WO2022024235A1 - 電池管理装置、電池管理方法 - Google Patents
電池管理装置、電池管理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022024235A1 WO2022024235A1 PCT/JP2020/028961 JP2020028961W WO2022024235A1 WO 2022024235 A1 WO2022024235 A1 WO 2022024235A1 JP 2020028961 W JP2020028961 W JP 2020028961W WO 2022024235 A1 WO2022024235 A1 WO 2022024235A1
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- internal resistance
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006266 hibernation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012887 quadratic function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for managing the state of a battery.
- SOH Battery deterioration state
- Patent Document 1 provides a method for estimating the internal resistance component of a battery, which can improve the accuracy of the estimated internal resistance value and, by extension, the accuracy of calculating SOC, which is the battery capacity.
- a method of estimating the internal resistance component of a battery 5 composed of a plurality of unit batteries and a voltage generated by diffusion and movement of an ionic substance inside the battery 5 is applied to the internal resistance component of the battery 5.
- the diffusion polarization resistance was set in consideration, and the diffusion polarization resistance was estimated using the time variation of the concentration of the diffusing substance. ⁇ (See summary).
- Patent Document 2 states that "SOC and SOH are estimated accurately in consideration of not only the process value of the battery but also the cross-correlation of SOC and SOH.
- BCIA 9 measures the internal resistance measuring unit 96 that measures the 25 ° C. converted value R25 of the internal resistance of the battery 5 and the open circuit voltage measuring unit that measures the 25 ° C. converted value OCV25 of the open circuit voltage. 97 is provided.
- the CPU 8 stores the equation storage unit 86 for storing the first equation representing the relationship between OCV25 and SOH and SOC, and the second equation representing the relationship between R25 and SOH and SOC, and the measurement results of the R25 and OCV25, respectively. It is provided with a solution unit 87 that is applied to an equation and obtains SOH and SOC as a solution of the simultaneous equations. ⁇ (See summary).
- the following Patent Document 3 “provides a battery system 1 having a simple configuration for evaluating the characteristics of the secondary battery 10.
- the battery system 1 is a secondary battery 10 having a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 15, and electrolytes 12 and 14, and unique information of a pre-measured secondary battery 10 including an initial resistance value and an evaluation frequency.”
- a measuring unit 22 for measuring and a calculating unit 24 for calculating at least one of the deterioration degree and the charging depth of the secondary battery 10 from the impedance and the unique information are provided. ⁇ (See summary).
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-175484 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-129401 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-08814
- Patent Document 1 since only the internal resistance is measured, a technique for measuring SOH is separately required.
- Ri and SOH are measured using an open circuit voltage (Open Circuit Voltage: OCV).
- OCV Open Circuit Voltage
- the method using OCV tends to have a long measurement time.
- Patent Document 3 a waveform generator that generates a waveform for measuring impedance is separately required.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of simultaneously measuring the internal resistance and the deteriorated state of a battery by a simple means in a short time.
- the battery management device is between the voltage at the first calculation time after the end of charging or discharging and the voltage at the first time point when the first period has elapsed from the first calculation time.
- the first difference is acquired, and further, the second difference between the voltage at the second calculation time point after the first time point and the voltage at the second time point when the second period elapses from the second calculation time point is obtained. Obtained, the internal resistance is estimated according to the relationship between the first difference and the internal resistance of the battery, and the deteriorated state is estimated according to the relationship between the second difference and the deteriorated state of the battery. ..
- the internal resistance and the deteriorated state of the battery can be measured simultaneously and in a short time.
- Other problems, advantages, configurations, etc. of the present invention will be clarified by the following description of Implementation j.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which illustrates the variation of the internal resistance (Ri) and the deterioration state (SOH) of a battery. It is a schematic diagram which illustrates the use of the battery management apparatus. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the battery management apparatus 100 which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows another configuration example of the battery management apparatus 100. An example of the configuration when the detection unit 130 is connected to the battery 200 is shown. It is a flowchart explaining the procedure which the arithmetic unit 120 calculates Ri and SOH. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the current and voltage which the battery 200 outputs in the rest period after discharge.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating variations in the internal resistance (Ri) and the deteriorated state (SOH) of the battery. Appropriate usage and usage may differ depending on Ri and SOH. Therefore, measuring Ri and SOH is important in battery operation management.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of the battery management device according to the present invention.
- Batteries that need to be charged and discharged eg, battery cells, battery modules, battery packs, etc.
- a tester e.g., a BMS (battery management system), a charger, and the like.
- the battery is connected to these devices, it is in a charging operation / discharging operation / hibernation state.
- Ri and SOH can be calculated on the above device, for example, or on a computer connected via a network such as on a cloud server. You can also.
- the advantage of calculating on a device to which a battery is connected is that the battery status (voltage output by the battery, current output by the battery, temperature of the battery, etc.) can be obtained frequently.
- Ri and SOH calculated on the cloud system can also be sent to the computer owned by the user.
- the user computer can use this data for a specific purpose such as inventory management.
- Ri and SOH calculated on the cloud system can be stored in the database of the cloud platform operator and used for other purposes. For example, optimization of exchange routes for electric vehicles, energy management, etc.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the battery management device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery management device 100 is a device that is connected to the battery 200 and receives power from the battery 200, and corresponds to the tester or the like in FIG.
- the battery management device 100 includes a communication unit 110, a calculation unit 120, a detection unit 130, and a storage unit 140.
- the detection unit 130 acquires the detection value V of the voltage output by the battery 200 and the detection value I of the current output by the battery 200. Further, as an option, the detected value T of the temperature of the battery 200 may be acquired. These detected values may be detected by the battery 200 itself and notified to the detection unit 130, or may be detected by the detection unit 130. Details of the detection unit 130 will be described later.
- the calculation unit 120 estimates Ri and SOH of the battery 200 using the detection value acquired by the detection unit 130. The estimation procedure will be described later.
- the communication unit 110 transmits the R and SOH estimated by the calculation unit 120 to the outside of the battery management device 100. For example, these can be transmitted to the memory provided in the cloud system.
- the storage unit 140 stores a data table described later.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the battery management device 100.
- the battery management device 100 does not necessarily have to be a device that is directly connected to the battery 200 to receive electric power, and shows a form in which the communication unit 110 and the detection unit 130 shown in FIG. 3 are not included. ..
- the battery management device 100 acquires the voltage V, the current I, and the temperature T of the battery 200 from the communication unit 110.
- the detection unit 150 included in the battery management device 100 receives these detected values, for example, via a network, and the arithmetic unit 120 calculates Ri and SOH using these detected values.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration example when the detection unit 130 is connected to the battery 200.
- the detection unit 130 may be configured as a part of the battery management device 100, or may be configured as a module separate from the battery management device 100.
- the detection unit 130 includes a voltage sensor 131, a temperature sensor 132, and a current sensor 133 in order to acquire the voltage V, the temperature T, and the current I during the charging / discharging operation of the battery 200.
- the voltage sensor 131 measures the voltage across the battery 200 (the voltage output by the battery 200).
- the temperature sensor 132 is connected to, for example, a thermocouple included in the battery 200, and measures the temperature of the battery 200 through the thermocouple.
- the current sensor 133 is connected to one end of the battery 200 and measures the current output by the battery 200.
- the temperature sensor 132 is an option and does not necessarily have to be provided.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure in which the calculation unit 120 calculates Ri and SOH.
- the calculation unit 120 starts the flowchart at an appropriate timing, for example, when the battery management device 100 is started, when instructed to start the flowchart, or at predetermined intervals. Each step of FIG. 6 will be described below.
- Step S601 The calculation unit 120 determines whether or not it is a pause period after charging or a pause period after discharging. If the current period is not a rest period, this flowchart ends. If it is a rest period, the process proceeds to S602.
- the rest period after discharging means that the current output by the battery 200 changes from a negative value (I ⁇ 0) toward zero, and (b) changes from a negative value to a value near zero and is stable. It can be determined by the fact that (
- Step S602 The calculation unit 120 calculates ⁇ Va and ⁇ Vb.
- ⁇ Va is the fluctuation of the output voltage of the battery 200 from the first calculation time after the end of the rest period to the first time when the first period ta has elapsed.
- ⁇ Vb is the fluctuation of the output voltage of the battery 200 from the second starting time after the first time to the second time when the second period tb has elapsed.
- the calculation unit 120 calculates Ri and SOH according to the following equations 1 and 2.
- fRi defines Ri as a function of ⁇ Va.
- fRi has a parameter (c_Ri_T) that varies depending on the temperature of the battery 200 and a parameter (c_Ri_I) that varies depending on the output current of the battery 200.
- f SOH defines SOH as a function of ⁇ Vb.
- f SOH has a parameter (c_SOH_T) that varies depending on the temperature of the battery 200 and a parameter (c_SOH_I) that varies depending on the output current of the battery 200.
- These parameters are defined by the relation table 141. A specific example of each function and a specific example of the relation table 141 will be described later.
- fRi and fSOH are formulas formed based on, for example, experimental data for each lot.
- Step S604 Calculation formula
- Ri f Ri ( ⁇ Va, c_Ri_T_1, c_Ri_T_2, ..., c_Ri_I_1, c_Ri_I_2, ...)
- SOH f SOH ( ⁇ Vb, c_SOH_T_1, c_SOH_T_2, ..., c_SOH_I_1, c_SOH_I_2, ).
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing changes over time in the current and voltage output by the battery 200 during the rest period after discharge.
- ⁇ Va in S602 is the fluctuation of the output voltage of the battery 200 from the time when the discharge is completed or the time after the first calculation to the first time when the first period ta has elapsed.
- the present inventor has found that the voltage fluctuation due to the internal resistance of the battery 200 is well expressed in the output voltage immediately after the discharge is completed. That is, it can be said that the fluctuation ( ⁇ Va) of the output voltage during this period has a strong correlation with Ri. In the first embodiment, this is used to estimate Ri by ⁇ Va.
- the optimum values for the start time and the time length of ta can be obtained based on the interval from the end of the discharge to the maximum point of the slope change rate in the voltage change curve with time.
- the operation may be appropriately preferable, such as setting the area near or including both ends of the section.
- ⁇ Vb in S602 is the fluctuation of the output voltage of the battery 200 from the time when the period ta has elapsed or after the second calculation time to the second time when the second period tb has elapsed. It can be seen that while ⁇ Va immediately after the end of discharge has a correlation with Ri, the period after that when the output voltage fluctuates gently has a correlation with SOH. , The inventor has found. In the first embodiment, this is used to estimate SOH by ⁇ Vb.
- the optimum values for the start time and time length of tb are based on the interval from the maximum point of the slope change rate in the voltage change curve after the end of discharge until the slope change of the voltage change curve approaches a constant value. Can be obtained. In specifying the section, depending on the type of battery, device, accuracy, etc., the operation may be appropriately preferable, such as setting the area near or including both ends of the section.
- the start time of ta does not necessarily have to be the same as the discharge end time, but it is desirable that it is close to the discharge end time.
- the start time of tb does not necessarily have to be the same as the end time of ta.
- ta and tb have a relationship of ta ⁇ tb.
- ⁇ Va may be larger or ⁇ Vb may be larger.
- Ri and SOH can be estimated accurately even if the total of ta and tb is, for example, about several seconds. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, both Ri and SOH can be quickly estimated during the rest period.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing changes over time in the current and voltage output by the battery 200 during the rest period after charging.
- ⁇ Va in S602 may be a variation in the output voltage of the battery 200 from the time when charging is completed or after the first calculation time to the first time when the first period ta has elapsed.
- ⁇ Vb in S602 is the fluctuation of the output voltage of the battery 200 from the time when the period ta has elapsed or after the second calculation time to the second time when the second period tb has elapsed.
- the present inventor has found that ⁇ Va has a correlation with Ri and ⁇ Vb has a correlation with SOH even in the rest period after charging. Therefore, in the first embodiment, ⁇ Va and ⁇ Vb in S602 may be acquired after either charging or discharging.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the configuration of the relation table 141 and an example of data.
- the relation table 141 is a data table that defines each parameter in the equations 1 and 2. Since c_Ri_I and c_SOH_I vary depending on the output current of the battery 200, they are defined for each output current value. Since c_Ri_T and c_SOH_T vary depending on the temperature of the battery 200, they are defined for each temperature. Since these parameters may have different characteristics between the rest period after discharge and the rest period after charging, the relation table 141 defines each parameter for each of these periods.
- Ri When f Ri is a linear function of ⁇ Va, Ri can be expressed by, for example, the following equation 3. This is because the slope of Ri is affected by temperature and the intercept is affected by current. In this case, c_Ri_T and c_Ri_I are each one.
- Ri c_Ri_T_1 ⁇ ⁇ Va + c_Ri_I_1 (3)
- SOH When f SOH is a linear function of ⁇ Vb, SOH can be expressed by, for example, the following equation 4. This is because the slope of SOH is affected by temperature and the intercept is affected by current. In this case, c_SOH_T and c_SOH_I are each one.
- the battery management device 100 estimates Ri using the voltage fluctuation ⁇ Va in the period ta in the pause period after the end of discharge or the pause period after the end of charging, and uses the voltage fluctuation ⁇ Vb in the period tb.
- Estimate SOH This makes it possible to estimate both Ri and SOH in a shorter time than before.
- the relationship table 141 describes an internal resistance parameter that defines a function fRi representing the relationship between Ri and ⁇ Va.
- the internal resistance parameter includes c_Ri_I, which varies depending on the output current of the battery 200, and c_Ri_T, which varies depending on the temperature of the battery 200.
- the relation table 141 describes the internal resistance parameter and the deterioration state parameter for each of the rest period after charging and the rest period after discharging. This makes it possible to accurately estimate Ri and SOH even when the function (that is, the characteristics of the battery 200) is different between the rest period after charging and the rest period after discharging.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the relationship table 141 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. It was explained that the relation table 141 in the first embodiment defines the parameters for the rest period after charging and the rest period after discharging. In addition to this, the relation table 141 may define these parameters for each production lot number of the battery 200. This is because the correlation between Ri and ⁇ Va and the correlation between SOH and ⁇ Vb may differ from production lot to production lot. Therefore, in FIG. 10, an example in which one data table is provided for each production lot number is shown. The calculation unit 120 acquires each parameter from the data table corresponding to the production lot number of the battery 200.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications.
- the above-described embodiment has been described in detail in order to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and is not necessarily limited to the one including all the described configurations.
- it is possible to replace a part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment.
- ⁇ Va and ⁇ Vb are acquired during the rest period after discharge or the rest period after charging.
- the discharge or charge at this time does not necessarily have to be a complete discharge (the remaining capacity of the battery 200 is 0) or a complete charge (the battery 200 is fully charged). That is, it may be a period after the discharge operation or the charge operation is completed.
- the acquisition of ⁇ Va and ⁇ Vb during the pause period after discharge or the pause period after charge means that the output current of the battery 200 rises sharply immediately after the end of discharge, and the battery immediately after the end of charge. It is assumed that the output current of 200 drops sharply. For example, it is assumed that the current rises or falls in a rectangular wave shape. This is because it is considered that the voltage response of the battery 200 to various frequency components of the output current can be obtained because the output current is a rectangular wave. Therefore, it is desirable that the output current of the battery 200 fluctuates in a rectangular wave shape during the rest period after discharging or the rest period after charging. However, it does not have to be a strict rectangular wave, but may be a current waveform that approximates a rectangular wave.
- the linear function is illustrated as an example of the functions fRi and fSOH , but other functions may be used.
- it may be a polynomial function of a quadratic function or more.
- the relation table 141 may describe parameters such as coefficients for defining the function. Among the parameters, those that fluctuate depending on the output current of the battery 200 may be defined for each current value, and those that fluctuate depending on the temperature of the battery 200 may be defined for each temperature value.
- the arithmetic unit 120 and the detection unit 130 can be configured by hardware such as a circuit device that implements these functions, and software that implements these functions is a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or the like. It can also be configured by executing the arithmetic unit of.
- hardware such as a circuit device that implements these functions, and software that implements these functions is a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or the like. It can also be configured by executing the arithmetic unit of.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the storage unit 140 does not necessarily have to be arranged on the same device as the calculation unit 120. That is, if the arithmetic unit 120 can acquire the information defined by the relational table 141 and store it in a storage device such as a local memory, the relational table 141 itself is arranged on a device different from the arithmetic unit 120. May be good.
- Battery management device 110 Communication unit 120: Calculation unit 130: Detection unit 140: Storage unit 141: Relationship table 200: Battery
Abstract
Description
図1は、電池の内部抵抗(Ri)と劣化状態(SOH)のばらつきを例示する図である。RiとSOHに応じて、適切な使用方法や用途などが異なる場合がある。したがってRiとSOHを測定することは、電池の運用管理において重要である。
演算部120は、充電後の休止期間または放電後の休止期間であるか否かを判定する。現在が休止期間ではない場合は本フローチャートを終了する。休止期間である場合はS602へ進む。例えば放電後の休止期間であることは、電池200が出力する電流が負値(I<0)からゼロへ向かって変化している、(b)負値からゼロ近傍の値へ変化して安定している(|I|<閾値)、などによって判定することができる。
演算部120は、ΔVaとΔVbを計算する。ΔVaは、休止期間が終了した以後の第1起算時点から第1期間taが経過した第1時刻までにおける、電池200の出力電圧の変動分である。ΔVbは、第1時刻以後の第2起算時点から第2期間tbが経過した第2時刻までにおける、電池200の出力電圧の変動分である。これらの計算手順については後述する。
演算部120は、下記式1と式2にしたがって、RiとSOHを計算する。fRiは、RiをΔVaの関数として定義する。fRiは、電池200の温度によって変動するパラメータ(c_Ri_T)と、電池200の出力電流によって変動するパラメータ(c_Ri_I)を有する。fSOHは、SOHをΔVbの関数として定義する。fSOHは、電池200の温度によって変動するパラメータ(c_SOH_T)と、電池200の出力電流によって変動するパラメータ(c_SOH_I)を有する。これらのパラメータは関係テーブル141によって定義されている。各関数の具体例と関係テーブル141の具体例については後述する。fRi及びfSOHは例えばロットごとの実験データを元に形成される式となる。
Ri=fRi(ΔVa,c_Ri_T_1,c_Ri_T_2,・・・,c_Ri_I_1,c_Ri_I_2,・・・) (1)
SOH=fSOH(ΔVb,c_SOH_T_1,c_SOH_T_2,・・・,c_SOH_I_1,c_SOH_I_2,・・・) (2)
本実施形態1に係る電池管理装置100は、放電終了後の休止期間または充電終了後の休止期間において、期間taにおける電圧変動ΔVaを用いてRiを推定し、期間tbにおける電圧変動ΔVbを用いてSOHを推定する。これにより、従来よりも短時間でRiとSOHをともに推定することができる。
図10は、本発明の実施形態2における関係テーブル141の構成例を示す図である。実施形態1における関係テーブル141は、充電後の休止期間と放電後の休止期間それぞれについて、パラメータを定義していることを説明した。関係テーブル141はこれに加えて、電池200の製造ロット番号ごとに、これらパラメータを定義してもよい。RiとΔVaとの間の相関関係や、SOHとΔVbとの間の相関関係は、製造ロットごとに異なる場合があるからである。そこで図10においては、製造ロット番号ごとに1つのデータテーブルを設けた例を示した。演算部120は、電池200の製造ロット番号に対応するデータテーブルから、各パラメータを取得する。
本発明は、前述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形例が含まれる。例えば、上記した実施形態は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。また、ある実施形態の構成の一部を他の実施形態の構成に置き換えることが可能であり、また、ある実施形態の構成に他の実施形態の構成を加えることも可能である。また、各実施形態の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることが可能である。
110:通信部
120:演算部
130:検知部
140:記憶部
141:関係テーブル
200:電池
Claims (12)
- 電池の状態を管理する電池管理装置であって、
前記電池が出力する電圧の検出値と前記電池が出力する電流の検出値を取得する検知部、
前記電圧の経時変化を表す差分を用いて前記電池の内部抵抗と前記電池の劣化状態を推定する演算部、
を備え、
前記演算部は、前記差分として、前記電池が充電または放電を終了した終了時点以後の第1起算時点における前記電圧と、前記第1起算時点から第1期間が経過した第1時点における前記電圧との間の第1差分を取得し、
前記演算部は、前記差分として、前記第1時点以後の第2起算時点における前記電圧と、前記第2起算時点から第2期間が経過した第2時点における前記電圧との間の第2差分を取得し、
前記演算部は、前記第1差分と前記内部抵抗との間の関係を記述するとともに前記第2差分と前記劣化状態との間の関係を記述した関係データを取得し、
前記演算部は、前記第1差分を用いて前記関係データを参照することにより前記内部抵抗を推定し、
前記演算部は、前記第2差分を用いて前記関係データを参照することにより前記劣化状態を推定する
ことを特徴とする電池管理装置。 - 前記第1期間は、充電または放電の終了時点以後の電圧変化曲線において、充電または放電の終了時点以後から前記電圧変化曲線の傾き変化率の最大点までの区間とし、
前記第2期間は、前記傾き変化率の最大点から前記電圧変化曲線の傾き変化が一定に漸近するまでの区間とする
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池管理装置。 - 前記関係データは、前記内部抵抗と前記第1差分との間の関係を表す内部抵抗関数を定義する内部抵抗パラメータを記述しており、
前記内部抵抗パラメータは、
前記電池の温度によって変動する内部抵抗_温度パラメータ、
前記電流によって変動する内部抵抗_電流パラメータ、
を含み、
前記関係データは、前記電池の温度の値ごとに前記内部抵抗_温度パラメータを記述するとともに、前記電流の値ごとに前記内部抵抗_電流パラメータを記述しており、
前記演算部は、前記関係データから取得した前記内部抵抗パラメータを用いて、前記内部抵抗を計算する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池管理装置。 - 前記関係データは、前記劣化状態と前記第2差分との間の関係を表す劣化状態関数を定義する劣化状態パラメータを記述しており、
前記劣化状態パラメータは、
前記電池の温度によって変動する劣化状態_温度パラメータ、
前記電流によって変動する劣化状態_電流パラメータ、
を含み、
前記関係データは、前記電池の温度の値ごとに前記劣化状態_温度パラメータを記述するとともに、前記電流の値ごとに前記劣化状態_電流パラメータを記述しており、
前記演算部は、前記関係データから取得した前記劣化状態パラメータを用いて、前記劣化状態を計算する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池管理装置。 - 前記内部抵抗関数は、前記内部抵抗と前記第1差分との間の関係を前記第1差分の1次関数によって表す関数であり、
前記内部抵抗_温度パラメータは、前記1次関数の傾きを前記電池の温度の値ごとに定義しており、
前記内部抵抗_電流パラメータは、前記1次関数の切片を前記電流の値ごとに定義しており、
前記演算部は、前記電池の温度の測定値を用いて前記関係データを参照することにより、前記1次関数の傾きを取得し、
前記演算部は、前記電流の測定値を用いて前記関係データを参照することにより、前記1次関数の切片を取得し、
前記演算部は、前記関係データから取得した前記傾きと前記関係データから取得した前記切片を用いて、前記内部抵抗を計算する
ことを特徴とする請求項3記載の電池管理装置。 - 前記劣化状態関数は、前記劣化状態と前記第2差分との間の関係を前記第2差分の1次関数によって表す関数であり、
前記劣化状態_温度パラメータは、前記1次関数の傾きを前記電池の温度の値ごとに定義しており、
前記劣化状態_電流パラメータは、前記1次関数の切片を前記電流の値ごとに定義しており、
前記演算部は、前記電池の温度の測定値を用いて前記関係データを参照することにより、前記1次関数の傾きを取得し、
前記演算部は、前記電流の測定値を用いて前記関係データを参照することにより、前記1次関数の切片を取得し、
前記演算部は、前記関係データから取得した前記傾きと前記関係データから取得した前記切片を用いて、前記劣化状態を計算する
ことを特徴とする請求項4記載の電池管理装置。 - 前記関係データは、前記電池が充電終了した後の第1休止期間と、前記電池が放電完了した後の第2休止期間とのそれぞれについて、前記内部抵抗パラメータを記述しており、
前記関係データは、前記第1休止期間における前記内部抵抗パラメータを定義する充電後パラメータを記述しており、
前記関係データは、前記第2休止期間における前記内部抵抗パラメータを定義する放電後パラメータを記述しており、
前記演算部は、前記第1休止期間においては前記関係データから前記充電後パラメータを取得し、
前記演算部は、前記第2休止期間においては前記関係データから前記放電後パラメータを取得する
ことを特徴とする請求項3記載の電池管理装置。 - 前記関係データは、前記電池が充電終了した後の第1休止期間と、前記電池が放電完了した後の第2休止期間とのそれぞれについて、前記劣化状態パラメータを記述しており、
前記関係データは、前記第1休止期間における前記劣化状態パラメータを定義する充電後パラメータを記述しており、
前記関係データは、前記第2休止期間における前記劣化状態パラメータを定義する放電後パラメータを記述しており、
前記演算部は、前記第1休止期間においては前記関係データから前記充電後パラメータを取得し、
前記演算部は、前記第2休止期間においては前記関係データから前記放電後パラメータを取得する
ことを特徴とする請求項4記載の電池管理装置。 - 前記関係データは、前記電池の製造ロット番号ごとに前記内部抵抗パラメータを記述しており、
前記演算部は、前記電池の製造ロット番号を用いて前記関係データを参照することにより、前記内部抵抗パラメータを取得する
ことを特徴とする請求項3記載の電池管理装置。 - 前記関係データは、前記電池の製造ロット番号ごとに前記劣化状態パラメータを記述しており、
前記演算部は、前記電池の製造ロット番号を用いて前記関係データを参照することにより、前記劣化状態パラメータを取得する
ことを特徴とする請求項4記載の電池管理装置。 - 前記電池は、放電を終了すると前記電流が矩形波状に立ち上がり、または、充電を終了すると前記電流が矩形波状に立ち下がるように構成されており、
前記演算部は、前記矩形波状の立ち上がりまたは立ち下がりによって生じる前記電圧の変動分を、前記第1差分のうち少なくとも一部として取得する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池管理装置。 - 電池の状態を管理する電池管理方法であって、
前記電池が出力する電圧の検出値と前記電池が出力する電流の検出値を取得するステップ、
前記電圧の経時変化を表す差分を用いて前記電池の内部抵抗と前記電池の劣化状態を推定するステップ、
を有し、
前記推定するステップにおいては、前記差分として、前記電池が充電または放電を終了した終了時点以後の第1起算時点における前記電圧と、前記第1起算時点から第1期間が経過した第1時点における前記電圧との間の第1差分を取得し、
前記推定するステップにおいては、前記差分として、前記第1時点以後の第2起算時点における前記電圧と、前記第2起算時点から第2期間が経過した第2時点における前記電圧との間の第2差分を取得し、
前記推定するステップにおいては、前記第1差分と前記内部抵抗との間の関係を記述するとともに前記第2差分と前記劣化状態との間の関係を記述した関係データを取得し、
前記推定するステップにおいては、前記第1差分を用いて前記関係データを参照することにより前記内部抵抗を推定し、
前記推定するステップにおいては、前記第2差分を用いて前記関係データを参照することにより前記劣化状態を推定する
ことを特徴とする電池管理方法。
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WO2022230335A1 (ja) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-03 | 株式会社日立ハイテク | 電池状態推定装置、電力システム |
WO2023157373A1 (ja) * | 2022-02-17 | 2023-08-24 | 株式会社日立ハイテク | 電池管理装置、電池管理プログラム |
WO2023176028A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-16 | 2023-09-21 | 株式会社日立ハイテク | 電池状態推定装置、電池システム、電池状態推定方法 |
CN114966452A (zh) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-08-30 | 华为电动技术有限公司 | 一种电池状态确定方法及相关装置 |
WO2024042758A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-22 | 2024-02-29 | 株式会社日立ハイテク | 電池管理装置、電池管理方法 |
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CN115917341A (zh) | 2023-04-04 |
US20230349981A1 (en) | 2023-11-02 |
TW202309544A (zh) | 2023-03-01 |
EP4191732A1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
TWI785665B (zh) | 2022-12-01 |
KR20230012022A (ko) | 2023-01-25 |
EP4191732A4 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
TWI818777B (zh) | 2023-10-11 |
JPWO2022024235A1 (ja) | 2022-02-03 |
JP7390490B2 (ja) | 2023-12-01 |
TW202204926A (zh) | 2022-02-01 |
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