WO2022021643A1 - 一种新型锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种新型锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022021643A1
WO2022021643A1 PCT/CN2020/124579 CN2020124579W WO2022021643A1 WO 2022021643 A1 WO2022021643 A1 WO 2022021643A1 CN 2020124579 W CN2020124579 W CN 2020124579W WO 2022021643 A1 WO2022021643 A1 WO 2022021643A1
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negative electrode
electrode material
ion battery
zif
battery negative
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French (fr)
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仰永军
覃钰
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广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
    • H01M4/602—Polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G83/00—Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G81/00
    • C08G83/008—Supramolecular polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and in particular relates to a novel negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries and a preparation method thereof.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have become one of the most concerned high-performance batteries due to their high energy density, high operating voltage, long cycle life, and level-1 safety and no pollution, and are widely used in portable electronic products.
  • the commercial anode materials of lithium-ion batteries are mainly artificial graphite and natural graphite materials. Since the theoretical specific capacity of graphite material is only 372mAh ⁇ g -1 , it cannot meet the increasing demand for energy density of lithium-ion batteries. It is inevitable to explore a new generation of high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
  • Metal-Orangic Frameworks are a class of organic-inorganic hybrid materials constructed from organic ligands and inorganic metal units. Generally have variable topological structure and physical and chemical properties. MOFs have a wide range of applications in the fields of gas adsorption, drug release, luminescence, and catalysis. The regulation of its catalytic performance is a very popular research direction at present, which plays an important role in promoting the development of catalytic chemistry.
  • ZIF ⁇ 67 is a typical metal ⁇ organic framework material. Its typical preparation method is the typical preparation method of ZIF67: it is prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and an aqueous solution of dimethylimidazole. Around ZIF-67, many researchers have improved it and used it in electrodes for various electrochemical reactions. For example, Chinese patent application CN110797206A discloses a Co-Mn-S composite material and its preparation method and applies it to supercapacitors, which can reach a specific capacitance of 2397F ⁇ g -1 .
  • Chinese patent CN108374179B discloses a preparation method of iron-doped cobalt diselenide composite carbon-doped carbon material and applies it to the industrial application of electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production, which has the advantages of low hydrogen production overpotential, low hydrogen production Tafel slope, etc. advantage.
  • ZIF-67 has been improved in the prior art and achieved good technical results, it is still used in the field of lithium-ion battery negative electrode relatively few, and the above-mentioned improvement steps are many, the operation is complicated, and a hydrothermal reactor needs to be used
  • Toxic substances such as thioacetamide (category 2B carcinogen) are also used in equipment with higher use costs.
  • the present invention is based on ZIF-67, and aims to explore a new type of negative electrode material for lithium ion battery and its preparation method.
  • a preparation method of a novel lithium ion battery negative electrode material comprising the following steps
  • Step 1 dissolve the cobalt salt in the solvent to form solution A; co-dissolve 2-methylimidazole and the sulfur source in the solvent to form solution B;
  • Step 2 under stirring conditions, slowly add solution A to solution B dropwise to form mixed solution C, continue stirring for 0.5-10 h; after standing for 1-48 h, centrifuge the precipitate in mixed solution C to wash, S-ZIF-67 precursor is obtained after drying;
  • Step 3 After fully mixing the S-ZIF-67 precursor and the graphene oxide powder, move it to a tube furnace and heat and keep it for 1-12 h under the protection of an inert gas, the heating rate is 1-20 °C/min, and the keeping temperature is The temperature is 800-1200 DEG C, and a new type of negative electrode material for lithium ion battery is obtained.
  • the cobalt salt is one of cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate, and cobalt sulfate;
  • the sulfur source is one of thiourea and sodium thiosulfate;
  • the solvent It is water and/or alcohol, and the alcohol is one of methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol.
  • the concentration of the cobalt salt is 0.01-1 mol/L
  • the concentration of the 2-methylimidazole is 0.01-4 mol/L
  • the concentration of the sulfur source is 0.01-1 mol/L 3mol/L.
  • step 2 the stirring speed is 60-1000 rpm.
  • step 3 the mixing method of the S-ZIF-67 precursor and the graphene oxide powder is ball milling, the ball-to-powder ratio is 10-20:1, the rotational speed is 150-250 r/min, and the ball-milling time is For 1 ⁇ 24h.
  • the inert gas is one of hydrogen, argon and nitrogen; preferably nitrogen.
  • the mass ratio of the S-ZIF-67 precursor to graphene oxide is 1:0.1-10; preferably 1:1-3.
  • the present invention also provides a novel negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries, which is made by the above method.
  • the invention is simple and convenient to operate, saves time, saves energy and is highly efficient, and has good economy.
  • the improved ZIF-67 is made into a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries, which has good energy density and rate performance.
  • the lower layer precipitate was repeatedly centrifuged and washed with deionized water, and then the centrifuged and washed precipitate was dried at 70 °C to obtain S-doped ZIF-67, denoted as S-ZIF-67.
  • the S-ZIF-67 and graphene oxide powder were added to the ball mill according to the mass ratio of 1:2, and the parameters of the ball mill were adjusted. ⁇ ZIF ⁇ 67 and graphene oxide powder were fully mixed, then moved to a tube furnace, nitrogen was used as protective gas, the heating rate was adjusted to 10 °C/min, the holding temperature was 1000 °C, and the holding time was 2 h to prepare a new type of lithium Ion battery anode material.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ratio of S-ZIF-67 to graphene oxide powder is 1:1, and the rest are the same as Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ratio of S-ZIF-67 to graphene oxide powder is 1:3, and the rest is the same as Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ratio of S-ZIF-67 to graphene oxide powder is 1:0.1, and the rest are the same as Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ratio of S-ZIF-67 to graphene oxide powder is 1:10, and the rest are the same as Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that 0.01 mol of Co(CH 3 COO) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O was fully dissolved in 100 mL of ethanol to form A solution; then 0.04 mol of 2-methylimidazole and 0.03 mol of thiourea was fully co-dissolved in 100 mL of ethanol to form solution B. Adjust the stirring rate of the magnetic stirrer, the stirring rate is 400 rpm, slowly add solution A to solution B dropwise to form solution C, continue to stir for 2 hours, and then stand for 24 hours to remove the supernatant.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the dosage of Co(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is 0.001 mol, the dosage of 2-methylimidazole is 0.004 mol, and the dosage of sodium thiosulfate is 0.003 mol. The rest are the same as in Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the dosage of Co(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is 0.005 mol, the dosage of 2-methylimidazole is 0.02 mol, and the dosage of sodium thiosulfate is 0.015 mol. The rest are the same as in Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the dosage of Co(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is 0.05 mol, the dosage of 2-methylimidazole is 0.2 mol, and the dosage of sodium thiosulfate is 0.15 mol. The rest are the same as in Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the dosage of Co(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is 0.1 mol, the dosage of 2-methylimidazole is 0.4 mol, and the dosage of sodium thiosulfate is 0.3 mol. The rest are the same as in Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the heating rate in the tube furnace is 20°C/min, the holding temperature is 1200°C, and the holding time is 1 h. The rest are the same as in Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the heating rate in the tube furnace is 1°C/min, the holding temperature is 800°C, and the holding time is 12h. The rest are the same as in Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the parameters of the ball mill are adjusted so that the ball-to-powder ratio is 10:1, the rotational speed is 250r/min, and the ball milling time is 1h. The rest are the same as in Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the parameters of the ball mill are set to make the ball-to-powder ratio 20:1, the rotational speed to be 150r/min, and the ball-milling time to be 24h. The rest are the same as in Example 1.
  • Example 1 S-ZIF-67 was first prepared, and after drying, it was directly transferred to a tube furnace. Nitrogen was used as the protective gas, and the heating rate was adjusted to 10 °C/min, the holding temperature was 1000 °C, and the holding time was 2h. The rest are the same as in Example 1.
  • ZIF-67 was first prepared, and then 0.03 mol of sodium thiosulfate was ultrasonically dispersed with ZIF-67 into 100 mL of deionized water, and then transferred to a hydrothermal reactor, and reacted at 150 °C for 5 h. Sulfur-doped ZIF-67 was prepared. The rest are the same as in Example 1.
  • Preparation of negative electrode plate The new lithium-ion battery negative electrode material, acetylene black, and PVDF were ground in a mortar for more than 20 minutes according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1, so that the three were fully mixed. An appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) was added dropwise and stirred for 8 h under the action of a magnetic stirrer at room temperature to obtain a paste-like material. The paste material was evenly poured onto the current collector (copper foil), and a pole piece with a thickness of about 150 ⁇ m was applied with a manual coater. Dry at 80°C for 12h and then at 120°C for 12h. Cut into circular pole pieces with a diameter of about 1.2 cm by a microtome, which are reserved for assembling the button battery.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the size of the button cell is CR2016 and is assembled in the glove box.
  • the protective gas in the glove box is argon, and the partial pressure of water and oxygen is lower than 1ppm.
  • the assembled analog button battery is sealed and compacted under the pressure of about 4Mpa. The assembled battery was tested by standing at room temperature for 8-12 hours. Charge and discharge between 0.05-2.5V at 0.1mA/cm2, and the measured results are shown in the table below.
  • the mass ratio of S-ZIF-67 and graphene oxide has a significant effect on the performance of Li-ion batteries. If the mass ratio of S ⁇ ZIF ⁇ 67 to graphene oxide is too large, the electrochemical performance will be deteriorated due to the poor conductivity of the negative electrode material. If the mass ratio of S-ZIF-67 to graphene oxide is too small, the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries will be poor due to less active materials. Preferably, the mass ratio of S-ZIF-67 and graphene oxide is 1:1-3. The concentration of cobalt salt is too low and the yield is low. If the concentration is too large, the performance of the prepared new lithium-ion battery will also deteriorate.
  • the concentration of the cobalt salt is 0.01-1 mol/L.
  • the S-doped ZIF-67 prepared by the two-step method is more complicated than the S-doped ZIF-67 prepared by the one-step method, and the S cannot be well incorporated into the ZIF-67.
  • the final lithium-ion battery anode material Cycling performance is poor.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

提供一种新型锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法。该方法采用一步法合成S掺杂的ZIF-67，然后将S掺杂的ZIF-67与氧化石墨烯粉体在惰性气体下共同碳化，形成了基于ZIF-67的外层具有碳骨架保护层的纳米多面体状的复合材料。制备的材料用于锂离子电池负极。该方法步骤简单，不需要昂贵的反应仪器；制得的锂离子电池的能量密度高，循环性能好，具有优异的电化学性能。

Description

一种新型锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明隶属于锂离子电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种新型锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池因具有能量密度高、工作电压高、循环寿命长、一级安全无污染等优点成为最受关注的高性能蓄电池之一，被广泛应用于便携式电子产品中。目前商用的锂离子电池负极材料主要是人造石墨和天然石墨材料。由于石墨材料的理论比容量仅为372mAh·g ‐1，因而无法满足日益上升的锂离子电池能量密度需求。探索新一代的锂离子电池高性能负极材料成为必然。
金属‐有机框架材料(Metal‐OrangicFrameworks,MOFs)是一类有机‐无机杂化材料，由有机配体和无机金属单元构建而成。一般具有多变的拓扑结构以及物理化学性质。MOFs在气体吸附、药物缓释、发光及催化领域有着广泛的应用。其催化性能的调控是目前非常热门的研究方向，对催化化学的发展有着重要的推动作用。
ZIF‐67是一种典型的金属‐有机框架材料。其典型的制备方法为ZIF67的典型制备方法是：用六水合硝酸钴的水溶液和二甲基咪唑的水溶液混合制成。围绕ZIF‐67，许多研究工作者对其进行了改进并将之用于各种电化学反应的电极中。例如中国专利申请CN110797206A公开了一种Co‐Mn‐S复合材料及其制备方法并将之应用于超级电容器中，可达到2397F·g ‐1的比电容。中国专利CN108374179B公开了一种铁 掺杂二硒化钴复合碳掺杂炭材料的制备方法并将之用于电化学分解水产氢的工业应用，具有制氢过电势低、制氢Tafel斜率低等优点。虽然现有技术中对ZIF‐67进行了改进并取得良好的技术效果，但将其用于锂离子电池负极领域的还比较少，且上述改进步骤多，操作复杂，需要用到水热反应器等使用成本较高的设备，还会用到硫代乙酰胺(2B类致癌物质)等有毒物质。
发明内容
本发明基于ZIF‐67，旨在探索一种新型锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：
一种新型锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤
步骤一：将钴盐溶于溶剂中，形成溶液A；将2‐甲基咪唑和硫源共溶于溶剂中，形成溶液B；
步骤二：在搅拌的条件下，将溶液A缓慢地滴加到溶液B中，形成混合溶液C，继续搅拌0.5～10h；静置1～48h后，将混合溶液C中的沉淀物离心洗涤、干燥后得到S‐ZIF‐67前驱体；
步骤三:将S‐ZIF‐67前驱体与氧化石墨烯粉充分混合后，移至管式炉中在惰性气体的保护下加热保温1～12h，升温速率为1～20℃/min，保温温度为800～1200℃，得到新型锂离子电池负极材料。
作为本发明改进的技术方案，步骤一中，所述钴盐为硝酸钴、醋酸钴、硫酸钴中的一种；所述硫源为硫脲、硫代硫酸钠中的一种；所述溶剂为水和/或醇，所述醇为甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇中的一种。
作为本发明改进的技术方案，步骤一中，所述钴盐的浓度为0.01～1mol/L，所述2‐甲基咪唑的浓度为0.01～4mol/L，所述硫源的浓度为0.01～3mol/L。
作为本发明改进的技术方案，步骤二中，所述搅拌速率为60～1000rpm。
作为本发明改进的技术方案，步骤三中，S‐ZIF‐67前驱体与氧化石墨烯粉的混合方式为球磨，球粉比为10～20：1，转速为150～250r/min，球磨时间为1～24h。
作为本发明改进的技术方案，步骤三中，惰性气体为氢气、氩气、氮气中的一种；优选为氮气。
作为本发明改进的技术方案，步骤三中，S‐ZIF‐67前驱体与氧化石墨烯的质量比为1：0.1～10；优选为1：1～3。
本发明还提供一种新型锂离子电池负极材料，采用上述方法制成。
有益效果：
本发明操作简单方便，省时节能高效，拥有很好的经济性。将ZIF‐67改良后制成锂离子电池负极，具有良好的能量密度和倍率性能。
具体实施方式：
为了使本领域技术人员清楚明了的理解本发明，现结合具体实施方式，对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
取0.01mol的Co(NO 3) 2·6H 2O充分溶解到100mL去离子水中，形成 A溶液；然后将0.04mol的2‐甲基咪唑和0.03mol的硫代硫酸钠充分共溶于100mL去离子水中，形成溶液B。调节磁力搅拌器的搅拌速率，搅拌速率为400rpm，将溶液A缓慢滴加到溶液B中，形成溶液C，继续搅拌反应2h，然后静置24小时，除去上清液。将下层沉淀物用去离子水反复离心洗涤，然后将离心洗涤后的沉淀物在70℃下烘干，制得S掺杂的ZIF‐67，记为S‐ZIF‐67。
将S‐ZIF‐67与氧化石墨烯粉末按照质量比为1：2的比例加入球磨机中，调节球磨机的参数，球粉比为15：1，转速为200r/min，球磨时间为4h，使S‐ZIF‐67和氧化石墨烯粉末充分混合，然后移至管式炉中，以氮气为保护气体，调节升温速率为10℃/min，保温温度为1000℃，保温时间为2h，制得新型锂离子电池负极材料。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：S‐ZIF‐67与氧化石墨烯粉的比例为1：1，其余同实施例1。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：S‐ZIF‐67与氧化石墨烯粉的比例为1：3，其余同实施例1。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：S‐ZIF‐67与氧化石墨烯粉的比例为1：0.1，其余同实施例1。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：S‐ZIF‐67与氧化石墨烯粉的比 例为1：10，其余同实施例1。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：取0.01mol的Co(CH 3COO) 2·4H 2O充分溶解到100mL乙醇中，形成A溶液；然后将0.04mol的2‐甲基咪唑和0.03mol的硫脲充分共溶于100mL乙醇中，形成溶液B。调节磁力搅拌器的搅拌速率，搅拌速率为400rpm，将溶液A缓慢滴加到溶液B中，形成溶液C，继续搅拌反应2h，然后静置24小时，除去上清液。将下层沉淀物用乙醇反复离心洗涤，然后将离心洗涤后的沉淀物在70℃下烘干，制得S掺杂的ZIF‐67，记为S‐ZIF‐67。其余同实施例1。
实施例7
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：Co(NO 3) 2·6H 2O的用量为0.001mol，2‐甲基咪唑的用量为0.004mol，硫代硫酸钠的用量为0.003mol。其余同实施例1。
实施例8
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：Co(NO 3) 2·6H 2O的用量为0.005mol，2‐甲基咪唑的用量为0.02mol，硫代硫酸钠的用量为0.015mol。其余同实施例1。
实施例9
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：Co(NO 3) 2·6H 2O的用量为0.05mol，2‐甲基咪唑的用量为0.2mol，硫代硫酸钠的用量为0.15mol。其余同实施例1。
实施例10
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：Co(NO 3) 2·6H 2O的用量为0.1mol，2‐甲基咪唑的用量为0.4mol，硫代硫酸钠的用量为0.3mol。其余同实施例1。
实施例11
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：管式炉中的保护气体为氩气。其余同实施例1。
实施例12
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：管式炉中的保护气体为氢气。其余同实施例1。
实施例13
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：管式炉中的升温速率为20℃/min，保温温度为1200℃，保温时间为1h。其余同实施例1。
实施例14
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：管式炉中的升温速率为1℃/min，保温温度为800℃，保温时间为12h。其余同实施例1。
实施例15
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：调节球磨机的参数，使球粉比为10：1，转速为250r/min，球磨时间为1h。其余同实施例1。
实施例16
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：节球磨机的参数，使球粉比为20：1，转速为150r/min，球磨时间为24h。其余同实施例1。
对比例1
取0.01mol的Co(NO 3) 2·6H 2O充分溶解到100mL去离子水中，形成A溶液；然后将0.04mol的2‐甲基咪唑溶于100mL去离子水中，形成溶液B。调节磁力搅拌器的搅拌速率，搅拌速率为400rpm，将溶液A缓慢滴加到溶液B中，形成溶液C，继续搅拌反应2h，然后静置24小时，除去上清液。将下层沉淀物用去离子水反复离心洗涤，然后将离心洗涤后的沉淀物在70℃下烘干，制得ZIF‐67。其余同实施例1。
对比例2
按照实施例1先制得S‐ZIF‐67，干燥后直接转移至管式炉中，以氮气为保护气体，调节升温速率为10℃/min，保温温度为1000℃，保温时间为2h。其余同实施例1。
对比例3
按照对比例1的方法先制得ZIF‐67，然后取0.03mol的硫代硫酸钠与ZIF‐67一起超声分散到100mL去离子水中，然后转移至水热反应釜中，于150℃下反应5h，制得硫掺杂的ZIF‐67。其余同实施例1。
负极极片的制备：将新型锂离子电池负极材料、乙炔黑、PVDF按照质量比为8：1：1在研钵中研磨20min以上，使三者充分混合。滴加适量的N‐甲基吡络烷酮(NMP)并于室温下在磁力搅拌器的作用下搅拌8h得到浆糊状材料。将糊状材料均匀的倾倒到集流体(铜箔)上，用手工涂布器涂敷厚度约为150μm的极片。在80℃下干燥12h，再在120℃下干燥12h。通过切片机切成直径约为1.2cm的圆形极片，留待组装扣式电池。
扣式电池的组装：扣式电池的规格为CR2016型，在手套箱中进行组装。手套箱内保护气为氩气，水氧分压均低于1ppm。按照顺序将CR2016配套的正极壳、垫片、锂片、隔膜、负极极片、垫片依次组装，并滴加适量电解液至锂片、隔膜、负极片之间使得电解液充分浸润隔膜和负极片。最后将组装好的模拟扣式电池在4Mpa左右的压强下进行封口压实。将组装好的电池于室温下静置8‐12小时候进行测试。以0.1mA/cm2在0.05‐2.5V之间充放电，测得结果如下表所示。
Figure PCTCN2020124579-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020124579-appb-000002
S‐ZIF‐67和氧化石墨烯的质量比对锂离子电池的性能影响较为显著。S‐ZIF‐67与氧化石墨烯的质量比过大，会因为负极材料的导电性太差，导致电化学性能变差。若S‐ZIF‐67与氧化石墨烯的质量比过小，会因活性材料较少而导致锂离子电池的电化学性能较差。优选地，S‐ZIF‐67和氧化石墨烯的质量比为1：1～3。钴盐的浓度太低，产率较低。浓度过大，制得的新型锂离子电池的性能也变差。优选地，钴盐的浓度为0.01～1mol/L。采用两步法制备的S掺杂ZIF‐67较一步法制备的S掺杂ZIF‐67，制备步骤复杂，且S不能很好的掺入ZIF‐67中，最终制得的锂离子电池负极材料循环性能较差。
根据上述说明书的揭示和教导，本发明所属领域的技术人员还可以对上述实施方式进行变更和修改。因此，本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式，对本发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。此外，尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语，但这些术语只是为了方便说明，并不对本发明构成任何限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种新型锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤
    步骤一：将钴盐溶于溶剂中，形成溶液A；将2‐甲基咪唑和硫源共溶于溶剂中，形成溶液B；
    步骤二：在搅拌的条件下，将溶液A缓慢地滴加到溶液B中，形成混合溶液C，继续搅拌0.5～10h；静置1～48h后，将混合溶液C中的沉淀物离心洗涤、干燥后得到S‐ZIF‐67前驱体；
    步骤三:将S‐ZIF‐67前驱体与氧化石墨烯粉充分混合后，移至管式炉中在惰性气体的保护下加热保温1～12h，升温速率为1～20℃/min，保温温度为800～1200℃，得到新型锂离子电池负极材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的新型锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤一中，所述钴盐为硝酸钴、醋酸钴、硫酸钴中的一种；所述硫源为硫脲、硫代硫酸钠中的一种；所述溶剂为水和/或醇。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的新型锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述醇为甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇中的一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的新型锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤一中，所述钴盐的浓度为0.01～1mol/L，所述2‐甲基咪唑的浓度为0.01～4mol/L，所述硫源的浓度为0.01～3mol/L。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的新型锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤二中，所述搅拌速率为60～1000rpm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的新型锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤三中，S‐ZIF‐67前驱体与氧化石墨烯粉的混合方式为球磨，球粉比为10～20：1，转速为150～250r/min，球磨时间为1～24h。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的新型锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤三中，惰性气体为氢气、氩气、氮气中的其中一种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的新型锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤三中，S‐ZIF‐67前驱体与氧化石墨烯的质量比为1：0.1～10。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的新型锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤三中，S‐ZIF‐67前驱体与氧化石墨烯的质量比为1：1～3。
  10. 一种新型锂离子电池负极材料，采用权利要求1‐9中任一项所述的新型锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法制成。
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