WO2021261692A1 - 알칼리 기반 프로모터가 도입된 연료극을 포함하는 고체 산화물 연료전지 - Google Patents
알칼리 기반 프로모터가 도입된 연료극을 포함하는 고체 산화물 연료전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021261692A1 WO2021261692A1 PCT/KR2020/019414 KR2020019414W WO2021261692A1 WO 2021261692 A1 WO2021261692 A1 WO 2021261692A1 KR 2020019414 W KR2020019414 W KR 2020019414W WO 2021261692 A1 WO2021261692 A1 WO 2021261692A1
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- anode
- fuel cell
- solid oxide
- oxide fuel
- alkali metal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8621—Porous electrodes containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8684—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell having improved performance by introducing an alkali-based promoter into an anode.
- a solid oxide fuel cell is an energy conversion device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy, and includes an oxygen ion conductive electrolyte and a cathode and an anode positioned on both sides thereof.
- the solid oxide fuel cell operates at a high temperature
- research is being conducted to lower the operating temperature, which is generally related to the performance of the cathode and the anode.
- the cathode various materials having high electron-ion conductivity have been developed, but in the case of the anode, an excellent material to replace Ni has not been developed so far.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solid oxide fuel cell with improved performance by introducing an alkali-based promoter into an anode.
- the present invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell comprising an air electrode, an anode, and an electrolyte between the cathode and the anode, and includes a promoter in at least a partial region of pores of the anode, and the promoter provides an alkali metal compound, a solid oxide fuel cell.
- the solid oxide fuel cell operates at a high temperature, in order to lower the operating temperature, in particular, the performance of the cathode and the anode should be improved, and the present invention is characterized in that the performance of the anode is improved.
- the performance of the anode is improved by introducing an alkali metal precursor while using the material or shape of the anode as it is.
- the 'promoter' used in the present invention is used to improve the performance of the anode, and is introduced into the anode to improve the performance without inhibiting the composition or shape of the anode, and from this point of view, in the present invention,
- the component is referred to as a 'promoter'.
- the promoter according to the present invention exists in the pores of the anode, so that when the solid oxide fuel cell is operated, a gas injected into the anode, for example, hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel, comes into contact with the promoter. Therefore, "including the promoter in at least a partial region of the pores of the anode" of the present invention means that the promoter is inserted into at least some regions of the pores of the anode, and the gas injected into the anode when the solid oxide fuel cell operates means that the promoter can be in contact with the pores in the anode. Meanwhile, a method of introducing the promoter into the anode will be described later.
- the promoter refers to an alkali metal compound.
- the alkali metal compound means an alkali metal oxide, an alkali metal hydroxide, or a combination thereof.
- the alkali metal of the alkali metal compound is M
- the alkali metal oxide may be represented by M 2 O
- the alkali metal hydroxide may be represented by MOH.
- the alkali metal (M) include lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), or cesium (Cs).
- the promoter exists in the pores of the anode and is in contact with the anode at the same time, and partially oxidizes the surface of the anode, and when moisture is injected into the pores of the anode, it has the effect of adsorbing a large amount of moisture to the surface of the anode. indicates. Accordingly, a strong bond between the anode and the hydrogen injected into the anode is relieved to promote the oxidation reaction of hydrogen in the anode, and also serves to improve the performance of the anode by expanding the area where the hydrogen reacts. In addition, deposition of carbon on the anode when the solid oxide fuel cell operates can also be suppressed.
- the anode is preferably a metal-ceramic composite anode. More preferably, the metal of the metal-ceramic composite is Ni. Most preferably, the anode is a composite of Ni and Gd doped CeO 2 (GDC).
- the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention has a lower electrode resistance than the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell that does not include the promoter because the promoter is introduced.
- the comparison of the electrode resistance means that the remaining conditions, for example, the configuration and operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, are the same except for the introduction of the promoter.
- the electrode resistance of the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell is 10% or less, more preferably 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% compared to the electrode resistance of the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell not including the promoter. % or less, 60% or less, 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less, 10% or less, 9% or less, 8% or less, 7% or less, 6% or less, or 5% or less.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the above-described solid oxide fuel cell. Specifically, injecting an alkali metal precursor into at least a partial region of the pores of the anode (step 1); and generating the promoter from the alkali metal precursor (step 2).
- a method of generating a promoter from the alkali metal precursor through a chemical reaction after injecting the alkali metal precursor into at least a partial region of the pores of the anode is used.
- the alkali metal precursor is a carbonate of an alkali metal or a nitrate of an alkali metal.
- the alkali metal is M
- examples of the alkali metal (M) include lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), or cesium (Cs), and the alkali metal
- the carbonate of M 2 CO 3 and the nitrate of the alkali metal may be represented as MNO 3 .
- the step 1 is performed by applying a solution containing the alkali metal precursor to the surface of the anode or immersing the anode in a solution containing the alkali metal precursor.
- a solution including the alkali metal precursor may be injected into the pores of the anode.
- step 1 may be performed by injecting a solution containing the alkali metal precursor into a gas line for injecting fuel into the anode.
- the solid oxide fuel cell has a gas line for injecting fuel into the anode.
- the solution containing the alkali metal precursor may be injected into the pores of the anode. .
- This method has the advantage that the cell of the solid oxide fuel cell can be applied during operation.
- step 1 may be performed by bonding a current collector including the alkali metal precursor to the surface of the anode.
- the alkali metal precursor may be included in the current collector, resulting in introduction of the alkali metal precursor into the anode.
- the precursor of the alkali metal may be applied in a powder form as well as a solvent form. This method has the advantage that it can be applied dryly in the process of manufacturing the solid oxide fuel cell.
- step 2 is performed by injecting fuel or moisture into a gas line for injecting fuel into the anode.
- fuel or moisture When fuel or moisture is injected as described above, it reacts with the alkali metal precursor present in the pores of the anode, and accordingly, the alkali metal precursor is converted into the aforementioned promoter.
- the fuel contains hydrogen.
- the configuration of the conventionally applied solid oxide fuel cell may be applied to the configuration except for using the anode of the present invention as described above.
- the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell can be significantly improved without changing the material or shape of the anode.
- Example 1 shows XPS results according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- Example 2 shows the shape and sectional drawing of the Half Cell used in Example 2 of this invention.
- Figure 3 shows the performance evaluation in the half cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 schematically shows a method of injecting a promoter into Half Cell in Example 3 of the present invention.
- Figure 5 shows the performance evaluation in the half cell according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 6 shows the performance evaluation in the Full Cell according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- GDC (10% Gd doped CeO 2 ) Powder was molded and then sintered at 1450° C. for 5 hours. After that, the surface was flattened using sandpaper to prepare a GDC specimen.
- the sintered GDC specimen was screened on both sides by screen printing technique. After application, it was sintered at 1400° C. for 10 hours. Finally, reduction heat treatment was performed at 650° C. in a 4% hydrogen atmosphere (4% H 2 + 96% Ar) to finally prepare a porous Ni-GDC electrode (thickness of about 8 um).
- the microstructure of the prepared half cell was as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the method of directly injecting 2 mL of an aqueous solution (0.1 M) in which CsNO 3 is dissolved in the half cell (0.1 M) into the gas line is directly injected into the gas line in the process of loading the half cell of step 1 of Example 2 into the measurement system and driving it. It was applied to evaluate the performance.
- a mixed powder for preparing an anode was prepared by using NiO and GDC in a mass ratio of 6:4 through a ball mill (72 hours, 200 rpm). A small amount (about 0.4 g) of the prepared mixed powder was subdivided to prepare a molded article by uniaxial pressure (2 MPa) using a mold and a compressor. After that, it was pre-sintered by heat treatment at 900°C for 1 hour.
- GDC powder was mixed with an ethanol-based solvent containing a dispersant and a binder through a ball mill (48 hours, 180 rpm), and then an electrolyte layer was laminated on the electrolyte by drop coating technique. After that, it was heat-treated at 1500° C.
- the cathode manufacturing material (PrBa 0.5 Sr 0.5 Ce 1.5 Fe 0.5 O 5+ ⁇ ) was made into a cathode layer by screen printing technique, and then sintered at 900°C for 10 hours to produce a cathode with a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, and finally a full cell was prepared.
- the performance was improved by about 19% at an operating temperature of 450° C. depending on whether or not a promoter was applied.
- the performance improvement by the promoter was remarkable.
- it showed a high performance improvement of 50% or more at 400°C or lower, which is a mid-low temperature region.
- This method is applicable as a dry method for manufacturing and loading solid oxide fuel cells.
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Abstract
Description
온도 | 대조군 (일반 Full Cell) 최대성능 | Promoter 적용 Full Cell 최대성능 | 성능개선 |
300℃ | 7 mW/cm2 | 12 mW/cm2 | +71% |
350℃ | 25 mW/cm2 | 44 mW/cm2 | +76% |
400℃ | 76 mW/cm2 | 117 mW/cm2 | +54% |
450℃ | 193 mW/cm2 | 229 mW/cm2 | +19% |
500℃ | 393 mW/cm2 | 391 mW/cm2 | - |
Claims (13)
- 공기극, 연료극 및 상기 공기극과 연료극 사이의 전해질을 포함하는 고체 산화물 연료전지에 있어서,상기 연료극의 기공의 적어도 일부 영역에 프로모터(promoter)를 포함하고,상기 프로모터는 알칼리 금속 화합물인,고체 산화물 연료전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 알칼리 금속 화합물은 알칼리 금속 산화물, 알칼리 금속 수산화물, 또는 이의 조합인,고체 산화물 연료전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 알칼리 금속은 리튬(Li), 나트륨(Na), 칼륨(K), 또는 세슘(Cs)인,고체 산화물 연료전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 프로모터는 M2O, MOH, 또는 이들의 조합이고,상기 M은 리튬(Li), 나트륨(Na), 칼륨(K), 또는 세슘(Cs)인,고체 산화물 연료전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 연료극은 금속-세라믹 복합체 연료극인,고체 산화물 연료전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 고체 산화물 연료전지의 연료극은, 상기 프로모터를 포함하지 않는 고체 산화물 연료전지의 연료극에 비하여 전극 저항이 낮은,고체 산화물 연료전지.
- 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항의 고체 산화물 연료전지의 제조 방법에 있어서,상기 연료극의 기공의 적어도 일부 영역에 알칼리 금속 전구체를 주입하는 단계(단계 1); 및상기 알칼리 금속 전구체로부터 상기 프로모터를 생성하는 단계(단계 2)를 포함하는,고체 산화물 연료전지의 제조 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 알칼리 금속의 전구체는 알칼리 금속의 탄산염 또는 알칼리 금속의 질산염인,고체 산화물 연료전지의 제조 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 알칼리 금속의 전구체는 M2CO3, 또는 MNO3이고,상기 M은 리튬(Li), 나트륨(Na), 칼륨(K), 또는 세슘(Cs)인,고체 산화물 연료전지의 제조 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 단계 1은, 상기 연료극의 표면에 상기 알칼리 금속의 전구체를 포함하는 용액을 도포하거나, 또는 상기 알칼리 금속의 전구체를 포함하는 용액에 상기 연료극을 침지하는,고체 산화물 연료전지.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 단계 1은, 상기 연료극에 연료를 주입하는 가스라인에 상기 알칼리 금속의 전구체를 포함하는 용액을 주입하는,고체 산화물 연료전지.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 단계 1은, 상기 연료극 표면에 상기 알칼리 금속의 전구체를 포함하는 집전체를 접착하는,고체 산화물 연료전지.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 단계 2는, 상기 연료극에 연료를 주입하는 가스라인에 연료 또는 수분을 주입하는,고체 산화물 연료전지.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA3131876A CA3131876C (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-12-30 | Solid oxide fuel cell comprising anode alkaline-based promoter loaded |
CN202080023185.1A CN114190079A (zh) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-12-30 | 包含负载的阳极碱基促进剂的固体氧化物燃料电池 |
US17/438,485 US20230138222A1 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-12-30 | Solid oxide fuel cell comprising anode alkaline-based promoter loaded |
JP2021562327A JP7275313B2 (ja) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-12-30 | アルカリベースのプロモーターが導入された燃料極を含む固体酸化物燃料電池 |
DE112020001817.2T DE112020001817T5 (de) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-12-30 | Festoxid-Brennstoffzelle, umfassend eine mit alkalibasiertem Promotor beladene Anode |
US18/659,291 US20240297320A1 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2024-05-09 | Solid oxide fuel cell comprising anode alkaline-based promoter loaded |
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KR1020200077017A KR102369060B1 (ko) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-06-24 | 알칼리 기반 프로모터가 도입된 연료극을 포함하는 고체 산화물 연료전지 |
KR10-2020-0077017 | 2020-06-24 |
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US18/659,291 Division US20240297320A1 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2024-05-09 | Solid oxide fuel cell comprising anode alkaline-based promoter loaded |
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JP2012094365A (ja) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-17 | Kikusui Chemical Industries Co Ltd | 固体酸化物形燃料電池用単セル |
KR20140096310A (ko) * | 2011-10-24 | 2014-08-05 | 테크니칼 유니버시티 오브 덴마크 | 고체 산화물 전기화학 전지를 위한 고 성능 연료 전극 |
KR20180043843A (ko) * | 2015-09-14 | 2018-04-30 | 엘코겐 오와이 | 고체 산화물 전지들의 구조 플레이트들을 위한 보호 장치 및 상기 보호 장치를 형성하는 방법 |
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