WO2021201067A1 - 開口装置 - Google Patents
開口装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021201067A1 WO2021201067A1 PCT/JP2021/013752 JP2021013752W WO2021201067A1 WO 2021201067 A1 WO2021201067 A1 WO 2021201067A1 JP 2021013752 W JP2021013752 W JP 2021013752W WO 2021201067 A1 WO2021201067 A1 WO 2021201067A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- arm
- upper lid
- opening
- outer frame
- state
- Prior art date
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 28
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/01—Trap-doors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B5/00—Other devices for rescuing from fire
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/224—Stops
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
- E05Y2201/624—Arms
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an opening device having an opening through which a person can enter and exit.
- opening devices that allow people to enter and exit, such as entrances and exits and evacuation hatches used for emergency evacuation such as fires, are provided.
- the opening device is provided with an upper lid that closes the opening so that a person cannot fall or go in and out during normal times.
- an evacuation device to be installed in an opening device with an upper lid a rescue bag, a foldable ladder, and a vertical descent type elevator-like device are also being studied (see JP-A-2017-164543).
- an opening device as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-164543 is provided with an outer frame having an opening through which a person can enter and exit, and is usually provided with an upper lid for closing the opening.
- the upper lid is provided with a hinge that rotatably connects the upper lid to the outer frame on one side of the rectangular opening outer frame, and the veranda side of the upper lid on the opposite side of the hinge is lifted by hand. It is formed in a structure that opens the upper lid.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above problems, and the purpose of the present disclosure is to allow a person who intends to enter or exit the opening to open the upper lid without lifting the upper lid that closes the opening by himself / herself. It is to provide an opening device capable of.
- the opening device of the first aspect includes an outer frame having an opening through which a person can enter and exit, and an upper lid whose one end side is rotatably supported by the outer frame to close the opening.
- a lock mechanism that locks the upper lid to the outer frame with the opening closed, an operation unit that unlocks the lock mechanism, and the outer frame and the upper lid are connected to the outer side of the upper lid.
- the opening stop portion for stopping the opening with respect to the frame at the maximum opening angle and the urging means for rotating the upper lid in the opening direction when the lock of the lock mechanism is released by the operation of the operation portion are provided.
- the opening stop portion includes a first arm rotatably connected to the outer frame, a second arm rotatably connected to each of the first arm and the upper lid, and said.
- the first arm and the second arm are folded while the upper lid closes the opening, and the first arm and the second arm are extended as the upper lid rotates in the opening direction.
- the opening stop portion according to the first aspect includes a first arm and a second arm as described above, and the first arm and the second arm are folded in a state where the upper lid closes the opening. Is done. Therefore, the opening stop portion can be stored and arranged in a narrow space around the opening of the opening device.
- a lock mechanism for locking the upper lid to the outer frame with the opening closed and an operation unit for unlocking the lock mechanism are provided, and the lock of the lock mechanism is released by the operation of the operation unit. Then, the upper lid is rotated in the opening direction by the urging force of the urging means. As a result, the lock mechanism is unlocked by a person who intends to enter and exit the opening by operating the operation unit, and the upper lid is rotated and opened in the opening direction without the person lifting the upper lid by hand or the like. It becomes possible to make it.
- the opening device of the second aspect is the opening device of the first aspect, wherein the opening stop portion is either the first arm or the second arm when the upper lid is opened to the maximum opening angle. It is provided with a stopper that abuts on one side and regulates further rotation of the arm.
- the stopper when the upper lid is opened to the maximum opening angle, the stopper abuts on either one of the first arm and the second arm to further rotate the arm. Regulate movement. As a result, the rotation of either the first arm or the second arm is restricted, and the rotation of the arm is restricted, so that the opening of the upper lid connected to the arm is stopped. As a result, the opening is stopped when the upper lid is opened to the maximum opening angle.
- the opening device of the third aspect is the opening device of the first or second aspect, and the opening stop portion is the first opening device by the urging means when the upper lid is opened by a predetermined angle or more. It has a damping means for suppressing the extension speed of the arm and the second arm.
- the third aspect when the upper lid is opened by the urging means for rotating the upper lid, it is possible to suppress an increase in the rotation speed of the upper lid as the opening angle of the upper lid increases.
- the largest force is usually required when the upper lid is first lifted. Then, as the upper lid approaches the vertical state, it can be opened with a small force without requiring a particularly large force.
- the urging force that urges the upper lid in the opening direction is approximately constant regardless of the opening angle of the upper lid. Therefore, as the upper lid approaches the vertical state, the rotation speed of the upper lid increases as the opening angle increases. Will increase.
- the opening stop portion has a damping means for suppressing the rotation speed of the upper lid by the urging means in a state where the upper lid is opened by a predetermined opening angle or more. This makes it possible to suppress the impact when the upper lid is opened to the maximum opening angle.
- the opening device of the fourth aspect is provided on either one of the first arm and the second arm, and one end of the damping means is rotatably attached to the first arm.
- the upper lid is provided with a connecting portion and a second connecting portion provided on either one of the first arm and the second arm and rotatably and slidably connecting the other end of the damping means.
- the damping means slides on the second connecting portion, so that the extension speed is not regulated. Further, the extension speed of the first arm and the second arm is suppressed in a state where the first arm and the second arm are opened at a predetermined opening angle or more described above. This makes it possible to suppress the opening speed of the upper lid by the urging means when the angle is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned predetermined angle.
- the opening device of the fifth aspect is the connection between the first arm and the second arm in any one of the first to fourth opening devices when the upper lid is rotated to the maximum opening angle.
- the third axis provided in the portion is the virtual line connecting the first axis on the outer frame side of the first arm and the second axis provided on the upper lid side of the second arm.
- the first arm and the second arm are provided on the opposite side of the folded side.
- the first arm and the second arm are brought together. Since it is set on the opposite side of the folding direction, the opening stop portion can be easily folded. As a result, it becomes easy to change from the state in which the upper lid is opened to the maximum opening angle to the state in which the opening is closed again.
- the opening device of the sixth aspect is the opening device of the second aspect, further, one of the first arm and the second arm is made of another urging means, and the opening angle of the upper lid Is less than a predetermined angle, both the urging means and the other urging means rotate the top lid in the opening direction.
- either the first arm or the second arm of the opening stop portion is separated from the "other urging means".
- the urging force for urging the upper lid in the opening direction is obtained by two urging means, that is, "an urging means” and “another urging means”. Attempting to achieve with one urging means to obtain the urging force requires a large urging means to generate a large urging force.
- the two urging means are opened by utilizing the urging forces of both of the two urging means. After that, when the upper lid is opened to a certain extent and a state that does not require such a large urging force is reached, the upper lid is maximized by opening it with only one of the two urging means. It is possible to suppress the impact when opening to the opening angle.
- the opening device of the seventh aspect is the opening device of the second or sixth aspect, in which the stopper rotates the upper lid in the opening direction with respect to either the first arm or the second arm. When moving, the first arm and the second arm are pressed in a folding direction.
- the stopper presses the second arm in the direction of folding the first arm and the second arm by the reaction force against the urging force that rotates the upper lid of the urging means in the opening direction. It becomes possible to do something like that.
- the opening device of the eighth aspect is an evacuation device (specifically, for example, a folding ladder or a rescue bag) in which all or a part of the opening device is housed in the outer frame in any one of the first to seventh opening devices. Etc.).
- the evacuation device is provided in which the whole or a part is housed in the outer frame.
- FIG. 4A is a partially enlarged plan view showing an enlarged opening stop portion in FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 5 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of the opening device according to the first embodiment in a state immediately before the front wheel of the wheelchair steps on the pedal. It is a partial vertical sectional view of the opening device which concerns on 1st Embodiment, in the state which the front wheel of a wheelchair is stepping on a pedal.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of a link lever before the front wheel of a wheelchair steps on a pedal in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of a link lever in a state where the front wheel of a wheelchair is stepping on a pedal in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a partial vertical sectional view of a locked state of a locking mechanism before the front wheel of a wheelchair steps on a pedal in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a partial vertical sectional view of a lock mechanism in a state where the front wheel of a wheelchair is stepping on a pedal in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a partial vertical sectional view of a locking mechanism in a state where the front wheels are separated from the upper lid in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a partial vertical sectional view of a lock mechanism in a state where the upper lid is open in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a partial vertical sectional view of a lock mechanism in a state where the upper lid is closed in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- It is a partial vertical sectional view of the lock mechanism in the state which the upper lid is locked in the opening device which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a partial vertical sectional view of a lock mechanism in a state where the upper lid is open in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a partial vertical sectional view of a lock mechanism in a state where the upper lid is closed in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- It is a partial vertical
- FIG. 5 is a partial vertical sectional view of a lock mechanism in a state in which only one pedal is operated and the displacement of the operating portion is halved in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a state in which neither of the two pedals is operated, the operating portion does not jump up, and the lock mechanism is locked in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which two pedals are operated to cause the operating portion to jump up and the lock mechanism is unlocked in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing a locking mechanism in a state in which only one pedal is operated and the displacement of the operating portion is halved in the opening device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 30 is a partially enlarged view of the opening stop portion shown in FIG.
- the opening device 8 according to the first embodiment and the evacuation device 11 provided in the opening device 8 are used in an emergency from the corridor or veranda on the upper floor to the corridor or veranda on the lower floor. It is used to evacuate to.
- the opening device 8 has an outer frame 100 that is fitted and fixed to the floor base 2 on the upper floor side to form an opening 3 for evacuation.
- the evacuation device 11 includes a guide column 1 which is erected on the floor surface 4 of the lower floor and whose upper end is fixed to the outer frame 100, and an evacuation platform 5 (see FIGS. 2 and 3). have.
- the evacuation platform 5 is driven up and down between a standby position held in the outer frame 100 for evacuation and an evacuation position where the evacuation platform 5 descends from this standby position along the guide column 1 and lands on the lower floor surface 4.
- NS The evacuation device 11 according to the first embodiment includes a guide column 1 which is erected on the floor surface 4 of the lower floor and whose upper end is fixed to the outer frame 100, and an evacuation platform 5 (see FIGS. 2 and 3). have.
- the evacuation platform 5 is driven up and down between a standby position held in the outer frame 100 for evacuation and an evacuation position where the evacuation platform 5 descends from this standby position along the guide column 1 and lands on the lower floor surface 4.
- the guide support column 1 is a hollow pipe body having an appropriate buckling strength, and is formed by, for example, extruding aluminum.
- the lower end of the guide support 1 is fixed to the floor base 2 on the lower floor, and the upper end is fixed to the outer frame 100. Further, a rack groove 15 is formed on one side wall surface of the guide column 1.
- the outer frame 100 is provided with an upper lid 110 whose one end side is rotatably supported by the outer frame 100 and can close the opening 3.
- the upper lid 110 constitutes an opening device 8 capable of opening and closing the opening 3 by a predetermined mechanism described later, and the contents of the opening device 8 will be described in detail later.
- the lock mechanism 200 for locking the upper lid 110 to the outer frame 100 while the opening 3 is closed is provided. The contents of the lock mechanism 200 will also be described in detail later.
- a weight suspended by a predetermined wire is housed in the hollow portion of the guide support column 1.
- the end of the wire opposite to the fixed end to the weight is connected to the elevating table 5, and a pulley is arranged between the weight and the fixed end to the elevating table 5.
- the weight is set to a weight that allows the elevating platform 5 when the user is not on board to be pulled up, and when the user gets off the elevating platform 5 after reaching the lower floor, the weight of the weight increases.
- the lift 5 is formed so as to return to the standby position.
- the elevating platform 5 is provided with a support opening 5a (see FIG. 3) through which the guide support 1 is inserted.
- the strut insertion opening 5a is formed on each of the adjacent edge 7 sides adjacent to both outer sides of the boarding edge 6 which serves as a boarding port when the evacuees get on the elevator 5 in the standby position.
- the support column insertion openings 5a are formed at positions at equal intervals from the boarding edge 6, and two guide columns 1 are erected at opposite positions corresponding to the support column insertion openings 5a.
- a pinion 13 or the like is arranged around the column insertion opening 5a.
- the pinion 13 meshes with the rack groove 15 of the guide column 1. It should be noted that a device that operates by rotating the pinion 13 using the centrifugal brake to limit the rotation speed may be provided.
- a wheel guide groove 17 (see FIG. 3) for guiding the wheel 16a and the front wheel 16b of the wheelchair 16 is recessed on the surface of the lift 5 so that the wheelchair 16 can use the wheelchair 16.
- the wheel guide groove 17 is formed over almost the entire length from the boarding edge 6 of the elevating platform 5 to the back side edge 7a, and the wheelchair 16 can be boarded on the elevating platform 5 after riding from the boarding edge 6. This is done by moving it in the direction of the side edge 7a.
- the wheel guide groove 17 is formed with an inclined surface 20 reaching the boarding edge 6 with a start end 19 at a position separated from the boarding edge 6 by a predetermined interval, and is formed on the lower floor. After evacuating to, the wheelchair 16 is formed so as to prevent the occurrence of a step when the wheelchair 16 is retracted and descends to the floor surface 4 on the lower floor.
- the slope member 18 is mounted on the outer frame 100 via the slope control body 25.
- a handrail body 26 is attached to the lift 5.
- the handrail body 26 has a horizontal rod 26a and a vertical rod 26b extending in a direction perpendicular to both ends of the horizontal rod 26a, and is formed in a U shape.
- the free end is rotatably connected to the vicinity of the rear edge 7a of the elevating table 5.
- This handrail body 26 is always urged to the use posture side by a spring. At the time of use, it is formed so as to shift to the upright posture without any particular operation (by opening the upper lid 110).
- the evacuation device 11 is provided with a stopper device for holding the elevating platform 5 in the standby position
- the horizontal rod 26a of the handrail body 26 is provided with a manual release operation unit 29 for manually releasing the stopper device. Is placed. Therefore, when the elevating table 5 is in the standby position, the descent of the elevating table 5 is regulated via the stopper device. By manually operating the manual release operation unit 29 from this state, the stopper device is manually released, and the elevating platform 5 starts descending.
- the opening device 8 has an outer frame 100 having an opening 3 through which a person can enter and exit, and an opening 3 whose one end side is rotatably supported by the outer frame 100.
- An opening stop portion 150 that connects the outer frame 100 and the upper lid 110 and stops the opening of the upper lid 110 at the maximum opening angle (specifically, 90 °), and an urging means 140 that urges the upper lid 110 in the opening direction. And have. Then, the opening stop portion 150 includes a first arm 160 rotatably connected to the outer frame 100, and a second arm 170 rotatably connected to each of the first arm 160 and the upper lid 110. And have. Then, when the upper lid 110 is closed, the first arm 160 and the second arm 170 are formed so as to be folded, and when the lock of the lock mechanism 200 is released by the operation of the operation unit 120, the urging means 140, etc. The upper lid 110 is formed so as to be opened by the urging means 145.
- FIG. 4A is a plan view of the upper lid 110
- FIG. 4B is a partially enlarged plan view of the upper lid 110.
- the upper lid 110 has a lower height on the left side and a lower height on the right side. It is formed high.
- the end edge side of the upper lid 110 on the higher side is rotatably supported by the outer frame 100 via the rotation shaft 112.
- the outer frame 100 is integrally formed with the case 21.
- the upper lid 110 according to the present embodiment is formed so as to be rotatable up to 90 ° (maximum opening angle) with respect to the outer frame 100 as described later.
- a lock mechanism 200 for locking the upper lid 110 to the outer frame 100 with the opening 3 closed is provided at the lower edge of the upper lid 110 on the left side of FIG. 5 on the lower side.
- two pedals 130 as an operation unit 120 for releasing the lock of the lock mechanism 200 are provided side by side along the left edge side of the upper lid 110.
- the two pedals 130 are formed so as to match the distance between the two front wheels 16b of a general wheelchair 16, and as shown in FIG. 9, the pedals 130 are the left and right front wheels 16b of the wheelchair 16 from the left side. It is formed so that it can be operated by stepping on the end of the wheelchair from above.
- a stepped portion 111 which is rectangular in a plan view and is slightly recessed from the periphery is formed.
- thin plate-shaped connecting brackets 113 are fixed to both ends of the upper lid 110, and the urging means 140 and the second arm 170 are connected to the connecting brackets 113.
- a stopper 180 which will be described later, is also provided on the connection bracket 113.
- an urging means 140 for connecting the outer frame 100 and the rotating shaft 112 side of the upper lid 110 is provided on the edge side where the rotating shaft 112 of the upper lid 110 is provided. It is provided.
- the urging means 140 is a gas spring, and exerts an urging force in a direction of pushing out the piston rod 142 in the cylinder 141 by the pressure of the gas filled therein.
- the opening stop portion 150 is provided which connects the outer frame 100 and the vicinity of the rotation shaft 112 side of the upper lid 110 and stops the opening of the upper lid 110 at the maximum opening angle.
- the opening stop portion 150 includes a first arm 160 rotatably connected to the outer frame 100 and a second arm 170 rotatably connected to each of the first arm 160 and the upper lid 110. It has.
- the first arm 160 is composed of "another urging means 145" different from the urging means 140 described above.
- the other urging means 145 is also a gas spring like the urging means 140 described above, and exerts an urging force in a direction of pushing out the piston rod 147 in the cylinder 146 by the pressure of the gas filled inside.
- the second arm 170 is not an urging means but a rod-shaped member having a substantially U-shaped cross section.
- the end of the piston rod 142 of the urging means 140 is rotatably connected to the connection bracket 113, and the end of the cylinder 141 of the urging means 140 is rotatably connected to the outer frame 100.
- One end of the first arm 160 is rotatably connected to the outer frame 100 by the first axis C, and the other end of the first arm 160 is rotatably connected to one end of the second arm 170 by the third axis E.
- the other end of the second arm 170 is rotatably connected to the connecting bracket 113 by the second axis D.
- the first arm 160 is made of another urging means 145 and the second arm 170 is made of a rod-shaped member.
- the second arm 170 can be formed by another urging means 145
- the first arm 160 can be formed by a rod-shaped member.
- the stopper 180 may be provided on the outer frame 100 so as to come into contact with the first arm 160.
- the upper lid 110 is horizontally opened in the opening 3 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) and the elevating table 5.
- a lock mechanism 200 is formed to lock the upper lid 110 to the outer frame 100 while the upper part is closed.
- the lock mechanism 200 is unlocked. The contents of the locking mechanism will be described in detail later.
- the lock mechanism 200 is unlocked, the upper lid 110 in the horizontal state as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is attached with both the urging means 140 and the other urging means 145 as the first arm 160.
- the force specifically, the force in the direction in which the upper lid 110 is opened by the urging force of a total of four urging means (two urging means 140 and two other urging means 145) on the left and right.
- the upper lid 110 rotates in the direction in which the upper lid 110 is opened, with the rotation shaft 112 as the center of rotation.
- the upper lid 110 is approximately 70 ° (specifically, for example, 66 °, hereinafter, “half-open angle” in the present embodiment as an example of a predetermined angle with respect to the outer frame 100 (horizontal direction).
- the rotation angle of () is released, the other urging means 145 as the first arm 160 is in a state where the piston rod 147 is fully extended from the cylinder 146, and the piston rod 147 is further extended from the cylinder 146. It is in a state where it does not extend from the inside to the outside of 146. Therefore, after the fully extended state, the urging force is not generated from the other urging means 145 as the first arm 160.
- the first arm 160 is another urging means 145 that extends the piston rod 147 to the maximum operating length as a gas spring. Then, the second arm 170 during the extension of the other urging means 145 abuts on the stopper 180 at the point B shown in FIG. 7, and is pressed against the other urging means 145 in the folding direction. .. The first arm 160 is in contact with the stopper 180 at the point B until the piston rod 147 is extended to the maximum operating length, that is, during the time shown in FIGS. 6 to 7.
- the stopper 180 It is possible to maintain the maximum opening angle by abutting at point A shown in FIG. That is, the stopper 180 comes into contact with the point A of the second arm 170 when the upper lid 110 is opened to the maximum opening angle to regulate further rotation.
- the upper lid 110 is opened from the horizontal state by a half opening angle and then the upper lid 110 is to be further opened, the upper lid 110 is further opened by the urging force of the urging means 140. Become.
- the piston rod 147 Since the first arm 160 is fully extended, the piston rod 147 does not protrude outward any more, but the second arm 170 is connected to the tip end side of the first arm 160. Rotates with respect to the first arm 160, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. This makes it possible to further open the upper lid 110.
- the upper lid 110 when the upper lid 110 is opened at a semi-opening angle as described above and then further opened, as shown in FIG. 8, the upper lid 110 is opened to the maximum opening angle with respect to the outer frame 100.
- a stopper 180 is formed on the upper lid 110 so as to abut the opening stop portion 150 (specifically, the second arm 170) so that the upper lid 110 does not open any more.
- the second arm 170 is the second arm when the angle at which the upper lid 110 opens with respect to the outer frame 100 does not reach the maximum opening angle (90 °) when the other urging means 145 is fully extended.
- the 170 rotates with respect to the upper lid 110 and comes into contact with the stopper 180, the upper lid 110 is opened up to the maximum opening angle (90 °).
- the stopper 180 comes into contact with the side end A of the second arm 170, so that the upper lid 110 is further opened.
- the first arm 160 urges the second arm 170, and the side end of the urged second arm 170. B comes into contact with the stopper 180.
- the urging force of the other urging means 145 as the first arm 160 is transmitted to the upper lid 110.
- the rotation angle of the upper lid 110 is from the half-open angle (FIG. 7) to 90 ° (FIG. 8)
- the side end of the arm 170 and the stopper 180 are formed so as not to come into contact with each other.
- the opening stop portion 150 is a second arm 160 rotatably connected to the outer frame 100, and a second arm 160 rotatably connected to each of the first arm 160 and the upper lid 110. It is equipped with an arm 170.
- the opening stop portion 150 is formed so that the first arm 160 and the second arm 170 are folded when the upper lid 110 is closed. As a result, the opening stop portion 150 can be stored and arranged in a narrow space around the opening of the opening device 8.
- a lock mechanism 200 that locks the upper lid 110 to the outer frame 100 with the opening 3 closed, and a pedal 130 and a link mechanism 210 as an operation unit 120 that unlocks the lock mechanism 200 are provided. I have. Then, when the lock of the lock mechanism 200 is released by the operation of the operation unit 120, the upper lid 110 is formed so as to be opened by the urging force of the urging means (the urging means 140 and the other urging means 145). As a result, a person who intends to enter or exit the opening 3 operates the operation unit 120 (including stepping on the pedal 130 with the front wheel 16b of the wheelchair 16) to unlock the lock mechanism 200, and the person can operate the operation unit 120. It is possible to open the upper lid 110 without lifting the upper lid 110 by oneself or the like.
- the upper lid 110 can be opened. Through the opened opening 3, it is possible to smoothly enter and exit downstairs and the like. As a result, the upper lid 110 can be easily opened even in an emergency such as a fire, and evacuation in an emergency can be facilitated.
- the first arm 160 of the opening stop portion 150 is composed of "another urging means 145". That is, the urging force that urges the upper lid 110 in the opening direction is obtained by two urging means, that is, “the urging means 140" and “another urging means 145". Attempting to achieve with one urging means to obtain the urging force requires a large urging means that generates a large urging force, whereas an urging means that generates a smaller urging force is required. By providing two, it is possible to acquire the necessary urging force. In general, a general-purpose product can be used as the urging means for generating a small urging force.
- the upper lid 110 that closes the opening 3 opened in the floor or the like in a horizontal state from above is rotatably connected by a hinge or the like, the upper lid 110 is rotated by rotating the rotation shaft 112 such as the hinge.
- the weight of the upper lid 110 is usually applied when the upper lid 110 is rotated as the center to be lifted, so that the largest force is required. ..
- the upper lid 110 is opened to a certain angle, for example, to the vicinity where the upper lid 110 has a semi-opening angle as described above, after that, it can be opened with a small force without requiring a particularly large force. ..
- the upper lid 110 that closes the two urging means (the urging means 140 and the other urging means 145) having a small urging force in a horizontal state in a horizontal state has a predetermined angle (semi-opening angle). If it is less than, use both of these urging forces to release it. After that, when the upper lid 110 is opened to a predetermined angle (semi-opening angle) and does not require a large urging force, it is opened only by one of the urging means 140 or the other urging means 145. Let me. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the impact when the upper lid 110 is opened to the maximum opening angle.
- the second arm 170 has a case where the angle at which the upper lid 110 opens with respect to the outer frame 100 does not reach the maximum opening angle (90 °) when the other urging means 145 is fully extended.
- the second arm 170 is formed so as to rotate with respect to the upper lid 110 and further open the upper lid 110 to the maximum opening angle.
- the upper lid 110 When the angle at which the upper lid 110 opens with respect to the outer frame 100 does not reach the maximum opening angle (90 °) when the other urging means 145 is fully extended, the upper lid 110 opens with respect to the outer frame 100. It is in a state of having an angle (room). In this state, the upper lid 110 is urged and rotated in the opening direction by the urging force of the “urging means 140”. At that time, the second arm 170 is pulled by the first arm 160 (other urging means 145) because the "other urging means 145" of the first arm 160 is in a fully extended state. The second arm 170 rotates with respect to the upper lid 110.
- the second arm 170 comes into contact with the stopper 180 so that the upper lid 110 does not open any more, so that the second arm The rotation of the 170 is stopped, and the rotation of the second arm 170 is stopped, so that the opening of the upper lid 110 connected to the second arm 170 is stopped.
- the opening is stopped when the upper lid 110 is opened to the maximum opening angle (90 °).
- a first axis C which is a connecting portion between the first arm 160 and the outer frame 100
- a second axis D which is a connecting portion between the second arm 170 and the connecting bracket 113
- a first arm 160 and a second arm The third axis E, which is the connecting portion with the arm 170 of the above, is not aligned in a straight line even when the upper lid 110 is opened to the maximum opening angle. That is, the third axis E is a virtual line connecting the first axis C provided on the outer frame 100 side of the first arm 160 and the second axis D provided on the upper lid 110 side of the second arm 170.
- the first arm 160 and the second arm 170 are provided on the opposite side of the folded side (in the present embodiment, the side closer to the rotation shaft 112 side of the upper lid 110).
- the pedal 130 and the link mechanism 210 are provided as the operation unit 120 for unlocking the lock mechanism 200 by operation.
- the link mechanism 210 is formed so as to connect the two pedals 130 and the lock mechanism 200 and to prevent the lock mechanism 200 from being unlocked unless the two pedals 130 are operated together. ing.
- the pedal 130 has a pedal shaft 134 extending in the horizontal direction as a rotation shaft.
- a link bar 132 that rotationally moves around the pedal shaft 134 (see FIG. 13) together with the pedal 130 is formed on the edge side of the pedal shaft 134 in the horizontal direction.
- One end of the link bar 132 is connected to one end of the link lever 220, which will be described later.
- the link lever 220 corresponds to the "interlocking portion".
- the link mechanism 210 is provided for each of the two pedals 130 described above, and for each of the link bar 132 and the two pedals 130 that rotate around each pedal shaft 134.
- a link lever 220 provided and operated via a link bar 132 in response to an operation of the pedal 130, and a link lever 220 connected to the other end side of each link lever 220 on both ends to operate the pedals 130 on both sides. It includes a rod-shaped (bar-shaped) operating portion 230 that unlocks the lock mechanism 200 when a fixed amount of movement is performed.
- link bars 132 and link levers 220 are provided on the left and right pedals 130, and both ends of the operating portion 230 are connected by the left and right link levers 220, near the center of the operating portion 230.
- a lock mechanism 200 is provided.
- the link bar 132 is located at substantially the same height as the shaft 222 (see FIG. 14).
- the link lever 220 that rotates about the shaft 222 is in a downward-sloping state as shown in FIG. 14, and the end portion of the link lever 220 on the side to which the operating portion 230 is connected is lowered downward. It becomes the position. Therefore, in this state, as shown in FIG. 24, the operating portion 230 is also lowered.
- the lock mechanism 200 is provided on the locking portion 242 that can be locked to a part of the outer frame 100 (specifically, the lock bar 101) and the upper lid 110, and is provided on the upper lid 110 to the outer frame 100 of the locking portion 242.
- a lock member (first lock cam 240) that can switch between a locked state for maintaining locking and an unlocked state for unlocking the locking portion 242 to the outer frame 100 is provided.
- the lock mechanism 200 is a first switch capable of switching between a lock holding state for maintaining the locked state of the lock member 240 and an unlocked state for maintaining the unlocked state of the lock member 240 with the operation of the link mechanism 210. It is equipped with state maintenance means.
- the first state maintaining means 252 has a blocking state that prevents the rotation of the first lock cam 240 in the locked state, and a permissible state that allows the rotation of the first lock cam 240 with the operation of the link mechanism 210. It has a second lock cam 250 that is rotatable between them.
- the lock mechanism 200 includes a second state maintenance means 262 that maintains the unlock maintenance state regardless of the operation of the link mechanism 210 when the first state maintenance means 252 is switched to the unlock maintenance state.
- the second state maintaining means 262 has a third lock cam 260 that prevents the second lock cam 250 from returning to the blocked state when the second lock cam 250 is rotated from the blocked state to the allowable state.
- the lock mechanism 200 will be described in detail.
- the above-mentioned lock bar 101 is a part of the outer frame 100 and is formed in the shape of a cylindrical rod protruding horizontally from the outer frame 100.
- the first lock cam 240 includes a concave groove-shaped locking portion 242 capable of locking the lock bar 101 provided on the outer frame 100. Further, the first lock cam 240 is rotatably formed with the shaft 241 as the center of rotation, and is rotated counterclockwise by a tension spring 244 in which one end is connected to the second lock cam 250 described above. Being urged in the direction.
- the first lock cam 240 has a protrusion 245 that is inserted into a square recess 264 described later of the third lock cam 260 as the second state maintaining means 262 described above. By inserting the protrusion 245 into the square recess 264, it is possible to operate the third lock cam 260 as the second state maintaining means 262. Further, the first lock cam 240 is locked to the concave portion 253 of the second lock cam 250 as the first state maintaining means 252, and a convex portion 243 that regulates the rotation of the first lock cam 240 is formed. There is.
- the second lock cam 250 as the first state maintaining means 252 is rotatably formed with the shaft 251 as the center of rotation, and the convex portion 243 of the first lock cam 240 is locked to lock the first lock cam 250. It has a recess 253 for restricting the rotation of 240 and maintaining the locked state.
- the second lock cam 250 has a square convex portion 254 that projects forward to the outer peripheral portion and regulates the rotation of the third lock cam. Further, the second lock cam 250 is formed by being flipped upward as the operating portion 230 moves upward, and a flip-up piece 255 for rotating the second lock cam 250 is projected rearward.
- the third lock cam 260 as the second state maintaining means 262 is rotatably formed with the shaft 261 as the center of rotation, and is urged by the torsion spring 263 in the counterclockwise rotation direction of FIG. There is. Further, the third lock cam 260 is formed with a square recess 264 in which the protrusion 245 of the first lock cam 240 is inserted.
- FIG. 16 shows the locked state of the locking mechanism 200.
- a force for opening the upper lid 110 in the horizontal state acts by the urging force of the urging means 140 and the other urging means 145 described in the opening device 8 described above.
- the upper lid 110 is attempted to be opened. Due to the force, the upper lid 110 moves in the opening direction, and the first lock cam 240 tries to rotate in the counterclockwise rotation direction of FIG. However, the convex portion 243 of the first lock cam 240 is locked to the concave portion 253 of the second lock cam 250, and the rotation of the first lock cam 240 in the counterclockwise rotation direction is restricted. Therefore, the lock bar 101 is maintained in the locked state by the locking portion 242. As a result, the locked state of the locking mechanism 200 is maintained.
- the flip-up piece 255 of the second lock cam 250 as the first state maintaining means 252 is also flipped up, and the second lock cam 250 rotates in the counterclockwise rotation direction of FIG. Then, the convex portion 243 of the first lock cam 240 comes off from the concave portion 253 of the second lock cam 250, and the first lock cam 240 becomes rotatable in the counterclockwise rotation direction.
- the convex portion 243 of the first lock cam 240 is maintained in a state of not being locked by the concave portion 253 of the second lock cam 250, the rotation of the first lock cam 240 is not restricted, and the state is freely rotatable. maintain. Therefore, the first lock cam 240 rotates in the counterclockwise rotation direction as shown in FIG. 19 by being dragged by the lock bar 101 when the upper lid 110 is opened and under the tension of the tension spring 244. Then, as the first lock cam 240 rotates, the lock bar 101 is disengaged from the inside of the locking portion 242, and the upper lid 110 is completely opened (lifted).
- the protrusion 245 rotates the third lock cam 260 in the clockwise direction.
- the restriction on the clockwise rotation of the second lock cam 250 by the third lock cam 260 is released.
- the convex portion 243 of the first lock cam 240 abuts on the outer peripheral portion of the second lock cam 250, the restriction on the clockwise rotation of the second lock cam 250 is maintained.
- FIG. 22 is a front view of the operating unit 230 in a state where two pedals 130 are operated (two-dot chain line) and a state in which only one pedal (specifically, the left pedal) is operated (solid line). Is.
- the state shown by the solid line in FIG. 22 is the state in which only the pedal 130 on the left side is operated, and specifically, the state shown in FIGS. 23 and 26.
- the operating unit 230 is in a state as shown by the solid line in FIG. 22.
- the moving distance of the operating unit 230 upward is about half the distance L when both pedals 130 are operated, which is a distance L / 2, and the lock state of the lock mechanism 200 is locked. It becomes half L / 2 of the predetermined amount of movement distance L required for releasing.
- the operating portion 230 is flipped up, that is, the upward movement distance is halved and insufficient, and the flip-up piece 255 cannot be flipped up until it can be unlocked. ..
- the present embodiment is a mechanism in which the locked state of the lock mechanism 200 is not released unless the left and right pedals 130 are operated together, and malfunction can be prevented.
- the lock mechanism 200 is operated by stepping on the pedal 130 with a foot or by stepping on the front wheel 16b of the wheelchair 16 via a link mechanism 210 connecting the pedal 130 and the lock mechanism 200. Can be unlocked. Then, when the lock of the lock mechanism 200 is released, the upper lid 110 can be opened in the opening direction by the urging force of the urging means (the urging means 140 and the other urging means 145).
- the lock mechanism 200 is formed so that the lock is not released unless the two pedals 130 are operated together. Therefore, even if one pedal 130 is operated by a mischief of an infant or the like, or if one foot accidentally steps on one pedal 130, the lock mechanism 200 is not unlocked. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of mischief and malfunction of infants and the like, and it is possible to prevent the upper lid 110 from being accidentally opened.
- the lock mechanism 200 can be easily unlocked and the upper lid can be unlocked.
- the 110 can be opened in the opening direction. As a result, evacuation in an emergency such as a fire or an earthquake can be easily performed only by the user of the wheelchair 16 without an assistant.
- the locking portion 242 provided on the upper lid 110 locks the lock bar 101 provided on the outer frame 100, so that the upper lid 110 can be separated from the outer frame 100.
- the lock mechanism 200 is locked.
- the locking portion 242 provided on the upper lid 110 does not lock the lock bar 101, so that the upper lid 110 can be separated from the outer frame 100, and the locking mechanism 200 can be separated from the outer frame 100.
- the lock is released. Further, the lock mechanism 200 can maintain the locked state by the first state maintaining means 252 maintaining the locked state.
- the second state maintaining means 262 prevents the second lock cam from returning to the blocking state regardless of the operating position of the pedal 130.
- the locked state is locked again. It is possible to prevent the lock mechanism 200 from returning to the locked state by shifting to the state.
- the first lock cam 240 has a locking portion 242 capable of locking a part of the outer frame 100, and by rotating, the locking portion 242 is locked and unlocked. Can be changed.
- the second lock cam 250 as the first state maintaining means 252 locks the locking portion 242 by setting the locking portion 242 in a blocking state that prevents the rotation of the first lock cam 240 in the initial state, and the second lock cam 250.
- the first lock cam 240 can be rotated by rotating the lock cam 250.
- the rotatable third lock cam 260 as the second state maintaining means 262 shifts to the blocking state of the second lock cam 250 when the second lock cam 250 is rotated from the blocking state to the permissible state. Prevent the return.
- the evacuation device 11 having the opening device 8 according to the first embodiment can be applied not only to the wheelchair 16 as described above, but also to a stretcher used for a person who has difficulty in moving in the wheelchair 16.
- FIG. 27 is a perspective view of the opening stop portion 450 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 27, in the second embodiment, the shapes of the first arm 460, the second arm 470, and the stopper 480 in the opening stop portion 450 are changed from the first embodiment.
- the first arm 460 is a member in which both ends in the longitudinal direction are rotatably connected to the outer frame 100 and the second arm 470 described later, respectively.
- the first arm 460 is formed of a rod-shaped member having a substantially U-shaped cross section, which has a pair of side walls 460A and a top plate 460B connecting the ends of the pair of side walls 460A (see FIG. 27).
- the first arm 460 is rotatably connected to the outer frame 100 by the first axis C, and rotatably connected to the second arm 470 by the third axis E.
- a first connecting portion 346 for rotatably fixing the first shaft pin 353 attached to the end of the damping means 350 on the piston rod 354 side is provided. ing.
- the second arm 470 is a member in which both ends in the longitudinal direction are rotatably connected to the connection bracket 113 and the first arm 460, respectively.
- the second arm 470 is formed of a rod-shaped member having a substantially U-shaped cross section, which has a pair of side walls 470A and a top plate 470B connecting the ends of the pair of side walls 470A (see FIG. 27).
- the second arm 470 is rotatably connected to the first arm 460 by the third axis E, and is rotatably connected to the connection bracket 113 from the second axis D.
- the second arm 470 is provided with a second connecting portion 342.
- the second connecting portion 342 has a guide portion 344 to which the second shaft pin 355 attached to the end of the damping means 350 on the cylinder 352 side is rotatably and slidably connected.
- the guide portion 344 is, for example, an elongated hole along the longitudinal direction of the second arm 470.
- the second connecting portion 342 may be formed integrally with the second arm 470, or may be provided as a separate body.
- the distance between the pair of side wall 470A is set wider than the width of the first arm 460. Therefore, in the present embodiment, when the first arm 460 is pivotally supported with respect to the second arm 470 in the third axis E, it is housed inside the second arm 470.
- the opening stop portion 450 of the opening device 8 has a damping means 350.
- the damping means 350 is, for example, an oil damper having a cylinder 352 and a piston rod 354.
- the damping means 350 can be expanded and contracted in the longitudinal direction, specifically, the piston rod 354 can be expanded and contracted with respect to the cylinder 352.
- the first shaft pin 353 attached to the end on the piston rod 354 side corresponds to "one end of the damping means”
- the second shaft pin 355 attached to the end on the cylinder 352 side corresponds to "the other end of the damping means”. Corresponds to.
- the damping means 350 generates a resistance force that suppresses the expansion and contraction of the piston rod 354 at least when the piston rod 354 expands and contracts.
- the first shaft pin 353 is attached to the end on the piston rod 354 side, and the second shaft pin 355 is attached to the end on the cylinder 352 side.
- the “other end of the means” is not limited to this.
- the first shaft pin 353 and the second shaft pin 355 may be integrally formed with the damping means 350, respectively.
- the end portion of the top plate 470B of the second arm 470 on the first arm 460 side extends from the third axis E to the first arm 460 side.
- the top plate 460B of the first arm 460 hits the top plate 470B of the second arm 470 in the state where the first arm 460 and the second arm 470 are most open. Upon contact, it functions as a stopper 480.
- the second arm 470 when the distance between the pair of side wall 460A is set wider than the width of the second arm 470, that is, the second arm 470 is the first arm 460 on the third axis E. It may be axially supported with respect to.
- the second arm 470 is housed inside the first arm 460, and the top plate 470B of the second arm 470 abuts on the top plate 460B of the first arm 460 to function as a stopper 480. It may be set to.
- the upper lid 110 exerts an urging force on the piston rod 442 in the cylinder 441 to cause the urging means 440 to act. By stretching, it starts to open from the closed state. Further, the opening stop portion 450 starts to extend from the folded state in which the first arm 460 and the second arm 470 rotate about the third axis E.
- the first shaft pin 353 attached to the end on the piston rod 354 side rotates about the first connecting portion 346 with respect to the first arm 460, and is attached to the end on the cylinder 352 side.
- the biaxial pin 355 slides in the direction of the third axis E along the guide portion 344 of the second connecting portion 342 of the second arm 470.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a state in which the upper lid 110 is opened to approximately 50 ° (hereinafter, referred to as a “half-open angle” in the present embodiment) as an example of a predetermined angle.
- the first arm 460 and the second arm 470 continue to open in a state where the upper lid 110 is opened at a half-open angle.
- the angle formed by the guide portion 344 and the damping means 350 increases, so that the end on the cylinder 352 side stops sliding.
- the first arm 460 and the second arm 470 are further opened, so that the damping means 350 is extended because the piston rod 354 is pulled with respect to the cylinder 352. That is, in a state where the upper lid 110 is opened by a half opening angle or more, the damping means 350 provided in the opening stop portion 450 generates a resistance force against the extension of the first arm 460 and the second arm 470.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a state in which the upper lid 110 is opened up to 90 ° (maximum opening angle).
- the first arm 460 is restricted from advancing to the second arm 470 by the stopper 480 formed on the second arm 470.
- the first arm 460 and the second arm 470 become substantially linear, and the opening of the upper lid 110 is restricted.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the first arm 460 and the second arm 470 in FIG. 30.
- the first axis C which is the connecting portion between the first arm 460 and the outer frame 100
- the second axis D which is the connecting portion between the second arm 470 and the connecting bracket 113
- the first The third axis E which is the connecting portion between the arm 460 and the second arm 470
- the third axis E includes the first arm 460 and the second arm 470 with respect to the virtual line connecting the first axis C and the second axis D provided on the upper lid 110 side of the second arm 170. Is provided on the opposite side of the folded side (in the present embodiment, the side far from the rotation shaft 112 side of the upper lid 110).
- a compressive force acts in the longitudinal direction of the first arm 460 and the second arm 470. That is, a compressive force acts along a straight line connecting the second axis D and the first axis C, and the first arm 460 and the second arm 470 rotate in the folding direction, respectively. As a result, the upper lid 110 rotates from the open state to the closing direction.
- the opening device 8 provided with the opening stop portion 450 has the following effects when the upper lid 110 is opened.
- the opening angle of the upper lid 110 is less than the half opening angle
- the other end of the damping means 350 slides the guide portion 344 of the second connecting portion 342, so that the damping means 350 is not extended. Therefore, only the urging means 440 operates in a state where the upper lid 110 in the horizontal state is to be lifted and rotated.
- the opening angle of the upper lid 110 increases, the load of the upper lid 110 faces the rotation shaft 112, so that the moment required for the rotation of the upper lid 110 decreases, and the opening speed of the upper lid 110 increases. Therefore, if the opening stop portion 450 and the damping means 350 are not provided, an impact is generated when the upper lid 110 reaches the maximum opening angle.
- the damping means 350 functions from a semi-opening angle at which the moment required for rotation of the upper lid 110 decreases, and the first arm 460 and the second arm 470 function.
- the opening speed of the upper lid 110 is suppressed by the resistance force against the extension of the upper lid 110.
- the opening device 8 it is possible to suppress an increase in the opening speed as the opening angle of the upper lid 110 increases. As a result, the impact when the upper lid 110 reaches the maximum opening angle is reduced.
- the opening device 8 when the upper lid 110 is opened from the closed state without human hands, and when the opening angle of the upper lid 110 is a half opening angle or more. It is possible to achieve both suppression of the opening speed.
- the same operation and effect as the first embodiment can be obtained with the same configuration as the opening device 8 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the guide portion 344 formed in the second connecting portion 342 provided in the second arm 470 is an elongated hole having a shape along the longitudinal direction of the second arm 470, but is not limited to this.
- the guide portion 344 may be set as a hole having an arc shape, a wavy shape, a sawtooth shape, or the like, according to the opening speed of the upper lid 110. Further, it may be a guide mechanism such as a V-groove or a T-groove that slides on each other, or may be a linear motion mechanism such as a linear guide or a slide rail.
- the second connecting portion 342 is provided on the second arm 470, the second connecting portion 342 according to the present embodiment may be provided on, for example, the first arm 460.
- This disclosure can be used as an opening device for evacuation hatches, entrances, etc. provided in corridors, balconies, roofs, etc. of buildings.
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Abstract
Description
また、上蓋付きの開口装置に設置する避難装置として、救助袋や折畳み式の梯子や垂直降下式のエレベータ近似の装置も検討されている(特開2017-164543号公報参照。)。
しかし、特開2017-164543号公報に記載されているような開口装置は、人が出入り可能な開口を有する外枠が設けられ、通常は当該開口を塞ぐ上蓋が設けられてある。すなわち、方形状の上蓋により方形状の開口を塞ぐ構造に形成されている。そして、当該上蓋は、方形状の開口外枠の一辺側に上蓋を外枠に対して回動可能に連結するヒンジが設けられ、当該ヒンジの反対側の上蓋の辺縁側を手で持ち上げて当該上蓋を開放するような構造に形成されている。
上述の通り、外枠の開口を塞ぐ水平状態の上蓋を持ち上げて回動させようとすると、最初に持ち上げるときが通常、最も大きな力が必要となる。そして、上蓋が垂直状態に近づいていくと、特に大きな力は必要とせずに、小さな力で開放させることができることになる。しかし、上蓋を開放方向に付勢する付勢力は、上蓋の開放角度によらずおよそ一定であるため、上蓋が垂直状態に近づいていくと、上蓋の回動速度は、開放角度の増加に伴って増加する。このため、上蓋を最大開放角度まで開放した際に衝撃が生じる。
ここで、開放停止部は、上蓋が所定の開放角度以上に開放された状態で付勢手段による上蓋の回動速度を抑制する減衰手段を有する。これにより、上蓋を最大開放角度まで開放した際の衝撃を抑制することが可能となる。
第8の態様によれば、外枠内に全体又は一部が収納される避難装置を備える。これにより、上枠を外枠に対して開放することで、当該避難装置を用いて、階下に避難することができる。
まず、図1A及び図1Bに示すように、第1実施形態に係る開口装置8及び当該開口装置8に設けられた避難装置11は、非常時に上階の廊下やベランダから下階の廊下やベランダへと避難するために使用されるものである。開口装置8は、上階側の床基部2に嵌合固定されて避難用の開口3を形成する外枠100を有する。
柱1に沿って降下して下階床面4に着地する避難位置との間で昇降駆動される。
ピニオン13は、ガイド支柱1のラック溝15に噛合する。なお、遠心ブレーキを用いてピニオン13が回転することにより、動作してその回転速度を制限する装置を設けるようにしてもよい。
したがって、昇降台5が待機位置にあるとき、上記ストッパ装置を介して、昇降台5の降下を規制する。
この状態から手動解除操作部29を手動で操作することにより、ストッパ装置を手動で解除することで、昇降台5の降下が開始する。
上蓋110により開口3を閉塞可能な開口装置8の機構について以下に説明する。
本実施形態に係る開口装置8は、図1~図9に示すように、人が出入り可能な開口3を有する外枠100と、一端側が外枠100に回動可能に軸支されて開口3を閉塞可能な上蓋110と、開口3を塞いだ状態で上蓋110を外枠100にロックするロック機構200と、このロック機構200のロックを解除する操作部120(具体的にはペダル130)と、外枠100と上蓋110とを接続し、上蓋110の開放を最大開放角度(具体的には、90°)で止める開放停止部150と、上蓋110を開放方向に付勢する付勢手段140とを備えている。
そして、開放停止部150は、外枠100に回動可能に連結された第1のアーム160と、この第1のアーム160及び上蓋110の各々に回動可能に連結された第2のアーム170とを備えている。
そして、上蓋110を閉じる際には第1のアーム160と第2のアーム170とが折り畳まれるように形成され、ロック機構200のロックを操作部120の操作により解除すると、付勢手段140、他の付勢手段145により上蓋110が開放されるように形成されている。
図4Aは、上蓋110の平面図、図4Bは、上蓋110の部分拡大平面図であって、上蓋110は、図5に示すように、左側の高さが低く、右側の方が高さが高く形成されている。
図5~図8に示すように、上蓋110は、上蓋110の高さが高い側の端縁側が、回転軸112を介して、外枠100に回動可能に軸支されている。なお、外枠100は、ケース21と一体に形成されている。本実施形態に係る上蓋110は、図8に示すように、後述するように外枠100に対して90°(最大開放角度)まで回動可能に形成されている。
図4A、図4B、図5及び図6に示すように、上蓋110の回転軸112が設けてある端縁側に、外枠100と上蓋110の回転軸112側とを連結する付勢手段140が設けてある。この付勢手段140は、ガススプリングであって、内部に充填したガスの圧力によりシリンダ141内のピストンロッド142を押し出す方向に付勢力を作用させる。
この開放停止部150は、外枠100に回動可能に連結された第1のアーム160と、この第1のアーム160及び上蓋110の各々に回動可能に連結された第2のアーム170とを備えている。
本実施形態では、第1のアーム160は、上述した付勢手段140とは異なる「他の付勢手段145」からなる。この他の付勢手段145も、上述した付勢手段140と同様にガススプリングであって、内部に充填したガスの圧力によりシリンダ146内のピストンロッド147を押し出す方向に付勢力を作用させる。また、第2のアーム170は、付勢手段ではなく、断面略U字型の棒状部材からなる。
また、本実施形態では、第1のアーム160と、第2のアーム170とのうち、第1のアーム160が他の付勢手段145からなり、第2のアーム170が棒状部材からなるが、特にこれに限定されるものではない。具体的には、例えば、両者の構造を逆にして、第2のアーム170を他の付勢手段145により形成し、第1のアーム160を棒状部材により形成することができる。この場合、ストッパ180を外枠100に設けて第1のアーム160に当接させる構造としてもよい。
なお、ロック機構の内容は後で詳細に説明する。ロック機構200のロックが解除されると、図5及び図6に示すような水平状態の上蓋110には、付勢手段140及び第1のアーム160としての他の付勢手段145の両方の付勢力、具体的には、左右の合計4本の付勢手段(2本の付勢手段140及び2本の他の付勢手段145)の付勢力により、上蓋110が開放される方向に力が加わり、回転軸112を回転の中心として、上蓋110が開放される方向に回動する。
すなわち、本実施形態に係る第1のアーム160は、ガススプリングとして最大作動長までピストンロッド147を延出する他の付勢手段145である。そして、この他の付勢手段145の延出中における第2のアーム170は、ストッパ180に図7に示すB点において当接し、他の付勢手段145に対して折り畳まれる方向に押圧される。なお、第1のアーム160は、最大作動長までピストンロッド147を延出するまで、すなわち、図6から図7に示す間、当該B点において、ストッパ180と当接していることになる。
そして、第2のアーム170は、他の付勢手段145が前記最大作動長に達し、かつ前記付勢手段140により他の付勢手段145に対して展開される方向に回転した場合、ストッパ180に図8に示すA点で当接することにより、最大開放角度を維持することが可能となる。
すなわち、ストッパ180は、上蓋110が、最大開放角度まで開放した場合に第2のアーム170のA点に当接して更なる回動を規制している。
上述したように、上蓋110が水平状態から半開放角度開放された後、さらに上蓋110を開放させようとする場合には、付勢手段140による付勢力により、上蓋110がさらに開放されることになる。
なお、当該第1のアーム160は、伸びきっているので、これ以上ピストンロッド147が外方に突出することはないが、第1のアーム160の先端側に連結されている第2のアーム170が図7、図8に示すように、第1のアーム160に対して回動する。これにより、上蓋110をさらに開放させることが可能となる。
第2のアーム170は、他の付勢手段145が伸びきった状態において上蓋110が外枠100に対して開放する角度が最大開放角度(90°)に未到達である場合、第2のアーム170が上蓋110に対して回動してストッパ180に当接することで、上蓋110を最大開放角度(90°)まで開放する。
本実施形態では、上述したような開口装置8を有することで以下に示すような作用及び効果を奏する。
これにより、開放停止部150を開口装置8の開口周囲の狭いスペースに収納配置することが可能となる。
一般的に、小さな付勢力を発生する付勢手段は、汎用品を使用できる。
次に上述したロック機構200について図9~図26を用いて詳細に説明する。
ロック機構200のロックを解除する場合には、図9に示すように、上蓋110の左側の端縁側から、左右のペダル130の端を車椅子16の左右の前輪16bで、上から踏み込んで操作する。
図10及び図11に示すように、前記リンク機構210は、2つのペダル130とロック機構200とをつなぐと共に、2つのペダル130を共に操作しないとロック機構200のロックが解除されないように形成されている。
ロック機構200は、外枠100の一部(具体的には、ロックバー101)に対して係止可能な係止部242と、上蓋110に設けられ、係止部242の外枠100への係止を維持するロック状態と係止部242の外枠100への係止を解除可能なアンロック状態とを切替可能なロック部材(第1のロックカム240)を備えている。
更に、ロック機構200は、ロック部材240のロック状態を維持するロック維持状態と、リンク機構210の作動に伴いロック部材240のアンロック状態を維持するアンロック維持状態とを切替可能な第1の状態維持手段を備えている。
この第1の状態維持手段252は、ロック状態において第1のロックカム240の回動を阻止する阻止状態と、リンク機構210の作動に伴い第1のロックカム240の回動を許容する許容状態と、の間で回動可能とする第2のロックカム250を有している。
この第2の状態維持手段262は、第2のロックカム250が阻止状態から許容状態に回動された場合、第2のロックカム250の阻止状態への復帰を阻止する第3のロックカム260を有する。
図16に示すように、上述したロックバー101は、外枠100の一部であって、外枠100から水平方向に突出する円柱棒状に形成されている。
前記第1のロックカム240は、外枠100に設けたロックバー101を係止可能な凹溝状の係止部242を備えている。
また、この第1のロックカム240は、軸241を回転の中心として回動可能に形成されるとともに、上述した第2のロックカム250に一方の端部が連結された引張ばね244により、反時計回転方向に付勢されている。
また、この第1のロックカム240は、第1の状態維持手段252としての第2のロックカム250の凹部253に係止されて当該第1のロックカム240の回転を規制する凸部243が形成されている。
また、第2のロックカム250は、作動部230が上方へ移動するに伴って、上方へ跳ね上げられて、第2のロックカム250を回転させる跳ね上げ片255が後方に突出して形成されている。
本実施形態では、上述した開口装置8で説明した付勢手段140及び他の付勢手段145の付勢力により、水平状態の上蓋110を開放しようとする力が作用している。
また、第1のロックカム240の回転に伴い、突部245が第3のロックカム260を時計方向に回転させる。これにより、第3のロックカム260による第2のロックカム250の時計方向への回転の規制は解除される。一方、第1のロックカム240の凸部243が第2のロックカム250の外周部に当接するため、第2のロックカム250の時計方向への回転の規制は維持される。
第1のロックカム240が、時計回転方向に回転すると、引張ばね244の引張力により、第2のロックカム250は、図21に示すように時計回転方向に回転して、図16と同様のロック状態に戻る。
図22は、2つのペダル130が操作されている状態(2点鎖線)及び1つのペダル(具体的には、左側のペダル)だけが操作されている状態(実線)の作動部230の正面図である。
また、第1の状態維持手段252が、前記ロック状態を維持することで、ロック機構200がロック状態を維持することができる。
また、第1の状態維持手段252としての第2のロックカム250は、初期状態において第1のロックカム240の回動を阻止する阻止状態とすることで係止部242をロック状態とし、当該第2のロックカム250が回動することで第1のロックカム240を回動可能とする。
また、第2の状態維持手段262としての回動可能な第3のロックカム260は、第2のロックカム250が阻止状態から許容状態に回動された場合、第2のロックカム250の阻止状態への復帰を阻止する。
次に第2実施形態について、図27~図31を適宜引用しながら説明する。なお、第1実施形態と同じ構成には同じ符号を付すこととし、詳細な説明は割愛する。以下、第1実施形態との相違点について説明する。
なお、第1軸ピン353がピストンロッド354側の端に、第2軸ピン355がシリンダ352側の端に、それぞれ取り付けられているが、本実施形態に係る「減衰手段の一端」及び「減衰手段の他端」は、これに限定されない。例えば、第1軸ピン353及び第2軸ピン355は、それぞれ減衰手段350に一体に成形されていてもよい。
なお、本実施形態では、一対の側壁460A同士の間の距離が第2のアーム470の幅よりも広く設定されている場合、すなわち第2のアーム470が第3軸Eにおいて第1のアーム460に対して軸支されていてもよい。この場合、第2のアーム470は、第1のアーム460の内側に収容され、第2のアーム470の天板470Bが第1のアーム460の天板460Bに当接することにより、ストッパ480として機能するように設定してもよい。
本実施形態に係る、上蓋110により開口3を閉塞可能な開口装置8の機構について以下に説明する。
本実施形態では、上述したような開口装置8を有することで以下に示すような作用及び効果を奏する。
Claims (8)
- 人が出入り可能な開口を有する外枠と、
一端側が前記外枠に回動可能に軸支されて前記開口を閉塞可能な上蓋と、
前記開口を塞いだ状態で前記上蓋を前記外枠にロックするロック機構と、
前記ロック機構のロックを解除する操作部と、
前記外枠と前記上蓋とを接続し、前記上蓋の前記外枠に対する開放を最大開放角度で止める開放停止部と、
前記操作部の操作に伴い前記ロック機構のロックが解除された場合に前記上蓋を開放方向に回動させる付勢手段と、を備え、
前記開放停止部は、
前記外枠に回動可能に連結された第1のアームと、
前記第1のアーム及び前記上蓋の各々に回動可能に連結された第2のアームと、を備え、
前記上蓋が前記開口を塞いだ状態において前記第1のアームと前記第2のアームとが折り畳まれ、前記上蓋が開放方向に回動するにつれて前記第1のアームと前記第2のアームとが伸展される開口装置。 - 前記開放停止部は、
前記上蓋が前記最大開放角度まで開放した場合に、前記第1のアーム及び前記第2のアームのいずれか一方に当接して当該アームの更なる回動を規制するストッパを備える請求項1に記載の開口装置。 - 前記開放停止部は、前記上蓋が所定の角度以上に開放された場合に、前記付勢手段による前記第1のアームと前記第2のアームとの伸展速度を抑制する減衰手段を有している、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の開口装置。 - 前記第1のアーム及び前記第2のアームのいずれか一方に設けられ、前記減衰手段の一端を回動可能に取り付ける第1連結部と、
前記第1のアーム及び前記第2のアームのいずれか他方に設けられ、前記減衰手段の他端を回動及びスライド可能に連結する第2連結部と、を備え、
前記上蓋の開放角度が前記所定の角度未満である場合、前記減衰手段は前記上蓋が開放方向に回動するにつれて前記他端が前記第2連結部をスライドし、前記上蓋の開放角度が前記所定の角度以上である場合、前記減衰手段は前記上蓋が開放方向に回動するにつれて伸長する、
請求項3に記載の開口装置。 - 前記上蓋が最大開放角度まで回動した場合に、前記第1のアームと前記第2のアームとの連結部に設けられた第3軸は、前記第1のアームの前記外枠側に設けられた第1軸及び前記第2のアームの前記上蓋側に設けられた第2軸を結ぶ仮想線に対して、前記第1のアームと前記第2のアームとが折り畳まれる側の反対側に設けられている、
請求項2~請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の開口装置。 - 前記第1のアーム及び前記第2のアームのいずれか一方は、他の付勢手段からなり、
前記上蓋の開放角度が所定の角度未満である場合、前記付勢手段と前記他の付勢手段の両方で前記上蓋を開放方向に回動させる、
請求項2に記載の開口装置。 - 前記ストッパは、前記第1のアーム及び前記第2のアームのいずれか他方に対し、前記上蓋が開放方向に回動する際に前記第1のアームと前記第2のアームとを折り畳む方向に押圧する、
請求項2又は請求項6に記載の開口装置。 - 前記外枠内に全体又は一部が収納される避難装置を備える、
請求項1~請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の開口装置。
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Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS5238799A (en) * | 1975-09-23 | 1977-03-25 | Naka Tech Lab | Refugee equipment mounted indoors or veranda |
JPS55118762A (en) * | 1979-03-05 | 1980-09-11 | Naka Tech Lab | Shelter for building |
JPS5623547U (ja) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-03-03 | ||
JPS6099944U (ja) * | 1984-11-05 | 1985-07-08 | 株式会社ナカ技術研究所 | 建物用避難装置における取手 |
JP3113695U (ja) * | 2005-06-15 | 2005-09-15 | ナカ工業株式会社 | 建物用避難ハッチ |
JP2009142519A (ja) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-07-02 | Yamato Protec Co | 避難用ハッチ |
JP2010110501A (ja) * | 2008-11-07 | 2010-05-20 | Marunishi:Kk | 避難用ハッチ |
WO2020226142A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-11-12 | ナカ工業株式会社 | 避難装置 |
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Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS5238799A (en) * | 1975-09-23 | 1977-03-25 | Naka Tech Lab | Refugee equipment mounted indoors or veranda |
JPS55118762A (en) * | 1979-03-05 | 1980-09-11 | Naka Tech Lab | Shelter for building |
JPS5623547U (ja) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-03-03 | ||
JPS6099944U (ja) * | 1984-11-05 | 1985-07-08 | 株式会社ナカ技術研究所 | 建物用避難装置における取手 |
JP3113695U (ja) * | 2005-06-15 | 2005-09-15 | ナカ工業株式会社 | 建物用避難ハッチ |
JP2009142519A (ja) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-07-02 | Yamato Protec Co | 避難用ハッチ |
JP2010110501A (ja) * | 2008-11-07 | 2010-05-20 | Marunishi:Kk | 避難用ハッチ |
WO2020226142A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-11-12 | ナカ工業株式会社 | 避難装置 |
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