CN111224139B - 一种复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池及制备 - Google Patents

一种复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池及制备 Download PDF

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CN111224139B
CN111224139B CN201811431673.7A CN201811431673A CN111224139B CN 111224139 B CN111224139 B CN 111224139B CN 201811431673 A CN201811431673 A CN 201811431673A CN 111224139 B CN111224139 B CN 111224139B
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程谟杰
戚惠颖
赵哲
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池,所述燃料电池由阴极多孔层、电解质多孔层、阳极多孔层与阴极致密层、阳极致密层五部分组成。其中,阴极多孔层和阳极多孔层起气体传输和表面催化作用;阴极致密层和阳极致密层起阻隔气体、改善界面连接作用;电解质多孔层起传导离子、阻隔电子作用。该复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池可将制备温度降至1200℃‑1300℃,突破传统质子型电解质高温难烧结及界面电阻大等问题,从而降低制备成本,扩大其应用范围。

Description

一种复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池及制备
技术领域
本发明属于固体氧化物燃料电池领域,具体涉及一种复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池。
背景技术
传统固体氧化物燃料电池以氧离子为载流子,运行温度较高(800℃-1000℃)存在密封困难、启停时间长、各部件扩散反应严重等问题。以质子为载流子固体氧化物燃料电池,质子理论传输活化能较氧离子低三个数量级,运行温度可降至350℃-550℃之间,因而在中低温固体氧化燃料电池温度方向极具潜力。目前质子陶瓷膜燃料电池主要以掺杂BaCeO3基、BaZrO3基等为电解质,其本征质子电导高,但烧结活性较差,例如纯BZY烧结温度通常在1700℃-2200℃之间,过高的烧结温度既浪费能源,又导致Ba挥发严重,影响电解质的实际离子电导率。另外,质子陶瓷膜电解质大都为碱性氧化物,存在酸性气氛下稳定性差问题。常见低温制备质子陶瓷膜方法:一方面添加助剂,利用液相烧结促进电解质致密,但该方法易在晶界存留杂相而增大晶界电阻,降低电池性能;另一方面,脉冲激光沉积、磁控溅射、化学气相沉积等方法已应用制备质子陶瓷膜,但操作复杂,成本较高,不利于批量生产。综上所述,本领域需要设计一种可在低温下(1200℃-1300℃)烧结成型且稳定性较高的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池。
发明内容
为解决质子陶瓷膜燃料电池烧结性与长期稳定性问题,从而降低制备成本与能耗,实现批量生产,本发明提出一种复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池,所述质子陶瓷膜燃料电池由多孔阴极多孔层、电解质多孔层、阳极多孔层及阴极致密层、阳极致密层五部分组成。
所述的复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池,阴极多孔层与阳极多孔层厚度为500微米~800微米,孔隙率为55%~65%,起到气体传输和催化反应作用;电解质层厚度为10微米~20微米,起到传输离子阻隔电子作用。
所述的复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池,电解质多孔层组成为BCY、BZY、BCZY、BCZYYb中的一种或两种;阳极组成为NiO与电解质混合物,质量比为60:40;阴极组成为BSCF、LSCF、BCF中的一种。
所述的复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池,阴极致密层、阳极致密层与阴极多孔层、阳极多孔层组成相同,厚度为2微米~5微米。
所述的复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池,其阴极致密层、阳极致密层与电解质多孔层采用流延-三层共烧法制备,在1150℃~1250℃下共烧5h~8h;阴极多孔层、阳极多孔层采用丝网印刷法制备,在750℃~950℃下烧结2h~3h。
所述的复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池,阴极致密层、阳极致密层与电解质多孔层的流延浆料中粉体:鱼油:PVB胶:有机溶剂质量比为30:0.4:24:20,有机溶剂为乙醇,正丁醇,甲苯中的一种或两种,体积比为1:1。
所述的复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池,其特征在于阴极多孔层、阳极多孔层的丝网印刷浆料中粉体:有机溶剂质量比为10:3,有机溶剂为含质量分数为3%~9%的乙基纤维素的松油醇。
本发明的有益效果是:质子陶瓷膜电解质以质子为载流子,传输活化能低,低温下仍满足性能要求;采用复合型结构可降低烧结温度,简化制备工艺,利于大规模生产与应用;另外,阴极致密层与阳极致密层可降低界面电阻,有效隔绝反应气,从而提高稳定性,得到性能较高的复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池。
其中,阴极多孔层和阳极多孔层起气体传输和表面催化作用;阴极致密层和阳极致密层起阻隔气体、改善界面连接作用;电解质多孔层起传导离子、阻隔电子作用。该复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池可将制备温度降至1200℃-1300℃,突破传统质子型电解质高温难烧结及界面电阻大等问题,从而降低制备成本,扩大其应用范围。
具体实施方式
实施例1
按照流延浆料配方分别制备阴极、电解质及阳极浆料,流延所得三层层叠的BSCF/BZY/BZY-NiO共烧于1200℃下8h,得到致密度分别为96.3%和92.0%,厚度为2微米的阴极致密层与阳极致密层。将预先制备的阴极与阳极丝网印刷浆料分别涂覆在致密层表面,室温下干燥8h后,在700℃下烧结2h后,阴极多孔层与阳极多孔层厚度为600微米,电解质多孔层厚度为15微米,得到五层层叠的BSCF/BSCF/BZY/BZY/BZY-NiO/BZY-NiO复合结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池。测试电池性能的工作条件为:含以高纯H2为燃料气,流量为10mL/min;空气为氧化剂,流量为10mL/min,500℃开路电压为1.223V,功率可达到234mW·cm2
实施例2
按照流延浆料配方分别制备阴极、电解质及阳极浆料,流延所得三层层叠的BZY/BCZY/BCZY-NiO共烧于1150℃下8h,得到致密度分别为97.1%和90.0%,厚度为3微米的阴极致密层与阳极致密层。将预先制备的阴极与阳极丝网印刷浆料分别涂覆在致密层表面,室温下干燥5h后,在800℃下烧结5h后,阴极多孔层与阳极多孔层厚度为650微米,电解质多孔层厚度为10微米,得到LSCF/LSCF/BZY/BCZY/BCZY-NiO/BCZY-NiO复合结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池。测试电池性能的工作条件为:含以高纯H2为燃料气,流量为10mL/min;空气为氧化剂,流量为10mL/min,550℃开路电压为1.273V,功率可达到174mW·cm2
实施例3
按照流延浆料配方分别制备阴极、电解质及阳极浆料,流延所得三层层叠的BSC/BCZYYb/BZY-NiO共烧于1250℃下4h,得到致密度分别为96.3%和92.0%,厚度为4微米的阴极致密层与阳极致密层。将预先制备的阴极与阳极丝网印刷浆料分别涂覆在致密层表面,室温下干燥3h后,在750℃下烧结2h后,阴极多孔层与阳极多孔层厚度为800微米,电解质多孔层厚度为20微米,得到五层层叠的BSC/BSC/BCZYYb/BZY-NiO/BZY-NiO复合结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池。测试电池性能的工作条件为:含以高纯H2为燃料气,流量为8mL/min;空气为氧化剂,流量为8mL/min,500℃开路电压为1.1983V,功率可达到354mW·cm2

Claims (6)

1.一种复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池,其特征在于:所述质子陶瓷膜燃料电池包括阴极多孔层、电解质多孔层、阳极多孔层及阴极致密层、阳极致密层五部分;由阴极多孔层、阴极致密层、电解质多孔层、阳极致密层、阳极多孔层层叠构成;阴极致密层与阴极多孔层组成相同、阳极致密层与阳极多孔层组成相同,阴极致密层、阳极致密层厚度分别为2微米~5微米。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池,其特征在于:阴极多孔层与阳极多孔层厚度为500微米~800微米,孔隙率为55%~65%,起到气体传输与催化反应作用;电解质多孔层厚度为10微米~20微米,孔隙率为78%~86%,起到传输离子阻隔电子作用。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池,其特征在于:电解质多孔层组成为BCY、BZY、BCZY、BCZYYb中的一种或两种以上;阳极多孔层组成为NiO与电解质混合物,质量比为60:40,电解质为BCY、BZY、BCZY、BCZYYb中的一种或两种以上;阴极多孔层组成为BSCF、LSCF、BCF中的一种或两种以上。
4.一种权利要求1-2所述的复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池的制备方法,其特征在于:阴极致密层、阳极致密层与电解质多孔层采用流延-三层共烧法制备,在1200℃~1300℃下共烧5h~8h;阴极多孔层、阳极多孔层采用丝网印刷法制备,在750℃~950℃下烧结2h~3h。
5.如权利要求4所述的复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池的制备方法,其特征在于:阴极致密层、阳极致密层与电解质多孔层的流延浆料中粉体:鱼油:PVB胶:有机溶剂质量比为30:0.4:24:20,有机溶剂为乙醇,正丁醇,甲苯中的一种或两种,两种体积比为1:1。
6.如权利要求4所述的复合型结构的质子陶瓷膜燃料电池的制备方法,其特征在于:阴极多孔层、阳极多孔层的丝网印刷浆料中粉体:有机溶剂质量比为10:3,有机溶剂为含质量分数为3%~9%的乙基纤维素的松油醇。
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