WO2021208318A1 - 一种电动汽车电机用耐atf油、耐电晕漆包线及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种电动汽车电机用耐atf油、耐电晕漆包线及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021208318A1
WO2021208318A1 PCT/CN2020/111021 CN2020111021W WO2021208318A1 WO 2021208318 A1 WO2021208318 A1 WO 2021208318A1 CN 2020111021 W CN2020111021 W CN 2020111021W WO 2021208318 A1 WO2021208318 A1 WO 2021208318A1
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corona
resistant
oil
enameled wire
coating
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PCT/CN2020/111021
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English (en)
French (fr)
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徐伟红
夏宇
周成
李果
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苏州巨峰电气绝缘系统股份有限公司
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Priority to US17/802,087 priority Critical patent/US20230079070A1/en
Publication of WO2021208318A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021208318A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H01B7/0225—Three or more layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/2813—Protection against damage caused by electrical, chemical or water tree deterioration
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
    • C09D5/022—Emulsions, e.g. oil in water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
    • C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
    • C09D5/028—Pigments; Filters
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    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/20—Diluents or solvents
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    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/45—Anti-settling agents
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    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
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    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
    • C09D7/67—Particle size smaller than 100 nm
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    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/80—Processes for incorporating ingredients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/065—Insulating conductors with lacquers or enamels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/16—Insulating conductors or cables by passing through or dipping in a liquid bath; by spraying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/305—Polyamides or polyesteramides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/2806—Protection against damage caused by corrosion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/36—Silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
    • C08K5/3415—Five-membered rings
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    • C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
    • C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of insulating materials, and specifically relates to an ATF oil-resistant, corona-resistant enameled wire for electric vehicle motors and a preparation method thereof, in particular to an ATF oil-resistant, corona-resistant enameled wire and a preparation method thereof, which are mainly applied to oil cooling Preparation of scattered winding coils for electric vehicle motors.
  • Electric vehicle motor cooling methods are divided into two types: water-cooled and oil-cooled.
  • the oil-cooled type uses transmission oil (ATF oil) for cooling.
  • ATF oil transmission oil
  • the insulating material is in direct contact with the ATF oil. Due to poor oil resistance, some insulating materials have been subjected to ATF oil corrosion for a long time, and their performance is significantly reduced. It affects the operating life and reliability of the motor.
  • the corona-resistant enameled wire is the main insulation material of the motor, and its performance plays a decisive role in the service life of the motor.
  • the corona-resistant enameled wire used in electric vehicle motors on the market is mainly 200-level corona-resistant polyesterimide/polyamideimide composite enameled wire. After testing, its resistance to ATF oil is poor, and it is used in the field of oil-cooled electric vehicle motors. The application is gradually restricted. Japan’s technology is relatively advanced. It has developed and prepared corona-resistant polyamide-imide single-coated enameled wire, which has good ATF oil resistance.
  • CN105219233B discloses a corona-resistant enameled wire paint and a preparation method thereof.
  • the preparation method mainly includes adding an inorganic oxide raw material in an organic solution, dispersing, and then grinding to obtain an inorganic oxide pre-dispersion liquid, adding a coupling agent to the inorganic oxide pre-dispersion liquid to form a corona-resistant modifier, and then The corona-resistant modifier is stirred with the paint body to prepare the corona-resistant enameled wire paint.
  • the total solid content of the variable frequency resistant enameled wire paint for variable frequency motors prepared by this method is 41.97-43.8%, the viscosity is 320-358mps at 25°C, and the frequency resistant life of the coated variable frequency resistant enameled wire is 135-169h (test conditions: The temperature is 155°C ⁇ 2°C, the peak-to-peak voltage is 3kV, the pulse frequency is 20kHz, and the pulse rise time is 100ns).
  • the corona-resistant enameled wire paint prepared by the invention has high solid content, low viscosity, good corona resistance and long-term storage stability, can meet the room temperature wire coating process, is convenient to use, and has low cost.
  • CN106675401A discloses a corona-resistant enameled wire paint and a preparation method thereof.
  • the raw materials of this corona-resistant wire enameled paint mainly include nano silica, nano titanium dioxide, nano aluminum oxide, KH-560, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, sulfonated polyetheramine-hyperbranched polypyrrolidine copolymer , Deionized water and N-methylpyrrolidone.
  • the preparation method is to mix and stir all the raw materials, and obtain the corona-resistant enameled wire paint after discharging. Prepared into corona resistant electromagnetic wire for performance test. After 30 minutes of thermal shock at 220 °C, it is found that the performance of the sample is qualified.
  • the anti-spotting life is 255h, and under the breakdown voltage of 30kV, the anti-spotting is resistant The life span is 156h.
  • the raw materials used in this experiment have many components and the production process is complicated.
  • CN106543890B provides a method for preparing corona-resistant polyamideimide wire enamel by chemical nano-doping.
  • the preparation method mainly includes firstly polycondensing aluminum isopropoxide and methyl triethoxy silane to obtain nano silicon/aluminum oxide dispersion, then mixing N-methylpyrrolidone, trimellitic anhydride and formic acid, and then adding nano silicon/aluminum in sequence After the oxide dispersion, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, xylene, and benzyl alcohol are heated to cool down, the N-methylpyrrolidone and xylene mixed solvent are added to adjust the solid content, and then the high temperature curing catalyst is added to obtain Chemical nano-doped corona-resistant enameled wire paint.
  • the method of chemical nano-doping with an inorganic nano-doping amount of 20wt.% is used to prepare corona-resistant PAI enameled wire paint.
  • the corona-resistant life is 40h under the conditions of normal temperature, power frequency, and electric field strength of 60kV/mm. , It is more than 20 times of unmodified wire enamel.
  • the enameled wire paint prepared by this method has a short breakdown resistance life and a complicated preparation process, which is not suitable for large-scale industrial production.
  • the present invention provides an ATF oil-resistant and corona-resistant enameled wire for an electric vehicle motor and a preparation method thereof.
  • the prepared corona-resistant enameled wire has excellent corona-resistant life, and the raw materials are easily available, and the preparation cost is low.
  • An ATF oil-resistant and corona-resistant enameled wire for an electric vehicle motor comprising a copper conductor and an insulating layer.
  • the insulating layer is an oil-resistant corona-resistant protective coating and a corona-resistant polyamide-imide coating from the inside to the outside. Layer, oil and corona resistant protective coating, corona resistant polyamideimide coating, oil and corona resistant protective coating.
  • oil-resistant corona-resistant protective coating, corona-resistant polyamideimide coating, oil-resistant corona-resistant protective coating, corona-resistant polyamideimide coating, and oil-resistant corona-resistant protective coating Layer 5 coating thickness ratios are 5-12%, 30-45%, 5-12%, 30-45% and 5-12% respectively.
  • the thickness ratio of the 5 coatings is 5-8%, 35-40%, 6-9%, 38-40% and 8-10% respectively.
  • the corona-resistant polyamideimide coating is coated with a corona-resistant polyamideimide wire lacquer prepared by modification of nano-silica and/or aluminum oxide, wherein the lacquer
  • the preparation method is: adding 5-10% of the total mass of the polyamide-imide paint solution (solid content is 25-38%) of the nano powder into the polyamide-imide paint solution, in a homogeneous emulsifier Disperse homogeneously under 5000-8000r/min condition for 1-2h (use cooling water to cool down, control material temperature ⁇ 60°C); transfer the material to nano mill for grinding and disperse for 3-5h (use cooling water to cool down, control material temperature ⁇ 60 °C) to D50 ⁇ 100nm, high-pressure filtration through 3000 mesh filter bag to obtain corona-resistant polyamideimide wire enamel.
  • the nano-powder is nano-silica and/or aluminum oxide, wherein the average particle size of the nano-silica and aluminum oxide is 30-60 nm.
  • oil-resistant and corona-resistant protective coating is coated with nano-particle modified engineering plastic paint, wherein the preparation method of the paint is as follows:
  • step (2) Add the nano slurry obtained in step (1) to the engineering plastic solution, stir, and then grind to obtain material 1;
  • step (3) Add N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone to material 1 obtained in step (2) and stir to obtain nanoparticle modified engineering plastic paint.
  • the mass of N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone described in step (1) is 75-100 kg.
  • the mass of the dispersant described in step (1) is 3-5 kg.
  • the mass of the inorganic filler described in step (1) is 75-100 kg.
  • step (1) the addition of the inorganic filler described in step (1) is controlled to be completed within 20-30 minutes.
  • the mass ratio of N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone, dispersant and inorganic filler in step (1) is 18-30:1:20-28.
  • the dispersant described in step (1) is one or more of BYK110, BYK163 and KH560.
  • the inorganic filler described in step (1) is nano-silica and/or aluminum oxide.
  • the dispersing speed in step (1) is 2000-25000 r/min, and the time is 3-5 min.
  • the emulsification speed described in step (1) is 8000-9000 r/min, and the emulsification time is 2-3 h.
  • the cooling temperature in step (1) is below 50°C.
  • the solid content of the nano-slurry described in step (1) is controlled at 40-50%.
  • the mass of the nano slurry described in step (2) is 5-15 kg.
  • the preparation method of the engineering plastics solution described in step (2) is: adding a certain amount of engineering plastics to N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone (control the solid mass content to be 30-40%) and stir, wherein the engineering plastics
  • the mass ratio of plastic to N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone is 1:1.5-2.5, and the stirring speed is 500-1500r/min, and the mixture is stirred until it is uniformly dissolved to obtain an engineering plastic solution.
  • the engineering plastic described in step (2) is one or more of polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethersulfone, and polyetheretherketone.
  • the mass of the engineering plastic solution described in step (2) is 60-100 kg.
  • step (2) the stirring speed described in step (2) is 500-800 r/min, and the time is 1-1.5 h.
  • the grinded particle size D50 in step (2) is less than 100 nm.
  • the mass of the N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone described in step (3) is 12-35kg.
  • the stirring temperature in step (3) is 30-60° C., and the time is 1-2 h.
  • the solid content of the nano-particle modified engineering plastic paint described in step (3) is 25-35%.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the enameled wire, including the following steps:
  • S1 Copper conductor pay-off
  • S2 Annealing at 490°C/470°C (at 490°C at the inlet section and 470°C at the outlet section) for 20-150s
  • S3 Mold painting method
  • S4 Baking at 560-580°C 3-10min
  • S5 cooling, online pinhole monitoring
  • S6 automatic closing.
  • the ATF oil resistance of the enameled wire prepared by the present invention is obviously improved.
  • the performance index retention rate is above 80%.
  • the enameled wire prepared by the present invention has excellent corona resistance life. According to the national standard test, the corona resistance life of the second-class paint film of 0.8mm corona resistant enameled wire can be more than 100h.
  • the enameled wire prepared by the present invention has a good self-lubricating effect, can satisfy the stator winding with a high slot full rate, avoid friction damage of the enameled wire paint film, and has low preparation cost and easy availability of raw materials.
  • FIG 1 Structure diagram of enameled wire, in which 1-copper conductor; 2-oil-resistant corona-resistant protective coating; 3-corona-resistant polyamide-imide coating; 4-oil-resistant corona-resistant protective coating; 5-corona resistant Polyamide-imide coating; 6-oil and corona resistant protective coating.
  • This embodiment provides an ATF oil-resistant and corona-resistant enameled wire for an electric vehicle motor, which includes a copper conductor and an insulating layer.
  • Amide-imide coating, oil-resistant and corona-resistant protective coating, corona-resistant polyamide-imide coating, and oil and corona-resistant protective coating Prepared by the following steps:
  • polycrystalline paint molds are used to prepare ATF oil-resistant and corona-resistant enameled wires.
  • the copper wire annealing temperature is 490°C/470°C
  • the curing temperature of the drying tunnel is 580°C
  • the production line speed is 120-130m/min.
  • the wire gauge is 0.8mm
  • the secondary paint film is coated with oil-resistant corona-resistant protective coating, corona-resistant polyamide-imide coating, oil-resistant corona-resistant protective coating, and corona-resistant polyamide-imide coating in sequence Layer
  • oil-resistant and corona-resistant protective coating, 5 coating thickness ratios were 5%, 40%, 9%, 38% and 8%.
  • the preparation method of the corona-resistant polyamideimide coating is as follows: add 10.2kg of nano-SiO 2 (average particle size 45nm) to 150kg of polyamideimide paint solution (solid content of 31%), and homogenize Homogeneous dispersion under the condition of 5500r/min in the emulsifier for 2h (use cooling water to cool down, control the material temperature ⁇ 60°C); transfer the material to the nano grinder for grinding and dispersion for 3.5h (use cooling water to cool down, control the material temperature ⁇ 60°C) to D50 ⁇ 100nm, high-pressure filtration through 3000 mesh filter bag to obtain corona-resistant polyamide-imide enameled wire paint.
  • the preparation method of oil-resistant and corona-resistant protective coating paint is as follows:
  • the 35% solids polyethersulfone/N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone solution is prepared by adding 50kg of polyethersulfone to 93kg of N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone, and the stirring speed is 800r/ Under the condition of min, stir until it dissolves evenly, and obtain a 35% solid polyethersulfone/N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone solution.
  • This embodiment provides an ATF oil-resistant and corona-resistant enameled wire for an electric vehicle motor, which includes a copper conductor and an insulating layer.
  • Amide-imide coating, oil-resistant and corona-resistant protective coating, corona-resistant polyamide-imide coating, and oil and corona-resistant protective coating Prepared by the following steps:
  • polycrystalline material coating molds are used to prepare ATF oil-resistant and corona-resistant enameled wires.
  • the annealing temperature of copper wire is 490°C/470°C
  • the curing temperature of drying tunnel is 560°C
  • the production line speed is 120-130m/min.
  • the wire gauge is 0.8mm
  • the secondary paint film is coated with oil-resistant corona-resistant protective coating, corona-resistant polyamide-imide coating, oil-resistant corona-resistant protective coating, and corona-resistant polyamide-imide coating in sequence Layer, oil-resistant and corona-resistant protective coating, 5 coating thickness ratios were 7%, 35%, 8%, 40% and 10%.
  • the preparation method of the corona-resistant polyamideimide coating is as follows: add 6.5kg of nano-SiO 2 (average particle size 40nm) to 100kg of polyamideimide paint solution (solid content is 30%), and homogenize Homogeneous dispersion for 1.5h under the condition of 6000r/min in the emulsifier (use cooling water to cool down, control the temperature of the material ⁇ 60°C); transfer the material to the nano grinder for grinding and dispersion for 3.5h (use cooling water to cool down, and control the material temperature ⁇ 60°C) To D50 ⁇ 100nm, the corona-resistant polyamideimide enameled wire paint is obtained by high-pressure filtration through a 3000 mesh filter bag.
  • the preparation method of oil-resistant and corona-resistant protective coating paint is as follows:
  • the 35% solids polyphenylene sulfide/N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone solution is prepared by adding 75kg polyphenylene sulfide to 139.3kg N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone, in a disc mixer, the stirring speed Under the condition of 650r/min, stir to dissolve uniformly to obtain a 35% solid polyphenylene sulfide/N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone solution.
  • This embodiment provides an ATF oil-resistant and corona-resistant enameled wire for an electric vehicle motor, which includes a copper conductor and an insulating layer.
  • Amide-imide coating, oil-resistant and corona-resistant protective coating, corona-resistant polyamide-imide coating, and oil and corona-resistant protective coating Prepared by the following steps:
  • polycrystalline paint molds are used to prepare ATF oil-resistant and corona-resistant enameled wires.
  • the copper wire annealing temperature is 490°C/470°C
  • the curing temperature of the drying tunnel is 580°C
  • the production line speed is 120-130m/min.
  • the wire gauge is 0.8mm
  • the secondary paint film is coated with oil-resistant corona-resistant protective coating, corona-resistant polyamide-imide coating, oil-resistant corona-resistant protective coating, and corona-resistant polyamide-imide coating in sequence Layer
  • oil-resistant and corona-resistant protective coating, 5 coating thickness ratios are 8%, 38%, 6%, 39% and 9% respectively.
  • the preparation method of the corona-resistant polyamideimide coating is as follows: add 9.72kg of nano-SiO 2 (average particle size of 50nm) to 135kg of polyamideimide paint solution (solid content of 30%), and homogenize Homogeneous dispersion for 2h under the condition of 6300r/min in the emulsifier (use cooling water to cool down, control the temperature of the material ⁇ 60°C); transfer the material to the nano mill for grinding and dispersion for 3.5h (use cooling water to cool down, control the temperature of the material ⁇ 60°C) to D50 ⁇ 100nm, high-pressure filtration through 3000 mesh filter bag to obtain corona-resistant polyamide-imide enameled wire paint.
  • the preparation method of oil-resistant and corona-resistant protective coating paint is as follows:
  • the 35% solids polyethersulfone/N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone solution is prepared by adding 80kg polyethersulfone to 148.6kg N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone, in a disc mixer, the stirring speed is 650r Under the condition of /min, stir until it dissolves uniformly to obtain a 35% solid polyethersulfone/N,N-dimethylpyrrolidone solution.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the thickness ratio of 5 coatings is 8%, 30%, 12%, 45%, and 5%, respectively.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the thickness ratio of 5 coatings is 12%, 45%, 5%, 30%, and 8%, respectively.
  • the copper wire annealing temperature is 490°C/470°C
  • the curing temperature of the drying tunnel is 580°C
  • the production line speed is 120-130m/min.
  • the wire gauge is 0.8mm
  • the secondary paint film is coated with a single corona-resistant polyamide-imide coating (made of imported corona-resistant single-coating polyamide-imide paint).
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the thickness ratio of 5 coatings is 16%, 49%, 3%, 28%, and 4%, respectively.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the thickness ratio of 5 coatings is 3%, 23%, 14%, 47%, and 13%, respectively.
  • the ATF oil resistance test method is: put the test sample and ATF oil in a sealed tube separately, soak all the samples in ATF oil, and carry out an 8-cycle high and low temperature cycle test.
  • the temperature cycle scheme is: heating from 25°C to 155°C, keeping it at 155°C for 40h, then directly switching to -45°C, keeping it for 8h, and then switching to 155°C as a cycle. Perform the 8-cycle test according to the above cycle, and finally return to 25 °C, carry out relevant performance tests.
  • the temperature rise and fall rate from 25°C to 155°C was about 2°C/min.
  • 155°C and -45°C were directly switched by temperature impulse, and the switching time was 5-10min.
  • corona resistance life test test on high frequency pulse test, square wave waveform, temperature 155°C, frequency 20kHz, pulse time 100ns, voltage 3000V.
  • the static friction coefficient is 0.045
  • the corona resistance life test performance is 109:36h:min
  • the breakdown voltage is 10.82kV
  • the corona resistance life is 59:12h:min. It can be seen that the performance of the ATF oil resistance test is worse than that of the examples. Comparative examples 3-4 are 5 coating, but the thickness ratio is outside the scope of protection of the application, the test performance can be found that the comprehensive performance is worse than the embodiment, especially in the ATF oil resistance performance test, the various performance tests are worse than the embodiment.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种电动汽车电机用耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线及其制备方法，属于绝缘材料领域。其中耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线，包括铜导体与绝缘层，而绝缘层由内到外依次为耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层。本发明的耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线具有应用工艺性好、耐电晕性能优异、耐ATF油，制造成本低等优势，适用于油冷型电动汽车电机散绕组线圈的制备。

Description

一种电动汽车电机用耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线及其制备方法
本申请要求了申请日为2020年04月14日，申请号为202010290488.1的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于绝缘材料领域，具体涉及一种电动汽车电机用耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线及其制备方法，尤其是一种耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线及其制备方法，主要应用于油冷型电动汽车电机散绕组线圈的制备。
背景技术
电动汽车电机冷却方式分为水冷型和油冷型两种方式。其中油冷型是使用变速箱油(ATF油)进行冷却的，在使用过程中，绝缘材料与ATF油直接接触，部分绝缘材料由于耐油性较差，长期经受ATF油腐蚀，性能明显下降，严重影响了电机运行寿命及运行的可靠性。
耐电晕漆包线作为电机的主要绝缘材料，其性能对电机的使用寿命等起到决定性作用。目前市场上电动汽车电机使用的耐电晕漆包线主要为200级耐电晕聚酯亚胺/聚酰胺酰亚胺复合漆包线，经过试验其耐ATF油性能较差，在油冷型电动汽车电机领域的应用逐步受到限制。日本技术相对领先，研发制备出耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺单涂层漆包线，其耐ATF油性能良好，在国际上油冷型电机领域有着广泛应用，但其技术垄断，所用的耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺单涂层漆包线价格昂贵，使得耐电晕漆包线制造成本很高，且其耐ATF油试验后，漆膜附着力、耐电晕寿命性能下降也超过80％，性能也需要进一步提升、优化。
CN105219233B公开了一种耐电晕漆包线漆及其制备方法。其制备方法主要包括在有机溶液中加入无机氧化物原料，分散，然后进行研磨，得到无机氧化物预分散液，向无机氧化物预分散液中添加偶联剂形成耐电晕改性剂，然后耐电晕改性剂与漆料本体搅拌制得耐电晕漆包线漆。此方法制备的变频电机用耐变频漆包线漆的总固体含量为41.97-43.8％，在25℃下粘度为320-358mps，所涂制的耐变频漆包线的耐变频寿命为135-169h(测试条件：温度155℃±2℃，峰-峰值电压3kV，脉冲频率20kHz，脉冲上升时间100ns)。本发明制得的耐电晕漆包线漆的固含量高、粘度低、耐电晕性和长期储藏稳定性好，能够满足常温涂线工艺，使用方便，成本低。
CN106675401A公开了一种耐电晕漆包线漆及其制备方法。这种耐电晕漆包线漆的原料主要包含纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、纳米三氧化二铝、KH-560、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磺 化聚醚胺-超支化聚吡咙共聚物、去离子水和N-甲基吡咯烷酮。其制备方法是将所有原料混合搅拌，出料后得到耐电晕漆包线漆。制备成耐电晕电磁线进行性能测试，在热冲220℃下30min，发现样品性能合格，在击穿电压为48kV下，耐点晕寿命为255h，在击穿电压为30kV下，耐点晕寿命为156h。但是该实验中使用的原料组分较多，制作工艺复杂。
CN106543890B提供了一种化学纳米掺杂制备耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺漆包线漆的方法。该制备方法主要包括先将异丙醇铝和甲基三乙氧基硅烷缩聚得到纳米硅/铝氧化物分散液，然后将N-甲基吡咯烷酮、偏苯三酸酐和甲酸混合后，依次加入纳米硅/铝氧化物分散液、4，4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二甲苯、苯甲醇加热降温后，最后加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮与二甲苯混合溶剂调节固体含量，再加入高温固化催化剂，即得到化学纳米掺杂耐电晕漆包线漆。试验测试制备样品的性能，无机纳米掺杂量为20wt.％的化学纳米掺杂的方法制备耐电晕PAI漆包线漆，常温、工频、电场强度60kV/mm的条件下耐电晕寿命为40h，为未改性漆包线漆的20倍以上。但是该方法制备的漆包线漆的耐击穿寿命较短，制备工艺较复杂，不适合大规模的工业化生产。
目前存在性能优异的耐电晕漆包线漆，虽然具有较好的耐电晕寿命和较大的存储稳定性，但是价格昂贵，成本高，不适合工业化生产。因此，亟需研制一种制作成本低、具有优异耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线来满足油冷型电动汽车电机的发展、应用技术需求。
发明内容
针对上述背景技术提出的不足，本发明提供一种电动汽车电机用耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线及其制备方法。制备的这种耐电晕漆包线具有优异的耐电晕寿命，而且原料易得，制备成本低。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种电动汽车电机用耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线，包括铜导体与绝缘层，所述的绝缘层由内到外依次为耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层。
进一步地，所述的耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层，5涂层厚度比例分别5-12％、30-45％、5-12％、30-45％和5-12％。
进一步优选地，所述的5涂层厚度比例分别5-8％、35-40％、6-9％、38-40％和8-10％。
进一步地，所述的耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层是由纳米二氧化硅和/或三氧化二铝改性制备的耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺漆包线漆涂覆而成，其中漆的制备方法为：将总质量为聚酰胺酰亚胺漆液(固含为25-38％)的5-10％的纳米粉体添加到聚酰胺酰亚胺漆液中，在均质乳化机5000-8000r/min条件下均质分散1-2h(使用冷却水降温，控制物料温度≤60℃)；转移物料至纳米研磨机中研磨分散3-5h(使用冷却水降温，控制物料温度≤60℃)至D50≤100nm，经3000目滤袋高压过滤得耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺漆包线漆。
进一步地，所述的纳米粉体为纳米二氧化硅和/或三氧化二铝，其中纳米二氧化硅、三氧化二铝的平均粒径为30-60nm。
进一步地，所述的耐油耐电晕防护涂层是由纳米粒子改性工程塑料漆涂覆而成，其中漆的制备方法如下：
(1)在N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮中添加分散剂进行分散，然后加入无机填料进行乳化，然后冷却，得到纳米浆料；
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的纳米浆料加入至工程塑料溶液中搅拌，然后研磨，得到物料1；
(3)向步骤(2)中得到的物料1中加入N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮，搅拌，即得纳米粒子改性工程塑料漆。
进一步地，步骤(1)中所述的N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮的质量为75-100kg。
进一步地，步骤(1)中所述的分散剂的质量为3-5kg。
进一步地，步骤(1)中所述的无机填料的质量为75-100kg。
进一步地，步骤(1)中所述的加入无机填料控制在20-30min内添加完。
进一步优选地，步骤(1)中所述的N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮、分散剂和无机填料的质量比为18-30∶1∶20-28。
进一步地，步骤(1)中所述的分散剂为BYK110、BYK163和KH560中的一种或多种。
进一步地，步骤(1)中所述的无机填料为纳米二氧化硅和/或三氧化二铝。
进一步地，步骤(1)中所述的分散的速度为2000-25000r/min，时间为3-5min。
进一步地，步骤(1)中所述的乳化的速度为8000-9000r/min，乳化时间为2-3h。
进一步地，步骤(1)中所述的冷却温度为50℃以下。
进一步地，步骤(1)中所述的纳米浆料的固体含量控制在40-50％。
进一步地，步骤(2)中所述的纳米浆料的质量为5-15kg。
进一步地，步骤(2)中所述的工程塑料溶液的制备方法为：将一定量工程塑料添加到 N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮中(控制固体质量含量为30-40％)搅拌，其中工程塑料与N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮的质量比为1∶1.5-2.5，搅拌速度为500-1500r/min条件下，搅拌至溶解均匀，得工程塑料溶液。
进一步地，步骤(2)中所述的工程塑料为聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、聚苯硫醚、聚醚砜和聚醚醚酮中的一种或多种。
进一步地，步骤(2)中所述的工程塑料溶液的质量为60-100kg。
进一步地，步骤(2)中所述的搅拌的速度为500-800r/min，时间为1-1.5h。
进一步地，步骤(2)中所述的研磨的粒度D50＜100nm。
进一步地，步骤(3)中所述的N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮的质量为12-35kg。
进一步地，步骤(3)中所述的搅拌的温度为30-60℃，时间为1-2h。
进一步地，步骤(3)中所述的纳米粒子改性工程塑料漆的固体含量为25-35％。
本发明还提供了上述漆包线的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：铜导体放线；S2：在490℃/470℃(进口一段490℃，出口位置二段470℃)下退火20-150s；S3：模具法涂漆；S4：在560-580℃下烘焙3-10min；S5：冷却、在线针孔监测；S6：自动收盘。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明制备的漆包线的耐ATF油性能明显提升，在ATF油中高、低温循环8周期试验，性能指标保持率在80％以上。
(2)本发明制备的漆包线的耐电晕寿命优异。按照国家标准测试，线规0.8mm二级漆膜耐电晕漆包线耐电晕寿命能＞100h。
(3)本发明制备的漆包线自润滑效果好，能够满足高槽满率定子下线，避免漆包线漆膜的摩擦损伤，而且制备成本低，原材料易得。
附图说明
图1漆包线结构图，其中1-铜导体；2-耐油耐电晕防护涂层；3-耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层；4-耐油耐电晕防护涂层；5-耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层；6-耐油耐电晕防护涂层。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的描述，其中实施例中使用的术语是为了描述特定的具体实施方案，不构成对本发明保护范围的限制。其中实施例 中使用的原料均为普通市售产品，因此不需要对其来源做具体限定。
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种电动汽车电机用耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线，包括铜导体与绝缘层，所述的绝缘层由内到外依次为耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层。通过以下步骤制备：
在卧式漆包线生产线上采用聚晶材质涂漆模具制备耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线，其中铜线退火温度490℃/470℃，烘道固化温度580℃，生产线速度120-130m/min。线规为0.8mm，二级漆膜，依次涂覆耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层，5涂层厚度比例分别5％、40％、9％、38％和8％。
其中耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层的制备方法如下：将10.2kg纳米SiO 2(平均粒径45nm)添加到150kg聚酰胺酰亚胺漆液(固含为31％)中，在均质乳化机5500r/min条件下均质分散2h(使用冷却水降温，控制物料温度≤60℃)；转移物料至纳米研磨机中研磨分散3.5h(使用冷却水降温，控制物料温度≤60℃)至D50≤100nm，经3000目滤袋高压过滤得耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺漆包线漆。
其中耐油耐电晕防护涂层漆制备方法如下：
(1)在100kg N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮中添加5kg BYK110分散剂，在均质乳化机中，速度调整为2000r/min，均质分散3min，继续搅拌开始逐步添加100kg平均粒径为45nm的纳米二氧化硅，控制在半小时内添加完，调整转速至8000r/min，均质乳化2-3h，物料使用冷水机进行冷却，控制物料温度在50℃以下，制备纳米浆料。
(2)将上述15kg纳米浆料添加到100kg 35％固含聚醚砜/N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中，在盘式搅拌机中，调整转速至500r/min高速搅拌分散1h，将物料移至高效纳米研磨机中，研磨分散至D50＜100nm，放料到搅拌桶中，添加30kgN，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮调整固体含量为29.18％，搅拌温度为40℃，时间为1.5h，即得耐电晕防护涂层漆。
其中，35％固含聚醚砜/N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮溶液的制备方法为将50kg聚醚砜添加到93kgN，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮中，在盘式搅拌机，搅拌速度为800r/min条件下，搅拌至溶解均匀，得35％固含聚醚砜/N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮溶液。
实施例2
本实施例提供的一种电动汽车电机用耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线，包括铜导体与绝缘层，所述的绝缘层由内到外依次为耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕 防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层。通过以下步骤制备：
在卧式漆包线生产线上采用聚晶材质涂漆模具制备耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线，其中铜线退火温度490℃/470℃，烘道固化温度560℃，生产线速度120-130m/min。线规为0.8mm，二级漆膜，依次涂覆耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层，5涂层厚度比例分别7％、35％、8％、40％和10％。
其中耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层的制备方法如下：将6.5kg纳米SiO 2(平均粒径40nm)添加到100kg聚酰胺酰亚胺漆液(固含为30％)中，在均质乳化机6000r/min条件下均质分散1.5h(使用冷却水降温，控制物料温度≤60℃)；转移物料至纳米研磨机中研磨分散3.5h(使用冷却水降温，控制物料温度≤60℃)至D50≤100nm，经3000目滤袋高压过滤得耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺漆包线漆。
其中耐油耐电晕防护涂层漆制备方法如下：
(1)在85kg N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮中添加3kg BYK163分散剂，在均质乳化机中，速度调整为2500r/min，均质分散5min，继续搅拌开始逐步添加75kg平均粒径为50nm的纳米二氧化硅，控制在半小时内添加完，调整转速至9000r/min，均质乳化3h，物料使用冷水机进行冷却，控制物料温度在50℃以下，制备纳米浆料。
(2)将上述10kg纳米浆料添加到60kg 35％固含聚苯硫醚/N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中，在盘式搅拌机中，调整转速至600r/min高速搅拌分散1.5h，将物料移至高效纳米研磨机中，研磨分散至D50＜100nm，放料到搅拌桶中，添加20gN，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮调整固体含量为28.45％，搅拌的温度为40℃，时间为2h，既得耐电晕防护涂层漆。
其中，35％固含聚苯硫醚/N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮溶液的制备方法为将75kg聚苯硫醚添加到139.3kgN，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮中，在盘式搅拌机，搅拌速度为650r/min条件下，搅拌至溶解均匀，得35％固含聚苯硫醚/N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮溶液。
实施例3
本实施例提供的一种电动汽车电机用耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线，包括铜导体与绝缘层，所述的绝缘层由内到外依次为耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层。通过以下步骤制备：
在卧式漆包线生产线上采用聚晶材质涂漆模具制备耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线，其中铜线退火温度490℃/470℃，烘道固化温度580℃，生产线速度120-130m/min。线规为0.8mm，二级漆膜，依次涂覆耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐 电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层，5涂层厚度比例分别8％、38％、6％、39％和9％。
其中耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层的制备方法如下：将9.72kg纳米SiO 2(平均粒径50nm)添加到135kg聚酰胺酰亚胺漆液(固含为30％)中，在均质乳化机6300r/min条件下均质分散2h(使用冷却水降温，控制物料温度≤60℃)；转移物料至纳米研磨机中研磨分散3.5h(使用冷却水降温，控制物料温度≤60℃)至D50≤100nm，经3000目滤袋高压过滤得耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺漆包线漆。
其中耐油耐电晕防护涂层漆制备方法如下：
(1)在75kg N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮中添加1kg KH560和2.2kg BYK163分散剂，在均质乳化机中，速度调整为2300r/min，均质分散5min，继续搅拌开始逐步添加62kg平均粒径为56nm的纳米二氧化硅和10kg平均粒径为50nm的纳米三氧化二铝，控制在半小时内添加完，调整转速至8500r/min，均质乳化2.5h，物料使用冷水机进行冷却，控制物料温度在50℃以下，制备纳米浆料。
(2)将上述5kg纳米浆料添加到35kg 32％固含聚醚砜/聚醚醚酮/N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中(聚醚砜/聚醚醚酮质量比为3∶1)，在盘式搅拌机中，调整转速至800r/min高速搅拌分散1.5h，将物料移至高效纳米研磨机中，研磨分散至D50＜100nm，放料到搅拌桶中，添加12gN，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮调整固体含量，既得耐电晕防护涂层漆。
其中，35％固含聚醚砜/N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮溶液的制备方法为将80kg聚醚砜添加到148.6kgN，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮中，在盘式搅拌机，搅拌速度为650r/min条件下，搅拌至溶解均匀，得35％固含聚醚砜/N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮溶液。
实施例4
与实施例1的区别在于，5涂层厚度比例分别8％、30％、12％、45％和5％。
其余原料用量及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
实施例5
与实施例1的区别在于，5涂层厚度比例分别12％、45％、5％、30％和8％。
其余原料用量及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例1
在卧式漆包线生产线上采用聚晶材质涂漆模具制备耐电晕漆包线，其中铜线退火温度490℃/470℃，烘道固化温度580℃，生产线速度120-130m/min。线规为0.8mm，二级漆膜，依次涂覆耐电晕聚酯亚胺涂层，聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层，2涂层厚度比例分别85％、15％(市场上常 规复合涂层耐电晕漆包线)。
对比例2
在卧式漆包线生产线上采用聚晶材质涂漆模具制备耐电晕漆包线，其中铜线退火温度490℃/470℃，烘道固化温度580℃，生产线速度120-130m/min。线规为0.8mm，二级漆膜，涂覆耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺单涂层(进口耐电晕单涂层聚酰胺酰亚胺漆涂制)。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别在于，5涂层厚度比例分别16％、49％、3％、28％和4％。
其余原料用量及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例4
与实施例1的区别在于，5涂层厚度比例分别3％、23％、14％、47％和13％。
其余原料用量及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
测试实验：
对实施例1-5及对比例1-4耐电晕漆包线各项性能进行测试，结果参见表1和表2。
1、耐ATF油试验方法为：将测试样品与ATF油分别置于密封管内，试样全部浸泡在ATF油中，进行8周期的高、低温循环试验。温度循环方案为：25℃升温到155℃，在155℃下保温40h再直接切换到-45℃，保持8h，再切换到155℃为一个周期，按照上述循环进行8周期试验，最后恢复到25℃，进行相关性能试验。实验开始时，由25℃加热至155℃升降温速率约为2℃/min，实验过程中155℃与-45℃采用温冲直接切换，切换时间5-10min。
2、耐电晕寿命测试条件为：在高频脉冲测试上进行测试，波形方波，温度155℃，频率20kHz，脉冲时间100ns，电压3000V。
表1：
Figure PCTCN2020111021-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020111021-appb-000002
表2：
Figure PCTCN2020111021-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2020111021-appb-000004
从表1可以看出，实施例1-5制备的耐电晕漆包线各项性能表现较优，静摩擦系数为0.025-0.033，在急拉断试验中实施例中的样品均未失去附着力，在弯曲试验中均为开裂，击穿电压为15.36-15.69kV，耐电晕寿命较优，在耐ATF油性能测试中，在急拉断试验、弯曲试验和耐电晕寿命等性能测试均表现优异，表2中对比例1为2涂层(市场上常规复合涂层耐电晕漆包线)，可以看到在耐ATF油性能测试中，急拉断试验中失去附着力，弯曲试验表现为开裂，击穿电压为5.53kV，耐电晕寿命为3∶18h∶min，综上可以看出对比例1的样品性能较差，对比例2使用的是二级漆膜，涂覆耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺单涂层(进口耐电晕单涂层聚酰胺酰亚胺漆涂制)，性能测试中可以看到静摩擦系数较大，为0.045，耐电晕寿命测试表现为109∶36h∶min，在耐ATF油性能测试中，击穿电压为10.82kV，耐电晕寿命为59∶12h∶min，可以看到在耐ATF油性能测试的性能较实施例较差，对比例3-4为5涂层，但是厚度比例在本申请保护范围之外，测试性能可以发现综合性能较实施例较差，尤其是在耐ATF油性能测试中，各项性能测试较实施例差。
以上对本发明做了详尽的描述，其目的在于让熟悉此领域技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并加以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围，且本发明不限于上述的实施例，凡根据本发明的精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 种电动汽车电机用耐ATF油、耐电晕漆包线，包括铜导体与绝缘层，其特征在于：所述的绝缘层由内到外依次为耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的漆包线，其特征在于：所述的耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层、耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层、耐油耐电晕防护涂层，5涂层厚度比例分别5-12％、30-45％、5-12％、30-45％和5-12％。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的漆包线，其特征在于：所述的5涂层厚度比例分别5-8％、35-40％、6-9％、38-40％和8-10％。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的漆包线，其特征在于：所述的耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺涂层是由纳米二氧化硅和/或三氧化二铝改性制备的耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺漆包线漆涂覆而成。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的漆包线，其特征在于：所述的纳米二氧化硅、三氧化二铝的平均粒径为40-60nm。
  6. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的漆包线，其特征在于：所述的耐油耐电晕防护涂层是由纳米粒子改性工程塑料漆涂覆而成，其中漆的制备方法如下：
    (1)在N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮中添加分散剂进行分散，然后加入无机填料进行乳化，然后冷却，得到纳米浆料；
    (2)将步骤(1)中得到的纳米浆料加入至工程塑料溶液中搅拌，然后研磨，得到物料1；
    (3)向步骤(2)中得到的物料1中加入N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮，搅拌，即得纳米粒子改性工程塑料漆。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的漆包线，其特征在于：步骤(1)中所述的N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮、分散剂和无机填料的质量比为18-30∶1∶20-28。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的漆包线，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述的工程塑料为聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、聚苯硫醚、聚醚砜和聚醚醚酮中的一种或多种。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的漆包线，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述的研磨的粒度D50＜100nm。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的漆包线的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    S1：铜导体放线；S2：在490℃/470℃(进口一段490℃，出口位置二段470℃)下退火20-150s；S3：模具法涂漆；S4：在560-580℃下烘焙3-10min；S5：冷却、在线针孔监测；S6：自动收盘。
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