WO2021258870A1 - 一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置及除尘方法 - Google Patents

一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置及除尘方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021258870A1
WO2021258870A1 PCT/CN2021/092361 CN2021092361W WO2021258870A1 WO 2021258870 A1 WO2021258870 A1 WO 2021258870A1 CN 2021092361 W CN2021092361 W CN 2021092361W WO 2021258870 A1 WO2021258870 A1 WO 2021258870A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dust
proof
exhaust gas
pipe
filter cloth
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PCT/CN2021/092361
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张相良
谢志忠
叶健
郭建
Original Assignee
信丰县包钢新利稀土有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2021258870A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021258870A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D50/20—Combinations of devices covered by groups B01D45/00 and B01D46/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0052—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with filtering elements moving during filtering operation
    • B01D46/0056—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with filtering elements moving during filtering operation with rotational movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/56—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D46/62—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/66—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter
    • B01D46/74—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter by forces created by movement of the filter element
    • B01D46/78—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter by forces created by movement of the filter element involving centrifugal forces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of cloth bag dust removal, in particular to a cloth bag dust removal device for waste gas from a NdFeB waste processing technology.
  • NdFeB is simply a kind of magnet. What is different from the magnets we usually see is that its excellent magnetic properties are called "magnet king". NdFeB contains a large amount of rare earth elements neodymium, iron and boron, and its characteristics are hard and brittle. Because the surface is easily oxidized and corroded, NdFeB must be surface coated. Surface chemical passivation is one of the good solutions.
  • NdFeB As a kind of rare earth permanent magnet material, NdFeB has extremely high magnetic energy product and coercivity, and the advantages of high energy density make NdFeB permanent magnet materials widely used in modern industry and electronic technology, so that the instrument The miniaturization, weight reduction, and thinning of instruments, electro-acoustic motors, and magnetic separation and magnetization are possible.
  • the advantage of NdFeB is that it is cost-effective and has good mechanical properties; the disadvantage is that the working temperature is low, the temperature characteristic is poor, and it is easy to pulverize and corrode. It must be improved by adjusting its chemical composition and adopting surface treatment methods. Meet the requirements of practical applications.
  • One of the objectives of the present invention is to solve the problem that the bag filter in the prior art is difficult to continuously ensure that the filter cloth bag is in a relatively clean state, resulting in poor dust removal effect.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a dust-removing method for waste gas from NdFeB waste processing technology.
  • a NdFeB waste processing technology exhaust gas bag dust removal device which includes: an air intake pipe; a dust separation mechanism, the dust separation mechanism includes: a dust separation space, The left side of the dust separation space is connected to the air inlet pipe; a driving machine, the driving machine is arranged at the left end of the dust separation space; a rotating rod, the rotating rod is connected to the driving machine; a spiral structure, the spiral The structure is arranged on the rotating rod; the centrifuge tube, the rotating rod penetrates into the centrifuge tube, the centrifuge tube is conical, the centrifuge tube has: a ventilation cavity, the right end part of the rotating rod is located in the In the ventilating cavity; dust filter cloth, the dust filter cloth is arranged around the outer surface of the centrifuge cylinder, the dust filter cloth is fixed on the outer surface of the centrifuge cylinder by a skeleton, the dust filter cloth is inclined to the outer surface of the centrifuge cylinder (
  • the embodiment of the present invention starts the driving machine to drive the rotating rod to rotate, and drives the spiral structure on the rotating rod to rotate.
  • the rotating spiral structure When exhaust gas enters the dust separation space of the dust separation mechanism from the intake pipe, the rotating spiral structure generates centrifugal force , To encourage the exhaust gas to rotate to form a spiral wind, and encourage dust particles in the exhaust gas to be thrown to the edge of the spiral wind, so that the middle of the spiral wind becomes exhaust gas without dust particles; afterwards, it passes through the dust filter cloth on the right side of the spiral structure.
  • the exhaust gas with dust particles on the edge of the spiral wind is filtered; while filtering, the centrifuge cylinder is rotated by the rotating rod to throw off the dust particles on the dust filter cloth; finally the filtered exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust gas in the middle of the spiral wind Then it enters the exhaust pipe directly through the vent chamber of the centrifuge cylinder and is discharged.
  • the dust separation mechanism further includes: a dust exhaust port connected to the bottom of the dust separation space, and the dust exhaust port is located below the centrifuge cylinder.
  • the dust separation mechanism further includes: a first collecting box, and the first collecting box is connected to the dust exhaust port.
  • the exhaust bag dust removal device of the NdFeB waste processing technology further includes a dust falling mechanism, and the dust falling mechanism is arranged on the right side of the dust separating mechanism.
  • the dust falling mechanism includes: a power machine; a rotating shaft, the rotating column is arranged longitudinally, and the rotating shaft is connected to the power machine; a breather, the breather sleeve is sleeved on the rotating shaft ,
  • the vent has: a vent, the rotating shaft is located in the vent; a fixing rib that connects the vent to the rotating shaft; spiral blades, the helical blades are distributed on the vent Outer surface; a dust-proof cloth bag, the dust-proof cloth bag has: a dust-proof space, the exhaust pipe communicates with the left end of the dust-proof space, the vent communicates with the dust-proof space, the vent is located In the dust-proof space; a vent pipe, the vent pipe communicates with the vent.
  • the bottom of the dust-proof cloth bag has a supporting plate, and the supporting plate is movably connected with the rotating shaft.
  • the dust falling mechanism has a second collecting box, and the second collecting box is in communication with the bottom of the dust-proof cloth bag.
  • the NdFeB waste processing technology exhaust gas bag dust removal device further includes a diverting mechanism and a dust-refilling mechanism, the diverting mechanism is arranged on the right side of the dusting mechanism, The dustproof mechanism is connected with the shunt mechanism.
  • the branching mechanism includes: a branching pipe, the branching pipes are arranged longitudinally, the branching pipe has a plurality of, the branching pipes are spaced up and down, and the branching pipes communicate with each other.
  • the vent pipe has a slideway, a blocking ring arranged in the slideway, and a passive rod, which is located on the side of the shunt pipe, on the pipe wall position of the shunt pipe opposite to the upper and lower sides.
  • the passive rod is connected to the blocking ring, and the passive rod is provided with: tooth grooves; a movable gear, the tooth grooves of the passive rod located above mesh with one side of the movable gear, and the tooth grooves located below the The passive rod tooth groove meshes with the other side of the movable gear.
  • the position-filling and dust-proof mechanism includes: a rotating electric machine; a rotating body, the rotating electric machine is connected to the rotating body; a dustproof drum, the dustproof drum is connected to the rotating body ,
  • the dust-proof cylinder is arranged longitudinally, the dust-proof cylinder has: a pair of ports, the pair of ports are located on the upper and lower end surfaces of the dust-proof cylinder; a hollow ring piece, the hollow ring piece is arranged in the dust-proof cylinder A fixed piece, the fixed piece is arranged at the lower end of the hollow ring piece, the fixed piece is coaxial with the hollow ring piece; a dust-proof filter cloth, the dust-proof filter cloth is cylindrical, the dust-proof filter The outer diameter hole density of the cloth is greater than the inner diameter hole density of the dust-proof filter cloth, the upper end is connected to the bottom of the hollow ring sheet, and the lower end of the dust-proof filter cloth is connected to the top of the fixed sheet; the waste gas from the NdF
  • the exhaust gas discharged from the vent pipe then enters the shunt pipe of the shunt mechanism through the shunt pipe into the dust-proof tube of the supplementary dust-proof mechanism, so that the dust-proof filter cloth of the dust-proof tube filters the exhaust gas.
  • the dust filter cloth accumulates a certain amount of dust, control the rotation of the movable gear, and push the passive rod meshed with the movable gear to move, so that the blocking ring connected with the passive rod slides along the slideway of the shunt pipe and separates from the interface of the dust-proof tube.
  • the exhaust gas entering the dust-proof tube first penetrates into the dust-proof filter cloth, and contacts the fixed sheet at the bottom of the dust-proof tube, and the flow of the exhaust gas is buffered by the fixed sheet, and the buffered exhaust gas flows to the side dust-proof filter cloth, so that
  • the dust-proof filter cloth filters the exhaust gas to reduce the influence of the excessively fluid exhaust gas on the dust-proof filter cloth, and avoid the dust particles filtered out of the dust-proof filter cloth from being strongly squeezed by the exhaust gas and squeezed through the small dust-proof filter cloth.
  • the holes help to strengthen the dust removal effect.
  • the dust filter cloth filters the exhaust gas, it is filtered through the small inner diameter hole dense part of the dust filter cloth, and then filtered through the dustproof filter cloth outer diameter hole dense part of the large part.
  • the large inner diameter filters larger dust particles
  • the small outer diameter filters small dust particles to avoid the same inner and outer diameter of the dust-proof filter cloth, resulting in both large and small dust particles being dust-proof
  • the inner diameter of the filter cloth is filtered, and the dust particles are mainly concentrated in the inner diameter of the dust-proof filter cloth, and the outer diameter of the dust-proof filter cloth is difficult to participate in the filtration, which greatly reduces the utilization rate of the dust-proof filter cloth and cannot be guaranteed after a period of use. Fairly clean state.
  • the invention promotes the exhaust gas to form a spiral wind through the rotation of the spiral structure, so that the dust particles in the exhaust gas are thrown to the edge side of the spiral wind, and the exhaust gas without dust particles gathers toward the center of the centrifugal cylinder, which is beneficial for the dust filter cloth to filter a large amount of A large amount of exhaust gas without dust particles flows out through the ventilation cavity, which reduces the influence of dust particles entrained by the exhaust gas and enhances the dust removal effect.
  • the centrifugal force is also generated when the centrifuge cylinder is rotated by the rotating rod, which is beneficial to shake off the dust particles on the dust filter cloth, and ensures that the dust filter cloth is in a relatively clean state.
  • a dust removal method for waste gas from NdFeB waste processing technology including the following steps:
  • Ventilate pass exhaust gas into the intake pipe
  • Centrifugal dust separation start the driving machine on the dust separation mechanism to drive the rotating rod to rotate, and then drive the spiral structure on the rotating rod to rotate.
  • the rotating spiral structure will prompt The exhaust gas produces a rotating motion to form a spiral wind, which promotes the dust particles in the exhaust gas to be thrown to the edge of the spiral wind.
  • the middle of the spiral wind is exhaust gas without dust particles, and the edge of the spiral wind is exhaust gas with dust;
  • Filter dust filter the waste gas with dust particles on the edge of the spiral wind through the dust filter cloth on the right side of the spiral structure;
  • the rotating rod also drives the centrifuge tube to rotate.
  • centrifuge tube rotates, centrifugal force is generated to shake off the dust particles on the dust filter cloth;
  • the filtered exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe, and at the same time, the exhaust gas in the middle of the spiral wind enters the exhaust pipe directly through the ventilation cavity of the centrifuge tube and is discharged.
  • the power machine When dust falls, the power machine is started to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the ventilation tube in the dust-proof cloth bag and the spiral blades on it to rotate to generate centrifugal force.
  • the exhaust gas When the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust pipe enters the dust-proof cloth bag in the dust collection mechanism, the exhaust gas is The force of the spiral blades produces spiral wind, which throws the exhaust gas and dust particles into the dust-proof cloth bag for filtering, and then makes the dust particles fall to the bottom of the dust-proof cloth bag under the action of gravity and the spiral wind, and the filtered exhaust gas is The exhaust gas discharged through the subsequent exhaust pipe is pushed down into the vent of the vent, and enters the vent from the vent to be discharged.
  • Dust-proof repositioning the exhaust gas discharged from the vent pipe enters the shunt pipe of the shunt mechanism through the shunt pipe into the dust-proof tube of the repositioning dust-proof mechanism, so that the dust-proof filter cloth of the dust-proof tube filters the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas entering the dust-proof tube first penetrates into the dust-proof filter cloth, and contacts the fixed sheet at the bottom of the dust-proof filter, and the flow of the exhaust gas is buffered by the fixed sheet, and the buffered exhaust gas Flow to the side dustproof filter cloth, so that the dustproof filter cloth filters the exhaust gas.
  • the dust-proof filter cloth filters the exhaust gas, it is filtered through the part with small inner diameter pores of the dust-proof filter cloth, and then through the part with large outer diameter pores of the dust-proof filter cloth. filter.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dust removal device for exhaust gas from a NdFeB waste processing process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a centrifuge cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the movement effect of the dust separating mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the movement effect of the dust-removing mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shunt mechanism and the dust-proof mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of A in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of B in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust-proof tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Vent tube 33 Vent tube 331, vent vent 34, fixed rib
  • a cloth bag dust removal device for waste gas from NdFeB waste processing technology which, as shown in Figs.
  • the dust separation mechanism 20 includes: a dust separation space 21, a driving machine 22, a rotating rod 23, a spiral structure 24, a centrifuge tube 25, a dust filter cloth 252, and a supporting rib 26.
  • the left side of the dust separation space 21 communicates with the intake pipe 10.
  • the driver 22 is arranged at the left end of the dust separation space 21.
  • the rotating rod 23 is connected to the driving machine 22.
  • the spiral structure 24 is arranged on the rotating rod 23.
  • the rotating rod 23 penetrates into the centrifugal cylinder 25.
  • the centrifugal cylinder 25 has a conical shape.
  • the centrifugal cylinder 25 has a venting cavity 251, and the right end part of the rotating rod 23 is located in the venting cavity 251.
  • the dust filter cloth 252 is arranged around the outer surface of the centrifuge cylinder 25, and the dust filter cloth 252 is fixed on the outer surface of the centrifuge cylinder 25 by a skeleton.
  • the rotating rod 23 is fixedly connected to the centrifugal cylinder 25 through the supporting ribs 26.
  • the exhaust pipe 29 communicates with the right side of the dust separation space 21.
  • the starting driver 22 drives the rotating rod 23 to rotate, and drives the spiral structure 24 on the rotating rod 23 to rotate.
  • the rotating spiral structure 24 generates centrifugal force, which causes the exhaust gas to rotate to form a spiral wind, and promotes dust particles in the exhaust gas to be thrown to the edge side of the spiral wind, so that the middle of the spiral wind becomes exhaust gas without dust particles.
  • the exhaust gas with dust particles on the edge of the spiral wind is filtered by the dust filter cloth 252 on the centrifuge tube 25 on the right side of the spiral structure 24.
  • the centrifuge cylinder 25 is driven to rotate by the rotating rod 23, and the dust particles on the dust filter cloth 252 are thrown off. Finally, the filtered exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe 29, and the exhaust gas in the middle of the spiral wind directly enters the exhaust pipe 29 through the ventilation cavity 251 of the centrifuge tube 25 and is discharged.
  • the rotation of the spiral structure 24 promotes the exhaust gas to form a spiral wind, so that the dust particles in the exhaust gas are thrown to the edge of the spiral wind, and the exhaust gas without dust particles gathers toward the center of the centrifuge tube 25. It is beneficial for the dust filter cloth 252 to filter a large amount of dust particles, and a large amount of exhaust gas without dust particles flows out through the ventilation cavity 251, which reduces the influence of dust particles entrained by the exhaust gas and enhances the dust removal effect.
  • the rotation of the centrifugal cylinder 25 by the rotating rod 23 also generates centrifugal force, which is beneficial to shake off the dust particles on the dust filter cloth 252 and ensures that the dust filter cloth 252 is in a relatively clean state.
  • the present application adopts a conical centrifuge tube 25, which can greatly expand the contact surface with the spiral wind on the left side, and cover the lighter dust particles that have not moved to the edge of the spiral wind by the centrifugal force generated by the spiral wind, so that The lighter dust particles can also come into contact with the dust filter cloth 252, and then be filtered by the dust filter cloth 252 to enhance the dust removal effect of the dust filter cloth 252.
  • the increase in the wind direction along the axis of the wind body (0° ⁇ 45°) causes the erosion extreme position to move backward, and the leeward side extreme position of the model follows the wind.
  • the change of direction is more sensitive than the windward side.
  • the spatial blowing snow concentration distribution is significantly affected by the model’s characteristic turbulence and the wind direction redistribution effect, which determines the local deposition intensity.
  • the cross-wind body axis direction and the near-ground blowing snow concentration is always greater than the outflow side, and the concentration difference on both sides varies with the wind direction.
  • the increase of horned rhinoceros (0° ⁇ 45°) increases.
  • the amount of erosion and deposition in the horizontal orthogonal direction of the ground object per unit time changes with the change of wind direction.
  • the wind direction affects the shape of local surface snow.
  • the adjustment mechanism is approximately dynamic balance.
  • this application adopts the solution of the cone-shaped centrifuge tube 25 and the dust filter cloth 252 inclined to the outer surface of the centrifuge tube 25 to guide the wind direction, so that a wide range of wind can blow the entrapped dust particles into the dust filter.
  • the dust particles are not easily entrained by the wind, and the dust removal effect of the dust filter cloth 252 is strengthened to solve the problem of poor dust removal effect.
  • the dust separation mechanism 20 further includes a dust exhaust port 27, the dust exhaust port 27 is connected to the bottom of the dust separation space 21, and the dust exhaust port 27 is located below the centrifuge cylinder 25.
  • the dust separation mechanism 20 further includes a first collecting box 28, and the first collecting box 28 is connected to the dust exhaust port 27.
  • the exhaust bag dust removal device for the NdFeB waste processing technology further includes a dust falling mechanism 30, which is arranged on the right side of the dust separating mechanism 20.
  • the dust falling mechanism 30 includes: a power machine 31, a rotating shaft 32, a vent tube 33, a fixed rib 34, a spiral blade 35, a dust-proof cloth bag 36, and a vent tube 39.
  • the rotating column is arranged longitudinally, and the rotating shaft 32 is connected to the power machine 31.
  • the vent tube 33 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 32, the vent tube 33 has a vent 331, and the rotating shaft 32 is located in the vent 331.
  • the fixing rib 34 connects the vent tube 33 and the rotating shaft 32.
  • the spiral blades 35 are distributed on the outer surface of the ventilation tube 33.
  • the dust-proof cloth bag 36 has a dust-proof space, the exhaust pipe 29 communicates with the left end of the dust-proof space, the vent 331 communicates with the dust-proof space, and the vent tube 33 is located in the dust-proof space.
  • the vent pipe 39 communicates with the vent 331.
  • Starting the power machine 31 drives the rotating shaft 32 to rotate, which in turn drives the ventilation tube 33 in the dust cloth bag 36 and the spiral blades 35 on it to rotate to generate centrifugal force.
  • the exhaust gas exerts a force on the ventilation tube 33 and the spiral blades 35 to generate a spiral wind, and the exhaust gas and dust particles are thrown into the dust-proof cloth bag 36 for filtering, and then the dust particles fall to the dust-proof under the action of gravity and the spiral wind.
  • the filtered exhaust gas is pushed by the exhaust gas discharged from the subsequent exhaust pipe 29 into the vent 331 of the vent tube 33, and enters the vent pipe 39 from the vent 331 to be discharged. It is beneficial to reduce the dust and waste gas flow after separating dust and the dust is affected by the flow of waste gas, avoiding the possibility of dust being re-driven and mixed together by the flow force of the waste gas, therefore, it is beneficial to strengthen the dust removal effect.
  • the bottom of the dust-proof cloth bag 36 has a supporting plate 37, and the supporting plate 37 is movably connected with the rotating shaft 32.
  • the dust falling mechanism 30 has a second collecting box 38 that communicates with the bottom of the dust-proof cloth bag 36.
  • the NdFeB waste processing technology waste gas bag dust removal device further includes a diverting mechanism 40 and a dust-proof mechanism 50.
  • the diverging mechanism 40 is arranged on the right side of the dust-falling mechanism 30, and the dust-proof mechanism is supplemented and dust-proof.
  • the mechanism 50 is connected to the shunt mechanism 40.
  • the shunt mechanism 40 includes: a shunt pipe 41, a blocking ring 42, a passive rod 43, and a moving gear 44.
  • the position-filling dust-proof mechanism 50 includes: a rotating motor 51, a rotating body 52, a dust-proof cylinder 53, a hollow ring piece 54, a fixing piece 55, and a dust-proof filter cloth 56.
  • the shunt pipes 41 are arranged longitudinally. There are multiple shunt pipes 41. The shunt pipes 41 are spaced up and down. The shunt pipes 41 are connected to the vent pipe 39. The upper and lower shunt pipes 41 have slideways 411 on their walls. The blocking ring 42 is provided in the slideway 411. The passive rod 43 is located at the side end of the shunt pipe 41, the passive rod 43 is connected to the blocking ring 42, and the passive rod 43 has tooth grooves. The tooth groove of the driven rod 43 located above meshes with one side of the moving gear 44, and the tooth groove of the passive rod 43 located below meshes with the other side of the moving gear 44.
  • the rotating electric machine 51 is connected to the rotating body 52.
  • the dust-proof tube 53 is connected to the rotating body 52, and the dust-proof tube 53 is arranged longitudinally.
  • the dust-proof tube 53 is used to connect the split pipe 41 separated from the top and bottom to connect the split tube 41 separated from the top and bottom.
  • the dust tube 53 has a docking interface. 53.
  • the mating interface 53 is located on the upper and lower end surfaces of the dustproof cylinder 53.
  • the hollow ring piece 54 is provided in the dustproof tube 53.
  • the fixing piece 55 is arranged at the lower end of the hollow ring piece 54, and the fixing piece 55 is coaxial with the hollow ring piece 54.
  • the dust-proof filter cloth 56 is cylindrical. The outer diameter hole density of the dust-proof filter cloth 56 is greater than the inner diameter hole density of the dust-proof filter cloth 56.
  • the NdFeB waste material processing technology waste gas bag dust removal device also includes an air outlet pipe 60 which communicates with the shunt pipe 41 located below.
  • the exhaust gas discharged from the vent pipe 39 enters the shunt pipe 41 of the shunt mechanism 40 through the shunt pipe 41 and enters the dust-proof tube 53 of the supplementary dust-proof mechanism 50, so that the dust-proof filter cloth of the dust-proof tube 53 filters the exhaust gas.
  • the movable gear 44 is controlled to rotate, and the passive rod 43 meshed with the movable gear 44 is pushed to move, and the blocking ring 42 connected with the passive rod 43 is prompted to move along the shunt pipe 41
  • the slideway 411 slides away from the interface 53 of the dust-proof cylinder 53.
  • the rotating motor 51 is started to drive the rotating body 52 to rotate, driving the dust-proof cylinder 53 connected to the rotating body 52 to separate from the shunt pipe 41, and at the same time driving another one
  • the dust cylinder 53 is docked with the shunt pipe 41, and finally the gear is controlled to reverse, and the blocking ring 42 connected to the passive rod 43 and the passive rod 43 is pulled to slide in the reverse direction along the slide 411 of the shunt pipe 41, so that the blocking ring 42 is locked in the opposite direction.
  • Interface 53 By quickly and automatically replacing the dust-proof tube 53, it can be ensured that the dust-proof filter cloth 56 in the dust-proof tube 53 is always in a relatively clean state when the exhaust gas is filtered.
  • the exhaust gas entering the dust-proof cylinder 53 first penetrates into the dust-proof filter cloth 56, and contacts the fixed piece 55 at the bottom of the dust-proof.
  • the fixed piece 55 buffers the flow of the exhaust gas, and the buffered exhaust gas is dust-proof to the side.
  • the flow of the filter cloth 56 makes the dust filter cloth 56 filter the exhaust gas, reducing the influence of excessively fluid exhaust gas on the dust filter cloth 56 and avoiding the dust particles filtered out of the dust filter cloth 56 from being strongly squeezed by the exhaust gas , Squeezed through the tiny holes in the dustproof filter cloth 56, which is beneficial to strengthen the dust removal effect.
  • the dust filter cloth 56 filters the exhaust gas, it is filtered through the small inner diameter hole dense part of the dust filter cloth 56, and then filtered through the dust filter cloth 56 large outer diameter hole dense part. In this way , It can filter larger dust particles with a large inner diameter, and filter small dust particles with a small outer diameter, avoiding the same inner and outer diameter of the dust-proof filter cloth 56, resulting in both large and small dust particles Are filtered by the inner diameter of the dust-proof filter cloth 56, causing dust particles to be mainly concentrated in the inner diameter of the dust-proof filter cloth 56, and the outer diameter of the dust-proof filter cloth 56 is difficult to participate in the filtration, which greatly reduces the utilization rate of the dust-proof filter cloth 56. Ensure that it is in a fairly clean state after using it for a period of time.
  • a dust-removing method for waste gas bag of NdFeB waste processing technology includes the following steps:
  • the air is ventilated, and exhaust gas is passed into the intake pipe 10.
  • Centrifugal dust separation start the drive 22 on the dust separation mechanism 20 to drive the rotating rod 23 to rotate, and then drive the spiral structure 24 on the rotating rod 23 to rotate, when the exhaust gas enters the dust separation space 21 of the dust separation mechanism 20 from the intake pipe 10 At this time, the rotating spiral structure 24 will cause the exhaust gas to rotate to form a spiral wind, and encourage the dust particles in the exhaust gas to be thrown to the edge side of the spiral wind. It is exhaust gas with dust.
  • the dust is filtered by the dust filter cloth 252 on the centrifugal cylinder 25 on the right side of the spiral structure 24 to filter the waste gas with dust particles on the edge of the spiral wind.
  • the rotating rod 23 rotates while driving the centrifuge drum 25 to rotate.
  • centrifuge drum 25 rotates, centrifugal force is generated, and dust particles on the dust filter cloth 252 are thrown off.
  • the filtered exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe 29, and at the same time, the exhaust gas in the spiral wind enters the exhaust pipe 29 directly through the ventilation cavity 251 of the centrifugal cylinder 25 and is discharged.
  • the power machine 31 When dust falls, the power machine 31 is started to drive the rotating shaft 32 to rotate, which in turn drives the ventilation tube 33 in the dust bag 36 and the spiral blade 35 on it to rotate to generate centrifugal force.
  • the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 29 enters the dust bag 36 in the dust falling mechanism 30
  • the exhaust gas acts on the ventilation tube 33 and the spiral blade 35 on it to generate a spiral wind
  • the exhaust gas and dust particles are thrown into the dust-proof cloth bag 36 for filtration, and then the dust particles fall to the dust under the action of gravity and the spiral wind.
  • the filtered exhaust gas is pushed by the exhaust gas discharged from the subsequent exhaust pipe 29 into the vent 331 of the vent tube 33, and enters the vent pipe 39 from the vent 331 to be discharged.
  • Dust-proof repositioning the exhaust gas discharged from the vent pipe 39 enters the shunt pipe 41 of the shunt mechanism 40 through the shunt pipe 41 and enters the dust-proof cylinder 53 of the replenishing dust-proof mechanism 50, so that the dust-proof filter cloth of the dust-proof cylinder 53 Perform dust filtering work on the exhaust gas.
  • the movable gear 44 is controlled to rotate, and the passive rod 43 meshed with the movable gear 44 is moved to promote the blocking ring connected with the passive rod 43 42 slides along the slideway 411 of the shunt pipe 41 and separates from the interface 53 of the dust-proof cylinder 53.
  • the rotating motor 51 is started to drive the rotating body 52 to rotate, and the dust-proof cylinder 53 connected to the rotating body 52 is driven to leave the shunt pipe 41.
  • another dust-proof cylinder 53 is driven to connect with the shunt pipe 41, and finally the gear is reversed, and the blocking ring 42 connected to the passive rod 43 and the passive rod 43 is pulled to slide in the reverse direction along the slide 411 of the shunt pipe 41 to re-block it.
  • the ring 42 snaps into the mating interface 53.
  • the exhaust gas entering the dust-proof cylinder 53 first penetrates into the dust-proof filter cloth 56, and contacts the fixed sheet 55 at the bottom of the dust-proof tube.
  • the fixed sheet 55 buffers the flow of the exhaust gas, and the buffered exhaust gas flows to the side.
  • the dust-proof filter cloth 56 flows so that the dust-proof filter cloth 56 filters the exhaust gas.
  • the dust-proof filter cloth 56 filters the exhaust gas
  • the dust-proof filter cloth 56 is filtered through the small inner diameter hole dense part, and then the dust-proof filter cloth 56 is filtered through the large outer diameter hole dense part.

Abstract

一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，包括：进气管（10）、分尘机构（20）、排气管（29）。分尘机构（20）包括：分尘空间（21）、驱动机（22）、转杆（23）、螺旋结构（24）、离心筒（25）、滤尘布（252）、支撑筋（26）。以及一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘方法。

Description

一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置及除尘方法 技术领域
本发明涉及布袋除尘技术领域，特别涉及一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置。
背景技术
钕铁硼,简单来讲是一种磁铁,和我们平时见到的磁铁所不同的是,其优异的磁性能而被称为“磁王”。钕铁硼中含有大量的稀土元素钕、铁及硼,其特性硬而脆。由于表面极易被氧化腐蚀,钕铁硼必须进行表面涂层处理。表面化学钝化是很好的解决方法之一。钕铁硼作为稀土永磁材料的一种具有极高的磁能积和矫顽力,同时高能量密度的优点使钕铁硼永磁材料在现代工业和电子技术中获得了广泛应用，从而使仪器仪表、电声电机、磁选磁化等设备的小型化、轻量化、薄型化成为可能。钕铁硼的优点是性价比高,具良好的机械特性；不足之处在于工作温度低,温度特性差,且易于粉化腐蚀,必须通过调整其化学成分和采取表面处理方法使之得以改进,才能达到实际应用的要求。
现有的布袋除尘器在线工作时,在抽风机的作用下,灰尘进入灰斗后,被吸附在滤布袋外表面,由脉冲喷吹管间歇喷吹,灰尘落到灰斗底部,经回转阀排出收积。由于现有布袋除尘器所采用的脉冲喷吹管清灰方式,难以持续保证滤布袋处在相对清洁状态,尤其是在灰尘浓度较高的环境下,滤布袋很快被堵塞失效,不能继续运行,需要频繁更新,不仅影响粉尘场所除尘,而且增加运行成本。因此亟需研发一种除尘效果更好的钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置。
发明内容
本发明目的之一是解决现有技术中的布袋除尘器难以持续保证滤布袋处在相对清洁状态，导致除尘效果差问题。
本发明目的之二是提供一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘方法。
为达到上述目的之一，本发明采用以下技术方案：一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，其中，包括：进气管；分尘机构，所述分尘机构包括：分尘空间，所述分尘空间左侧连通所述进气管；驱动机，所述驱动机设置在所述分尘空间的左侧端；转杆，所述转杆连接所述驱动机；螺旋结构，所述螺旋结构设置在所述转杆上；离心筒，所述转杆穿入至所述离心筒中，所述离心筒为圆锥形，所述离心筒具有：通气腔，所述转杆右端部分位于所述通气腔中；滤尘布，所述滤尘布环绕设置在所述离心筒外表面，所述滤尘布通过骨架固定在所述离心筒外表面，所述滤尘布倾斜于所述离心筒外表面(滤尘布受风力影响可变成弧形)。支撑筋，所述转杆通过所述支撑筋固定连接所述离心筒；排气管，所述排气管连通所述分尘空间的右侧。
在上述技术方案中，本发明实施例启动驱动机带动转杆旋转，带动转杆上的螺旋结构转动，在废气从进气管进入至分尘机构的分尘空间中时，旋转的螺旋结构产生离心力，促使废气产生旋转运动形成螺旋风，促使废气中的灰尘颗粒被甩至螺旋风的边缘侧，使得螺旋风中间成为不带灰尘颗粒的废气；之后通过螺旋结构右侧离心筒上的滤尘布对螺旋风边缘侧的带有灰尘颗粒的废气过滤；过滤同时，离心筒被转杆带动旋转，甩落滤尘布上的灰尘颗粒；最后被过滤的废气从排气管排出，而螺旋风中间的废气则直接通过离心筒的通气腔进入排气管排出。
进一步地，在本发明实施例中，所述分尘机构还包括：排尘口，所述排尘口连通所述分尘空间的底部，所述排尘口位于所述离心筒下方。
进一步地，在本发明实施例中，所述分尘机构还包括：第一集料箱，所述第一集料箱连通所述排尘口。
进一步地，在本发明实施例中，所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置还包括落尘机构，所述落尘机构设置在所述分尘机构的右侧。
更进一步地，在本发明实施例中，所述落尘机构包括：动力机；转轴，所述转柱呈纵向设置，所述转轴连接所述动力机；通气筒，所述通气筒套在所述转轴上，所述通气筒具有：通气口，所述转轴位于所述通气口中；固定筋，所述固定筋连接所述通气筒与所述转轴；螺旋叶片，所述螺旋叶片分布设置在所述通气筒外表面；防尘布袋，所述防尘布袋具有：防尘空间，所述排气管与所述防尘空间的左端相连通，所述通气口连通所述防尘空间，所述通气筒位于所述防尘空间中；通气管，所述通气管连通所述通气口。
启动动力机带动转轴旋转，进而带动防尘布袋中的通气筒与其上的螺旋叶片转动产生离心力，当排气管排出的废气进入落尘机构中的防尘布袋中时，该废气在通气筒与其上的螺旋叶片作用力产生螺旋风，将废气以及的灰尘颗粒甩入至防尘布袋上进行过滤，之后使得灰尘颗粒在重力与螺旋风作用下降落至防尘布袋底部，而过滤后的废气则通过后续排气管排出的废气推动下进入至通气筒的通气口中，从通气口进入通气管排出。有利于减少分离灰尘和废气后，灰尘受废气流动影响，避免灰尘可能被废气的流动力重新带动混合在一起，因此，有利于加强除尘效果。
更进一步地，在本发明实施例中，所述防尘布袋底部具有支板，所述支板与所述转轴活动连接。
更进一步地，在本发明实施例中，所述落尘机构具有第二集料箱，所述第二集料箱与所述防尘布袋底部相连通。
更进一步地，在本发明实施例中，所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置还包括分流机构与补位防尘机构，所述分流机构设置在所述落尘机构右侧，所述补位防尘机构与分流机构相连。
更进一步地，在本发明实施例中，所述分流机构包括：分流管，所述分流管纵向排布，所述分流管具有多根，所述分流管上下之间隔开，所述分流管连通所述通气管，上下相对的所述分流管的管壁位置上具有：滑道；封堵环，所述封堵环设置在所述滑道中；被动杆，被动杆位于所述分流管的侧端，所述被动杆连接所述封堵环，所述被动杆上具有：齿槽；动齿轮，位于上方的所述被动杆齿槽啮合在所述动齿轮的一侧，位于下方的所述被动杆齿槽啮合在所述动齿轮的另一侧。
更进一步地，在本发明实施例中，所述补位防尘机构包括：旋转电机；转体，所述旋转电机连接所述转体；防尘筒，所述防尘筒连接所述转体，所述防尘筒呈纵向排布，所述防尘筒具有：对接口，所述对接口位于所述防尘筒上下端面；中空环片，所述中空环片设置在所述防尘筒中；固定片，所述固定片设置在所述中空环片下端，所述固定片与所述中空环片同轴；防尘滤布，所述防尘滤布为筒状，所述防尘滤布外径孔密度大于所述防尘滤布内径孔密度，上端连接所述中空环片的底部，所述防尘滤布下端连接所述固定片的顶部；所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置还包括出气管，所述出气管与位于下方的所述分流管相连通。
通气管排出的废气进而分流机构的分流管中，通过分流管进入至补位防尘机构中防尘筒中，使得防尘筒的防尘过滤布对废气进行灰尘过滤工作，当防尘筒的防尘过滤布堆积一定灰尘时，控制动齿轮转动，推动与动齿轮啮合的被动杆移动，促使与被动杆相连的封堵环沿分流管的滑道滑动，脱离防尘筒的对接口，此时，启动旋转电机驱动转体旋转，带动与转体相连的防尘筒脱离分流管，同时带动另一个防尘筒与分流管对接，最后控制齿轮反转，拉动被动杆与被动杆相连的封堵环沿分流管的滑道反向滑动，重新使得封堵环卡入对接口中。通过快速自动替换防尘筒的方式，能够保证在过滤废气时，防尘筒中的防尘滤布始终处于较为清洁的状态。
其中，进入防尘筒中的废气首先穿入至防尘滤布中，与防尘底部的固定片接触，通过固定片对废气的流动进行缓冲，缓冲后的废气向侧面防尘滤布流动，使得防尘滤布对废气进行过滤，减少流动性过强的废气对防尘滤布的影响，避免防尘滤布中过滤出的灰尘颗粒受废气的强力挤压，挤过防尘滤布中细小的孔，有利于加强除尘效果。
并且，防尘滤布过滤废气时，先经过防尘滤布内径孔密部小的部分进行过滤，再经过防尘滤布外径孔密部大的部分进行过滤，通过此种方式，能够使得孔径大的内径过滤较大的灰 尘颗粒，而孔径小的外径过滤小的灰尘颗粒，避免防尘滤布的内、外径孔径相同，导致无论是大、还是小的灰尘颗粒都被防尘滤布内径过滤，造成灰尘颗粒主要集中在防尘滤布内径位置，而防尘滤布外径位置难以参与过滤，大大降低了防尘滤布的利用率，无法保证在使用一段时间后处在还算清洁的状态。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明通过螺旋结构的转动促使废气形成螺旋风的方式，使得废气中的灰尘颗粒被甩至螺旋风的边缘侧，而不带灰尘颗粒的废气则向离心筒中心聚集，有利于滤尘布过滤大量的灰尘颗粒，而大量不带灰尘颗粒的废气则通过通气腔流出，减少灰尘颗粒被废气裹挟流动的影响，加强除尘效果。此外，离心筒被转杆带动旋转也产生离心力，有利于将滤尘布上的灰尘颗粒甩落，保证了滤尘布处在相对清洁状态。
为达到上述目的之二，本发明采用以下技术方案：一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘方法，包括以下步骤：
通气，向进气管通入废气；
离心分尘，启动分尘机构上的驱动机带动转杆旋转，进而带动转杆上的螺旋结构转动，在废气从进气管进入至分尘机构的分尘空间中时，旋转的螺旋结构将促使废气产生旋转运动形成螺旋风，促使废气中的灰尘颗粒被甩至螺旋风的边缘侧，构成螺旋风中间为不带灰尘颗粒的废气，而螺旋风边缘侧则是带有灰尘的废气；
滤尘，通过螺旋结构右侧离心筒上的滤尘布对螺旋风边缘侧的带有灰尘颗粒的废气过滤；
脱尘，转杆转动的同时还带动离心筒旋转，离心筒转动时产生离心力，甩落滤尘布上的灰尘颗粒；
排气，被过滤的废气从排气管排出，同时，螺旋风中间的废气则直接通过离心筒的通气腔进入排气管排出。
进一步地，在本发明实施例中，排气步骤之后，还具有步骤：
落尘，启动动力机带动转轴旋转，进而带动防尘布袋中的通气筒与其上的螺旋叶片转动产生离心力，当排气管排出的废气进入落尘机构中的防尘布袋中时，该废气在通气筒与其上的螺旋叶片作用力产生螺旋风，将废气以及的灰尘颗粒甩入至防尘布袋上进行过滤，之后使得灰尘颗粒在重力与螺旋风作用下降落至防尘布袋底部，而过滤后的废气则通过后续排气管排出的废气推动下进入至通气筒的通气口中，从通气口进入通气管排出。
更进一步地，在本发明实施例中，落尘步骤之后，还具有步骤：
防尘补位，通气管排出的废气进而分流机构的分流管中，通过分流管进入至补位防尘机 构中防尘筒中，使得防尘筒的防尘过滤布对废气进行灰尘过滤工作，当防尘筒的防尘过滤布堆积一定灰尘时，控制动齿轮转动，推动与动齿轮啮合的被动杆移动，促使与被动杆相连的封堵环沿分流管的滑道滑动，脱离防尘筒的对接口，此时，启动旋转电机驱动转体旋转，带动与转体相连的防尘筒脱离分流管，同时带动另一个防尘筒与分流管对接，最后控制齿轮反转，拉动被动杆与被动杆相连的封堵环沿分流管的滑道反向滑动，重新使得封堵环卡入对接口中。
更进一步地，在本发明实施例中，进入防尘筒中的废气首先穿入至防尘滤布中，与防尘底部的固定片接触，通过固定片对废气的流动进行缓冲，缓冲后的废气向侧面防尘滤布流动，使得防尘滤布对废气进行过滤。
更进一步地，在本发明实施例中，防尘滤布过滤废气时，先经过防尘滤布内径孔密部小的部分进行过滤，再经过防尘滤布外径孔密部大的部分进行过滤。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例离心筒的立体示意图。
图3为本发明实施例分尘机构的运动效果示意图。
图4为本发明实施例落尘机构的运动效果示意图。
图5为本发明实施例分流机构与补位防尘机构的结构示意图。
图6为图5的A局部放大图。
图7为图5的B局部放大图。
图8为本发明实施例防尘筒的结构示意图。
附图中
10、进气管
20、分尘机构               21、分尘空间               22、驱动机
23、转杆                   24、螺旋结构               25、离心筒
251、通气腔                252、滤尘布                26、支撑筋
27、排尘口                 28、第一集料箱             29、排气管
30、落尘机构               31、动力机                 32、转轴
33、通气筒                 331、通气口                34、固定筋
35、螺旋叶片               36、防尘布袋               37、支板
38、第二集料箱             39、通气管
40、分流机构               41、分流管                 411、滑道
42、封堵环                 43、被动杆                 44、动齿轮
50、补位防尘机构           51、旋转电机               52、转体
53、防尘筒                 531、对接口                54、中空环片
55、固定片                 56、防尘滤布
60、出气管
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图对本发明实施例进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，仅仅用以解释本发明实施例，并不用于限定本发明实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“中”“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”、“顶”、“底”、“侧”、“竖直”、“水平”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“一”、“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”、“第五”、“第六”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
出于简明和说明的目的，实施例的原理主要通过参考例子来描述。在以下描述中，很多具体细节被提出用以提供对实施例的彻底理解。然而明显的是。对于本领域普通技术人员，这些实施例在实践中可以不限于这些具体细节。在一些实例中，没有详细地描述公知钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘方法和结构，以避免无必要地使这些实施例变得难以理解。另外，所有实施例可以互相结合使用。
实施例一：
一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，其中，如图1、2所示，包括：进气管10、分尘机构20、排气管29。
分尘机构20包括：分尘空间21、驱动机22、转杆23、螺旋结构24、离心筒25、滤尘布252、支撑筋26。
分尘空间21左侧连通进气管10。驱动机22设置在分尘空间21的左侧端。转杆23连接驱动机22。螺旋结构24设置在转杆23上。转杆23穿入至离心筒25中，离心筒25为圆锥形，离心筒25具有通气腔251，转杆23右端部分位于通气腔251中。滤尘布252环绕设置在离心筒25外表面，滤尘布252通过骨架固定在离心筒25外表面，滤尘布252倾斜于离心筒25外表面(滤尘布252受风力影响可变成弧形)。转杆23通过支撑筋26固定连接离心筒25。
排气管29与分尘空间21的右侧相连通。
工作原理：如图3所示，启动驱动机22带动转杆23旋转，带动转杆23上的螺旋结构24转动，在废气从进气管10进入至分尘机构20的分尘空间21中时，旋转的螺旋结构24产生离心力，促使废气产生旋转运动形成螺旋风，促使废气中的灰尘颗粒被甩至螺旋风的边缘侧，使得螺旋风中间成为不带灰尘颗粒的废气。之后通过螺旋结构24右侧离心筒25上的滤尘布252对螺旋风边缘侧的带有灰尘颗粒的废气过滤。过滤同时，离心筒25被转杆23带动旋转，甩落滤尘布252上的灰尘颗粒。最后被过滤的废气从排气管29排出，而螺旋风中间的废气则直接通过离心筒25的通气腔251进入排气管29排出。
第一，本发明通过螺旋结构24的转动促使废气形成螺旋风的方式，使得废气中的灰尘颗粒被甩至螺旋风的边缘侧，而不带灰尘颗粒的废气则向离心筒25中心聚集，有利于滤尘布252过滤大量的灰尘颗粒，而大量不带灰尘颗粒的废气则通过通气腔251流出，减少灰尘颗粒被废气裹挟流动的影响，加强除尘效果。此外，离心筒25被转杆23带动旋转也产生离心力，有利于将滤尘布252上的灰尘颗粒甩落，保证了滤尘布252处在相对清洁状态。
第二，本申请采用圆锥形的离心筒25，能够在左侧极大的扩大与螺旋风的接触面，覆盖未通过螺旋风产生的离心力移动到螺旋风边缘处的较轻的灰尘颗粒，使得该较轻的灰尘颗粒同样也能够与滤尘布252接触，进而通过滤尘布252将其过滤，加强滤尘布252的除尘效果。
第三，基于偏斜风对地物周边空间吹雪及积雪形成的影响的研究：为考察偏斜风效应下地面结构周边地表积雪形态及形成机理，基于欧拉框架多相流理论，采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法，模拟了不同来流风向下立方体建筑的特征绕流场，对比了地表侵蚀积雪预侧指标的差异研究结果表明：来流风向的改变影响模型周边近地流分离及附着的形成，决定了地表剪切状态，顺风体轴方向，风向角口的增大(0°≤β≤45°)使侵蚀极值位置总体后移，模型背风侧极值位置随风向的改变较迎风侧敏感。空间吹雪浓度分布受模型特征扰流及风向重分配效应影响显著，决定了当地沉积强度，横风体轴方向，靠近来流侧近地吹雪浓度始终 大于出流侧，两侧浓度差随风向角犀的增大(0°≤β≤45°)而增大.单位时间下地物水平正交方向的侵蚀沉积量随风向的改变呈现此消彼长的规律，风向对局部地表积雪形态的调整机制近似动态平衡。
因此，本申请基于此种理论而采用圆锥形的离心筒25、滤尘布252倾斜于离心筒25外表面的方案，是为了引导风向，使得大范围的风能够将裹挟的灰尘颗粒吹入至滤尘布252中，使得灰尘颗粒不易被风裹挟带走，加强滤尘布252的除尘效果，解决除尘效果差的问题。
优选地，如图1、3所示，分尘机构20还包括排尘口27，排尘口27连通分尘空间21的底部，排尘口27位于离心筒25下方。
优选地，分尘机构20还包括第一集料箱28，第一集料箱28连通排尘口27。
优选地，如图1所示，钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置还包括落尘机构30，落尘机构30设置在分尘机构20的右侧。
更优选地，如图4所示，落尘机构30包括：动力机31、转轴32、通气筒33、固定筋34、螺旋叶片35、防尘布袋36、通气管39。
转柱呈纵向设置，转轴32连接动力机31。通气筒33套在转轴32上，通气筒33具有通气口331，转轴32位于通气口331中。固定筋34连接通气筒33与转轴32。螺旋叶片35分布设置在通气筒33外表面。防尘布袋36具有防尘空间，排气管29与防尘空间的左端相连通，通气口331连通防尘空间，通气筒33位于防尘空间中。通气管39连通通气口331。
启动动力机31带动转轴32旋转，进而带动防尘布袋36中的通气筒33与其上的螺旋叶片35转动产生离心力，当排气管29排出的废气进入落尘机构30中的防尘布袋36中时，该废气在通气筒33与其上的螺旋叶片35作用力产生螺旋风，将废气以及的灰尘颗粒甩入至防尘布袋36上进行过滤，之后使得灰尘颗粒在重力与螺旋风作用下降落至防尘布袋36底部，而过滤后的废气则通过后续排气管29排出的废气推动下进入至通气筒33的通气口331中，从通气口331进入通气管39排出。有利于减少分离灰尘和废气后，灰尘受废气流动影响，避免灰尘可能被废气的流动力重新带动混合在一起，因此，有利于加强除尘效果。
更优选地，防尘布袋36底部具有支板37，支板37与转轴32活动连接。
更优选地，落尘机构30具有第二集料箱38，第二集料箱38与防尘布袋36底部相连通。
更优选地，如图1、5所示，钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置还包括分流机构40与补位防尘机构50，分流机构40设置在落尘机构30右侧，补位防尘机构50与分流机构40相连。
更优选地，如图5-8所示，分流机构40包括：分流管41、封堵环42、被动杆43、动齿轮44。
补位防尘机构50包括：旋转电机51、转体52、防尘筒53、中空环片54、固定片55、 防尘滤布56。
分流管41纵向排布，分流管41具有多根，分流管41上下之间隔开，分流管41连通通气管39，上下相对的分流管41的管壁位置上具有滑道411。封堵环42设置在滑道411中。被动杆43位于分流管41的侧端，被动杆43连接封堵环42，被动杆43上具有齿槽。位于上方的被动杆43齿槽啮合在动齿轮44的一侧，位于下方的被动杆43齿槽啮合在动齿轮44的另一侧。
旋转电机51连接转体52。防尘筒53连接转体52，防尘筒53呈纵向排布，防尘筒53用于对接上下隔开的分流管41，将上下隔开的分流管41连通，防尘筒53具有对接口53，对接口53位于防尘筒53上下端面。
中空环片54设置在防尘筒53中。固定片55设置在中空环片54下端，固定片55与中空环片54同轴。防尘滤布56为筒状，防尘滤布56外径孔密度大于防尘滤布56内径孔密度，上端连接中空环片54的底部，防尘滤布56下端连接固定片55的顶部。
钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置还包括出气管60，出气管60与位于下方的分流管41相连通。
通气管39排出的废气进而分流机构40的分流管41中，通过分流管41进入至补位防尘机构50中防尘筒53中，使得防尘筒53的防尘过滤布对废气进行灰尘过滤工作，当防尘筒53的防尘过滤布堆积一定灰尘时，控制动齿轮44转动，推动与动齿轮44啮合的被动杆43移动，促使与被动杆43相连的封堵环42沿分流管41的滑道411滑动，脱离防尘筒53的对接口53，此时，启动旋转电机51驱动转体52旋转，带动与转体52相连的防尘筒53脱离分流管41，同时带动另一个防尘筒53与分流管41对接，最后控制齿轮反转，拉动被动杆43与被动杆43相连的封堵环42沿分流管41的滑道411反向滑动，重新使得封堵环42卡入对接口53中。通过快速自动替换防尘筒53的方式，能够保证在过滤废气时，防尘筒53中的防尘滤布56始终处于较为清洁的状态。
其中，进入防尘筒53中的废气首先穿入至防尘滤布56中，与防尘底部的固定片55接触，通过固定片55对废气的流动进行缓冲，缓冲后的废气向侧面防尘滤布56流动，使得防尘滤布56对废气进行过滤，减少流动性过强的废气对防尘滤布56的影响，避免防尘滤布56中过滤出的灰尘颗粒受废气的强力挤压，挤过防尘滤布56中细小的孔，有利于加强除尘效果。
并且，防尘滤布56过滤废气时，先经过防尘滤布56内径孔密部小的部分进行过滤，再经过防尘滤布56外径孔密部大的部分进行过滤，通过此种方式，能够使得孔径大的内径过滤较大的灰尘颗粒，而孔径小的外径过滤小的灰尘颗粒，避免防尘滤布56的内、外径孔径相同， 导致无论是大、还是小的灰尘颗粒都被防尘滤布56内径过滤，造成灰尘颗粒主要集中在防尘滤布56内径位置，而防尘滤布56外径位置难以参与过滤，大大降低了防尘滤布56的利用率，无法保证在使用一段时间后处在还算清洁的状态。
一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘方法，包括以下步骤：
通气，向进气管10通入废气。
离心分尘，启动分尘机构20上的驱动机22带动转杆23旋转，进而带动转杆23上的螺旋结构24转动，在废气从进气管10进入至分尘机构20的分尘空间21中时，旋转的螺旋结构24将促使废气产生旋转运动形成螺旋风，促使废气中的灰尘颗粒被甩至螺旋风的边缘侧，构成螺旋风中间为不带灰尘颗粒的废气，而螺旋风边缘侧则是带有灰尘的废气。
滤尘，通过螺旋结构24右侧离心筒25上的滤尘布252对螺旋风边缘侧的带有灰尘颗粒的废气过滤。
脱尘，转杆23转动的同时还带动离心筒25旋转，离心筒25转动时产生离心力，甩落滤尘布252上的灰尘颗粒。
排气，被过滤的废气从排气管29排出，同时，螺旋风中间的废气则直接通过离心筒25的通气腔251进入排气管29排出。
优选地，排气步骤之后，还具有步骤：
落尘，启动动力机31带动转轴32旋转，进而带动防尘布袋36中的通气筒33与其上的螺旋叶片35转动产生离心力，当排气管29排出的废气进入落尘机构30中的防尘布袋36中时，该废气在通气筒33与其上的螺旋叶片35作用力产生螺旋风，将废气以及的灰尘颗粒甩入至防尘布袋36上进行过滤，之后使得灰尘颗粒在重力与螺旋风作用下降落至防尘布袋36底部，而过滤后的废气则通过后续排气管29排出的废气推动下进入至通气筒33的通气口331中，从通气口331进入通气管39排出。
更优选地，落尘步骤之后，还具有步骤：
防尘补位，通气管39排出的废气进而分流机构40的分流管41中，通过分流管41进入至补位防尘机构50中防尘筒53中，使得防尘筒53的防尘过滤布对废气进行灰尘过滤工作，当防尘筒53的防尘过滤布堆积一定灰尘时，控制动齿轮44转动，推动与动齿轮44啮合的被动杆43移动，促使与被动杆43相连的封堵环42沿分流管41的滑道411滑动，脱离防尘筒53的对接口53，此时，启动旋转电机51驱动转体52旋转，带动与转体52相连的防尘筒53脱离分流管41，同时带动另一个防尘筒53与分流管41对接，最后控制齿轮反转，拉动被动杆43与被动杆43相连的封堵环42沿分流管41的滑道411反向滑动，重新使得封堵环42卡 入对接口53中。
更优选地，进入防尘筒53中的废气首先穿入至防尘滤布56中，与防尘底部的固定片55接触，通过固定片55对废气的流动进行缓冲，缓冲后的废气向侧面防尘滤布56流动，使得防尘滤布56对废气进行过滤。
更优选地，防尘滤布56过滤废气时，先经过防尘滤布56内径孔密部小的部分进行过滤，再经过防尘滤布56外径孔密部大的部分进行过滤。
尽管上面对本发明说明性的具体实施方式进行了描述，以便于本技术领域的技术人员能够理解本发明，但是本发明不仅限于具体实施方式的范围，对本技术领域的普通技术人员而言，只要各种变化只要在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明精神和范围内，一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，其中，包括：
    进气管；
    分尘机构，所述分尘机构包括：
    分尘空间，所述分尘空间左侧连通所述进气管；
    驱动机，所述驱动机设置在所述分尘空间的左侧端；
    转杆，所述转杆连接所述驱动机；
    螺旋结构，所述螺旋结构设置在所述转杆上；
    离心筒，所述转杆穿入至所述离心筒中，所述离心筒具有：
    通气腔，所述转杆位于所述通气腔中；
    滤尘布，所述滤尘布环绕设置在所述离心筒外表面；
    支撑筋，所述转杆通过所述支撑筋固定连接所述离心筒；
    排气管，所述排气管连通所述分尘空间的右侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，其中，所述分尘机构还包括：
    排尘口，所述排尘口连通所述分尘空间的底部，所述排尘口位于所述离心筒下方。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，其中，所述分尘机构还包括：
    第一集料箱，所述第一集料箱连通所述排尘口。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，其中，所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置还包括落尘机构，所述落尘机构设置在所述分尘机构的右侧。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，其中，所述落尘机构包括：
    动力机；
    转轴，所述转柱呈纵向设置，所述转轴连接所述动力机；
    通气筒，所述通气筒套在所述转轴上，所述通气筒具有：
    通气口，所述转轴位于所述通气口中；
    固定筋，所述固定筋连接所述通气筒与所述转轴；
    螺旋叶片，所述螺旋叶片分布设置在所述通气筒外表面；
    防尘布袋，所述防尘布袋具有：
    防尘空间，所述排气管与所述防尘空间的左端相连通，所述通气口连通所述防尘空 间，所述通气筒位于所述防尘空间中；
    通气管，所述通气管连通所述通气口。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，其中，所述防尘布袋底部具有支板，所述支板与所述转轴活动连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，其中，所述落尘机构具有第二集料箱，所述第二集料箱与所述防尘布袋底部相连通。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，其中，所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置还包括分流机构与补位防尘机构，所述分流机构设置在所述落尘机构右侧，所述补位防尘机构与分流机构相连。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，其中，所述分流机构包括：
    分流管，所述分流管纵向排布，所述分流管具有多根，所述分流管上下之间隔开，所述分流管连通所述通气管，上下相对的所述分流管的管壁位置上具有：
    滑道；
    封堵环，所述封堵环设置在所述滑道中；
    被动杆，被动杆位于所述分流管的侧端，所述被动杆连接所述封堵环，所述被动杆上具有：
    齿槽；
    动齿轮，位于上方的所述被动杆齿槽啮合在所述动齿轮的一侧，位于下方的所述被动杆齿槽啮合在所述动齿轮的另一侧。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置，其中，所述补位防尘机构包括：
    旋转电机；
    转体，所述旋转电机连接所述转体；
    防尘筒，所述防尘筒连接所述转体，所述防尘筒呈纵向排布，所述防尘筒具有：
    对接口，所述对接口位于所述防尘筒上下端面；
    中空环片，所述中空环片设置在所述防尘筒中；
    固定片，所述固定片设置在所述中空环片下端，所述固定片与所述中空环片同轴；
    防尘滤布，所述防尘滤布为筒状，所述防尘滤布外径孔密度大于所述防尘滤布内径孔密度，上端连接所述中空环片的底部，所述防尘滤布下端连接所述固定片的顶部；
    所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘装置还包括出气管，所述出气管与位于下方的所述分流管相连通。
  11. 一种钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘方法，包括以下步骤：
    通气，向进气管通入废气；
    离心分尘，启动分尘机构上的驱动机带动转杆旋转，进而带动转杆上的螺旋结构转动，在废气从进气管进入至分尘机构的分尘空间中时，旋转的螺旋结构将促使废气产生旋转运动形成螺旋风，促使废气中的灰尘颗粒被甩至螺旋风的边缘侧，构成螺旋风中间为不带灰尘颗粒的废气，而螺旋风边缘侧则是带有灰尘的废气；
    滤尘，通过螺旋结构右侧离心筒上的滤尘布对螺旋风边缘侧的带有灰尘颗粒的废气过滤；
    脱尘，转杆转动的同时还带动离心筒旋转，离心筒转动时产生离心力，甩落滤尘布上的灰尘颗粒；
    排气，被过滤的废气从排气管排出，同时，螺旋风中间的废气则直接通过离心筒的通气腔进入排气管排出。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘方法，其中，排气步骤之后，还具有步骤：
    落尘，启动动力机带动转轴旋转，进而带动防尘布袋中的通气筒与其上的螺旋叶片转动产生离心力，当排气管排出的废气进入落尘机构中的防尘布袋中时，该废气在通气筒与其上的螺旋叶片作用力产生螺旋风，将废气以及的灰尘颗粒甩入至防尘布袋上进行过滤，之后使得灰尘颗粒在重力与螺旋风作用下降落至防尘布袋底部，而过滤后的废气则通过后续排气管排出的废气推动下进入至通气筒的通气口中，从通气口进入通气管排出。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘方法，其中，落尘步骤之后，还具有步骤：
    防尘补位，通气管排出的废气进而分流机构的分流管中，通过分流管进入至补位防尘机构中防尘筒中，使得防尘筒的防尘过滤布对废气进行灰尘过滤工作，当防尘筒的防尘过滤布堆积一定灰尘时，控制动齿轮转动，推动与动齿轮啮合的被动杆移动，促使与被动杆相连的封堵环沿分流管的滑道滑动，脱离防尘筒的对接口，此时，启动旋转电机驱动转体旋转，带动与转体相连的防尘筒脱离分流管，同时带动另一个防尘筒与分流管对接，最后控制齿轮反转，拉动被动杆与被动杆相连的封堵环沿分流管的滑道反向滑动，重新使得封堵环卡入对接口中。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘方法，其中，进入防尘筒中 的废气首先穿入至防尘滤布中，与防尘底部的固定片接触，通过固定片对废气的流动进行缓冲，缓冲后的废气向侧面防尘滤布流动，使得防尘滤布对废气进行过滤。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述钕铁硼废料加工工艺废气布袋除尘方法，其中，防尘滤布过滤废气时，先经过防尘滤布内径孔密部小的部分进行过滤，再经过防尘滤布外径孔密部大的部分进行过滤。
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