WO2021201516A1 - 인슐린 수용체 특이적 압타머 및 이의 용도 - Google Patents
인슐린 수용체 특이적 압타머 및 이의 용도 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021201516A1 WO2021201516A1 PCT/KR2021/003795 KR2021003795W WO2021201516A1 WO 2021201516 A1 WO2021201516 A1 WO 2021201516A1 KR 2021003795 W KR2021003795 W KR 2021003795W WO 2021201516 A1 WO2021201516 A1 WO 2021201516A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aptamer
- insulin
- insulin receptor
- group
- naphthyl group
- Prior art date
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/558—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor using diffusion or migration of antigen or antibody
- G01N33/561—Immunoelectrophoresis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an IR-specific aptamer that effectively enhances the sensitivity of an insulin receptor (IR) and enhances an IR signal in the presence of insulin.
- IR insulin receptor
- the present invention targets the Q272 residue in the cysteine rich (CR) domain of IR, which plays an important role in the modulation of IR, positive allosteric modulators for IR (Positive allosteric modulators, PAM) of the screening method.
- Receptor tyrosine kinases are well-known cell membrane proteins that play key regulators of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and metabolism.
- Insulin receptor which is a type of RTK, promotes mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related cell proliferation and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-related glucose metabolism in cells.
- PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase
- IR-mediated glucose uptake in adipose tissue and muscle is essential to maintain normal blood glucose levels. For this reason, IR has been widely used as a target for the treatment of diabetes (Diabetes, Diabetes mellitus, DM).
- Diabetes is a type of metabolic disease and is associated with high blood sugar levels. About 90% of diabetic patients belong to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Most T2D is caused by insulin resistance. Insulin resistance significantly reduces the effectiveness of insulin, making it difficult to control blood sugar levels. In the early stages of diabetes (or prediabetes), the effects of insulin resistance can be overcome with more insulin secreted by pancreatic ⁇ cells. However, over time, high blood sugar levels are maintained due to ⁇ -cell dysfunction, ultimately requiring exogenous insulin to lower blood sugar levels in diabetic conditions.
- T2D type 2 diabetes
- Insulin and insulin analogues are the most commonly used antidiabetic drugs to lower blood sugar levels. In addition to the amount of insulin, insulin sensitivity is important for maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Insulin sensitivity indicates how sensitive a cell is to the effect of insulin, and improving it is one way to maximize the effect of insulin. Accordingly, a method for improving insulin sensitivity using positive allosteric modulators (PAM) is being studied.
- PAM positive allosteric modulators
- the allosteric modulator binds to a specific partial receptor of an orthosteric ligand, and regulates activation according to a change in the receptor structure. It can be classified according to the activating effect of the orthosteric ligand and the receptor activation capacity (De Smet, F., Christopoulos, A. and Carmeliet, P. (2014) Allosteric targeting of receptor tyrosine kinases. Nature biotechnology, 32, 1113). -1120.). Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) increase the affinity and potency of orthosteric ligands. Conversely, negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) attenuate the affinity and potency of orthosteric ligands.
- PAMs Positive allosteric modulators
- NAMs negative allosteric modulators
- Allosteric modulators have several potential advantages compared to ligands that bind to orthosteric sites, such as high specificity for receptor subtypes as drugs and reduced risk of drug overdose. Therefore, the study of allosteric modulators is important not only for the discovery of receptor activation mechanisms, but also for the discovery of new drug candidates.
- the aptamer has high affinity and specificity for the target protein, similar to the antibody.
- an aptamer interacts with the surface structure topology of a target protein.
- the specificity of aptamers tends to be very sensitive to even small differences in target protein structure. Due to these properties, aptamers are ideally suited for the development of allosteric modulators required to recognize ligand-induced conformational changes of receptors. However, so far, there are only a few aptamers that act as agonists and activate the function of receptors.
- IR-A43 which is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) aptamer that specifically binds to an insulin receptor (IR).
- PAM positive allosteric modulator
- IR-A43 exhibited sensitizing properties and thus did not show activity in the absence of insulin, and effectively improved insulin sensitivity and enhanced IR signal in the presence of insulin.
- the present inventors confirmed that the Q272 residue in the cysteine rich (CR) domain of IR is important for the modulation of IR, confirming that the Q272 residue may play an important role in the hotspot for IR sensitization did. Accordingly, IR-A43 can be used as a PAM for IR control.
- One object of the present invention is to provide an insulin receptor (insulin receptor, IR) specific aptamer.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a screening method for positive allosteric modulators (PAM) for the insulin receptor.
- PAM positive allosteric modulators
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a cysteine-rich domain of an insulin receptor, which is a cysteine-rich domain of the insulin receptor, to which the aptamer of the present invention binds.
- the insulin receptor (IR)-A43 aptamer of the present invention exhibits sensitizing properties and thus does not exhibit activity in the absence of insulin, and effectively improves insulin sensitivity and enhances the IR signal when present together with insulin.
- the Q272 residue in the cysteine rich (CR) domain of IR is important for the regulation of IR, and it was confirmed that the Q272 residue may play an important role in the hotspot for IR sensitization, IR-A43 can be used as positive allosteric modulators (PAM) for the regulation of IR, and can increase IR sensitivity by targeting the Q272 residue.
- PAM positive allosteric modulators
- IR-A43F full sequence, 80mer
- IR-A43 cleaved sequence, 31mer
- 'N' represents Nap-dU(5-(N-1-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine).
- IR-A43F affinity and IGF1-R insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor were measured in the absence and presence of 100 nM insulin through a filter binding assay, respectively.
- the dissociation constant (Kd) was determined based on a model in which one part was saturated.
- FIG. 2 Human IR overexpressed Rat-1 cells (Rat-1 / hIR) FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) labeled insulin (FITC-insulin) (untreated (NT), 0.8 nM, 4 nM, 20 nM, 100 nM and After incubation at 500 nM), the binding affinity between IR and insulin or between IR and insulin and IR-A43 was confirmed through flow cytometry.
- FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled insulin
- C Results of stimulation of cells cultured at 100 nM of FITC-IR-A43 with insulin 2 nM, 10 nM, and 50 nM at 4° C. for 1 hour.
- Rat1/hIR cells were co-stimulated with insulin 10 nM and IR-A43 500 nM for 10 min, (A) site-specific phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of insulin receptors, (B) downstream insulins such as pIRS, pAKT, pSHC and pERK The result of confirming the phosphorylation of molecules involved in signaling. (C) The result of confirming phosphorylation of hIR (Y1150/1151) by co-stimulation of Rat1/hIR cells with 5 nM insulin and increasing IR-A43 concentration for 10 min.
- Rat1/hIR cells were treated with low-dose insulin (2nM), high-dose insulin (50nM), or low-dose insulin (2nM) with IR-A43 to quantitatively evaluate the insulin-enhancing activity of IR-A43.
- Results of stimulation with (250 nM). Bar graphs are expressed as mean ⁇ SE (SEM) (n 2 independent experiments).
- Figure 4 Results of measuring glucose uptake after stimulation of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with 500 nM IR-A43, 20 nM insulin, or 20 nM insulin and 500 nM IR-A43 for 30 minutes. Data are presented as mean ⁇ SE (SEM). P-values were determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test ( * p ⁇ 0.05, ** p ⁇ 0.01, *** p ⁇ 0.001 and ns, not significant).
- FIG. 5 (A) Schematic representation of domain substitutions between hIR and mIR used to make a hybrid human IR (hIR) comprising a portion of the mouse IR (mIR). (B) Phosphorylation of a hybrid hIR comprising part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4, part 5, part 6 or part 7 of the mIR. (C) Phosphorylation of hybrid mIR comprising part 2 of hIR. (D) Phosphorylation of the hIR mutant (R271K/Q272P) in which residue R271 is substituted with K271 and residue Q272 is substituted with P272.
- G Phosphorylation of the mIR mutant (P272Q) in which P272 is substituted with Q272.
- Figure 6 Structural analysis results of the insulin-enhancing activity of IR-A43 based on the structure of the insulin receptor in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) database.
- PDB Protein Data Bank
- D Structural overlap of the L1-CR-L2 domains in the inactive and active forms.
- One aspect of the present invention provides an insulin receptor (insulin receptor, IR) specific aptamer.
- insulin receptor promotes mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related cell proliferation and PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase)-related glucose metabolism in cells.
- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
- PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase
- aptamer refers to a "Chemical Antibody” that has a short-length (20-80 bases) single-stranded property capable of binding to various types of target ligands from specific compounds to proteins with high specificity and affinity. means a nucleic acid molecule. Aptamers can be prepared in vitro through SELEX (Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment).
- Aptamers are considered to be oligonucleic acid molecules having properties similar to those of antibodies in that they have high binding affinity and selectivity of nanomolar (nM) to femtomolar (fM) levels for a target protein.
- aptamers compared with antibodies, aptamers have several advantages as follows: (1) aptamers prepared by chemical synthesis are easier to change than protein-based substances such as antibodies, and (2) SELEX process selectivity and affinity can be maximized, (3) high purity because it is made by chemical synthesis, (4) can be identified through instrumentation analysis, (5) stable to heat and can be stored for a long time at room temperature do.
- SELEX Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
- a target substance As used herein, the term "SELEX (Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment)” is a method of selecting an aptamer that binds to a target substance.
- an oligonucleotide library DNA or RNA
- the DNA/RNA library not bound to the target is removed.
- the nucleotides bound to the target After separating the nucleotides bound to the target, amplify them through a gene amplification method and repeat the above process several times to select an aptamer having high binding ability to the target.
- an aptamer was prepared by modifying the general SELEX method as described above, and the specific method thereof is described below.
- the aptamer selection process requires a process of securing a single-stranded nucleic acid pool from a library having about 10 14 to 10 15 different sequences, ie, diversity.
- Various methods are used as a method for this, but in general, a method of amplifying only one strand using asymmetric PCR, biotin is attached to the end of one strand of a double-stranded nucleic acid, and then beads wrapped with streptavidin (streptavidin) The method of selectively separating only one strand using a bead is the most used.
- a selection process of selecting an aptamer with high binding affinity is performed by binding the obtained library to a target molecule.
- the target molecule is a protein
- biotin labeled with the protein is usually pulled down using streptavidin beads.
- the modified nucleic acid library not bound to the target protein is removed by washing with a buffer.
- the plate after inducing the binding of the nucleic acid library to the target protein, it is washed with a buffer to remove nucleic acids that do not bind to the target protein.
- a buffer to remove nucleic acids that do not bind to the target protein.
- aptamers having affinity for the ligand usually, by repeating the selection-amplification process 5-15 times, an aptamer with high affinity can be obtained.
- the amplified nucleic acid is cloned, the sequence is confirmed through sequence analysis from each clone, and the affinity and binding force with the target molecule are measured by synthesizing an aptamer.
- the term “target molecule” refers to a substance detectable by the aptamer of the present invention. Specifically, the target molecule is present in the isolated sample and includes a protein, peptide, carbohydrate, polysaccharide, glycoprotein, hormone, receptor, antigen, antibody, virus, cofactor, drug, to which the capture aptamer can bind. It may be one or more selected from the group consisting of dyes, growth factors and controlled substances, but is not limited thereto. For the purposes of the present invention, the target molecule may be an insulin receptor, but is not limited thereto.
- the aptamer of the present invention may include any one or more modifications selected from the following in one or more nucleotides constituting the polynucleotide sequence thereof.
- the aptamer may include a nucleotide sequence of the following general formula (1).
- Y in the general formula 1 is independently a pyrimidine-based base, and specifically may be C or T,
- the 5' carbon in Y may be substituted with any one or more selected from the group consisting of a naphthyl group and a 2-naphthyl group, but is not limited thereto.
- Y in Formula 1 may be substituted with a naphthyl group, and specifically may be substituted with Nap-dU (5-(N-1-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine), but is not limited thereto.
- the nucleotide sequence of Formula 1 may include a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more homology thereto, but is not limited thereto.
- the aptamer may include the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, but is not limited thereto.
- the aptamer may include a nucleotide sequence of the following general formula (2).
- Y in Formula 2 is independently a pyrimidine-based base, and may specifically be C or T,
- the 5' carbon in Y may be substituted with any one or more selected from the group consisting of a naphthyl group and a 2-naphthyl group, but is not limited thereto.
- Y in Formula 2 may be substituted with a naphthyl group, specifically, may be substituted with Nap-dU (5-(N-1-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine), but is not limited thereto.
- the nucleotide sequence of Formula 2 may include a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more homology thereto, but is not limited thereto.
- the aptamer may include a nucleotide sequence represented by the following general formula (3).
- Y and W in the general formula 3 are independently a pyrimidine-based base, and specifically may be C or T,
- 5' carbon in Y and W is substituted with any one or more selected from the group consisting of a naphthyl group and a 2-naphthyl group,
- Any one or more of A, C, T and G in General Formula 3 may be one in which any one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a methoxy group and fluorine are introduced, but is not limited thereto.
- Y in Formula 3 may be one substituted with a naphthyl group, specifically, one substituted with Nap-dU (5-(N-1-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine), but is not limited thereto.
- W in General Formula 3 may be substituted with a 2-naphthyl group, specifically, it may be substituted with 2-Nap-dU (5-(N-2-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine), but is limited thereto doesn't happen
- A, C, T and G of the general formula 3 may be a methoxy group or a fluorine introduced, but is not limited thereto.
- the nucleotide sequence of Formula 3 may include a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more homology thereto, but is not limited thereto.
- the aptamer may include any one or more base sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 10, but is not limited thereto.
- the aptamer may include a nucleotide sequence of the following general formula (4).
- Y and W of the general formula 4 are independently a pyrimidine-based base, and may specifically be C or T,
- 5' carbon in Y and W is substituted with any one or more selected from the group consisting of a naphthyl group and a 2-naphthyl group,
- Any one or more of A, C, T and G in General Formula 4 may be introduced with any one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a methoxy group and fluorine, but is not limited thereto.
- Y in Formula 4 may be substituted with a naphthyl group, and specifically may be substituted with Nap-dU (5-(N-1-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine), but is not limited thereto.
- W in Formula 4 may be substituted with a 2-naphthyl group, specifically, it may be substituted with 2-Nap-dU (5-(N-2-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine), but is limited thereto doesn't happen
- A, C, T and G of the general formula 4 may be a methoxy group or a fluorine introduced, but is not limited thereto.
- the nucleotide sequence of Formula 4 may include a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more homology thereto, but is not limited thereto.
- the aptamer may include any one or more base sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 11 to 19, but is not limited thereto.
- the aptamer of the present invention may further include 1 to 30 polynucleotides at any one or more selected from the 5' end and the 3' end thereof.
- the aptamer may include 30 to 150 nucleotides by further including the above-described polynucleotide at any one or more selected from the 5' end and the 3' end thereof.
- affinity with the insulin receptor may be remarkably increased compared to the case where the aptamer is not modified.
- the term 'homology' or 'identity' refers to a degree related to two given amino acid sequences or nucleotide sequences and may be expressed as a percentage.
- the terms homology and identity can often be used interchangeably.
- Sequence homology or identity of a conserved polynucleotide or polypeptide is determined by standard alignment algorithms, with default gap penalties established by the program used may be used.
- Substantially, homologous or identical sequences generally have moderate or high stringency along at least about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% of the entire or full-length sequence. It can hybridize under stringent conditions. Hybridization is also contemplated for polynucleotides containing degenerate codons instead of codons in the polynucleotides.
- GAP program is defined as the total number of symbols in the shorter of two sequences divided by the number of similarly aligned symbols (ie, nucleotides or amino acids).
- Default parameters for the GAP program are: (1) a binary comparison matrix (containing values of 1 for identity and 0 for non-identity) and Schwartz and Dayhoff, eds., Atlas Of Protein Sequence And Structure, National Biomedical Research Foundation , pp. 353-358 (1979), Gribskov et al (1986) Nucl. Acids Res. 14: weighted comparison matrix of 6745 (or EDNAFULL (EMBOSS version of NCBI NUC4.4) substitution matrix); (2) a penalty of 3.0 for each gap and an additional 0.10 penalty for each symbol in each gap (or a gap opening penalty of 10, a gap extension penalty of 0.5); and (3) no penalty for end gaps.
- the aptamer of the present invention may bind to a cysteine rich (CR) domain of an insulin receptor.
- the cysteine rich domain may be an amino acid residue (SEQ ID NO: 24) corresponding to positions 234 to 281 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 constituting the insulin receptor.
- the binding site in the cysteine-rich domain of the aptamer may be an amino acid residue corresponding to position 272 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 constituting the insulin receptor.
- corresponding position refers to an amino acid residue at a position listed in a protein or polypeptide, or an amino acid residue similar to, identical to, or homologous to a residue listed in a protein or polypeptide.
- corresponding region generally refers to a similar or corresponding position in a related protein or reference protein.
- Specific numbering may be used for amino acid residue positions in proteins used in the present invention. For example, by aligning the polypeptide sequence of the protein of the present invention with the target protein to be compared, it is possible to renumber the position corresponding to the amino acid residue position of the protein of the present invention.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a screening method for positive allosteric modulators (PAM) for the insulin receptor.
- PAM positive allosteric modulators
- the term “positive allosteric modulators (PAM)” refers to an allosteric modulator that binds to a specific partial receptor of an orthosteric ligand and regulates activation according to a change in the receptor structure. modulator), and refers to an allosteric modulator that increases the affinity and efficacy of an orthosteric ligand.
- the positive allosteric modulator may be used interchangeably with an allosteric enhancer.
- Allosteric modulators exhibit intrinsic or antagonism at their target receptors, with or without orthosteric ligands present. Allosteric modulators have several potential advantages compared to ligands that bind to orthosteric sites, such as high specificity for receptor subtypes as drugs and reduced risk of drug overdose.
- the test substance when the test substance binds to the cysteine-rich domain of the insulin receptor, and the insulin receptor contacted with the test substance has increased sensitivity of the insulin receptor or enhanced downstream signaling compared to the control, the test The method may further include selecting the substance as a candidate for a positive allosteric modulator for the insulin receptor.
- test substance may be any one or more selected from the group consisting of aptamers, proteins, peptides and compounds, but is not limited thereto.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a cysteine-rich domain of an insulin receptor, wherein the domain is characterized by binding to the aptamer of the present invention.
- the cysteine rich domain may be an amino acid residue (SEQ ID NO: 24) corresponding to positions 234 to 281 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 constituting the insulin receptor.
- the position in the cysteine-rich domain to which the aptamer of the present invention binds may be an amino acid residue corresponding to position 272 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 constituting the insulin receptor.
- Example 1 Identification of a sensitizing aptamer for insulin receptor (IR)
- SELEX and aptamer synthesis were obtained from Aptamer Science Inc. (Pohang, Korea). Specifically, the DNA random library consisted of 20mers for each 5'- and 3'-terminal primer binding site and 40mers for random variable regions.
- the sequence selected in SELEX is as follows: 5'-TATGAGTGACCGTCCGCCTG-N 40 -CAGCCACACCACCAGCCAAA-3' (80mer, N 40 is a random variable region).
- thymine (dT) was replaced with Nap-dU (5-[N-(1-naphthylmethyl) carboxamide]-2'-deoxyuridine).
- DNA libraries were incubated with His-tagged recombinant human IR extracellular domains. After incubation, the IR protein was purified with Dynabeads TALON (Invitrogen). The selected DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR to obtain an IR-sensitive aptamer IR-A43 (SEQ ID NO: 23) (FIG. 1A).
- sequence optimization of IR-A43 was performed, and the sequences of the 5'- and 3'-ends were cut out one by one to select the truncated aptamer showing the same activity as compared to the full-length original aptamer.
- the selected aptamer was modified to confirm that the variable region was a 41mer (FIG. 1A).
- the sequence-optimized IR-A43 was composed of modified 31mer DNA and exhibited a binding affinity for IR at about 70 nM in the absence of insulin (Fig. 1B). However, in the presence of insulin, IR-A43 dramatically increased its binding affinity for IR, exhibiting a binding affinity for IR at about 2.85 nM.
- IR has a high level of sequence homology with IGF1-R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) and shares a downstream signaling pathway. Avidity was analyzed using IR, IGF1-R and IR-A43.
- IR-A43 does not bind to IGF1-R, but specifically binds to IR ( FIG. 1B ).
- FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Rat-1 cells Rat-1 cells
- HeLa cells human IR overexpressed Rat-1 cells (Rat-1/hIR) and HeLa cells were cultured in DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagel's medium) medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37° C., 5% CO 2 It was cultured under humidified conditions containing The cultured cells were transferred to a 100 mm dish, cultured to 80-90% confluency, washed, and separated with 5 mM EDTA containing 1X PBS (phosphate buffered saline). After cell isolation, the cells were incubated with blocking buffer (1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.1% NaN 3 ) at 4° C. for 30 minutes.
- blocking buffer 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.1% NaN 3
- Rat-1/hIR cells were cultured to 90% confluency, and then cultured in DMEM without FBS for 2 hours. Thereafter, incubated briefly at 37° C. with Krebs-Ringer HEPES buffer [120 mM NaCl, 1.2 mM MgSO 4 , 1.3 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 1.3 mM CaCl 2 , 5 mM KCl and 25 mM HEPES (pH 7.4)].
- the aptamer was heated in Krebs-Ringer HEPES buffer at 95° C. for 5 min and cooled at room temperature for 30 min to construct a unique structure of the aptamer. After cooling the aptamer, insulin was added and co-treated with the aptamer. After insulin and aptamer treatment, all samples were incubated in a 37°C incubator.
- IR-A43 effectively increases insulin binding to IR.
- IR-A43 binds more preferentially to the structure activated by insulin than to the structure in which the receptor is inactive without insulin.
- IR-A43 increased insulin binding in Rat-1/hIR cells using FITC-insulin ( FIG. 2D ).
- FITC-insulin alone 100 nM
- the peak of the fluorescence intensity shifted by 16.7%
- Example 2 it was confirmed that IR-A43 increases insulin binding to IR. Based on this, it was expected that insulin binding to IR and IR downstream signaling pathways would increase. Therefore, to investigate the relationship between IR-A43 and IR signals, IR and IR downstream signaling pathways IRS (Insulin Receptor Substrate), AKT (Protein kinase B), SHC (Src Homology 2 Domain Containing Transforming Protein) and ERK ( Phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase) was confirmed.
- IRS Insulin Receptor Substrate
- AKT Protein kinase B
- SHC Serc Homology 2 Domain Containing Transforming Protein
- ERK Phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase
- RIPA buffer 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), 0.5% sodium deoxycholate ( sodium deoxycholate), 1% Triton-X, 10% glycerol, 1mM EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), 1mM PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), 2mM Na 3 VO 4 , 10mM ⁇ -glycerophosphate, 20 mM NaF and protease inhibitor cocktails].
- IR-A43 could bind to the insulin receptor in the absence of insulin, but IR-A43 alone did not affect autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor expressed in Rat-1/hIR cells ( FIG. 3A ).
- co-stimulation of the insulin receptor with insulin and IR-A43 amplified autophosphorylation.
- phosphorylation of tyrosine residues was improved to a similar degree by IR-A43 without bias, and the phosphorylation level was different according to the concentration of IR-A43 (Fig. 3B).
- Phosphorylation of downstream signaling proteins, like receptor autophosphorylation was amplified when insulin and IR-A43 were bound to the insulin receptor (Fig. 3C).
- IR-A43 is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) that amplifies the activity of insulin by stabilizing the binding of insulin to the receptor.
- PAM positive allosteric modulator
- glucose uptake was measured in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, mouse-derived adipocytes.
- Glucose uptake is a major function of IR in peripheral tissues. Insulin signaling, which increases the uptake of glucose from blood into cells, enables transport of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle and adipocytes.
- GLUT4 glucose transporter type 4
- 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% bovine serum (BS).
- BS bovine serum
- cells were cultured in 10% BS condition on the first 2 days for growth, the culture medium was removed on the next 2 days and 10 containing 500 nM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IMBX), 850 nM insulin and 1 uM dexamethasone.
- IMBX 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
- 850 nM insulin 850 nM insulin
- 1 uM dexamethasone 1 uM dexamethasone.
- % FBS After 2 days the culture medium was removed and replaced with 10% FBS containing 850 nM insulin. After 2 days, the culture medium was removed and replaced with 10% FBS.
- adipocytes were cultured without FBS for 3 hours, and adipocytes were cultured without glucose for 1 hour using Krebs-Ringer HEPES buffer, and then treated with aptamer and insulin for 15 minutes. Then, the cells were incubated with 2-deoxy-14C-glucose (14C-2-deoxy glucose) (0.1 uCi/ml) for 10 minutes and then with 25 mM D-glucose containing PBS. Washed 3 times. Cells were lysed with 1% SDS containing 0.5N NaOH, and glucose uptake was measured with a liquid scintillation counter.
- 2-deoxy-14C-glucose 14C-2-deoxy glucose
- the 3T3-L1 adipocytes used in the glucose uptake assay in this example are mouse-derived, whereas the Rat-1/hIR cells used in the Western blotting study are human-derived and express insulin receptors.
- the amino acid sequences of human IR (hIR) and mouse IR (mIR) show high homology ( ⁇ 95.9%) but are not identical.
- -A43 was specifically constructed for hIR. To confirm the species specificity of IR-A43, we transiently overexpressed hIR or mIR and observed receptor autophosphorylation in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cells.
- CHO-K1 cells were cultured in Ham's F-12K (F-12 nutrient mixture Ham Kaighn's modification medium) medium containing 10% FBS.
- hIR or mIR were transfected and overexpressed into CHO-K1 cells using Lipofectamine 3000 transfection reagent (ThermoFisher, # L3000008) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- IR-A43 did not enhance insulin-induced autophosphorylation of mIR (Fig. 4B).
- Example 5 Identification of hotspots for sensitization in human IR
- IR-A43 the species specificity of IR-A43 is useful for identifying the binding site of IR-A43 and understanding the mechanism of its insulin potentiating activity.
- domain (approximately 200-600 amino acids) substitutions were performed using Gibson Assembly Master Mix (NEB, # E2611L) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- Each construct was transfected into CHO-K1 cells using Lipofectamine 3000 transfection reagent (ThermoFisher, # L3000008) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- IR-A43 enhanced insulin-induced autophosphorylation of each hybrid hIR receptor except for the hybrid hIR containing Part 2 of the mIR ( FIG. 5B ).
- a hybrid mIR including Part 2 of hIR was prepared and the activity of IR-A43 was evaluated.
- IR-A43 is a hybrid It was confirmed that mIR improves the activity of insulin (FIG. 5C).
- residue Q272 located in the cysteine rich (CR) domain of hIR is directly involved in the binding of IR-A43 to hIR, and that the region including Q272 is a hotspot for improving insulin activity by stabilizing insulin binding. .
- Example 5 Structural change in the region containing the Q272 residue
- IR-A43 when IR-A43 binds to residue Q272, it can serve as a 'wedge' stabilizing insulin binding by fixing the position of the L2 domain in the active form (Fig. 6H). This may explain the mutual positive cooperation that occurs when insulin and IR-A43 bind to the insulin receptor.
- the IR-A43 aptamer of the present invention exhibits sensitizing properties and thus does not exhibit activity in the absence of insulin, and effectively improves insulin sensitivity and enhances IR signal in the presence of insulin.
- the Q272 residue in the CR domain of IR is important for the regulation of IR, and it was confirmed that the Q272 residue can play an important role in the hotspot for IR sensitization, IR-A43 is positive for the regulation of IR. It can be used as an allosteric modulator and can increase IR sensitivity by targeting the Q272 residue.
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Abstract
Description
Residue
Number |
Human | Mouse | Domain | Part |
158 | I | V | CR | Part 1 |
210 | S | K | ||
218 | Q | E | ||
236 | R | Q | ||
264 | H | F | Part 2 | |
267 | K | R | ||
271 | R | K | ||
272 | Q | P | ||
300 | L | M | ||
313 | H | Q | L2 | Part 3 |
314 | L | I | ||
367 | Y | F | ||
386 | R | H | ||
477 | Y | F | FnIII-1 | Part 4 |
538 | L | Q | ||
547 | N | S | ||
631 | F | Y | FnIII-2a + ID-α |
Part 5 |
665 | E | D | ||
676 | E | D | ||
680 | G | S | ||
726 | G | E | ID-β | Part 6 |
727 | D | E | ||
733 | V | A | ||
734 | A | T | ||
735 | V | T | ||
736 | P | L | ||
738 | V | L | ||
739 | A | P | ||
740 | A | D | ||
744 | T | V | ||
748 | S | I | ||
753 | P | Q | ||
790 | T | S | FnIII-2b + FnIII-3 |
Part 7 |
792 | E | D | ||
886 | I | V |
Claims (32)
- 하기의 일반식 1의 염기서열을 포함하는, 인슐린 수용체(insulin receptor) 특이적 압타머:[일반식 1]GCCYGYAYCCGCAGYAYCGGCAYYCAGCGAC (서열번호 1);여기서 상기 일반식 1의 Y는 독립적으로 C 또는 T이고,상기 Y 내 5' 탄소는 나프틸기 및 2-나프틸기로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 이상으로 치환된 것인, 압타머.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 Y는 나프틸기로 치환된 것인, 압타머.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 나프틸기는 Nap-dU(5-(N-1-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine)인 것인, 압타머.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 일반식 1의 염기서열은 이와 상동성이 90% 이상인 염기서열을 포함하는 것인, 압타머.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 압타머는 서열번호 22의 염기서열을 포함하는 것인, 압타머.
- 하기의 일반식 2의 염기서열을 포함하는, 인슐린 수용체 특이적 압타머:[일반식 2]GACYGYAYCCGCGGYAYCGGCAYYCAGCCAC (서열번호 2);여기서 상기 일반식 2의 Y는 독립적으로 C 또는 T이고,상기 Y 내 5' 탄소는 나프틸기 및 2-나프틸기로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 이상으로 치환된 것인, 압타머.
- 제6항에 있어서, 상기 Y는 나프틸기로 치환된 것인, 압타머.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 나프틸기는 Nap-dU(5-(N-1-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine)인 것인, 압타머.
- 제6항에 있어서, 상기 일반식 2의 염기서열은 이와 상동성이 90% 이상인 염기서열을 포함하는 것인, 압타머.
- 하기의 일반식 3의 염기서열을 포함하는, 인슐린 수용체 특이적 압타머:[일반식 3]GACWGWAWCCGCGGYAWCGGCAYYCAGCCAC (서열번호 20);여기서 상기 일반식 3의 Y 및 W는 독립적으로 C 또는 T이고,상기 Y 및 W 내 5' 탄소는 나프틸기 및 2-나프틸기로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 이상으로 치환되고,상기 일반식 3 내 어느 하나 이상의 A, C, T 및 G는 메톡시기 및 불소로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 이상의 작용기가 도입된 것인, 압타머.
- 제10항에 있어서, 상기 Y는 나프틸기로 치환된 것인, 압타머.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 나프틸기는 Nap-dU(5-(N-1-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine)인 것인, 압타머.
- 제10항에 있어서, 상기 W는 2-나프틸기로 치환된 것인, 압타머.
- 제13항에 있어서, 상기 나프틸기는 2-Nap-dU(5-(N-2-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine)인 것인, 압타머.
- 제10항에 있어서, 상기 A, C, T 및 G는 메톡시기 또는 불소가 도입된 것인, 압타머.
- 제10항에 있어서, 상기 일반식 3의 염기서열은 이와 상동성이 90% 이상인 염기서열을 포함하는 것인, 압타머.
- 제10항에 있어서, 상기 압타머는 서열번호 3 내지 서열번호 10으로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 이상의 염기서열을 포함하는 것인, 압타머.
- 하기의 일반식 4의 염기서열을 포함하는, 인슐린 수용체 특이적 압타머:[일반식 4]GACWGWAWCCGCGGYAWCGGCAYYCAGCCAC (서열번호 21);여기서 상기 일반식 4의 Y 및 W는 독립적으로 C 또는 T이고,상기 Y 및 W 내 5' 탄소는 나프틸기 및 2-나프틸기로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 이상으로 치환되고,상기 일반식 4 내 어느 하나 이상의 A, C, T 및 G는 메톡시기 및 불소로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 이상의 작용기가 도입된 것인, 압타머.
- 제18항에 있어서, 상기 Y는 나프틸기로 치환된 것인, 압타머.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 나프틸기는 Nap-dU(5-(N-1-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine)인 것인, 압타머.
- 제18항에 있어서, 상기 W는 2-나프틸기로 치환된 것인, 압타머.
- 제21항에 있어서, 상기 나프틸기는 2-Nap-dU(5-(N-2-naphthylmethylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine)인 것인, 압타머.
- 제18항에 있어서, 상기 A, C, T 및 G는 메톡시기 또는 불소가 도입된 것인, 압타머.
- 제18항에 있어서, 상기 일반식 4의 염기서열은 이와 상동성이 90% 이상인 염기서열을 포함하는 것인, 압타머.
- 제18항에 있어서, 상기 압타머는 서열번호 11 내지 서열번호 19로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 이상의 염기서열을 포함하는 것인, 압타머.
- 제1항 내지 제25항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 압타머는 인슐린 존재 하에서, 인슐린 수용체에 결합하여 이의 민감성을 증가시키는 것인, 압타머.
- 제1항 내지 제25항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 압타머는 인슐린 수용체의 시스테인 풍부(cysteine rich) 도메인에 결합하는 것인, 압타머.
- 제27항에 있어서, 상기 압타머의 시스테인 풍부 도메인 내 결합 위치는 인슐린 수용체를 이루는 서열번호 25의 아미노산 서열에서 272번째 위치에 상응하는 아미노산 잔기인 것인, 압타머.
- a) 인슐린 수용체와 시험물질을 접촉시키는 단계;b) 상기 시험물질이 인슐린 수용체에 결합하는 위치를 확인하는 단계; 및c) 상기 시험물질과 접촉한 상기 인슐린 수용체 및 상기 시험물질과 접촉하지 않은 대조군에서 상기 인슐린 수용체의 민감성 또는 하류 신호 전달 수준을 확인하는 단계;를 포함하는, 인슐린 수용체에 대한 양성 알로스테릭 모듈레이터(Positive allosteric modulators)의 스크리닝 방법으로써,상기 시험물질이 인슐린 수용체의 시스테인 풍부 도메인에 결합하고,상기 시험물질과 접촉한 상기 인슐린 수용체가 상기 대조군에 비해 인슐린 수용체의 민감성이 증가되거나 하류 신호 전달이 강화된 경우,상기 시험물질을 인슐린 수용체에 대한 양성 알로스테릭 모듈레이터 후보물질로 선별하는 단계를 포함하는,인슐린 수용체에 대한 양성 알로스테릭 모듈레이터의 스크리닝 방법.
- 제29항에 있어서, 상기 시험물질의 도메인 내 결합 위치는 인슐린 수용체를 이루는 서열번호 25의 아미노산 서열에서 272번째 위치에 상응하는 아미노산 잔기인 것인, 방법.
- 제29항에 있어서, 상기 시험물질은 압타머, 단백질, 펩타이드 및 화합물로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 이상인 것인, 방법.
- 인슐린 수용체의 시스테인 풍부 도메인으로써,상기 도메인은 제1항 내지 제28항 중 어느 한 항의 압타머가 결합하는 것으로 특정되는 것인, 인슐린 수용체의 시스테인 풍부 도메인.
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