WO2021195866A1 - 透光性人造革及其制备方法、复合革、汽车内饰 - Google Patents

透光性人造革及其制备方法、复合革、汽车内饰 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021195866A1
WO2021195866A1 PCT/CN2020/082141 CN2020082141W WO2021195866A1 WO 2021195866 A1 WO2021195866 A1 WO 2021195866A1 CN 2020082141 W CN2020082141 W CN 2020082141W WO 2021195866 A1 WO2021195866 A1 WO 2021195866A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
layer
artificial leather
shielding layer
polymer material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/082141
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
程好
郭强
宋伟锋
刘建红
Original Assignee
加通汽车内饰(常熟)有限公司
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Application filed by 加通汽车内饰(常熟)有限公司 filed Critical 加通汽车内饰(常熟)有限公司
Priority to EP20861993.2A priority Critical patent/EP3919674A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/082141 priority patent/WO2021195866A1/zh
Priority to US17/281,332 priority patent/US20230024784A1/en
Priority to MX2021003134A priority patent/MX2021003134A/es
Priority to JP2021517785A priority patent/JP2023537791A/ja
Priority to CA3170549A priority patent/CA3170549A1/en
Publication of WO2021195866A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021195866A1/zh

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/18—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with two layers of different macromolecular materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/32—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed at least two layers being foamed and next to each other
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/402—Coloured
    • B32B2307/4023—Coloured on the layer surface, e.g. ink
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/414—Translucent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/003—Interior finishings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/50—Mounting arrangements
    • B60Q3/54—Lighting devices embedded in interior trim, e.g. in roof liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R2013/0287—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners integrating other functions or accessories

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of artificial leather, in particular to a translucent artificial leather and a preparation method thereof, composite leather, and automobile interior decoration.
  • Artificial leather is a kind of plastic product that looks and feels like leather and can replace it. It has the characteristics of softness and wear resistance, and can be widely used in luggage, car interiors, etc.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a translucent artificial leather and a preparation method thereof, composite leather, and automobile interior decoration, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the existing translucent artificial leather.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a translucent artificial leather, comprising a surface treatment agent layer and a multilayer polymer material layer stacked, the multilayer polymer material layer includes at least a skin layer, the skin layer is Colored layer, the surface treatment agent layer is pasted on the skin layer, the light-transmitting artificial leather further includes a light-shielding layer, the light-shielding layer is provided with a hollow or light-transmitting structure, and the light-shielding layer is arranged adjacent to Between the two polymer material layers or arranged on the inner side of the innermost polymer material layer.
  • the plurality of polymer material layers include the skin layer and the support layer attached to the skin layer, and the light shielding layer is disposed between the skin layer and the support layer.
  • the plurality of polymer material layers include the skin layer and the glue layer attached to the skin layer, and the light shielding layer is disposed between the skin layer and the glue layer.
  • the plurality of polymer material layers include the skin layer, the support layer attached to the skin layer, and the glue layer attached to the support layer, and the light-shielding layer is disposed on the Between the support layer and the glue layer.
  • the support layer is a non-foamed structure or a micro-foamed structure, and the expansion ratio of the micro-foamed structure is less than or equal to 1.5.
  • the light-shielding layer is printed on the surface of one of the two adjacent polymer material layers.
  • the printing method includes UV printing, gravure printing, thermal transfer or screen printing.
  • the main material in the slurry used in the printing process is the same as the main material of the translucent artificial leather.
  • the light-shielding layer covers the entire surface of the polymer material layer adjacent thereto.
  • the multi-layer polymer material layer further includes a glue layer and a base fabric layer laminated on the inner side of the support layer, and the light-shielding layer is arranged between the skin layer and the support layer, or The support layer and the glue layer, or between the glue layer and the base cloth layer, or the inner side of the base cloth layer.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing light-transmitting artificial leather, which includes a polymer material layer forming step for forming each polymer material layer and a treatment agent layer forming step for forming a surface treatment agent layer,
  • the preparation method further includes a light-shielding layer forming step.
  • the light-shielding layer is formed between two adjacent layers of the polymer material, and the light-shielding layer is provided with a hollow or Light-transmitting structure to form a pattern.
  • the step of forming the light-shielding layer includes: printing the prepared light-shielding layer paste on the surface of one of the two adjacent polymer material layers.
  • the main material of the light-shielding layer slurry is the same as the main material of the translucent artificial leather.
  • the preparation method includes the steps:
  • the preparation method includes the steps:
  • the support layer is not subjected to a foaming process or a micro-foaming process, and the foaming ratio of the micro-foaming process is less than or equal to 1.5.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides a composite leather, including a buffer layer attached together and the translucent artificial leather as described above.
  • the buffer layer is a three-dimensional spacer fabric or polyurethane sponge,
  • the light transmittance of the three-dimensional spacer fabric is not less than 70%
  • the light transmittance of the polyurethane sponge is 8% to 15%.
  • the fourth aspect of the present invention provides an automotive interior, including the translucent artificial leather as described above or the composite leather as described above.
  • it further includes a light source, and the light-transmitting artificial leather or the composite leather covers the light source, so that a part of the light emitted by the light source can be transmitted through the hollow or light-transmitting structure in the light-transmitting artificial leather.
  • a light-shielding layer is directly arranged between the polymer material layers, and a hollow or light-transmitting structure is provided on the light-shielding layer.
  • the surface of the artificial leather presents a pattern formed by a hollow or light-transmitting structure. In this way, the desired pattern can be obtained without setting a light source of a specific shape.
  • the light-shielding layer is planted in the light-transmitting artificial leather to make the light-shielding layer transparent.
  • the surface of the light artificial leather is very close, the light hardly scatters, so the pattern is very clear, even if the light-permeable artificial leather is attached to the three-dimensional spacer fabric, polyurethane sponge and other buffer layers to form a composite structure, it will not affect
  • the clarity of the presented pattern can prevent the light-shielding layer from contacting other structures and form a good protection for the light-shielding layer.
  • it can effectively avoid the light-shielding layer. The peeling off and the damage to the light-shielding layer when bonding with other structures.
  • Figure 1 shows the existing light transmission scheme
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the light-shielding layer in the translucent artificial leather provided by the present invention
  • Figure 3 is one of the light-transmitting schemes of light-transmitting artificial leather provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the second light transmission scheme of light-transmitting artificial leather provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-transmitting artificial leather provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-transmitting artificial leather provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is one of the flow charts of the preparation method of translucent artificial leather provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is the second flow chart of the preparation method of translucent artificial leather provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is the third flow chart of the preparation method of translucent artificial leather provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is the fourth flow chart of the preparation method of translucent artificial leather provided by the present invention.
  • test method for transmittance (Transmittance) described in this application is: ASTM E1348.
  • the present application provides a light-transmitting artificial leather, which includes a laminated multi-layer polymer material layer and covering the outermost layer.
  • the surface treatment agent layer 100 on the polymer material layer, the translucent artificial leather also includes a light-shielding layer 600, as shown in FIG. 2, the light-shielding layer 600 is provided with a hollow structure 601 to form a pattern. The thickness is relatively thin. If the light-shielding layer 600 is arranged between the surface treatment agent layer 100 and the polymer material layer, the color of the light-shielding layer 600 will be exposed.
  • the light-shielding layer 600 is arranged between two adjacent polymer material layers. .
  • the light-shielding layer 600 only transmits light at the hollow structure 601, so that when the light source is turned on, the pattern formed by the hollow structure 601 appears on the surface of the light-transmitting artificial leather. In this way, the desired pattern can be obtained without setting a light source 700 of a specific shape.
  • the light-shielding layer 600 is implanted in the light-transmitting artificial leather. On the one hand, the light-shielding layer 600 is very close to the surface of the light-transmitting artificial leather. Artificial leather is attached to cushioning layers such as three-dimensional spacer fabrics, polyurethane sponges, etc.
  • the light-shielding layer 600 can prevent the light-shielding layer 600 from contacting other structures.
  • Good protection compared to arranging the light-shielding layer 600 on the outside of the light-transmitting artificial leather, it can effectively prevent the light-shielding layer 600 from falling off and damage to the light-shielding layer 600 when it is bonded to other structures.
  • the grid line area of the light shielding layer 600 does not transmit light, and the white area (S-shaped hollow structure) light can pass through, thereby presenting a very clear S-shaped pattern on the surface of the light-transmitting artificial leather.
  • the light-shielding layer 600 may not be formed with the hollow structure 601 to form the required pattern, or the light-shielding layer 600 may be provided with a light-transmitting structure to form the required pattern. Set the shading material.
  • the multi-layer polymer material layer includes at least a skin layer 200, and also includes a glue layer 400 and/or a support layer 300.
  • the skin layer 200 is a colored layer, and the surface treatment agent layer 100 is attached to the skin layer 200.
  • a perforation method can be used. This method exhibits poor pattern definition.
  • the present application is implemented by adjusting the toner in the skin layer 200, for example, It is to reduce the toner content in the slurry for preparing the skin layer 200, so that the toner is more dispersed in the slurry, but this will affect the color opacity. Therefore, it is further preferred that the color in the slurry for preparing the skin layer 200
  • the particle size of the powder is set to nanometer level, for example 0.5-10nm, so that even if the toner content is large, the light transmittance will not be affected, and the color concealment can be guaranteed.
  • the supporting layer 300 adopts a non-foamed structure or a micro-foamed structure, and the expansion ratio of the micro-foamed structure is less than or equal to 1.5.
  • the multi-layer polymer material layer includes a skin layer 200, a support layer 300, and a glue layer 400 stacked in sequence.
  • a base cloth 500 is attached to the inner side of the glue layer 400.
  • 500 is a knitted or non-woven fabric with good light transmittance
  • the surface treatment agent layer 100 covers the skin layer 200
  • the light shielding layer 600 can be arranged between the skin layer 200 and the support layer 300 or between the support layer 300 and the glue layer 400 . Since the light-shielding layer 600 is closer to the surface of the light-transmitting artificial leather, the scattering of light has less influence on imaging, and the pattern presented on the surface of the light-transmitting artificial leather is clearer. Therefore, preferably, as shown in FIG. 5, the light-shielding layer 600 is provided Between the skin layer 200 and the support layer 300.
  • the multi-layer polymer material layer only includes the skin layer 200 and the support layer 300, and the light shielding layer 600 is disposed between the skin layer 200 and the support layer 300, so that a clear The pattern is presented.
  • the multi-layer polymer material layer only includes a skin layer 200 and a glue layer 400, and the glue layer 400 is attached to the inner surface of the skin layer 200. At this time, the light shielding layer 600 is arranged on the skin layer 200 and the glue layer. Between 400.
  • the light-shielding layer 600 may be prepared and attached to the corresponding polymer material layer.
  • the light-shielding layer 600 is printed on two adjacent polymer material layers.
  • the light-shielding layer 600 is printed on the surface of the skin layer 200 or the surface of the support layer 300.
  • the light-shielding layer 600 is disposed between the two polymer material layers, so the printed surface is one of the opposite surfaces of the two polymer material layers.
  • the printing method is, for example, UV printing, gravure printing, thermal transfer, screen printing and the like.
  • UV printing is especially suitable for printing with a light-shielding layer with a light-transmitting structure due to its simple process, multi-color gradation and true color display effects.
  • the slurry forming the light-shielding layer 600 and the light-transmitting artificial leather use the same main material.
  • the light-transmitting artificial leather is polyvinyl chloride artificial leather
  • the The main material of the light artificial leather is polyvinyl chloride powder
  • the main material of the slurry forming the light-shielding layer 600 is also polyvinyl chloride. That is, the slurry forming the light-shielding layer 600 includes polyvinyl chloride powder and light-shielding powder.
  • the slurry of the light-shielding layer 600 and the main material of the light-transmitting artificial leather can also be made of other materials, such as chlorinated polyethylene, acrylic, polyurethane, silica gel, carbon black, or a mixture of at least two.
  • the light-shielding layer 600 may be only arranged near the light source 700, that is, the light-shielding layer 600 is only arranged in a local area. In this way, the position of the light-shielding layer 600 needs to be determined during the preparation process. In order to simplify the processing process, preferably, the light-shielding layer 600 covers the The entire surface of the adjacent polymer material layer, for example, the light-shielding layer 600 is printed on the entire surface of the polymer material layer.
  • the present application also provides a method for preparing light-transmitting artificial leather, which includes a polymer material layer forming step to form a multilayer polymer material layer, a treating agent layer forming step to form a surface treatment agent layer, and a light-shielding layer forming step.
  • the light-shielding layer forming step the light-shielding layer 600 is formed between two adjacent polymer material layers, and the formed light-shielding layer 600 has a hollow or light-transmitting structure to form a pattern.
  • the step of forming the treatment agent layer is performed at the end to coat the surface of the skin layer 200 with a surface treatment agent.
  • the step of forming the light-shielding layer 600 may be, for example, preparing a light-shielding layer, and then attaching the light-shielding layer to the surface of the corresponding polymer material layer.
  • the light-shielding layer 600 passes through
  • the printing method is formed on the surface of the polymer material layer, for example, UV printing, gravure printing, thermal transfer, screen printing, etc. are printed on the surface of the polymer material layer.
  • the step of forming the light-shielding layer includes: shading the prepared light
  • the layer paste is printed on the surface of one of the two adjacent polymer material layers. UV printing is especially suitable for printing with a light-shielding layer with a light-transmitting structure due to its simple process, multi-color gradation and true color display effects.
  • the light-shielding layer slurry and the main material of the light-transmitting artificial leather use the same main material.
  • the light-transmitting artificial leather is polychloride.
  • the main material of the light-transmitting artificial leather is polyvinyl chloride powder
  • the main material of the light-shielding layer slurry is also polyvinyl chloride, that is, the light-shielding layer slurry includes polyvinyl chloride powder and light-shielding powder.
  • the main material of the light-shielding layer slurry and the translucent artificial leather can also be made of other materials, such as chlorinated polyethylene, acrylic, polyurethane, silica gel, carbon black, or a mixture of at least two.
  • the polymer material layer forming step includes the sub-steps of separately forming each polymer material layer.
  • a release paper coating method, a calendering method, etc. may be used to form each polymer material layer.
  • the polymer material layer forming step includes a glue layer forming substep, a support layer forming substep, and a skin layer forming substep
  • the polymer material layer forming step includes a skin layer forming sub-step and a support layer forming sub-step
  • the polymer material layer formation step includes the skin layer formation substep and the glue layer formation substep, and the light shielding layer formation step is interspersed between the substeps. Since the light-shielding layer is closer to the surface of the light-transmitting artificial leather, the scattering of light has less influence on imaging, and the pattern presented on the surface of the light-transmitting artificial leather is clearer. Therefore, preferably, the light-shielding layer forming step is arranged in the skin layer forming sub-step Between the sub-steps of forming a support layer.
  • the release paper coating method can be used to perform the following steps:
  • Slurry preparation step preparing a transparent skin layer slurry, a support layer slurry and a light-shielding layer slurry;
  • the skin layer forming sub-step coating the skin layer slurry on the release paper to form the skin layer;
  • Step of forming a light-shielding layer printing the light-shielding layer paste on the surface of the skin layer;
  • the supporting layer forming sub-step coating the supporting layer slurry on the light shielding layer to form the supporting layer;
  • the step of forming the treatment agent layer coating a surface treatment agent on the surface of the skin layer, and embossing treatment may also be carried out, so as to obtain light-transmitting artificial leather.
  • calendering method can also be used to perform the following steps:
  • the supporting layer forming sub-step calendering the supporting layer powder to form the supporting layer;
  • Step of forming a light-shielding layer printing the light-shielding layer paste on the surface of the support layer;
  • the skin layer forming sub-step calendering the skin layer powder on the light shielding layer to form the skin layer;
  • the step of forming the treatment agent layer coating a surface treatment agent on the surface of the skin layer, and embossing treatment may also be carried out to obtain light-transmitting artificial leather.
  • the release paper coating method can be used to perform the following steps:
  • Slurry preparation step preparing a transparent skin layer slurry, a support layer slurry, a glue layer slurry and a light-shielding layer slurry;
  • the skin layer forming sub-step coating the skin layer slurry on the release paper to form the skin layer;
  • Step of forming a light-shielding layer printing the light-shielding layer paste on the surface of the skin layer;
  • the supporting layer forming sub-step coating the supporting layer slurry on the light shielding layer to form the supporting layer;
  • the glue layer forming sub-step coating the glue layer slurry on the support layer to form the glue layer;
  • the step of forming the treatment agent layer coating a surface treatment agent on the surface of the skin layer, and embossing treatment may also be carried out, so as to obtain light-transmitting artificial leather.
  • the calendering method can also be used to perform the following steps:
  • Slurry preparation step prepare light-transmitting skin layer powder, support layer powder, glue layer slurry and light-shielding layer slurry;
  • the glue layer forming sub-step coating the glue layer slurry on the base cloth to form a glue layer;
  • the supporting layer forming sub-step calendering the supporting layer powder on the glue layer to form the supporting layer;
  • Step of forming a light-shielding layer printing the light-shielding layer paste on the surface of the support layer;
  • the skin layer forming sub-step calendering the skin layer powder on the light shielding layer to form the skin layer;
  • the step of forming the treatment agent layer coating a surface treatment agent on the surface of the skin layer, and embossing treatment may also be carried out to obtain light-transmitting artificial leather.
  • the support layer is not subjected to a foaming process or a micro-foaming process.
  • the foaming ratio of the micro-foaming process is less than or equal to 1.5.
  • the support layer slurry does not contain a foaming agent.
  • the support layer slurry contains a small amount of foaming agent to make the foaming ratio less than or equal to 1.5.
  • the present application also provides a composite leather, as shown in the figure, which includes a buffer layer attached together and the above-mentioned translucent artificial leather.
  • the buffer layer can be, for example, a three-dimensional spacer fabric with a light transmittance of not less than 70%.
  • the light-transmitting artificial leather includes a skin layer, a support layer, a glue layer and a base cloth
  • the light transmittance of the formed composite leather can reach 8% to 15%.
  • the translucent artificial leather includes a skin layer, a support layer and a glue layer, and the three-dimensional spacer fabric is attached to the glue layer
  • the light transmittance of the formed composite leather can reach 9% to 17%.
  • the light artificial leather includes a skin layer and a support layer.
  • the buffer layer can also be a polyurethane sponge with a light transmittance of 8%-15%.
  • the conventional connection method of the polyurethane sponge is usually sintering. This connection method will affect the overall light transmittance of the composite leather. Therefore, in this application
  • the polyurethane sponge is preferably connected to the light-transmitting artificial leather by bonding, so that when the light-transmitting artificial leather includes a skin layer, a support layer, a glue layer and a base cloth, the light transmittance of the formed composite leather can reach 5% to 11 %.
  • the light transmittance of the formed composite leather can reach 6% to 12%.
  • the light-transmitting artificial leather includes the skin layer And the support layer, when the support layer is bonded with the polyurethane sponge by transparent glue, the light transmittance of the formed composite leather can reach 7% to 13%.
  • the composite leather can be applied to occasions such as automobile interior decoration.
  • the three-dimensional spacer fabric includes two fabric layers arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart, and also includes a support layer connecting the two fabric layers.
  • the support layer is formed by connecting threads.
  • one of the fabric layers The mesh in the middle and the mesh in the other fabric layer are set up one-to-one or the misalignment size does not exceed 30% of the maximum span size of the mesh. Set the meshes of the two fabric layers to be one-to-one or close to each other. In a one-to-one alignment, the interlacing between the meshes of the two fabric layers is reduced, so as to ensure more light to pass through.
  • the part of the connecting thread between the two fabric layers is arranged in an I-shape, which minimizes the vertical Viewed from the direction of the fabric layer, the connecting threads are located in the mesh to further ensure the passage of more light.
  • the thickness of the support layer and the combination of connecting threads are defined to ensure the mechanical properties of the three-dimensional spacer fabric.
  • the thickness of the support layer and the connecting thread The ratio of the diameters is 6 to 55, more preferably 18 to 20.
  • the mesh density is usually as small as possible to facilitate more light to pass through, because too dense mesh will cause serious light blocking, but the applicant found that too small mesh density will seriously affect the three-dimensional interval
  • the contour of the mesh appears on the surface of the fabric, which affects the aesthetics.
  • the fabric threads and connecting threads woven into the fabric layer are all transparent Or semi-transparent monofilament, the ratio of the maximum span size of the mesh to the diameter of the fabric thread is 8-32, and the size of the mesh is greater than 10 mesh. In this way, the support strength and mechanical properties of the three-dimensional spacer fabric can be ensured, and good light transmittance can be obtained.
  • this application also provides an automotive interior, including the above-mentioned translucent artificial leather or the above-mentioned composite leather.
  • Translucent artificial leather can be applied to the center console, buttons, etc.
  • composite leather can be applied to seats, handles and other positions.
  • the car interior also includes a light source, a light transmissive artificial leather or composite leather covering the light source, for example, translucent artificial leather or composite leather is coated on the car frame, and the light source is installed in the frame and located in the light transmissive artificial leather or composite leather.
  • a part of the light emitted by the light source can be transmitted through the hollow or light-transmitting structure in the light-transmitting artificial leather.
  • the surface of the light-transmitting artificial leather can present a shape of a hollow structure, and The pattern is very clear.
  • the above structure does not require a light source of a specific shape, so any structure of light source can be used, for example, a flat light source can be used, which is convenient for assembly and saves processing costs.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

一种透光性人造革及其制备方法、复合革、汽车内饰。透光性人造革包括表面处理剂层以及层叠设置的多层聚合物材料层，多层聚合物材料层至少包括表皮层，表皮层为带颜色层，表面处理剂层贴覆于表皮层，透光性人造革还包括遮光层，遮光层上设置有镂空或透光结构，遮光层设置在相邻的两层聚合物材料层之间。透光性人造革直接在聚合物材料层之间设置遮光层，并在遮光层上设置镂空结构，这样在镂空结构处设置光源即可在透光性人造革表面呈现出镂空结构形成的图案，如此，无需设置特定造型的光源即可得到想要呈现的图案，即使在复合革结构中也能够获得非常清晰的图案。

Description

透光性人造革及其制备方法、复合革、汽车内饰 技术领域
本发明涉及人造革技术领域，具体涉及一种透光性人造革及其制备方法、复合革、汽车内饰。
背景技术
人造革是一种外观、手感似皮革并可代替其使用的塑料制品，具有柔软、耐磨等特点，可广泛用于箱包、汽车内饰等。
随着汽车内饰行业的发展，人们对车内氛围及人车互动的要求逐步提高。传统的人造革因其独特的材料特性对光线具有阻隔效应，并不具备透光性能，车内光学效果都是通过表面打孔来实现的，在光源的照射下，这种通过表面打孔实现透光的人造革可以实现整体透光，如果想呈现图案，只能靠变换底面的光源造型，例如，如图1所示，S型光源可在人造革表面呈现出S形。为保证人造革的强度，打孔密度不能过密，因此形成的图案会非常模糊，尤其是对于面积较小的图案甚至无法呈现，另外，由于人造革有一定的厚度，且在实际应用中，例如用于汽车内饰时，通常在人造革底部还需要复合1-10mm厚的海绵以形成复合革从而改善触感。当光线从复合革底部传导至顶部时，会发生不同程度的散射，距离越远，散射越明显，图案会变得很模糊。
发明内容
基于上述现状，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种透光性人造革及其制备方法、复合革、汽车内饰，以解决现有透光性人造革存在的上述问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
本发明的第一方面提供了一种透光性人造革，包括层表面处理剂层以及叠设置的多层聚合物材料层，所述多层聚合物材料层至少包括表皮层，所述表皮层为带颜色层，所述表面处理剂层贴覆于所述表皮层，所述透光性人造革还包 括遮光层，所述遮光层上设置有镂空或透光结构，所述遮光层设置在相邻的两层所述聚合物材料层之间或者设置于最内层的聚合物材料层的内侧。
优选地，所述多个聚合物材料层包括所述表皮层和贴合于所述表皮层的所述支撑层，所述遮光层设置于所述表皮层和所述支撑层之间。
优选地，所述多个聚合物材料层包括所述表皮层和贴合于所述表皮层的所述胶水层，所述遮光层设置于所述表皮层和所述胶水层之间。
优选地，所述多个聚合物材料层包括所述表皮层、贴合于所述表皮层的所述支撑层和贴合于所述支撑层的所述胶水层，所述遮光层设置于所述支撑层和所述胶水层之间。
优选地，所述支撑层为不发泡结构或微发泡结构，所述微发泡结构的发泡倍率小于或等于1.5。
优选地，所述遮光层印刷于该相邻的两个所述聚合物材料层中的一个的表面。
优选地，所述印刷方式包括UV印刷、凹版印刷、热转印或丝网印刷。
优选地，所述印刷过程采用的浆料中的主料与所述透光性人造革的主料相同。
优选地，所述遮光层覆盖与其相邻的所述聚合物材料层的整个表面。
优选地，所述多层聚合物材料层还包括层叠设置于所述支撑层内侧的胶水层、基布层，所述遮光层设置于所述表皮层与所述支撑层之间、或者设置于所述支撑层与所述胶水层之间、或者设置于所述胶水层与所述基布层之间，或者设置于所述基布层内侧。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种透光性人造革的制备方法，所述制备方法包括形成各层聚合物材料层的聚合物材料层形成步骤和形成表面处理剂层的处理剂层形成步骤，所述制备方法还包括遮光层形成步骤，在所述遮光层形成步骤中，将所述遮光层形成于相邻的两层所述聚合物材料层之间，所述遮光层上设置有镂空或透光结构以形成图案。
优选地，所述遮光层形成步骤包括：将制备的遮光层浆料印刷于相邻的两个所述聚合物材料层中的一个的表面。
优选地，所述遮光层浆料的主料和所述透光性人造革的主料相同。
优选地，所述制备方法包括步骤：
S20、在离型纸上涂覆表皮层浆料形成表皮层；
S30、在所述表皮层的表面印刷形成所述遮光层；
S40、在所述遮光层表面涂覆支撑层浆料形成支撑层。
优选地，所述制备方法包括步骤：
S300、压延形成支撑层；
S400、在所述支撑层的表面印刷形成所述遮光层；
S500、在所述遮光层的表面压延形成表皮层。
优选地，所述支撑层不进行发泡工艺或进行微发泡工艺，所述微发泡工艺的发泡倍率小于或等于1.5。
本发明的第三方面提供了一种复合革，包括贴附在一起的缓冲层和如上所述的透光性人造革。
优选地，所述缓冲层为三维间隔型织物或聚氨酯海绵，
其中，所述三维间隔型织物的透光率不低于70％；
所述聚氨酯海绵的透光率为8％至15％。
本发明的第四方面提供了一种汽车内饰，包括如上所述的透光性人造革或如上所述的复合革。
优选地，还包括光源，所述透光性人造革或所述复合革覆盖所述光源，使所述光源发出的光的一部分能够经所述透光性人造革中的镂空或透光结构透出。
本发明提供的透光性人造革中，直接在聚合物材料层之间设置遮光层，并在遮光层上设置镂空或透光结构，这样在镂空或透光结构处设置光源即可在透光性人造革表面呈现出镂空或透光结构形成的图案，如此，无需设置特定造型的光源即可得到想要呈现的图案，另外，将遮光层植于透光性人造革内，一方面使得遮光层距离透光性人造革的表面非常近，光线几乎不会发生散射，因此呈现的图案非常清晰，即使该透光性人造革贴附于三维间隔型织物、聚氨酯海绵等缓冲层而形成复合结构，也不会影响呈现出的图案的清晰度，另一方面，能够避免遮光层与其他结构接触，对遮光层形成很好的保护，相较于将遮光层设置在透光性人造革的外侧，能够有效避免遮光层的脱落以及与其他结构粘接时对遮光层的破坏。
附图说明
以下将参照附图对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述。图中：
图1为现有透光方案；
图2为本发明提供的透光性人造革中的遮光层的结构示意图；
图3为本发明提供的透光性人造革的透光方案之一；
图4为本发明提供的透光性人造革的透光方案之二；
图5为本发明一个实施例提供的透光人造革的结构示意图；
图6为本发明另一实施例提供的透光人造革的结构示意图；
图7为本发明提供的透光性人造革的制备方法流程图之一；
图8为本发明提供的透光性人造革的制备方法流程图之二；
图9为本发明提供的透光性人造革的制备方法流程图之三；
图10为本发明提供的透光性人造革的制备方法流程图之四。
图中，
100、表面处理剂层；200、表皮层；300、支撑层；400、胶水层；500、基布；600、遮光层；601、镂空结构；700、光源。
具体实施方式
以下基于实施例对本发明进行描述，但是本发明并不仅仅限于这些实施例。在下文对本发明的细节描述中，详尽描述了一些特定的细节部分，为了避免混淆本发明的实质，公知的方法、过程、流程、元件并没有详细叙述。
此外，本领域普通技术人员应当理解，在此提供的附图都是为了说明的目的，并且附图不一定是按比例绘制的。
除非上下文明确要求，否则整个说明书和权利要求书中的“包括”、“包含”等类似词语应当解释为包含的含义而不是排他或穷举的含义；也就是说，是“包括但不限于”的含义。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。此外，在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
本申请中所述的透光率(Transmittance)的测试方法为：ASTM E1348。
针对现有透光革整体透光导致需要特定造型的光源且易造成图案模糊的问题，本申请提供了一种透光性人造革，其包括层叠设置的多层聚合物材料层以及覆盖于最外层的聚合物材料层上的表面处理剂层100，透光性人造革还包括遮光层600，如图2所示，遮光层600上设置有镂空结构601以形成图案，由于表面处理剂层100的厚度较薄，若遮光层600设置在表面处理剂层100与聚合物材料层之间，则遮光层600的颜色会暴露，因此，遮光层600设置在相邻的两层聚合物材料层之间。遮光层600只有在镂空结构601处透光，从而当光源点亮时在透光性人造革表面呈现出镂空结构601形成的图案，如此，无需设置特定造型的光源700即可得到想要呈现的图案，另外，将遮光层600植于透光性人造革内，一方面使得遮光层600距离透光性人造革的表面非常近，光线几乎不会发生散射，因此呈现的图案非常清晰，即使该透光性人造革贴附于三维间隔型织物、聚氨酯海绵等缓冲层而形成复合结构，也不会影响呈现出的图案的清晰度，另一方面，能够避免遮光层600与其他结构接触，对遮光层600形成很好的保护，相较于将遮光层600设置在透光性人造革的外侧，能够有效避免遮光层600的脱落以及与其他结构粘接时对遮光层600的破坏。
例如，如图2所示，遮光层600的网格线区域不透光，白色区域(S形镂空结构)光线可以穿过，从而在透光性人造革的表面呈现非常清晰的S形图案。
可以理解的是，遮光层600也可以不以镂空结构601形成所需图案，也可以是在遮光层600设置透光结构形成所需图案，例如，在所需图案区域设置透明材质，在其他位置设置遮光材质。
其中的多层聚合物材料层至少包括表皮层200，还包括胶水层400和/或支撑层300，表皮层200为带颜色层，表面处理剂层100贴覆于表皮层200，如此，当光源关灭时，透光性人造革呈现常规的人造革外观，而当光源点亮时在人造革的表面呈现图案。为了实现人造革的透光性，可以采用打孔方式，这种方式呈现出的图案清晰度较差，为此，优选地，本申请通过对表皮层200中的色粉调整来实现，例如，可以是减少制备表皮层200的浆料中的色粉含量，使得色粉在浆料中更加分散，但这样会影响颜色遮盖性，因此，进一步优选地，将制备表皮层200的浆料中的色粉的粒径设置为纳米级，例如为0.5-10nm，这样即使色粉含量较大也不会影响透光性，保证颜色的遮盖性。
由于发泡会影响人造革的透光性，优选地，支撑层300采用不发泡结构或 微发泡结构，微发泡结构的发泡倍率小于或等于1.5。
在一个实施例中，如图3所示，多层聚合物材料层包括依次层叠设置的表皮层200、支撑层300和胶水层400，胶水层400的内侧贴合设置有基布500，基布500为透光性好的针织布或无纺布，表面处理剂层100覆盖于表皮层200，遮光层600可以设置于表皮层200与支撑层300之间或者支撑层300与胶水层400之间。由于遮光层600越靠近透光性人造革的表面，光线的散射对成像的影响越小，呈现在透光性人造革表面的图案越清晰，因此，优选地，如图5所示，遮光层600设置于表皮层200与支撑层300之间。
在另一个实施例中，如图4所示，多层聚合物材料层仅包括表皮层200和支撑层300，遮光层600设置于表皮层200与支撑层300之间，如此亦能获得清晰的图案呈现。
在还一个实施例中，多层聚合物材料层仅包括表皮层200和胶水层400，胶水层400贴合设置于表皮层200的内表面，此时遮光层600设置于表皮层200与胶水层400之间。
遮光层600可以是制备好后贴合于相应的聚合物材料层，为了提高遮光层600与聚合物材料层的贴合度，优选地，遮光层600印刷于相邻的两个聚合物材料层中的一个的表面，例如，当遮光层600设置在表皮层200与支撑层300之间时，遮光层600印刷于表皮层200的表面或者支撑层300的表面，当然，可以理解的是，由于遮光层600设置在两聚合物材料层之间，因此其印刷的表面为两聚合物材料层相对表面之一。印刷方式例如为UV印刷、凹版印刷、热转印、丝网印刷等方式。UV印刷因其工艺简单、能够实现多色渐变和真彩显示效果等优点，尤其适于设有透光结构的遮光层的印刷。进一步优选地，为了提高遮光层600与聚合物材料层的融合性，形成遮光层600的浆料与透光性人造革采用相同的主料，例如，透光性人造革为聚氯乙烯人造革时，透光性人造革的主料为聚氯乙烯粉，则形成遮光层600的浆料的主料亦采用聚氯乙烯，即形成遮光层600的浆料中包括聚氯乙烯粉和遮光粉，当然，可以理解的是，遮光层600的浆料和透光性人造革的主料还可以采用其他材料，例如氯化聚乙烯、丙烯酸、聚氨酯、硅胶、炭黑之一或者至少两者的混合物。
遮光层600可以仅设置在光源700附近，即仅在局部区域设置遮光层600，这样还需要在制备过程中对遮光层600的位置进行确定，为了简化加工工艺， 优选地，遮光层600覆盖与其相邻的聚合物材料层的整个表面，例如，将遮光层600印刷于聚合物材料层的整个表面。
本申请还提供了一种透光性人造革的制备方法，其包括形成多层聚合物材料层的聚合物材料层形成步骤、形成表面处理剂层的处理剂层形成步骤以及遮光层形成步骤，在遮光层形成步骤中，将遮光层600形成于相邻的两层聚合物材料层之间，形成的遮光层600上具有镂空或透光结构以形成图案。
处理剂层形成步骤在最后执行，用于在表皮层200的表面涂覆表面处理剂。
遮光层600形成步骤例如可以为：制备遮光层，然后将遮光层贴合于相应聚合物材料层的表面，为了提高遮光层600与聚合物材料层的贴合度，优选地，遮光层600通过印刷方式形成于聚合物材料层的表面，例如通过UV印刷、凹版印刷、热转印、丝网印刷等方式印刷于聚合物材料层的表面，具体地，遮光层形成步骤包括：将制备的遮光层浆料印刷于相邻的两个所述聚合物材料层中的一个的表面。UV印刷因其工艺简单、能够实现多色渐变和真彩显示效果等优点，尤其适于设有透光结构的遮光层的印刷。
为了提高遮光层600与聚合物材料层的融合性，遮光层浆料与透光性人造革的主料即形成聚合物材料层的浆料采用相同的主料，例如，透光性人造革为聚氯乙烯人造革时，透光性人造革的主料为聚氯乙烯粉，则遮光层浆料的主料亦采用聚氯乙烯，即遮光层浆料中包括聚氯乙烯粉和遮光粉，当然，可以理解的是，遮光层浆料和透光性人造革的主料还可以采用其他材料，例如氯化聚乙烯、丙烯酸、聚氨酯、硅胶、炭黑之一或者至少两者的混合物。
聚合物材料层形成步骤包括分别形成各层聚合物材料层的子步骤，例如可以采用离型纸涂覆法、压延法等方法形成各聚合物材料层。在多层聚合物材料层包括依次层叠设置的表皮层、支撑层、胶水层的实施例中，聚合物材料层形成步骤包括胶水层形成子步骤、支撑层形成子步骤和表皮层形成子步骤，而在多层聚合物材料层仅包括表皮层和支撑层的实施例中，聚合物材料层形成步骤包括表皮层形成子步骤和支撑层形成子步骤，在多层聚合物材料层仅包括表皮层和胶水层的实施例中，聚合物材料层形成步骤包括表皮层形成子步骤和胶水层形成子步骤，遮光层形成步骤穿插在各子步骤之间。由于遮光层越靠近透光性人造革的表面，光线的散射对成像的影响越小，呈现在透光性人造革表面的 图案越清晰，因此，优选地，遮光层形成步骤设置于表皮层形成子步骤与支撑层形成子步骤之间。
例如，当多层聚合物材料层仅包括表皮层和支撑层(参考图6)时，如图7所示，可采用离型纸涂覆法执行如下步骤：
S10、浆料制备步骤：制备透光表皮层浆料、支撑层浆料和遮光层浆料；
S20、表皮层形成子步骤：在离型纸上涂覆表皮层浆料形成表皮层；
S30、遮光层形成步骤：将遮光层浆料印刷于表皮层的表面；
S40、支撑层形成子步骤：在遮光层上涂覆支撑层浆料形成支撑层；
S70、将形成的各层与离型纸剥离；
S80、处理剂层形成步骤：在表皮层表面涂覆表面处理剂，还可进行压花处理，从而得到透光性人造革。
如图8所示，还可采用压延法执行如下步骤：
S100、浆料制备步骤：制备透光表皮层粉料、支撑层粉料和遮光层粉料；
S300、支撑层形成子步骤：将支撑层粉料压延形成支撑层；
S400、遮光层形成步骤：将遮光层浆料印刷于支撑层的表面；
S500、表皮层形成子步骤：在遮光层上压延表皮层粉料形成表皮层；
S600、处理剂层形成步骤：在表皮层表面涂覆表面处理剂，还可进行压花处理，从而得到透光性人造革。
当多层聚合物材料层包括表皮层、支撑层和胶水层(参考图5)时，如图9所示，可采用离型纸涂覆法执行如下步骤：
S10、浆料制备步骤：制备透光表皮层浆料、支撑层浆料、胶水层浆料和遮光层浆料；
S20、表皮层形成子步骤：在离型纸上涂覆表皮层浆料形成表皮层；
S30、遮光层形成步骤：将遮光层浆料印刷于表皮层的表面；
S40、支撑层形成子步骤：在遮光层上涂覆支撑层浆料形成支撑层；
S50、胶水层形成子步骤：在支撑层上涂覆胶水层浆料以形成胶水层；
S60、将基布贴合于胶水层；
S70、将形成的各层与离型纸剥离；
S80、处理剂层形成步骤：在表皮层表面涂覆表面处理剂，还可进行压花处理，从而得到透光性人造革。
如图10所示，还可采用压延法执行如下步骤：
S100、浆料制备步骤：制备透光表皮层粉料、支撑层粉料、胶水层浆料和遮光层浆料；
S200、胶水层形成子步骤：在基布上涂覆胶水层浆料形成胶水层；
S300、支撑层形成子步骤：在胶水层上压延支撑层粉料形成支撑层；
S400、遮光层形成步骤：将遮光层浆料印刷于支撑层的表面；
S500、表皮层形成子步骤：在遮光层上压延表皮层粉料形成表皮层；
S600、处理剂层形成步骤：在表皮层表面涂覆表面处理剂，还可进行压花处理，从而得到透光性人造革。
由于发泡会影响人造革的透光性，因此，优选地，支撑层不进行发泡工艺或进行微发泡工艺，微发泡工艺的发泡倍率小于或等于1.5，当支撑层不进行发泡工艺时，支撑层浆料中不含发泡剂，当支撑层进行微发泡工艺时，支撑层浆料中含少量发泡剂以使得发泡倍率小于或等于1.5。
进一步地，本申请还提供了一种复合革，如图所示，其包括贴附在一起的缓冲层和如上所述的透光性人造革。其中，缓冲层例如可以为透光率不低于70％的三维间隔型织物，当透光性人造革包括表皮层、支撑层、胶水层和基布时，形成的复合革的透光率能够达到8％至15％，当透光性人造革包括表皮层、支撑层和胶水层，三维间隔型织物贴附于胶水层时，形成的复合革的透光率能够达到9％至17％，当透光性人造革包括表皮层和支撑层，支撑层通过透明胶水与三维间隔型织物粘接时，形成的复合革的透光率能够达到10％至18％。再例如，缓冲层还可以为透光率8％-15％的聚氨酯海绵，聚氨酯海绵常规的连接方式通常为烧接，这种连接方式会影响复合革的整体透光率，因此，本申请中，聚氨酯海绵优选通过粘接方式与透光性人造革连接，如此，当透光性人造革包括表皮层、支撑层、胶水层和基布时，形成的复合革的透光率能够达到5％至11％，当透光性人造革包括表皮层、支撑层和胶水层，聚氨酯海绵贴附于胶水层时，形成的复合革的透光率能够达到6％至12％，当透光性人造革包括表皮层和支撑层，支撑层通过透明胶水与聚氨酯海绵粘接时，形成的复合革的透光率能够达到7％至13％。该复合革可应用于汽车内饰等场合。
三维间隔型织物包括相互平行且间隔设置的两个织物层，还包括连接两个织物层的支撑层，支撑层由连接丝线形成，为提高三维间隔型织物中的透光率， 其中一个织物层中的网孔与另一织物层中的网孔一一对正设置或者错位尺寸不超过网孔最大跨度尺寸的30％，将两个织物层的网孔之间设置为一一对正或者接近于一一对正，减少两织物层的网孔之间的交错，从而保证更多的光线穿过，连接丝线在两个织物层之间的部分呈I型设置，最大程度的降低从垂直于织物层方向看位于网孔内的连接丝线，从而进一步保证更多光线的通过。为避免连接丝线I型设置影响到三维间隔型织物的支撑性能，通过对支撑层的厚度与连接丝线的组合限定来保证三维间隔型织物的力学性能，优选地，支撑层的厚度与连接丝线的直径之比为6至55，进一步优选地为18至20。
为了提高透光率，通常是需要尽可能小的网孔密度以利于更多的光线通过，因为网孔过密会造成严重的挡光，但申请人发现，网孔密度过小会严重影响三维间隔型织物的支撑能力和弹性，若要保证三维间隔型织物的支撑能力和弹性，则势必要增加织物丝线400的粗度或者增加形成网孔的边的整体粗度，这样在光源照射下非常容易在织物表面呈现出网孔的轮廓，影响美观性。另外，在实现透光率提高的同时，还必须要兼顾弹性和支撑能力，以便保持汽车内饰应有的舒适性等要求，本申请中，织成织物层的织物丝线以及连接丝线均为透明或半透明单丝，网孔的最大跨度尺寸与织物丝线的直径之比为8-32，且网孔的尺寸大于10目。如此，既能保证三维间隔型织物的支撑强度和力学性能，又能够获得很好的透光性。
进一步地，本申请还提供了一种汽车内饰，包括上述的透光性人造革或上述的复合革。透光性人造革可应用于中控台、按钮等位置，复合革可应用于座椅、把手等位置。
进一步地，汽车内饰还包括光源，透光性人造革或复合革覆盖光源，例如，透光性人造革或复合革包覆于汽车骨架，光源安装于骨架中并位于透光性人造革或复合革的内侧，使得光源发出的光的一部分能够经透光性人造革中的镂空或透光结构透出，如此，当光源点亮时，即可在透光性人造革的表面呈现有镂空结构的形状，且图案非常清晰。且采用上述结构无需特定形状的光源，因此可采用任意结构形式的光源，例如可采用平板光源，方便装配且节约了加工成本。
本领域的技术人员能够理解的是，在不冲突的前提下，上述各优选方案可以自由地组合、叠加。
应当理解，上述的实施方式仅是示例性的，而非限制性的，在不偏离本发明的基本原理的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以针对上述细节做出的各种明显的或等同的修改或替换，都将包含于本发明的权利要求范围内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种透光性人造革，包括表面处理剂层以及层叠设置的多个聚合物材料层，所述多个聚合物材料层至少包括表皮层，所述表皮层为带颜色层，所述表面处理剂层贴覆于所述表皮层，其特征在于，所述透光性人造革还包括遮光层，所述遮光层上设置有镂空或透光结构以形成图案，所述遮光层设置在相邻的两个所述聚合物材料层之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的透光性人造革，其特征在于，所述多个聚合物材料层包括所述表皮层和贴合于所述表皮层的支撑层，所述遮光层设置于所述表皮层和所述支撑层之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的透光性人造革，其特征在于，所述多个聚合物材料层包括所述表皮层和贴合于所述表皮层的胶水层，所述遮光层设置于所述表皮层和所述胶水层之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的透光性人造革，其特征在于，所述多个聚合物材料层包括所述表皮层、贴合于所述表皮层的支撑层和贴合于所述支撑层的胶水层，所述遮光层设置于所述支撑层和所述胶水层之间。
  5. 根据权利要求2或4所述的透光性人造革，其特征在于，所述支撑层为不发泡结构或微发泡结构，所述微发泡结构的发泡倍率小于或等于1.5。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的透光性人造革，其特征在于，所述遮光层印刷于该相邻的两个所述聚合物材料层中的一个的表面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的透光性人造革，其特征在于，所述印刷方式包括UV印刷、凹版印刷、热转印或丝网印刷。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的透光性人造革，其特征在于，所述印刷过程采用的浆料中的主料与所述透光性人造革的主料相同。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的透光性人造革，其特征在于，所述遮光层覆盖与其相邻的所述聚合物材料层的整个表面。
  10. 一种透光性人造革的制备方法，所述制备方法包括形成多个聚合物材料层的聚合物材料层形成步骤和形成表面处理剂层的处理剂层形成步骤，其特征在于，所述制备方法还包括遮光层形成步骤，在所述遮光层形成步骤中，将所述遮光层形成于相邻的两个所述聚合物材料层之间，其中，所述遮光层形成 步骤中形成的所述遮光层上具有镂空或透光结构以形成图案。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的透光性人造革的制备方法，其特征在于，所述遮光层形成步骤包括：将制备的遮光层浆料印刷于相邻的两个所述聚合物材料层中的一个的表面。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的透光性人造革的制备方法，其特征在于，所述遮光层浆料的主料和所述透光性人造革的主料相同。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的透光性人造革的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括步骤：
    S20、在离型纸上涂覆表皮层浆料形成表皮层；
    S30、在所述表皮层的表面印刷形成所述遮光层；
    S40、在所述遮光层表面涂覆支撑层浆料形成支撑层。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的透光性人造革的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括步骤：
    S300、压延形成支撑层；
    S400、在所述支撑层的表面印刷形成所述遮光层；
    S500、在所述遮光层的表面压延形成表皮层。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的透光性人造革的制备方法，其特征在于，所述支撑层不进行发泡工艺或进行微发泡工艺，所述微发泡工艺的发泡倍率小于或等于1.5。
  16. 一种复合革，其特征在于，包括贴附在一起的缓冲层和如权利要求1至9任一项所述的透光性人造革。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的复合革，其特征在于，所述缓冲层为三维间隔型织物或聚氨酯海绵，
    其中，所述三维间隔型织物的透光率不低于70％；
    所述聚氨酯海绵的透光率为8％至15％。
  18. 一种汽车内饰，包括如权利要求1至9任一项所述的透光性人造革或如权利要求16或17所述的复合革。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的汽车内饰，其特征在于，还包括光源，所述透光性人造革或所述复合革覆盖所述光源，使所述光源发出的光的一部分能够经所述透光性人造革中的镂空或透光结构透出。
PCT/CN2020/082141 2020-03-30 2020-03-30 透光性人造革及其制备方法、复合革、汽车内饰 WO2021195866A1 (zh)

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