WO2021218247A1 - 一种咖啡组分萃取分离系统及工艺 - Google Patents

一种咖啡组分萃取分离系统及工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021218247A1
WO2021218247A1 PCT/CN2021/073480 CN2021073480W WO2021218247A1 WO 2021218247 A1 WO2021218247 A1 WO 2021218247A1 CN 2021073480 W CN2021073480 W CN 2021073480W WO 2021218247 A1 WO2021218247 A1 WO 2021218247A1
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Prior art keywords
extraction
carbon dioxide
tank
coffee
fluid
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PCT/CN2021/073480
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈荣
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华南理工大学
广州淡淡成香文化发展有限公司
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Publication of WO2021218247A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021218247A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0203—Solvent extraction of solids with a supercritical fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F5/00—Coffee; Coffee substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F5/24—Extraction of coffee; Coffee extracts; Making instant coffee
    • A23F5/26—Extraction of water-soluble constituents
    • A23F5/267—Extraction of water-soluble constituents using additives, specific extraction media or specific coffee blends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0207—Control systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/028—Flow sheets
    • B01D11/0284—Multistage extraction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
    • C11B9/025—Recovery by solvent extraction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of coffee product processing, in particular to a coffee component extraction and separation system and process.
  • Coffee is rich in nutrients and has special functional components. During the more than one thousand years of human use of coffee, people have continuously explored and studied coffee components and utilization development. Coffee researchers have isolated nearly 900 compounds from cooked coffee beans. Coffee researchers speculate that cooked coffee beans should contain more than 1,200 compounds on the basis of existing experiments. At present, the use of coffee is mainly to extract the nutrients of coffee by using water as an extract. A large number of experiments have shown that water-soluble substances in coffee account for only 30% of the weight of the cooked coffee beans. In the process, more than 70% of the water-insoluble substances (including fat-soluble substances) in the cooked coffee beans are discarded.
  • the utilization rate of coffee beans is low, causing urban environmental pollution; the sweet, bitter, bitter and salty substances in the coffee are mutually suppressed, and the barista
  • the coffee extraction rate is controlled at 18-22%, resulting in more coffee grounds pollutants (including fat-soluble substances and partially water-soluble substances).
  • research and development of advanced coffee extraction equipment and technologies are the needs of the development and progress of the coffee industry.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above prior art and provide a coffee component extraction and separation system that improves the utilization rate of coffee beans.
  • the invention also provides a process for extracting and separating coffee components with high efficiency and energy saving and improved utilization of coffee beans.
  • a coffee component extraction and separation system including an extraction tank, a first extraction material collection tank, a first ejector, a second extraction material collection tank, and a carbon dioxide cooling tank;
  • the extraction tank has a coffee material inlet, a coffee material outlet, a cold fluid inlet, a cold fluid return port, and a first injection port;
  • the first extraction material collection tank has a second injection port, an extraction fluid return inlet, and a first extraction material Outlet;
  • the second extraction material collection tank has a jet fluid inlet, a first gas return port, an extraction fluid return outlet, and a second extraction material outlet;
  • the discharge port of the carbon dioxide cooling tank is communicated with the cold fluid inlet of the extraction tank through a pressurizing pump, and the cold fluid return port of the extraction tank is connected with the feed port of the carbon dioxide cooling tank;
  • the second spray port is in communication with the spray fluid inlet of the second extraction material collection tank, the first sprayer is installed in the first extraction material collection tank, and the first spray port of the extraction tank is connected to the feed of the first sprayer.
  • the injection end of the first ejector is in communication with the inner cavity of the second extraction material collection tank through the second injection port, and the extraction fluid return outlet of the second extraction material collection tank is connected to the first extraction material collection tank.
  • the extraction fluid reflux inlet is in communication, and the first gas reflux port of the second extraction material collection tank is in communication with the cold fluid inlet of the extraction tank.
  • the third extraction material collection tank has a third extraction material outlet and a second gas return port;
  • the second extraction material collection tank also has a third The injection port, the third injection port is in communication with the feed end of the second ejector, the injection end of the second ejector is in communication with the inner cavity of the third extraction material collection tank, and the second gas return port is in communication with the carbon dioxide
  • the feed port of the cooling tank is connected.
  • a valve is installed at the third extraction material outlet and the second gas return port, and a valve is installed at the third injection port of the second extraction material collection tank.
  • it further includes a first gas storage tank and a second gas storage tank; the inlet end of the first gas storage tank and the inlet end of the second gas storage tank are both connected to the first gas return port through a pipeline, and the first gas storage tank The outlet end of a gas storage tank and the outlet end of the second gas storage tank are both connected with the cold fluid inlet of the extraction tank through a pipeline.
  • the extraction tank, the first extraction material collection tank and the second extraction material collection tank all have safety valves.
  • a cooling pipe is installed in the carbon dioxide cooling tank, and a heating pipe is installed in the second extraction material collection tank.
  • valves are installed at the coffee material inlet, the coffee material outlet, the cold fluid inlet, the cold fluid return port, and the first injection port of the extraction tank; the extraction fluid of the first extraction material collection tank Valves are installed at the backflow inlet and the first extraction material outlet, and valves are installed at the first gas backflow outlet, the extraction fluid backflow outlet and the second extraction material outlet of the second extraction material collection tank.
  • a coffee component extraction and separation process adopts the above-mentioned coffee component extraction and separation system to separate coffee components, and the coffee component extraction and separation process steps are as follows:
  • One-stage circulation extraction add coffee material to the extraction tank, and continuously pass the low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid into the extraction tank, pressurize it to the extraction pressure of 37 ⁇ 43MPa by the pressure pump, and the extraction time of 17 ⁇ 27min;
  • Two-stage circulation extraction Continuously pass low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid into the extraction tank, pressurize it to an extraction pressure of 27 ⁇ 36 MPa by a pressurizing pump, and the extraction time is 20 ⁇ 37min;
  • Three-stage circulation extraction continuously pass low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid into the extraction tank, pressurize it to an extraction pressure of 8-16 MPa by a pressurizing pump, and the extraction time is 26-37min;
  • the first-stage separation further includes the following steps: in the second extraction material collection tank, the caffeine and macromolecular coffee components are separated from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid after high-speed jetting and pressure reduction, and then deposited; part of the carbon dioxide containing coffee components
  • the extraction fluid flows into the first extraction material collection tank, the carbon dioxide extraction fluid recovers the gas characteristics for recycling, and the coffee components are deposited;
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure> 26MPa flows into the first gas storage tank for secondary extraction; the pressure is 16MPa ⁇ 26MPa
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid flows into the second gas storage tank for three-stage extraction; the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure of ⁇ 16MPa is injected into the third extraction material collection tank through the second ejector, and the small molecule coffee components are combined with
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid is separated and deposited, and the carbon dioxide extraction fluid recovers its gas characteristics for recycling.
  • the secondary separation further includes the following steps: in the second extraction material collecting tank, the caffeine and macromolecular coffee components are separated from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid after high-speed jetting and pressure reduction;
  • the extraction fluid flows into the first extraction material collection tank, and the carbon dioxide extraction fluid recovers the gas characteristics for recycling, and the coffee components are deposited;
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with pressure> 16MPa flows into the second gas storage tank for three extractions;
  • the second ejector is sprayed into the third extraction material collection tank. After high-speed spraying and depressurization, the small-molecule coffee components are separated from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid and deposited, and the carbon dioxide extraction fluid recovers its gas characteristics for recycling.
  • the three-stage separation further includes the following steps: in the second extraction material collection tank, the caffeine and macromolecular coffee components are separated from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid after high-speed jetting and depressurization, and some carbon dioxide containing coffee components is deposited.
  • the extraction fluid flows into the first extraction material collection tank, and the carbon dioxide extraction fluid recovers the gas characteristics for recycling, and the coffee components are deposited;
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure of ⁇ 16MPa is injected into the third extraction material collection tank through the second ejector, and is jetted at a high speed. After the pressure is reduced, the small-molecule coffee components are separated from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid and deposited, and the carbon dioxide extraction fluid restores the gas characteristics for recycling.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the extraction tank, the carbon dioxide cooling tank and the low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid are recycled during the extraction process to save costs for the enterprise; the first ejector and the second ejector are used in the separation stage
  • the device sprays and depressurizes the carbon dioxide extraction fluid containing coffee components.
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with higher pressure recycles its pressure energy.
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with lower pressure recovers its gas characteristics after depressurization or temperature rise, thereby interacting with caffeine and caffeine.
  • the coffee components are automatically separated, which greatly reduces manual workload, reduces production costs and improves production efficiency. This system is controlled by a computer program, which is easy to maintain and operate.
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction fluid has a high extraction rate for fat-soluble coffee components. Adjusting the extraction pressure can quickly extract the components of the coffee beans and coffee powder. After the extraction is completed, only reduce the pressure or heat up to restore the gas characteristics of the carbon dioxide.
  • the coffee components can be separated. No water and any chemical substances are added during the extraction process, and other chemical properties of the coffee materials are not changed. The coffee components can be quickly extracted from various coffee materials, and the extraction process is efficient and environmentally friendly.
  • the pressure or temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction fluid for extracting coffee components is adjusted and controlled, which can selectively extract the caffeine in the coffee material without adding water and any chemical substances during the extraction process. Effectively reduce the loss of original flavor components of coffee materials.
  • EP European Processing method
  • SWP Swiss water treatment method
  • the coffee beans fiber cells appear voids or torn, which makes the water-soluble coffee components easier to dissolve, especially to effectively promote the roasting of unprocessed coffee beans
  • the first burst of coffee beans dissolve the coffee components, which greatly promotes the research and utilization of coffee bean fiber modification.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a coffee component extraction and separation system according to the present invention.
  • the coffee component extraction and separation system shown in Figure 1 includes an extraction tank 1, a first extraction material collection tank 2, a first ejector 3, a second extraction material collection tank 4, and a carbon dioxide cooling tank 5;
  • the extraction tank 1 has a coffee material inlet 101, a coffee material outlet 102, a cold fluid inlet 103, a cold fluid return port 104 and a first injection port 105;
  • the first extraction material collection tank 2 has a second injection port 201, extraction The fluid return inlet 202 and the first extraction material outlet 203;
  • the second extraction material collection tank 4 has a jet fluid inlet 401, a first gas return port 402, an extraction fluid return outlet 403, and a second extraction material outlet 404;
  • the discharge port 502 of the carbon dioxide cooling tank 5 is in communication with the cold fluid inlet 103 of the extraction tank 1 through the pressurizing pump 8, and the cold fluid return port 104 of the extraction tank 1 is in communication with the feed port 501 of the carbon dioxide cooling tank 5;
  • the second injection port 201 of the first extraction material collection tank 2 is in communication with the injection fluid inlet 401 of the second extraction material collection tank 4, and the first ejector 3 is installed in the first extraction material collection tank 2.
  • the first injection port 105 of the extraction tank 1 is in communication with the feed end of the first ejector 3, and the injection end of the first ejector 3 is in communication with the inner cavity of the second extraction material collecting tank 4 through the second injection port 201
  • the extraction fluid return outlet 403 of the second extraction material collection tank 2 is in communication with the extraction fluid return inlet 202 of the first extraction material collection tank 2
  • the first gas return port 402 of the second extraction material collection tank 4 passes through a valve and
  • the pipelines are respectively communicated with the first gas storage tank and the second gas storage tank, and the first gas storage tank and the second gas storage tank are respectively communicated with the cold fluid inlet 103 of the extraction tank 1 through the pressure pump 8 through the valve and the pipeline. Setting the first gas storage tank and the second gas storage tank can utilize the pressure energy of the carbon dioxide extraction fluid and recycle the carbon dioxide extraction fluid, saving production costs for the enterprise.
  • the third extraction material collection tank 6 has a third extraction material outlet 601 and a second gas return port 602; the second extraction material collection tank 4 also There is a third injection port 406, the third injection port 406 is in communication with the feeding end of the second injector 7, and the injection end of the second injector 7 is in communication with the inner cavity of the third extraction material collecting tank 6, so
  • the second gas return port 602 communicates with the carbon dioxide recovery tank through a valve and a pipeline, and the carbon dioxide recovery tank communicates with the feed port 501 of the carbon dioxide cooling tank 5 through a valve and pipeline.
  • the first injector 3 and the second injector 7 are both Laval injectors.
  • the gaseous carbon dioxide recovered in the third extraction material collection tank 6 is recovered by setting a carbon dioxide recovery tank. After the gaseous carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide cooling tank 5 and is cooled into a low-temperature fluid, it enters the extraction tank 1 again to circulate and extract coffee materials.
  • the first gas storage tank, the second gas storage tank and the carbon dioxide recovery tank are not shown in Figure 1, it does not affect the corresponding connection relationship of the first gas storage tank, the second gas storage tank and the carbon dioxide recovery tank in the above description.
  • the coffee material inlet 101 and the cold fluid return port 104 are all arranged in the upper part of the extraction tank 1, and the coffee material outlet 102, the cold fluid inlet 103 and the first spray port 105 are all arranged in the lower part of the extraction tank.
  • This setting is easy to operate and improves the extraction efficiency.
  • the first extraction material outlet 203 and the extraction fluid return inlet 202 are both arranged at the lower part of the first extraction material collection tank 2, and the extraction fluid return inlet 202 is higher than the first extraction material outlet 203, which is beneficial to the coffee composition after the carbon dioxide fluid recovers its gas characteristics.
  • the second injection port 201 is directly opposite to the injection end of the first ejector 3 and the injection fluid inlet 401 of the second extraction material collecting tank 4.
  • the second injection port 201 is set in the first extraction The middle and upper part of the material collection tank 2.
  • the second extraction material outlet 404 and the extraction fluid return outlet 403 are both arranged at the lower part of the second extraction material collection tank 4, and the extraction fluid return outlet 403 is higher than the second extraction material outlet 404.
  • the first gas return port 402 and the second gas return port 602 are respectively arranged at the upper part of the second extraction material collection tank 4 and the upper part of the third extraction material collection tank 6.
  • the third extraction material outlet 601 is arranged at the lower part of the third extraction material collection tank 6. According to the principle of aerodynamics, the installation position of the second ejector 7 is higher than that of the second ejector 3, which facilitates the separation of macromolecular coffee components from small molecular coffee components.
  • the function of the extraction tank 1 The extraction tank 1 is connected to the carbon dioxide cooling tank 5 (built-in cooling pipe 503) and the pressure pump 8 through pipelines. Coffee material (cooked coffee beans or coffee powder) is added to the extraction tank 1 through the coffee material inlet 101, and the food-grade carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide cooling tank 5 from the inlet 501 of the carbon dioxide cooling tank 5 into the carbon dioxide cooling tank 5 to cool down and become a fluid state after pressurization.
  • the pump 8 is pumped into the extraction tank 1, and then circulates and pressurizes through the carbon dioxide cold fluid return port 104, the carbon dioxide cooling tank 5 and the pressure pump 8 to the process set extraction coffee component pressure of 37 ⁇ 43MPa. After the extraction is completed, the coffee group is included.
  • the separated carbon dioxide extraction fluid is sprayed into the second extraction material collecting tank 4 through the first ejector 3 to enter the next process flow.
  • the low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid is circulated and extracted.
  • the process flow is simple and the application range is wide. By adjusting and controlling the extraction process pressure, the coffee components contained in the cooked coffee beans or coffee powder can be efficiently processed.
  • the coffee material is discharged from the coffee material outlet 102 after the extraction is completed.
  • the function of the first extraction material collection tank 2 After the extraction tank 1 completes the extraction, the carbon dioxide extraction fluid containing coffee components is injected into the second extraction material collection tank 4 through the first injection port 105 and the first ejector 3, and the injection pressure The difference is >10MPa. After high-speed jetting and depressurization, the caffeine and macromolecular coffee components are separated and deposited from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid. Part of the unseparated macromolecular coffee components (fat-soluble substances) and the mixed fluid of carbon dioxide flow through the extraction fluid backflow outlet 403 , The extraction fluid return inlet 202 enters the first extraction material collection tank 2 for pressure reduction and separation.
  • the high pressure of the extraction fluid (>16MPa) jet suction makes the first extraction material collection tank 2 form a low pressure state (as low as 0.0MPa) and accelerates carbon dioxide.
  • the extraction fluid restores the gas characteristics, and the macromolecular coffee components and carbon dioxide gas are quickly separated and precipitated.
  • the carbon dioxide gas is taken away by jet suction.
  • the coffee components deposited in the first extraction material collection tank 2 are separated by the first extraction material collection tank 2
  • An extraction material outlet 203 is discharged.
  • the high-pressure carbon dioxide extraction fluid (>16MPa) is jetted and depressurized by the first ejector 3 at high speed.
  • the injected carbon dioxide extraction fluid has high molecular kinetic energy and has extremely high suction characteristics for gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • the low pressure state in the tank (as low as 0.0MPa)
  • the carbon dioxide gas separated from the coffee components is quickly sucked into the second extraction material collection tank 4 for recycling.
  • the function of the second extraction material collection tank 4 the high-pressure carbon dioxide extraction fluid (>8MPa) is injected into the second extraction material collection tank 4 through the first ejector 3 at a high speed, and the injection pressure difference is adjusted and controlled or the carbon dioxide extraction fluid is heated to make caffeine and large
  • the molecular coffee components are separated and crystallized from carbon dioxide.
  • Part of the unseparated macromolecular coffee components and the carbon dioxide extraction fluid enter the first extraction material collection tank 2 through the extraction fluid return outlet 403 for pressure reduction and separation. After the extraction is completed, the macromolecular coffee components are contained.
  • the mixed fluid of fat-soluble substance and caffeine is discharged through the second extraction material outlet 404; in cyclic extraction, the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure of >26MPa enters the first gas storage through the first gas return port 402 and corresponding valves and pipes.
  • the tank is used for the second-stage cyclic extraction; the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure of 16MPa ⁇ 26MPa enters the second gas storage tank through the first gas return port 402 and corresponding valves and pipes for the third-stage cyclic extraction; the pressure is less than 16MPa.
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid of the small-molecule coffee component (fat-soluble aromatic substance) is sprayed by the second ejector 7 and brought into the third extraction material collecting tank 6 for pressure reduction and separation.
  • the function of the third extraction material collection tank 6 the carbon dioxide extraction fluid containing small molecule coffee components (fat-soluble aromatic substances) is sprayed into the third extraction material collection tank 6 through the second ejector 7 to adjust and control the spray pressure difference or heating
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid completely separates the coffee components from the carbon dioxide gas, and recovers the carbon dioxide gas characteristics through the second gas return port 602;
  • the internal pressure of the third extraction material collection tank 6 can be adjusted and controlled to a low pressure state (close to normal Pressure state), so that the small molecule coffee component (fat-soluble aromatic substance) and carbon dioxide gas are completely separated and precipitated.
  • the small molecule coffee component (fat-soluble aromatic substance) is discharged from the third extraction material outlet 601.
  • first gas storage tank and a second gas storage tank and corresponding valves and pipelines the inlet end of the first gas storage tank and the inlet end of the second gas storage tank are connected to the first gas return port through the pipeline and valve 402 is connected, and the outlet end of the first gas storage tank and the outlet end of the second gas storage tank are both connected with the cold fluid inlet 103 of the extraction tank 1 through pipes and valves.
  • first gas storage tank and the second gas storage tank By setting the first gas storage tank and the second gas storage tank, carbon dioxide extraction fluids of different pressures can be recycled and utilized separately, and the pressure of the carbon dioxide extraction fluid can be fully utilized to save production costs for the enterprise.
  • the extraction tank 1, the first extraction material collection tank 2 and the second extraction material collection tank 4 all have a safety valve 9.
  • the safety valve 9 is provided to ensure that the pressure in the tank is controllable and improve the safety of factory production.
  • a cooling pipe 503 is installed in the carbon dioxide cooling tank 5, and a heating pipe 405 is installed in the second extraction material collection tank 4.
  • the cooling pipe 503 is used to cool the carbon dioxide gas and turn it into a low-temperature carbon dioxide fluid.
  • the heating pipe 405 is provided to increase the temperature of the carbon dioxide extraction fluid and quickly restore the gas characteristics.
  • Valves 10 are installed at the coffee material inlet 101, the coffee material outlet 102, the cold fluid inlet 103, the cold fluid return port 104, and the first injection port 105 of the extraction tank 1; the first extraction material collects Valves 10 are installed at the extraction fluid return inlet 202 and the first extraction material outlet 203 of the tank 2, and the second extraction material collection tank 4 has the first gas return port 402, the extraction fluid return outlet 403, and the second extraction material outlet 203.
  • a valve 10 is installed at the outlet 404 of the extracted material.
  • a valve 10 is installed at the third extraction material outlet 601 and the second gas return port 602, and a valve 10 is installed at the third injection port 406 of the second extraction material collection tank 4.
  • the coffee component extraction and separation system uses the first ejector 3 and the second ejector 7 to use the suction characteristics of high-pressure carbon dioxide fluid molecules (high kinetic energy) against low-pressure carbon dioxide gas molecules (low kinetic energy) to extract fluid at high pressure Pressure energy (>8MPa) is used as power for jet pumping. No additional power is needed to make the first extraction material collection tank 2 into a low pressure state (as low as 0.0MPa). After pressure reduction or heating, caffeine and other coffee components and carbon dioxide extraction fluid Separation and crystallization, precipitation and collection of coffee components, and recovery of the gas characteristics of the carbon dioxide extraction fluid for recycling.
  • a coffee component extraction and separation process adopts the above-mentioned coffee component extraction and separation system to separate coffee components, and the coffee component extraction and separation process steps are as follows:
  • One-stage cyclic extraction add coffee material 11 (cooked coffee beans or coffee powder) into extraction tank 1, continuously pass low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid into extraction tank 1, and pressurize it to extraction pressure 37 ⁇ by pressure pump 8 43MPa, extraction time 17 ⁇ 27min;
  • Two-stage circulation extraction first pass the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure of> 26 MPa in the first gas storage tank into the extraction tank 1, and then continuously supply the extraction tank 1 with the low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid, and add it through the pressurizing pump 8. Press to extraction pressure 27 ⁇ 36 MPa, extraction time 20 ⁇ 37min;
  • Three-stage cyclic extraction first pass the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure> 16MPa in the second gas storage tank into the extraction tank 1, and continue to supply the extraction tank 1 with the low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid, and add it through the pressurized pump 8. Press to extraction pressure 8-16 MPa, extraction time 26-37min;
  • the first-stage separation also includes the following process: in the second extraction material collection tank 4, the caffeine and macromolecular coffee components are separated from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid after high-speed jetting and depressurization, and then deposited; part of the carbon dioxide extraction fluid containing coffee components Flow into the first extraction material collection tank 2, reduce the pressure to quickly recover the gas characteristics of the carbon dioxide extraction fluid and recycle, and deposit coffee components; the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure> 26 MPa flows into the first gas storage tank for secondary extraction; the pressure is 16 MPa The carbon dioxide extraction fluid of ⁇ 26MPa flows into the second gas storage tank for three-stage extraction; the carbon dioxide extraction fluid of pressure ⁇ 16MPa is injected into the third extraction material collection tank 6 through the second ejector 7, and the coffee is depressurized by high-speed injection After the components are separated from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid, they are deposited, and the carbon dioxide extraction fluid restores the gas characteristics for recycling.
  • the high-pressure carbon dioxide extraction fluid (16 ⁇ 43MPa) extracts the coffee components in three cycles. After the extraction is completed, the Laval ejector sprays and reduces the pressure to separate the carbon dioxide from the coffee components. Large and high kinetic energy)
  • the powerful jet suction force makes the first extraction material collection tank 2 form a low pressure state (as low as 0.0MPa), the coffee component separation efficiency is high, and the operating cost is low.
  • the secondary separation also includes the following process: in the second extraction material collection tank 4, the caffeine and macromolecular coffee components are separated from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid after high-speed jetting and depressurization, and then deposited; part of the carbon dioxide extraction fluid containing coffee components Flows into the first extraction material collection tank 2, the carbon dioxide extraction fluid recovers the gas characteristics for recycling, and the coffee components are deposited; the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure> 16 MPa flows into the second gas storage tank for three extractions; the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure ⁇ 16 MPa is processed The second ejector 7 sprays into the third extraction material collection tank 6, and after high-speed injection and pressure reduction, the coffee components are separated from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid and deposited, and the carbon dioxide extraction fluid recovers its gas characteristics for recycling.
  • the coffee components are separated from the carbon dioxide fluid by jetting pressure reduction or heating to increase the temperature. Controlling the pressure and temperature can make the extracted caffeine and macromolecular coffee components crystallize
  • carbon dioxide fluids with different pressures enter different storage tanks for recovery for the next cycle extraction; the pressure and temperature of the carbon dioxide extraction fluid are adjusted and controlled to quickly separate and crystallize the caffeine components, which can effectively control the coffee in the coffee extract Because of the content, to make coffee products suitable for the needs of different coffee consumers.
  • the three-stage separation also includes the following process: In the second extraction material collection tank 4, the caffeine and macromolecular coffee components are separated from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid after high-speed jetting and pressure reduction, and then deposited, and part of the carbon dioxide extraction fluid containing coffee components Flows into the first extraction material collection tank 2, the carbon dioxide extraction fluid quickly recovers its gas characteristics for recycling, and coffee components are deposited; the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure of ⁇ 16MPa is injected into the third extraction material collection tank 6 through the second ejector 7 After high-speed jetting and depressurization, the small-molecule coffee components are separated from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid and deposited, and the carbon dioxide extraction fluid recovers its gas characteristics for recycling.
  • the diffusion pressure at the outlet of the second ejector 7 can be reduced to normal pressure.
  • the gas characteristics can be restored, so that the small molecule coffee components (fat-soluble aromas) and carbon dioxide gas can be quickly separated and deposited for convenience Produce decaffeinated coffee products with a sweet and elegant taste.
  • the high-pressure extraction fluid in the upper-stage extraction process is first used in the two-stage circulation extraction and the third-stage circulation extraction, and the pressure energy of the previous-stage extraction fluid is fully utilized, saving production costs for the enterprise.
  • coffee material 11 cooked coffee beans or coffee powder
  • a food-grade carbon dioxide extraction fluid with fluid characteristics is pumped into extraction tank 1 after cooling down to force out the air in the tank ,
  • the carbon dioxide cooling tank 5 and the pressurizing pump 8 the first cycle extraction pressure in the extraction tank 1 reaches 37MPa or more, and the extraction time is 17 minutes.
  • the quality is dense and the fiber is strong.
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid After being soaked in a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction fluid> 37MPa for 17 minutes, the carbon dioxide extraction fluid penetrates the coffee bean cell wall and enters the fiber cytoplasm, and the fat-soluble coffee components are extracted into the carbon dioxide extraction fluid; after the primary cycle extraction is completed , The carbon dioxide extraction fluid containing coffee components is injected into the second extraction material collecting tank 4 through the first ejector (Laval ejector) 3, the injection pressure difference is >10MPa, and the caffeine and macromolecular coffee components are reduced by high-speed injection Separated and deposited with the carbon dioxide extraction fluid.
  • the first ejector Laval ejector
  • the high pressure (>16MPa) of the extraction fluid in the device 3 makes the first extraction material collection tank 2 form a low pressure state (as low as 0.0MPa), accelerates the recovery of the gas characteristics of the carbon dioxide extraction fluid, and quickly separates the macromolecular coffee components from the carbon dioxide gas.
  • the carbon dioxide gas is ejected and sucked into the second extraction material collection tank 4 for recycling), and the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure> 26MPa enters the first gas storage tank through the first gas return port 402 and corresponding valves and pipes for second use.
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure of 16MPa ⁇ 26MPa enters the second gas storage tank through the first gas return port 402 and corresponding valves and pipes for three-stage circulation extraction, and the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure of ⁇ 8MPa passes through the second injection
  • the device (Laval ejector) 7 sprays and brings it into the third extraction material collection tank 6, and the spray pressure difference is> 0.3MPa.
  • the small molecule coffee components fat-soluble aromatic substances
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid is depressurized or heated to recover its gas characteristics and is recycled through the second gas return port 602 until the extraction pressure of the extraction tank 1 drops to 8 MPa, and the first-stage cyclic extraction and separation process ends.
  • the extraction pressure of the second cycle is above 27 MPa, and the extraction time is 20 minutes. Most of the fat-soluble coffee components are extracted.
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid containing coffee components is injected into the second extraction material collecting tank 4 through the first ejector (Laval ejector) 3, the injection pressure difference is >10MPa, and the pressure is reduced by high-speed injection.
  • the caffeine and macromolecular coffee components are separated and deposited with the carbon dioxide extraction fluid; part of the unseparated macromolecular coffee components and the carbon dioxide extraction fluid enter the first extraction material collection tank 2 through the extraction fluid return outlet 403 and the extraction fluid return inlet 202.
  • the ejection and suction makes the first extraction material collection tank 2 form a low pressure state (as low as 0.0MPa), which speeds up the recovery of the gas characteristics of the carbon dioxide extraction fluid, and the macromolecular coffee
  • the components and carbon dioxide gas are quickly separated and precipitated.
  • the carbon dioxide gas is taken away by jet suction and enters the second extraction material collection tank 4 for recycling); the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure> 16MPa passes through the first gas return port 402 and corresponding valves and pipes Enter the second gas storage tank for the third cycle extraction.
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with pressure ⁇ 8MPa is sprayed into the third extraction material collection tank 6 by the second ejector (Laval ejector) 7, and the spray pressure difference is> 0.3 MPa
  • the small-molecule coffee components fat-soluble aromatic substances
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid is depressurized or heated to recover its gas characteristics, and is recycled through the second gas return port 602 until extraction
  • the extraction pressure of tank 1 is reduced to 8 MPa, and the secondary circulation extraction and separation process is ended.
  • the extraction pressure of the third cycle is above 16MPa, and the extraction time is 26min.
  • the fat-soluble coffee components are fully extracted.
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid containing coffee components passes through the first ejector (Laval ejector) 3 Spray into the second extraction material collection tank 4, the spray pressure difference is >3MPa, after the high-speed spray depressurization, the caffeine and macromolecular coffee components are separated and deposited with the carbon dioxide extraction fluid, and part of the unseparated macromolecular coffee components are extracted with carbon dioxide.
  • the fluid enters the first extraction material collection tank 2 through the extraction fluid return outlet 403 and the extraction fluid return inlet 202 for pressure reduction and separation (because the high pressure (>3MPa) of the extraction fluid in the first ejector 3) jet suction makes the first extraction material collection tank 2
  • the low pressure state (as low as 0.0MPa) is formed in the carbon dioxide extraction fluid to accelerate the recovery of the gas characteristics of the carbon dioxide extraction fluid.
  • the macromolecular coffee components and carbon dioxide gas are quickly separated and precipitated.
  • the carbon dioxide gas is sprayed and sucked away and enters the second extraction material collection tank 4 for recycling );
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with pressure ⁇ 0.1MPa is injected into the third extraction material collecting tank 6 through the second ejector (Laval ejector) 7, the injection pressure difference>0.05MPa, until the extraction pressure of the extraction tank 1 drops to At normal pressure, after high-speed injection and depressurization, the small-molecule coffee components (fat-soluble aromatic substances) are separated and deposited from the carbon dioxide extraction fluid.
  • the carbon dioxide extraction fluid is depressurized or heated to recover its gas characteristics and is recycled through the second gas return port 602. After the extraction is completed, the coffee material is discharged from the coffee material outlet 102, and the caffeine and coffee components are discharged through the first extraction material outlet 203, the second extraction material outlet 404, and the third extraction material outlet 601, respectively.
  • Embodiment 1 This embodiment is the same as Embodiment 1 except for the following technical features.
  • a coffee component extraction and separation process adopts the above-mentioned coffee component extraction and separation system to separate coffee components, and the coffee component extraction and separation process steps are as follows:
  • One-stage cyclic extraction add coffee material 11 (cooked coffee beans or coffee powder) into extraction tank 1, continuously pass low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid into extraction tank 1, and pressurize it to extraction pressure of 40MPa by pressurizing pump 8. Extraction time 25min;
  • Two-stage circulation extraction first pass the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure of> 26 MPa in the first gas storage tank into the extraction tank 1, and then continuously supply the extraction tank 1 with the low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid, and add it through the pressurizing pump 8. Press to the extraction pressure of 35 MPa, and the extraction time is 30 minutes;
  • Three-stage cyclic extraction first pass the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure> 16MPa in the second gas storage tank into the extraction tank 1, and continue to supply the extraction tank 1 with the low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid, and add it through the pressurized pump 8. Press to extraction pressure 15 MPa, extraction time 32min;
  • Embodiment 1 This embodiment is the same as Embodiment 1 except for the following technical features.
  • One-stage cyclic extraction add coffee material 11 (cooked coffee beans or coffee powder) into extraction tank 1, continuously pass low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid into extraction tank 1, and pressurize it to extraction pressure of 38MPa by pressurizing pump 8. Extraction time 22min;
  • Two-stage circulation extraction first pass the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure of> 26 MPa in the first gas storage tank into the extraction tank 1, and then continuously supply the extraction tank 1 with the low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid, and add it through the pressurizing pump 8. Press to extraction pressure 28MPa, extraction time 28min;
  • Three-stage cyclic extraction first pass the carbon dioxide extraction fluid with a pressure> 16MPa in the second gas storage tank into the extraction tank 1, and continue to supply the extraction tank 1 with the low-temperature carbon dioxide extraction fluid, and add it through the pressurized pump 8. Press to extraction pressure 9MPa, extraction time 35min;

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Abstract

本发明涉及咖啡产品加工技术领域，公开了一种咖啡组分萃取分离系统，包括萃取罐、第一喷射器、第二喷射器、第一萃取物料收集罐、第二萃取物料收集罐、第三萃取物料收集罐和二氧化碳冷却罐。本发明还公开了一种咖啡组分萃取分离工艺，采用食品级二氧化碳超临界流体循环萃取咖啡物料中的脂溶性物质、咖啡因等咖啡组分。其有益效果在于：利用高压二氧化碳流体分子对低压二氧化碳气体分子的抽吸力特性，以高压萃取流体压力能（>8MPa）作动力进行喷射抽吸，无需外加动力使萃取物料收集罐形成低压状态（低至0.0MPa），降压或加热升温后咖啡因等咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离结晶析出，咖啡组分沉积收集，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用。

Description

一种咖啡组分萃取分离系统及工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及咖啡产品加工技术领域，具体涉及一种咖啡组分萃取分离系统及工艺。
 背景技术
咖啡营养丰富，具有特殊的功效成分，在人类利用咖啡的一千多年历程中，人们不断探索研究咖啡组分及利用开发，咖啡研究者已在咖啡熟豆中分离出近九百种化合物，咖啡研究人员在已有实验基础上推测咖啡熟豆应包含一千二百种以上的化合物。目前咖啡的利用主要是通过水作萃取液萃取咖啡营养成分，大量实验证明咖啡水溶性物质仅占咖啡熟豆豆重的30%，随着人们对咖啡消费的快速增长，咖啡馆制作咖啡饮品的过程中、将咖啡熟豆中70%以上的水不溶物质（包含脂溶性物质）丢弃，咖啡豆利用率低，造成城市环境污染；咖啡中的酸甜苦咸滋味物质互扬互抑，咖啡师为满足不同消费人群的口味需求，突出某些咖啡风味，咖啡萃取率控制在18〜22%，造成更多的咖啡渣污染物（包含脂溶性物质和部分水溶性物质）。为改进咖啡品饮习惯和消费方式，提高咖啡营养物质的利用率，研究开发先进的咖啡萃取设备和技术是咖啡产业发展进步的需求。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是为了克服以上现有技术存在的不足，提供了一种提高咖啡豆利用率的咖啡组分萃取分离系统。本发明还提供了一种高效节能、提高咖啡豆利用率的咖啡组分萃取分离工艺。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的通过以下的技术方案实现：一种咖啡组分萃取分离系统，包括萃取罐、第一萃取物料收集罐、第一喷射器、第二萃取物料收集罐和二氧化碳冷却罐；
所述萃取罐具有咖啡物料进口、咖啡物料出口、冷流体进口、冷流体回流口和第一喷射口；所述第一萃取物料收集罐具有第二喷射口、萃取流体回流进口和第一萃取物料出口；所述第二萃取物料收集罐具有喷射流体进口、第一气体回流口、萃取流体回流出口和第二萃取物料出口；
所述二氧化碳冷却罐的出料口通过加压泵与萃取罐的冷流体进口连通，所述萃取罐的冷流体回流口与二氧化碳冷却罐的进料口连通；所述第一萃取物料收集罐的第二喷射口与第二萃取物料收集罐的喷射流体进口连通，所述第一喷射器安装于第一萃取物料收集罐中，所述萃取罐的第一喷射口与第一喷射器的进料端连通，所述第一喷射器的喷射端经第二喷射口与第二萃取物料收集罐的内腔连通，所述第二萃取物料收集罐的萃取流体回流出口与第一萃取物料收集罐的萃取流体回流进口连通，所述第二萃取物料收集罐的第一气体回流口与萃取罐的冷流体进口连通。
进一步地，还包括第三萃取物料收集罐和第二喷射器；所述第三萃取物料收集罐具有第三萃取物料出口和第二气体回流口；所述第二萃取物料收集罐还具有第三喷射口，所述第三喷射口与第二喷射器的进料端连通，所述第二喷射器的喷射端与第三萃取物料收集罐的内腔连通，所述第二气体回流口与二氧化碳冷却罐的进料口连通。
进一步地，所述第三萃取物料出口和第二气体回流口处安装有阀门，所述第二萃取物料收集罐的第三喷射口处安装有阀门。
进一步地，还包括第一气体储罐和第二气体储罐；所述第一气体储罐的进口端和第二气体储罐的进口端均通过管道与第一气体回流口连通，所述第一气体储罐的出口端和第二气体储罐的出口端均通过管道与萃取罐的冷流体进口连通。
进一步地，所述萃取罐、第一萃取物料收集罐和第二萃取物料收集罐均具有安全阀。
进一步地，所述二氧化碳冷却罐中安装有冷却管，所述第二萃取物料收集罐中安装有加热管。
进一步地，所述萃取罐的咖啡物料进口处、咖啡物料出口处、冷流体进口处、冷流体回流口处和第一喷射口处均安装有阀门；所述第一萃取物料收集罐的萃取流体回流进口处和第一萃取物料出口处均安装有阀门，所述第二萃取物料收集罐的第一气体回流口处、萃取流体回流出口处和第二萃取物料出口处均安装有阀门。
一种咖啡组分萃取分离工艺，采用上述的咖啡组分萃取分离系统分离咖啡组分，所述咖啡组分萃取分离工艺步骤如下：
S1、一级循环萃取：将咖啡物料加入萃取罐中，向萃取罐中持续通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵加压至萃取压力37~43MPa，萃取时间17~27min；
S2、一级分离：一级萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器和第二喷射器分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐和第三萃取物料收集罐，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用；
S3、二级循环萃取：向萃取罐中持续通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵加压至萃取压力27~36 MPa，萃取时间20~37min；
S4、二级分离：二级循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器和第二喷射器分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐和第三萃取物料收集罐，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用；
S5、三级循环萃取：向萃取罐中持续通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵加压至萃取压力8~16 MPa，萃取时间26~37min；
S6、三级分离：三级循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器和第二喷射器分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐和第三萃取物料收集罐，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用，咖啡物料经咖啡物料出口排出，咖啡因及咖啡组分分别经第一萃取物料出口、第二萃取物料出口和第三萃取物料出口排出。
进一步地，所述一级分离还包括如下步骤：第二萃取物料收集罐中，经高速喷射降压后咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积；部分含有咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第一萃取物料收集罐中，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用，咖啡组分沉积；压力＞26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第一气体储罐供二级萃取使用；压力在16MPa〜26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第二气体储罐中供三级萃取使用；压力≤16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器喷射进入第三萃取物料收集罐中，经高速喷射降压后小分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用。
进一步地，所述二级分离还包括如下步骤：第二萃取物料收集罐中，经高速喷射降压后咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积；部分含有咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第一萃取物料收集罐中，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用，咖啡组分沉积；压力＞16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第二气体储罐供三次萃取使用；压力≤16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器喷射进入第三萃取物料收集罐中，经高速喷射降压后小分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用。
进一步地，所述三级分离还包括如下步骤：第二萃取物料收集罐中，经高速喷射降压后咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积，部分含有咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第一萃取物料收集罐中，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用，咖啡组分沉积；压力≤16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器喷射进入第三萃取物料收集罐中，经高速喷射降压后小分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用。
 有益效果
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下优点：
1、本发明的咖啡组分萃取分离系统中，通过设置有萃取罐、二氧化碳冷却罐和在萃取过程中循环利用低温二氧化碳萃取流体，为企业节约成本；分离阶段采用第一喷射器和第二喷射器对含有咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体进行喷射降压，压力较高的二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用其压力能，压力较低的二氧化碳萃取流体经降压或升温后恢复气体特性，从而与咖啡因及咖啡组分自动分离，极大地减少人工工作量，降低生产成本、提高生产效率。本系统由电脑程序控制运行，易维护保养、易操作。
2、自人类发现咖啡，利用咖啡营养物质以来，一直采用水溶解的方法萃取咖啡组分，水溶性咖啡组分仅占咖啡豆重的30%，目前饮用咖啡方式对咖啡营养物质利用率低、废弃物造成城市环境污染；利用超临界二氧化碳萃取流体萃取脂溶性咖啡组分可以使咖啡营养物质的利用率提高17%以上，脂溶性咖啡组分的萃取分离有效促进咖啡组分的研究和开发利用。本系统在萃取过程中充分利用二氧化碳的萃取压力能，经拉瓦尔喷射器喷射降压分离咖啡组分，将咖啡萃取物分成滋味香醇厚重（咖啡因含量高）的大分子组分和滋味香甜淡雅（咖啡因含量低）的小分子组分，方便对咖啡组分的研究及不同风味咖啡产品的研究开发，尤其在天然低咖啡因咖啡产品开发上有创造性进步。
3、超临界二氧化碳萃取流体对脂溶性咖啡组分萃取率高，调节萃取压力可以分别对咖啡熟豆及咖啡粉的组分快速萃取，萃取完成后只需降低压力或加热升温使二氧化碳恢复气体特性即可分离出咖啡组分，萃取过程中未添加水和任何化学物质，不改变咖啡物料的其他化学特性，可以对各种咖啡物料快速萃取咖啡组分、萃取过程高效和环保。
4、本咖啡组分萃取分离工艺中调节控制超临界二氧化碳萃取流体萃取咖啡组分的工艺压力或温度，可以有选择性地萃取咖啡物料中的咖啡因，萃取过程中未添加水和任何化学物质，有效减少咖啡物料原有风味成分流失，与现有的欧洲处理法EP（European Process）和瑞士水处理法SWP（Swiss Water Process）制作低咖啡因咖啡产品相比效率高、绿色环保，所制作的低咖啡因咖啡产品品质高、风味丰富。
5、本咖啡组分萃取分离工艺中采用三次不同萃取二氧化碳萃取流体压力循环萃取咖啡组分，萃取完成后从高压到低压分段喷射降压使二氧化碳萃取流体与咖啡组分分离，充分利用高压二氧化碳萃取流体（密度高和动能大）对低压二氧化碳气体（密度低和动能小）的喷射抽吸力，使萃取物料收集罐形成低压状态（低至0.0MPa），低压状态下二氧化碳萃取流体与咖啡组分快速分离，咖啡组分萃取分离效率高、节能环保。
6、超临界二氧化碳萃取流体高压（>37MPa）萃取脂溶性咖啡组分后，咖啡豆纤维细胞出现空隙或被撕裂，使水溶性咖啡组分更容易溶出，尤其是有效促进未经过咖啡豆烘焙一爆的咖啡熟豆溶出咖啡组分，极大推进咖啡豆纤维的改性研究和利用。
 附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的咖啡组分萃取分离系统的结构示意图。
图中，1为萃取罐；101为咖啡物料进口；102为咖啡物料出口；103为冷流体进口；104为冷流体回流口；105为第一喷射口；2为第一萃取物料收集罐；201为第二喷射口；202为萃取流体回流进口；203为第一萃取物料出口；3为第一喷射器；4为第二萃取物料收集罐；401为喷射流体进口；402为第一气体回流口；403为萃取流体回流出口；404为第二萃取物料出口；405为加热管；406为第三喷射口；5为二氧化碳冷却罐；501为进料口；502为出料口；503为冷却管；6为第三萃取物料收集罐；601为第三萃取物料出口；602为第二气体回流口；7为第二喷射器；8为加压泵；9为安全阀；10为阀门；11为咖啡物料；12为一级萃取物料；13为二级萃取物料；14为三级萃取物料。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：
如图1所示的咖啡组分萃取分离系统，包括萃取罐1、第一萃取物料收集罐2、第一喷射器3、第二萃取物料收集罐4和二氧化碳冷却罐5；
所述萃取罐1具有咖啡物料进口101、咖啡物料出口102、冷流体进口103、冷流体回流口104和第一喷射口105；所述第一萃取物料收集罐2具有第二喷射口201、萃取流体回流进口202和第一萃取物料出口203；所述第二萃取物料收集罐4具有喷射流体进口401、第一气体回流口402、萃取流体回流出口403和第二萃取物料出口404；
所述二氧化碳冷却罐5的出料口502通过加压泵8与萃取罐1的冷流体进口103连通，所述萃取罐1的冷流体回流口104与二氧化碳冷却罐5的进料口501连通；所述第一萃取物料收集罐2的第二喷射口201与第二萃取物料收集罐4的喷射流体进口401连通，所述第一喷射器3安装于第一萃取物料收集罐2中，所述萃取罐1的第一喷射口105与第一喷射器3的进料端连通，所述第一喷射器3的喷射端经第二喷射口201与第二萃取物料收集罐4的内腔连通，所述第二萃取物料收集罐2的萃取流体回流出口403与第一萃取物料收集罐2的萃取流体回流进口202连通，所述第二萃取物料收集罐4的第一气体回流口402通过阀门及管道分别与第一气体储罐和第二气体储罐连通，第一气体储罐和第二气体储罐分别通过阀门及管道经加压泵8与萃取罐1的冷流体进口103连通。设置第一气体储罐和第二气体储罐可利用二氧化碳萃取流体的压力能，循环利用二氧化碳萃取流体，为企业节约生产成本。
还包括第三萃取物料收集罐6和第二喷射器7；所述第三萃取物料收集罐6具有第三萃取物料出口601和第二气体回流口602；所述第二萃取物料收集罐4还具有第三喷射口406，所述第三喷射口406与第二喷射器7的进料端连通，所述第二喷射器7的喷射端与第三萃取物料收集罐6的内腔连通，所述第二气体回流口602通过阀门及管道与二氧化碳回收罐连通，二氧化碳回收罐通过阀门及管道与二氧化碳冷却罐5的进料口501连通。其中，第一喷射器3和第二喷射器7均为拉瓦尔喷射器。通过设置二氧化碳回收罐回收第三萃取物料收集罐6中恢复气体特性的二氧化碳，气态二氧化碳进入二氧化碳冷却罐5中冷却为低温流体后，再次进入萃取罐1中循环萃取咖啡物料。图1中虽未画出第一气体储罐、第二气体储罐和二氧化碳回收罐，但不影响上述说明已将第一气体储罐、第二气体储罐和二氧化碳回收罐相对应的连接关系解释清楚。
其中，咖啡物料进口101、冷流体回流口104均设置在萃取罐1的上部，咖啡物料出口102、冷流体进口103和第一喷射口105均设置在萃取罐的下部。此设置便于操作，提高萃取效率。第一萃取物料出口203和萃取流体回流进口202均设置在第一萃取物料收集罐2的下部，且萃取流体回流进口202高于第一萃取物料出口203，有利二氧化碳流体恢复气体特性后咖啡组分直接经第一萃取物料出口203排出，第二喷射口201正对与第一喷射器3的喷射端和第二萃取物料收集罐4的喷射流体进口401，第二喷射口201设置在第一萃取物料收集罐2的中上部。第二萃取物料出口404和萃取流体回流出口403均设置在第二萃取物料收集罐4的下部，且萃取流体回流出口403高于第二萃取物料出口404。第一气体回流口402和第二气体回流口602分别设置在第二萃取物料收集罐4的上部和第三萃取物料收集罐6的上部。第三萃取物料出口601设置在第三萃取物料收集罐6的下部。根据空气动力学原理，第二喷射器7的安装位置高于第二喷射器3，有利于大分子咖啡组分与小分子咖啡组分分离。
萃取罐1的作用：所述萃取罐1通过管道与二氧化碳冷却罐5（内置冷却管503）、加压泵8连接。咖啡物料（咖啡熟豆或咖啡粉）通过咖啡物料进口101加入至萃取罐1中，食品级二氧化碳由二氧化碳冷却罐5的进料口501进入二氧化碳冷却罐5冷却降温变成流体状态，经加压泵8泵入萃取罐1，再经二氧化碳冷流体回流口104和二氧化碳冷却罐5及加压泵8循环流动加压至工艺设定萃取咖啡组分压力37〜43MPa，萃取完成后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体经第一喷射器3喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐4中进入下一工序流程。利用本萃取罐1与二氧化碳冷却罐5相结合，低温的二氧化碳萃取流体循环萃取，工艺流程简单、适用范围广，通过调节控制萃取工艺压力可以对咖啡熟豆或咖啡粉所含咖啡组分进行高效萃取，萃取完成后咖啡物料由咖啡物料出口102排出。
第一萃取物料收集罐2的作用：在萃取罐1完成萃取后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体经第一喷射口105及第一喷射器3喷射进入第二萃取物料收集罐4，喷射压差>10MPa，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，部分未分离的大分子咖啡组分（脂溶性物质）与二氧化碳混合流体经萃取流体回流出口403、萃取流体回流进口202进入第一萃取物料收集罐2中降压分离，萃取流体高压（>16MPa）喷射抽吸使第一萃取物料收集罐2内形成低压状态（低至0.0MPa），加快二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性，大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳气体快速分离沉淀，二氧化碳气体被喷射抽吸带走，三次循环萃取分离完成后，沉积在第一萃取物料收集罐2中的咖啡组分由第一萃取物料出口203排出。高压二氧化碳萃取流体（>16MPa）经第一喷射器3高速喷射降压，喷射出的二氧化碳萃取流体分子动能大，对气态二氧化碳具有极高的抽吸特性，罐内低压状态（低至0.0MPa）下与咖啡组分分离的二氧化碳气体被快速抽吸带入第二萃取物料收集罐4中回收利用。
第二萃取物料收集罐4的作用：高压二氧化碳萃取流体（>8MPa）经第一喷射器3高速喷射进入第二萃取物料收集罐4，调节控制喷射压差或加热二氧化碳萃取流体使咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳分离结晶析出，部分未分离的大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体经萃取流体回流出口403进入第一萃取物料收集罐2降压分离，萃取完成后，含有大分子咖啡组分（脂溶性物质）和咖啡因的混合流体经第二萃取物料出口404排出；循环萃取中，压力＞26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第一气体回流口402及对应的阀门和管道进入第一气体储罐，供第二级循环萃取使用；压力16MPa〜26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第一气体回流口402及对应的阀门和管道进入第二气体储罐，供第三级循环萃取用；压力＜16MPa含有小分子咖啡组分（脂溶性芳香物质）的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器7喷射带入第三萃取物料收集罐6中降压分离。
第三萃取物料收集罐6的作用：包含小分子咖啡组分（脂溶性芳香物质）的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器7喷射进入第三萃取物料收集罐6中，调节控制喷射压差或加热二氧化碳萃取流体，使咖啡组分与二氧化碳气体完全分离、恢复气体特性的二氧化碳经第二气体回流口602回收再利用；第三萃取物料收集罐6的罐内压力可以调节控制至低压状态（接近常压状态），使得小分子咖啡组分（脂溶性芳香物质）与二氧化碳气体完全分离沉淀，萃取完成后，小分子咖啡组分（脂溶性芳香物质）由第三萃取物料出口601排出。
还包括第一气体储罐和第二气体储罐及对应的阀门和管道；所述第一气体储罐的进口端和第二气体储罐的进口端均通过管道及阀门与第一气体回流口402连通，所述第一气体储罐的出口端和第二气体储罐的出口端均通过管道及阀门与萃取罐1的冷流体进口103连通。通过设置第一气体储罐和第二气体储罐，可将不同压力的二氧化碳萃取流体分别回收利用，充分利用二氧化碳萃取流体的压力能为企业节约生产成本。
所述萃取罐1、第一萃取物料收集罐2和第二萃取物料收集罐4均具有安全阀9。通过设置安全阀9，保证罐体中压力可控，提高工厂生产中的安全性。
所述二氧化碳冷却罐5中安装有冷却管503，所述第二萃取物料收集罐4中安装有加热管405。冷却管503用于为二氧化碳气体降温，使其成为低温二氧化碳流体。设置加热管405，可使二氧化碳萃取流体升温，快速恢复气体特性。
所述萃取罐1的咖啡物料进口101处、咖啡物料出口102处、冷流体进口103处、冷流体回流口104处和第一喷射口105处均安装有阀门10；所述第一萃取物料收集罐2的萃取流体回流进口202处和第一萃取物料出口203处均安装有阀门10，所述第二萃取物料收集罐4的第一气体回流口402处、萃取流体回流出口403处和第二萃取物料出口404处均安装有阀门10。所述第三萃取物料出口601和第二气体回流口602处安装有阀门10，所述第二萃取物料收集罐4的第三喷射口406处安装有阀门10。通过设置阀门，可控制萃取、分离及物料进出进程。
本咖啡组分萃取分离系统，通过设置第一喷射器3和第二喷射器7，利用高压二氧化碳流体分子（动能大）对低压二氧化碳气体分子（动能小）的抽吸力特性，以高压萃取流体压力能（>8MPa）作动力进行喷射抽吸，无需外加动力使第一萃取物料收集罐2形成低压状态（低至0.0MPa），降压或加热升温后咖啡因等咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离结晶析出，咖啡组分沉积收集，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用。
一种咖啡组分萃取分离工艺，采用上述的咖啡组分萃取分离系统分离咖啡组分，所述咖啡组分萃取分离工艺步骤如下：
S1、一级循环萃取：将咖啡物料11（咖啡熟豆或咖啡粉）加入萃取罐1中，向萃取罐1中持续通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵8加压至萃取压力37~43MPa，萃取时间17~27min；
S2、一级分离：一级萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器3和第二喷射器7分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐4和第三萃取物料收集罐6，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用；
S3、二级循环萃取：先将第一气体储罐中压力＞26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体通入萃取罐1中，再向萃取罐1中持续补充通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵8加压至萃取压力27~36 MPa，萃取时间20~37min；
S4、二级分离：二级循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器3和第二喷射器7分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐4和第三萃取物料收集罐6，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用；
S5、三级循环萃取：先将第二气体储罐中压力＞16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体通入萃取罐1中，在向萃取罐1中持续补充通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵8加压至萃取压力8~16 MPa，萃取时间26~37min；
S6、三级分离：三级循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器3和第二喷射器7分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐4和第三萃取物料收集罐6，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用，咖啡物料经咖啡物料出口102排出，咖啡因及咖啡组分分别经第一萃取物料出口203、第二萃取物料出口404和第三萃取物料出口601排出。
所述一级分离还包括如下过程：第二萃取物料收集罐4中，经高速喷射降压后咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积；部分含有咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第一萃取物料收集罐2中，降压使二氧化碳萃取流体快速恢复气体特性回收利用，咖啡组分沉积；压力＞26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第一气体储罐供二级萃取使用；压力在16MPa〜26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第二气体储罐中供三级萃取使用；压力＜16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器7喷射进入第三萃取物料收集罐6中，经高速喷射降压后咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用。高压二氧化碳萃取流体（16〜43MPa）分三次循环萃取咖啡组分，萃取完成后经拉瓦尔喷射器喷射降压使二氧化碳与咖啡组分分离、二氧化碳流体动能分压力段循环利用，高压二氧化碳流体（密度大和动能高）强大喷射抽吸力使第一萃取物料收集罐2内形成低压状态（低至0.0MPa），咖啡组分分离效率高、运行成本低。
所述二级分离还包括如下过程：第二萃取物料收集罐4中，经高速喷射降压后咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积；部分含有咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第一萃取物料收集罐2中，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用，咖啡组分沉积；压力＞16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第二气体储罐供三次萃取使用；压力≤16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器7喷射进入第三萃取物料收集罐6中，经高速喷射降压后咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用。含有咖啡组分的二氧化碳流体进入第二萃取物料收集罐4后，经喷射降压或加热升温使咖啡组分与二氧化碳流体分离，控制压力和温度可以使萃取的咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分结晶沉积，不同压力的二氧化碳流体分别进入不同的储罐回收，供下一次循环萃取用；调节控制二氧化碳萃取流体的压力和温度使咖啡因组分快速分离结晶析出，可以有效控制咖啡萃取物中的咖啡因含量、以制作适合不同咖啡消费者需求的咖啡产品。
所述三级分离还包括如下过程：第二萃取物料收集罐4中，经高速喷射降压后咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积，部分含有咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第一萃取物料收集罐2中，二氧化碳萃取流体快速恢复气体特性回收利用，咖啡组分沉积；压力≤16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器7喷射进入第三萃取物料收集罐6中，经高速喷射降压后小分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用。三级分离后第二喷射器7喷射出口扩散压力可以降至常压，二氧化碳萃取流体降压后恢复气体特性，使小分子咖啡组分（脂溶性芳香物）与二氧化碳气体快速分离沉积，以方便制作滋味香甜淡雅的低咖啡因咖啡产品。
二级循环萃取和三级循环萃取中首先采用上一级萃取过程中的高压萃取流体，充分利用上一级萃取流体的压力能，为企业节约生产成本。
具体实施时：咖啡物料11（咖啡熟豆或咖啡粉）通过咖啡物料进口101加入至萃取罐1，经降温至具有流体特性的食品级的二氧化碳萃取流体泵入萃取罐1，逼出罐内空气，通过萃取罐1、二氧化碳冷却罐5和加压泵8循环流动加压使萃取罐1内达到第一次循环萃取压力37MPa以上，萃取时间17min，未经过咖啡豆烘焙一爆的咖啡熟豆豆质致密、纤维强度大，经＞37MPa超临界二氧化碳萃取流体浸泡17min后，二氧化碳萃取流体穿透咖啡豆细胞壁进入纤维细胞质，脂溶性咖啡组分被萃取进入二氧化碳萃取流体中；一级循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体经第一喷射器（拉瓦尔喷射器）3喷射进入第二萃取物料收集罐4，喷射压差>10MPa，经高速喷射降压后咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，部分未分离的大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体经萃取流体回流出口403、萃取流体回流进口202进入第一萃取物料收集罐2中降压分离（因第一喷射器3中萃取流体高压（>16MPa）喷射抽吸使第一萃取物料收集罐2内形成低压状态（低至0.0MPa），加快二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性，大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳气体快速分离沉淀，二氧化碳气体被喷射抽吸带走进入第二萃取物料收集罐4回收利用），压力＞26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第一气体回流口402及对应的阀门和管道进入第一气体储罐供二级循环萃取使用，压力16MPa〜26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第一气体回流口402及对应的阀门和管道进入第二气体储罐供三级循环萃取使用，压力≥8MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器（拉瓦尔喷射器）7喷射带入第三萃取物料收集罐6，喷射压差>0.3MPa，经高速喷射降压后小分子咖啡组分（脂溶性芳香物质）与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体降压或被加热升温后恢复气体特性经第二气体回流口602回收利用，直至萃取罐1的萃取压力降至8MPa，结束一级循环萃取分离流程。
第二次循环萃取压力为27MPa以上，萃取时间20min，脂溶性咖啡组分大部分被萃取。第二次循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体经第一喷射器（拉瓦尔喷射器）3喷射进入第二萃取物料收集罐4，喷射压差>10MPa，经高速喷射降压后咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积；部分未分离的大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体经萃取流体回流出口403、萃取流体回流进口202进入第一萃取物料收集罐2中降压分离（因第一喷射器3中萃取流体高压（＞16MPa）喷射抽吸使第一萃取物料收集罐2内形成低压状态（低至0.0MPa），加快二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性，大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳气体快速分离沉淀，二氧化碳气体被喷射抽吸带走，进入第二萃取物料收集罐4回收利用）；压力＞16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第一气体回流口402及对应的阀门和管道进入第二气体储罐供第三次循环萃取用，压力≥8MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器（拉瓦尔喷射器）7喷射带入第三萃取物料收集罐6，喷射压差>0.3MPa，经高速喷射降压后小分子咖啡组分（脂溶性芳香物质）与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体降压或被加热升温后恢复气体特性经第二气体回流口602回收利用，直至萃取罐1的萃取压力降至8MPa，结束二级循环萃取分离流程。
第三次循环萃取压力为16MPa以上，萃取时间26min，脂溶性咖啡组分被充分萃取，第三次循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体经第一喷射器（拉瓦尔喷射器）3喷射进入第二萃取物料收集罐4，喷射压差>3MPa，经高速喷射降压后咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，部分未分离的大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体经萃取流体回流出口403、萃取流体回流进口202进入第一萃取物料收集罐2中降压分离（因第一喷射器3中萃取流体高压（>3MPa）喷射抽吸使第一萃取物料收集罐2内形成低压状态（低至0.0MPa），加快二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性，大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳气体快速分离沉淀，二氧化碳气体被喷射抽吸带走进入第二萃取物料收集罐4回收利用）；压力≥0.1MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体再经第二喷射器（拉瓦尔喷射器）7喷射进入第三萃取物料收集罐6中，喷射压差>0.05MPa，直至萃取罐1的萃取压力降至常压，经高速喷射降压后小分子咖啡组分（脂溶性芳香物质）与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体降压或被加热升温后恢复气体特性经第二气体回流口602回收利用，萃取完成后咖啡物料由咖啡物料出口102排出，咖啡因及咖啡组分分别经第一萃取物料出口203、第二萃取物料出口404和第三萃取物料出口601排出。
实施例2：
本实施例除以下技术特征外，其余均与实施例1相同。
一种咖啡组分萃取分离工艺，采用上述的咖啡组分萃取分离系统分离咖啡组分，所述咖啡组分萃取分离工艺步骤如下：
S1、一级循环萃取：将咖啡物料11（咖啡熟豆或咖啡粉）加入萃取罐1中，向萃取罐1中持续通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵8加压至萃取压力40MPa，萃取时间25min；
S2、一级分离：一级萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器3和第二喷射器7分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐4和第三萃取物料收集罐6，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用；
S3、二级循环萃取：先将第一气体储罐中压力＞26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体通入萃取罐1中，再向萃取罐1中持续补充通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵8加压至萃取压力35 MPa，萃取时间30min；
S4、二级分离：二级循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器3和第二喷射器7分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐4和第三萃取物料收集罐6，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用；
S5、三级循环萃取：先将第二气体储罐中压力＞16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体通入萃取罐1中，在向萃取罐1中持续补充通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵8加压至萃取压力15 MPa，萃取时间32min；
S6、三级分离：三级循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器3和第二喷射器7分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐4和第三萃取物料收集罐6，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用，咖啡物料经咖啡物料出口102排出，咖啡因及咖啡组分分别经第一萃取物料出口203、第二萃取物料出口404和第三萃取物料出口601排出。
实施例3：
本实施例除以下技术特征外，其余均与实施例1相同。
S1、一级循环萃取：将咖啡物料11（咖啡熟豆或咖啡粉）加入萃取罐1中，向萃取罐1中持续通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵8加压至萃取压力38MPa，萃取时间22min；
S2、一级分离：一级萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器3和第二喷射器7分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐4和第三萃取物料收集罐6，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用；
S3、二级循环萃取：先将第一气体储罐中压力＞26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体通入萃取罐1中，再向萃取罐1中持续补充通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵8加压至萃取压力28MPa，萃取时间28min；
S4、二级分离：二级循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器3和第二喷射器7分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐4和第三萃取物料收集罐6，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用；
S5、三级循环萃取：先将第二气体储罐中压力＞16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体通入萃取罐1中，在向萃取罐1中持续补充通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵8加压至萃取压力9MPa，萃取时间35min；
S6、三级分离：三级循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器3和第二喷射器7分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐4和第三萃取物料收集罐6，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用，咖啡物料经咖啡物料出口102排出，咖啡因及咖啡组分分别经第一萃取物料出口203、第二萃取物料出口404和第三萃取物料出口601排出。
上述具体实施方式为本发明的优选实施例，并不能对本发明进行限定，其他的任何未背离本发明的技术方案而所做的改变或其它等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 、一种咖啡组分萃取分离系统，其特征在于：包括萃取罐、第一萃取物料收集罐、第一喷射器、第二萃取物料收集罐和二氧化碳冷却罐；
    所述萃取罐具有咖啡物料进口、咖啡物料出口、冷流体进口、冷流体回流口和第一喷射口；所述第一萃取物料收集罐具有第二喷射口、萃取流体回流进口和第一萃取物料出口；所述第二萃取物料收集罐具有喷射流体进口、第一气体回流口、萃取流体回流出口和第二萃取物料出口；
    所述二氧化碳冷却罐的出料口通过加压泵与萃取罐的冷流体进口连通，所述萃取罐的冷流体回流口与二氧化碳冷却罐的进料口连通；所述第一萃取物料收集罐的第二喷射口与第二萃取物料收集罐的喷射流体进口连通，所述第一喷射器安装于第一萃取物料收集罐中，所述萃取罐的第一喷射口与第一喷射器的进料端连通，所述第一喷射器的喷射端经第二喷射口与第二萃取物料收集罐的内腔连通，所述第二萃取物料收集罐的萃取流体回流出口与第一萃取物料收集罐的萃取流体回流进口连通，所述第二萃取物料收集罐的第一气体回流口与萃取罐的冷流体进口连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的咖啡组分萃取分离系统，其特征在于：还包括第三萃取物料收集罐和第二喷射器；所述第三萃取物料收集罐具有第三萃取物料出口和第二气体回流口；所述第二萃取物料收集罐还具有第三喷射口，所述第三喷射口与第二喷射器的进料端连通，所述第二喷射器的喷射端与第三萃取物料收集罐的内腔连通，所述第二气体回流口与二氧化碳冷却罐的进料口连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的咖啡组分萃取分离系统，其特征在于：还包括第一气体储罐和第二气体储罐；所述第一气体储罐的进口端和第二气体储罐的进口端均通过管道与第一气体回流口连通，所述第一气体储罐的出口端和第二气体储罐的出口端均通过管道与萃取罐的冷流体进口连通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的咖啡组分萃取分离系统，其特征在于：所述萃取罐、第一萃取物料收集罐和第二萃取物料收集罐均具有安全阀。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的咖啡组分萃取分离系统，其特征在于：所述二氧化碳冷却罐中安装有冷却管，所述第二萃取物料收集罐中安装有加热管。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的咖啡组分萃取分离系统，其特征在于：所述萃取罐的咖啡物料进口处、咖啡物料出口处、冷流体进口处、冷流体回流口处和第一喷射口处均安装有阀门；所述第一萃取物料收集罐的萃取流体回流进口处和第一萃取物料出口处均安装有阀门，所述第二萃取物料收集罐的第一气体回流口处、萃取流体回流出口处和第二萃取物料出口处均安装有阀门。
  7. 一种咖啡组分萃取分离工艺，其特征在于：采用权利要求1~6中任一项所述的咖啡组分萃取分离系统分离咖啡组分，所述咖啡组分萃取分离工艺步骤如下：
    S1、一级循环萃取：将咖啡物料加入萃取罐中，向萃取罐中持续通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵加压至萃取压力37~43MPa，萃取时间17~27min；
    S2、一级分离：一级萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器和第二喷射器分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐和第三萃取物料收集罐，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用；
    S3、二级循环萃取：向萃取罐中持续通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵加压至萃取压力27~36 MPa，萃取时间20~37min；
    S4、二级分离：二级循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器和第二喷射器分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐和第三萃取物料收集罐，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用；
    S5、三级循环萃取：向萃取罐中持续通入低温二氧化碳萃取流体，通过加压泵加压至萃取压力8~16 MPa，萃取时间26~37min；
    S6、三级分离：三级循环萃取结束后，包含咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体依次经第一喷射器和第二喷射器分别喷射至第二萃取物料收集罐和第三萃取物料收集罐，经高速喷射降压后，咖啡因及咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体回收利用，咖啡物料经咖啡物料出口排出，咖啡因及咖啡组分分别经第一萃取物料出口、第二萃取物料出口和第三萃取物料出口排出。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的咖啡组分萃取分离工艺，其特征在于：所述一级分离还包括如下步骤：第二萃取物料收集罐中，经高速喷射降压后咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积；部分含有咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第一萃取物料收集罐中，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用，咖啡组分沉积；压力＞26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第一气体储罐供二级萃取使用；压力在16MPa〜26MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第二气体储罐中供三级萃取使用；压力≤16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器喷射进入第三萃取物料收集罐中，经高速喷射降压后小分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的咖啡组分萃取分离工艺，其特征在于：所述二级分离还包括如下步骤：第二萃取物料收集罐中，经高速喷射降压后咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积；部分含有咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第一萃取物料收集罐中，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用，咖啡组分沉积；压力＞16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第二气体储罐供三次萃取使用；压力≤16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器喷射进入第三萃取物料收集罐中，经高速喷射降压后小分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的咖啡组分萃取分离工艺，其特征在于：所述三级分离还包括如下步骤：第二萃取物料收集罐中，经高速喷射降压后咖啡因及大分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积，部分含有咖啡组分的二氧化碳萃取流体流入第一萃取物料收集罐中，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用，咖啡组分沉积；压力≤16MPa的二氧化碳萃取流体经第二喷射器喷射进入第三萃取物料收集罐中，经高速喷射降压后小分子咖啡组分与二氧化碳萃取流体分离后沉积，二氧化碳萃取流体恢复气体特性回收利用。
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