WO2021189511A1 - 一种镧铈钇镁中间合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种镧铈钇镁中间合金及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021189511A1
WO2021189511A1 PCT/CN2020/082387 CN2020082387W WO2021189511A1 WO 2021189511 A1 WO2021189511 A1 WO 2021189511A1 CN 2020082387 W CN2020082387 W CN 2020082387W WO 2021189511 A1 WO2021189511 A1 WO 2021189511A1
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cerium
yttrium
lanthanum
oxide
magnesium
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PCT/CN2020/082387
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French (fr)
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许瑞高
张财淦
朱福生
杨清
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龙南龙钇重稀土科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021189511A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021189511A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C28/00Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/36Alloys obtained by cathodic reduction of all their ions

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  • the invention relates to the field of magnesium master alloy forging, in particular to a lanthanum-cerium-yttrium-magnesium master alloy and a preparation method thereof.
  • Ordinary magnesium alloys have weaknesses such as low strength, difficult deformation, poor corrosion resistance, and low service temperature.
  • the addition of a proper amount of rare earth elements to the magnesium alloy can play a role of modification, achieve the function of refining the structure, and also have the functions of impurity removal and degassing, thereby improving the casting, wear and corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy.
  • the melting point of rare earth elements is much higher than that of magnesium elements, rare earth metals cannot be directly added to magnesium alloys and it is difficult to melt them. They can only be added as rare earth magnesium master alloys.
  • Traditional rare earth magnesium master alloys are prepared by melting rare earth metals and magnesium metals in a vacuum furnace. This method cannot be popularized and applied due to the expensive single rare earth metal, cumbersome operation and continuous production, resulting in low output and high cost. There is an urgent need to adopt new processes to reduce the cost of preparation in order to better promote and apply.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a lanthanum-cerium-yttrium-magnesium master alloy realized by a multi-element eutectoid and intermittent heating electrolysis method and a preparation method thereof. .
  • the present invention provides a lanthanum-cerium-yttrium-magnesium master alloy.
  • the mass percentage of each element is as follows:
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of lanthanum-cerium-yttrium-magnesium master alloy, which comprises the following steps:
  • Configure oxide materials weigh 40-50 parts by mass of yttrium oxide, 14-16 parts by mass of lanthanum oxide, 27-33 parts by mass of cerium oxide, and 1-19 parts by mass of magnesium oxide into the preparation container. Mix thoroughly and evenly to obtain mixed rare earth oxide materials,
  • the cerium oxide in the step b is tetravalent cerium oxide.
  • the preparation steps of the tetravalent cerium oxide are as follows:
  • cerium chloride solution with a concentration of 1.0M, add a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide, stir, then add 10% oxalic acid solution according to the calculation, and stir while adding. After the rare earth precipitation is complete, filter it to obtain cerium oxalate. Sintered at a temperature of about 900°C to prepare tetravalent cerium oxide.
  • the adding rate of the oxide material is controlled at 0.05kg-0.10kg/min.
  • the furnace temperature is controlled between 940°C and 1050°C during the process of adding the oxide material.
  • the arcing rod is inserted into the molten salt to start the secondary arcing to control the furnace temperature, and the arcing power is controlled at 20kw-24kw.
  • the present invention adopts rare earth oxide multi-element eutectoid method and discontinuous heating method to prepare lanthanum-cerium-yttrium-magnesium master alloy by electrolysis, which can realize continuous operation, greatly reduce production cost, and improve production efficiency. It is used in magnesium alloys to create good conditions and provide a new preparation process for multi-element rare earth magnesium master alloys. Meet the requirements of the development of rare earth magnesium alloys.
  • This embodiment provides a lanthanum-cerium-yttrium-magnesium master alloy, and the mass percentage of each element is as follows:
  • This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a lanthanum-cerium-yttrium-magnesium master alloy, which includes the following steps:
  • Configure oxide materials weigh 40-50 parts by mass of yttrium oxide, 14-16 parts by mass of lanthanum oxide, 27-33 parts by mass of cerium oxide, and 1-19 parts by mass of magnesium oxide into the preparation container. Mix thoroughly and evenly to obtain mixed rare earth oxide materials,
  • the cerium oxide in step b is tetravalent cerium oxide
  • the preparation steps of the tetravalent cerium oxide are as follows. Take 500L of 1.0M cerium chloride solution, add a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide, stir, and then add according to the calculation The 10% oxalic acid solution was added while stirring, and after the precipitation of the rare earths was complete, it was filtered and filtered to obtain cerium oxalate. The cerium oxalate was burnt at a temperature of about 900° C. to obtain tetravalent cerium oxide.
  • the adding rate of the oxide material is controlled at 0.05kg-0.10kg/min, and the furnace temperature is controlled at 940°C-1050°C during the process of adding the oxide material.
  • the electrolysis reaches 300-420 minutes, the The arcing rod is inserted into the molten salt to start the second arcing to control the furnace temperature.
  • the arcing power is controlled at 20kw-24kw.
  • a 4000A12V electrolytic cell is used to prepare a lanthanum-cerium-yttrium-magnesium master alloy with a composition of 10% mg + 90% RE (containing 50% y + 17.5% La + 32.5% Ce).
  • Preparation of stable tetravalent cerium oxide take 500L of 1.0M cerium chloride solution, add a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide, stir, then add 10% oxalic acid solution according to the calculation, stir while adding, and wait until the rare earth precipitation is complete After static and filtration, cerium oxalate is obtained. The cerium oxalate is burnt at a temperature of about 900° C. to obtain about 85 kg of tetravalent cerium oxide.
  • Preparation of oxide materials calculate the amount of yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, and magnesium oxide according to the designed composition, weigh 45kg yttrium oxide, 15.75kg lanthanum oxide, 29.25kg cerium oxide, and 10kg magnesium oxide and add In the preparation container, mix thoroughly and evenly, and prepare 100 kg of mixed rare earth oxide material.
  • Molten salt melting add the prepared batches of fluoride molten salt to the installed and built 4000A electrolysis furnace, use the arc machine to short-circuit the arc with the black electrode of the arc machine, and add fluoride while melting, and wait for the fluoride to melt.
  • the volume reaches 80% of the furnace hall volume, stop feeding and continue arcing to bring the molten salt temperature to about 1000°C, stop arcing, and remove the arcing machine. At this time, about 150kg of fluoride is used to remove the fluoride.
  • Electrolysis Insert the electrolytic cathode into the molten salt that has been arced and heated to about 1000°C, energize, control the current and voltage, and gradually add 6kg of the prepared oxide mixture within about 50 minutes, according to the electrolysis reaction. , Control the feeding speed and furnace temperature.
  • a 4000A12V electrolytic cell was used to prepare a lanthanum-cerium-yttrium-magnesium intermediate alloy with a composition of 20% mg + 80% RE (containing 50% y + 17.5% La + 32.5% Ce).
  • Preparation of stable tetravalent cerium oxide take 500L of 1.0M cerium chloride solution, add a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide, stir, then add 10% oxalic acid solution according to the calculation, stir while adding, and wait until the rare earth precipitation is complete After static and filtration, cerium oxalate is obtained. The cerium oxalate is burnt at a temperature of about 900° C. to obtain about 85 kg of tetravalent cerium oxide.
  • Preparation of oxide materials calculate the amount of yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, and magnesium oxide according to the designed composition, weigh 40kg yttrium oxide, 14kg lanthanum oxide, 26kg cerium oxide, and 20kg magnesium oxide into the preparation container Mix well, and prepare 100kg of mixed rare earth oxide material.
  • Molten salt melting add the prepared batches of fluoride molten salt to the installed and built 4000A electrolysis furnace, use the arc machine to short-circuit the arc with the black electrode of the arc machine, and add fluoride while melting, and wait for the fluoride to melt.
  • the volume reaches 80% of the furnace hall volume, stop feeding and continue arcing to bring the molten salt temperature to about 1000°C, stop arcing, and remove the arcing machine. At this time, about 150kg of fluoride is used to remove the fluoride.
  • Electrolysis Insert the electrolytic cathode into the molten salt that has been arced and heated to about 1000°C, energize, control the current and voltage, and gradually add 6kg of the prepared oxide mixture within about 50 minutes, according to the electrolysis reaction. , Control the feeding speed and furnace temperature.
  • the electrolytic preparation of lanthanum-cerium-yttrium-magnesium master alloys by using the rare earth oxide multi-element eutectoid method and the discontinuous heating method can realize continuous operation, greatly reduce production costs, and improve production efficiency.
  • Lanthanum, cerium, and yttrium are used in magnesium alloys to create good conditions and provide a new multi-element rare earth magnesium master alloy preparation process to meet the development requirements of rare earth magnesium alloys.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
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Abstract

一种镧铈钇镁中间合金及其制备方法,其中各个元素的质量百分比如下,镧15%-17%,铈29%-33%,钇40%-50%,镁6%-10%,碳≤0.20%;氧≤0.10%,其它杂质元素总和≤0.50%。采用稀土氧化物多元素共析法和间断加热法,电解制备镧铈钇镁中间合金,可以实现连续操作,大大降低生产成本,提高生产效率,为广泛将价值低的镧、铈、钇应用于镁合金中,创造很好的条件,提供一种新的多元素稀土镁中间合金制备工艺,满足稀土镁合金发展的要求。

Description

一种镧铈钇镁中间合金及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及镁中间合金锻造领域,尤其涉及一种镧铈钇镁中间合金及其制备方法。
背景技术
普通镁合金具有强度低、变形困难、耐腐蚀性差、使用温度低等弱点。镁合金中添加适量稀土元素,可以起到变质作用,达到细化组织的功能,同时还有除杂、去气的作用,从而提高镁合金的铸造、耐磨耐蚀性能。但由于稀土元素的熔点大大高于镁元素,不能直接用稀土金属加入镁合金中很难熔化,只能以稀土镁中间合金加入。传统稀土镁中间合金是采用稀土金属和镁金属在真空炉内熔配制得,这种方法由于单一稀土金属贵、操作繁琐、不能连续生产,造成产量低,成本高,无法推广应用。迫切需要采用新的工艺,降低制备成本,以更好推广应用。
因此,针对现有技术的缺陷,需要设计一种新的技术方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种通过多元素共析和间断加热法电解法实现的镧铈钇镁中间合金及其制备方法。。
为实现前述目的,本发明提供一种镧铈钇镁中间合金,各个元素的质量百分比如下,
镧 15%-17%
铈 29%-33%
钇 40%-50%
镁 6%-10%
碳≤0.20%;氧≤0.10%;其它杂质元素总和≤0.50%。
本发明还提供一种镧铈钇镁中间合金的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
a、配置氟化物熔盐,称取70-90质量份数的氟化钇和10-30质量份数氟化锂,
b、配置氧化物物料,称取40-50质量份数的氧化钇、14-16质量份数氧化镧、27-33质量份数氧化铈、1-19质量份数氧化镁加入配制容器中,充分混合均匀,得到混合稀土氧化物物料,
c、将配置好的氟化物熔盐分次加入到电解炉中,用打弧机石黑电极通电短路进行打弧,边熔化边加入氟化物熔盐,待氟化物熔化量达到炉膛80%容积的时候,停止加料,继续打弧,使熔盐温度达到1000℃,然后已开打弧机,停止打弧,
d、将电解阴极插入到熔盐中,控制电流和电压在11.5V-12.5V,电解5-10分钟之后,加入配置好的氧化物物料,
e、电解达到50-60分钟后,停止电解,将装有合金的坩埚夹起,倒入铁模中,待冷却后将熔盐分离,剩余的得到所述镧铈钇镁中间合金。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述步骤b中的氧化铈为4价氧化铈。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述4价氧化铈的制取步骤如下,
取500L浓度为1.0M的氯化铈溶液,加入一定量双氧水,搅拌,然后按计算加入10%的草酸溶液,边加边搅拌,待稀土沉淀完全后静,过滤,得到草酸铈,将草酸铈在900℃左右的温度下灼烧,制得4价氧化铈。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述步骤d中,氧化物物料的加入速度控制在0.05kg-0.10kg/min。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述氧化物物料加入过程中控制炉温在940℃-1050℃。
作为本发明的进一步改进,当电解到300-420分钟时,将打弧棒插入熔盐中,启动二次打弧,以控制炉温,打弧的功率控制在20kw-24kw。
本发明有益效果:
本发明采用稀土氧化物多元素共析法和间断加热法,电解制备镧铈钇镁中间合金,可以实现连续操作,大大降低生产成本,提高生产效率,为广泛将价值低的镧、铈、钇应用于镁合金中,创造很好的条件,提供一种新的多元素稀土镁中间合金制备工艺。满足稀土镁合金发展的要求。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
本实施方式提供了一种一种镧铈钇镁中间合金,各个元素的质量百分比如下,
镧 15%-17%
铈 29%-33%
钇 40%-50%
镁 6%-10%
碳≤0.20%;氧≤0.10%;其它杂质元素总和≤0.50%。
本实施方式还提供一种镧铈钇镁中间合金的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
a、配置氟化物熔盐,称取70-90质量份数的氟化钇和10-30质量份数氟化锂,
b、配置氧化物物料,称取40-50质量份数的氧化钇、14-16质量份数氧化镧、27-33质量份数氧化铈、1-19质量份数氧化镁加入配制容器中,充分混合均匀,得到混合稀土氧化物物料,
c、将配置好的氟化物熔盐分次加入到电解炉中,用打弧机石黑电极通电短路进行打弧,边熔化边加入氟化物熔盐,待氟化物熔化量达到炉膛80%容 积的时候,停止加料,继续打弧,使熔盐温度达到1000℃,然后已开打弧机,停止打弧,
d、将电解阴极插入到熔盐中,控制电流和电压在11.5V-12.5V,电解5-10分钟之后,加入配置好的氧化物物料,
e、电解达到50-60分钟后,停止电解,将装有合金的坩埚夹起,倒入铁模中,待冷却后将熔盐分离,剩余的得到所述镧铈钇镁中间合金。
其中所述步骤b中的氧化铈为4价氧化铈,所述4价氧化铈的制取步骤如下,取500L浓度为1.0M的氯化铈溶液,加入一定量双氧水,搅拌,然后按计算加入10%的草酸溶液,边加边搅拌,待稀土沉淀完全后静,过滤,得到草酸铈,将草酸铈在900℃左右的温度下灼烧,制得4价氧化铈。
所述步骤d中,氧化物物料的加入速度控制在0.05kg-0.10kg/min,所述氧化物物料加入过程中控制炉温在940℃-1050℃,当电解到300-420分钟时,将打弧棒插入熔盐中,启动二次打弧,以控制炉温,打弧的功率控制在20kw-24kw。
为了更好的体现本发明的突出性特点,下面结合具体的制备实施例来做进一步的阐述。
实施例1
采用4000A12V电解槽,制备成份为10%mg+90%RE(其中含50%y+17.5%La+32.5%Ce)的镧铈钇镁中间合金。
具体步骤是:
1、稳定4价氧化铈的制取:取500L浓度为1.0M的氯化铈溶液,加入一定量双氧水,搅拌,然后按计算加入10%的草酸溶液,边加边搅拌,待稀土沉淀完全后静,过滤,得到草酸铈,将草酸铈在900℃左右的温度下灼烧,制得4价氧化铈约85kg。
2、氟化物熔盐的配制:取氟化钇196.2kg和氟化锂21.8kg,按氟化钇: 氟化锂=90:10的比例混匀配制218kg氟化物熔盐。
3、氧化物物料的配制:按设计好的成分计算好氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化铈、氧化镁的量,分别称取45kg氧化钇、15.75kg氧化镧、29.25kg氧化铈、10kg氧化镁加入配制容器中,充分混合均匀,配制好100kg混合稀土氧化物料。
4、熔盐熔化:将配制好的分批氟化物熔盐加入安装和筑好的4000A电解炉中,用打弧机石黑电极通电短路打弧,边熔化边加入氟化物,待氟化物熔化量达到炉堂80%容积时,停止加料,继续打弧,使熔盐温度达到1000℃左右,停止打弧,将打弧机移开,此时用去氟化物约150kg。
5、电解:将电解阴极插入已打弧加热至1000℃左右的熔融熔盐中,通电,控制好电流和电压,在约50分钟内逐渐加入配制好的氧化物混合料6kg,根据电解反应情况,控制好加料速度和炉温。
6、出炉:当电解时间达到1小时时,关掉电源外起阴极,用夹子夹起炉中的装有合金的坩埚,倒入铁模中,待冷却后与熔盐分离,得到镧铈钇镁中间合金2.8kg。
7、炉外加温:当电解进行到一定时候,炉温降低,电解反应无法进行,这时将打弧棒插入熔盐中,启动小功率打弧,以提高炉温,保证电解所需要的温度。
实施例2
采用4000A12V电解槽,制备成份为20%mg+80%RE(其中含50%y+17.5%La+32.5%Ce)的镧铈钇镁中间合金。
具体步骤是:
1、稳定4价氧化铈的制取:取500L浓度为1.0M的氯化铈溶液,加入一定量双氧水,搅拌,然后按计算加入10%的草酸溶液,边加边搅拌,待稀土沉淀完全后静,过滤,得到草酸铈,将草酸铈在900℃左右的温度下灼烧,制得4价氧化铈约85kg。
2、氟化物熔盐的配制:取氟化钇152.6kg和氟化锂65.4kg,按氟化钇:氟化锂=70:30的比例混匀配制218kg氟化物熔盐。
3、氧化物物料的配制:按设计好的成分计算好氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化铈、氧化镁的量,分别称取40kg氧化钇、14kg氧化镧、26kg氧化铈、20kg氧化镁加入配制容器中,充分混合均匀,配制好100kg混合稀土氧化物料。
4、熔盐熔化:将配制好的分批氟化物熔盐加入安装和筑好的4000A电解炉中,用打弧机石黑电极通电短路打弧,边熔化边加入氟化物,待氟化物熔化量达到炉堂80%容积时,停止加料,继续打弧,使熔盐温度达到1000℃左右,停止打弧,将打弧机移开,此时用去氟化物约150kg。
5、电解:将电解阴极插入已打弧加热至1000℃左右的熔融熔盐中,通电,控制好电流和电压,在约50分钟内逐渐加入配制好的氧化物混合料6kg,根据电解反应情况,控制好加料速度和炉温。
6、出炉:当电解时间达到1小时时,关掉电源外起阴极,用夹子夹起炉中的装有合金的坩埚,倒入铁模中,待冷却后与熔盐分离,得到镧铈钇镁中间合金2.8kg。
7、炉外加温:当电解进行到一定时候,炉温降低,电解反应无法进行,这时将打弧棒插入熔盐中,启动小功率打弧,以提高炉温,保证电解所需要的温度。
实施例1和2,通过采用稀土氧化物多元素共析法和间断加热法,电解制备镧铈钇镁中间合金,可以实现连续操作,大大降低生产成本,提高生产效率,为广泛将价值低的镧、铈、钇应用于镁合金中,创造很好的条件,提供一种新的多元素稀土镁中间合金制备工艺,满足稀土镁合金发展的要求。
应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施方式中的技术方案也可以 经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的具体说明,它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围,凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施方式或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种镧铈钇镁中间合金,其特征在于:各个元素的质量百分比如下,
    镧15%-17%
    铈29%-33%
    钇40%-50%
    镁6%-10%
    碳≤0.20%;氧≤0.10%;其它杂质元素总和≤0.50%。
  2. 一种镧铈钇镁中间合金的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤,
    a、配置氟化物熔盐,称取70-90质量份数的氟化钇和10-30质量份数氟化锂,
    b、配置氧化物物料,称取40-50质量份数的氧化钇、14-16质量份数氧化镧、27-33质量份数氧化铈、1-19质量份数氧化镁加入配制容器中,充分混合均匀,得到混合稀土氧化物物料,
    c、将配置好的氟化物熔盐分次加入到电解炉中,用打弧机石黑电极通电短路进行打弧,边熔化边加入氟化物熔盐,待氟化物熔化量达到炉膛80%容积的时候,停止加料,继续打弧,使熔盐温度达到1000℃,然后已开打弧机,停止打弧,
    d、将电解阴极插入到熔盐中,控制电流和电压在11.5V-12.5V,电解5-10分钟之后,加入配置好的氧化物物料,
    e、电解达到50-60分钟后,停止电解,将装有合金的坩埚夹起,倒入铁模中,待冷却后将熔盐分离,剩余的得到所述镧铈钇镁中间合金。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的镧铈钇镁中间合金的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤b中的氧化铈为4价氧化铈。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的镧铈钇镁中间合金的制备方法,其特征在于:所述4价氧化铈的制取步骤如下,
    取500L浓度为1.0M的氯化铈溶液,加入一定量双氧水,搅拌,然后按 计算加入10%的草酸溶液,边加边搅拌,待稀土沉淀完全后静,过滤,得到草酸铈,将草酸铈在900℃左右的温度下灼烧,制得4价氧化铈。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的镧铈钇镁中间合金的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤d中,氧化物物料的加入速度控制在0.05kg-0.10kg/min。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的镧铈钇镁中间合金的制备方法,其特征在于:所述氧化物物料加入过程中控制炉温在940℃-1050℃。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的镧铈钇镁中间合金的制备方法,其特征在于:当电解到300-420分钟时,将打弧棒插入熔盐中,启动二次打弧,以控制炉温,打弧的功率控制在20kw-24kw。
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