WO2021235530A1 - 球状結晶質シリカ粒子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
球状結晶質シリカ粒子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021235530A1 WO2021235530A1 PCT/JP2021/019250 JP2021019250W WO2021235530A1 WO 2021235530 A1 WO2021235530 A1 WO 2021235530A1 JP 2021019250 W JP2021019250 W JP 2021019250W WO 2021235530 A1 WO2021235530 A1 WO 2021235530A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W74/00—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings
- H10W74/10—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W74/00—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings
- H10W74/40—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/32—Spheres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to spherical crystalline silica particles and a method for producing the same, particularly spherical crystalline silica particles having a high proportion of quartz and a method for producing the same.
- the frequency is increasing due to the increase in the amount of information due to the sophistication of communication technology and the rapid expansion of the use of millimeter wave bands such as millimeter wave radar.
- the circuit board that transmits these high-frequency signals is composed of an electrode and a dielectric board that form a circuit pattern.
- the dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) of the dielectric material is small.
- the dielectric material must have low polarity and a low dipole moment.
- the dielectric material ceramic particles, resins, and composites obtained by combining them are mainly used.
- ceramic particles and resins having a lower dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) are required.
- the resin has a relatively small relative permittivity ( ⁇ r) and is suitable for high-frequency devices, but has a dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) and a coefficient of thermal expansion larger than those of ceramic particles.
- the composite of the ceramic particles for the millimeter wave band and the resin is (1) made into a low dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) of the ceramic particles themselves, and (2) is highly filled with the ceramic particles and has a large dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ). It is suitable to reduce the amount of resin shown.
- Silica (SiO 2 ) particles have been conventionally used as ceramic particles. If the shape of the silica particles is angular, the fluidity, dispersibility, and filling property in the resin are deteriorated, and the manufacturing equipment is also worn. In order to improve these, spherical silica particles are widely used. It is considered that the closer the spherical silica particles are to a true sphere, the better the filling property, fluidity, and mold wear resistance in the resin, and particles having high roundness have been pursued. Furthermore, further improvement of filling property has been studied by optimizing the particle size distribution of the particles.
- the thermal spraying method is used as a method for producing spherical silica.
- the particles are melted by passing them through a high temperature region such as a flame, and the shape of the particles becomes spherical due to surface tension.
- the melted spheroidized particles are collected by airflow so that the particles do not fuse with each other, but the particles after thermal spraying are rapidly cooled. Since silica is rapidly cooled from the molten state, silica does not crystallize, has an amorphous structure, and becomes glass-like particles generally called quartz glass.
- the spherical silica particles produced by the thermal spraying method are amorphous, their thermal expansion rate and thermal conductivity are low.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of the amorphous silica particles is 0.5 ppm / K, and the thermal conductivity is 1.4 W / mK.
- These physical properties are substantially the same as the coefficient of thermal expansion of quartz glass having an amorphous structure without having a crystal structure.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of Si which is the main raw material of the IC chip, is 3 to 5 ppm / K, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the sealing resin for encapsulating the IC chip is extremely larger than that of Si.
- the characteristics required for silica particles for encapsulants include filling property, fluidity, and mold abrasion resistance, which can be blended in a large amount with a resin to maintain the performance as a composite. , Excellent dielectric properties of high frequencies in the millimeter wave band. Since the dielectric property is a physical property value of the material, it is difficult to reduce the dielectric loss tangent of the amorphous silica particles.
- Patent Document 1 is characterized in that a Zn compound is added in an amount of 0.5% by mass or more in terms of ZnO to silica gel having an average particle size of 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m, and this mixture is heat-treated at 900 to 1100 ° C. A method for producing a porous powder having a main crystal phase of quartz is described.
- Patent Document 2 describes an oxide of an alkali metal compound in amorphous spherical silica particles with respect to the total mass of the mass of the amorphous spherical silica particles and the mass of the alkali metal converted into oxides.
- Spherical silica particles mixed in an oxide equivalent of 1 to 5% by mass are heat-treated at 800 ° C. to 1300 ° C.
- spherical crystalline silica particles which has the crystal phase of the above and is characterized in that the amount of quartz crystals is 70% by mass or more of the whole, is shown. However, if the amount of alkali metal added is less than 0.4% by mass and the amount of alkaline earth metal is less than 1% by mass, the appearance probability of quartz is low.
- Non-Patent Document 1 alkali metal oxides are systematically added to the synthesized amorphous spherical silica to form pellets, and then heat treatment is performed to examine the effects of crystallization and phase transition due to the additives. .. According to this, when the additive is lithium oxide (Li 2 O), it is shown that quartz can be obtained by adding 0.5% by mass or more and firing at 800 ° C. or higher.
- the additive lithium oxide (Li 2 O)
- quartz can be obtained by adding 0.5% by mass or more and firing at 800 ° C. or higher.
- Non-Patent Document 2 investigates the effect of cations on the crystallization and phase transition of silica substances. Among them, it has been shown that quartz appears as the most dominant phase by adding 10% LiCl by mass to the synthesized amorphous silica and heat-treating it at 800 ° C.
- the present inventors have aimed to search for filler particles for semiconductor encapsulation having excellent dielectric properties in the millimeter-wave band having a frequency of 30 GHz to 80 GHz, and to fabricate a resin composite for high-frequency devices by mixing them with a resin. ..
- it was found that it is effective to first heat-treat and crystallize spherical molten (amorphous) silica in order to obtain a resin composite having a low dielectric loss tangent. That is, it was confirmed that the dielectric loss tangent in the millimeter wave band (30 GHz to 80 GHz) of crystalline silica is significantly lower than that of amorphous silica which has been widely used in the past.
- the spherical crystalline silica particles become silica particles exhibiting excellent dielectric properties for high-frequency device applications.
- the crystalline silica obtained by heat treatment is quartz, cristobalite or a mixture thereof. Since quartz and cristobalite have different physical characteristics, the crystalline silica phase is preferably a single phase when used as a filler.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for obtaining quartz by crystallizing spherical amorphous silica, in Patent Document 1, 0.5% by mass or more of a zinc compound is added in terms of oxide, and this mixture is heat-treated at 900 to 1100 ° C. Is disclosed. However, as a result of the reproduction test by the present inventors, crystallization itself did not proceed at the heat treatment temperature of 950 ° C. or lower, and it remained amorphous silica. When the heat treatment was performed above 950 ° C, crystallization started to proceed, but the crystallinity remained at about 20% even at 1100 ° C. In addition, the crystal phase that appeared was mainly cristobalite, and a single phase of quartz could not be obtained with a high content.
- spherical silica particles mixed in an oxide equivalent of 1 to 5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the alkali earth metal in terms of oxide are heat-treated at 800 ° C to 1300 ° C.
- Spherical crystals comprising a step of cooling the cooled spherical silica particles, wherein the cooled spherical silica particles have a crystal phase of 90% by mass or more, and the quartz crystals are 70% by mass or more of the whole.
- a method for producing quality silica particles is shown. Calcium is shown as an alkaline earth metal in the examples, but when 0.5% by mass of calcium, which is a comparative example, is added and heat-treated at 1100 ° C., the appearance of quartz is less than 30%. Low. Further, when calcium is added in an amount of less than 1% by mass in terms of oxide, spherical crystalline silica having a high quartz content has not been obtained so far.
- Non-Patent Document 1 shows that quartz can be obtained by adding 0.5% by mass or more of lithium oxide to the synthesized amorphous spherical silica and firing it at 800 ° C. or higher.
- Non-Patent Document 2 shows that 10% by mass of lithium chloride (LiCl) is added to the synthesized amorphous silica and heat-treated at 800 ° C. to allow quartz to appear as the most dominant phase.
- LiCl lithium chloride
- alkaline earth metals such as calcium and alkali metals such as lithium are not preferable as additives to the semiconductor encapsulant. From the viewpoint of normal operation of semiconductor devices and maintenance of mounting reliability, it is necessary to reduce the amount of alkaline earth metal and alkali metal element added.
- Non-Patent Document 3 describes that when heat treatment is performed at 300 ° C to 1200 ° C under 20,000 to 30,000 atm, it crystallizes into quartz, but a pressurizing device at tens of thousands of atmospheres. Is not preferable because the amount of processing is limited and it is difficult to carry out mass production industrially. Although there have been many reports of crystallization experiments using temperature and impurity elements as variable factors, spherical crystals having a crystalline silica content of 40% or more and a quartz ratio of 80% by mass or more in the crystalline silica have been reported so far.
- the present invention has a high crystallization rate while keeping the content of spherical silica particles, that is, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal, suitable as fillers for semiconductor encapsulants having excellent dielectric properties in the millimeter wave band low. It is an object of the present invention to provide spherical crystalline silica particles having a high proportion of quartz and a method for producing the same.
- the powder composed of amorphous silica particles having a circularity of 0.80 or more contains a calcium raw material containing 0.004 or more and less than 1.0% by mass of calcium in terms of oxide, and lithium as an oxide.
- a mixed raw material powder obtained by mixing both a lithium raw material containing 0.02% by mass or more and less than 0.40% by mass in terms of heat at a heat treatment temperature of 850 ° C to 1150 ° C, each of lithium and calcium can be obtained.
- the simultaneous addition of lithium metal and calcium metal to silica exerts a synergistic effect on quartz crystallization, and is added compared to the case where each element is added alone. It is considered that the crystallization of quartz was promoted despite the reduction of the amount.
- the crystalline silica particles obtained by the heat treatment at 850 to 1150 ° C. contain a crystalline silica phase, and the crystalline silica phase is substantially a quartz single phase.
- the term "single phase" as used herein means that the proportion of quartz in the crystalline silica phase is 80% by mass or more, preferably 85.0% by mass or more, and more preferably 90.0% by mass or more.
- the present invention provides the following spherical silica particles and a method for producing the same.
- the circularity is 0.80 or more
- lithium is contained in an oxide equivalent of 0.02% by mass or more and less than 0.40% by mass
- calcium is contained in an oxide equivalent of 0.004% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass.
- % of the spherical crystalline silica particles containing the crystalline silica phase the ratio of the crystalline silica phase to the spherical crystalline silica particles is 40.0% or more, and the above-mentioned Spherical crystalline silica particles in which the proportion of quartz in the crystalline silica phase is 80.0% by mass or more.
- the method for producing spherical crystalline silica particles according to any one of (1) to (4) which comprises a spherical amorphous silica particles having a circularity of 0.80 or more, a calcium raw material, and a calcium raw material.
- a method for producing spherical crystalline silica particles which comprises heat-treating a mixed raw material powder obtained by mixing a lithium raw material at 850 ° C to 1150 ° C.
- It comprises heat-treating a mixed raw material powder obtained by mixing a lithium raw material with spherical amorphous silica particles having a circularity of 0.80 or more and containing a calcium component at 850 ° C to 1150 ° C.
- the present invention comprises heat-treating a mixed raw material powder obtained by mixing a calcium raw material with spherical amorphous silica particles having a circularity of 0.80 or more and containing a lithium component at 850 ° C to 1150 ° C.
- a method for producing spherical crystalline silica particles is
- a method for producing spherical crystalline silica particles which comprises heat-treating spherical amorphous silica particles having a circularity of 0.80 or more and containing a calcium component and a lithium component at 850 ° C to 1150 ° C.
- spherical silica particles suitable for use as a filler for semiconductor encapsulants having excellent dielectric properties in the millimeter wave band, that is, high crystals while keeping the content of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal low It is possible to provide spherical crystalline silica particles having a high crystallization rate and a high proportion of quartz, and a method for producing the same.
- FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of amorphous silica before heat treatment and silica (after heat treatment) according to one aspect of the present invention.
- the spherical crystalline silica according to one aspect of the present invention has a circularity of 0.80 or more, contains lithium in an oxide equivalent of 0.02% by mass or more and less than 0.40% by mass, and contains calcium in an oxide equivalent of 0. Spherical crystalline silica particles containing .004% by mass or more and less than 1.0% by mass and containing a crystalline silica phase, wherein the ratio of the crystalline silica phase to the spherical crystalline silica particles is 40.
- the phase of crystalline silica referred to here is 40.0% or more is the ratio of the phase of crystalline silica to the spherical crystalline silica particles, and the method for obtaining the phase will be described later.
- the crystal structure of silica includes cristobalite, quartz and the like. Silica having these crystal structures has a higher thermal conductivity than amorphous silica. Therefore, in the filler for semiconductor encapsulation, the heat dissipation from the IC chip can be improved by replacing amorphous silica with crystalline silica in an appropriate amount. Further, since crystalline silica has a low dielectric loss tangent in the millimeter wave band, the dielectric loss tangent of the semiconductor encapsulant decreases as more amorphous silica is replaced with crystalline silica in the semiconductor encapsulating filler.
- the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention may be produced by mixing spherical amorphous silica with both a calcium raw material and a lithium raw material and heat-treating the mixture (also referred to as a mixed raw material).
- a mixed raw material obtained by mixing a lithium raw material with spherical amorphous silica particles containing a calcium component may be heat-treated.
- the mixed raw material obtained by mixing the calcium raw material with the spherical amorphous silica particles containing a lithium component may be heat-treated.
- it may be produced by heat-treating spherical amorphous silica particles containing a calcium component and a lithium component.
- Amorphous spherical silica particles as a raw material can be produced by a method such as a thermal spraying method.
- a thermal spraying method natural silica powder pulverized and adjusted to a desired particle size is passed through a flame to melt the particles, and the shape of the particles becomes spherical due to surface tension.
- spherical amorphous silica particles having a circularity of 0.80 or more can be produced.
- the composition of the spherical amorphous silica particles is not particularly limited as long as the main component is silica and the finally obtained spherical crystalline silica particles are in a desired range.
- the composition of the spherical amorphous silica particles may be 98.0% by mass or more of silica (SiO 2 ), and Ca, Li, Al, Na, Mg, Ba as trace-containing elements. , Zn and the like may be included. In one aspect, the composition of the spherical amorphous silica particles may contain less than 0.5% by weight of Zn.
- the calcium raw material is mixed with spherical amorphous silica particles and heat-treated.
- the composition and mixing amount of the calcium raw material are not particularly limited as long as the finally obtained spherical crystalline silica particles are in a desired range, and are appropriately adjusted.
- the calcium raw material may be calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide or the like that are stably present in the atmosphere, or may be natural minerals.
- the calcium raw material can be added in the form of powder, aqueous solution or the like so as to be uniformly mixed with the spherical amorphous silica particles. Further, at least a part of the calcium raw material may be a trace element contained in the spherical amorphous silica particles.
- the spherical amorphous silica particles can be used as a calcium raw material. May be combined with. Further, when the spherical amorphous silica particles contain calcium but are not sufficient, a calcium raw material can be added so that the finally obtained spherical crystalline silica particles have a desired calcium content.
- the lithium raw material is mixed with spherical amorphous silica particles and heat-treated.
- the composition and mixing amount of the lithium raw material are not particularly limited as long as the finally obtained spherical crystalline silica particles are in a desired range, and are appropriately adjusted.
- the form of adding the lithium raw material such as an oxide, a carbonic acid oxide, a hydroxide, and a nitric acid oxide, is not particularly limited. It can be added in the form of a powder, an aqueous solution, or the like so as to be uniformly mixed with the amorphous spherical silica particles.
- the lithium raw material may be a trace element contained in the spherical amorphous silica particles.
- the spherical amorphous silica particles can be used as a lithium raw material. May be combined with.
- a calcium raw material can be added so that the finally obtained spherical crystalline silica particles have a desired lithium content.
- the spherical amorphous silica particles are mixed with both a calcium raw material and a lithium raw material.
- the calcium raw material and / or the lithium raw material may be contained in spherical amorphous silica.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited as long as each raw material is evenly dispersed and mixed in the mixture. Mixing may be performed by a powder mixer. By mixing, the calcium raw material and the lithium raw material come into contact with at least a part of the spherical amorphous silica, and in the subsequent heat treatment step, the crystallization of the spherical amorphous silica, particularly the crystallization into quartz, is promoted.
- the lithium contained in the produced spherical crystalline silica particles is 0.02% by mass or more and less than 0.40% by mass in terms of oxide, and the calcium contained is in terms of oxide.
- Each raw material is mixed and mixed so as to be 0.004% by mass or more and less than 1.0% by mass. Since the total amount of the blended lithium raw material and calcium raw material is not contained in the produced spherical crystalline silica particles, it is preferable to blend them in consideration of the content ratio.
- the mixing is such that the calcium raw material and the lithium raw material are brought into contact with at least a part of the spherical amorphous silica and does not promote the pulverization of the spherical amorphous silica, the circularity thereof is the mixing. There is almost no decrease before and after.
- the temperature for heat-treating the mixed raw material obtained by mixing the spherical amorphous silica particles, the calcium raw material and the lithium raw material is in the temperature range of 850 ° C to 1150 ° C.
- the atmosphere during the heat treatment can be an oxidizing atmosphere such as the atmosphere and an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon. Atmospheric pressure is preferably atmospheric pressure because it is industrially heat-treated in large quantities. If the heat treatment temperature is lower than 850 ° C., crystallization does not proceed or is extremely slow. On the other hand, when the temperature is higher than 1150 ° C., the crystallization of cristobalite proceeds competitively with the quartz crystallization.
- the substantially single phase refers to a state in which the quartz phase occupies 80% by mass or more in the crystalline silica phase contained in the spherical crystalline silica particles.
- the heat treatment temperature is 875 ° C to 1110 ° C.
- the time of the heat treatment can be appropriately adjusted so that the desired degree of crystallinity can be obtained.
- the quartz crystallization of the spherical amorphous silica particles proceeds due to the synergistic effect of the two elements as compared with the case where a single element is present.
- lithium may be added as a lithium raw material (lithium carbonate or the like) at the time of mixing, or may be contained in the spherical amorphous silica particles in advance.
- calcium may be supplied as a calcium raw material (calcium oxide or the like) at the time of mixing, or may be contained in the spherical amorphous silica particles in advance. Since the lithium and calcium are uniformly present in the spherical amorphous silica particles due to diffusion by the heating step, it is considered that the entire spherical amorphous silica particles crystallize into quartz. Therefore, as the heat treatment time becomes longer, lithium and calcium diffuse into the spherical amorphous silica particles, so that crystallization proceeds.
- the crystallization progress is substantially determined by the heat treatment temperature, i.e., the retention time at maximum temperature, so crystallization control is at maximum temperature.
- the holding time may be adjusted.
- the heat treatment time may be adjusted in the range of approximately 1 hour to 48 hours, and may be 3 hours or more or 6 hours or more from the viewpoint of sufficiently promoting crystallization.
- the heat treatment time may be 25 hours or less, 18 hours or less, or 12 hours or less from the viewpoint of cost reduction.
- the mass diffusivity of the lithium element in the spherical amorphous silica particles increases, so that quartz crystallization proceeds.
- the temperature exceeds 1150 ° C. the cristobalite phase appears competitively and quartz is no longer a single phase, so that there is an upper limit to the heat treatment temperature.
- a suitable heat treatment time and temperature may be appropriately selected according to them. The rate of temperature rise and the rate of cooling do not significantly affect the appearance of spherical crystalline silica particles when the heat treatment is performed in an electric furnace.
- the circularity of the spherical crystalline silica of the present invention hardly decreases before and after the heat treatment for crystallization.
- the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention are crystallized at a relatively low temperature by heat treatment at 850 ° C to 1150 ° C, and the circularity hardly decreases in this temperature range.
- Amorphous silica particles may be bonded by fusion or sintering when the temperature exceeds 1100 ° C., but the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention are crystallized at 850 ° C to 1150 ° C (already). Since it is not amorphous), it is possible to completely suppress the bonding of particles due to fusion or sintering.
- the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention have a circularity of 0.80 or more.
- the circularity is less than 0.80, the fluidity, dispersibility, and filling property are not sufficient when used as silica particles or the like of a resin composite composition for a semiconductor encapsulant, and the encapsulant is produced. Equipment wear may be accelerated.
- the average circularity of the spherical amorphous silica particles obtained by thermal spraying may be 0.80 or more. Since the temperature in the heat treatment step for crystallization is 850 to 1150 ° C., the circularity of the silica particles hardly changes before and after the heat treatment.
- the method of the present invention can realize desired spherical crystalline silica particles having a high degree of circularity. From the viewpoint of improving fluidity, dispersibility, filling property, and reducing wear of equipment, the higher the circularity is, the more preferable it is, and it may be 0.85 or more, or 0.90 or more. On the other hand, since it may be difficult to make the circularity 1.0, that is, a perfect circle, the upper limit of the circularity may be 0.99 or less or 0.97 or less.
- the circularity is obtained by "perimeter of the circle corresponding to the projected area of the photographed particle ⁇ perimeter of the image of the photographed particle", and it means that the closer this value is to 1, the closer to the true sphere.
- the circularity of the present invention was determined by a flow-type particle image analysis method.
- spherical crystalline silica particles are flowed into a liquid and imaged as a still image of the particles, and image analysis is performed based on the obtained particle image to obtain the circularity of the spherical crystalline silica particles.
- the average value of these plurality of circularities was defined as the average circularity.
- the average value cannot be obtained correctly.
- At least 100 or more particles are required, preferably 500 or more, and more preferably 1000 or more. In the present invention, about 100 particles were used by using the flow type particle image analyzer "FPIA-3000" (manufactured by Spectris). The circularity of the spherical amorphous silica particles is also determined in the same manner.
- lithium is 0.02% by mass or more and less than 0.40% by mass in terms of oxide, and calcium is converted into oxide. It contains 0.004% by mass or more and less than 1.0% by mass.
- the lower limit of lithium is preferably 0.05% by mass, more preferably 0.10% by mass, and even more preferably 0.25% by mass.
- the upper limit of lithium is preferably less than 0.35% by mass, and more preferably less than 0.30% by mass.
- the preferable lower limit of calcium is 0.20% by mass, and more preferably 0.6% by mass.
- the upper limit of calcium is preferably 0.9% by mass, and more preferably 0.8% by mass.
- the content of lithium and calcium can be measured, for example, by atomic absorption spectrometry, ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Specifically, it was measured using ICP-MS (“7700X” manufactured by Agilent) in accordance with JIS-K0133. An aqueous solution in which silica particles were completely dissolved with hydrofluoric acid was used as a sample.
- the content of the impurity element contained in the silica particles was defined as the content of the impurity element in the silica solution.
- a base solution containing only reagents may be used.
- spherical crystalline silica particles composed of a single phase having a high crystallization rate and a substantially high proportion of quartz can be obtained.
- Lithium and calcium become almost in the form of oxides through heat treatment in the temperature range of 850 to 1150 ° C. for crystallization, after which they react with silica to incorporate lithium and calcium into the silica structure. The content thereof does not change much before and after the heat treatment in the above temperature range.
- the composition of the raw materials is adjusted so that the finally obtained spherical crystalline silica particles have the predetermined lithium and calcium contents in consideration of the degree of the change. It can be adjusted as appropriate.
- the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention contain a phase of crystalline silica, and the ratio of the phase of the crystalline phase silica to the spherical crystalline silica particles is 40.0% or more, and the crystalline silica is present.
- the proportion of quartz in the phase is 80.0% by mass or more.
- the silica particles obtained by the heat treatment are composed of amorphous and crystalline silica, it refers to the abundance ratio of amorphous and crystalline silica (so-called "crystallinity", and is referred to as such in the present specification.
- the type of crystalline silica and its ratio can be determined by XRD.
- the ratio of the crystalline phase can be obtained by calculating from the sum of the integrated intensities of the crystalline peaks (Ic) and the integrated intensities of the amorphous halo portion (Ia) by the following formula. More specifically, the ratio of the phase of crystalline silica contained in the spherical crystalline silica particles can be obtained.
- X (crystal phase ratio) Ic / (Ic + Ia) ⁇ 100 (%)
- the quantitative analysis by X-ray diffraction was performed by using the analysis method by the Rietveld method, and the quantitative analysis was performed without using a standard sample.
- an X-ray diffractometer "D2 PHASER” manufactured by Bruker
- Quantitative analysis of the crystal phase by the Rietveld method was performed by the crystal structure analysis software "TOPAS” (manufactured by Bruker).
- the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention contain a phase of crystalline silica, and the ratio of the phase of the crystalline silica to the spherical crystalline silica particles is 40.0% or more, that is, 40.0%. It has the above-mentioned high crystallinity, and its dielectric positive contact is significantly lower than that of amorphous silica, which is preferable. From the viewpoint of reducing the dielectric loss tangent, the higher the crystallinity is, the more preferable it is, and it may be 70.0% or more, and more preferably 80.0% or more.
- the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention contain a phase of crystalline silica, and the proportion of quartz in the phase of the crystalline silica is high, 80.0% by mass or more, and is substantially a single quartz phase. Therefore, various characteristics such as the coefficient of thermal expansion and the thermal conductivity of the spherical crystalline silica particles are substantially determined by the characteristics of quartz, that is, they do not fluctuate, and are preferable when used as a filler or the like. From the above viewpoint, the higher the proportion of quartz, the more preferable it is, and it may be 85.0% by mass or more, and more preferably 90.0% by mass or more.
- the average particle size (D50) of the spherical crystalline silica particles may be 3 to 100 ⁇ m. If the average particle size is less than 3 ⁇ m, the cohesiveness of the particles becomes large and the fluidity is remarkably lowered, which is not preferable. If the average particle size exceeds 100 ⁇ m, voids between the particles tend to remain and it becomes difficult to improve the filling property, which is not preferable. More preferably, the average particle size is in the range of 10 to 80 ⁇ m. The particle size of the spherical amorphous silica particles before the heat treatment hardly changes before and after the heat treatment in the temperature range of 850 to 1150 ° C.
- a median diameter D50 having a cumulative volume of 50% was determined in a volume-based particle size distribution measured by a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measurement method.
- the laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measurement method is a method in which a dispersion liquid in which spherical crystalline silica particles are dispersed is irradiated with laser light, and the particle size distribution is obtained from the intensity distribution pattern of the diffraction / scattering light emitted from the dispersion liquid.
- a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring device "CILAS920" manufactured by Cirrus was used.
- the average particle size of the spherical amorphous silica particles can be obtained in the same manner.
- a resin composite composition such as a semiconductor encapsulant (particularly a solid encapsulant) and an interlayer insulating film can be obtained by using a slurry composition containing spherical crystalline silica particles and a resin. Further, by curing these resin complex compositions, a resin complex such as a sealing material (cured body) and a substrate for a semiconductor package can be obtained.
- the resin composite composition for example, in addition to the spherical crystalline silica particles and the resin, a curing agent, a curing accelerator, a flame retardant, a silane coupling agent and the like are blended as necessary, and known for kneading and the like. Complex by method. Then, it is molded according to the application such as pellet form or film form.
- the resin composite composition when the resin composite composition is cured to produce a resin composite, for example, the resin composite composition is melted by applying heat to be processed into a shape suitable for the intended use, and the heat is higher than that at the time of melting. In addition, it is completely cured. In this case, a known method such as a transfer molding method can be used. It was
- a known resin when manufacturing a semiconductor-related material such as a packaging substrate or an interlayer insulating film, a known resin can be applied as the resin used for the resin composite composition, but it is preferable to use an epoxy resin.
- the epoxy resin is not particularly limited, but for example, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, biphenyl type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, cresol novolac type epoxy resin, naphthalene type epoxy resin, phenoxy type epoxy resin and the like. Can be used. One of these can be used alone, or two or more having different molecular weights can be used in combination. Among these, an epoxy resin having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule is preferable from the viewpoint of curability, heat resistance and the like.
- biphenyl type epoxy resin phenol novolac type epoxy resin, orthocresol novolak type epoxy resin, epoxidized phenols and aldehydes novolak resin, glycidyl ether such as bisphenol A, bisphenol F and bisphenol S, Glycidyl ester acid epoxy resin, linear aliphatic epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, heterocyclic epoxy resin, alkyl-modified polyfunctionality obtained by the reaction of polybasic acids such as phthalic acid and dimer acid with epochlorhydrin.
- glycidyl ether such as bisphenol A, bisphenol F and bisphenol S
- Glycidyl ester acid epoxy resin linear aliphatic epoxy resin
- alicyclic epoxy resin alicyclic epoxy resin
- heterocyclic epoxy resin alkyl-modified polyfunctionality obtained by the reaction of polybasic acids such as phthalic acid and dimer acid with epochlorhydrin.
- Examples thereof include an epoxy resin into which the halogen of the above is introduced.
- the epoxy resins having two or more epoxy groups in one of these molecules the bisphenol A type epoxy resin is particularly preferable.
- a resin used for a resin composite composition such as a prepreg for a printed circuit board and various engineer plastics for applications other than the composite material for a semiconductor encapsulant
- a resin other than an epoxy-based resin can also be applied.
- polyamide such as silicone resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, urea resin, unsaturated polyester, fluororesin, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyetherimide, etc.; polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, etc.
- Polyester Polyphenylene sulfide, aromatic polyester, polysulfone, liquid crystal polymer, polyether sulfone, polycarbonate, maleimide modified resin, ABS resin, AAS (acrylonitrile-acrylic rubber / styrene) resin, AES (acrylonitrile / ethylene / propylene / diene rubber-styrene) ) Resin is mentioned.
- AAS acrylonitrile-acrylic rubber / styrene
- AES acrylonitrile / ethylene / propylene / diene rubber-styrene
- Resin is mentioned.
- a known curing agent may be used for curing the resin, but for example, a phenol-based curing agent can be used.
- a phenol novolac resin, an alkylphenol novolak resin, polyvinylphenols and the like can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the compounding amount of the phenol curing agent is preferably 0.1 or more and less than 1.0 in the equivalent ratio (phenolic hydroxyl group equivalent / epoxy group equivalent) with the epoxy resin. As a result, the unreacted phenol curing agent does not remain, and the hygroscopic heat resistance is improved.
- the amount of the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention added to the resin composite composition is preferably large from the viewpoint of heat resistance and coefficient of thermal expansion, but is usually 70% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, preferably 80% by mass. % Or more and 95% by mass or less, more preferably 85% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less. This is because if the blending amount of the silica powder is too small, it is difficult to obtain effects such as improving the strength of the encapsulating material and suppressing thermal expansion, and conversely, if it is too large, it is related to the surface treatment of the silica powder. This is because segregation due to aggregation of silica powder is likely to occur in the composite material, and the viscosity of the composite material becomes too large, which makes it difficult to put it into practical use as a sealing material.
- silane coupling agent a known coupling agent may be used, but one having an epoxy-based functional group is preferable.
- Amorphous silica particles containing calcium were prepared by thermal spraying. Lithium carbonate particles were mixed with the spherical amorphous silica particles, filled in an alumina container, and heat-treated in an air atmosphere (atmospheric pressure) using an electric furnace SUPER-BURN (manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd.). The mixing amount of lithium carbonate is 0.25% by mass in terms of oxide with respect to the total mass of the mass of spherical amorphous silica and the mass of lithium in terms of oxide, and calcium contained in the amorphous silica particles. Was 0.004% by mass in terms of oxide. The temperature was raised to 900 ° C.
- Example 1 1000 ° C. (Example 2), and 1100 ° C. (Example 3) at a heating rate of 300 ° C./hour, and held for 6 hours. Then, the temperature was cooled to room temperature at a temperature lowering rate of about 100 ° C./hour.
- Examples 4 to 6 Amorphous silica particles containing calcium were prepared by thermal spraying. The amount of calcium contained in the amorphous silica particles was 0.0040% by mass. 0.10% by mass (Example 4) and 0.07% by mass (Example 4) of lithium carbonate in terms of oxide with respect to the total mass of the mass of spherical amorphous silica and the mass of lithium converted to oxide. 5), 0.05% by mass (Example 6) were mixed. The heating rate was 300 ° C./hour, the temperature was raised to 930 ° C. (Example 4), 1030 ° C. (Example 5), and 1130 ° C. (Example 6), and the temperature was maintained for 6 hours. Then, it was cooled to room temperature at a heating rate of 100 ° C./hour.
- Example 7 Amorphous silica particles containing calcium were prepared by thermal spraying. 0.25% by mass of lithium carbonate particles in terms of oxide is mixed with the total mass of the mass of spherical amorphous silica and the mass of lithium in terms of oxide, and the calcium contained in the amorphous silica particles is It was 0.24% by mass in terms of oxide.
- the temperature was raised to 900 ° C. (Example 7), 1000 ° C. (Example 8), and 1100 ° C. (Example 9) at a heating rate of 300 ° C./hour, and held for 6 hours. Except for the above, the heat treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 10 to Example 12 Amorphous silica particles containing calcium were prepared by thermal spraying. 0.25% by mass of lithium carbonate particles in terms of oxide is mixed with the total mass of the mass of spherical amorphous silica and the mass of lithium in terms of oxide, and calcium contained in the amorphous silica particles is mixed. Was 0.66% by mass in terms of oxide. Then, the temperature was raised to 900 ° C. (Example 10), 1000 ° C. (Example 11), and 1100 ° C. (Example 12) at a heating rate of 300 ° C./hour, and held for 6 hours. Then, the temperature was cooled to room temperature at a temperature lowering rate of about 100 ° C./hour.
- Example 13 Amorphous silica particles containing calcium were prepared by thermal spraying. Calcium contained in the amorphous silica particles by mixing 0.05% by mass of lithium carbonate particles in terms of oxide with the total mass of the mass of spherical amorphous silica and the mass of lithium converted to oxide. Was 0.66% by mass in terms of oxide. After that, the temperature was raised to 925 ° C. in Example 13 and to 1080 ° C. in Example 14 at a heating rate of 300 ° C./hour. Then, the heat treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was held for 6 hours in Example 13 and for 24 hours in Example 14.
- Example 15 Amorphous silica particles containing calcium were prepared by thermal spraying. 0.10% by mass (Example 15) and 0.02% by mass (implementation) of lithium carbonate particles in terms of oxide with respect to the total mass of the mass of spherical amorphous silica and the mass of lithium converted to oxide.
- Example 16 After mixing, the amount of calcium contained in the amorphous silica particles was 0.66% by mass in terms of oxide. After that, the temperature was raised to 925 ° C. in Example 15 and to 950 ° C. in Example 16 at a heating rate of 300 ° C./hour. After that, heat treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture was held for 6 hours.
- Amorphous silica particles were prepared by thermal spraying. After mixing calcium hydroxide particles and lithium carbonate particles with the spherical amorphous silica particles, the particles are filled in an alumina container and used in an electric furnace SUPER-BURN (manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd.) under an atmospheric atmosphere (atmospheric pressure). ) Was heat-treated.
- the mixing amount of calcium hydroxide is 0.48% by mass in terms of oxide with respect to the total mass of the mass of spherical amorphous silica, the mass of calcium converted to oxide, and the mass of lithium converted to oxide.
- the mixing amount of lithium was 0.04% by mass (Example 17), 0.06% by mass (Example 18), 0.08% by mass (Example 19), and 0.10% by mass (implementation) in terms of oxides.
- Example 20 The heating rate was 300 ° C./hour, the temperature was raised to 925 ° C., and the temperature was maintained for 12 hours. Then, the temperature was cooled to room temperature at a temperature lowering rate of about 100 ° C./hour.
- Example 21 Amorphous silica particles containing calcium and lithium were prepared by thermal spraying.
- the spherical amorphous silica particles were filled in an alumina container and heat-treated in an atmospheric atmosphere (atmospheric pressure) using an electric furnace SUPER-BURN (manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd.).
- Calcium contained in the amorphous silica particles was 0.82% by mass in terms of oxide, and lithium was 0.08% by mass in terms of oxide.
- the temperature was raised to 950 ° C. (Example 21) and 1050 ° C. (Example 22) at a rate of temperature rise of 300 ° C./hour, and maintained for 24 hours. Then, the temperature was cooled to room temperature at a temperature lowering rate of about 100 ° C./hour.
- amorphous silica particles containing lithium were produced by thermal spraying. After mixing the calcium compound particles with the spherical amorphous silica particles, the spherical amorphous silica particles are filled in an alumina container and used in an electric furnace SUPER-BURN (manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd.) to create an atmospheric atmosphere. The heat treatment was performed in the range of 850 ° C to 1150 ° C under the pressure (atmosphere).
- Example 1 Amorphous silica particles containing 0.004% by mass of calcium in terms of oxide were prepared by thermal spraying. The heat treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the lithium carbonate particles were not mixed with the spherical amorphous silica particles, and then the temperature was raised to 900 ° C. at 300 ° C./hour and held for 6 hours. went.
- Example 2 Amorphous silica particles containing calcium were prepared by thermal spraying. Lithium carbonate particles are mixed at 0.25% by mass in terms of oxide with respect to the total mass of the mass of spherical amorphous silica and the mass of lithium converted to oxide, and the calcium contained in the amorphous silica particles is oxidized. The temperature was set to 0.004% by mass in terms of physical substances, and then the temperature was raised to 1200 ° C. at 300 ° C./hour, and heat treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature was maintained for 6 hours.
- Amorphous silica particles containing calcium were prepared by thermal spraying. Lithium carbonate particles are mixed at 0.25% by mass in terms of oxide with respect to the total mass of the mass of spherical amorphous silica and the mass of lithium converted to oxide, and the calcium contained in the amorphous silica particles is oxidized. The temperature was set to 0.24% by mass in terms of physical substances, and then the temperature was raised to 1200 ° C. (Comparative Example 3) and 800 ° C. (Comparative Example 4) at 300 ° C./hour, and the temperature was maintained for 6 hours. The heat treatment was performed in the same manner as in 1.
- Amorphous silica particles containing calcium were prepared by thermal spraying. Lithium carbonate particles are mixed at 0.25% by mass in terms of oxide with respect to the total mass of the mass of spherical amorphous silica and the mass of lithium converted to oxide, and the calcium contained in the amorphous silica particles is oxidized.
- the temperature was set to 0.0014% by mass in terms of physical substances, and then the temperature was raised to 900 ° C. at 300 ° C./hour, and heat treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature was maintained for 6 hours.
- Amorphous silica particles containing calcium were prepared by thermal spraying. Lithium carbonate particles are mixed in an oxide equivalent of 0.01% by mass with respect to the total mass of the mass of spherical amorphous silica and the mass of lithium converted to oxide, and the calcium contained in the amorphous silica particles is oxidized.
- the temperature was set to 0.66% by mass in terms of physical substances, and then the temperature was raised to 925 ° C. at 300 ° C./hour, and heat treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature was maintained for 6 hours.
- Example 7 Amorphous silica particles containing 0.66% by mass of calcium in terms of metal were prepared by thermal spraying. The heat treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the lithium carbonate particles were not mixed with the spherical amorphous silica particles, and then the temperature was raised to 1100 ° C. at 300 ° C./hour and held for 6 hours. went.
- the abundance ratio of amorphous and crystalline silica of the silica particles obtained by heat treatment, the type of crystalline silica, and the ratio thereof were determined by XRD.
- an X-ray diffractometer "D2 PHASER” manufactured by Bruker
- Quantitative analysis of the crystal phase by the Rietveld method was performed by the crystal structure analysis software "TOPAS” (manufactured by Bruker).
- the circularity was determined by the flow type particle image analysis method.
- a flow type particle image analyzer "FPIA-3000" manufactured by Spectris was used.
- the content of impurity elements such as lithium and calcium in the spherical silica particles of the present invention was measured by ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Specifically, it was measured using ICP-MS (“7700X” manufactured by Agilent) in accordance with JIS-K0133. An aqueous solution in which silica particles were completely dissolved with hydrofluoric acid was used as a sample. Here, the content of the impurity element contained in the silica particles was defined as the content of the impurity element in the silica solution. For the calibration curve, a base solution containing only reagents was used.
- the average particle size (D50) of the spherical quartz particles was measured by a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring method.
- a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring device "CILAS920" manufactured by Cyrus was used.
- the lithium content is in the range of 0.02% by mass or more and less than 0.40% by mass in terms of oxide, and the phase of crystalline silica is used.
- the ratio of the crystalline silica phase to the spherical crystalline silica particles was 40.0% or more, and the proportion of quartz in the crystalline silica phase was 80% by mass or more.
- the spherical crystalline silica particles of the examples according to the present invention had a circularity of 0.83 to 0.95.
- the average particle size of the spherical amorphous silica particles containing 0.004% by mass of calcium in terms of oxide was 35.1 ⁇ m, whereas the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention using this raw material had an average particle size of 35.1 ⁇ m. , 35.2 ⁇ m to 35.6 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the spherical amorphous silica particles containing 0.24% by mass of calcium was 33.8 ⁇ m, whereas the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention using this raw material had an average particle size of 33.3 ⁇ m or more. It was 33.9 ⁇ m.
- the spherical amorphous silica particles containing 0.66% by mass of calcium in terms of oxide were 41.1 ⁇ m, whereas the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention using this raw material were 40. It was 9 ⁇ m to 41.5 ⁇ m. Further, a mixture obtained by mixing a calcium raw material containing 0.48% by mass of calcium in terms of oxide and a lithium raw material containing 0.04 to 0.10% by mass of lithium in terms of oxide with amorphous silica particles.
- the average particle size of the spherical amorphous silica particles was 32.3 ⁇ m, whereas the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention using this mixed raw material powder had 31. It was 6 ⁇ m to 35.1 ⁇ m. Further, in the spherical amorphous silica particles containing 0.82% by mass and 0.08% by mass, respectively, of calcium and lithium in terms of oxide, the average particle size was 21.5 ⁇ m, whereas this raw material.
- the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention using the above were 20.3 ⁇ m and 21.9 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 to Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 Further, comparing Example 7 to Example 9 and Comparative Example 3, the cristobalite content increases when the heat treatment temperature becomes high, and in the phase of crystalline silica at 1200 ° C. It can be seen that the proportion of quartz is less than 80% by mass. Further, comparing Examples 7 to 9 with Comparative Example 4, crystallization does not proceed at a heat treatment temperature of 800 ° C., and the ratio of the phase of crystalline silica in the spherical crystalline silica particles is less than 40%. I understand.
- the preferred heat treatment temperature is 850 ° C to 1150 ° C. A more preferable temperature range is 875 ° C to 1100 ° C.
- the zinc content of the spherical crystalline silica particles used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention is less than 1.0 ppm in terms of metal content, and the total of alkali metals (K and Na) other than lithium is a metal.
- the total amount of alkaline earth metals (Mg + Ba) other than calcium was 1.8 to 42 ppm, and that of aluminum metal was 90 to 4552 ppm.
- the spherical crystalline silica particles of the present invention are not limited to the semiconductor encapsulating material, and can be used for other purposes. Specifically, it can also be used as a prepreg for printed circuit boards, various engineering plastics, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 円形度が0.80以上であり、リチウムを酸化物換算で0.02質量%以上0.40質量%未満含有し、カルシウムを酸化物換算で0.004質量%以上1.0質量%未満含有し、結晶質シリカの相を含んでなる、球状結晶質シリカ粒子であって、当該球状結晶質シリカ粒子における前記結晶質シリカの相の割合が40.0%以上であり、かつ前記結晶質シリカの相に占める石英の割合が80.0質量%以上である球状結晶質シリカ粒子。
(2) 前記結晶質シリカの相の割合が70.0%以上であり、かつ前記結晶質シリカの相に占める石英の割合が85.0質量%以上である(1)に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子。
(3) 前記結晶質シリカの相の割合が80.0%以上であり、かつ結晶質シリカの相に占める石英の割合が90.0質量%以上である前記(2)に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子。
(4) 平均粒径(D50)が3~100μmである前記(1)~(3)のいずれか1つに記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子。
(5)(1)~(4)のいずれか1つに記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法であって、円形度が0.80以上である球状非晶質シリカ粒子に、カルシウム原料およびリチウム原料を混合して得られた混合原料粉体を、850℃~1150℃で熱処理することを含む、球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法。
(6)(1)~(4)のいずれか1項に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法であって、
円形度が0.80以上で、且つ、カルシウム成分を含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子に、リチウム原料を混合して得られた混合原料粉体を、850℃~1150℃で熱処理することを含む、球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法。
(7)(1)~(4)のいずれか1項に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法であって、
円形度が0.80以上で、且つ、リチウム成分を含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子に、カルシウム原料を混合して得られた混合原料粉体を、850℃~1150℃で熱処理することを含む、球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法。
(8)(1)~(4)のいずれか1項に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法であって、
円形度が0.80以上で、且つ、カルシウム成分及びリチウム成分を含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子を、850℃~1150℃で熱処理することを含む、球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法。
(9)前記熱処理の温度が、875℃~1110℃である、(5)~(8)のいずれか1項に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法。
本発明の球状結晶質シリカ粒子は、球状非晶質シリカを、カルシウム原料およびリチウム原料の両方と混合し、当該混合物(混合原料ともいう)を熱処理して製造wしてもよい。
一態様によれば、カルシウム成分を含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子に、リチウム原料を混合して得られた混合原料を熱処理して製造してもよい。
または、リチウム成分を含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子に、カルシウム原料を混合して得られた混合原料を熱処理して製造してもよい。
あるいは、カルシウム成分及びリチウム成分を含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子を熱処理して製造してもよい。
原料となる非晶質の球状シリカ粒子は、溶射法などの方法により作製することができる。溶射法では、粉砕して所望の粒径に調整した天然シリカ粉体を、火炎中を通過させることにより、粒子が融解し、粒子の形状は表面張力により球状となる。このような溶射法によって、円形度0.80以上の球状非晶質シリカ粒子を作製することができる。
球状非晶質シリカ粒子の組成は、主成分がシリカであって、最終的に得られる球状結晶質シリカ粒子が所望の範囲になるものであれば、特に限定はされない。一態様として、球状非晶質シリカ粒子の組成は、98.0質量%以上がシリカ(SiO2)であってもよい、また、微量含有元素として、Ca、Li、Al、Na、Mg、Ba、Zn等を含んでもよい。一態様では、球状非晶質シリカ粒子の組成が、Znを0.5質量%未満含んでもよい。
カルシウム原料は、球状非晶質シリカ粒子と混合され、熱処理される。カルシウム原料の組成、混合量は、最終的に得られる球状結晶質シリカ粒子が、所望の範囲になるものであれば、特に限定されず、適宜調整される。カルシウム原料は、大気中で安定して存在する水酸化カルシウムや酸化カルシウム等であってもよく、天然鉱物であってもよい。カルシウム原料は、球状非晶質シリカ粒子と均一に混合されるように、粉体や水溶液等の状態で添加することができる。また、カルシウム原料の少なくとも一部が、球状非晶質シリカ粒子に含有される微量元素であってもよい。例えば、球状非晶質シリカ粒子が、十分にカルシウムを含有しており、最終的に得られる球状結晶質シリカ粒子で所望のカルシウム含有量となるのであれば、球状非晶質シリカ粒子をカルシウム原料と兼用してもよい。また、球状非晶質シリカ粒子が、カルシウムを含むが、十分ではない場合、最終的に得られる球状結晶質シリカ粒子で所望のカルシウム含有量となるように、カルシウム原料を添加することができる。
リチウム原料は、球状非晶質シリカ粒子と混合され、熱処理される。リチウム原料の組成、混合量は、最終的に得られる球状結晶質シリカ粒子が、所望の範囲になるものであれば、特に限定されず、適宜調整される。リチウム原料は、酸化物、炭酸化物、水酸化物、硝酸化物など、添加する形態は特に制限されない。非晶質の球状シリカ粒子と均一に混合されるように、粉体や水溶液等の状態で添加することができる。また、リチウム原料の少なくとも一部が、球状非晶質シリカ粒子に含有される微量元素であってもよい。例えば、球状非晶質シリカ粒子が、十分にリチウムを含有しており、最終的に得られる球状結晶質シリカ粒子で所望のリチウム含有量となるのであれば、球状非晶質シリカ粒子をリチウム原料と兼用してもよい。また、球状非晶質シリカ粒子が、リチウムを含むが、十分ではない場合、最終的に得られる球状結晶質シリカ粒子で所望のリチウム含有量となるように、カルシウム原料を添加することができる。
球状非晶質シリカ粒子は、カルシウム原料およびリチウム原料の両方と混合される。なお、カルシウム原料および/またはリチウム原料は、球状非晶質シリカに含有されるものであってもよい。混合する手法は、混合物中で各原料が均等に分散して混合されるものであれば、特に限定されない。混合は粉体ミキサーにより行ってもよい。混合により、球状非晶質シリカの少なくとも一部に、カルシウム原料およびリチウム原料が接触し、続く熱処理工程で、球状非晶質シリカの結晶化、特に石英への結晶化が促進される。
混合の際は、製造される球状結晶質シリカ粒子に含有されるリチウムが酸化物換算で0.02質量%以上0.40質量%未満になるように、且つ、含有されるカルシウムが酸化物換算で0.004質量%以上1.0質量%未満になるように、それぞれの原料を配合して混合する。なお、配合したリチウム原料やカルシウム原料の全量が、製造される球状結晶質シリカ粒子中に含有される訳ではないので、含有される率を考慮して配合することが好ましい。
なお、混合は、球状非晶質シリカの少なくとも一部に、カルシウム原料およびリチウム原料を接触させるものであり、球状非晶質シリカの粉砕を促進するものではないので、その円形度は、混合の前後でほとんど低下しない。
球状非晶質シリカ粒子とカルシウム原料とリチウム原料とを混合した混合原料を熱処理する温度は、850℃~1150℃の温度範囲で行う。熱処理時の雰囲気は、大気などの酸化雰囲気および窒素やアルゴンなどの不活性ガス雰囲気で行うことができる。雰囲気圧は、工業的に大量に熱処理することから大気圧が好ましい。熱処理温度は、850℃より低いと結晶化が進行しないか、もしくは著しく遅い。一方、1150℃よりも高温であると、クリストバライトの結晶化が石英結晶化と競争的に進行する。その結果、実質的な石英単相である球状結晶質シリカ粒子を得ることができなくなる。ここで実質的な単相とは、球状結晶質シリカ粒子に含まれる結晶質シリカの相において80質量%以上を石英相が占める状態を指す。好ましくは、熱処理温度は、875℃~1110℃である。
また、熱処理温度が高くなると球状非晶質シリカ粒子内でのリチウム元素の拡散係数は、大きくなるため、石英結晶化が進行する。ただし、1150℃を超えると、クリストバライト相が競争的に出現し、石英が単相でなくなるため熱処理温度には上限がある。
また、拡散の程度は、リチウム原料やカルシウム原料の種類および添加量により変わるため、それらに応じて好適な熱処理の時間および温度を適宜選択してもよい。
なお、昇温速度や、冷却速度は、電気炉で熱処理を行う場合、球状結晶質シリカ粒子の出現には大きな影響を与えない。
(円形度)
本発明の球状結晶質シリカ粒子は、円形度が0.80以上である。
円形度が0.80未満であると、半導体封止材用の樹脂複合組成物のシリカ粒子等として利用する場合に、流動性、分散性、充填性が十分でなく、また封止材作製用機器の摩耗が促進される場合がある。溶射で得られた球状非晶質シリカ粒子の平均円形度は0.80以上であってよい。結晶化のための熱処理工程での温度は、850~1150℃であるので、熱処理前後でシリカ粒子の円形度はほとんど変化しない。そして溶射法であれば、容易に平均円形度の高い粒子を得ることができる。この結果、本発明の方法では、所望する円形度の高い球状結晶質シリカ粒子を実現できる。流動性、分散性、充填性の向上や機器の摩耗低減の観点から、円形度は高いほど好ましく、0.85以上でもよく、0.90以上でもよい。一方で、円形度が1.0、すなわち完全な円形にすることは困難な場合があるので、円形度の上限を0.99以下または0.97以下であってもよい。
本発明の、球状結晶質シリカ粒子は、当該シリカ粒子の質量を基準(100質量%)として、リチウムを酸化物換算で0.02質量%以上0.40質量%未満、カルシウムを酸化物換算で0.004質量%以上1.0質量%未満含有する。リチウムの好ましい下限は0.05質量%であり、より好ましくは0.10質量%であり、さらに好ましくは0.25質量%であってもよい。また、リチウムの好ましい上限は0.35質量%未満であり、より好ましくは0.30質量%未満であってもよい。カルシウムの好ましい下限は0.20質量%であり、より好ましくは0.6質量%であってもよい。また、カルシウムの好ましい上限は0.9質量%であり、より好ましくは0.8質量%であってもよい。リチウムおよびカルシウムの含有量は、例えば原子吸光法、ICP質量分析(ICP-MS)により測定することができる。具体的には、JIS-K0133に準拠し、ICP-MS(アジレント製「7700X」)を用いて測定した。フッ化水素酸によりシリカ粒子を完全溶解させた水溶液を試料として用いた。ここでは、シリカ粒子中に含まれる不純物元素含有量を、シリカ溶解液中の不純物元素含有量とした。検量線は、試薬のみのベース液を用いてもよい。上記の範囲のリチウムおよびカルシウムを含有するような組成で、特定の熱処理を行なうことにより、高い結晶化率で、かつ実質的に石英の割合が高い、単相からなる球状結晶質シリカ粒子を得ることができる。リチウムおよびカルシウムは、結晶化させるための850~1150℃の温度範囲の熱処理を通じて、ほぼ酸化物の形態で存在するようになり、その後、シリカと反応してシリカ構造中にリチウムやカルシウムは取り込まれていき、前記温度範囲の熱処理の前後でそれらの含有量はほとんど変らない。熱処理前後で、リチウムおよびカルシウムの含有量が変化する場合、変化の程度を考慮して、最終的に得られる球状結晶質シリカ粒子で所定のリチウムおよびカルシウム含有量となるように、原料の組成を適宜調整することができる。
本発明の、球状結晶質シリカ粒子は、結晶質シリカの相を含んでおり、当該球状結晶質シリカ粒子における前記結晶相シリカの相の割合が40.0 %以上であり、かつ前記結晶質シリカの相に占める石英の割合が80.0質量%以上である。
熱処理で得られたシリカ粒子が非晶質および結晶質シリカから構成される場合、非晶質と結晶質シリカの存在割合(いわゆる「結晶化度」を指し、本明細書でそのように呼称することがある)ならびに結晶質シリカ種類と、その割合は、XRDで求めることができる。XRD測定では、結晶質ピークの積分強度の和(Ic)と非晶質のハロー部分の積分強度(Ia)から、以下の式で計算することにより結晶相の割合を求めることができる。より具体的には、球状結晶質シリカ粒子に含まれる結晶質シリカの相の割合を求めることができる。
X(結晶相割合)=Ic/(Ic+Ia)×100 (%)
本発明では、2Θ=10°~90°の範囲でXRD測定を実施した。当該2Θ測定範囲に現れる結晶質ピーク強度の和と、2Θ=22°付近に出現するブロードな非晶質に起因するハロー部分の積分強度から結晶相割合を求めた。
さらに、クリストバライト、石英等の結晶相の種類およびそれぞれの割合(質量%)は、X線回折により定量分析することで求めることができる。本発明ではX線回折による定量分析を、リートベルト法による解析方法を用い、標準試料を用いずに定量分析を行った。本発明では、X線回折装置「D2 PHASER」(ブルカー社製)を用いた。リードベルト法による結晶相の定量分析は、結晶構造解析ソフトウエア「TOPAS」(ブルカー社製)にて行った。
本発明の一態様では、球状結晶質シリカ粒子の平均粒径(D50)は、3~100μmであってもよい。平均粒径が3μm未満であると、粒子の凝集性が大きくなり流動性が著しく低下するため、好ましくない。平均粒径が100μmを超えると粒子間の空隙が残存しやすく充填性を上げることが困難となり、好ましくない。平均粒径が10~80μmの範囲が、より好ましい。 熱処理前の球状非晶質シリカ粒子は、850~1150℃の温度範囲の熱処理前後で粒径がほとんど変化しない。
本発明によって、最終的に得られた球状結晶質シリカ粒子と樹脂との複合組成物、さらには樹脂複合組成物を硬化した樹脂複合体を製造することができる。樹脂複合組成物の組成について、以下に説明する。
樹脂複合組成物に用いられる硬化剤としては、前記樹脂を硬化するために、公知の硬化剤を用いればよいが、例えばフェノール系硬化剤を使用することができる。フェノール系硬化剤としては、フェノールノボラック樹脂、アルキルフェノールノボラック樹脂、ポリビニルフェノール類等を、単独あるいは2種以上組み合わせて使用することができる。
カルシウムを含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。当該球状非晶質シリカ粒子に炭酸リチウム粒子を混合した後、アルミナ製の容器に充填し、電気炉SUPER-BURN(株式会社モトヤマ社製)を用いて大気雰囲気下(大気圧)で熱処理した。球状非晶質シリカの質量とリチウムを酸化物換算した質量の合計の質量に対して、炭酸リチウムの混合量は、酸化物換算で0.25質量%とし、非晶質シリカ粒子に含まれるカルシウムは酸化物換算で0.004質量%とした。昇温速度は300℃/時で900℃(実施例1)、1000℃(実施例2)、1100℃(実施例3)まで昇温し、6時間保持した。その後、降温速度約100℃/時で室温まで冷却した。
カルシウムを含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。非晶質シリカ粒子に含まれるカルシウムは0.0040質量%とした。球状非晶質シリカの質量とリチウムを酸化物換算した質量の合計の質量に対して、炭酸リチウムを酸化物換算で、0.10質量%(実施例4)、0.07質量%(実施例5)、0.05質量%(実施例6)混合した。昇温速度は300℃/時で、930℃(実施例4)、1030℃(実施例5)、1130℃(実施例6)まで昇温し、6時間保持した。その後、昇温速度100℃/時で室温まで冷却した。
カルシウムを含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。球状非晶質シリカの質量とリチウムを酸化物換算した質量の合計の質量に対して、炭酸リチウム粒子を酸化物換算で0.25質量%を混合し、非晶質シリカ粒子に含まれるカルシウムは酸化物換算で0.24質量%とした。昇温速度は300℃/時で900℃(実施例7)、1000℃(実施例8)、1100℃(実施例9)まで昇温し、6時間保持した。以外は、実施例1と同様に熱処理を行った。
カルシウムを含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。球状非晶質シリカの質量とリチウムを酸化物換算した質量の合計の質量に対して、炭酸リチウム粒子を酸化物換算で、0.25質量%を混合し、非晶質シリカ粒子に含まれるカルシウムは酸化物換算で0.66質量%とした。その後、昇温速度は300℃/時で900℃(実施例10)、1000℃(実施例11)、1100℃(実施例12)まで昇温し、6時間保持した。その後、降温速度約100℃/時で室温まで冷却した。
カルシウムを含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。球状非晶質シリカの質量とリチウムを酸化物換算した質量の合計の質量に対して、炭酸リチウム粒子を酸化物換算で、0.05質量%を混合し、非晶質シリカ粒子に含まれるカルシウムは酸化物換算で0.66質量%とした。その後、昇温速度は300℃/時で実施例13では925℃まで昇温し、実施例14では1080℃まで昇温した。その後、実施例13では6時間、実施例14では24時間保持した以外は、実施例1と同様に熱処理を行った。
カルシウムを含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。球状非晶質シリカの質量とリチウムを酸化物換算した質量の合計の質量に対して、炭酸リチウム粒子を酸化物換算で、0.10質量%(実施例15)、0.02質量%(実施例16)混合し、非晶質シリカ粒子に含まれるカルシウムは酸化物換算で0.66質量%とした。その後、昇温速度は300℃/時で実施例15では925℃まで昇温し、実施例16では950℃まで昇温した。その後6時間保持した以外は、実施例1と同様に熱処理を行った。
非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。当該球状非晶質シリカ粒子に水酸化カルシウム粒子および炭酸リチウム粒子を混合した後、アルミナ製の容器に充填し、電気炉SUPER-BURN(株式会社モトヤマ社製)を用いて大気雰囲気下(大気圧)で熱処理した。球状非晶質シリカの質量とカルシウムを酸化物換算した質量とリチウムを酸化物換算した質量の合計の質量に対して、水酸化カルシウムの混合量は、酸化物換算で、0.48質量%炭酸リチウムの混合量は、酸化物換算で0.04質量%(実施例17)、0.06質量%(実施例18)、0.08質量%(実施例19)、0.10質量%(実施例20)とした。昇温速度は300℃/時で925℃まで昇温し、12時間保持した。その後、降温速度約100℃/時で室温まで冷却した。
カルシウムおよびリチウムを含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。当該球状非晶質シリカ粒子を、アルミナ製の容器に充填し、電気炉SUPER-BURN(株式会社モトヤマ社製)を用いて大気雰囲気下(大気圧)で熱処理した。非晶質シリカ粒子に含まれるカルシウムは酸化物換算で0.82質量%とし、リチウムは酸化物換算で、0.08質量%とした。昇温速度は300℃/時で950℃(実施例21)、1050℃(実施例22)まで昇温し、24時間保持した。その後、降温速度約100℃/時で室温まで冷却した。
カルシウムを酸化物換算で0.004質量%含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。当該球状非晶質シリカ粒子に炭酸リチウム粒子を混合せずに、その後、昇温速度は300℃/時で900℃まで昇温し、6時間保持した以外は、実施例1と同様に熱処理を行った。
カルシウムを含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。球状非晶質シリカの質量とリチウムを酸化物換算した質量の合計の質量に対して、炭酸リチウム粒子を酸化物換算で0.25質量%混合し、非晶質シリカ粒子に含まれるカルシウムは酸化物換算で0.004質量%とし、その後、昇温速度は300℃/時で1200℃まで昇温し、6時間保持した以外は、実施例1と同様に熱処理を行った。
カルシウムを含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。球状非晶質シリカの質量とリチウムを酸化物換算した質量の合計の質量に対して、炭酸リチウム粒子を酸化物換算で0.25質量%混合し、非晶質シリカ粒子に含まれるカルシウムは酸化物換算で0.24質量%とし、その後、昇温速度は300℃/時で1200℃(比較例3)、800℃(比較例4)まで昇温し、6時間保持した以外は、実施例1と同様に熱処理を行った。
カルシウムを含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。球状非晶質シリカの質量とリチウムを酸化物換算した質量の合計の質量に対して、炭酸リチウム粒子を酸化物換算で0.25質量%混合し、非晶質シリカ粒子に含まれるカルシウムは酸化物換算で0.0014質量%とし、その後、昇温速度は300℃/時で900℃まで昇温し、6時間保持した以外は、実施例1と同様に熱処理を行った。
カルシウムを含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。球状非晶質シリカの質量とリチウムを酸化物換算した質量の合計の質量に対して、炭酸リチウム粒子を酸化物換算で0.01質量%混合し、非晶質シリカ粒子に含まれるカルシウムは酸化物換算で0.66質量%とし、その後、昇温速度は300℃/時で925℃まで昇温し、6時間保持した以外は、実施例1と同様に熱処理を行った。
カルシウムを金属換算で0.66質量%含む非晶質シリカ粒子を溶射法で作製した。当該球状非晶質シリカ粒子に炭酸リチウム粒子を混合せずに、その後、昇温速度は300℃/時で1100℃まで昇温し、6時間保持した以外は、実施例1と同様に熱処理を行った。
平均粒径は、カルシウムを酸化物換算で、0.004質量%含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子が35.1μmであったのに対して、この原料を用いた本発明の球状結晶質シリカ粒子は、35.2μm~35.6μmであった。
またカルシウムを0.24質量%含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子の平均粒径が33.8μmであったのに対して、この原料を用いた本発明の球状結晶質シリカ粒子は、33.3μm~33.9μmであった。
さらにまたカルシウムを酸化物換算で0.66質量%含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子が、41.1μmであったのに対して、この原料を用いた本発明の球状結晶質シリカ粒子は、40.9μm~41.5μmであった。
また、カルシウムを酸化物換算で、0.48質量%含むカルシウム原料と、リチウムを酸化物換算で0.04~0.10質量含むリチウム原料を非晶質シリカ粒子に混合して得られた混合原料粉体を熱処理する場合、球状非晶質シリカ粒子の平均粒径が32.3μmであったのに対して、この混合原料粉体を用いた本発明の球状結晶質シリカ粒子は、31.6μm~35.1μmであった。
さらに、カルシウムおよびリチウムを酸化物換算で、それぞれ0.82質量%と0.08質量%を含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子では、平均粒径が21.5μmであったのに対して、この原料を用いた本発明の球状結晶質シリカ粒子は、20.3μmと21.9μmであった。
Claims (9)
- 円形度が0.80以上であり、リチウムを酸化物換算で0.02質量%以上0.40質量%未満含有し、カルシウムを酸化物換算で0.004質量%以上1.0質量%未満含有し、結晶質シリカの相を含んでなる、球状結晶質シリカ粒子であって、当該球状結晶質シリカ粒子における前記結晶質シリカの相の割合が40.0%以上であり、かつ前記結晶質シリカの相に占める石英の割合が80.0質量%以上である球状結晶質シリカ粒子。
- 前記結晶質シリカの相の割合が70.0%以上であり、かつ前記結晶質シリカの相に占める石英の割合が85.0質量%以上である、請求項1に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子。
- 前記結晶質シリカの相の割合が80.0%以上であり、かつ前記結晶質シリカの相に占める石英の割合が90.0質量%以上である、請求項2に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子。
- 平均粒径(D50)が3~100μmである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法であって、
円形度が0.80以上である球状非晶質シリカ粒子に、カルシウム原料およびリチウム原料を混合して得られた混合原料粉体を、850℃~1150℃で熱処理することを含む、球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法であって、
円形度が0.80以上で、且つ、カルシウム成分を含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子に、リチウム原料を混合して得られた混合原料粉体を、850℃~1150℃で熱処理することを含む、球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法であって、
円形度が0.80以上で、且つ、リチウム成分を含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子に、カルシウム原料を混合して得られた混合原料粉体を、850℃~1150℃で熱処理することを含む、球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法であって、
円形度が0.80以上で、且つ、カルシウム成分及びリチウム成分を含む球状非晶質シリカ粒子を、850℃~1150℃で熱処理することを含む、球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法。 - 前記熱処理の温度が、875℃~1110℃である、請求項5~8のいずれか1項に記載の球状結晶質シリカ粒子の製造方法。
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