WO2021189180A1 - 果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法及保鲜材料及保鲜材料的应用 - Google Patents

果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法及保鲜材料及保鲜材料的应用 Download PDF

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WO2021189180A1
WO2021189180A1 PCT/CN2020/080617 CN2020080617W WO2021189180A1 WO 2021189180 A1 WO2021189180 A1 WO 2021189180A1 CN 2020080617 W CN2020080617 W CN 2020080617W WO 2021189180 A1 WO2021189180 A1 WO 2021189180A1
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fresh
potassium permanganate
keeping
porous material
wood
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PCT/CN2020/080617
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English (en)
French (fr)
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秦正朋
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秦正朋
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A23B7/152—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O ; Elimination of such other gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fruit and vegetable preservation, in particular to a preparation method of a fruit and vegetable preservation material, a preservation material and an application of the preservation material.
  • ethylene removal agents used for the preservation of fruits and vegetables are based on the principle of physical adsorption or chemical oxidation.
  • Physical adsorption usually uses porous materials such as molecular sieves, alumina, silica, etc. for adsorption.
  • the adsorbent and ethylene rely on intermolecular forces. Combination, weak interaction force, poor adsorption effect, and the problem of adsorption saturation; chemical oxidation such as the use of strong oxidants such as ClO 2 , O 3 and CaO 2 to oxidize ethylene into acetic acid, ethylene glycol, CO 2 and other substances to remove ethylene
  • ClO 2 and O 3 have certain toxicity and strong irritating odor. CaO 2 easily reacts with water vapor in the air and becomes invalid, which causes problems such as poor preservation of fruits and vegetables and potential safety hazards.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a preparation method of a fruit and vegetable preservation material, a preservation material and an application of the preservation material, and solves the problems of poor preservation effect, high cost, and unfavorable environmental protection in related technologies.
  • a method for preparing a fresh-keeping material for fruits and vegetables including the following steps: processing a porous material; loading the processed porous material with potassium permanganate to prepare the fresh-keeping material; wherein ,
  • the porous material is at least one of wood and straw.
  • the step of processing the porous material includes: preparing the wood into shavings or wood chips, and/or preparing the straw into crushed materials.
  • the step of processing the porous material includes: dehydrating the porous material.
  • the step of dehydration treatment is: baking the porous material at a temperature of 100-300° C. for 0.5-5 hours.
  • the step of loading the processed porous material with potassium permanganate is: placing the porous material in a potassium permanganate solution of a predetermined concentration, immersing it at room temperature for 10 minutes to 5 hours, taking it out, and performing dehydration. deal with.
  • the step of dehydration treatment is: baking the porous material impregnated with potassium permanganate at a temperature of 100-300° C. for 0.5-5 hours.
  • the step of loading the processed porous material with potassium permanganate is: spraying a potassium permanganate solution of a predetermined concentration evenly on the surface of the porous material, and repeating spraying and drying after natural drying. Do it 5-20 times.
  • the concentration of the predetermined concentration of potassium permanganate solution is 0.0025-0.25 mol/L.
  • a fresh-keeping material for extending the fresh-keeping period of fruits and vegetables.
  • the fresh-keeping material is a porous material loaded with potassium permanganate; wherein the porous material is at least one of wood and straw. A sort of.
  • the wood is shavings material or sawdust material, and the straw is crushed material.
  • the potassium permanganate is a potassium permanganate solution with a predetermined concentration, and the predetermined concentration is 0.0025-0.25 mol/L.
  • the fresh-keeping material is a porous material loaded with potassium permanganate, and the porous material is at least one of wood and straw;
  • the material is used to extend the fresh-keeping period of fruits and vegetables; when the fresh-keeping material is used, it is put into a non-woven bag according to a predetermined amount, and then stored together with the fruits and vegetables.
  • the fresh-keeping material and the fruits and vegetables are stored in a weight ratio of 1:50-1:500.
  • the fresh-keeping material utilizes natural porous materials, has low cost, is safe and environmentally friendly, and has a simple preparation method, convenient use and recycling.
  • Fig. 1 is a microstructure diagram of a porous material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a test data of ethylene oxidation by a fresh-keeping material according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically a graph of the conversion rate of ethylene with a concentration of 10000 ppm at room temperature and a space velocity of 197 ml/min.
  • stalk is a general term for the stems and leaves (ears) of mature crops.
  • it can include the remaining parts of wheat, rice, corn, tubers, rape, cotton, sugarcane, and other crops (usually coarse grains) after harvesting the seeds.
  • the straw may include at least one of rice straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, cotton straw, and hemp straw.
  • the hemp straw may include hemp straw, flax straw, hemp straw, and the like.
  • blankings refers to sheet-like and/or strip-like materials with a certain shape and size made by mechanical processing of wood or non-wood raw materials.
  • sawdust refers to the rod-shaped and/or granular scraps of a certain shape and size obtained by mechanical processing of wood raw materials.
  • the timber species involved include but are not limited to poplar, willow, paulownia, etc.
  • the method for preparing the fresh-keeping material for fruits and vegetables includes the following steps: processing the porous material; loading the processed porous material with potassium permanganate to prepare the fresh-keeping material; wherein the porous material is wood or straw At least one.
  • the fresh-keeping material for fruits and vegetables in the embodiments of the present invention adopts porous carrier materials to support oxidants.
  • wood and straw are natural porous materials with a wide range of sources and low cost; potassium permanganate oxidants have strong oxidizing properties and toxicological effects.
  • the performance is relatively weak; on the one hand, the porous structure of wood and straw can support potassium permanganate to form a safe and environmentally-friendly fresh-keeping material. Realize the extension of the preservation period of fruits and vegetables.
  • the porous material adopts at least one of wood and straw, and in order to improve its subsequent adsorption performance, it is pretreated, and then the oxidant is loaded.
  • drying, cutting, crushing, and screening the obtained wood and straw raw materials to obtain a carrier material of a certain size is not only convenient for subsequent loading operations, but the fresh-keeping material prepared therefrom is compared with zeolite and molecular sieves commonly used in the prior art.
  • Diatomite and other granular or powdered carrier materials can avoid contamination of the surface of fruits and vegetables when using larger-sized fresh-keeping materials, and are easy to recycle.
  • the wood and straw raw materials can also be obtained sawdust or processing waste of a certain size, packaged in a non-woven bag with good air permeability, and used for preservation of fruits and vegetables to realize the transformation of waste into treasure.
  • the porous material of the embodiment of the present invention has a smaller density than diatomaceous earth, zeolite, molecular sieve, porous Al 2 O 3, etc., which is convenient to reduce storage and transportation costs; and wood and straw are rich in cellulose.
  • the surface is rich in a large number of hydroxyl groups, which is beneficial to improve the adsorption of potassium permanganate, thereby enhancing the elimination of ethylene.
  • the treated wood and straw have, for example, a larger specific surface area and a stable internal porous structure.
  • loading potassium permanganate can increase the loading rate of potassium permanganate, thereby improving the oxidation performance of the fresh-keeping material .
  • the steps of processing the porous material include: preparing wood into shavings or wood chips, and/or preparing straw into crushed materials.
  • wood raw materials for example, perform the following treatments:
  • chipper chipper, etc. to process wood raw materials into shavings of a certain size and shape, or wood chips of smaller size.
  • the straw raw materials are cut, mechanically crushed and other treatments.
  • the processed wood materials and/or straw materials can also be air-selected to remove impurities, and screened to select materials of the required size.
  • the wood shavings or wood chips may be waste materials directly obtained from a wood processing plant, which is convenient for users to obtain and simplifies the processing of wood raw materials.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adopts wood shavings or sawdust, or crushed straw material, which on the one hand facilitates subsequent loading operations; on the other hand, the prepared fresh-keeping material can be packaged in a breathable non-woven bag during use , Environmental protection and easy recycling.
  • wood, straw, etc. are all light-density materials. Compared with materials with higher density such as alumina and diatomaceous earth, they can reduce transportation costs when used for the storage, transportation and circulation of fruits and vegetables.
  • the step of processing the porous material further includes: dehydrating the porous material.
  • the porous material can be dehydrated for later use.
  • the moisture content of the fresh-keeping material is controlled within a certain range, such as improving its anti-corrosion and anti-mildew properties, and at the same time facilitating the subsequent full loading of potassium permanganate.
  • the step of dehydration treatment is: baking the porous material at a temperature of 100-300°C for 0.5-5 hours; preferably, baking at a temperature of 120-200°C for 0.5-1.5 hours to ensure the porous material
  • the lignin, cellulose, etc. are not destroyed, and a good pore structure is maintained, which is convenient to improve the adsorption of the subsequent potassium permanganate aqueous solution.
  • wood and straw are composed of criss-crossing pipes to form a porous structure, which is dehydrated by heat treatment, which helps maintain the stability of the porous structure (for example, heat treatment is used to make the crystal form of cellulose more stable, thereby improving the tubular structure. Stability) to ensure its specific surface area, thereby improving its adsorption performance.
  • the step of loading the processed porous material with potassium permanganate is: placing the porous material in a potassium permanganate solution of a predetermined concentration, immersing it at room temperature for 10 minutes to 5 hours, and taking it out , Perform dehydration treatment.
  • Wood and straw are rich in organic components such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and the surface is rich in a large number of hydroxyl groups, which has strong water absorption. It is soaked in potassium permanganate at room temperature, and the operation is simple and effective.
  • the impregnation method means that the active components are loaded on the carrier through the impregnated carrier.
  • the impregnation method is used to load potassium permanganate, which is beneficial to improve the uniformity of potassium permanganate load and increase the load per unit area. For example, this method can be used when there are a large number of fruits and vegetables in the process of preservation and transportation.
  • the potassium permanganate solution is prepared for immediate use to improve its oxidation effect.
  • the dehydration treatment step is: baking the porous material impregnated with potassium permanganate at a temperature of 100-500°C for 0.5-5 hours; preferably, baking at a temperature of 120-200°C for 0.5-1.5 hours.
  • Dewatering the porous material before loading and dehydrating after loading can further improve the structural stability of the material, and at the same time improve the loading stability of potassium permanganate, and extend its use effect.
  • dehydration treatment may adopt other methods, and is not limited to heat treatment.
  • the step of loading the processed porous material with potassium permanganate is: uniformly spraying a potassium permanganate solution of a predetermined concentration on the surface of the porous material, and repeating spraying and drying after natural drying. 5-20 times.
  • a method of spraying the potassium permanganate solution onto the surface of the porous material can be used.
  • This method is simple to operate and can eliminate the dehydration treatment step.
  • users can prepare fresh-keeping materials by themselves, which is more feasible.
  • it is also possible to carry out dehydration treatment or heat treatment after loading potassium permanganate.
  • the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution with a predetermined concentration is 0.0025-0.25 mol/L; preferably, the concentration is 0.05-0.2 mol/L.
  • the concentration of potassium permanganate is reasonably adjusted to achieve a higher ethylene oxidation rate.
  • the concentration of potassium permanganate and the immersion time can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a fresh-keeping material for extending the fresh-keeping period of fruits and vegetables.
  • the fresh-keeping material is a porous material loaded with potassium permanganate; wherein the porous material is at least one of wood and straw.
  • the fresh-keeping material of the embodiment of the present invention adopts a porous carrier to support the oxidant.
  • wood and straw are natural porous materials with a wide range of sources and low cost; potassium permanganate oxidant has strong oxidizing properties and relatively toxicological effects. Weak; on the one hand, the porous structure of wood and straw can support potassium permanganate to form a safe and environmentally-friendly fresh-keeping material.
  • potassium permanganate is used to oxidize ethylene to eliminate the ethylene produced during the storage of fruits and vegetables, thereby achieving extension The shelf life of fruits and vegetables.
  • the wood is shaving material or sawdust material
  • the straw is the broken material
  • potassium permanganate is a potassium permanganate solution with a predetermined concentration, and the predetermined concentration is 0.0025-0.25 mol/L; preferably, the concentration is 0.05-0.2 mol/L.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also proposes an application of a fresh-keeping material.
  • the fresh-keeping material is a porous material loaded with potassium permanganate, and the porous material is at least one of wood and straw; the fresh-keeping material is used to extend the freshness of fruits and vegetables. Period: When using fresh-keeping materials, put them in a non-woven bag according to a predetermined amount, and then store them together with fruits and vegetables.
  • the prepared fresh-keeping materials can be packaged in non-woven bags of different specifications, placed around the fruits and vegetables, and stored together with the fruits and vegetables; it can avoid contamination of the fruit and vegetable products and is convenient for recycling and processing.
  • the fresh-keeping materials and fruits and vegetables are stored in a weight ratio of 1:50-1:500; preferably, the fresh-keeping materials and fruits and vegetables are stored in a weight ratio of 1:100-1:200.
  • the fresh-keeping materials are distributed according to the types and quantities of fruits and vegetables that need to be stored; therefore, the fresh-keeping materials of the present invention have a smaller amount of use and can further save costs.
  • the fresh-keeping material when used, it can also be directly sealed in a fresh-keeping bag together with the fruits and vegetables to be kept fresh, which is convenient for daily use.
  • the fresh-keeping material according to the embodiment of the present invention has a wide range of raw materials and low cost.
  • potassium permanganate can oxidize ethylene in real time to reduce its concentration without the problem of saturation;
  • the raw materials of wood and straw are naturally porous
  • the structure can also absorb ethylene oxidation products (ethylene glycol, water), thereby further inhibiting the deterioration of fruits and vegetables; wood and straw raw materials have low density, which can reduce transportation and storage costs, and is convenient to use and environmentally friendly.
  • the preparation method of the fresh-keeping material is simple, convenient to use, and environmentally friendly, and can effectively extend the fresh-keeping period of fruits and vegetables.
  • the preparation method of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping material includes the following steps:
  • Pretreatment use poplar shavings as porous material, and bake the poplar shavings at 120°C for 3 hours;
  • FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of the poplar shavings after the above pretreatment; it can be seen from the figure that the inside of the poplar is composed of criss-crossing tubes, the diameter of the tubes arranged along the growth direction is about 10-30 ⁇ m, and they grow vertically
  • the diameter of the directional catheters is about 5-15 ⁇ m; the catheter walls of these catheters are composed of dehydrated cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin; therefore, the microtube structure of the poplar shavings after dehydration is not affected. Influencing, and more stable, improving the structural stability of porous materials, which is conducive to improving its adsorption performance;
  • the measurement of the loading of potassium permanganate shows that the adsorption capacity of poplar shavings to potassium permanganate solution reaches 5ml/g, which shows that poplar shavings have better adsorption performance for potassium permanganate;
  • poplar shavings When poplar shavings are impregnated with different concentrations of potassium permanganate, they show different colors. As the concentration of potassium permanganate increases, the color of poplar shavings gradually becomes darker.
  • Fresh-keeping bag 1 Dew appears on the inner wall of the fresh-keeping bag after 1 day, indicating that bananas continue to metabolize during this process, producing carbon dioxide and water; after 3 days, there will be 5-10 black spots/root on the banana skin, and each root will appear after 7 days. A large number of black spots appear on the surface of the banana, and the local black spots have been connected into regional black patches. The texture of the banana is obviously softened and rotted;
  • the use of the fresh-keeping material for fruits and vegetables according to the embodiments of the present invention can effectively reduce the ethylene concentration and prolong the fresh-keeping period of the fruits, thereby ensuring the quality of the fruits.
  • wood raw material of the present invention is not limited to poplar tree species, but can also be common willow, paulownia and the like.
  • the preparation method of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping material includes the following steps:
  • Fresh-keeping bag 3 There are obvious water droplets on the inner wall of the fresh-keeping bag after 2 days. One of the cherry tomatoes is cracked. After 4 days, 4 of the 10 cherry tomatoes appear to rot. After 7 days, the deterioration is serious, and 7 of them rot and 2 spoiled;
  • the use of the fresh-keeping material for fruits and vegetables according to the embodiments of the present invention can effectively reduce the ethylene concentration and prolong the fresh-keeping period of the fruits, thereby ensuring the quality of the fruits.
  • the preparation method of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping material includes the following steps:
  • Pretreatment use poplar wood chips as porous materials, and bake poplar wood chips at 120°C for 2 hours;
  • Test result referring to Figure 2, in the 4.5-hour test period, with the extension of time, the characteristic peak area of ethylene gradually decreased, indicating that ethylene was oxidized by potassium permanganate supported by the fresh-keeping material at room temperature, and according to the characteristic peak area ,
  • the calculated stable conversion rate of ethylene is 20-30%; therefore, when the fresh-keeping material of the embodiment of the present invention is used for fruit and vegetable storage or storage and transportation, it can oxidize the ethylene produced by the fruit and vegetable in real time, reduce the ethylene concentration, and thereby inhibit excessive ethylene destruction Fruit and vegetable quality.
  • the fresh-keeping material of the embodiment of the present invention can effectively suppress the ethylene concentration and is sufficient to meet the requirements of transportation and fresh-keeping .

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Abstract

一种果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：对多孔材料进行处理；将处理后的多孔材料负载高锰酸钾后制得果蔬保鲜材料；其中，多孔材料为木材、秸秆中的至少一种。还提出了一种保鲜材料，用于延长果蔬保鲜期，保鲜材料为负载有高锰酸钾的多孔材料；其中，多孔材料为木材、秸秆中的至少一种。还提出了一种保鲜材料的应用，保鲜材料为负载有高锰酸钾的多孔材料，多孔材料为木材、秸秆中的至少一种；保鲜材料使用时，按预定量装入无纺布袋中，然后与果蔬一同储存。所述的保鲜材料利用天然轻质多孔材料，成本低廉、安全环保，且制备方法简单、使用及回收方便。

Description

果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法及保鲜材料及保鲜材料的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及果蔬保鲜技术领域，具体涉及一种果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法、保鲜材料及保鲜材料的应用。
背景技术
日常生活中，采摘后的果蔬在储存、储运过程中变质腐烂的原因之一是果蔬自身释放的植物催熟激素乙烯，乙烯使果蔬的呼吸作用增强，代谢加快，致使植物细胞壁通透性下降，当其释放积累到一定程度时，导致果蔬加速衰老，发生腐烂，对果蔬的品质造成很大危害。
目前，用于果蔬保鲜的乙烯脱除剂大多基于物理吸附或化学氧化原理，物理吸附通常采用多孔材料如分子筛、氧化铝、二氧化硅等进行吸附，然而，吸附剂与乙烯依靠分子间作用力结合，相互作用力弱，吸附效果差，且存在吸附饱和的问题；化学氧化如利用ClO 2、O 3及CaO 2等强氧化剂将乙烯氧化成乙酸、乙二醇、CO 2等物质从而除去乙烯，然而，ClO 2、O 3具有一定毒性且刺激性气味强，CaO 2容易与空气中的水汽反应而失效，从而造成果蔬保鲜效果差、存在安全隐患等问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法、保鲜材料及保鲜材料的应用，解决相关技术中存在的保鲜效果差、成本高、不利于环保的问题。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：对多孔材料进行处理；将处理后的所述多孔材料负载高锰酸钾后制得所述保鲜材料；其中，所述多孔材料为木材、秸秆中的至少一种。
可选地，对多孔材料进行处理的步骤包括：将所述木材制备成刨花料或木屑料，和/或将所述秸秆制备成破碎料。
可选地，对多孔材料进行处理的步骤包括：将所述多孔材料进行脱水处理。
可选地，脱水处理的步骤为：将所述多孔材料在100-300℃温度下烘烤0.5-5小时。
可选地，将处理后的所述多孔材料负载高锰酸钾的步骤为：将所述多孔材料置于预定浓度的高锰酸钾溶液中，常温浸渍10分钟-5小时，取出，进行脱水处理。
进一步的，脱水处理的步骤为：将浸渍过高锰酸钾的所述多孔材料在100-300℃温度下烘烤0.5-5小时。
可选地，将处理后的所述多孔材料负载高锰酸钾的步骤为：将预定浓度的高锰酸钾溶液均匀喷洒至所述多孔材料的表面，待自然晾干后，重复喷洒、晾干5-20次。
可选地，所述预定浓度的高锰酸钾溶液的浓度为0.0025-0.25mol/L。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种保鲜材料，用于延长果蔬保鲜期，所述保鲜材料为负载有高锰酸钾的多孔材料；其中，所述多孔材料为木材、秸秆中的至少一种。
可选地，所述木材为刨花料或木屑料，所述秸秆为破碎料。
可选地，所述高锰酸钾为预定浓度的高锰酸钾溶液，所述预定浓度为0.0025-0.25mol/L。
根据本发明的另一个方面，还提供了一种保鲜材料的应用，所述保鲜材料为负载有高锰酸钾的多孔材料，所述多孔材料为木材、秸秆中的至少一种；所述保鲜材料用于延长果蔬保鲜期；所述保鲜材料使用时，按预定量装入无纺布袋中，然后与果蔬一同储存。
可选地，所述保鲜材料与所述果蔬按重量比1:50-1:500进行储存。
通过本发明提供的果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法、保鲜材料及保鲜材料的应用，保鲜材料利用天然的多孔材料，成本低廉、安全环保，且制备方法简单、使用及回收方便。
附图说明
通过下文中参照附图对本发明所作的描述，本发明的其它目的和优点将显而易见，并可帮助对本发明有全面的理解。
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为根据本发明的一个实施例的多孔材料的微观结构图；
图2为根据本发明的一个实施例的保鲜材料对乙烯氧化的测试数据，具体为浓度为10000ppm的乙烯在室温、空速为197ml/min条件下的转化率图。
需要说明的是，附图并不一定按比例来绘制，而是仅以不影响读者理解的示意性方式示出。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，均应当属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另外定义，本发明使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。
表述“秸秆”是成熟农作物茎叶(穗)部分的总称，例如，可以包括小麦、水稻、玉米、薯类、油菜、棉花、甘蔗和其它农作物(通常为粗粮)在收获籽实后的剩余部分。例如，在本文中，所述秸秆可以包括水稻秸秆、小麦秸秆、大豆秸秆、棉花秸秆和麻类秸秆中的至少一种。再例如，所述麻类秸秆可以包括汉麻秸秆、亚麻秸秆、大麻秸秆等。
表述“刨花”是指木材或非木材原料经机械加工而成的具有一定形态和尺寸的片状和/或条状料。
表述“木屑”是指木材原料经机械加工而成的具有一定形态和尺寸的棒状和/或颗粒状碎料。
涉及的木材树种包括但不限于杨树、柳树、泡桐等。
根据本发明实施例的果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：对多孔材料进行处理；将处理后的多孔材料负载高锰酸钾后制得保鲜材料；其中，多孔材料为木材、秸秆中的至少一种。
从组成上看，本发明实施例的果蔬保鲜材料，采用多孔载体材料负载氧化剂，其中，木材、秸秆作为天然多孔材料，来源广泛，成本低廉；高锰酸钾氧化剂具有较强氧化性且毒理性相对较弱；一方面，木材、秸秆的多孔结构能够负载高锰酸钾形成安全环保的保鲜材料，另一方面，利用高锰酸钾氧化乙烯，消除果蔬储存过程中产生的乙烯，从而可实现延长果蔬的保鲜期。
根据本发明实施例的果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法，多孔材料采用木材、秸秆中的至少一种，为提高其后续吸附性能，对其进行预处理，然后进行氧化剂的负载。例如将获得的木材、秸秆原料进行晾晒、切断、粉碎、筛选，获得具有一定尺寸的载体材料，不仅便于进行后续的负载操作，其制得的保鲜材料，相对现有技术中常用的沸石、分 子筛、硅藻土等颗粒或粉末状的载体材料，当使用较大尺寸的保鲜材料时能够避免污染果蔬表面，并且便于回收。当然，木材、秸秆原料也可以是获得的锯屑或具有一定尺寸的加工废弃物，封装在透气性良好的无纺布袋中，用于果蔬保鲜，以实现变废为宝。
同时的，本发明实施例的多孔材料，相比较硅藻土、沸石、分子筛、多孔Al 2O 3等具有较小的密度，便于减少储运成本；并且木材、秸秆中富含大量的纤维素、半纤维素及木质素等有机成分，表面富含大量羟基基团，有利于提高对高锰酸钾的吸附，从而增强对乙烯的消除作用。
进一步的，经处理的木材、秸秆例如具有更大的比表面积，其内部多孔结构稳定，此时，进行高锰酸钾负载，能够提高高锰酸钾的负载率，从而提高保鲜材料的氧化性能。
在上述实施例的基础上，对多孔材料进行处理的步骤包括：将木材制备成刨花料或木屑料，和/或将秸秆制备成破碎料。
对木材原料，例如进行如下处理：
利用削片机、刨片机等将木材原料加工成具有一定尺寸和形状的刨花，或者更小尺寸的木屑。
类似地，对秸秆原料进行切断、机械破碎等处理。
还可以对处理后的木材料和/或秸秆料进行风选以去除杂物，进行筛选从而选择所需要尺寸的材料。
在其他一些实施例中，木材刨花料或木屑料可以是直接从木材加工厂获取的废弃料，便于用户获得，简化对木材原料的加工过程。
本发明实施例采用木材加工后的刨花或木屑，或秸秆破碎料，一方面便于其进行后续的负载操作；另一方面，制成的保鲜材料在使用时可封装在透气的无纺布袋中，环保易回收。
同时的，木材、秸秆等均属于轻密度材料，相比氧化铝、硅藻土等较大密度的材料，其在用于果蔬储运流通时，能够降低运输成本。
在上述实施例的基础上，对多孔材料进行处理的步骤还包括：将多孔材料进行脱水处理。
为提高材料性能，可对多孔材料进行脱水处理后备用。将上述保鲜材料的含水率控制在一定范围，诸如提高其防腐性、防霉性，同时便于后续充分负载高锰酸钾。
在一些实施例中，脱水处理的步骤为：将多孔材料在100-300℃温度下烘烤0.5-5小时；优选地，在120-200℃温度下烘烤0.5-1.5小时，以确保多孔材料的木质素、纤维素等不被破坏，保持良好的孔型结构，便于提高后续高锰酸钾水溶液的吸附。
具体的，木材、秸秆内部由纵横交错的导管构成，从而形成多孔结构，将其进行热处理脱水，有利于保持多孔结构的稳定性(例如采用热处理使纤维素的晶型更加稳定，从而提高管状结构稳定性)，保证其比表面积，从而提高其吸附性能。
进一步的，在上述实施例的基础上，将处理后的多孔材料负载高锰酸钾的步骤为：将多孔材料置于预定浓度的高锰酸钾溶液中，常温浸渍10分钟-5小时，取出，进行脱水处理。
木材、秸秆中富含大量的纤维素、半纤维素及木质素等有机成分，表面富含大量羟基基团，具有较强的吸水性，采用高锰酸钾室温浸泡，操作简单有效。
浸渍法即将活性组分通过浸渍载体负载在载体上。采用浸渍法负载高锰酸钾，有利于提高高锰酸钾负载均匀性，提高单位面积负载量。例如对于保鲜储运过程中的数量较多的果蔬时，可采用此方法。
其中，高锰酸钾溶液现配现用，以提高其氧化效果。
其中，脱水处理的步骤为：将浸渍过高锰酸钾的多孔材料在100-500℃温度下烘烤0.5-5小时；优选地，在120-200℃温度下烘烤0.5-1.5小时。
对多孔材料分别进行负载前脱水以及负载后脱水，能够进一步提高材料的结构稳定性，同时提高高锰酸钾负载稳定性，延长其使用效果。
可以理解的是，上述脱水处理可以采用其他方式，不限于热处理。
在其他一些实施例中，将处理后的多孔材料负载高锰酸钾的步骤为：将预定浓度的高锰酸钾溶液均匀喷洒至多孔材料的表面，待自然晾干后，重复喷洒、晾干5-20次。
当要求高锰酸钾负载量较低时，可采用将高锰酸钾溶液喷洒至多孔材料的表面的方法，该方法操作简单，可省去脱水处理步骤。例如用于日常生活中的果蔬保鲜时，用户可自己进行保鲜材料的制备，可行性较高。当然，为提高保鲜材料的性能，也可在负载高锰酸钾之后进行脱水处理或热处理。
进一步的，在上述实施例的基础上，预定浓度的高锰酸钾溶液的浓度为0.0025-0.25mol/L；优选地，浓度为0.05-0.2mol/L。
针对不同的使用场景，对高锰酸钾的浓度合理调控，以实现更高的乙烯氧化率为目标。
其中，高锰酸钾的浓度、浸渍时间可根据实际情况调整。
进一步的，本发明实施例还提出一种保鲜材料，用于延长果蔬保鲜期，该保鲜材料为负载有高锰酸钾的多孔材料；其中，多孔材料为木材、秸秆中的至少一种。
从组成上看，本发明实施例的保鲜材料，采用多孔载体负载氧化剂，其中，木材、秸秆作为天然多孔材料，来源广泛，成本低廉；高锰酸钾氧化剂具有较强氧化性且毒理性相对较弱；一方面，木材、秸秆的多孔结构能够负载高锰酸钾形成安全环保的保鲜材料，另一方面，利用高锰酸钾氧化乙烯，消除果蔬储存过程中产生的乙烯，从而可实现延长果蔬的保鲜期。
进一步的，木材为刨花料或木屑料，秸秆为破碎料。
采用经加工的具有一定尺寸和形状的木材料和/或秸秆料，或者直接从木材加工厂获得木材刨花或锯屑废弃料，既便于后续负载高锰酸钾，其制成的保鲜材料在使用时环保易回收。
进一步的，高锰酸钾为预定浓度的高锰酸钾溶液，预定浓度为0.0025-0.25mol/L；优选地，浓度为0.05-0.2mol/L。
根据高锰酸钾的负载量选择合适的浓度，以实现更高的乙烯氧化率为目标。
可以理解的是，本发明保鲜材料可采用上述任一实施例的制备方法获得。
进一步的，本发明实施例还提出一种保鲜材料的应用，该保鲜材料为负载有高锰酸钾的多孔材料，多孔材料为木材、秸秆中的至少一种；该保鲜材料用于延长果蔬保鲜期；保鲜材料使用时，按预定量装入无纺布袋中，然后与果蔬一同储存。
具体的，为方便使用，可将制得的保鲜材料封装在不同规格的无纺布袋中，放置于果蔬周围，与果蔬一同储存；其能够避免污染果蔬产品，便于回收处理。
进一步的，保鲜材料与果蔬按重量比1:50-1:500进行储存；优选地，保鲜材料与果蔬按重量比1:100-1:200进行储存。
根据需要储存的果蔬的种类和数量进行保鲜材料的分配；由此，本发明保鲜材料用量较省，可进一步节约成本。
可以理解的是，保鲜材料使用时，也可直接与待保鲜果蔬一同密封在保鲜袋中，便于日常生活中使用。
根据本发明实施例的保鲜材料，其原料来源广泛、成本低，一方面，高锰酸钾能够实时氧化乙烯降低其浓度，且不存在饱和的问题；另一方面，木材、秸秆原料的天然多孔结构，还能够吸附乙烯氧化后的产物(乙二醇、水)，从而进一步抑制果蔬变 质；木材、秸秆原料密度较小，能够降低运输和存储成本，使用方便、环保。
同时的，保鲜材料的制备方法简单，使用方便、环保，能够有效延长果蔬保鲜期。
下面结合优选的实施例，对上述实施方式中涉及的内容进行说明。
实施例1：
一、果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)预处理：采用杨树刨花作多孔材料，将杨树刨花在120℃下烘烤3小时；
参照图1，为经过上述预处理的杨树刨花的微观结构图；从图中可以看出，杨树内部由纵横交错的导管构成，沿生长方向排列的导管直径约为10-30μm，垂直生长方向排列的导管直径较小约为5-15μm；这些导管的导管壁由脱水后的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素构成；由此，经过脱水处理后的杨树刨花的微米管结构未受到影响，且更加稳定，提高了多孔材料结构稳定性，有利于提高其吸附性能；
(2)负载高锰酸钾：将经过预处理的杨树刨花在0.1mol/L浓度的高锰酸钾水溶液中室温浸渍10分钟，然后取出，经120℃烘烤3h后备用；
其中，对高锰酸钾的负载量进行测量可知，杨树刨花对高锰酸钾溶液的吸附能力达5ml/g，可见杨树刨花对高锰酸钾具有较优的吸附性能；
当使用不同浓度的高锰酸钾浸渍杨树刨花时，表现出不同颜色，随着高锰酸钾浓度的提升，杨树刨花的颜色逐渐变深。
二、保鲜材料的使用及效果：
以用于香蕉的保鲜为例；将两份质量相同(均为500g)且外观情况近似的香蕉分别密封装入保鲜袋1和保鲜袋2中，在相同的环境下保存，其中，保鲜袋1中只装入香蕉，保鲜袋2中装入香蕉和上述制备的保鲜材料2g，测试效果如下：
(1)保鲜袋1：1天后保鲜袋内壁出现结露现象，表明香蕉在此过程中不断进行新陈代谢，产生二氧化碳和水；3天后香蕉表皮出现5-10个黑点/根，7天后每根香蕉表面出现大量黑点，局部黑点已连接成区域黑色斑块，香蕉质地明显变软，出现腐烂；
(2)保鲜袋2：3天后香蕉表皮没有明显变化，7天后香蕉表皮颜色稍微有些深黄，15天后香蕉表面出现少量小的黑点，而整体没有出现变质；
可见，采用本发明实施例的果蔬保鲜材料，能够有效降低乙烯浓度，延长水果保鲜期，从而保证水果的品质。
当然，本发明的木材原料不限于杨树树种，还可以是常见的柳树、泡桐等。
实施例2：
一、果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)预处理：采用水稻秸秆粉碎料作多孔材料，将其在150℃下烘烤1小时；
(2)负载高锰酸钾：将经过预处理的秸秆粉碎料在0.025mol/L浓度的高锰酸钾水溶液中室温浸渍30分钟，然后取出，经120℃烘烤3h后备用。
二、保鲜材料的使用及效果：
以用于圣女果的保鲜为例；将两份质量(均为100g)及数量相同且外观情况近似的圣女果分别密封装入保鲜袋3和保鲜袋4中，在相同的环境下保存，其中，保鲜袋3中只装入圣女果，保鲜袋4中装入圣女果和上述制备的保鲜材料2g，测试效果如下：
(1)保鲜袋3：2天后保鲜袋内壁有明显的水珠，其中1颗圣女果开裂，4天后10颗圣女果中有4颗出现腐烂，7天后变质严重，其中7颗腐烂和2颗变质；
(2)保鲜袋4：5天内没有明显变化；14天后，圣女果出现2颗开裂(当采用浓度大于0.025mol/L的高锰酸钾时，圣女果仅仅是颜色变深，而没有出现腐烂现象)；
可见，采用本发明实施例的果蔬保鲜材料，能够有效降低乙烯浓度，延长水果保鲜期，从而保证水果的品质。
当然，用于待保鲜的品种不限于上述实施例列举的。
实施例3：
一、果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)预处理：采用杨树木屑作多孔材料，将杨树木屑在120℃下烘烤2小时；
(2)负载高锰酸钾：将经过预处理的杨树木屑在0.05mol/L浓度的高锰酸钾水溶液中室温浸渍20分钟，然后取出，经120℃烘烤2h后备用。
二、测试本发明实施例的保鲜材料对乙烯的氧化能力：
取上述制备的保鲜材料300mg，在室温(25℃)下测试其对乙烯的氧化能力，测试条件为：气体氛围采用10％O 2+89％N 2+1％C 2H 4(10000ppm)的混合气体，气体流速为197ml/min；采用气相色谱仪测试乙烯的转化率。
测试结果：参照图2，在4.5小时的测试时间内，随着时间延长，乙烯的特征峰面积逐步减小，表明乙烯在室温下被保鲜材料负载的高锰酸钾氧化，且根据特征峰面积，计算得乙烯的稳定转化率为20-30％；由此，本发明实施例的保鲜材料用于果蔬储存或储运时，能够实时氧化果蔬产生的乙烯，降低乙烯浓度，从而抑制乙烯过度破坏果蔬品质。
通常，果蔬在储运过程中，封装在储运箱内，产生的乙烯浓度为1-30ppm，由上 述测试可知，采用本发明实施例的保鲜材料能够有效抑制乙烯浓度，且足以满足运输保鲜需求。
对于本发明的实施例，还需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合以得到新的实施例。
以上，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种果蔬保鲜材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    对多孔材料进行处理；
    将处理后的所述多孔材料负载高锰酸钾后制得所述保鲜材料；
    其中，所述多孔材料为木材、秸秆中的至少一种。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其中，对多孔材料进行处理的步骤包括：
    将所述木材制备成刨花料或木屑料，和/或
    将所述秸秆制备成破碎料。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其中，对多孔材料进行处理的步骤包括：
    将所述多孔材料进行脱水处理。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其中，所述脱水处理的步骤为：
    将所述多孔材料在100-300℃温度下烘烤0.5-5小时。
  5. 根据权利要求1、2或4所述的制备方法，其中，将处理后的所述多孔材料负载高锰酸钾的步骤为：
    将所述多孔材料置于预定浓度的高锰酸钾溶液中，常温浸渍10分钟-5小时，取出，进行脱水处理。
  6. 根据权利要求1、2或4所述的制备方法，其中，将处理后的所述多孔材料负载高锰酸钾的步骤为：
    将预定浓度的高锰酸钾溶液均匀喷洒至所述多孔材料的表面，待自然晾干后，重复喷洒、晾干5-20次。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的制备方法，其中，
    所述预定浓度的高锰酸钾溶液的浓度为0.0025-0.25mol/L。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其中，所述脱水处理的步骤为：
    将浸渍过高锰酸钾的所述多孔材料在100-300℃温度下烘烤0.5-5小时。
  9. 一种保鲜材料，用于延长果蔬保鲜期，所述保鲜材料为负载有高锰酸钾的多孔材料；其中，
    所述多孔材料为木材、秸秆中的至少一种。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的保鲜材料，其中，
    所述木材为刨花料或木屑料；
    所述秸秆为破碎料。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的保鲜材料，其中，
    所述高锰酸钾为预定浓度的高锰酸钾溶液，所述预定浓度为0.0025-0.25mol/L。
  12. 一种保鲜材料的应用，所述保鲜材料为负载有高锰酸钾的多孔材料，所述多孔材料为木材、秸秆中的至少一种；
    所述保鲜材料用于延长果蔬保鲜期；
    所述保鲜材料使用时，按预定量装入无纺布袋中，然后与果蔬一同储存。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的保鲜材料的应用，其中，
    所述保鲜材料与所述果蔬按重量比1:50-1:500进行储存。
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