WO2021227398A1 - 直线转旋转运动的传动机构，脚踏装置及轨道列车 - Google Patents

直线转旋转运动的传动机构，脚踏装置及轨道列车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021227398A1
WO2021227398A1 PCT/CN2020/127085 CN2020127085W WO2021227398A1 WO 2021227398 A1 WO2021227398 A1 WO 2021227398A1 CN 2020127085 W CN2020127085 W CN 2020127085W WO 2021227398 A1 WO2021227398 A1 WO 2021227398A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
button
transmission mechanism
fixed
rotation
shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/127085
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张莉
张英勇
陈乐恒
任静
夏冰
王玉周
安超
Original Assignee
中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
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Application filed by 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
Publication of WO2021227398A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021227398A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C17/00—Arrangement or disposition of parts; Details or accessories not otherwise provided for; Use of control gear and control systems
    • B61C17/04—Arrangement or disposition of driving cabins, footplates or engine rooms; Ventilation thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F1/00—Devices, e.g. jacks, for lifting loads in predetermined steps
    • B66F1/02—Devices, e.g. jacks, for lifting loads in predetermined steps with locking elements, e.g. washers, co-operating with posts
    • B66F1/04—Devices, e.g. jacks, for lifting loads in predetermined steps with locking elements, e.g. washers, co-operating with posts the posts being toothed
    • B66F1/06—Devices, e.g. jacks, for lifting loads in predetermined steps with locking elements, e.g. washers, co-operating with posts the posts being toothed and the devices being actuated mechanically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H21/00—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
    • F16H21/10—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
    • F16H21/16—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of rail trains, and in particular to a transmission mechanism for linear rotation and rotation motion of a rail train pedal device, a pedal device used in a rail train and a rail train.
  • the foot pedal device installed under the driver's platform of the rail train driver's cab, is an important part of the driver's platform and is the space for the driver to rest his feet.
  • rail trains have fixed-height pedal devices and electric height adjustment mechanisms.
  • the electric height adjustment mechanism is easily damaged and has poor durability.
  • the embodiment of the application provides a transmission mechanism for linear rotation and rotation motion of a foot pedal device of a rail train, which is used in a foot pedal device of a rail train and a rail train, so as to solve the problem of poor durability of the electric height adjustment mechanism of the foot pedal device. technical problem.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a transmission mechanism for linear rotation and rotation motion of a foot pedal device of a rail train, including:
  • the outer groove bottom of the U-shaped mounting member is used for fixing with an external device; when the moment arm rod supports the external linear movement, the U-shaped mounting member drives the external device to rotate.
  • a foot pedal device for a rail train comprising a fixed base, a foot pedal, and a lifting mechanism with a rising button and a down button, the foot pedal having two button mounting holes;
  • the lifting mechanism is fixed on the fixed base, the foot pedal is connected to the lifting mechanism, and the ascending button and the descending button respectively protrude from the two button mounting holes;
  • the lifting mechanism includes:
  • the first transmission mechanism is used to transmit the linear motion of the button being pressed once to the second transmission mechanism, and the buttons include the up button and the down button;
  • the second transmission mechanism is used to carry linear motion and output the rotation motion of the preset angle of the second transmission mechanism; the transmission mechanism of the linear rotation and rotation motion of the second transmission mechanism;
  • the third transmission mechanism is used to carry the rotation motion of a preset angle into the rise and fall of a unit height, and drive the foot pedal to rise and fall by a unit height.
  • a rail train includes the pedal device described above.
  • the two moment arm rods are kept in the same straight line opposite to each other, and any one of the moment arm rods carries external linear motion, such as When the force is pressed down, since the lever arm is fixed with the U-shaped mounting part through the rotating shaft, the transmission mechanism of the linear rotation and rotation movement will rotate around the fixed position of the U-shaped mounting part and the external device as the center, so as to achieve In order to convert linear motion into rotary motion.
  • the transmission mechanism for the linear rotation and rotation movement of the foot pedal device of the rail train in the embodiment of the present application is realized by a mechanical structure without electrical components, therefore, the structure has high reliability and high durability.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a foot pedal device for rail trains according to the second embodiment of the application
  • Figure 2 is a right side view of the footrest device shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the footrest device shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the internal structure of the footrest device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial schematic diagram of the lower box body and the upper box body of the footrest device shown in FIG. 1 being buckled;
  • Figure 6 is a partial exploded view of the footrest device shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the lower box shown in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the upper box shown in Figure 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the gear shaft of the foot pedal device shown in FIG. 1, the fixed disc, and the two-way ratchet locking mechanism after being assembled;
  • Figure 10 is a side view shown in Figure 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the button assembly of the foot pedal device shown in FIG. 4 after being assembled;
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of the button assembly of the foot pedal device shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 13 is a side view of the button assembly shown in Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the angle shown in Figure 13;
  • FIG. 15 is a partial schematic diagram of the inner sealing ring of the button assembly shown in FIG. 12 after being separated from the inner annular groove;
  • Fig. 16 is another enlarged cross-sectional view of Fig. 13;
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the leak-proof plate of the footrest device shown in Fig. 1 being fixed on the driver’s platform;
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a transmission mechanism for linear rotation and rotation movement of a foot pedal device of a rail train according to the first embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 19 is a front view of the second transmission mechanism shown in Figure 18;
  • Figure 20 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the angle shown in Figure 19;
  • Fig. 21 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of Fig. 19 from another angle.
  • 221-5 limit block 221-6 button mounting plate, 221-7 button barrel, 221-8 mounting flange,
  • Fig. 18 is a perspective view of a transmission mechanism for linear rotation and rotation of a foot pedal device of a rail train according to the first embodiment of the application;
  • Fig. 19 is a front view of the second transmission mechanism shown in Fig. 18;
  • Fig. 20 is shown in Fig. 19 An enlarged cross-sectional view of the angle;
  • FIG. 21 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of another angle shown in FIG. 19.
  • the linear rotation and rotation motion transmission mechanism for the foot pedal device of a rail train includes:
  • the outer groove bottom of the U-shaped mounting member is used for fixing with an external device; when the moment arm rod bears the external linear motion, the U-shaped mounting member drives the external device to rotate.
  • the two moment arm rods are kept in the same straight line opposite to each other, and any one of the moment arm rods carries external linear motion, such as When the force is pressed down, since the lever arm is fixed with the U-shaped mounting part through the rotating shaft, the transmission mechanism of the linear rotation and rotation movement will rotate around the fixed position of the U-shaped mounting part and the external device as the center, so as to achieve In order to convert linear motion into rotary motion.
  • the transmission mechanism for the linear rotation and rotation movement of the foot pedal device of the rail train in the embodiment of the present application is realized by a mechanical structure without electrical components, therefore, the structure has high reliability and high durability.
  • both ends of the rotating shaft 242 are rotatably connected to the two arms of the U-shaped mounting member 241 through bearings;
  • the second transmission mechanism further includes two torsion springs 244, and the torsion springs 244 are sleeved on the outside of the rotation shaft;
  • the lower torsion bar of the torsion spring is fixed to the bottom of the groove of the U-shaped mounting member, and the upper torsion bar of the torsion spring is closely attached to the torsion bar of the torsion spring toward the bottom of the groove of the U-shaped mounting member.
  • the two force arm rods are in the same straight line opposite to each other.
  • the existence of the torsion spring keeps the two moment arm rods in the same straight line opposite to each other, on the other hand, when the moment arm rod bears the external linear motion, the torsion spring and the bearing carry a part of the torsional force and consume a part
  • the torque brought about by the twisting increases the durability of the transmission mechanism of linear rotation and rotation.
  • the torsion spring 244 is located under the force arm rod 243.
  • the moment arm rod includes:
  • a rod body 243-1 one end of the rod body is provided with a rod body shaft hole, and the rod body shaft hole and the rotating shaft realize a coordinated and fixed connection with the shaft hole;
  • the roller 243-2, the roller 243-2 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the rod body through a bearing, so that the roller can rotate relative to the rod body; wherein, the two rollers are respectively used to carry external linear motion .
  • the roller When the roller bears the external linear movement, the roller can rotate relative to the rod body, consuming torque, so that the durability of the transmission mechanism of the linear rotation and rotation movement is improved.
  • the tread of the roller is a shape with a low middle and high ends, and the tread of the roller is used to carry external linear motion.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a footrest device for rail trains according to the second embodiment of the application
  • Fig. 2 is a right side view of the footrest device shown in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is an explosion of the footrest device shown in Fig. 1 Figure
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view showing the internal structure of the footrest device shown in Figure 1.
  • the footrest device for rail train includes:
  • Foot pedal 300 with two button mounting holes
  • a lifting mechanism having an ascending button 211a and a descending button 211b, the lifting mechanism is fixed on the fixed base 100, the foot pedal 300 is connected to the lifting mechanism, and the ascending button 211a and the descending button 211b Respectively protrude from the two button mounting holes;
  • the lifting mechanism is used to drive the foot pedal 300 to rise by a preset unit height when the up button 211a is pressed once, and to drive the foot pedal when the down button 211b is pressed once. 300 descends the unit height.
  • the lifting mechanism is fixed on the fixed base at the bottom, the foot pedal is connected with the lifting mechanism, and the ascending button and the descending button respectively protrude from the button installation hole.
  • the up button and down button for controlling the up and down of the foot pedal device are directly exposed at the foot pedal, which is convenient for the driver to step on the up button and the down button.
  • the lifting mechanism drives the foot pedal to rise by the preset unit height, that is, when the up button is pressed once, the foot pedal rises by one unit height; if the up button is stepped on five times, the foot pedal is Raise five units of height; in the same way, when the down button is pressed once, the pedal will drop one unit of height.
  • the foot pedal device for rail trains of the embodiment of the present application not only has a simple operation method for raising and lowering the foot pedal; moreover, after a single stepping, the rising or falling height is a unit height, so that the height of the foot pedal moving vertically It is controllable, and it is convenient to adjust the height of the pedal to meet the height requirements of different drivers.
  • the lifting mechanism converts the force of pressing the button once into the force of lifting and lowering the foot pedal by a unit height. Therefore, in implementation, as shown in Figure 4, the lifting mechanism also needs to include:
  • the first transmission mechanism 210 is used to transmit the linear motion of the button being pressed once to the second transmission mechanism, and the buttons include the up button and the down button;
  • the second transmission mechanism 240 is used to carry linear motion and output a rotation motion of a preset angle of the second transmission mechanism; the second transmission mechanism adopts the linear rotation and rotation transmission mechanism of the first embodiment;
  • the third transmission mechanism is used to carry the rotation motion of a preset angle into the rise and fall of a unit height, and drive the foot pedal to rise and fall by a unit height.
  • the first transmission mechanism transfers the linear motion of the button once pressed to the second transmission mechanism;
  • the second transmission mechanism is a labor-saving mechanism that converts the small force of pressing the button once to perform the linear motion, and converts it into a preset Set the angle of the rotation movement;
  • the third transmission mechanism converts the preset angle of rotation movement into the rise and fall of the unit height, and the third transmission mechanism drives the foot pedal to rise and fall by the unit height. It is realized through a mechanical structure without electrical components, so the structure has high reliability and durability.
  • the tread plate is a tread plate. In this way, when the driver is pedaling, the friction force is relatively high, and it is not easy to slip off.
  • the foot pedal, the up button and the down button are all made of stainless steel.
  • the structure of the third transmission mechanism is as follows:
  • Figure 5 is a partial schematic diagram of the lower box body and the upper box body of the footrest device shown in FIG. 1 being buckled;
  • Figure 6 is a partial exploded view of the footrest device shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the upper box shown in Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of the gear shaft of the pedal device shown in Figure 1, the fixed disc and the two-way ratchet locking mechanism assembled;
  • Figure 10 is a side view shown in Figure 9;
  • the third transmission mechanism includes:
  • the lower box body 221 with the upper side opening is fixed on the fixed base 100, the inner box wall of the lower box body is provided with a rack 221-1, and the lower box body has two U-shaped grooves arranged oppositely. 221-2 and the U-shaped groove opening faces upwards;
  • the upper box body 222 with the lower side opening is buckled outside the lower box body 221.
  • the upper box body is located outside the U-shaped groove and is provided with shaft mounting holes. The above box is fixed;
  • the gear shaft is used to convert the rotation of the preset angle into the upward and downward rolling of the gear shaft on the rack with a unit height, so as to drive the upper box body to rise and fall according to the unit height.
  • the U-shaped groove opening faces upward to provide a moving space for the ascending and descending of the gear shaft.
  • the second transmission mechanism outputs a rotation movement of a preset angle, and one end of the shaft body of the gear shaft is fixed to the second transmission mechanism, so that the shaft body of the gear shaft carries a rotation movement of a preset angle.
  • the gear shaft converts the rotation of a preset angle into the upward and downward rolling of the gear shaft on the rack, and converts the rotation of the preset angle into the upward and downward movement of the gear shaft on the rack.
  • the height of the lower rolling is taken as a unit height, which in turn drives the upper box body to rise and fall according to the unit height.
  • the depth of the U-shaped groove opening is any value greater than or equal to 90 mm and less than or equal to 140 mm, and the rack extends at least from the height position of the inner bottom of the U-shaped groove opening to the height of the upper box body. top.
  • the adjustable height range of the foot pedal is relatively large, which can adapt to the height requirements of different drivers on the foot pedal.
  • the third transmission mechanism further includes a fixed disk 231 and a two-way ratchet locking mechanism 232, and the fixed disk has a fixed disk shaft hole;
  • the fixed disk 231 is fixed to the outer box wall of the lower box body 221, one end of the shaft body of the gear shaft 223 passes through the fixed disk shaft hole and the ratchet wheel of the ratchet locking mechanism is coaxially fixed, so The pawl of the ratchet locking mechanism is connected to the fixed disk 231;
  • the ratchet wheel of the ratchet locking mechanism is fixed to the bottom of the outer groove of the U-shaped mounting member of the second transmission mechanism to carry a preset angle of rotational movement, and the ratchet wheel of the ratchet locking mechanism is used for clockwise and clockwise rotation.
  • one gear tooth is used as a unit to rotate, and the pawl is used to lock the ratchet wheel after the ratchet wheel rotates one gear tooth, so as to realize the rotation of a preset angle.
  • the second transmission mechanism outputs a preset angle of rotation
  • the ratchet wheel of the ratchet lock mechanism carries the preset angle of rotation; through the cooperation of the ratchet lock mechanism, the fixed disk, the gear shaft and the rack, the preset angle of rotation is rotated
  • the movement is converted into the rise and fall of the unit height of the gear shaft, which in turn drives the rise and fall of the unit height of the upper box and the foot pedal.
  • the fixed plate is fixed to the outer box wall of the lower box body by spacer blocks, bolts, and nuts. In this way, the fixing of the fixed plate is conveniently realized, and the connection of the pawl of the ratchet locking mechanism is realized.
  • the coaxial fixation between one end of the shaft body of the gear shaft and the ratchet wheel of the ratchet locking mechanism is realized by the coupling.
  • the shaft body of the gear shaft and the shaft of the ratchet wheel of the ratchet lock mechanism can be coaxially fixed conveniently through the coupling.
  • a cylinder 221-3 is arranged on the inner bottom plate of the lower box body, and a compression spring is fixed in the cylinder 221-3;
  • the inner top plate of the lower box body is provided with a cylinder 222-1;
  • the cylinder 222-1 extends into the cylinder 221-3 and presses the compression spring to form the upper box body Provide upward support.
  • the cooperation of the cylinder, the compression spring and the cylinder provides an upward support force to the upper box body, reduces the resistance when the upper box body rises and restricts the direction of the elastic force of the compression spring.
  • the lower box 221 and the upper box 222 are rectangular parallelepiped boxes; the inner bottom plate of the lower box is provided with Two of the cylinders 221-3, and the two cylinders 221-3 are arranged at intervals along the long center line of the inner bottom plate of the upper box;
  • the long center line of the inner bottom plate of the lower box body is a line connecting the midpoints of two short sides of the inner bottom plate of the lower box body.
  • the upper box body is matched by two sets of cylinders, compression springs and cylinders, to provide relatively uniform upward supporting force to the upper box body, reducing the resistance when the upper box body rises and restricting the direction of the elastic force of the compression spring.
  • Figs. 5, 6 and 7 there are two racks 221-1, which are arranged at intervals on the inner wall of the lower case 221; correspondingly, the gear shaft 223 has two gear teeth, The gear teeth of the two gear shafts respectively mesh with the two racks 221-1.
  • the outer box wall of the lower box body is provided with a lower box body guide rail 221-4, and the guiding direction of the lower box body guide rail 221-4 is a vertical direction;
  • the inner wall of the upper box is provided with an upper box guide groove 222-2;
  • the lower box body guide rail 221-4 and the upper box body guide groove 222-2 cooperate with each other to act as a vertical guide.
  • the guide rail of the lower box body and the guide groove of the lower box body are coordinated and guided to make the whole upper box body stable in ascent and descent.
  • FIG. 7 there are four lower box guide rails 221-4, and the four lower box guide rails 221-4 are arranged in the middle of the four outer box walls of the lower box;
  • upper box body guide grooves 222-2 there are four upper box body guide grooves 222-2, and four upper box body guide grooves 222-2 are arranged in the middle of the four inner box walls of the upper box body.
  • the four lower box guide rails and the four lower box guide grooves cooperate and guide, so that the rising and falling stability of the entire upper box is very high.
  • the top end of the lower box guide rail is fixed with a limiting block 221-5, and the limiting block 221-5 protrudes from the lower box guide 221-4;
  • the limit block is used to prevent the upper box guide groove from coming out of the top of the lower box guide rail, and the lower box guide rail for fixing the limit block is located at the long side outer box wall of the lower box. .
  • the existence of the limit block prevents the upper box body guide groove from escaping from the top of the lower box body guide rail, thereby preventing the upper box body from escaping from the upper end of the lower box body.
  • the lower box guide rail for fixing the limit block is located at the outer box wall of the long side of the lower box body, so that the position of the limit block is closer to the middle of the box body, so that the upper box body is more evenly stressed.
  • the bottom plate and the wall of the lower box body 221 have lower box body weight-reducing holes
  • the top plate and the box wall of the upper box body 222 have upper box body weight-reducing holes.
  • the existence of the weight-reducing holes of the lower box body and the weight-reducing holes of the upper box body reduces the material used for the entire pedal device and the weight is lighter.
  • the bottom end of the lower box body has an outwardly turned lower box body flange, and when the upper box body is buckled outside the lower box body, the bottom end of the upper box body is placed on the The lower box body is turned up.
  • the upper box body and the lower box body interact to avoid contact between the upper box body and the fixed base, and reduce the strength requirements for the fixed base.
  • the footrest device further includes a dust cover 530 and an organ cover 540 connected under the dust cover.
  • the important parts of the pedal device are installed inside the dust cover and the organ cover.
  • the dust cover is made of aluminum alloy.
  • the organ cover is made of synthetic leather.
  • the button requires the driver to step on. Operational, therefore, the button is exposed. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the button part.
  • the structure of the first transmission mechanism is as follows:
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the button assembly of the foot pedal device shown in FIG. 4 after assembly;
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the button assembly of the foot pedal device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 13 is a side view of the button assembly shown in FIG. 12;
  • Figure 14 is an enlarged sectional view of the angle shown in Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 is a partial schematic diagram of the inner sealing ring of the button assembly shown in Figure 12 separated from the inner annular groove;
  • Figure 16 is another angle shown in Figure 13 Sectional enlarged view.
  • the first transmission mechanism includes a button assembly
  • the button assembly includes:
  • Button mounting plate 221-6 with two button barrel fixing holes
  • buttons 221-7 the front end of the button barrel has a mounting flange 221-8, the tail end of the button barrel passes through the button barrel fixing hole and is fixed on the mounting flange 221-8
  • the button mounting plate wherein, the side of the mounting flange facing the button mounting plate is provided with an outer annular groove 411 with a U-shaped cross section;
  • the outer sealing ring 412, the outer sealing ring is placed in the outer annular groove 411, and the mounting flange 221-8 is press-fitted on the button mounting plate 221-6 for sealing, so as to realize the button The seal between the barrel and the button mounting plate.
  • the side of the mounting flange facing the button mounting plate is provided with an outer annular groove with a U-shaped cross section.
  • the outer sealing ring is placed in the outer annular groove, and the mounting flange is press-fitted on the button mounting plate for sealing, realizing the button The seal between the barrel and the button mounting plate.
  • the button assembly further includes the button
  • the button is installed in the button barrel 221-7, and the button rebounds to the original position when the effect of the pressed force disappears.
  • the button and the button barrel cooperate with each other, so that when the button is stepped on, the button moves linearly downward along the button barrel. After the button is released, the button rebounds and the button moves linearly upward along the button barrel.
  • the inner wall of the button barrel is provided with an inner annular groove 421, and the notch of the inner annular groove 421 faces the button barrel;
  • the button assembly further includes an inner sealing ring 422, the inner sealing ring is placed in the inner annular groove, and the inner sealing ring is in close contact with the button, so as to realize the connection between the button and the button barrel. Seal between.
  • the inner annular groove is arranged on the inner wall of the button barrel, the notch of the inner annular groove faces the button barrel, and the inner sealing ring is placed in the inner annular groove. In this way, the inner sealing ring and the button are in close contact to realize the button And the seal between the button barrel.
  • the inner annular groove 421 is provided at the front of the button cylinder.
  • the inner sealing ring seals the button and the button barrel at the front of the button barrel to prevent water and dust from entering between the button and the button barrel.
  • the inner annular groove has a clamping protrusion 411-1, and the clamping protrusion 411-1 is disposed at the top end of the groove wall on the side away from the button mounting plate;
  • the cross section of the inner sealing ring is consistent with the shape of the inner annular groove
  • the clamping protrusion is used to block the inner sealing ring to prevent the lower end of the inner sealing ring from entering between the button and the sealing cylinder when the button moves downward relative to the button barrel.
  • the clamping protrusions exist to block the lower end of the inner seal ring. In this way, when the button moves down relative to the button, the lower end of the inner seal ring is prevented from entering the gap between the button and the seal cylinder, making the pedal device durable and service life. long.
  • the clamping protrusion 411-1 is a clamping protrusion with a right-angled trapezoid in cross section, and the right-angle bottom edge of the clamping protrusion 411-1 is fixed away from the button installation
  • One side of the groove wall of the plate, and the right-angle waist of the clamping protrusion is level with the inner wall of the sealing cylinder.
  • the contact surface between the clamping protrusion and the lower end of the inner sealing ring is large, and the clamping protrusion can better block the lower end of the inner sealing ring.
  • the inner annular groove further has a limiting protrusion 411-2 arranged diagonally to the clamping protrusion, and the cross section of the inner seal ring and the inner annular recess
  • the shape of the groove is consistent;
  • the limiting protrusion 411-2 is used to provide a downward force on the inner seal ring to prevent the upper end of the inner seal ring from entering the inner seal ring when the button moves upward relative to the button barrel.
  • the existence of the limiting protrusion makes the contact area between the upper end of the inner sealing ring and the inner annular groove larger, so as to prevent the upper end of the inner sealing ring from entering the gap between the button and the sealing cylinder, making the pedal device durable and useful long life.
  • the limiting protrusion 411-2 is a limiting protrusion with a rectangular cross section.
  • the limiting protrusion and the clamping protrusion are arranged diagonally to provide enough space for the inner sealing ring to be clamped into the inner annular groove.
  • the inner wall of the button barrel is further provided with an assembly groove at a position below the inner annular groove;
  • the button assembly includes an assembling ring 430 installed at the assembling groove, and the inner wall of the assembling ring 430 protrudes from the inner wall of the button barrel 221-7, the assembling ring 430 The inner wall and the button are closely matched.
  • transition groove and the transition ring makes the assembly between the button and the button barrel converted to the assembly between the button and the assembly ring, which reduces the strength and accuracy requirements of the button barrel.
  • the inner sealing ring 422 has a hollow in the center, so that when the button moves along the button barrel, the inner sealing ring can deform to reduce the difference between the button and the button. Friction between.
  • the center of the inner sealing ring has a hollow part, which makes the inner sealing ring easy to deform.
  • the inner sealing ring deforms to reduce the friction between the button and the button.
  • the inner sealing ring is a rubber ring made of nitrile rubber
  • the outer sealing ring is a rubber ring made of nitrile rubber with an O-shaped cross section.
  • the double-layer sealing protection can effectively block debris from entering the pedal device.
  • the service life of the inner rubber ring and the outer rubber ring are more than 10W times, and the nitrile rubber material itself has the advantage of corrosion resistance, which can effectively protect water, snow, salt, and calcium chloride.
  • the footrest device further includes dust-proof brushes 510 fixed on both sides of the footrest, which can effectively prevent particles above 1 mm from entering.
  • the dust-proof brush adopts a nylon-material dust-proof brush. The dustproof effect is good, and the weight is relatively light.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the leak-proof plate of the footrest device shown in Fig. 1 being fixed on the driver's platform.
  • the pedal device further includes a flat-plate leak-proof plate 600, which is fixed to the car body of the train, and the fixed base of the pedal device is fixed on the anti-leak plate. Above the slip plate 600.
  • the anti-leak plate separates other parts of the pedal device from the outside, and can prevent rain, snow, dust and other sundries at the vehicle body under the anti-leak plate from entering the inside of the pedal device.
  • the leak-proof plate is equipped with M6 pressure riveting studs, and the leak-proof plate is connected to the middle and right cabinets of the driver's platform by riveting. As part of the frame, it is connected by M8 nuts, large flat washers, spring washers and the car body. , The joint is glued and sealed.
  • the anti-leakage plate is firmly fixed.
  • the button component further includes:
  • Push rod 212 the bottom of the button barrel has a button barrel through hole, the bottom end of the button passes through the button barrel through hole to fix the push rod 212, the push rod is perpendicular to the button and has two The push rods are arranged oppositely; the open end of the push rod has a U-shaped mounting frame, and the two arms of the two U-shaped mounting frames are perpendicular to the button mounting plate;
  • roller 213 and a roller mounting shaft are fixed between the two arms of the U-shaped mounting frame, and the roller 213 is mounted on the roller mounting shaft through a bearing.
  • the roller is mounted on the roller mounting shaft through a bearing, so that the roller can roll around the roller mounting shaft.
  • the push rod is driven to lower, so that the scroll wheel also descends; when the button is raised, the scroll wheel also rises.
  • Fig. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of Fig. 13 from another angle.
  • the tread of the roller 213 has a shape with a low middle and high ends.
  • the roller tread of this shape is used to match the cylindrical surfaces of other components, so that the tread of the roller can straddle the cylindrical surfaces of other components.
  • the button component further includes:
  • Two limit plates 214, the two limit plates 214 are respectively fixed at intervals on the back of the button mounting plate 221-6, and are located between the two rollers 213;
  • the bottom end of the limiting plate 214 is lower than the bottom end of the roller 213.
  • the bottom end of the limit plate is lower than the bottom end of the roller. In this way, after the button is pressed and released, the roller is protected during the rebound of the button.
  • the first transmission mechanism further includes:
  • the button assembly mounting plate 215, the button assembly mounting plate 215 has a button assembly mounting hole, the button assembly is fixed to the button assembly mounting plate 215, and the button and the button mounting plate 221-6 are removed from the button assembly Exposure of component mounting holes;
  • the foot pedal is fixed on the front of the button assembly mounting plate, and the button protrudes from the button mounting hole.
  • the button assembly of the pedal device in the embodiment of the present application is an independent structure, so that the button assembly can be taken out separately for maintenance without the need to disassemble the pedal as a whole.
  • the footrest device further includes a plurality of diagonal bracing structures 520, and each of the diagonal bracing structures 520 is respectively fixed at the outer top plate and the outer box wall of the upper box body 222;
  • the back of the button assembly mounting plate 215 is fixed to the diagonal bracing structure 520 so that the button assembly mounting plate maintains a preset tilt angle with respect to the fixed base.
  • the button mounting component mounting plate is maintained at a preset tilt angle relative to the fixed base. Because the foot pedal is fixed on the mounting component mounting plate, the foot pedal is maintained at a preset tilt relative to the fixed base. angle.
  • the button assembly mounting plate 215 is provided with an observation hole 215-1 for observing the feet when the button assembly mounting plate 215 is fixed to the diagonal brace structure. Step inside the device.
  • the button assembly mounting plate is provided with an observation hole, so that only by removing the foot pedal, you can observe the internal state of the foot pedal device through the observation hole on the button assembly mounting plate and perform simple maintenance work.
  • the footrest device of the embodiment of the present application has high maintainability.
  • the structure of the second transmission mechanism is as follows:
  • Fig. 18 is a perspective view of the second transmission mechanism shown in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 19 is a front view of the second transmission mechanism shown in Fig. 18;
  • Fig. 20 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of Fig. 19;
  • Fig. 21 is a view An enlarged view of another angle cross-sectional view shown in 19.
  • the second transmission mechanism includes:
  • the outer groove bottom of the U-shaped mounting member is fixed to the ratchet wheel of the two-way ratchet locking mechanism; when the button is pressed once, the roller presses the lower lever to make the ratchet locking mechanism The ratchet wheel is rotated by a tooth as a unit and then locked by the pawl.
  • the groove bottom of the U-shaped mounting member is fixed with the ratchet wheel of the two-way ratchet locking mechanism, and when the roller presses the pressure arm to rotate the second transmission mechanism, the ratchet wheel of the two-way ratchet locking mechanism also rotates;
  • the pawl of the type ratchet locking mechanism is connected to the fixed plate, and the fixed plate is fixed to the upper box.
  • the two-way ratchet locking mechanism makes the ratchet wheel rotate in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction in units of one tooth.
  • the pawl locks the ratchet wheel, and the angle through which the ratchet wheel rotates by one tooth is a preset angle between two adjacent teeth of the ratchet wheel.
  • the second transmission mechanism converts a vertical movement of the button received from the roller of the first transmission mechanism into a preset angle rotation of the second transmission mechanism as a whole. Since the ratchet wheel of the ratchet locking mechanism and the gear shaft are coaxially fixed, the gear teeth of the gear shaft will be driven to roll up and down along the rack.
  • both ends of the rotating shaft 242 are rotatably connected to the two arms of the U-shaped mounting member 241 through bearings;
  • the second transmission mechanism further includes two torsion springs 244, and the torsion springs 244 are sleeved on the outside of the rotation shaft;
  • the lower torsion bar of the torsion spring is fixed to the bottom of the groove of the U-shaped mounting member, and the upper torsion bar of the torsion spring is closely attached to the torsion bar of the torsion spring toward the bottom of the groove of the U-shaped mounting member.
  • the two force arm rods are in the same straight line opposite to each other.
  • the existence of the torsion spring keeps the two force arm rods in the same straight line opposite to each other, on the other hand, when the roller presses the pressure arm rod, the torsion spring and the bearing carry a part of the force of the torsion and consume a part of the torsion belt.
  • the coming torque increases the durability of the second transmission mechanism.
  • the torsion spring 244 is located under the force arm rod 243.
  • the moment arm rod includes:
  • a rod body 243-1 one end of the rod body is provided with a rod body shaft hole, and the rod body shaft hole and the rotating shaft realize a coordinated and fixed connection with the shaft hole;
  • the roller 243-2, the roller 243-2 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the rod body through a bearing, so that the roller 243-2 can rotate relative to the rod body, wherein the central axis of the roller and the roller The central axes of are perpendicular to each other;
  • the roller presses the lower roller so that the ratchet wheel of the ratchet locking mechanism rotates in a unit of one tooth and then is locked by the pawl.
  • the directions of the central axis of the roller, the central axis of the drum, and the central axis of the rotation axis are three mutually perpendicular directions, all of which can be rotated, so that the torque that may be generated by the operation of pressing the button once can be carried out. Consumption, which in turn makes the pedal device more durable.
  • the tread of the roller 213 has a shape with a low middle and high ends, so that the tread of the roller 213 can straddle the outer circumferential surface of the drum 243-2.
  • the pedal device of the embodiment of the present application adopts a mechanical lifting method, which has the advantages of firm structure, stable function, and stable lifting process.
  • the bearings used in the pedal device are all self-sealing structures, and the water on both sides cannot fall.
  • the foot pedal device has low maintenance requirements.
  • the pedal in order to prevent accidents during use of the pedal device, and to facilitate daily maintenance and repair of the pedal, after the pedal is removed, the pedal can be easily observed through the observation hole of the button assembly mounting plate. The internal state of the device can also be easily checked and repaired.
  • the button assembly is an independent structure, so that the button assembly can be taken out separately for maintenance without the need to disassemble the pedal as a whole.
  • the limit plate of the first transmission mechanism due to the existence of the limit plate of the first transmission mechanism, after the button is pressed and released, the roller and the roller are reset together, and the limit plate blocks the roller to prevent the upward inertia of the roller from being applied to the roller. , It protects the rollers.
  • the rack provides a stable step length for the ascent and descent of the upper box.
  • the gear shaft selects standard straight teeth with 2 molds and 17 teeth.
  • parameters such as the number of teeth and modulus of the gear are determined, which ensures the stability and practicability of the overall structure.
  • the dual-mode gear can better achieve the up and down of the pedal. The reason is: the smaller the modulus, the smaller the gear meshing surface, which is prone to tooth breakage.
  • the modulus is large, it is easy to derail when the number of teeth is too small, resulting in the phenomenon that the wheel cannot rise when idling.
  • Practice has proved that the 2-mold 17-tooth spur cylindrical gear shaft can ensure a reasonable unit height, stable rise and fall, and a small structure.
  • the included angle between the foot pedal and the horizontal plane is any value greater than or equal to 15 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees.
  • the included angle between the foot pedal and the horizontal plane is 20 degrees. Such an included angle conforms to the pedaling habits of many drivers and conforms to ergonomics.
  • the up button and the down button are arranged at intervals on the right side of the foot pedal, and are arranged at intervals between up and down, the up button is located at the bottom, and the down button is located at the top.
  • the button When the pedal button is not stepped on, the button is about 35mm higher than the front of the pedal; the distance between the pedal button and the center of the pedal is 206mm; considering the driver’s safety boots, a man-machine analysis was carried out.
  • Man-machine analysis shows that when the driver adjusts the height of the pedals, in order to avoid stepping on two buttons at the same time, they can be stepped at a certain angle when stepping, the inclination angle is about 12 degrees; of course, stepping on two buttons at the same time will not do the same.
  • the foot pedal device affects, step on the two buttons at the same time, the foot pedal will move up and down according to the different force of the two buttons. At this time, the button with large force plays the main role.
  • the gear shaft, rack, and lower box guide rail are made of No. 45 steel
  • the spring is spring steel; that is, the components that require higher rigidity and strength in the pedal device are made of stainless steel.
  • Other parts that need to be made of metal materials are made of aluminum alloy materials, so that the weight of the entire pedal device is small, and the purpose of weight reduction is achieved.
  • the contact strength, fatigue strength and fatigue bending strength of the gear shaft and rack must meet the requirements of use.
  • the service life of the button needs to reach a service life of 30,000.
  • the pedal base is fixed to the lower box body by fasteners such as bolts, nuts, and elastic flat washers.
  • the rail train of the embodiment of the present application has the pedal device described in the second embodiment.
  • connection can also be detachable or integrated; it can be mechanical, electrical, or communication; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components. Or the interaction between two elements.
  • connection can also be detachable or integrated; it can be mechanical, electrical, or communication; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components. Or the interaction between two elements.
  • the "on" or “under” of the first feature of the second feature may include direct contact between the first feature and the second feature, or include the first feature.
  • the second feature is not in direct contact but through another feature between them.
  • the "above”, “above” and “above” of the first feature on the second feature include the first feature directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or it simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • the “below”, “below” and “below” of the first feature of the second feature include the first feature directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is smaller than the second feature.

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Abstract

一种用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动的传动机构、脚踏装置及轨道列车。直线转旋转运动的传动机构包括：U形安装件（241）；两个转动轴（242）和两个力臂杆（243），力臂杆（243）的一端与转动轴轴孔固定连接，转动轴（242）连接在U形安装件（241）的两个臂之间，且两个转动轴（242）间隔设置，两个力臂杆（243）保持为相背的同一直线；其中，两个力臂杆（243）分别用于承载外部的直线运动；其中，U形安装件（241）的外槽底用于与外部的装置固定；在力臂杆（243）承载外部的直线运动时，使得U形安装件（241）带动外部的装置进行旋转。脚踏装置包括上述直线转旋转运动的传动机构。轨道列车包括上述脚踏装置。该用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动的传动机构、脚踏装置及轨道列车解决了脚踏装置的电动高度调整机构的耐用性差的技术问题。

Description

直线转旋转运动的传动机构，脚踏装置及轨道列车 技术领域
本申请涉及轨道列车技术领域，具体地，涉及一种用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动的传动机构，用于轨道列车的脚踏装置及轨道列车。
背景技术
脚踏装置，安装在轨道列车司机室的司机台的下方，是司机台的重要组成部分，是司机搁脚的空间。当前，轨道列车有固定高度的脚踏装置，也有电动高度调整机构的脚踏装置，电动高度调整机构易损坏，耐用性差。
因此，脚踏装置的电动高度调整机构的耐用性差，是本领域技术人员急需要解决的技术问题。
在背景技术中公开的上述信息仅用于加强对本申请的背景的理解，因此其可能包含没有形成为本领域普通技术人员所知晓的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动的传动机构，用于轨道列车的脚踏装置及轨道列车，以解决脚踏装置的电动高度调整机构的耐用性差的技术问题。
本申请实施例提供了一种用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动的传动机构，包括：
U形安装件；
两个转动轴和两个力臂杆，所述力臂杆的一端与所述转动轴轴孔固定连接，所述转动轴连接在所述U形安装件的两个臂之间，且两个所述转动轴间隔设置，两个所述力臂杆保持为相背的同一直线；其中，两个所述力臂杆分别用于承载外部的直线运动；
其中，所述U形安装件的外槽底用于与外部的装置固定；在所述力臂杆承 载外部的直线运动时，使得所述U形安装件带动外部的装置进行旋转。
本申请实施例还提供以下技术方案：
一种轨道列车的脚踏装置，包括固定底座，脚踏板，以及具有上升按钮和下降按钮的升降机构，所述脚踏板具有两个按钮安装孔；
其中，所述升降机构固定在所述固定底座之上，所述脚踏板与所述升降机构连接且所述上升按钮和所述下降按钮分别从两个所述按钮安装孔凸出；
所述升降机构包括：
第一传动机构，用于将所述按钮被按下一次的直线运动传递至所述第二传动机构，按钮包括所述上升按钮和所述下降按钮；
第二传动机构，用于承载直线运动且输出为所述第二传动机构的预设角度的旋转运动；所述第二传动机构上述直线转旋转运动的传动机构；
所述第三传动机构用于承载预设角度的旋转运动转成单位高度的上升和下降，带动所述脚踏板的上升和下降单位高度。
本申请实施例还提供以下技术方案：
一种轨道列车，包括上述脚踏装置。
本申请实施例由于采用以上技术方案，具有以下技术效果：
本申请实施例的用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动的传动机构，两个所述力臂杆保持为相背的同一直线，在其中任一个力臂杆承载外部的直线运动，如向下按压的作用力时，由于力臂杆通过转动轴与U形安装件固定，直线转旋转运动的传动机构整体会以U形安装件和外部的装置固定的位置为中心进行旋转，从而实现了将直线运动转换成旋转运动。本申请实施例的用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动的传动机构是通过机械结构实现，没有电气元件，因此，结构可靠性高，耐用性也较高。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不 当限定。在附图中：
图1为本申请实施例二的一种用于轨道列车的脚踏装置的示意图；
图2为图1所示的脚踏装置的右视图；
图3为图1所示的脚踏装置的爆炸图；
图4为图1所示的脚踏装置的显示内部结构的立体图；
图5为图1所示的脚踏装置的下箱体和上箱体扣合的局部示意图；
图6为图1所示的脚踏装置的局部爆炸图；
图7为图6所示的下箱体的立体图；
图8为图7所示的上箱体的立体图；
图9为图1所示的脚踏装置的齿轮轴，固定圆盘和双向式棘轮锁止机构装配后的立体图；
图10为图9所示的侧视图；
图11为图4所示的脚踏装置的按钮组件装配后的示意图；
图12为图1所示的脚踏装置的按钮组件的立体图；
图13为图12所示的按钮组件的侧视图；
图14为图13所示的一角度剖视放大图；
图15为图12所示按钮组件的内密封圈从内环形凹槽分离后的局部示意图；
图16为图13所示的另一角度剖视放大图；
图17为图1所示的脚踏装置的防漏板固定在司机台的示意图；
图18为本申请实施例一的用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动的传动机构的立体图；
图19为图18所示的第二传动机构的正视图；
图20为图19所示的一角度剖视放大图；
图21为图19所示的另一角度剖视放大图。
附图标记说明：
100固定底座，
210第一传动机构，211a上升按钮，211b下降按钮，212推动杆，
213滚轮，214限位板，215按钮组件安装板，215-1观察孔，
221下箱体，221-1齿条，221-2U型槽，221-3圆筒，221-4下箱体导轨，
221-5限位块，221-6按钮安装板，221-7按钮筒，221-8安装翻边，
222上箱体，222-1圆柱，222-2上箱体导槽，223齿轮轴，
231固定盘，232棘轮锁止机构，
240第二传动机构，241U形安装件，242转动轴，
243力臂杆，243-1杆体，243-2滚筒，244扭力弹簧，
300脚踏板，
411外环形凹槽，411-1卡装凸起，411-2限位凸起，412外密封圈，
421内环形凹槽，422内密封圈，
430装配环，
510防尘刷，520斜撑结构，530防尘罩，540风琴罩，600防漏板。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请实施例中的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行进一步详细的说明，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是所有实施例的穷举。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例一
图18为本申请实施例一的用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动的传动机构的立体图；图19为图18所示的第二传动机构的正视图；图20为图19所示的一角度剖视放大图；图21为图19所示的另一角度剖视放大图。
如图12，图13和图14所示，本申请实施例一的用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动传动机构，包括：
U形安装件241；
两个转动轴242和两个力臂杆243，所述力臂杆243的一端与所述转动轴轴孔固定连接，所述转动轴242连接在所述U形安装件241的两个臂之间，且两个所述转动轴242间隔设置，两个所述力臂杆243保持为相背的同一直线；其中，两个所述力臂杆243分别用于承载外部的直线运动；
其中，所述U形安装件的外槽底用于与外部的装置固定；在所述力臂杆承载外部的直线运动时，使得所述U形安装件带动外部的装置进行旋转。
本申请实施例的用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动的传动机构，两个所述力臂杆保持为相背的同一直线，在其中任一个力臂杆承载外部的直线运动，如向下按压的作用力时，由于力臂杆通过转动轴与U形安装件固定，直线转旋转运动的传动机构整体会以U形安装件和外部的装置固定的位置为中心进行旋转，从而实现了将直线运动转换成旋转运动。本申请实施例的用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动的传动机构是通过机械结构实现，没有电气元件，因此，结构可靠性高，耐用性也较高。
实施中，如图21所示，所述转动轴242的两端分别通过轴承与所述U形安装件241的两个臂可转动连接；
所述第二传动机构还包括两个扭力弹簧244，所述扭力弹簧244套在所述转动轴的外侧；
其中，所述扭力弹簧的下扭杆与所述U形安装件的槽底固定，所述扭力弹簧的上扭杆与紧贴在所述力臂杆朝向所述U形安装件的槽底的一侧，以保持两个所述力臂杆保持为相背的同一直线。
扭力弹簧的存在，一方面使得两个力臂杆保持为相背的同一直线，另一方面，在力臂杆承载外部的直线运动时，扭力弹簧和轴承载一部分扭动的作用力，消耗一部分扭动带来的扭矩，使得直线转旋转运动的传动机构的耐用性提高。
实施中，如图21所示，所述扭力弹簧244位于所述力臂杆243之下。
这样，在力臂杆承载外部的直线运动时，力臂杆向下的力的作用是施加在扭力弹簧之上的，而不是施加在U形安装件之上。在多次使用后，如果扭力弹簧需要更换，更换的元件较小，成本较低，使得维护方便。
实施中，如图20所示，所述力臂杆包括：
杆体243-1，所述杆体的一端设有杆体轴孔，所述杆体轴孔与所述转动轴实现轴孔配合固定连接；
滚筒243-2，所述滚筒243-2通过轴承套接在所述杆体的外周面，使得所述滚筒能相对于所述杆体转动；其中，两个所述滚筒分别用于承载外部的直线运动。
在滚筒承载外部的直线运动时，滚筒能够相对于杆体转动，消耗扭矩，使得直线转旋转运动的传动机构的耐用性提高。
实施中，如图16所示，所述滚轮的胎面是中间低两端高的形状，所述滚轮的胎面用于承载外部的直线运动。
这样，在滚筒承载外部的直线运动时，更加稳定。
实施例二
图1为本申请实施例二的一种用于轨道列车的脚踏装置的示意图；图2为图1所示的脚踏装置的右视图；图3为图1所示的脚踏装置的爆炸图；图4为图1所示的脚踏装置的显示内部结构的立体图。
如图1，图2，图3和图4所示，本申请实施例的用于轨道列车的脚踏装置，包括：
固定底座100；
脚踏板300，具有两个按钮安装孔；
具有上升按钮211a和下降按钮211b的升降机构，所述升降机构固定在所 述固定底座100之上，所述脚踏板300与所述升降机构连接且所述上升按钮211a和所述下降按钮211b分别从两个所述按钮安装孔凸出；
其中，所述升降机构用于在所述上升按钮211a被按下一次时带动所述脚踏板300上升预设的单位高度，在所述下降按钮211b被按下一次时带动所述脚踏板300下降所述单位高度。
升降机构固定在位于底部的固定底座之上，脚踏板与升降机构连接且上升按钮和下降按钮分别从按钮安装孔凸出。这样，用于控制脚踏装置上升和下降的上升按钮和下降按钮是直接暴露在脚踏板处的，便于驾驶员对上升按钮和下降按钮进行踩踏操作。在驾驶员踩踏上升按钮一次时，升降机构带动脚踏板上升预设的单位高度，即上升按钮被按下一次，脚踏板就上升一个单位高度；如果踩踏上升按钮五次，脚踏板就上升五个单位高度；同理，下升按钮被按下一次，脚踏板就下降一个单位高度。本申请实施例的用于轨道列车的脚踏装置，不仅脚踏板上升和下降的操作方式简单；而且单次踩踏后，上升或下降的高度是单位高度，从而脚踏板竖向移动的高度是可控的，便于实现脚踏板高度的调整，以适应不同的驾驶员对脚踏板的高度需求。
为了实现升降机构将按钮被按下一次的作用力，转换成使脚踏板上升和下降单位高度的作用力。因此，实施中，如图4所示，升降机构还需要包括：
所述第一传动机构210用于将所述按钮被按下一次的直线运动传递至所述第二传动机构，按钮包括所述上升按钮和所述下降按钮；
所述第二传动机构240用于承载直线运动且输出为所述第二传动机构的预设角度的旋转运动；所述第二传动机构采用实施例一的直线转旋转运动的传动机构；
所述第三传动机构用于承载预设角度的旋转运动转成单位高度的上升和下降，带动所述脚踏板的上升和下降单位高度。
第一传动机构将按钮被按下一次的直线运动传递至所述第二传动机构；第二传动机构是一个省力机构，将按下按钮一次进行直线运动的较小的力作用， 放大转换成预设角度的旋转运动；第三传动机构将预设角度的旋转运动转换成单位高度的上升和下降，第三传动机构带动脚踏板上升和下降单位高度。是通过机械结构实现，没有电气元件，因此，结构可靠性高，耐用性也较高。
具体的，所述脚踏板采用花纹板。这样，驾驶员在踩踏时，摩擦力较大，不易滑脱。
具体的，脚踏板，上升按钮和下降按钮都采用不锈钢材料。
下面对第一传动机构，第二传动机构和第三传动机构及脚踏装置的其他结构分别进行说明。
第三传动机构的结构如下：
图5为图1所示的脚踏装置的下箱体和上箱体扣合的局部示意图；图6为图1所示的脚踏装置的局部爆炸图；图7为图6所示的下箱体的立体图；图8为图7所示的上箱体的立体图；图9为图1所示的脚踏装置的齿轮轴，固定圆盘和双向式棘轮锁止机构装配后的立体图；图10为图9所示的侧视图；
实施中，如图5，图6，图7，图8，图9和图10所示，第三传动机构包括：
上侧开口的下箱体221，固定在所述固定底座100之上，所述下箱体的内箱壁设置有齿条221-1，所述下箱体具有两个相对设置的U型槽221-2且U型槽开口朝上；
下侧开口的上箱体222，扣合在所述下箱体221之外，所述上箱体位于所述U型槽之外的位置分别设置轴安装孔，所述脚踏板相对于所述上箱体固定；
齿轮轴223，所述齿轮轴的轴体两端分别经两个所述U型槽221-2穿入两个所述轴安装孔，且所述齿轮轴223的轮齿与所述齿条221-1啮合；
其中，所述齿轮轴用于将预设角度的旋转转换成所述齿轮轴在所述齿条上的单位高度的向上和向下的滚动，带动所述上箱体按照单位高度上升和下降。
U型槽开口朝上为所述齿轮轴的上升和下降提供移动空间。第二传动机构输出预设角度的旋转运动，齿轮轴的轴体一端与第二传动机构固定，这样，齿轮轴的轴体就承载了预设角度的旋转运动。所述齿轮轴将预设角度的旋转转换成所述齿轮轴在所述齿条上向上和向下的滚动，将预设角度的旋转转换成所述齿轮轴在所述齿条上向上和向下的滚动的高度作为一个单位高度，进而带动所述上箱体按照单位高度上升和下降。
具体的，U型槽开口的深度为为大于等于90毫米小于等于140毫米的任一值，所述齿条至少从所述U型槽开口的内底的高度位置延伸至所述上箱体的顶端。
这样，脚踏板能够调整的高度范围较大，能够适应不同的驾驶员对脚踏板的高度需求。
实施中，如图5，图6，图9和图10所示，所述第三传动机构还包括固定盘231和双向式棘轮锁止机构232，所述固定盘具有固定盘轴孔；
所述固定盘231与所述下箱体221的外箱壁固定，所述齿轮轴223的轴体的一端穿过所述固定盘轴孔和所述棘轮锁止机构的棘轮同轴固定，所述棘轮锁止机构的棘爪与所述固定盘231连接；
其中，所述棘轮锁止机构的棘轮与所述第二传动机构的U形安装件的外槽底固定以承载预设角度的旋转运动，所述棘轮锁止机构的棘轮用于沿顺时针和逆时针方向以一个轮齿为单位旋转，所述棘爪用于在所述棘轮旋转一个轮齿后锁紧所述棘轮，以实现预设角度的旋转。
这样，第二传动机构输出预设角度的旋转，棘轮锁止机构的棘轮承载预设角度的旋转；通过棘轮锁止机构，固定盘，齿轮轴和齿条的配合，就将预设角度的旋转运动转成齿轮轴单位高度的上升和下降，进而带动上箱体及脚踏板单位高度的上升和下降。
具体的，所述固定盘通过垫块，螺栓，螺母与下箱体的外箱壁固定。这样， 就方便的实现的固定盘的固定，进而实现了棘轮锁止机构的棘爪的连接。
具体的，通过联轴器实现齿轮轴的轴体的一端和棘轮锁止机构的棘轮的同轴固定。通过联轴器方便的实现了齿轮轴的轴体和棘轮锁止机构的棘轮的轴的同轴固定。
实施中，如图5，图7和图8所示，所述下箱体的内底板之上设置圆筒221-3，所述圆筒221-3内固定有压缩弹簧；
所述下箱体的内顶板设置有圆柱222-1；
其中，在所述上箱体222和所述下箱体221扣合时，所述圆柱222-1伸入到所述圆筒221-3内且压住所述压缩弹簧为所述上箱体提供向上的支撑力。
圆筒，压缩弹簧和圆柱的配合，对上箱体提供向上的支撑力，降低了在上箱体上升时的阻力和约束压缩弹簧弹性力的方向。
实施中，如图5，图6，图7和图8所示，所述下箱体221和所述上箱体222是长方体形状的箱体；所述下箱体的内底板之上设置有两个所述圆筒221-3，且两个所述圆筒221-3沿所述上箱体的内底板的长中线间隔设置；
其中，所述下箱体的内底板的长中线是所述下箱体的内底板的两个短边中点的连线。
这样，上箱体受到两套圆筒，压缩弹簧和圆柱的配合，对上箱体提供相对均匀的向上的支撑力，降低了在上箱体上升时的阻力和约束压缩弹簧弹性力的方向。
具体的，如图5，图6和图7所示，所述齿条221-1是两个，间隔设置在下箱体221的内箱壁；对应的，齿轮轴223的轮齿是两个，两个所述齿轮轴的轮齿分别与两个所述齿条221-1啮合。
这样，齿轮轴带动上箱体上升和下降时，上箱体受到的力的作用较为均匀。
实施中，如图6和图7所示，所述下箱体的外箱壁设置有下箱体导轨221-4， 且所述下箱体导轨221-4的导向方向为竖向方向；
如图8所示，所述上箱体的内箱壁设置有上箱体导槽222-2；
其中，所述上箱体相对于所述下箱体上升和下降时，所述下箱体导轨221-4与所述上箱体导槽222-2相互配合起到竖向导向的作用。
下箱体导轨和下箱体导槽配合导向，使得整个上箱体在上升和下降的稳定性。
具体的，如图7所示，所述下箱体导轨221-4是四个，四个所述下箱体导轨221-4设置于所述下箱体四个的外箱壁的中部；
如图8所示，所述上箱体导槽222-2是四个，四个所述上箱体导槽222-2设置在所述上箱体四个内箱壁的中部。
四个下箱体导轨和四个下箱体导槽配合导向，使得整个上箱体上升和下降的稳定性非常高。
实施中，如图7所示，所述下箱体导轨的顶端固定有限位块221-5，所述限位块221-5凸出于所述下箱体导轨221-4；
其中，所述限位块用于阻挡所述上箱体导槽从所述下箱体导轨的顶端脱出，固定有限位块的下箱体导轨位于所述下箱体的长边外箱壁处。
限位块的存在，避免了上箱体导槽从下箱体导轨的顶端脱出，从而防止了上箱体从下箱体的上端脱出。固定有限位块的下箱体导轨位于所述下箱体的长边外箱壁处，使得限位块位置比较靠近箱体的中间，使得上箱体受力较为均匀。
实施中，如图7和图8所示，所述下箱体221的底板和箱壁具有下箱体减重孔，所述上箱体222的顶板和箱壁具有上箱体减重孔。
下箱体减重孔和上箱体减重孔的存在，使得整个脚踏装置的用料减少，质量较轻。
具体的，所述下箱体的底端具有外翻的下箱体翻边，所述上箱体扣合在所 述下箱体之外时，所述上箱体的底端置于所述下箱体翻边之上。
这样，上箱体和下箱体相互作用，避免了上箱体与固定底座的接触，降低了对固定底座的强度要求。
实施中，为了实现脚踏装置的整体防护，如图1所示，脚踏装置还包括防尘罩530和连接在防尘罩之下的风琴罩540。脚踏装置的重要部件都是安装在防尘罩和风琴罩内部的，防尘罩是铝合金材质的防尘罩，风琴罩是人工合成的皮革材质的风琴罩，按钮是需要驾驶员进行踩踏操作的，因此，按钮是暴露在外的。因此，需要对按钮部位进行的防护。
第一传动机构的结构如下：
图11为图4所示的脚踏装置的按钮组件装配后的示意图；图12为图1所示的脚踏装置的按钮组件的立体图；图13为图12所示的按钮组件的侧视图；图14为图13所示的一角度剖视放大图；图15为图12所示按钮组件的内密封圈从内环形凹槽分离后的局部示意图；图16为图13所示的另一角度剖视放大图。
实施中，如图4，图11，图12，图13和图14所示，所述第一传动机构包括按钮组件，所述按钮组件包括：
按钮安装板221-6，具有两个按钮筒固定孔；
两个按钮筒221-7，所述按钮筒的前端具有安装翻边221-8，所述按钮筒的尾端穿过所述按钮筒固定孔且通过所述安装翻边221-8固定在所述按钮安装板上；其中，所述安装翻边朝向按钮安装板的一侧设置有横截面为U型的外环形凹槽411；
外密封圈412，所述外密封圈置于所述外环形凹槽411内，且所述安装翻边221-8压装在所述按钮安装板221-6上进行密封，以实现所述按钮筒和所述按钮安装板之间的密封。
安装翻边朝向按钮安装板的一侧设置有横截面为U型的外环形凹槽，外密 封圈置于外环形凹槽内，安装翻边压装在按钮安装板上进行密封，实现了按钮筒和按钮安装板之间的密封。
实施中，如图14所示，所述按钮组件还包括所述按钮；
所述按钮安装在所述按钮筒221-7内，且所述按钮在被压的力的作用消失时回弹至原位。
这样，按钮和按钮筒相互配合，实现踩踏按钮时，按钮沿着按钮筒向下直线移动，在按钮被松开之后，按钮回弹，按钮沿着按钮筒向上直线移动。
实施中，如图15所示，所述按钮筒的内壁设置有内环形凹槽421，所述内环形凹槽421的槽口朝向所述按钮筒内；
所述按钮组件还包括内密封圈422，所述内密封圈置于所述内环形凹槽内，且所述内密封圈与所述按钮紧密接触，以实现所述按钮和所述按钮筒之间的密封。
内环形凹槽设置在按钮筒的内壁处，内环形凹槽的槽口朝向按钮筒内，内密封圈置于内环形凹槽内，这样，内密封圈与按钮是紧密接触的，从而实现按钮和按钮筒之间的密封。
具体的，如图15所示，所述内环形凹槽421设置在按钮筒的前部。
这样，内密封圈在按钮筒的前部将按钮和按钮筒密封，防止按钮和按钮筒之间进水和灰尘。
实施中，如图15所示，所述内环形凹槽具有卡装凸起411-1，所述卡装凸起411-1设置在远离所述按钮安装板的一侧槽壁的顶端；
所述内密封圈的横截面与所述内环形凹槽的形状一致；
其中，所述卡装凸起用于对所述内密封圈进行阻挡，防止在所述按钮相对于所述按钮筒向下移动时，所述内密封圈下端进入所述按钮和所述密封筒之间的间隙。
卡装凸起存在，对内密封圈的下端进行阻挡，这样，在按钮相对于按钮向下移动时，防止内密封圈下端进入按钮和密封筒之间的间隙，使得脚踏装置耐用，使用寿命长。
具体的，如图15所示，所述卡装凸起411-1是横截面为直角梯形的卡装凸起，所述卡装凸起411-1的直角底边固定在远离所述按钮安装板的一侧槽壁，且所述卡装凸起的直角腰与所述密封筒的内壁相平。
这样，卡装凸起与内密封圈下端的接触面大，卡装凸起能够对内密封圈的下端进行较好的阻挡。
实施中，如图15所示，所述内环形凹槽还具有与所述卡装凸起对角设置的限位凸起411-2，所述内密封圈的横截面与所述内环形凹槽的形状一致；
其中，所述限位凸起411-2用于对所述内密封圈提供向下的作用力，防止在所述按钮相对于所述按钮筒向上移动时，所述内密封圈上端进入所述按钮和所述密封筒之间的间隙。
这样，限位凸起的存在，使得内密封圈的上端与内环形凹槽的接触面积较大，这样，防止内密封圈上端进入按钮和密封筒之间的间隙，使得脚踏装置耐用，使用寿命长。
具体的，如图15所示，限位凸起411-2为横截面为矩形的限位凸起。限位凸起和卡装凸起对角设置，为内密封圈卡入内环形凹槽提供了足够的空间。
实施中，如图15所示，所述按钮筒的内壁位于所述内环形凹槽之下的位置还设置有装配凹槽；
所述按钮组件包括装配环430，所述装配环430安装在所述装配凹槽处，且所述装配环430的内壁凸出于所述按钮筒221-7的内壁，所述装配环430的内壁和所述按钮紧密配合。
转配凹槽和转配环的存在，使得按钮和按钮筒之间的装配转换成了按钮和 装配环之间的装配，降低了对按钮筒的强度和精度要求。
实施中，如图15所示，所述内密封圈422的中心具有中空部，以使所述按钮沿所述按钮筒移动时，所述内密封圈能发生形变以减小与所述按钮之间的摩擦力。
内密封圈的中心具有中空部，使得内密封圈易于发生形变，在按钮沿按钮筒移动时，内密封圈发生形变以减小与所述按钮之间的摩擦力。
内密封圈是材质为丁腈橡胶的橡胶圈，外密封圈是横截面为O型的材质为丁腈橡胶的橡胶圈，双层密封防护可有效阻挡杂物进入脚踏装置内部。内橡胶圈和外橡胶圈的使用寿命都在10W次以上，并且丁腈橡胶材质本身就具有耐腐蚀性的优点，对水、雪、盐、氯化钙都能起到有效地防护作用。
实施中，如图1所示，脚踏装置还包括固定在脚踏板两侧的防尘刷510，可有效防止1毫米以上的颗粒进入。具体的，防尘刷采用尼龙材质的防尘刷。防尘效果好，且质量较轻。
图17为图1所示的脚踏装置的防漏板固定在司机台的示意图。实施中，如图17所示，脚踏装置还包括平板型的防漏板600，所述防漏板600与所述列车的车体固定，所述脚踏装置的固定底座固定在所述防漏板600之上。
防漏板将脚踏装置的其他部件与外界隔开，能够防止防漏板之下的车体处的雨水，雪，灰尘等杂物进入脚踏装置内部。
具体的，防漏板带有M6压铆螺柱，防漏板通过铆接方式和司机台的中柜、右柜进行连接，作为框架一部分通过M8的螺母、大平垫、弹垫和车体进行连接，连接处进行打胶密封。
这样，防漏板的固定稳固。
实施中，如图13和图16所示，所述按钮组件还包括：
推动杆212，所述按钮筒的底部具有按钮筒通孔，所述按钮的底端穿过所述按钮筒通孔固定所述推动杆212，所述推动杆与所述按钮相垂直且两个所述推动杆相对设置；所述推动杆的开放端具有U型安装架，两个所述U型安装架的两个臂与所述按钮安装板相垂直；
滚轮213和滚轮安装轴，所述滚轮安装轴固定在所述U型安装架的两个臂之间，所述滚轮213通过轴承安装在所述滚轮安装轴上。
滚轮通过轴承安装在所述滚轮安装轴上，使得滚轮能够绕滚轮安装轴滚动。按钮下降时，带动推动杆随着下降，从而使得滚轮也随着下降；按钮上升时，滚轮也随着上升。
图16为图13所示的另一角度剖视放大图。实施中，如图16所示，所述滚轮213的胎面是中间低两端高的形状。
这样形状的滚轮胎面用于其他部件的圆柱面相配合，使得所述滚轮的胎面能够横跨在其他部件的圆柱面之上。
这样，使得滚轮和其他部件之间的力的传递更加稳定。
实施中，如图11和图13所示，所述按钮组件还包括：
两个限位板214，两个所述限位板214分别间隔固定在所述按钮安装板221-6的背面，且位于两个所述滚轮213之间；
在所述按钮未被按下时，所述限位板214的底端低于所述滚轮213的底端。
在所述按钮未被按下时，限位板的底端低于滚轮的底端。这样，在按钮被按下松开后，按钮回弹的过程中，对所述滚轮进行保护。
实施中，如图3所示，所述第一传动机构还包括：
按钮组件安装板215，所述按钮组件安装板215具有按钮组件安装孔，所述按钮组件与所述按钮组件安装板215固定，且所述按钮和所述按钮安装板221-6从所述按钮组件安装孔处露出；
所述脚踏板固定在所述按钮组件安装板的正面，且所述按钮从所述按钮安装孔处凸出。
这样，实现了第一传动机构内部的按钮组件和按钮组件安装板之间的装配，也实现了按钮组件安装板和脚踏板之间的装配。
本申请实施例的脚踏装置的按钮组件是独立的结构，使按钮组件在不需要整体拆卸脚踏的情况下，就能够单独取出，进行检修。
实施中，如图6所示，脚踏装置还包括多个斜撑结构520，各个所述斜撑结构520的分别固定在所述上箱体222的外顶板和外箱壁处；
所述按钮组件安装板215的背面与所述斜撑结构520固定，使得所述按钮组件安装板相对于所述固定底座保持预设的倾斜角度。
这样就实现了将按钮安装组件安装板相对于固定底座保持预设的倾斜角度，因为脚踏板固定在安装组件安装板之上，也就实现了脚踏板相对于固定底座保持预设的倾斜角度。
实施中，如图3所示，所述按钮组件安装板215开有观察孔215-1，用于在所述按钮组件安装板215与所述斜撑结构保持固定的情况下，观察所述脚踏装置的内部。
按钮组件安装板开有观察孔，这样，只需要将脚踏板取下，就能通过按钮组件安装板上开有的观察孔，观察脚踏装置的内部的状态，也能够进行简单的检修工作，本申请实施例的脚踏装置具有高可维护性。
第二传动机构的结构如下：
图18为图4所示的第二传动机构的立体图；图19为图18所示的第二传动机构的正视图；图20为图19所示的一角度剖视放大图；图21为图19所示的另一角度剖视放大图。
实施中，如图18和图19所示，所述第二传动机构包括：
U形安装件241；
两个转动轴242和两个力臂杆243，所述力臂杆243的一端与所述转动轴轴孔固定连接，所述转动轴242连接在所述U形安装件241的两个臂之间，且两个所述转动轴242间隔设置，两个所述力臂杆243保持为相背的同一直线；
其中，所述U形安装件的外槽底与所述双向式棘轮锁止机构的棘轮固定；所述按钮被按下一次时，所述滚轮按压下方的力臂杆使得所述棘轮锁止机构的棘轮以一个轮齿为单位旋转后被棘爪锁紧。
所述U形安装件的槽底与所述双向式棘轮锁止机构的棘轮固定，滚轮按压力臂杆使得第二传动机构旋转时，双向式棘轮锁止机构的棘轮也随之旋转；由于双向式棘轮锁止机构的棘爪是与固定盘连接的，而固定盘是与上箱体固定的，双向式棘轮锁止机构使得棘轮沿顺时针和逆时针方向以一个轮齿为单位旋转后，棘爪锁紧所述棘轮，棘轮旋转一个轮齿所转过的角度是棘轮的相邻两个轮齿之间的预设角度。第二传动机构就把从第一传动机构的滚轮处接受的按钮的一次竖向移动转化成了第二传动机构整体的预设角度旋转。又由于棘轮锁止机构的棘轮和所述齿轮轴是同轴固定的，就会带动齿轮轴的轮齿沿齿条向上和向下滚动。
实施中，如图21所示，所述转动轴242的两端分别通过轴承与所述U形安装件241的两个臂可转动连接；
所述第二传动机构还包括两个扭力弹簧244，所述扭力弹簧244套在所述转动轴的外侧；
其中，所述扭力弹簧的下扭杆与所述U形安装件的槽底固定，所述扭力弹簧的上扭杆与紧贴在所述力臂杆朝向所述U形安装件的槽底的一侧，以保持两个所述力臂杆保持为相背的同一直线。
扭力弹簧的存在，一方面使得两个力臂杆保持为相背的同一直线，另一方 面，在滚轮按压力臂杆时，扭力弹簧和轴承载一部分扭动的作用力，消耗一部分扭动带来的扭矩，使得第二传动机构的耐用性提高。
实施中，如图21所示，所述扭力弹簧244位于所述力臂杆243之下。
这样，在滚轮按压力臂杆时，力臂杆向下的力的作用是施加在扭力弹簧之上的，而不是施加在U形安装件之上。在多次使用后，如果扭力弹簧需要更换，更换的元件较小，成本较低，使得维护方便。
实施中，如图20所示，所述力臂杆包括：
杆体243-1，所述杆体的一端设有杆体轴孔，所述杆体轴孔与所述转动轴实现轴孔配合固定连接；
滚筒243-2，所述滚筒243-2通过轴承套接在所述杆体的外周面，使得所述滚筒243-2能相对于所述杆体转动，其中，所述滚筒的中心轴和所述滚轮的中心轴相互垂直；
所述按钮被按下一次时，所述滚轮按压下方的滚筒使得所述棘轮锁止机构的棘轮以一个轮齿为单位旋转后被棘爪锁紧。
所述滚轮的中心轴，滚筒的中心轴，转动轴的中心轴的方向是三个相互垂直的方向，三者都是能够旋转的，从而能够将按钮被按下一次这个操作可能产生的力矩进行消耗，进而使得脚踏装置耐用性较高。
实施中，如图16所示，所述滚轮213的胎面是中间低两端高的形状，使得所述滚轮213的胎面能够横跨在所述滚筒243-2的外周面之上。
这样，使得滚轮和滚筒之间的力的传递更加稳定。
下面对脚踏装置的部件进行进一步说明。
本申请实施例的脚踏装置，采用的是机械升降方式，具有结构牢固、功能稳定且升降过程平稳等优点，其中，脚踏装置中使用的轴承均为自密封结构， 两边进水也落不到齿轮轴和齿条上，因此脚踏装置对维护要求较低。
但是为防止脚踏装置在使用过程中出现意外的情况，同时为方便日常对脚踏运行维护和检修，在拆卸掉脚踏板之后，通过按钮组件安装板的观察孔就可以便捷的观察脚踏装置内部的状态，也能够进行简单的检修工作。
同时按钮组件是独立的结构，使按钮组件在不需要整体拆卸脚踏的情况下，就能够单独取出，进行检修。
实施中，由于第一传动机构的限位板的存在，使得在按钮从被按压到被松开后，滚轮和滚筒一起复位，限位板对滚筒进行阻挡，防止滚筒向上的惯性施加到滚轮之上，对滚轮起到保护作用。
具体的，齿条为上箱体的上升和下降提供了稳定的步长。
具体的，齿轮轴选择2模17齿的标准直齿。通过大量的计算和验证，确定了齿轮的齿数和模数等参数，保证了整体结构的稳定性和实用性。实践证明，双模齿轮能较好地实现脚踏板的上升和下降。其原因是：模数越小，齿轮啮合面越小，容易发生断齿。当模量较大时，齿数过少时容易脱轨，造成空转时轮无法上升的现象。实践证明，2模17齿的直齿圆柱的齿轮轴能保证合理的单位高度，稳定的上升和下降，以及具有较小的结构。
具体的，所述脚踏板与水平面之间的夹角为大于等于15度小于等于20度的任一值。
更进一步的，所述脚踏板与水平面之间的夹角为20度。这样的夹角，符合较多驾驶员的脚踏习惯，符合人机学。
具体的，上升按钮和下降按钮间隔设置在所述脚踏板的右侧，且上下间隔设置，上升按钮位于下方，下降按钮位于上方。
在未踩踏脚踏按钮的情况下，按钮高于脚踏板正面35mm左右；脚踏按钮距离脚踏板中心间距为206毫米；考虑到驾驶员穿戴安全靴的情况，进行了人 机分析，通过人机分析得知，司机在调节脚踏板高度时，为避免同时踩踏2个按钮，踩踏时可倾斜一定角度进行踩踏，倾斜角度约为12度左右；当然同时踩踏2个按钮也不会对脚踏装置造成影响，同时踩踏2个按钮，脚踏板会根据2个按钮受力不同进行升降动作，此时受力大的按钮起主要作用。
具体的，齿轮轴，齿条，下箱体导轨采用了45号钢，弹簧使用的是弹簧钢；即脚踏装置中对刚度和强度要求较高的部件采用不锈钢材料。其他需要采用金属材料的部件采用铝合金材料的部件，使得整个脚踏装置的重量较小，实现减重的目的。
齿轮轴，齿条的接触强度、疲劳强度及疲劳弯曲强度均需满足使用要求。针对按钮的使用寿命需要达到3万使用的使用寿命。
具体的，脚踏底座通过螺栓，螺母和弹平垫等紧固件与下箱体固定。
实施例三
本申请实施例的轨道列车，具有实施例二所述的脚踏装置。
在本申请及其实施例的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“顶”、“底”、“高度”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请及其实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接，还可以是通信；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请及其实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和 第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
上文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本申请的不同结构。为了简化本申请的公开，上文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然，它们仅仅为示例，并且目的不在于限制本申请。此外，本申请可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母，这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的，其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。此外，本申请提供了的各种特定的工艺和材料的例子，但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的应用和/或其他材料的使用。
尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种用于轨道列车脚踏装置的直线转旋转运动的传动机构，其特征在于，包括：
    U形安装件；
    两个转动轴和两个力臂杆，所述力臂杆的一端与所述转动轴轴孔固定连接，所述转动轴连接在所述U形安装件的两个臂之间，且两个所述转动轴间隔设置，两个所述力臂杆保持为相背的同一直线；其中，两个所述力臂杆分别用于承载外部的直线运动；
    其中，所述U形安装件的外槽底用于与外部的装置固定；在所述力臂杆承载外部的直线运动时，使得所述U形安装件带动外部的装置进行旋转。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的直线转旋转运动的传动机构，其特征在于，所述转动轴的两端分别通过轴承与所述U形安装件的两个臂可转动连接；
    所述第二传动机构还包括两个扭力弹簧，所述扭力弹簧套在所述转动轴的外侧；
    其中，所述扭力弹簧的下扭杆与所述U形安装件的槽底固定，所述扭力弹簧的上扭杆与紧贴在所述力臂杆朝向所述U形安装件的槽底的一侧，以保持两个所述力臂杆保持为相背的同一直线。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的直线转旋转运动的传动机构，其特征在于，所述扭力弹簧位于所述力臂杆之下。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的直线转旋转运动的传动机构，其特征在于，所述力臂杆包括：
    杆体，所述杆体的一端设有杆体轴孔，所述杆体轴孔与所述转动轴实现轴孔配合固定连接；
    滚筒，所述滚筒通过轴承套接在所述杆体的外周面，使得所述滚筒能相对于所述杆体转动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的直线转旋转运动的传动机构，其特征在于，所述滚轮的胎面是中间低两端高的形状，所述滚轮的胎面用于承载外部的直线运动。
  6. 一种轨道列车的脚踏装置，其特征在于，包括固定底座，脚踏板，以及具有上升按钮和下降按钮的升降机构，所述脚踏板具有两个按钮安装孔；
    其中，所述升降机构固定在所述固定底座之上，所述脚踏板与所述升降机构连接且所述上升按钮和所述下降按钮分别从两个所述按钮安装孔凸出；
    所述升降机构包括：
    第一传动机构，用于将所述按钮被按下一次的直线运动传递至所述第二传动机构，按钮包括所述上升按钮和所述下降按钮；
    第二传动机构，用于承载直线运动且输出为所述第二传动机构的预设角度的旋转运动；所述第二传动机构采用权利要求1至5任一所述的直线转旋转运动的传动机构；
    所述第三传动机构用于承载预设角度的旋转运动转成单位高度的上升和下降，带动所述脚踏板的上升和下降单位高度。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的脚踏装置，其特征在于，第三传动机构包括：
    上侧开口的下箱体，固定在所述固定底座之上，所述下箱体的内箱壁设置有齿条，所述下箱体具有两个相对设置的U型槽且U型槽开口朝上；
    下侧开口的上箱体，扣合在所述下箱体之外，所述上箱体位于所述U型槽之外的位置分别设置轴安装孔，所述脚踏板相对于所述上箱体固定；
    齿轮轴，所述齿轮轴的轴体两端分别经两个所述U型槽穿入两个所述轴安装孔，且所述齿轮轴的轮齿与所述齿条啮合；
    其中，所述齿轮轴用于将预设角度的旋转转换成所述齿轮轴在所述齿条上的单位高度的向上和向下的滚动，带动所述上箱体按照单位高度上升和下降。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的脚踏装置，其特征在于，所述第三传动机构还包括固定盘和双向式棘轮锁止机构，所述固定盘具有固定盘轴孔；
    所述固定盘与所述下箱体的外箱壁固定，所述齿轮轴的轴体的一端穿过所述固定盘轴孔和所述棘轮锁止机构的棘轮同轴固定，所述棘轮锁止机构的棘爪与所述固定盘连接；
    其中，所述棘轮锁止机构的棘轮与所述U形安装件的外槽底固定以承载预设角度的旋转运动，所述棘轮锁止机构的棘轮用于沿顺时针和逆时针方向以一个轮齿为单位旋转，所述棘爪用于在所述棘轮旋转一个轮齿后锁紧所述棘轮，以实现预设角度的旋转。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的脚踏装置，其特征在于，所述第一传动机构包括按钮组件，所述按钮组件包括：
    按钮安装板，具有两个按钮筒固定孔；
    两个按钮筒，所述按钮筒的前端具有安装翻边，通过所述安装翻边固定在按钮安装板的按钮筒固定孔处；其中，所述安装翻边朝向按钮安装板的一侧设置有横截面为U型的外环形凹槽；
    外密封圈，所述外密封圈置于所述外环形凹槽内，且所述安装翻边压装在所述按钮安装板上进行密封，以实现所述按钮筒和所述按钮安装板之间的密封。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的脚踏装置，其特征在于，所述按钮筒的内壁设置有内环形凹槽，所述内环形凹槽的槽口朝向所述按钮筒内；
    所述按钮组件还包括内密封圈，所述内密封圈置于所述内环形凹槽内，且所述内密封圈与所述按钮紧密接触，以实现所述按钮和所述按钮筒之间的密封。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的脚踏装置，其特征在于，所述内环形凹槽具有卡装凸起，所述卡装凸起设置在远离所述按钮安装板的一侧槽壁的顶端；
    所述内密封圈的横截面与所述内环形凹槽的形状一致；
    其中，所述卡装凸起用于对所述内密封圈进行阻挡，防止在所述按钮相对于所述按钮筒向下移动时，所述内密封圈下端进入所述按钮和所述密封筒之间 的间隙。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的脚踏装置，其特征在于，所述内环形凹槽还具有与所述卡装凸起对角设置的限位凸起，所述内密封圈的横截面与所述内环形凹槽的形状一致；
    其中，所述限位凸起用于对所述内密封圈提供向下的作用力，防止在所述按钮相对于所述按钮筒向上移动时，所述内密封圈上端进入所述按钮和所述密封筒之间的间隙。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的脚踏装置，其特征在于，所述按钮组件还包括：
    推动杆，所述按钮筒的底部具有按钮筒通孔，所述按钮的底端穿过所述按钮筒通孔固定所述推动杆，所述推动杆与所述按钮相垂直且两个所述推动杆相对设置；所述推动杆的开放端具有U型安装架，两个所述U型安装架的两个臂与所述按钮安装板相垂直；
    滚轮和滚轮安装轴，所述滚轮安装轴固定在所述U型安装架的两个臂之间，所述滚轮通过轴承安装在所述滚轮安装轴上；
    两个所述滚轮分别位于所述力臂杆的上方，其中，所述滚筒的中心轴和所述滚轮的中心轴相互垂直；
    所述按钮被按下一次时，所述滚轮按压下方的力臂杆使得所述棘轮锁止机构的棘轮以一个轮齿为单位旋转后被棘爪锁紧。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的脚踏装置，其特征在于，所述按钮组件还包括：
    两个限位板，两个所述限位板分别间隔固定在所述按钮安装板的背面，且位于两个所述滚轮之间；
    在所述按钮未被按下时，所述限位板的底端低于所述滚轮的底端；
    其中，所述滚轮用于传递所述按钮的直线移动。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的脚踏装置，其特征在于，所述第一传动机构 还包括：
    按钮组件安装板，所述按钮组件安装板具有按钮组件安装孔，所述按钮组件与所述按钮组件安装板固定，且所述按钮和所述按钮安装板从所述按钮组件安装孔处露出；
    所述脚踏板固定在所述按钮组件安装板的正面，且所述按钮从所述按钮安装孔处凸出。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的脚踏装置，其特征在于，还包括多个斜撑结构，各个所述斜撑结构的分别固定在所述上箱体的外顶板和外箱壁处；
    所述按钮组件安装板的背面与所述斜撑结构固定，使得所述按钮组件安装板相对于所述固定底座保持预设的倾斜角度。
  17. 一种轨道列车，其特征在于，包括权利要求6至16任一所述的脚踏装置。
PCT/CN2020/127085 2020-05-13 2020-11-06 直线转旋转运动的传动机构，脚踏装置及轨道列车 WO2021227398A1 (zh)

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