WO2022012358A1 - 一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法及浸胶反应釜 - Google Patents

一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法及浸胶反应釜 Download PDF

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WO2022012358A1
WO2022012358A1 PCT/CN2021/104435 CN2021104435W WO2022012358A1 WO 2022012358 A1 WO2022012358 A1 WO 2022012358A1 CN 2021104435 W CN2021104435 W CN 2021104435W WO 2022012358 A1 WO2022012358 A1 WO 2022012358A1
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aluminum silicate
reaction kettle
silicate fiber
dipping
felt
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PCT/CN2021/104435
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张继承
刘喜宗
姚栋嘉
张东生
董会娜
王征
李静
陈帅
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巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司
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Priority to US18/015,501 priority Critical patent/US20230250020A1/en
Publication of WO2022012358A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012358A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
    • C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
    • C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
    • C01B33/157—After-treatment of gels
    • C01B33/158—Purification; Drying; Dehydrating
    • C01B33/1585—Dehydration into aerogels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
    • C04B14/46—Rock wool ; Ceramic or silicate fibres
    • C04B14/4643—Silicates other than zircon
    • C04B14/4656—Al-silicates, e.g. clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0025—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability obtaining colloidal mortar
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0082—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability making use of a rise in temperature, e.g. caused by an exothermic reaction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
    • F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of aerogel felt, in particular to a preparation method of an aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt and a dipping reaction kettle used in the preparation process.
  • SiO 2 aerogel As a new super thermal insulation material, SiO 2 aerogel has a very low thermal conductivity, which is much lower than the thermal conductivity of static air at room temperature of 0.25W/m ⁇ K, and has thermal insulation effects unmatched by other materials. Low density, waterproof and flame retardant, green environmental protection, anti-corrosion, not easy to age, long service life, known as super thermal insulation material. At present, it is mainly used for thermal insulation of industrial pipelines, industrial furnaces, rescue cabins, transportation, household appliances, glass and other fields.
  • the low porous framework SiO 2 aerogels strength, toughness is poor, the mechanical structure is unstable, severely limits its practical application.
  • the commonly used way to enhance its strength and toughness is to use it with fiber mats or reinforcing materials such as short fibers, whiskers, and carbon nanotubes as skeletons to make aerogel mats/blocks.
  • Fiber reinforcement is the most effective method to improve the mechanical properties of aerogel insulation materials.
  • glass fiber reinforced aerogel felt is widely used, but due to the limitation of its temperature, it can only be used in an environment of less than 400-600 °C.
  • Aerogel felts used in high temperature fields mostly use aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felts, but limited by the characteristics of high brittleness and poor tensile properties of aluminum silicate fibers, it hinders its continuous mass production.
  • Aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt is mostly formed in sheet and plate shape. Because it cannot be bent during use, the use form of aluminum silicate fiber aerogel felt is single, which cannot meet the needs of its use in different occasions. Therefore, on the basis of not affecting the mechanical properties of aluminum silicate fiber felt, It is one of the difficulties of current research to find a method for continuous large-scale preparation of aluminum silicate aerogel felt to meet the application requirements of high-temperature thermal insulation materials.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation method of an aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt, which solves the problems of poor mechanical properties of the aluminum silicate fiber felt and difficulty in large-scale continuous preparation.
  • a preparation method of aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt comprising the following specific steps:
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt is wound into a roll and installed on the central axis of the rotatable dipping reaction kettle.
  • the central axis is parallel to the ground and can be rotated.
  • Several glue injection holes are arranged at equal distances on the surface of the reaction kettle.
  • the central axis of the reaction kettle drives the aluminum silicate fiber mat to rotate while slowly injecting the silica sol obtained in step (1) into the surface of the fiber mat through the glue injection hole for dipping treatment;
  • step (3) aging the fiber mat-gel composite body obtained by dipping in step (2) at 30-60° C. for 8-24 hours;
  • step (3) placing the fiber mat-gel composite obtained in step (3) in absolute ethanol for multiple solvent replacements to remove excess moisture in the fiber mat-gel composite;
  • step (4) The fiber felt-gel composite body obtained in step (4) is dried to obtain the prepared aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt.
  • the orthosilicate is one of ethyl orthosilicate, methyl orthosilicate and isopropyl orthosilicate.
  • the time of the dipping treatment is 12-24 hours.
  • the number of times of solvent replacement is 2 to 3 times, and the time of each replacement is 12 to 36 hours.
  • the dipping reaction kettle comprises a central shaft of the reaction kettle and a reaction kettle body, and a number of glue injection holes are arranged equidistantly on the surface of the reaction kettle body; Wrapped with aluminum silicate fiber roll felt.
  • the inner diameter of the reaction kettle body is 1.2-1.5 times the outer diameter of the aluminum silicate fiber roll felt.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt.
  • the fiber felt is wound on the central axis of a dipping reaction kettle, the reaction kettle is set parallel to the ground, and the injection holes pass through the glue injection holes while rotating.
  • the fiber felt is dipped.
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt can be dipped evenly and softly, avoiding the problem of easy swelling of the silicate fiber felt when the traditional method is directly pressed and soaked.
  • the fiber mat is brittle and has poor mechanical properties.
  • the glue flowing in the traditional dipping process can cause a certain degree of impact on the mat, resulting in the breakage of the aluminum silicate fiber mat and affecting the use effect and performance of the fiber mat.
  • the invention realizes the batch preparation of fiber reinforced aerogel felt in rolls without destroying the structure of the aluminum silicate fiber felt, and the obtained rolled fiber felt can be flattened into sheets or plates according to actual requirements. shape.
  • the preparation process is simple and convenient to operate, has strong controllability and high preparation efficiency.
  • the prepared aluminum silicate fiber felt can meet the requirements for the use of thermal insulation materials in the high temperature field.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of dipping reaction still in the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the plan view along the central axis direction of Fig. 1;
  • a preparation method of aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt comprising the following specific steps:
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt is wound into a roll and installed on the central axis of the rotatable dipping reaction kettle.
  • the central axis is parallel to the ground and can be rotated.
  • Several glue injection holes are arranged at equal distances on the surface of the reaction kettle.
  • the central axis of the reaction kettle drives the aluminum silicate fiber mat to rotate while slowly injecting the silica sol obtained in step (1) into the surface of the fiber mat through the glue injection hole for dipping treatment;
  • step (3) the fiber mat-gel composite body dipped in step (2) is left to age at 30°C for 20h;
  • step (3) placing the fiber mat-gel composite obtained in step (3) in absolute ethanol for multiple solvent replacements to remove excess moisture in the fiber mat-gel composite;
  • step (4) The fiber felt-gel composite body obtained in step (4) is dried to obtain the prepared aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt.
  • step (2) the dipping time is 15h.
  • step (4) the number of times of solvent replacement is 2, and the time of each replacement is 16h.
  • the dipping reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle central axis 1 and a reaction kettle body 2, and a plurality of glue injection holes 3 are arranged equidistantly on the surface of the reaction kettle body 2;
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt 4 is wound on the central axis 1 ; the inner diameter of the reactor body 2 is 1.2 times the outer diameter of the aluminum silicate fiber felt 4 .
  • a preparation method of aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt comprising the following specific steps:
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt is wound into a roll and installed on the central axis of the rotatable dipping reaction kettle.
  • the central axis is parallel to the ground and can be rotated.
  • Several glue injection holes are arranged at equal distances on the surface of the reaction kettle.
  • the central axis of the reaction kettle drives the aluminum silicate fiber mat to rotate while slowly injecting the silica sol obtained in step (1) into the surface of the fiber mat through the glue injection hole for dipping treatment;
  • step (2) The fiber mat-gel composite body dipped in step (2) is left to age at 40°C for 22h;
  • step (3) placing the fiber mat-gel composite obtained in step (3) in absolute ethanol for multiple solvent replacements to remove excess moisture in the fiber mat-gel composite;
  • step (4) The fiber felt-gel composite body obtained in step (4) is dried to obtain the prepared aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt.
  • step (2) the dipping time is 18h.
  • step (4) the number of times of solvent replacement is 3 times, and the time of each replacement is 15h.
  • the dipping reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle central axis 1 and a reaction kettle body 2, and a plurality of glue injection holes 3 are arranged equidistantly on the surface of the reaction kettle body 2;
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt 4 is wound around the central axis 1 ; the inner diameter of the reactor body 2 is 1.3 times the outer diameter of the aluminum silicate fiber felt 4 .
  • a preparation method of aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt comprising the following specific steps:
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt is wound into a roll and installed on the central axis of the rotatable dipping reaction kettle.
  • the central axis is parallel to the ground and can be rotated.
  • Several glue injection holes are arranged at equal distances on the surface of the reaction kettle.
  • the central axis of the reaction kettle drives the aluminum silicate fiber mat to rotate while slowly injecting the silica sol obtained in step (1) into the surface of the fiber mat through the glue injection hole for dipping treatment;
  • step (3) aging the fiber mat-gel composite obtained by dipping in step (2) at 50° C. for 12 hours;
  • step (3) placing the fiber mat-gel composite obtained in step (3) in absolute ethanol for multiple solvent replacements to remove excess moisture in the fiber mat-gel composite;
  • step (4) The fiber felt-gel composite body obtained in step (4) is dried to obtain the prepared aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt.
  • step (2) the dipping time is 20h.
  • step (4) the number of times of solvent replacement is 2, and the time of each replacement is 19h.
  • the dipping reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle central axis 1 and a reaction kettle body 2, and a plurality of glue injection holes 3 are arranged equidistantly on the surface of the reaction kettle body 2;
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt 4 is wound around the central axis 1 ; the inner diameter of the reactor body 2 is 1.4 times the outer diameter of the aluminum silicate fiber felt 4 .
  • a preparation method of aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt comprising the following specific steps:
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt is wound into a roll and installed on the central axis of the rotatable dipping reaction kettle.
  • the central axis is parallel to the ground and can be rotated.
  • Several glue injection holes are arranged at equal distances on the surface of the reaction kettle.
  • the central axis of the reaction kettle drives the aluminum silicate fiber mat to rotate while slowly injecting the silica sol obtained in step (1) into the surface of the fiber mat through the glue injection hole for dipping treatment;
  • step (3) aging the fiber mat-gel composite body dipped in step (2) at 55° C. for 8 hours;
  • step (3) placing the fiber mat-gel composite obtained in step (3) in absolute ethanol for multiple solvent replacements to remove excess moisture in the fiber mat-gel composite;
  • step (4) The fiber felt-gel composite body obtained in step (4) is dried to obtain the prepared aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt.
  • step (2) the dipping time is 21h.
  • step (4) the number of times of solvent replacement is 3 times, and the time of each replacement is 32h.
  • the dipping reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle central axis 1 and a reaction kettle body 2, and a plurality of glue injection holes 3 are arranged equidistantly on the surface of the reaction kettle body 2;
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt 4 is wound on the central axis 1 ; the inner diameter of the reactor body 2 is 1.5 times the outer diameter of the aluminum silicate fiber felt 4 .
  • a preparation method of aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt comprising the following specific steps:
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt is wound into a roll and installed on the central axis of the rotatable dipping reaction kettle.
  • the central axis is parallel to the ground and can be rotated.
  • Several glue injection holes are arranged at equal distances on the surface of the reaction kettle.
  • the central axis of the reaction kettle drives the aluminum silicate fiber mat to rotate while slowly injecting the silica sol obtained in step (1) into the surface of the fiber mat through the glue injection hole for dipping treatment;
  • step (3) aging the fiber mat-gel composite body dipped in step (2) at 60° C. for 15 hours;
  • step (3) placing the fiber mat-gel composite obtained in step (3) in absolute ethanol for multiple solvent replacements to remove excess moisture in the fiber mat-gel composite;
  • step (4) The fiber felt-gel composite body obtained in step (4) is dried to obtain the prepared aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt.
  • step (2) the dipping time is 15h.
  • step (4) the number of times of solvent replacement is 2, and the time of each replacement is 25h.
  • the dipping reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle central axis 1 and a reaction kettle body 2, and a plurality of glue injection holes 3 are arranged equidistantly on the surface of the reaction kettle body 2;
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt 4 is wound around the central axis 1 ; the inner diameter of the reactor body 2 is 1.3 times the outer diameter of the aluminum silicate fiber felt 4 .
  • a preparation method of aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt comprising the following specific steps:
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt is wound into a roll and installed on the central axis of the rotatable dipping reaction kettle.
  • the central axis is parallel to the ground and can be rotated.
  • Several glue injection holes are arranged at equal distances on the surface of the reaction kettle.
  • the central axis of the reaction kettle drives the aluminum silicate fiber mat to rotate while slowly injecting the silica sol obtained in step (1) into the surface of the fiber mat through the glue injection hole for dipping treatment;
  • step (2) The fiber mat-gel composite body dipped in step (2) is left to age at 50°C for 20h;
  • step (3) placing the fiber mat-gel composite obtained in step (3) in absolute ethanol for multiple solvent replacements to remove excess moisture in the fiber mat-gel composite;
  • step (4) The fiber felt-gel composite body obtained in step (4) is dried to obtain the prepared aluminum silicate fiber reinforced aerogel felt.
  • step (2) the dipping time is 20h.
  • step (4) the number of times of solvent replacement is 2, and the time of each replacement is 20h.
  • the dipping reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle central axis 1 and a reaction kettle body 2, and a plurality of glue injection holes 3 are arranged equidistantly on the surface of the reaction kettle body 2;
  • the aluminum silicate fiber felt 4 is wound around the central axis 1 ; the inner diameter of the reactor body 2 is 1.4 times the outer diameter of the aluminum silicate fiber felt 4 .

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  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

提供了一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，包括以下步骤：取正硅酸酯、乙醇和水混合均匀，之后依次加入NH 4F溶液和氨水搅拌均匀，得到二氧化硅溶胶，将硅酸铝纤维毡缠绕成卷安装于可转动的浸胶反应釜的中心轴上，在反应釜表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔，反应釜中心轴带动硅酸铝纤维毡转动，将溶胶通过注胶孔缓慢注入纤维毡表面进行浸胶处理，静置老化，置于无水乙醇中进行溶剂置换，除去水分，干燥处理后得到硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡。还提供一种实施该方法的浸胶反应釜。该方法能够实现对硅酸铝纤维毡均匀柔和的浸胶，在不破坏硅酸铝纤维毡结构的前提下，实现纤维增强气凝胶毡的成卷批量化制备，操作简单方便，可控性强，制备效率高，可实现高温领域对隔热保温材料的使用需求。

Description

一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法及浸胶反应釜
本申请要求于2020年07月11日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010665648.6、发明名称为“一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法及浸胶反应釜”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于气凝胶毡的制备技术领域，具体涉及一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法以及在制备过程中用到的浸胶反应釜。
背景技术
目前，开发新能源、提高现有能源利用率及节约能源已引起各国的高度重视。我国是一个能源贫瘠的国家，因此，合理利用能源、节约能源对我国社会的可持续发展具有重要的意义。采用新技术、新工艺开发环境友好型的隔热保温材料是节约能源最有效、最经济的措施之一。
SiO 2气凝胶作为一种新兴的超级隔热材料，其导热系数极低，远低于常温下静态空气0.25W/m·K的导热系数，具有其他材料无法比拟的隔热保温效果，且密度低、防水阻燃、绿色环保、防腐蚀、不易老化、使用寿命长，被称为超级保温隔热材料。目前主要用于工业管道、工业炉体、救生舱、交通运输、家用电器、玻璃等领域的隔热保温。
但SiO 2气凝胶的多孔骨架强度低、韧性差，力学结构不稳定，严重限制其实际应用。为了解决此问题，目前常用的增强其强度和韧性的方式为将其与纤维毡体或短纤维、晶须、碳纳米管等增强材料作为骨架，制成气凝胶毡/块体。纤维增强是提高气凝胶隔热材料力学性能最有效的方法。目前广泛使用的为玻璃纤维增强气凝胶毡，但受限于其温度的限制，只能在小于400～600℃的环境中使用。高温领域使用的气凝胶毡多采用硅酸铝纤维增强的气凝胶毡，但是受限于硅酸铝纤维脆性大、抗拉性能差的特点，阻碍了其连续化批量化生产，目前的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡多采用片 状、板状成型。由于其在使用过程中不能弯折处理，因此硅酸铝纤维气凝胶毡的使用形态单一，不能满足其在不同场合的使用需求，因此在不影响硅酸铝纤维毡力学性能的基础上，寻找一种可规模化连续化制备硅酸铝气凝胶毡的方法，实现高温隔热材料的应用需求是目前研究的难点之一。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，解决硅酸铝纤维毡力学性能差、难于规模化连续化制备的问题。
本发明为解决技术问题所采取的技术方案如下：
一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：
(1)取正硅酸酯、乙醇和水混合均匀，之后依次加入NH 4F溶液和氨水搅拌均匀，得到二氧化硅溶胶；其中，以摩尔比计，正硅酸酯：乙醇：水＝1：(4～12)：(2～4)；NH 4F溶液的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 4F：正硅酸酯＝(0.002～0.01)：1；氨水的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 3：正硅酸酯＝(0.005～0.015)：1；
(2)将硅酸铝纤维毡缠绕成卷安装于可转动的浸胶反应釜的中心轴上，中心轴平行于地面且可转动，在反应釜表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔，在浸胶过程中反应釜的中心轴带动硅酸铝纤维毡一边转动、一边将步骤(1)得到的二氧化硅溶胶通过注胶孔缓慢注入纤维毡表面进行浸胶处理；
(3)将步骤(2)浸胶完成的纤维毡-凝胶复合体在30～60℃下静置老化8～24h；
(4)将步骤(3)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体置于无水乙醇中进行多次溶剂置换，除去纤维毡-凝胶复合体中多余的水分；
(5)步骤(4)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体进行干燥处理，即得到所制备的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡。
较好地，在步骤(1)中，所述正硅酸酯为正硅酸乙酯、正硅酸甲酯、正硅酸异丙酯中的一种。
较好地，在步骤(2)中，所述浸胶处理的时间为12～24h。
较好地，在步骤(4)中，所述溶剂置换的次数为2～3次，每次置换的时间为12～36h。
较好地，在步骤(2)中，所述的浸胶反应釜包括反应釜中心轴和反应釜体，在所述反应釜体表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔；所述中心轴上缠绕有硅酸铝纤维卷毡。
较好地，所述反应釜体的内径是所述硅酸铝纤维卷毡外径的1.2～1.5倍。
本发明的积极有益效果如下：
本发明提供了一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，通过将纤维毡卷绕在浸胶反应釜的中心轴上，反应釜平行于地面设置，一边转动一边通过注胶孔对纤维毡进行浸胶处理，通过该工艺能够实现对硅酸铝纤维毡均匀柔和的浸胶，避免了传统方法直接按压浸泡注胶时对硅酸盐纤维毡容易造成溶胀的问题，由于硅酸铝纤维毡的脆性大、力学性能差，传统浸胶过程中流动的胶液能够对毡体造成一定程度的冲击，导致硅酸铝纤维毡的破碎，影响纤维毡体的使用效果和性能。
本发明实现了在不破坏硅酸铝纤维毡结构的前提下，实现纤维增强气凝胶毡的成卷批量化制备，得到的卷状纤维毡可以根据实际需求通过展平等做成片状或板状。该制备过程操作简单方便，可控性强，制备效率高。制备得到的硅酸铝纤维毡可实现高温领域对隔热保温材料的使用需求。
附图说明
图1为本发明中浸胶反应釜的结构示意图；
图2为图1的俯视图；
图3为图1沿中心轴方向的刨面图；
图中：1---中心轴，2---反应釜体，3---浸胶孔，4---纤维卷毡。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例和附图，对本发明做进一步的解释和说明。应当理解，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：
(1)取正硅酸乙酯、乙醇和水混合均匀，之后依次加入NH 4F溶液和氨水搅拌均匀，得到二氧化硅溶胶；其中，以摩尔比计，正硅酸乙酯：乙醇：水＝1：5：2；NH 4F溶液的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 4F：正硅酸乙酯 ＝0.003：1；氨水的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 3：正硅酸乙酯＝0.006：1；
(2)将硅酸铝纤维毡缠绕成卷安装于可转动的浸胶反应釜的中心轴上，中心轴平行于地面且可转动，在反应釜表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔，在浸胶过程中反应釜的中心轴带动硅酸铝纤维毡一边转动、一边将步骤(1)得到的二氧化硅溶胶通过注胶孔缓慢注入纤维毡表面进行浸胶处理；
(3)将步骤(2)浸胶完成的纤维毡-凝胶复合体在30℃下静置老化20h；
(4)将步骤(3)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体置于无水乙醇中进行多次溶剂置换，除去纤维毡-凝胶复合体中多余的水分；
(5)步骤(4)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体进行干燥处理，即得到所制备的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡。
在步骤(2)中，浸胶时间为15h。
在步骤(4)中，溶剂置换次数为2次，每次置换的时间为16h。
在步骤(2)中，参见图1、图2和图3，浸胶反应釜包括反应釜中心轴1和反应釜体2，在反应釜体2表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔3；在中心轴1上缠绕有硅酸铝纤维卷毡4；反应釜体2的内径是硅酸铝纤维卷毡4外径的1.2倍。
实施例2
一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：
(1)取正硅酸甲酯、乙醇和水混合均匀，之后依次加入NH 4F溶液和氨水搅拌均匀，得到二氧化硅溶胶；其中，以摩尔比计，正硅酸甲酯：乙醇：水＝1：5：2；NH 4F溶液的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 4F：正硅酸甲酯＝0.005：1；氨水的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 3：正硅酸甲酯＝0.008：1；
(2)将硅酸铝纤维毡缠绕成卷安装于可转动的浸胶反应釜的中心轴上，中心轴平行于地面且可转动，在反应釜表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔，在浸胶过程中反应釜的中心轴带动硅酸铝纤维毡一边转动、一边将步骤(1)得到的二氧化硅溶胶通过注胶孔缓慢注入纤维毡表面进行浸胶处理；
(3)将步骤(2)浸胶完成的纤维毡-凝胶复合体在40℃下静置老化 22h；
(4)将步骤(3)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体置于无水乙醇中进行多次溶剂置换，除去纤维毡-凝胶复合体中多余的水分；
(5)步骤(4)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体进行干燥处理，即得到所制备的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡。
在步骤(2)中，浸胶时间为18h。
在步骤(4)中，溶剂置换次数为3次，每次置换的时间为15h。
在步骤(2)中，参见图1、图2和图3，浸胶反应釜包括反应釜中心轴1和反应釜体2，在反应釜体2表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔3；在中心轴1上缠绕有硅酸铝纤维卷毡4；反应釜体2的内径是硅酸铝纤维卷毡4外径的1.3倍。
实施例3
一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：
(1)取正硅酸异丙酯、乙醇和水混合均匀，之后依次加入NH 4F溶液和氨水搅拌均匀，得到二氧化硅溶胶；其中，以摩尔比计，正硅酸异丙酯：乙醇：水＝1：8：4；NH 4F溶液的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 4F：正硅酸异丙酯＝0.006：1；氨水的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 3：正硅酸异丙酯＝0.009：1；
(2)将硅酸铝纤维毡缠绕成卷安装于可转动的浸胶反应釜的中心轴上，中心轴平行于地面且可转动，在反应釜表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔，在浸胶过程中反应釜的中心轴带动硅酸铝纤维毡一边转动、一边将步骤(1)得到的二氧化硅溶胶通过注胶孔缓慢注入纤维毡表面进行浸胶处理；
(3)将步骤(2)浸胶完成的纤维毡-凝胶复合体在50℃下静置老化12h；
(4)将步骤(3)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体置于无水乙醇中进行多次溶剂置换，除去纤维毡-凝胶复合体中多余的水分；
(5)步骤(4)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体进行干燥处理，即得到所制备的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡。
在步骤(2)中，浸胶时间为20h。
在步骤(4)中，溶剂置换次数为2次，每次置换的时间为19h。
在步骤(2)中，参见图1、图2和图3，浸胶反应釜包括反应釜中心轴1和反应釜体2，在反应釜体2表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔3；在中心轴1上缠绕有硅酸铝纤维卷毡4；反应釜体2的内径是硅酸铝纤维卷毡4外径的1.4倍。
实施例4
一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：
(1)取正硅酸甲酯、乙醇和水混合均匀，之后依次加入NH 4F溶液和氨水搅拌均匀，得到二氧化硅溶胶；其中，以摩尔比计，正硅酸甲酯：乙醇：水＝1：9：3；NH 4F溶液的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 4F：正硅酸甲酯＝0.008：1；氨水的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 3：正硅酸甲酯＝0.012：1；
(2)将硅酸铝纤维毡缠绕成卷安装于可转动的浸胶反应釜的中心轴上，中心轴平行于地面且可转动，在反应釜表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔，在浸胶过程中反应釜的中心轴带动硅酸铝纤维毡一边转动、一边将步骤(1)得到的二氧化硅溶胶通过注胶孔缓慢注入纤维毡表面进行浸胶处理；
(3)将步骤(2)浸胶完成的纤维毡-凝胶复合体在55℃下静置老化8h；
(4)将步骤(3)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体置于无水乙醇中进行多次溶剂置换，除去纤维毡-凝胶复合体中多余的水分；
(5)步骤(4)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体进行干燥处理，即得到所制备的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡。
在步骤(2)中，浸胶时间为21h。
在步骤(4)中，溶剂置换次数为3次，每次置换的时间为32h。
在步骤(2)中，参见图1、图2和图3，浸胶反应釜包括反应釜中心轴1和反应釜体2，在反应釜体2表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔3；在中心轴1上缠绕有硅酸铝纤维卷毡4；反应釜体2的内径是硅酸铝纤维卷毡4外径的1.5倍。
实施例5
一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：
(1)取正硅酸乙酯、乙醇和水混合均匀，之后依次加入NH 4F溶液和氨水搅拌均匀，得到二氧化硅溶胶；其中，以摩尔比计，正硅酸乙酯：乙醇：水＝1：7：3；NH 4F溶液的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 4F：正硅酸乙酯＝0.007：1；氨水的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 3：正硅酸乙酯＝0.013：1；
(2)将硅酸铝纤维毡缠绕成卷安装于可转动的浸胶反应釜的中心轴上，中心轴平行于地面且可转动，在反应釜表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔，在浸胶过程中反应釜的中心轴带动硅酸铝纤维毡一边转动、一边将步骤(1)得到的二氧化硅溶胶通过注胶孔缓慢注入纤维毡表面进行浸胶处理；
(3)将步骤(2)浸胶完成的纤维毡-凝胶复合体在60℃下静置老化15h；
(4)将步骤(3)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体置于无水乙醇中进行多次溶剂置换，除去纤维毡-凝胶复合体中多余的水分；
(5)步骤(4)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体进行干燥处理，即得到所制备的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡。
在步骤(2)中，浸胶时间为15h。
在步骤(4)中，溶剂置换次数为2次，每次置换的时间为25h。
在步骤(2)中，参见图1、图2和图3，浸胶反应釜包括反应釜中心轴1和反应釜体2，在反应釜体2表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔3；在中心轴1上缠绕有硅酸铝纤维卷毡4；反应釜体2的内径是硅酸铝纤维卷毡4外径的1.3倍。
实施例6
一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：
(1)取正硅酸异丙酯、乙醇和水混合均匀，之后依次加入NH 4F溶液和氨水搅拌均匀，得到二氧化硅溶胶；其中，以摩尔比计，正硅酸异丙酯：乙醇：水＝1：10：4；NH 4F溶液的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 4F：正硅酸异丙酯＝0.009：1；氨水的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 3：正硅酸异丙酯＝0.007：1；
(2)将硅酸铝纤维毡缠绕成卷安装于可转动的浸胶反应釜的中心轴上，中心轴平行于地面且可转动，在反应釜表面等距离设置有若干个注胶 孔，在浸胶过程中反应釜的中心轴带动硅酸铝纤维毡一边转动、一边将步骤(1)得到的二氧化硅溶胶通过注胶孔缓慢注入纤维毡表面进行浸胶处理；
(3)将步骤(2)浸胶完成的纤维毡-凝胶复合体在50℃下静置老化20h；
(4)将步骤(3)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体置于无水乙醇中进行多次溶剂置换，除去纤维毡-凝胶复合体中多余的水分；
(5)步骤(4)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体进行干燥处理，即得到所制备的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡。
在步骤(2)中，浸胶时间为20h。
在步骤(4)中，溶剂置换次数为2次，每次置换的时间为20h。
在步骤(2)中，参见图1、图2和图3，浸胶反应釜包括反应釜中心轴1和反应釜体2，在反应釜体2表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔3；在中心轴1上缠绕有硅酸铝纤维卷毡4；反应釜体2的内径是硅酸铝纤维卷毡4外径的1.4倍。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
    (1)取正硅酸酯、乙醇和水混合均匀，之后依次加入NH 4F溶液和氨水搅拌均匀，得到二氧化硅溶胶；其中，以摩尔比计，正硅酸酯：乙醇：水＝1：(4～12)：(2～4)；NH 4F溶液的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 4F：正硅酸酯＝(0.002～0.01)：1；氨水的加入量以摩尔比计，NH 3：正硅酸酯＝(0.005～0.015)：1；
    (2)将硅酸铝纤维毡缠绕成卷安装于可转动的浸胶反应釜的中心轴上，中心轴平行于地面且可转动，在反应釜表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔，在浸胶过程中反应釜的中心轴带动硅酸铝纤维毡一边转动、一边将步骤(1)得到的二氧化硅溶胶通过注胶孔缓慢注入纤维毡表面进行浸胶处理；
    (3)将步骤(2)浸胶完成的纤维毡-凝胶复合体在30～60℃下静置老化8～24h；
    (4)将步骤(3)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体置于无水乙醇中进行多次溶剂置换，除去纤维毡-凝胶复合体中多余的水分；
    (5)将步骤(4)所得到的纤维毡-凝胶复合体进行干燥处理，得到所述的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤(1)中，所述正硅酸酯为正硅酸乙酯、正硅酸甲酯、正硅酸异丙酯中的一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤(2)中，所述浸胶处理的时间为12～24h。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤(4)中，所述溶剂置换次数为2～3次，每次置换的时间为12～36h。
  5. 权利要求1中所述的浸胶反应釜，其特征在于，所述浸胶反应釜包括反应釜中心轴(1)和反应釜体(2)，在所述反应釜体(2)表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔(3)；所述反应釜中心轴(1)上缠绕有硅酸铝纤 维卷毡(4)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的浸胶反应釜，其特征在于，所述反应釜体(2)的内径是所述硅酸铝纤维卷毡(4)外径的1.2～1.5倍。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，其特征在于，所述浸胶反应釜包括反应釜中心轴(1)和反应釜体(2)，在所述反应釜体(2)表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔(3)；硅酸铝纤维卷毡(4)缠绕在所述反应釜中心轴(1)上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法，其特征在于，所述反应釜体(2)的内径是所述硅酸铝纤维卷毡(4)外径的1.2～1.5倍。
  9. 一种权利要求1～4或7～8任一项所述的硅酸铝纤维增强气凝胶毡的制备方法使用的浸胶反应釜，其特征在于，所述浸胶反应釜包括反应釜中心轴(1)和反应釜体(2)，在所述反应釜体(2)表面等距离设置有若干个注胶孔(3)。
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