WO2021203625A1 - 一种复合式支护结构、施工系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种复合式支护结构、施工系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021203625A1
WO2021203625A1 PCT/CN2020/115403 CN2020115403W WO2021203625A1 WO 2021203625 A1 WO2021203625 A1 WO 2021203625A1 CN 2020115403 W CN2020115403 W CN 2020115403W WO 2021203625 A1 WO2021203625 A1 WO 2021203625A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arc plate
roadway
ring
construction
arc
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/115403
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王军
高翔
范夕森
刘国辉
韩健勇
吴圣智
丁厚刚
Original Assignee
山东建筑大学
山东建筑大学工程鉴定加固研究院有限公司
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Application filed by 山东建筑大学, 山东建筑大学工程鉴定加固研究院有限公司 filed Critical 山东建筑大学
Priority to US17/634,065 priority Critical patent/US11739639B2/en
Publication of WO2021203625A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021203625A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
    • E21D11/083—Methods or devices for joining adjacent concrete segments
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/12—Temporary supports for use during building; Accessories
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/40—Devices or apparatus specially adapted for handling or placing units of linings or supporting units for tunnels or galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering support, in particular to a composite support structure, a construction system and a method.
  • coal is still the largest energy supply method in China. More than 80% of coal mines are mined by underground mining, and the mining depth is increasing at a rate of 8-12m/a per year. At present, nearly 50 mines have entered the ranks of kilometer mining. And more than half of China’s coal resources are stored below the depth of one kilometer. As the depth of coal mining continues to increase, more mines will enter kilometer mining. After mining at a depth of one thousand meters, the pressure on the surrounding rock of the roadway is increasing, and the stability of the existing support structure is getting worse and worse.
  • the traditional support structure (such as I-steel, U-shaped steel, bolt mesh and shotcrete, bolt injection, etc.) Due to insufficient load-bearing capacity, large deformations are prone to occur under the action of deep high stress, and long-term stability of deep roadways cannot be guaranteed. The roadways need to be repaired frequently, which leads to increased support costs and requires the development of higher support structures.
  • the tunneling and support processes are separated in the traditional support form.
  • the tunneling adopts a comprehensive tunneling machine
  • the temporary support adopts an anchor net
  • the permanent support adopts structural forms such as U-shaped steel brackets.
  • the anchor net support lags behind the fully mechanized excavator, and the empty roof distance is large, which is easy to induce the roof collapse, leading to more serious engineering accidents; permanent support is generally manual labor, low mechanization, slow construction speed, and high labor intensity of workers, resulting in roadway formation The speed is slow and the support cost increases. It is necessary to develop fast anchor net support technology to shorten the distance between empty roofs; at the same time, improve the degree of support mechanization and reduce the labor intensity of workers.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a composite supporting structure with strong bearing capacity and good supporting effect, which is suitable for supporting deep, high-stress and complex roadways.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a composite supporting structure, including a plurality of arc plate rings arranged in the longitudinal direction of the roadway.
  • the slab ring is formed by splicing multiple arc slabs
  • the concrete-filled steel tube ring is formed by splicing multiple steel pipes in sections, and the arc slab ring and the concrete-filled steel tube ring can jointly support the roadway wall.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a construction system for a composite supporting structure, including:
  • Roadheader used to excavate roadways
  • Bolt construction device including temporary support, which is connected with the first walking mechanism, the first walking mechanism can drive the temporary support to support the top surface of the roadway and advance along the longitudinal direction of the roadway, the temporary support is provided with an arch beam , The arch beam is connected with a movable structure, the movable mechanism is connected with the bolt drill, and the movable mechanism can drive the anchor drill to move along the arch beam to perform bolt construction on the roadway;
  • Arc plate construction device including a bearing platform, the bearing platform is connected with the second walking mechanism, the second walking mechanism can drive the bearing platform to advance along the longitudinal direction of the roadway, the front end of the bearing platform is connected with a rotating part through a telescopic part, and the rotating part is installed by telescoping
  • the arm is connected with the fixed part, the fixed part can be fixed with the arc plate, and the rotating part can drive the installation arm to rotate to install the arc plate;
  • Steel pipe construction device used for construction of steel pipe concrete ring.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a working method of a construction system of a composite supporting structure: including the simultaneous bolt construction process, arc plate construction process, and steel pipe construction process;
  • the bolt construction process method is: the roadheader and the bolter construction device advance synchronously, the roadheader excavates the tunnel face rock layer to form a roadway space, the roadheader stops at a set distance, and the anchor net is placed on the inner wall of the roadway.
  • a walking mechanism raises the temporary support to support the top surface of the roadway, and the moving mechanism drives the bolt drill to move along the arch beam to construct the bolts and complete the bolt-net support;
  • the method of the arc plate construction process is: the fixed part is fixed with the arc plate, the telescopic part expands and contracts, the rotating part drives the telescopic mounting arm to rotate to the set position, installs the telescopic arm to extend, and installs the arc plate in place, using the same method, from the bottom
  • the second traveling mechanism works, and the arc plate construction device advances to complete the installation of multiple arc plate rings in sequence;
  • the steel pipe construction device is located behind or in front of the arc slab construction device. After the arc plate ring is installed, install the steel tube concrete ring or the steel tube concrete ring before installing the arc plate ring;
  • the composite supporting structure of the present invention utilizes the steel tube concrete ring, arc plate ring and bolts to jointly support the roadway. Compared with the traditional single bolt or steel shed support, the supporting strength is obviously enhanced. It is suitable for the support of deep, high-stress and complex roadways.
  • the construction system and construction method of the present invention have an anchor rod construction device, an arc plate construction device and a steel pipe construction device that can advance along the roadway, and each construction device can work automatically to realize the anchor rod, arc plate and steel pipe construction device.
  • Automated construction reduces labor intensity and improves construction efficiency, and the bolt construction device, arc plate construction device and steel pipe construction device can be set up in the roadway in sequence, and each process is performed synchronously in parallel, realizing joint operation and greatly shortening Construction time.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the supporting structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the supporting structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a bottom view of the anchor rod construction device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the anchor rod construction device in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a side view of the anchor rod construction device in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a moving mechanism according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a front view of the arc plate construction device in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a side view of the arc plate construction device in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the load-bearing platform, the rotating part, the telescopic part, the carrying arm and the telescopic mounting arm of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the bearing platform and the fourth hydraulic cylinder according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second walking mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the telescopic truss and the carrying arm in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the construction state of the construction system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • this application proposes a composite Support structure.
  • a composite supporting structure includes a plurality of arc plate rings that can be arranged longitudinally along the roadway, and the arc plate ring 1 is composed of a plurality of arcs.
  • the plates are spliced, and along the hoop direction of the arc plate ring, a plurality of arc plate rings are fixedly connected by the hoop bolts 2, and in the longitudinal direction of the roadway, adjacent arc plate rings are fixed by the arc plate inserting ribs 3.
  • the inner side of the arc slab ring is provided with a steel tube concrete ring, which is embedded in the groove on the inner side of the arc slab ring, and the steel tube concrete ring 5 is formed by splicing multiple steel pipe sections.
  • the pipe 6 is spliced, and the concrete-filled steel tube ring is in contact with the inner surface of the arc plate ring, which can strengthen the bearing capacity of the arc plate ring and improve the bearing capacity of the entire supporting structure.
  • the reinforced concrete ring is arranged on the outer side of the arc slab ring. In this way, not only can the bearing capacity of the entire supporting structure be enhanced, but also provide for the construction of the arc slab. A stable space is obtained, especially for the unstressed maintenance of the concrete layer between the arc slab and the inner wall of the roadway.
  • This embodiment discloses a construction system of the composite supporting structure described in Embodiment 1, as shown in FIG. 3, which includes a roadheader, an anchor rod construction device, an arc plate construction device, and a steel pipe construction device.
  • the roadheader When constructing the supporting structure with the reinforced concrete ring on the inner side of the arc slab ring, the roadheader, the bolt construction device, the arc slab construction device and the steel pipe construction device are arranged in the roadway in sequence, and the construction is synchronized.
  • the roadheader is used to tunnel the roadway.
  • the anchor rod construction device is used to construct the anchor rod
  • the arc plate construction device constructs the arc plate ring on the part of the roadway where the anchor rod is constructed
  • the steel pipe construction device is used to construct the steel tube concrete ring on the inner side of the constructed arc plate ring.
  • the steel pipe construction device is located in front of the arc slab construction device, and the steel tube concrete ring is constructed first, and then the arc slab ring is constructed on the constructed steel tube concrete ring. Support.
  • the tunnel boring machine 7 may be an existing tunnel boring machine, which can excavate and cut the rock formation of the tunnel face to form a tunnel space, and its specific structure will not be described in detail here.
  • the bolt construction device includes temporary support, which is connected to the first walking mechanism, and the first walking mechanism can drive the temporary support to rise and fall, so that the temporary support can tighten the roadway. It can drive the temporary support to advance longitudinally along the roadway.
  • the temporary support includes a first support portion 8 and a second support portion 9.
  • the first support portion and the second support portion have the same structure, and both include five longitudinal beams 8-1.
  • the beam axis is arranged longitudinally along the roadway, and the distribution trajectory of the five longitudinal beams matches the shape of the roadway, and the five longitudinal beams can fit the top of the roadway.
  • the longitudinal beams of the first support part and the second support part are staggered.
  • longitudinal beams can be set according to the actual working conditions of the roadway.
  • the longitudinal beams can be steel plates or channel steels or I-beams. Those skilled in the art can use Actually need to choose.
  • the five longitudinal beams are all fixed by bolts to a plurality of transverse beams 8-2 arranged perpendicular thereto.
  • two transverse beams are provided, and the transverse beams of the first supporting part and the second supporting part are arranged alternately.
  • the first walking mechanism includes four first hydraulic cylinders 10 fixedly connected to the first supporting part, four second hydraulic cylinders 11 fixedly connected to the second supporting part, and arranged on the first supporting part and the first supporting part.
  • the two third hydraulic cylinders 12 between the two lateral beams that are close to each other in the two supporting parts, the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are arranged vertically, and the third hydraulic cylinder is arranged horizontally.
  • Both ends of the two transverse beams of the first support part are fixedly connected to the first hydraulic cylinder, and both ends of the two transverse beams of the second support part are fixedly connected to the second hydraulic cylinder.
  • Both ends of the third hydraulic cylinder are respectively fixedly connected with the two transverse beams of the first supporting part and the second supporting part.
  • the piston rods of the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are extended, which can tighten the longitudinal beam and the top surface of the roadway.
  • the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder contracts, and the third hydraulic cylinder extends, driving the first support
  • the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder extends again, causing the first hydraulic cylinder to press against the longitudinal beam again.
  • the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder contracts and the third hydraulic cylinder
  • the piston rod of the cylinder shrinks and drives the second support part forward.
  • the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder extends, and the second support part is tightened again to complete one-step walking.
  • the first walking mechanism can complete multiple walking.
  • the transverse beams connecting the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder of the first support part and the second support part are all connected to the arch frame 14 through the connecting frame 13.
  • the arch frame and the connecting frame are welded and fixed, and the connecting frame is fixed to the transverse beam.
  • the arch frame adopts arc-shaped I-beam, and its shape matches the shape of the roadway.
  • the arch can also be channel steel or square steel.
  • the arch frame is connected with a moving mechanism, which is connected with the bolter 15, and the moving mechanism can drive the anchor bolt to move along the arch frame.
  • the moving mechanism includes a first rack 16 fixed on the upper surface of the lower wing plate of the arch, the rack is meshed with two first gears 17, and the two first gears are respectively arranged on the arch. On both sides of the frame web, one of the first gears close to the transverse beam is connected to the output shaft of the first motor 18.
  • the motor housing of the first motor is also fixed with a connecting plate 19, which is connected to the other first gear Rotating connection, by providing two first gears, the balance of the first motor can be maintained, so that when the first motor drives the first gear to rotate, the first motor can move along the arch, and the connecting plate is connected with the bolter, The connecting plate can drive the bolting machine to move along the arch, and the bolting machine is used for construction of the bolts.
  • three bolting rigs are provided, and the moving mechanism shares a rack.
  • four or five or more bolting rigs can be provided, and the number is selected according to the actual working conditions. Can.
  • the first motor drives the first gear to rotate, the first gear can move along the first rack, and then the first motor can move along the arch, and then drive the bolter to move along the arch, so as to realize the bolter to move to the set position Carry out anchor construction.
  • baffle plates 20 The two ends of the arch frame are provided with baffle plates 20 to prevent the bolter from being separated from the arch frame.
  • the moving mechanism may be a trolley or other movable mechanism that can move along the arch, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the arc slab construction device includes a bearing platform 21, which adopts a triangular prism structure.
  • the bearing platform adopts a rectangular parallelepiped or cylindrical structure or other shapes.
  • the top surface of the load-bearing platform is fixedly connected with the piston rods of the two fourth hydraulic cylinders 22, the fourth hydraulic cylinder is arranged vertically, the top of the cylinder body of the fourth hydraulic cylinder is fixed with a connecting piece 23, and the fourth hydraulic cylinder can pass through the connecting piece. Connected with the second walking mechanism.
  • the second running mechanism includes a load-bearing beam 24, which is fixedly connected to the connecting piece, and the load-bearing beam includes two parallel channel steels 24-1, the two channel steel openings are arranged facing away from each other, and the two grooves The two ends of the steel are welded and fixed by the end steel plates 24-2, and the second rack is fixed on the lower surface of the upper flange of the channel steel.
  • the connecting piece 23 adopts a connecting block, and the connecting block is provided with a T-shaped groove, which can be clamped with the bearing beam, and is fixedly connected with the bearing beam by using a fastening bolt to realize a fixed connection between the bearing beam and the fourth hydraulic cylinder.
  • the load-bearing beam is alternately provided with three fixed grippers 25 and three mobile grippers 26. It is understandable that the number of fixed grippers and mobile grippers can be set to four or five or more, as long as the requirements are met. That's it.
  • the fixed gripper is connected with the first lifting member, the first lifting member adopts a fifth hydraulic cylinder 27, the fixed gripper is connected with the piston rod of the fifth hydraulic cylinder, and the cylinder body of the fifth hydraulic cylinder 27 is welded to
  • the fixed seat 40 fixed inside the load beam is fixedly connected, and the fifth hydraulic cylinder can drive the fixed gripper to rise and fall.
  • the movable gripper is connected with the second lifting member, the second lifting member adopts a sixth hydraulic cylinder, the movable gripper is fixedly connected with the piston rod of the sixth hydraulic cylinder 28, and the cylinder body of the sixth hydraulic cylinder is connected to the sliding
  • the plate 29 is fixedly connected, and the sliding plate is slidingly connected with the two channel steels of the load beam.
  • Both the fixed gripper and the mobile gripper adopt electromagnetic chuck, which can be adsorbed and fixed with the arc plate after being energized.
  • a second rack is provided on the lower surface of the upper flange of the channel steel 24-1 along its length.
  • the sliding plate is fixed with a gear shaft 30, and a second gear is rotatably connected to the gear shaft.
  • the rack is engaged, the sliding plate is connected with a propelling member arranged in the bearing beam, the propelling member adopts a propelling cylinder, the piston rod of the propelling cylinder is fixedly connected with the sliding plate, and the cylinder body of the propelling cylinder is fixedly connected with the bearing beam.
  • the moving gripper 26 relies on the propulsion cylinder in the load beam 24 to push forward.
  • the fixed gripper absorbs the fixed arc plate, the mobile gripper is powered off and leaves the arc plate under the action of the sixth hydraulic cylinder, and the propulsion cylinder in the load beam pushes the mobile gripper forward.
  • Six hydraulic cylinders drive the mobile gripper to rise, and the mobile gripper is energized and fixed by the arc plate.
  • the fixed gripper is powered off and leaves the arc plate under the action of the fifth hydraulic cylinder.
  • the propulsion cylinder in the load beam shrinks and drives the load beam forward.
  • the fifth hydraulic cylinder drives the fixed gripper to rise, and the fixed gripper is energized and fixed by the arc plate. Complete a walk. In this way, multiple walks can be completed and the bearing platform can move longitudinally along the roadway.
  • a telescopic member is arranged inside the bearing platform, and the telescopic member adopts a telescopic oil cylinder 31.
  • the telescopic oil cylinder is fixed inside the bearing platform, and its piston rod can extend to the outside of the front end of the bearing platform.
  • the rotary member is fixedly connected, and the rotary member adopts a rotary oil cylinder 32, and the telescopic oil cylinder can drive the linear movement of the rotary oil cylinder.
  • the telescopic member may be a linear motor or an electric push rod, and the rotating member may be a motor, etc., which can be set by those skilled in the art according to actual needs.
  • the rotating oil cylinder is also provided with three strengthening columns 33, and the bearing platform is provided with a strengthening groove 34 with the strengthening columns.
  • the strengthening columns can extend into the strengthening grooves to ensure that the telescopic oil cylinder only stretches and does not bear the load.
  • the output shaft of the rotating oil cylinder is connected with two load-bearing arms 35 arranged at an included angle and a machine head 36 located on one side of the load-bearing arm.
  • the rotating oil cylinder can drive the load-bearing arm and the machine head to rotate 360°.
  • the machine head is fixedly connected to one end of the telescopic mounting arm 37, and the other end of the telescopic mounting arm is equipped with a fixing member 38.
  • the telescopic mounting arm can use a hydraulic cylinder to achieve telescopic movement, or a linear motor or an electric push rod. , As long as it can output linear motion.
  • the fixing member adopts an electromagnetic chuck, which can be adsorbed and fixed with the arc plate after being energized.
  • One end of the load-bearing arm is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the rotating cylinder, and a telescopic truss 39 is connected between the other end and the fixed part.
  • Two telescopic trusses form an included angle at the connecting end of the fixing member and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the telescopic mounting arm.
  • the telescopic truss adopts a scissor structure and includes a plurality of scissor units connected in sequence, and the scissor unit It includes two middle hinged connecting rods, one of the two connecting rods of one scissor unit is hinged to the ends of two connecting rods of adjacent scissor units, one of the two connecting rods of the scissor unit connected with the carrying arm
  • One connecting rod is hinged with the carrying arm, and the other connecting rod is provided with a roller 42 at the end thereof, and the roller 42 is arranged in the sliding groove of the carrying arm.
  • the two connecting rods of the scissor unit connected with the fixing piece are hinged with the fixing piece.
  • the telescopic truss can assist the load of the telescopic installation arm and protect the telescopic installation arm.
  • the fixed part can absorb the fixed arc plate, the rotating oil cylinder can drive the telescopic installation arm to rotate, and the telescopic installation arm can drive the fixed part to expand and contract, and then install multiple arc plates along the 360° direction and splice them into an arc plate ring.
  • the cylinder body of the fourth hydraulic cylinder is also provided with a hoist 41.
  • the wire rope 43 of the hoist can be fixedly connected with the installed arc plate to tighten the wire rope, which can not only fix the arc plate construction device, but also fasten the arc twice. plate.
  • the bottom surface of the load-bearing beam is also fixed with a console 44 and a hydraulic station 45 through the frame.
  • the hydraulic station is connected to various hydraulic cylinders and cylinders through oil pipes to provide hydraulic oil for them.
  • the console is used to control the relevant hydraulic cylinders, cylinders, and motors.
  • the work of the electromagnetic chuck, the hydraulic station is used to provide hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder and the oil cylinder.
  • the structure of the steel pipe construction device is the same as that of the arc plate construction device. The difference is that the shape of the fixing member and the steel pipe are matched, and the arc plate structure is adopted, which can adsorb and fix the steel pipe. Other structures will not be repeated here.
  • the related motors, hydraulic cylinders, and oil cylinders can be controlled by the console, and the anchor rod, arc plate ring and steel tube concrete ring can be automatically placed in place, which greatly reduces the labor time of construction personnel and improves Improve construction efficiency.
  • this embodiment discloses a working method of the construction system described in Embodiment 2: Taking the supporting structure of the concrete-filled steel tube ring on the inner side of the arc slab ring as an example for description, including simultaneous anchor rod construction Process, arc plate construction process and steel pipe construction process.
  • the construction method of the bolt construction process is: the roadheader 7 excavates the roadway space, and the bolt construction device moves synchronously with the roadheader under the driving of the first traveling mechanism. After the roadway excavation by the roadheader is completed, Stop work, the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder drive the first supporting part and the second supporting part away from the top surface of the roadway. The construction personnel set up an anchor net 47 on the inner wall of the roadway. The existing construction method of the anchor net is adopted. The anchor net construction method is sufficient, and will not be described in detail here.
  • the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder push the longitudinal beams of the first support part and the second support part into the top surface of the roadway as For temporary support, the bolting machine moves along the arch to the set position under the action of the moving mechanism, and the bolt 48 is constructed.
  • the roadheader continues to excavate, while the construction crew erects the anchor net and uses the anchor rod construction device to construct the anchor rod. After the roadheader and the anchor rod construction device advance a set distance, the construction crew starts to follow the roadway at the entrance of the roadway.
  • the traditional manual hoisting method is adopted longitudinally to complete the installation of the first twelve arc plate rings and the installation of the first six steel tube concrete rings.
  • the steel tube concrete ring is arranged on the inner side of the arc plate ring.
  • the arc slab construction device is located in front of the steel pipe construction device. At this time, the arc slab construction device and the steel pipe construction device can move forward synchronously with the roadheader and the anchor construction device. , The arc slab construction device erects the arc slab ring in the area where the anchor rod construction is completed, and the steel pipe construction device erects the steel tube concrete ring on the inner side of the constructed arc slab ring.
  • the roadheader, the bolt construction device, the arc plate construction device and the steel pipe construction device advance synchronously until the roadway is excavated to the set distance.
  • the arc slab ring and steel tube concrete ring at the end of the roadway were constructed by manual hoisting, and the construction of the roadway and its support has been completed so far.
  • the working method of the arc plate construction device is: the fixed part adsorbs the fixed arc plate 46, the telescopic oil cylinder drives the rotating oil cylinder to extend, and the rotating oil cylinder drives the telescopic installation arm to rotate, so that the arc plate is aligned with the position of the arch bottom of the roadway, and the telescopic installation arm extends , Place the arc plate at the bottom of the arch in place, cut off the power to the fixings, leave the arc plate placed in place, and use the same method to complete the installation of the roadway ledge, the sidewall of the roadway and the top of the roadway, the entire arc plate ring
  • the bottom-up installation method is adopted.
  • the working method of the steel pipe construction device 51 is similar to that of the arc slab construction device, and will not be repeated here.
  • the concrete pump 50 is used to inject concrete into the steel tube sections, and the fullness of the concrete pouring is checked, and the underfilled steel tube sections are filled with grout.
  • the space between the outer side of the arc plate ring of the wet spray machine and the inner wall of the roadway is used for grouting.
  • the reverse arch bottom part of the roadway is backfilled to form a backfill part 52.
  • the fourth hydraulic cylinder can be controlled to retract, and the telescopic installation arm can be rotated to the upper side of the roadway to ensure the passage of pedestrians and equipment in the roadway.
  • the steel pipe construction device is located in front of the arc slab construction device.
  • the construction method of the arc plate ring is the same as the above steps, and the description will not be repeated.

Abstract

一种复合式支护结构、施工系统及方法，包括沿巷道纵向设置的多个弧板环(1)，所述弧板环(1)内侧面或外侧面设置有钢管混凝土环(5)，所述弧板环(1)由多个弧板拼接构成，钢管混凝土环(5)由多个钢管分段拼接构成，弧板环(1)和钢管混凝土环(5)能够共同对巷道壁进行支撑，该支护结构承载能力高，施工系统施工效率高，劳动强度低。

Description

一种复合式支护结构、施工系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及地下工程支护技术领域，具体涉及一种复合式支护结构、施工系统及方法。
背景技术
这里的陈述仅提供与本发明相关的背景技术，而不必然地构成现有技术。
当前，煤炭依旧是中国占比最大的能源供给方式，其中80％以上煤矿都是井工开采，并且开采深度以每年8-12m/a的速度增加，当前已经近50座矿井进入千米开采行列，且中国的煤炭资源一半以上储存在千米埋深以下，随着煤炭开采深度的不断增大，将会有更多矿井进入千米开采。进入千米深部开采后，巷道围岩压力不断加大，现有支护结构的稳定性越来越差，传统的支护结构(如工字钢、U型钢、锚网喷、锚注等)因承载能力不足，在深部高应力作用下极易产生大变形，已经无法保证深部巷道长期稳定，巷道需要频繁返修，导致支护成本增大，需要研发支撑力更高的支护结构。同时传统的支护形式中掘进和支护工序分离，掘进采用综掘机，临时支护采用锚网，永久支护采用U型钢支架等结构形式。锚网支护滞后综掘机，空顶距离大，容易诱发顶板垮塌，导致较严重的工程事故；永久支护一般是人力劳动，机械化程度低，施工速度慢，工人劳动强度大，导致巷道成型速度慢，支护成本增加。需要研发快速锚网支护技术，缩短空顶距离；同时提高支护机械化程度，降低工人劳动强度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服现有技术的不足，提供一种复合式支护结构，承载能力强，支护效果好，适用于深部高应力复杂巷道的支护。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本发明的实施例提供了一种复合式支护结构，包括沿巷道纵向设置的多个弧板环，所述弧板环内侧面或外侧面设置有钢管混凝土环，所述弧板环由多个弧板拼接构成，钢管混凝土环由多个钢管分段拼接构成，弧板环和钢管混凝土环能够共同对巷道壁进行支撑。
第二方面，本发明的实施例提供了一种复合支护结构的施工系统：包括：
掘进机：用于对巷道进行开挖；
锚杆施工装置：包括临时支护，临时支护与第一行走机构连接，第一行走机构能够带动临时支护支撑住巷道顶面并且沿巷道纵向方向前进，所述临时支护设置有拱梁，拱梁连接有移动结构，所述移动机构与锚杆钻机连接，移动机构能够带动锚固钻机沿拱梁运动，对巷道进行锚杆施工；
弧板施工装置：包括承重台，承重台与第二行走机构连接，第二行走机构能够带动承重台沿巷道纵向方向前进，所述承重台前端通过伸缩件连接有旋转件，旋转件通过伸缩安装臂与固定件连接，固定件能够与弧板固定，旋转件能够带动安装臂转动，对弧板进行安装；
钢管施工装置：用于对钢管混凝土环进行施工。
第三方面，本发明的实施例提供了一种复合支护结构的施工系统的工作方法：包括同步进行的锚杆施工工序、弧板施工工序及钢管施工工序；
所述锚杆施工工序方法为：掘进机及锚杆施工装置同步前进，掘进机对掌子面岩层开挖，形成巷道空间，掘进机掘进设定距离停止，在巷道的内壁放置锚网，第一行走机构升起临时支护，支撑巷道顶面，移动机构带动锚杆钻机沿拱梁运动，对锚杆进行施工，完成锚网支护；
弧板施工工序的方法为：固定件与弧板固定，伸缩件伸缩，旋转件带动伸缩安装臂转动至设定位置，安装伸缩臂伸长，将弧板安装到位，采用相同的方法，自下向上完成多个弧板的安装，形成弧板环，第二行走机构工作，弧板施工装置前进，依次完成多个弧板环的安装；
钢管施工装置位于弧板施工装置的后方或前方，在弧板环安装完成后安装钢管混凝土环或钢管混凝土环安装完成后再安装弧板环；
弧板环及钢管混凝土环安装完成后，在弧板环与巷道内壁之间进行注浆。
本发明的有益效果：
1.本发明的复合式支护结构，利用钢管混凝土环、弧板环及锚杆共同对巷道进行支护，与传统的单一采用锚杆或钢棚支护相比，支护强度明显增强，适用于深部高应力复杂巷道的支护。
2.本发明的施工系统及施工方法，具有能够沿巷道前进的锚杆施工装置、弧板施工装置及钢管施工装置，且每个施工装置能够自动进行工作，实现锚杆、弧板及钢管的自动化施工，降低了劳动强度，提高了施工效率，且锚杆施工装置、弧板施工装置及钢管施工装置能够在巷道内依次设置，各工序同步平行进行，实现了联合作业，极大的缩短了施工时间。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的限定。
图1为本发明实施例1支护结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1支护结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例2锚杆施工装置仰视图；
图4为本发明实施例2锚杆施工装置主视图；
图5为本发明实施例2锚杆施工装置侧视图；
图6为本发明实施例2移动机构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例2弧板施工装置主视图；
图8为本发明实施例2弧板施工装置侧视图；
图9为本发明实施例2承重台、旋转件、伸缩件、承载臂及伸缩安装臂装配示意图；
图10为本发明实施例2承重台与第四液压缸装配示意图；
图11为本发明实施例2第二行走机构结构示意图；
图12为本发明实施例2伸缩桁架与承载臂装配示意图；
图13为本发明实施例3施工系统施工状态示意图；
其中，1.弧板环，2.环向螺栓，3.弧板插筋，4.注浆孔，5.钢管混凝土环，6.接头套管，7.掘进机，8.第一支护部，8-1.纵向梁，8-2.横向梁，9.第二支护部，10.第一液压缸，11.第二液压缸，12.第三液压缸，13.连接架，14.拱架，15.锚杆钻机，16.第一齿条，17.第一齿轮，18.第一电机，19.连接板，20.挡板，21.承重台，22.第四液压缸，23.连接件，24.承载梁，24-1.槽钢，24-2.端部钢板，25.固定抓手，26.移动抓手，27.第五液压缸，28.第六液压缸，29.滑动板，30.齿轮轴，31.伸缩油缸，32.旋转油缸，33.强化柱，34.强化槽，35.承载臂，36.机头，37.伸缩安装臂，38.固定件，39.伸缩桁架，40.固定座，41.卷扬机，42.滚轮，43.拉绳，44.控制台，45.液压站，46.弧板，47.锚网，48.锚杆，49.钢管分段，50.混凝土泵机,51.钢管施工装置，52.回填部分，53.弧板施工装置。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
为了方便叙述，本发明中如果出现“上”、“下”、“左”“右”字样，仅表示与附图本身的上、下、左、右方向一致，并不对结构起限定作用,仅仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位，以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有的巷道支护结构支护强度不够，不适用于深部巷道，且掘进和支护工序分离，导致巷道施工时间长，针对上述问题，本申请提出了一种复合支护结构。
本申请的一种典型实施方式实施例1中，如图1所示，一种复合式支护结构，包括能够沿巷道纵向设置的多个弧板环，所述弧板环1由多块弧板拼接构成，沿弧板环的环向方向，多个弧板环通过环向螺栓2固定连接，沿巷道纵向，相邻弧板环通过弧板插筋3进行固定。弧板上设置有注浆孔4，为后期壁后注浆做准备。
所述弧板环的内侧面设置有钢管混凝土环，钢管混凝土环嵌入弧板环内侧的凹槽中，所述钢管混凝土环5由多个钢管分段拼接构成，相邻钢管分段利用接头套管6进行拼接，所述钢管混凝土环与弧板环的内侧面接触,能够加强弧板环的承载能力，提高整个支护结构的承载能力。
在另一个实施例中，如图2所示，所述钢筋混凝土环设置在弧板环的外侧面，采用此种方式，不仅能够增强整个支护结构的承载能力，还为弧板的施工提供了稳定的空间，特别是为弧板与巷道内壁之间浇筑混凝土层不受力养护争取了时间。
实施例2：
本实施例公开了一种实施例1所述的复合式支护结构的施工系统，如图3 所示，包括掘进机、锚杆施工装置、弧板施工装置及钢管施工装置。
当施工钢筋混凝土环在弧板环内侧的支护结构时，掘进机、锚杆施工装置、弧板施工装置及钢管施工装置在巷道内依次设置，同步施工，掘进机用于对巷道进行掘进，锚杆施工装置用于对锚杆进行施工，弧板施工装置对施工好锚杆的巷道部分施工弧板环，钢管施工装置用于对施工好的弧板环内侧面施工钢管混凝土环。
当施工钢筋混凝土环位于弧板环外侧的支护结构时，钢管施工装置位于弧板施工装置前方，优先施工钢管混凝土环，然后在施工好的钢管混凝土环上施工弧板环，对钢管混凝土环进行支撑。
所述掘进机7采用现有的掘进机即可，能够开挖截割掌子面岩层，形成一个巷道空间，其具体结构在此不进行详细叙述。
如图3-5所示，所述锚杆施工装置包括临时支护，所述临时支护与第一行走机构连接，第一行走机构能够带动临时支护升降，使得临时支护能够顶紧巷道的顶部，并且能够带动临时支护沿巷道纵向前进。
所述临时支护包括第一支护部8和第二支护部9，所述第一支护部和第二支护部的结构相同，均包括五根纵向梁8-1，所述纵向梁轴线沿巷道纵向设置，五根纵向梁的分布轨迹与巷道的形状相匹配，五根纵向梁能够贴合巷道的顶部。第一支护部和第二支护部的纵向梁交错设置。
在其他一些实施例中，纵向梁可以设置六根、七根或更多，根据巷道的实际工况设置即可，所述纵向梁可采用钢板或槽钢或工字钢，本领域技术人员可根据实际需要选择。
五根纵向梁均与多根与其垂直设置的横向梁8-2通过螺栓固定，本实施例中，横向梁设置两根，第一支护部和第二支护部的横向梁交替设置。
所述第一行走机构包括与第一支护部固定连接的四个第一液压缸10和与第二支护部固定连接的四个第二液压缸11及设置在第一支护部和第二支护部相互靠近的两根横向梁之间的两个第三液压缸12，第一液压缸和第二液压缸竖向设置，第三液压缸水平设置。
第一支护部的两根横向梁的两端均固定连接第一液压缸，第二支护部的两根横向梁的两端均固定连接第二液压缸。
第三液压缸的两端分别与第一支护部和第二支护部的两根横向梁固定连接。
第一液压缸和第二液压缸的活塞杆伸长，能够将纵向梁与巷道的顶面顶紧，此时第一液压缸的活塞杆收缩，第三液压缸伸长，带动第一支护部前进，第一支护部前进至设定位置后，第一液压缸的活塞杆再次伸长，使第一液压缸再次顶紧纵向梁，此时第二液压缸活塞杆收缩，第三液压缸的活塞杆收缩，带动第二支护部前进，第二支护部前进至设定位置后，第二液压缸活塞杆伸长，再次顶紧第二支护部，完成了一步行走，采用相同的方法可以第一行走机构完成多步行走。
第一支护部及第二支护部连接第一液压缸和第二液压缸的横向梁均通过连接架13连接拱架14，拱架与连接架焊接固定，连接架与横向梁固定，所述拱架采用弧形的工字钢，其形状与巷道形状相匹配。
在其他一些实施例中，所述拱架也可采用槽钢或方钢等。
所述拱架连接有移动机构，所述移动机构与锚杆钻机15连接，移动机构能够带动锚杆钻机沿拱架的移动。
如图6所示，所述移动机构包括固定在拱架下方翼板上表面的第一齿条16，所述齿条与两个第一齿轮17相啮合，两个第一齿轮分别设置在拱架腹板的两侧，其中一个靠近横向梁的第一齿轮与第一电机18的输出轴连接，所述第一电机的电机壳还固定有连接板19，连接板与另外一个第一齿轮转动连接，通过设置两个第一齿轮，能够保持第一电机的平衡性，使得第一电机带动第一齿轮转动时，第一电机能够沿拱架运动，所述连接板与锚杆钻机连接，连接板能够带动锚杆钻机沿拱架运动，锚杆钻机用于对锚杆进行施工。
本实施例中，设置三个锚杆钻机，移动机构共用一根齿条，在其他一些实施例中，锚杆钻机可设置四个或五个或更多个，根据实际工况选择其数量即可。
第一电机带动第一齿轮转动，第一齿轮能够沿第一齿条运动，进而第一电机能够沿拱架运动，进而带动锚杆钻机沿拱架运动，从而实现锚杆钻机运动至设定位置进行锚杆施工。
所述拱架两端设置有挡板20，防止锚杆钻机脱离拱架。
在其他一些实施例中，移动机构可采用能够沿拱架运动的小车或其他能够移动的机构，在此不进行详细叙述。
如图7-12所示，所述弧板施工装置包括承重台21，所述承重台采用三棱柱 结构，在其他一些实施例中，所述承重台采用长方体或圆柱体结构或其他形状结构。
所述承重台顶面与两个第四液压缸22的活塞杆固定连接，第四液压缸竖向设置，第四液压缸的缸体顶端固定有连接件23，第四液压缸能够通过连接件与第二行走机构连接。
所述第二行走机构包括承载梁24，所述承载梁与连接件固定连接，所述承载梁包括两个平行设置的槽钢24-1，两根槽钢开口侧背向设置，两根槽钢的两端利用端部钢板24-2焊接固定，槽钢上翼缘下表面固定有第二齿条。
所述连接件23采用连接块，连接块上设置有T型槽，能够与承载梁卡接，并且利用紧固螺栓与承载梁固定连接，实现承载梁与第四液压缸的固定连接。
所述承载梁交替设置有三个固定抓手25和三个移动抓手26，可以理解的是，固定抓手和移动爪手的数量可以设置为四个或五个或更多个，只要满足需求即可。
所述固定抓手与第一升降件连接，所述第一升降件采用第五液压缸27，所述固定抓手与第五液压缸的活塞杆连接，第五液压缸27的缸体与焊接固定在承载梁内部的固定座40固定连接，第五液压缸能够带动固定抓手升降。
所述移动抓手与第二升降件连接，所述第二升降件采用第六液压缸，所述移动抓手与第六液压缸28的活塞杆固定连接，第六液压缸的缸体与滑动板29固定连接，滑动板与承载梁的两个槽钢滑动连接。
所述固定抓手和移动抓手均采用电磁吸盘，通电后能够与弧板吸附固定。
槽钢24-1上翼缘下表面沿其长度方向设置第二齿条，所述滑动板固定有齿轮轴30，所述齿轮轴上转动连接有第二齿轮，所述第二齿轮与第二齿条相啮合，滑动板与设置在承载梁内的推进件连接，所述推进件采用推进油缸，推进油缸的活塞杆与滑动板固定连接，推进油缸的缸体与承载梁固定连接，所述移动抓手26依靠承载梁24内的推进油缸推动前进。
本实施例的第二行走机构工作时，固定抓手吸附固定弧板，移动抓手断电并且在第六液压缸的作用下离开弧板，承载梁内的推进油缸推动移动抓手前进，第六液压缸带动移动抓手上升，移动抓手通电与弧板吸附固定。固定抓手断电并且在第五液压缸的作用下离开弧板，承载梁内的推进油缸收缩带动承载梁前进，第 五液压缸带动固定抓手上升，固定抓手通电与弧板吸附固定。完成一次行走。采用此种方式，可完成多步行走，实现承载台沿巷道纵向的移动。
所述承重台内部设置有伸缩件，所述伸缩件采用伸缩油缸31，所述伸缩油缸固定在承重台内部，其活塞杆能够伸出至承重台前端外部，所述伸缩油缸的活塞杆与旋转件固定连接，所述旋转件采用旋转油缸32，伸缩油缸能够带动旋转油缸的直线运动。
在其他一些实施例中，所述伸缩件可采用直线电机或电动推杆，旋转件可采用电机等，本领域技术人员可根据实际需要进行设置。
所述旋转油缸还设置有三个强化柱33，所述承重台设置有与所述强化柱的强化槽34，强化柱能够伸入强化槽中，保证伸缩油缸只伸缩，不承载。
可以理解的是，强化柱可以设置四个或五个或更多个，根据实际情况进行选择。
所述旋转油缸的输出轴连接有两个呈夹角设置的承载臂35及位于承载臂一侧的机头36，旋转油缸能够带动承载臂及机头做360°转动。
所述机头与伸缩安装臂37的一端固定连接，伸缩安装臂的另一端安装有固定件38，所述伸缩安装臂可采用液压缸，能够实现伸缩运动，也可采用直线电机或电动推杆，只要能够输出直线运动即可。
所述固定件采用电磁吸盘，通电后能够与弧板吸附固定。
所述承载臂的一端与旋转油缸的输出轴固定连接，另一端与固定件之间连接有伸缩桁架39，伸缩安装臂的伸缩能够改变伸缩桁架的长度及两个伸缩桁架与承载臂之间的夹角，两个伸缩桁架在固定件的连接端形成夹角，且相对于伸缩安装臂对称设置，所述伸缩桁架采用剪叉结构，包括多个依次连接的剪叉单元，所述剪叉单元包括两根中部铰接的连杆，其中一个剪叉单元的两根连杆分别与相邻剪叉单元的两根连杆端部铰接，与承载臂连接的剪叉单元的两根连杆其中一根连杆与承载臂铰接，另一根连杆端部设置有滚轮42，所述滚轮设置的承载臂设置的滑槽内。与固定件连接的剪叉单元的两根连杆与固定件铰接。
伸缩桁架能够辅助伸缩安装臂承载，起到保护伸缩安装臂的作用。
固定件能够吸附固定弧板，旋转油缸能够带动伸缩安装臂转动，伸缩安装臂能够带动固定件伸缩，进而将多个弧板沿360°方向安装，拼接成为一个弧板 环。
所述第四液压缸的缸体上还设置有卷扬机41，所述卷扬机的钢丝绳43可与已安装弧板固定连接，拉紧钢丝绳，既可以固定弧板施工装置，又可以二次紧固弧板。
所述承载梁底面还还通过架体固定有控制台44和液压站45，液压站通过油管与各个液压缸及油缸连接，为其提供液压油，控制台用于控制相关液压缸、油缸、电机、电磁吸盘的工作，液压站用于向液压缸、油缸提供液压油。
所述钢管施工装置与弧板施工装置的结构相同，区别在于固定件与钢管的形状相匹配，采用弧形板结构，能够吸附固定钢管。其他结构在此不在进行重复叙述。
本发明的实施例中，相关的电机、液压缸及油缸均能够通过控制台控制，锚杆、弧板环及钢管混凝土环均可以自动放置到位，极大的减少了施工人员的劳动时间，提高了施工效率。
实施例3
如图13所示，本实施例公开了一种实施例2所述的施工系统的工作方法：以钢管混凝土环位于弧板环内侧的支护结构为例进行说明，包括同步进行的锚杆施工工序、弧板施工工序及钢管施工工序。
所述锚杆施工工序的施工方法为：掘进机7对巷道进行掘进开挖出巷道空间，锚杆施工装置在第一行走机构的带动下与掘进机同步运动，掘进机开挖巷道完成后，停止工作，第一液压缸和第二液压缸带动第一支护部和第二支护部脱离巷道顶面，施工人员在巷道的内壁上架设锚网47，锚网的施工方法采用现有的锚网施工方法即可，在此不进行详细叙述，锚网架设完成后，第一液压缸和第二液压缸将第一支护部和第二支护部的纵向梁顶进在巷道顶面，作为临时支护，锚杆钻机在移动机构的作用下沿拱架运动至设定位置，对锚杆48进行施工。
采用相同的方法，掘进机不断掘进，同时施工人员架设锚网并利用锚杆施工装置对锚杆进行施工，掘进机及锚杆施工装置前进设定距离后，施工人员在巷道进口出开始沿巷道纵向采用传统的人工吊装的方法完成前十二个弧板环的安装和前六个钢管混凝土环的安装，钢管混凝土环设置在弧板环的内侧面。
在施工好的弧板上安装弧板施工装置和钢管施工装置，弧板施工装置位于 钢管施工装置前方，此时弧板施工装置和钢管施工装置可与掘进机及锚杆施工装置做同步前进运动，弧板施工装置对锚杆施工完成区域架设弧板环，钢管施工装置对施工好的弧板环内侧面架设钢管混凝土环。
掘进机、锚杆施工装置、弧板施工装置及钢管施工装置同步前进，直至巷道开挖至设定距离。巷道末端的弧板环和钢管混凝土环采用人工吊装的方法施工完成，至此完成巷道及其支护的施工。
其中弧板施工装置的工作方法为：固定件吸附固定弧板46，伸缩油缸带动旋转油缸伸出，旋转油缸带动伸缩安装臂转动，使弧板与巷道拱底的位置对齐，伸缩安装臂伸出，将拱底的弧板放置到位，固定件断电，离开放置到位的弧板，采用相同的方法依次完成巷道帮部、巷道侧壁及巷道顶部弧板的安装，整个弧板环的弧板采用由下向上的安装方式，每放置到位一个弧板，将其与相邻的弧板利用环向螺栓进行固定，每安装完一个弧板环，将其与相邻的弧板环利用弧板插筋进行固定。
所述钢管施工装置51的工作方法与弧板施工装置的工作方法相近，在此不进行重复叙述。钢管混凝土环的多个钢管分段49安装完成后，采用混凝土泵机50在钢管分段内灌注混凝土，并检查混凝土灌注饱满度，对未饱满的钢管分段进行补浆。
弧板环安装设定数量后，利用湿喷机弧板环外侧面与巷道内壁之间的空间进行注浆。弧板环注浆完成后，对巷道的反拱底部分进行回填，形成回填部分52。
上述工序同步平行进行，极大的缩短了施工周期，提高了施工效率。
无安装任务时，可控制第四液压缸收起，并把伸缩安装臂转动到巷道上侧，保证巷道内行人和设备通行。
当施工钢管混凝土环位于弧板环外侧面的支护结构时，钢管施工装置位于弧板施工装置前方，先施工钢管混凝土环，在施工完成的钢管混凝土环内侧施工弧板环，其钢管混凝土环及弧板环的施工方法与上述步骤相同，不在进行重复叙述。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本 领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种复合式支护结构，包括沿巷道纵向设置的多个弧板环，所述弧板环内侧面或外侧面设置有钢管混凝土环，所述弧板环由多个弧板拼接构成，钢管混凝土环由多个钢管分段拼接构成，弧板环和钢管混凝土环能够共同对巷道壁进行支撑。
  2. 一种复合式支护结构的施工系统：包括：
    掘进机：用于对巷道进行开挖；
    锚杆施工装置：包括临时支护，临时支护与第一行走机构连接，第一行走机构能够带动临时支护支撑住巷道顶面并且沿巷道纵向方向前进，所述临时支护设置有拱梁，拱梁连接有移动结构，所述移动机构与锚杆钻机连接，移动机构能够带动锚固钻机沿拱梁运动，对巷道进行锚杆施工；
    弧板施工装置：包括承重台，承重台与第二行走机构连接，第二行走机构能够带动承重台沿巷道纵向方向前进，所述承重台前端通过伸缩件连接有旋转件，旋转件通过伸缩安装臂与固定件连接，固定件能够与弧板固定，旋转件能够带动安装臂转动，对弧板进行安装；
    钢管施工装置：用于对钢管混凝土环进行施工。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种复合式支护结构的施工系统，其特征在于，所述临时支护包括第一支护部和第二支护部，所述第一行走机构包括分别与第一支护部和第二支护部连接的第一液压缸和第二液压缸，第一液压缸和第二液压缸竖向设置，能够将第一支护部和第二支护部顶紧在巷道顶面，第一支护部和第二支护部之间还设置有水平设置的第三液压缸，第三液压缸用于带动第一支护部和第二支部部的前进，所述第一支护部和第二支护部均连接有拱梁。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的一种复合式支护结构的施工系统，其特征在于，所述拱梁设置有第一齿条，所述第一齿条与第一齿轮相啮合，第一齿轮与第一电机的输出轴连接，第一电机能够带动第一齿轮转动，在第一齿轮和第一齿条的啮合作用下，第一电机能够沿拱梁运动，所述第一电机的电机壳与锚杆钻机连接，能够带动锚杆钻机的运动。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的一种复合式支护结构的施工系统，其特征在于，所述第二行走机构包括承载梁，所述承载梁设置有多个交替设置的固定抓手和移动 抓手，固定抓手和移动抓手均能够与弧板固定连接，固定抓手通过第一升降件与承载梁连接，移动抓手通过第二升降件与滑动板固定连接，滑动板与承载梁滑动连接，滑动板转动连接有第二齿轮，第二齿轮与固定在承载梁的第二齿条相啮合，滑动板与推进件的一端固定连接，推进件的另一端与承载梁固定连接。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的一种复合式支护结构的施工系统，其特征在于，所述旋转件采用旋转油缸，旋转油缸的输出轴固定有两个呈夹角设置的承载臂，承载臂一端与旋转油缸的输出轴固定连接，另一端与伸缩桁架的一端连接，伸缩桁架的另一端与设置在伸缩安装臂端部的固定件连接。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的一种复合式支护结构的施工系统，其特征在于，所述伸缩件采用伸缩油缸，所述伸缩油缸设置在承重台内部，且伸缩油缸的活塞杆与旋转件连接，所述旋转件还设置有多个强化柱，所述强化柱伸入承重台设置的强化槽中。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的一种复合式支护结构的施工系统，其特征在于，所述承重台与竖向设置的升降驱动件的一端连接，升降驱动件的另一端设置有连接件，连接件能够与第二行走机构连接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种复合式支护结构的施工系统，其特征在于，所述升降驱动件固定有卷扬机，所述卷扬机的钢丝绳能够与已安装的弧板固定连接。
  10. 一种权利要求2-9任一项所述的复合式支护结构的施工系统的工作方法，其特征在于，包括同步进行的锚杆施工工序、弧板施工工序及钢管施工工序；
    所述锚杆施工工序方法为：掘进机及锚杆施工装置同步前进，掘进机对掌子面岩层开挖，形成巷道空间，掘进机掘进设定距离停止，在巷道的内壁放置锚网，第一行走机构升起临时支护，支撑巷道顶面，移动机构带动锚杆钻机沿拱梁运动，对锚杆进行施工，完成锚网支护；
    弧板施工工序的方法为：固定件与弧板固定，伸缩件伸缩，旋转件带动伸缩安装臂转动至设定位置，安装伸缩臂伸长，将弧板安装到位，采用相同的方法，自下向上完成多个弧板的安装，形成弧板环，第二行走机构工作，弧板施工装置前进，依次完成多个弧板环的安装；
    钢管施工装置位于弧板施工装置的后方或前方，在弧板环安装完成后安装 钢管混凝土环或钢管混凝土环安装完成后再安装弧板环；
    弧板环及钢管混凝土环安装完成后，在弧板环与巷道内壁之间进行注浆。
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