WO2021192937A1 - 熱交換器 - Google Patents
熱交換器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021192937A1 WO2021192937A1 PCT/JP2021/008827 JP2021008827W WO2021192937A1 WO 2021192937 A1 WO2021192937 A1 WO 2021192937A1 JP 2021008827 W JP2021008827 W JP 2021008827W WO 2021192937 A1 WO2021192937 A1 WO 2021192937A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- leeward
- upwind
- communication holes
- partition member
- Prior art date
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 142
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
- F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
- F28F9/0278—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of stacked distribution plates or perforated plates arranged over end plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
Definitions
- the technology of this disclosure relates to heat exchangers.
- the heat exchanger is in the air flow direction even if the partition member holes are formed at positions where a large amount of refrigerant flows in the flow path located upstream of the air flow direction. If the refrigerant is circulated in a state of being tilted to the downstream side, a large amount of the refrigerant will flow to the downstream side. This is because the lower the position of the header in the height direction in the internal space due to the influence of gravity, the more the refrigerant in the liquid phase state is distributed. That is, the ratio of the refrigerant flowing upstream in the air flow direction varies from the intended ratio depending on how the heat exchanger is installed or the air conditioner is installed.
- the technique of the present disclosure has been made in view of the above, and obtains a heat exchanger that suppresses the ratio of the refrigerant flowing into the flow path located upstream in the air flow direction from fluctuating from the intended ratio. That is one of the issues.
- a plurality of flat heat transfer tubes laminated so that their wide surfaces face each other are connected to the ends of the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes, and the refrigerant is connected to the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes.
- the header comprises a tubular main body portion, an internal space of the main body portion, a refrigerant inflow portion into which the refrigerant flows, and an upper portion located above the refrigerant inflow portion.
- the second partition member is arranged with a plurality of upwind communication holes arranged in the stacking direction of the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes and communicating the wind upper part and the connecting portion, and arranged in the stacking direction.
- a plurality of leeward communication holes for communicating the leeway and the connection portion are provided, and the refrigerant flowing into the refrigerant inflow portion is circulated inside the header to the leeway upper part and the leeward part. Further, an adjusting flow path is provided so that the flow rate of the plurality of upwind communication holes is larger than the flow rate of the plurality of leeward communication holes.
- the disclosed heat exchanger it is possible to obtain a heat exchanger that suppresses the ratio of the refrigerant flowing into the flow path located on the upstream side in the air flow direction from fluctuating from the intended ratio.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an air conditioner to which the heat exchanger according to the first embodiment is applied.
- FIG. 2A is a plan view showing the heat exchanger according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2B is a front view showing the heat exchanger according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the header of the heat exchanger according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the header of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the header of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the header of the heat exchanger according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the header of the heat exchanger according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an air conditioner to which the heat exchanger according to the first embodiment is applied.
- FIG. 2A is a plan view showing the heat exchanger according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2B
- FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the header of the heat exchanger according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the header of the heat exchanger according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the header of the heat exchanger according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the header of the heat exchanger according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a part of the header of the heat exchanger according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the header of the heat exchanger according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an air conditioner 1 to which the heat exchanger 4 and the heat exchanger 5 according to the first embodiment are applied.
- the air conditioner 1 includes an indoor unit 2 and an outdoor unit 3.
- the indoor unit 2 is provided with an indoor heat exchanger 4, and the outdoor unit 3 is provided with a compressor 6, an expansion valve 7, and a four-way valve 8 in addition to the outdoor heat exchanger 5. ..
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 6 of the outdoor unit 3 flows into the heat exchanger 4 that functions as a condenser via the four-way valve 8.
- the refrigerant is flowing in the direction indicated by the black arrow in FIG.
- the refrigerant that has exchanged heat with the external air is liquefied.
- the liquefied high-pressure refrigerant passes through the expansion valve 7 and is depressurized, and flows into the heat exchanger 5 which functions as an evaporator as a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- the refrigerant that has exchanged heat with the external air is gasified.
- the gasified low-pressure refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 6 via the four-way valve 8.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 6 of the outdoor unit 3 flows into the heat exchanger 5 that functions as a condenser via the four-way valve 8.
- the refrigerant is flowing in the direction indicated by the white arrow in FIG.
- the refrigerant that has exchanged heat with the external air is liquefied.
- the liquefied high-pressure refrigerant passes through the expansion valve 7 and is depressurized, and flows into the heat exchanger 4 which functions as an evaporator as a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- the refrigerant that has exchanged heat with the external air is gasified.
- the gasified low-pressure refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 6 via the four-way valve 8.
- the heat exchanger according to the first embodiment can be applied to both the heat exchanger 4 and the heat exchanger 5, but will be described as being applied to the heat exchanger 5 that functions as an evaporator during the heating operation.
- 2A and 2B are views for explaining the heat exchanger 5 according to the first embodiment, FIG. 2A is a plan view of the heat exchanger 5, and FIG. 2B is a front view of the heat exchanger 5.
- the heat exchanger 5 is laminated so that the wide surfaces face each other, and the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 through which the refrigerant flows are connected to the ends of the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11, and the refrigerant is diverted into the flat heat transfer tubes 11.
- the flat heat transfer tube 11 extends in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the outside air flows, which is indicated by an arrow in FIG. 2A, and has a flat cross section. Here, the outside air is circulated by blowing air from a fan (not shown).
- the flat heat transfer tube 11 has a plurality of flow paths internally extending in the same direction as the flat heat transfer tube 11 extends.
- the plurality of flow paths are arranged in the width direction of the flat heat transfer tube 11 (direction in which external air flows).
- the flat heat transfer tubes 11 are stacked in the vertical direction so that the flat surfaces (wide surfaces) of the side surfaces face each other, and the left and right ends are connected to the header 12 and the header 13. .
- a plurality of fins 14 are arranged between the header 12 and the header 13 so as to be orthogonal to the flat heat transfer tube 11.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has passed through the expansion valve 7 and has been decompressed is supplied to the header 12 by the pipe 15 and is divided into the flat heat transfer tubes 11.
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has exchanged heat with air through the fins 14 gasifies and flows out to the header 13, and the refrigerant that merges in the header 13 passes through the pipe 16 and the four-way valve 8. It is sucked into the compressor 6 via.
- the header 12 Next, the header 12 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5.
- the side of the header 12 facing the flat heat transfer tube 11 is referred to as the inside, and the side of the header 12 facing the flat heat transfer tube 11 is referred to as the outside.
- the heat exchanger 5 is arranged so that the length direction of the flat heat transfer tube 11, that is, the direction parallel to the flat surface of the flat heat transfer tube 11 is the horizontal direction.
- the heat exchanger 5 is arranged so that the stacking direction of the flat heat transfer tubes 11, that is, the direction orthogonal to the flat surface of the flat heat transfer tubes 11 is the vertical direction (vertical direction).
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the header 12 of the heat exchanger 5 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the header 12 of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the header 12 of FIG. In FIG. 3, the fin 14 is not shown.
- the header 12 includes a tubular main body portion 20, a first partition member 21 provided in the main body portion 20, and a second partition member provided in the main body portion 20. It has 22 and a third partition member 23 provided in the main body 20.
- the main body 20 has a cylindrical tubular portion 20a extending in the vertical direction, a lower wall 20b that closes the lower end opening of the tubular portion 20a, and an upper wall 20c that closes the upper end opening of the tubular portion 20a. .. That is, the main body 20 is hollow.
- the header 12 has a cylindrical shape, but the header 12 is not limited to the cylindrical shape, and may have a prismatic shape with a hollow inside.
- the first partition member 21 is formed in a disk shape extending in the horizontal direction, and divides the internal space of the main body 20 into a refrigerant inflow portion 24 and an upper portion 25 located above the refrigerant inflow portion 24. ing.
- the first partition member 21 is provided over the entire horizontal direction of the tubular portion 20a.
- a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the refrigerant inflow section 24 from the expansion valve 7 via the pipe 15.
- the second partition member 22 is provided in the upper portion 25 and is formed in a rectangular plate shape extending in the vertical direction.
- the upper portion 25 is connected to the connecting portion 26 connected to the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11, and the plurality of flat transmissions to the connecting portion 26 not connected to the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11. It is partitioned into an opposite side portion 27 located on the opposite side of the heat tube 11.
- the second partition member 22 is provided over the entire vertical direction of the upper portion 25.
- the third partition member 23 is provided in the opposite side portion 27 and is formed in a rectangular plate shape extending in the vertical direction, and the opposite side portion 27 is divided into one end side and the other end side of the external air flow.
- the heat exchanger 5 is arranged so that one end side is on the upstream side (leeward side) of the external air and the other end side is on the downstream side (leeward side) of the external air. That is, the third partition member 23 is divided into an upper wind 28 (one end side) and a lower wind 29 (the other end side) located on the leeward side of the external air flow with respect to the upper wind 28. ..
- the upper end of the third partition member 23 is connected to the upper wall 20c.
- the lower end of the third partition member 23 is separated from the first partition member 21.
- a communication passage 32 is provided between the lower end portion of the third partition member 23 and the first partition member 21. That is, a communication passage 32 is provided at the lower end of the third partition member 23.
- the lower end of the third partition member 23 is an example of the vertical end of the third partition member 23.
- the second partition member 22 is provided with a plurality of upwind communication holes 35 and a plurality of leeward communication holes 36.
- the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 penetrate the second partition member 22.
- the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 are arranged in the vertical direction and communicate the windward upper part 28 and the connecting portion 26.
- the plurality of leeward communication holes 36 penetrate the second partition member 22.
- the plurality of leeward communication holes 36 are arranged in the vertical direction and communicate with the leeward lower part 29 and the connecting portion 26.
- the number of upwind communication holes 35 and the number of leeward communication holes 36 are smaller than the number of a plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 connected to the connection portion 26, respectively.
- the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 and the plurality of leeward communication holes 36 have different cross-sectional areas depending on their positions in the vertical direction.
- the opening area (hole diameter) of a predetermined number of upwind communication holes 35 located on the upper side of the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 is the upwind communication located on the lower side of the predetermined number of upwind communication holes 35. It is larger than the opening area (hole diameter) of the hole 35.
- the opening area (hole diameter) of a predetermined number of leeward communication holes 36 located on the upper side of the plurality of leeward communication holes 36 is the opening of the leeward communication holes 36 located on the lower side of the predetermined number of leeward communication holes 36. It is larger than the area (hole diameter).
- the upwind inflow passage 31 communicates the refrigerant inflow portion 24 with the windward upper portion 28.
- the upwind inflow passage 31 is composed of through holes that penetrate the first partition member 21 in the vertical direction. Refrigerant flows into the upwind inflow path 31 from the refrigerant inflow section 24.
- the communication passage 32 is also referred to as a bypass road.
- the adjustment passage 30 includes an upwind inflow passage 31 and a communication passage 32.
- the adjusting flow path 30 circulates the refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant inflow portion 24 to the windward upper part 28 and the leeward lower part 29, and makes the flow rate of the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 larger than the flow rate of the plurality of leeward communication holes 36. ..
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant inflow portion 24 flows into the opposite side portion 27 from the upwind inflow passage 31.
- a part of the refrigerant flowing into the opposite side portion 27 rises in the windward upper portion 28, flows into the connecting portion 26 through the plurality of upwind communication holes 35, and flows into the windward upper portion in the flat heat transfer tube 11.
- the rest of the refrigerant that has flowed into the opposite side portion 27 flows into the wind lower part 29 via the communication passage 32.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the leeward 29 rises up the leeward 29, flows into the connection portion 26 through the plurality of leeward communication holes 36, and flows into the leeward in the flat heat transfer tube 11.
- the heat exchanger 5 includes a plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 and a header 12.
- the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 extend in the horizontal direction and are arranged vertically at intervals from each other, and the refrigerant flows through them.
- the header 12 is connected to the ends of the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 and distributes the refrigerant to the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11.
- the header 12 has a tubular main body portion 20, a first partition member 21, a second partition member 22, and a third partition member 23.
- the first partition member 21 divides the internal space of the main body 20 into a refrigerant inflow portion 24 into which the refrigerant flows and an upper portion 25 located above the refrigerant inflow portion 24.
- the second partition member 22 has a connecting portion 26 in which the upper portion 25 is connected to the plurality of the flat heat transfer tubes 11, and a side opposite to the connecting portion 26, which is located on the opposite side of the plurality of the flat heat transfer tubes 11. It is divided into sections 27 and 27.
- the third partition member 23 divides the opposite side portion 27 into the windward upper portion 28 and the windward lower portion 29 located on the leeward side of the external air flow with respect to the windward upper portion 28.
- a plurality of upwind communication holes 35 arranged vertically in the second partition member 22 to communicate with the windward upper portion 28 and the connecting portion 26, and a plurality of upwind communication holes 35 arranged in the vertical direction to communicate with the windward lower portion 29 and the connecting portion 26.
- a plurality of leeward communication holes 36 are provided inside the header 12, the refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant inflow portion 24 is circulated to the leeward upper part 28 and the leeward lower part 29, and the flow rate of the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 is made larger than the flow rate of the plurality of leeward communication holes 36.
- the adjustment flow path 30 is provided inside the header 12.
- the wind upper part 27 is installed even when the heat exchanger 5 is installed in an inclined state.
- the refrigerant that has risen in 28 does not move to the wind lower 29 side. Therefore, as compared with the case where the third partition member 23 is not provided, it is possible to prevent the ratio of the refrigerant flowing into the flow path located on the upstream side in the air flow direction from fluctuating from the intended ratio.
- the flow rate of the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 is larger than the flow rate of the plurality of leeward communication holes 36, the flow rate on the leeward side of the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 is on the leeward side. More refrigerant can flow in than the flow path.
- the flow rates of the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 and the plurality of leeward are adjusted by adjusting the size of each part (upwind inflow passage 31, communication passage 32) of the adjustment flow path 30.
- the flow rate of the communication hole 36 can be adjusted.
- the adjusting flow path 30 has an upwind inflow path 31 and a connecting passage 32.
- the upwind inflow passage 31 is provided in the first partition member 21, communicates the refrigerant inflow portion 24 with the windward upper portion 28, and the refrigerant flows in from the refrigerant inflow portion 24.
- the communication passage 32 is provided at the lower end portion of the third partition member 23 in the vertical direction. According to such a configuration, the adjustment flow path 30 can be configured with a relatively simple configuration.
- the header 12A according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 7.
- the heat exchanger 5 is arranged so that the length direction of the flat heat transfer tube 11, that is, the direction parallel to the flat surface of the flat heat transfer tube 11 is the horizontal direction. Further, the heat exchanger 5 is arranged so that the stacking direction of the flat heat transfer tubes 11, that is, the direction orthogonal to the flat surface of the flat heat transfer tubes 11 is the vertical direction.
- FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the header 12A of the heat exchanger 5 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the header 12A of the heat exchanger 5 according to the second embodiment.
- the adjustment flow path 30 has the upwind inflow path 31 and the leeward inflow path 33, and does not have the communication passage 32. It is different from the header 12 of the first embodiment.
- the upwind inflow passage 31 is provided in the first partition member 21, communicates the refrigerant inflow portion 24 and the windward upper portion 28, and the refrigerant flows in from the refrigerant inflow portion 24.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the upwind inflow path 31 flows out to the windward upper part 28.
- the leeward inflow passage 33 is provided in the first partition member 21, communicates the refrigerant inflow portion 24 and the leeward lower part 29, and the refrigerant flows in from the refrigerant inflow portion 24.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the leeward inflow path 33 flows out to the leeward side 29.
- the cross-sectional area of the leeward inflow path 31 (the area of the cross section orthogonal to the extension direction of the leeward inflow path 31 in the leeward inflow path 31) is the cross-sectional area of the leeward inflow path 33 (the area of the leeward inflow path 33 in the leeward inflow path 33). It is larger than the area of the cross section perpendicular to the extension direction).
- the area of the horizontal cross section of the wind upper 28 may be larger than the area of the horizontal cross section of the wind lower 29, or may be the same as the area of the horizontal cross section of the wind lower 29. ..
- the refrigerant flowing into the refrigerant inflow portion 24 is circulated to the upwind 28 and the leeward 29 by the upwind inflow passage 31 and the leeward inflow passage 33, and a plurality of upwind communication holes are provided.
- the flow rate of 35 is made larger than the flow rate of the plurality of leeward communication holes 36.
- the cross-sectional area of the upwind inflow path 31 is A
- the cross-sectional area of the leeward inflow path 33 is B
- the total opening area (total opening area) of the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 is C
- a plurality of leeward is set so that at least one of the following relationships is established.
- D / C ⁇ E A / B
- E is a positive number, for example, 2.3. Note that E is not limited to this.
- a / B C / D
- a part of the refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant inflow portion 24 flows from the upwind inflow passage 31 into the windward upper portion 28 of the opposite side portion 27.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the upper wind 28 rises in the upper wind 28, flows into the connection portion 26 through the plurality of upwind communication holes 35, and flows into the upper wind in the flat heat transfer tube 11.
- the other portion of the refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant inflow portion 24 flows from the leeward inflow passage 33 into the leeward portion 29 of the opposite side portion 27.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the leeward 29 rises up the leeward 29, flows into the connection portion 26 through the plurality of leeward communication holes 36, and flows into the leeward upper part of the flat heat transfer tube 11.
- the control flow path 30 has an upwind inflow path 31 and a leeward inflow path 33.
- the upwind inflow passage 31 is provided in the first partition member 21, communicates the refrigerant inflow portion 24 with the windward upper portion 28, and the refrigerant flows in from the refrigerant inflow portion 24.
- the leeward inflow passage 33 is provided in the first partition member 21, communicates the refrigerant inflow portion 24 and the leeward lower part 29, and the refrigerant flows in from the refrigerant inflow portion 24.
- the cross-sectional area of the upwind inflow path 31 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the leeward inflow path 33.
- the opposite side portion 27 is divided into the wind upper part 28 and the wind lower part 29 by the third partition member 23, so that the heat exchanger 5 is tilted. Even if it is installed in the above, the refrigerant that has risen in the wind upper part 28 does not move to the wind lower part 29 side. Therefore, as compared with the case where the third partition member 23 is not provided, it is possible to prevent the ratio of the refrigerant flowing into the flow path located on the upstream side in the air flow direction from fluctuating from the intended ratio.
- the flow rate of the upwind communication holes 35 can be relatively easily adjusted to the plurality of leeward communication holes 36. Can be greater than the flow rate of.
- the header 12B of the third embodiment is implemented in that the adjusting flow path 30 has an upper windward 28 and a lower windward 29 in addition to the upwind inflow passage 31 and the downwind inflow passage 33. This is different from the header 12A of Form 2.
- the area of the horizontal cross section of the wind upper part 28 is larger than the area of the horizontal cross section of the wind lower part 29.
- the cross-sectional area of the upwind inflow path 31 and the cross-sectional area of the leeward inflow path 33 are the same.
- the opposite side portion 27 is divided into the wind upper part 28 and the wind lower part 29 by the third partition member 23, so that the heat exchanger 5 is tilted. Even if it is installed in the above, the refrigerant that has risen in the wind upper part 28 does not move to the wind lower part 29 side. Therefore, as compared with the case where the third partition member 23 is not provided, it is possible to prevent the ratio of the refrigerant flowing into the flow path located on the upstream side in the air flow direction from fluctuating from the intended ratio.
- the adjustment flow path 30 has a plurality of upwind communication holes 35 and a plurality of leeward communication holes in addition to the upwind inflow path 31 and the leeward inflow path 33. It differs from the header 12A of the second embodiment in that it has 36.
- the total area (cross-sectional area) of the cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the leeward communication holes 35 in the plurality of leeward communication holes 35 is the extension of the leeward communication holes 36 in the plurality of leeward communication holes 36. It is larger than the total area (cross-sectional area) of the cross section orthogonal to the direction.
- the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 and the plurality of leeward communication holes 36 have different cross-sectional areas depending on their positions in the vertical direction.
- the cross-sectional area (hole diameter) of a predetermined number of upwind communication holes 35 located on the upper side of the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 is the upwind communication located on the lower side of the predetermined number of upwind communication holes 35. It is larger than the cross-sectional area (hole diameter) of the hole 35.
- the cross-sectional area (hole diameter) of a predetermined number of leeward communication holes 36 located on the upper side of the plurality of leeward communication holes 36 is a break of the leeward communication holes 36 located on the lower side of the predetermined number of leeward communication holes 36. It is larger than the area (hole diameter).
- the cross-sectional area of the upwind inflow path 31 and the cross-sectional area of the leeward inflow path 33 are the same.
- the opposite side portion 27 is divided into the wind upper part 28 and the wind lower part 29 by the third partition member 23, so that the heat exchanger 5 is tilted. Even if it is installed in the above, the refrigerant that has risen in the wind upper part 28 does not move to the wind lower part 29 side. Therefore, as compared with the case where the third partition member 23 is not provided, it is possible to prevent the ratio of the refrigerant flowing into the flow path located on the upstream side in the air flow direction from fluctuating from the intended ratio.
- the total cross-sectional area of the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 is larger than the total cross-sectional area of the plurality of leeward communication holes 36, so that the upwind communication holes 35 can be relatively easily formed.
- the flow rate can be higher than the flow rate of the plurality of leeward communication holes 36.
- FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the header 12D of the heat exchanger 5 according to the fifth embodiment.
- the header 12D of the fifth embodiment is the header 12 of the first embodiment in that the adjustment passage 30 has the communication passage 34 in addition to the upwind inflow passage 31 and the communication passage 32. Different for.
- the upper end portion of the third partition member 23 is separated from the upper wall 20c.
- the communication passage 34 is provided between the upper end portion of the third partition member 23 and the upper wall 20c. That is, a communication passage 34 is provided at the upper end of the third partition member 23.
- the upper end portion of the third partition member 23 is an example of the vertical end portion of the third partition member 23.
- the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 and the plurality of leeward communication holes 36 are located above the communication passage 32. Further, in the fifth embodiment, the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 and the plurality of leeward communication holes 36 have the same cross-sectional area. Further, the area of the cross section of the wind upper part 28 in the horizontal direction is larger than the cross-sectional area of the communication passage 32.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant inflow portion 24 flows from the upwind inflow passage 31 into the windward upper portion 28 of the opposite side portion 27.
- a part of the refrigerant that has flowed into the windward upper part 28 rises in the windward upper part 28, flows into the connecting portion 26 through the plurality of windward communication holes 35, and flows into the windward upper part in the flat heat transfer tube 11. Further, the other part of the refrigerant that has flowed into the upper wind 28 flows into the lower wind 29 via the communication passage 34.
- a part of the refrigerant that has flowed into the leeward side 29 descends leeward, flows into the connection portion 26 through the plurality of upwind communication holes 35, and flows into the leeward part of the flat heat transfer tube 11. Further, the other part of the refrigerant that has flowed into the lower part of the wind 29 flows into the upper part of the wind 28 through the communication passage 32, and rises the upper part of the wind 28 again. That is, a part of the refrigerant circulates between the upper wind 28 and the lower wind 29.
- the upper wind 28 is also referred to as an outward path or an ascending path
- the lower wind 29 is also referred to as a return path or a descending path.
- the backflow of the refrigerant (the downward flow of the refrigerant at the upper wind 28) is likely to be suppressed.
- the area of the cross section of the wind upper part 28 in the horizontal direction is larger than the cross-sectional area of the communication passage 32. Therefore, the backflow of the refrigerant (the downward flow of the refrigerant at the upper wind 28) is likely to be suppressed.
- the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 and the plurality of leeward communication holes 36 are located above the communication passage 32. Further, the communication passage 32 is provided at the lower end portion of the third partition member 23. Therefore, since the refrigerant easily returns from the lower part of the wind 29 to the upper part of the wind 28 via the communication passage 32, the amount of the refrigerant flowing from the lower part of the wind 29 into the connecting portion 26 is likely to be suppressed.
- FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the header 12F of the heat exchanger 5 according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a part of the header 12F of the heat exchanger 5 according to the sixth embodiment.
- the header 12F of the sixth embodiment is the header of the fifth embodiment in that the upwind communication hole 35 and the leeward communication hole 36 and a plurality of fourth partition members 40 are provided. Different for 12D.
- the sixth embodiment may be applied to other than the fifth embodiment.
- the upwind communication hole 35 and the leeward communication hole 36 are provided for each of a plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 connected to the connection portion 26, respectively. Further, the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 and the plurality of leeward communication holes 36 are formed of circular or elliptical holes. At least a part of the plurality of upwind communication holes 35 has a different cross-sectional area from each other, and at least a part of the plurality of leeward communication holes 36 has a different cross-sectional area from each other.
- the plurality of fourth partition members 40 are provided in the connecting portion 26 and are formed in a plate shape extending in the horizontal direction, and the connecting portion 26 is divided into a plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 connected to the connecting portion 26. There is.
- the plurality of fourth partition members 40 divide the connecting portion 26 into a plurality of step portions 41.
- the plurality of step portions 41 are vertically stacked via the plurality of fourth partition members 40.
- the upper windward communication hole 35 is larger than the lower windward communication hole 35. Is also close to the fourth partition member 40. Further, even in a pair of leeward communication holes 36 located on the upper side and the lower side of a fourth partition member 40, the upper leeward communication hole 36 is more than the lower leeward communication hole 36. Close to 40. At this time, the fourth partition member 40 is located above the intermediate position of the two flat heat transfer tubes 11 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant inflow portion 24 flows from the upwind inflow passage 31 into the windward upper portion 28 of the opposite side portion 27.
- a part of the refrigerant that has flowed into the windward upper part 28 rises in the windward upper part 28, flows into each step 41 of the connecting portion 26 through the plurality of windward communication holes 35, and flows into the windward upper part in the flat heat transfer tube 11. do.
- the other part of the refrigerant that has flowed into the upper wind 28 flows into the lower wind 29 via the communication passage 34.
- a part of the refrigerant that has flowed into the leeward 29 descends leeward, flows into each stage 41 of the connecting portion 26 through the plurality of leeward communication holes 36, and flows into the leeward of the flat heat transfer tube 11. Further, the other part of the refrigerant that has flowed into the lower part of the wind 29 flows into the upper part of the wind 28 through the communication passage 32, and rises the upper part of the wind 28 again.
- the upwind communication hole 35 and the leeward communication hole 36 are provided for each of the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 connected to the connection portion 26, respectively. According to such a configuration, it is easy to uniformly distribute the refrigerant to the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11.
- the header 12F has a plurality of fourth partition members 40 in which the connecting portion 26 is partitioned by the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 connected to the connecting portion 26. According to such a configuration, since the refrigerant of each stage 41 is not mixed, it is easy to more uniformly distribute the refrigerant to the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11.
- the opposite side portion 27 is divided into the windward upper portion 28 and the windward lower portion 29 by the third partition member 23, and the connecting portion 26 is divided into a plurality of step portions by the fourth partition member 40. It is divided into 41, and an upwind communication hole 35 and a leeward communication hole 36 are provided for each step 41. Therefore, the refrigerant can be more reliably distributed to the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11.
- the fourth partition member 40 is located above the intermediate position between the two flat heat transfer tubes 11 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction. According to such a configuration, the fourth partition member 40 is located below the intermediate position between the two vertically adjacent flat heat transfer tubes 11 as compared with the case where the fourth partition member 40 is located below the intermediate position. Since the distance from the lower part of the upper flat heat transfer tube 11 is reduced, the amount of refrigerant can be reduced.
- FIG. 13 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the header 12G of the heat exchanger 5 according to the seventh embodiment.
- the number of the upwind communication holes 35 and the leeward communication holes 36 and the number of the plurality of fourth partition members 40 are the header 12F of the seventh embodiment. Different for.
- the present embodiment 7 may be applied to other than the seventh embodiment.
- the number of the upwind communication hole 35 and the number of the leeward communication hole 36 are smaller than the number of the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 connected to the connection portion 26. Further, the number of upwind communication holes 35 is larger than the number of leeward communication holes 36. Further, the plurality of fourth partition members 40 divide the connecting portion 26 into a number smaller than the number of the plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 connected to the connecting portion 26. In the eighth embodiment, the plurality of fourth partition members 40 partition the connecting portion 26 so that a plurality of (for example, two) flat heat transfer tubes 11 are connected to each step portion 41.
- the configuration of the header 12G can be simplified as compared with the case where the connecting portion 26 is divided into a plurality of flat heat transfer tubes 11 connected to the connecting portion 26.
- Heat exchanger 11 Flat heat transfer tubes 12-12D, 12F, 12G, 13 ... Header 20 ... Main body 21 ... First partition member 22 ... Second partition member 23 ... Third partition member 24 ... Refrigerant inflow Part 25 ... Upper part 26 ... Connection part 27 ... Opposite side part 28 ... Windward upper part 29 ... Windward lower part 30 ... Adjustment flow path 31 ... Upwind inflow passage 32, 34 ... Communication passage 33 ... Downwind inflow passage 35 ... Upwind communication hole 36 ... Downwind communication hole 40 ... Fourth partition member
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Abstract
Description
(空気調和機)
図1は、実施の形態1に係る熱交換器4および熱交換器5が適用される空気調和機1の構成を説明する図である。図1に示すように、空気調和機1は、室内機2と、室外機3とを備える。室内機2には、室内用の熱交換器4が設けられ、室外機3には、室外用の熱交換器5のほかに、圧縮機6、膨張弁7、四方弁8が設けられている。
実施の形態1に係る熱交換器は、熱交換器4および熱交換器5のいずれにも適用可能であるが、暖房運転時に蒸発器として機能する熱交換器5に適用するものとして説明する。図2Aと図2Bとは、実施の形態1に係る熱交換器5を説明する図であって、図2Aは熱交換器5の平面図、図2Bは熱交換器5の正面図である。
次に、実施の形態1に係るヘッダ12について、図3~図5を参照して説明する。なお、本明細書では、ヘッダ12の扁平伝熱管11側を内側、ヘッダ12の扁平伝熱管11と対向する側を外側という。また、熱交換器5は、扁平伝熱管11の長さ方向、すなわち、扁平伝熱管11の扁平面と平行な方向が水平方向となるように配置される。更に、熱交換器5は、扁平伝熱管11の積層方向、すなわち、扁平伝熱管11の扁平面と直交する方向が鉛直方向(上下方向)となるように配置される。なお、熱交換器5の近傍には、図示しない送風ファンが設けられており、送風ファンは熱交換器5に外部の空気を送る。図3は、実施の形態1に係る熱交換器5のヘッダ12の斜視図である。図4は、図3のヘッダ12の水平断面図である。図5は、図3のヘッダ12の鉛直断面図である。図3では、フィン14の図示が省略されている。
実施の形態2に係るヘッダ12Aについて、図6~図7を参照して説明する。熱交換器5は、扁平伝熱管11の長さ方向、すなわち、扁平伝熱管11の扁平面と平行な方向が水平方向となるように配置される。更に、熱交換器5は、扁平伝熱管11の積層方向、すなわち、扁平伝熱管11の扁平面と直交する方向が鉛直方向となるように配置される。図6は、実施の形態2に係る熱交換器5のヘッダ12Aの鉛直断面図である。図7は、実施の形態2に係る熱交換器5のヘッダ12Aの水平断面図である。
(1)D/C≦E=A/B
ここで、Eは、正数であり、例えば、2.3である。なお、Eは、これに限定されない。
(2)A/B=C/D
実施の形態3に係るヘッダ12Bについて、図8を参照して説明する。
実施の形態4に係るヘッダ12Cについて、図9を参照して説明する。
図10は、実施の形態5に係る熱交換器5のヘッダ12Dの鉛直断面図である。
図11は、実施の形態6に係る熱交換器5のヘッダ12Fの鉛直断面図である。図12は、実施の形態6に係る熱交換器5のヘッダ12Fの一部の鉛直断面図である。
図13は、実施の形態7に係る熱交換器5のヘッダ12Gの鉛直断面図である。
11…扁平伝熱管
12~12D,12F,12G,13…ヘッダ
20…本体部
21…第1の仕切り部材
22…第2の仕切り部材
23…第3の仕切り部材
24…冷媒流入部
25…上側部
26…接続部
27…反対側部
28…風上部
29…風下部
30…調節流路
31…風上流入路
32,34…連通路
33…風下流入路
35…風上連通孔
36…風下連通孔
40…第4の仕切り部材
Claims (8)
- 幅広な面が対向するように積層された複数の扁平伝熱管と、
前記複数の扁平伝熱管の端部が接続され、前記複数の扁平伝熱管に冷媒を分流するヘッダと、を備え、
前記ヘッダは、
管状の本体部と、
前記本体部の内部空間を、冷媒が流入する冷媒流入部と、前記冷媒流入部の上側に位置する上側部と、に区画する第1の仕切り部材と、
前記上側部を、複数の前記扁平伝熱管と接続された接続部と、前記接続部に対して複数の前記扁平伝熱管の反対側に位置する反対側部と、に区画する第2の仕切り部材と、
前記反対側部を、風上部と、前記風上部に対し外部の空気の流れの風下側に位置する風下部と、に区画する第3の仕切り部材と、
を有し、
前記第2の仕切り部材に、前記複数の扁平伝熱管の積層方向に並べられ前記風上部と前記接続部とを連通する複数の風上連通孔と、前記積層方向に並べられ前記風下部と前記接続部とを連通する複数の風下連通孔と、が設けられ、
前記ヘッダの内部に、前記冷媒流入部に流入した前記冷媒を前記風上部と前記風下部とに流通させ、かつ前記複数の風上連通孔の流量を前記複数の風下連通孔の流量よりも多くする調節流路が設けられた、熱交換器。 - 前記調節流路は、
前記第1の仕切り部材に設けられ、前記冷媒流入部と前記風上部とを連通し、前記冷媒流入部から前記冷媒が流入する風上流入路と、
前記第3の仕切り部材における前記積層方向の端部に設けられた連通路と、
を有する、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。 - 前記調節流路は、
前記第1の仕切り部材に設けられ、前記冷媒流入部と前記風上部とを連通し、前記冷媒流入部から前記冷媒が流入する風上流入路と、
前記第1の仕切り部材に設けられ、前記冷媒流入部と前記風下部とを連通し、前記冷媒流入部から前記冷媒が流入する風下流入路と、
を有し、
前記風上流入路の断面積は、前記風下流入路の断面積よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。 - 前記風上連通孔と前記風下連通孔とは、それぞれ、前記接続部に接続された複数の前記扁平伝熱管ごとに設けられた、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記ヘッダは、前記接続部を前記接続部に接続された複数の前記扁平伝熱管ごとに区画する複数の第4の仕切り部材を有する、請求項4に記載の熱交換器。
- 互いに断面積が異なる複数の前記風上連通孔と、互いに断面積が異なる複数の前記風上連通孔とが、設けられた、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記調節流路は、前記複数の風上連通孔と、前記複数の風下連通孔と、を有し、
前記複数の風上連通孔の断面積の合計は、前記複数の風下連通孔の断面積の合計よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。 - 前記調節流路は、前記風上部と、前記風下部と、を有し、
前記風上部の水平方向の断面の面積は、前記風下部の前記水平方向の断面の面積よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
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EP21775647.7A EP4130639A4 (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2021-03-05 | HEAT EXCHANGER |
AU2021243677A AU2021243677B2 (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2021-03-05 | Heat exchanger |
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JP2001215096A (ja) * | 2000-02-01 | 2001-08-10 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 熱交換器 |
JP2014037899A (ja) | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-27 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 熱交換器 |
JP2014137177A (ja) * | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-28 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 熱交換器および冷凍装置 |
JP2018536835A (ja) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-12-13 | ダンフォス・マイクロ・チャンネル・ヒート・エクスチェンジャー・(ジャシン)・カンパニー・リミテッド | 熱交換器のためのヘッダーパイプおよび熱交換器 |
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JP2017211113A (ja) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | パラレルフロー型熱交換器 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2021243677A1 (en) | 2022-10-06 |
JP6930622B1 (ja) | 2021-09-01 |
US20230085871A1 (en) | 2023-03-23 |
EP4130639A4 (en) | 2024-03-27 |
AU2021243677B2 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
JP2021152433A (ja) | 2021-09-30 |
EP4130639A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
CN115280091A (zh) | 2022-11-01 |
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