WO2021172493A1 - 可溶型clec-2と血小板数に基づく血小板活性化測定方法 - Google Patents
可溶型clec-2と血小板数に基づく血小板活性化測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/86—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood coagulating time or factors, or their receptors
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- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/566—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor using specific carrier or receptor proteins as ligand binding reagents where possible specific carrier or receptor proteins are classified with their target compounds
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring platelet activation based on soluble CLEC-2 and a platelet count, and a method for testing a thrombotic hemostatic disease.
- Thrombi formed in blood vessels are considered to be a serious pathogenic factor that is life-threatening among a wide range of human diseases.
- Increased thrombosis due to platelets and accumulation of platelet aggregation can lead to severe myocardial infarction, chronic unstable angina, transient ischemia, peripheral angiopathy, arterial thrombosis, arteriosclerosis obliterans, pulmonary thromboembolism, and Causes diseases such as stent restenosis.
- coronary occlusion due to thrombus and cerebral circulation disorder are the leading causes of death, and suppression of thrombosis is an urgent issue worldwide.
- Platelet factor 4 and ⁇ -thromboglobulin ( ⁇ TG) are contained in the ⁇ granules of platelets and released with the activation of platelets, and therefore have been conventionally used as markers for platelet activation.
- PF4 Platelet factor 4
- ⁇ TG ⁇ -thromboglobulin
- the substance in the granules is released even with a slight stimulus such as blood collection, use a dedicated blood collection tube containing a platelet activation inhibitor cocktail and a thick blood collection needle of 20 gauge (G) or more to make a tourniquet.
- G 20 gauge
- vWF von Willebrand factor
- CLEC-2 C-type lectin-like receptor 2 is a platelet activation receptor belonging to the C-type lectin family identified by Inoue et al. In 2006 (Patent Documents 1 and 2). In addition, recent research results have reported that CLEC-2 is released from the membrane surface with platelet activation and released in a soluble form (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 3). In addition, although literature on measuring soluble CLEC-2 in several pathological conditions has been published, there are many unclear points about its clinical application. (Non-Patent Document 2)
- Japanese Patent No. 4961595 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-070359 Japanese Patent No. 6078845
- An object of the present invention is to develop a biomarker that better reflects platelet activation in the living body and to use it for examination of thrombotic hemostatic disease and the like.
- sCLEC-2 plasma soluble CLEC-2
- sCLEC-2 is a molecule released from platelets into plasma when platelets are activated, and it was expected that measuring the concentration of sCLEC-2 in plasma would reflect the degree of platelet activation.
- the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration reflects the activation of platelets to some extent, but the concentration also shows a positive correlation with the number of platelets in the blood. bottom.
- the number of platelets in the blood varies from person to person and may increase or decrease depending on the pathological condition.
- the sCLEC-2 concentration in plasma is low when the number of platelets is low even if the platelets are activated, and conversely it is high when the number of platelets is increased even if the activation of platelets is weak. It was found that it may not reflect the degree of activation of. Therefore, if the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration is divided by the number of platelets, the amount of sCLEC-2 released per platelet can be found, and we proceeded with the study, thinking that using this as an index would more reflect the activation of platelets. rice field.
- the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count reflects the pathophysiology of thrombotic disease rather than the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration itself, and it was found that this index can also be used for the examination of thrombotic hemostatic disease.
- the present invention provides: [1] (1) A step of measuring the soluble CLEC-2 concentration and the platelet count in the test sample derived from the test subject, and (2) the platelet activity from the soluble CLEC-2 concentration and the platelet count. The process of grasping the state of conversion, A method for assisting in grasping the platelet activation state, including. [2] (1) A step of measuring the soluble CLEC-2 concentration and the platelet count in the test sample derived from the test subject, and (2) dividing the soluble CLEC-2 concentration by the platelet count. Thereby, the step of calculating the value of the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count, A method for assisting in grasping the platelet activation state, including.
- the thrombostatic disease includes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), myocardial infarction, angina, cerebral infarction, obstructive arteriosclerosis, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, and cardiogenic cerebral infarction. , Antiphospholipid syndrome, or thrombosis, method [4].
- [6] The method according to any one of [1] to [5], which is used as a method for monitoring the prognosis or treatment progress of the thrombotic hemostatic disease in a patient with a thrombotic hemostatic disease.
- a storage means capable of storing the soluble CLEC-2 concentration and the platelet count in the test sample derived from the test subject.
- a calculation means capable of calculating the value of the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count by dividing the soluble CLEC-2 concentration by the platelet count.
- a comparative means capable of comparing the obtained soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value of the test subject with the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value of the healthy subject, and (4) A display means capable of displaying the results obtained by the comparison.
- a system for grasping the platelet activation state including. [8] A computer including a processor and a memory under the control of the processor is provided, and the memory includes the following steps: (1) A storage step of storing the soluble CLEC-2 concentration and the number of platelets in the test sample derived from the test subject in the memory. (2) A calculation step of calculating the value of the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count by dividing the soluble CLEC-2 concentration by the platelet count.
- a display step for displaying the results obtained in the comparison step, A system for grasping the platelet activation state in which a program for causing the computer to execute is recorded.
- the amount of sCLEC-2 released per platelet can be known, and the platelet activation state in blood can be accurately grasped.
- This makes it possible to fully verify the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet level and clinical usefulness, and is expected to be used as a marker that reflects the pathophysiology of thrombotic hemostatic disease.
- an effective test that can be used as a marker. It is expected to be used as a marker in arterial thrombotic hemostatic diseases such as myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, arteriosclerosis obliterans, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and sepsis.
- the method of the present invention is not limited to the following, but is a method for measuring (or determining) the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count, a method for assisting in grasping the platelet activation state, and a thrombotic hemostatic disease. Includes methods for diagnosing (or detecting) blood clots, assisting in the diagnosis of thrombosis, and measuring (or determining) soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count for diagnosis of thrombosis. In each method, (1) a step of measuring the soluble CLEC-2 concentration and the number of platelets in the test sample derived from the test subject, and (2) the platelets from the soluble CLEC-2 concentration and the platelet count.
- it includes a step of grasping the activated state, and more specifically, (1) a step of measuring the soluble CLEC-2 concentration and the number of platelets in the test sample derived from the test target, and (2) the above-mentioned soluble.
- a step of calculating the value of soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count by dividing the type CLEC-2 concentration by the platelet count is included, and if desired, obtained by using a test sample derived from a healthy subject.
- a step of comparing the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value obtained can be further included.
- the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value is calculated, and the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / of a healthy subject is calculated.
- the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value is calculated, and the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / of a healthy subject is calculated.
- it can be carried out by comparing with the value of the platelet count, it is also possible to comprehensively judge the platelet activation state by using the soluble CLEC-2 concentration and the platelet count.
- an embodiment in which the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value is used will be mainly described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
- CLEC-2 is a platelet activation receptor belonging to the C-type lectin family, which is normally present on the platelet membrane, but is released into the blood as the platelets are activated.
- NS the term “soluble CLEC-2 (sCLEC-2)” refers to CLEC-2 or CLEC-2 released from such platelets and detected in the blood (or in the buffer if incubated in the buffer). It means a molecule derived from CLEC-2.
- sCLEC-2 includes a protein having a molecular weight of about 40 kDa, a protein having a molecular weight of about 32 kDa, and a protein having a molecular weight of about 25 kDa in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions. It is presumed that the protein having a molecular weight of about 40 kDa and the protein having a molecular weight of about 32 kDa are present on the surface of the platelet membrane and are released in a state of being contained in the microparticles produced by the activation of platelets. It is considered that sugar chains are added to these. On the other hand, it is considered that a protein having a molecular weight of about 25 kDa is cleaved by a protease with activation of platelets and released from platelets.
- sCLEC-2 may collectively detect a protein having a molecular weight of about 40 kDa, a protein having a molecular weight of about 32 kDa, and a protein having a molecular weight of about 25 kDa, or may detect only a protein having a molecular weight of about 25 kDa.
- the sample used for the measurement is preferably derived from humans, but a sample derived from an animal other than humans may be used in order to grasp the pathological condition of the experimental animal.
- the experimental animal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include guinea pigs, rats, mice, and chinchillas.
- thrombotic hemostatic diseases means that platelets and coagulation factors are coupled to effectively and appropriately stop bleeding or bleeding.
- thrombogenic hemostatic disease includes, but is not limited to, conditions and diseases including, but not limited to, excessive bleeding and abnormal blood coagulation.
- Abnormal blood coagulation is severe coronary insufficiency syndrome, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, intractable angina, intracoronary thrombotic occlusion after thrombolytic treatment, intracoronary thrombotic occlusion after coronary angiogenesis, Cerebral vascular disease due to thrombosis, cerebral infarction, embolic stroke, thrombotic stroke, transient cerebral ischemic attack, venous thrombosis, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary artery embolization, coagulation disorder, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, thrombotic microscopic Angiopathies, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, obstructive thromboangiitis, thrombosis associated with heparin-induced thrombosis, thrombotic complications due to extracorporeal circulation, heart or other intravascular catheters, intra-arterial balloon pumps, arteries Although associated with thrombotic
- the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value is higher than that of a healthy person or a non-thrombogenic hemostatic disease group, it can be said that there is a high possibility or a high risk of suffering from a thrombotic hemostatic disease. Based on such comparison, the correlation between the degree of platelet activation expressed by the value of sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count and various diseases can also be used as standard data.
- sCLEC-2 concentration and platelet count are measured, and if the ratio becomes high, it can be judged that platelet activation in vivo has occurred, and antiplatelet Measures can be taken, such as administration of platelet drugs, increased doses, or additional administration of different types of antiplatelet drugs.
- antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin are used as primary prevention for patients with high sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count. It is considered possible to use it by administering it.
- sCLEC-2 concentration and platelet count were measured in patients taking antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin and clovidogrel. It is also possible to consider additional administration.
- platelet microparticles are an exacerbating factor in rheumatoid arthritis, and since CLEC-2 is also expressed on microparticles, the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count is high even in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It may be elevated and is also useful for testing rheumatoid arthritis.
- CLEC-2 binds to podoplanin, a membrane protein expressed in certain tumor cells in vivo, and promotes its metastasis. It may activate platelets to increase sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count. Therefore, the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count may be used as a marker for cancer metastasis.
- the method for detecting the presence of CLEC-2 is not particularly limited, but is an immunological method using an antibody that recognizes sCLEC-2 (hereinafter, this may be referred to as "anti-sCLEC-2 antibody"). Is preferable.
- immunological methods for detecting proteins include immunoassay using labeled antibodies such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA method), chemoluminescence immunoassay, fluorescent antibody method, radioimmunoassay, and immunochromatography. Any commonly known method such as a measuring method, a western blotting method, a latex agglutination method, or an immunoturbidimetric method can be used, but among these, from the viewpoint of simplicity of operation and measurement accuracy.
- An immunoassay method using a labeled antibody is preferably used. For intraoperative diagnosis, it is desired that a rapid result can be obtained, and therefore chemiluminescent immunoassay, immunochromatography, or the like is particularly preferably used.
- the platelet count is usually measured using an automatic blood cell counter (blood cell counter), but it is also possible to count using a blood cell counter and a microscope.
- blood cell counter blood cell counter
- a sample is collected from a target subject (particularly a patient) using a blood collection tube for plasma blood collection.
- EDTA-containing blood collection tube is preferable, but heparin and citric acid-containing ones are also possible.
- Samples for measuring plasma sCLEC-2 concentration and measuring platelet count may be obtained from one blood collection tube, but if blood is collected at the same time, different blood collection tubes may be used.
- the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration is measured using, for example, plasma centrifuged at 2000 g for about 20 minutes, but the centrifugation conditions are not limited to this, and a measurement system using whole blood may be used.
- measurement of plasma sCLEC-2 concentration will be described as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- whole blood containing an anticoagulant such as EDTA is used.
- sCLEC-2 concentration in plasma for example, in pg / mL, the number of blood platelets is expressed by e.g. 1000 / mm 3, it calculates the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count.
- Any unit such as ng / mL or ng / L may be used for the concentration of sCLEC-2 used here, and any unit such as 10000 platelets / mm 3 can be used for the platelet count, but they are unified for comparison. Should be used.
- the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count can take different values, but they are essentially the same concept.
- the ratio is calculated using the measured value obtained from the clinical laboratory device that measures the sCLEC-2 concentration and the measured value that comes out from the blood calculator that measures the platelet count.
- This calculation is suitable for daily medical care to be calculated automatically on a hospital inspection system, a hospital system, or a system such as an electronic medical record connected to both measuring instruments, but the data of the two measuring instruments is used.
- a connecting system may be constructed, or a machine capable of simultaneously measuring the sCLEC-2 concentration and the platelet count can be constructed. Alternatively, both data may be used for manual calculation.
- the standard data obtained in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it shows a correlation between the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count in plasma and the degree of platelet activation and various diseases.
- a determination threshold value or original data or statistical processing data for calculating the determination threshold value can be mentioned.
- the standard data may be described in the package insert or may be attached separately as a data sheet.
- the form of the attached document also includes downloading from paper, electronic media such as a CD-ROM, a homepage, and the like.
- SCLEC-2 is released into the blood with the activation of platelets.
- Existing platelet activation markers such as PF4 and ⁇ TG, have been problematic in that granules are stimulated by physical pressure from blood sampling to cause non-specific release, whereas sCLEC-2 is platelet activation. It is a signal transduction-dependent release mechanism that induces platelets, and is thought to be a marker that more accurately reflects the activation of platelets in vivo.
- CLEC-2 is a specific marker with few false positives because its expression is almost limited in the platelet / megakaryocyte system in humans.
- Soluble GPVI released by a similar mechanism is strongly produced by GPVI receptor-specific agonist stimulation, but its production is very weak by other known platelet-activating agonist stimulation. In other words, if the amount of production changes depending on the type of stimulus, it becomes very difficult to interpret it as a marker.
- sCLEC-2 is an optimal molecule as a quantitative marker of platelet activation because it is produced at the same level not only by specific agonist stimulation but also by known agonist stimulation.
- sCLEC-2 is not restricted by blood collection operations. That is, unlike PF4 and ⁇ TG, which are released by a slight stimulus such as blood collection, sCLEC-2 is released by strong platelet activation, and therefore does not require a special blood collection operation. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain data that the sCLEC-2 concentration in the plasma of patients with acute coronary syndrome is significantly higher than that of healthy subjects, and its utility value as a monitor for predicting the onset / prognosis and determining the therapeutic effect. It is also considered to be a dramatically superior marker compared to conventional activation markers. It has also been shown that the sCLEC-2 concentration is elevated in the plasma of patients with cerebral infarction, and that patients with a high sCLEC-2 concentration in plasma have a poor prognosis.
- the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration has a positive correlation with the blood platelet count. That is, the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration tends to be high in the platelet-rich individuals, and the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration tends to be low in the platelet-poor individuals. As a result, the sCLEC-2 concentration in plasma is affected by the number of platelets in the blood and may not necessarily represent the activation of platelets.
- the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration is divided by the blood platelet count, the amount of sCLEC-2 released per platelet is calculated, and thrombotic disease is diagnosed using this as an index, it depends on the blood platelet count. It is possible to evaluate the degree of platelet activation. Specifically, for example, the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration is represented by pg / mL (A), the blood platelet count is represented by 1000 cells / mm 3 (B), and the number obtained by dividing A by B is the platelet activation. Use as an index.
- DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count was also significantly correlated with the severity of DIC pathology. Therefore, it can be said that this sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count is a much more efficient and useful diagnostic index than the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration.
- septic patients showed high sCLEC-2 concentration / platelets regardless of the presence or absence of DIC. Therefore, it can be said to be a useful diagnostic index for sepsis, which is a serious infectious disease accompanied by abnormal thrombotic hemostasis.
- This index can be used to determine platelet activity without being affected by blood platelet count even in thrombostatic diseases caused by platelet plugs such as acute coronary syndrome (angina, myocardial infarction) and cerebral infarction. It is a more efficient and useful index than the two concentrations.
- a system that can be used to carry out the method of the present invention described above, an electronic medical record equipped with the system, a clinical examination device, or an in-hospital examination system, to carry out the method of the present invention. Includes available kits and more.
- the system of the present invention includes, for example, a system for measuring (or determining) soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count, a system for grasping the platelet activation state, and a system for assisting the diagnosis of thrombocytopenic disease.
- System a system for diagnosing (or detecting) a thrombotic hemostatic disease, a system for measuring (or determining) soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count for diagnosing a thrombotic hemostatic disease, and the like.
- a storage means capable of storing the soluble CLEC-2 concentration and the platelet count in the test sample derived from the test subject, and (2) the soluble CLEC-2 concentration. Is divided by the platelet count to calculate the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value, (3) the obtained soluble CLEC-2 concentration /
- a comparison means capable of comparing the value of the platelet count with the value of the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count of a healthy subject, and (4) a display means capable of displaying the result obtained by the comparison.
- any system of the present invention comprises a processor and a computer including a memory in the control of the processor, which contains (1) the soluble CLEC-2 concentration in the test sample derived from the test subject. And a storage step of storing the platelet count in the memory, (2) a calculation step of calculating the value of the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count by dividing the soluble CLEC-2 concentration by the platelet count. , (3) A comparison step of comparing the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value obtained in the calculation step with the soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value of a healthy subject, and (4). ) A program for causing the computer to execute a display step of displaying the result obtained in the comparison step can be recorded.
- the system of the present invention can be mounted on the electronic medical record, the clinical examination device, or the in-hospital examination system of the present invention.
- the method of the present invention can be carried out by using the system of the present invention, the electronic medical record of the present invention, the clinical examination device, or the in-hospital examination system (hereinafter referred to as the system of the present invention).
- “Soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value” that can be measured (or determined) using the system of the present invention, "state, disease, etc.” that can be grasped using the system of the present invention and those.
- the above-mentioned description of the method of the present invention can be applied as it is to each of the "judgment / judgment criteria, etc.” and "soluble CLEC-2 concentration and platelet count” measurement methods.
- the kit of the present invention includes, for example, a kit for measuring (or determining) a soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count, a kit for grasping a platelet activation state, a kit for diagnosing (or detecting) a thrombotic hemostatic disease, and a thrombus.
- a kit for measuring (or determining) soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count for diagnosing hemostatic disease includes, for example, a kit for measuring (or determining) a soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet count, a kit for grasping a platelet activation state, a kit for diagnosing (or detecting) a thrombotic hemostatic disease, and a thrombus.
- the kit of the present invention describes the relationship between (1) soluble CLEC-2 measuring reagent and / or platelet measuring reagent, and (2) soluble CLEC-2 concentration / platelet
- both the sCLEC-2 concentration in plasma and the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count can be used as a kit for evaluation of platelet activation or diagnosis of hemostatic disease. If the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count is calculated using the reagent kit, diseases such as abnormal platelet activation and thrombosis can be detected easily and quickly when necessary, and the results can be obtained from other diseases. It can be used for differentiation from and determination of treatment policy.
- the attached document included in the kit of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it refers to at least the relationship between the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count and the degree of platelet activation and various diseases.
- a description of the procedure for performing immunological measurements using the kit of the present invention plasma sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count and degree of platelet activation based on the obtained measurements. It can include explanations on procedures for detecting various diseases, precautions on storage and handling of the kit itself, etc.
- Example 1 Measurement of sCLEC-2 concentration in human plasma >> The sCLEC-2 concentration (pg / mL) in human plasma was measured according to Example 6 of Japanese Patent No. 6078845.
- a sandwich ELISA system was constructed using the mouse anti-human CLIC-2 monoclonal antibody (1-11D5, 3-11E6 antibody) prepared in the examples of Japanese Patent No. 6078845. That is, the 1-11D5 antibody (F (ab) ' 2 ) purified with 0.05 mol / L carbonate buffer (pH 9.5) was diluted to 10 ⁇ g / mL, and 100 ⁇ L / well was added to the immunoplate (Maxisorp, NUNC). bottom.
- Biotin-labeled 3-11E6 antibody (F (ab) ' 2- Biotin) prepared in Example 5 of Japanese Patent No. 6078845 was added to 10% SuperBlock, 0.1% sodium octanate, 0.14 mol / L sodium chloride /. It was diluted to 1.0 ⁇ g / mL with PBS and 100 ⁇ L was added to each well. After reacting at 37 ° C. for 1 hour with shaking, the cells were washed 3 times in the same manner.
- Example 2 Measurement of platelet count in whole human blood >> The platelet count in whole human blood was measured using an automatic blood cell measuring device (XN-550) manufactured by Sysmex Corporation. The platelet count was expressed as 1000 cells / mm 3.
- Example 3 Calculation of sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count
- Table 1 shows the measured values of the sCLEC-2 concentration measured in Example 1, the platelet count measured in Example 2, and the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value calculated from these values.
- the measurement samples were 32 cases of sepsis (20 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and 12 cases of non-DIC), and the diagnosis was made according to the acute phase DIC diagnostic criteria of the Japanese Society of Emergency Medicine. Each measured value is a measured value of a sample collected on the first day of hospitalization. Furthermore, the plasma sCLEC-2 concentration and blood platelet count of 37 healthy subjects were measured, and the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count was calculated.
- DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation
- the mean ⁇ standard deviation of sCLEC-2 concentration, platelet count, and sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count of healthy subjects were 87 ⁇ 38.9 (pg / mL), 263 ⁇ 63.4 (1000 cells / mm 3 ), respectively. It was 0.34 ⁇ 0.15.
- sCLEC-2 concentration sCLEC-2 concentration measured in Example 1 for each septic patient, DIC onset case (DIC) in sepsis patient, and DIC non-onset case (n-DIC) in sepsis patient
- PHT platelet count
- sCLEC-2 concentration and the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count value calculated from the sCLEC-2 concentration and the platelet count were calculated and compared between the DIC-onset cases of sepsis patients and the DIC-non-symptomatic cases of sepsis patients, the sCLEC-2 concentration was compared.
- Example 4 Evaluation as a biomarker based on the ROC curve >> A ROC (Receiver Operatorating Characteristic) curve was created using the measured values and calculated values obtained in Example 3, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.
- FIG. 3 shows the result of sCLEC-2 concentration (solid line) and the result of sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count (dotted line).
- the AUC of the ROC curve was 0.628 for the sCLEC-2 concentration, 0.866 for the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count, and 0.732 for the platelet count. It is said that the closer the AUC is to 1.0, the higher the diagnostic ability, and the sCLEC-2 concentration / platelet count shows the best diagnostic ability.
- the present invention can be used to grasp the platelet activation state, and can be used for testing for thrombotic hemostatic diseases and the like.
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Abstract
Description
[1](1)被検対象由来の被検試料中の可溶型CLEC-2濃度と血小板数を測定する工程、及び
(2)前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度および前記血小板数から血小板活性化状態を把握する工程、
を含む、血小板活性化状態の把握を補助する方法。
[2](1)被検対象由来の被検試料中の可溶型CLEC-2濃度と血小板数を測定する工程、及び
(2)前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度を前記血小板数で除することにより、可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値を計算する工程、
を含む、血小板活性化状態の把握を補助する方法。
[3]健常対象に由来する被検試料を使用して得られた可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値と比較する工程を更に含む、[2]の方法。
[4]前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板の値が、血栓止血疾患の病態を反映するマーカーである、[2]又は[3]の方法。
[5]前記血栓止血疾患が、播種性血管内凝固症候群(DIC)、心筋梗塞、狭心症、脳梗塞、閉塞性動脈硬化症、深部静脈血栓症、肺血栓塞栓症、心原性脳梗塞、抗リン脂質症候群、敗血症のいずれかである、[4]の方法。
[6]血栓止血疾患患者を対象として、当該血栓止血疾患の予後または治療経過をモニタリングする手法として使用するための、[1]~[5]のいずれかの方法。
[7](1)被験対象由来の被検試料中の可溶型CLEC-2濃度と血小板数を記憶することのできる記憶手段、
(2)前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度を前記血小板数で除することにより、可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値を計算することのできる計算手段、
(3)得られた被検対象の前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値を、健常対象の可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値と比較することのできる比較手段、及び
(4)前記比較により得られた結果を表示することのできる表示手段、
を含む、血小板活性化状態を把握するためのシステム。
[8]プロセッサ及び前記プロセッサの制御化にあるメモリを含むコンピュータを備え、前記メモリには、下記の工程:
(1)被験対象由来の被検試料中の可溶型CLEC-2濃度と血小板数を前記メモリに記憶させる記憶工程、
(2)前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度を前記血小板数で除することにより、可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値を計算する計算工程、
(3)前記計算工程で得られた前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値を、健常対象の可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値と比較する比較工程、及び
(4)前記比較工程で得られた結果を表示する表示工程、
を前記コンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムが記録されている、血小板活性化状態を把握するためのシステム。
[9][7]又は[8]のシステムを備えた、電子カルテ、臨床検査装置、又は病院内検査システム。
[10](1)可溶型CLEC-2測定試薬および/または血小板測定試薬、及び
(2)可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値と、血小板活性化状態との関連を記載した添付文書、
を含む、血小板活性化状態の把握用キット。
分子量約40kDaのタンパク質、分子量約32kDaのタンパク質は血小板膜表面に存在し、血小板活性化に伴って産生されるマイクロパーティクルに含まれた状態で放出されると推定される。これらには糖鎖が付加されていると考えられる。
一方、分子量約25kDaのタンパク質は血小板の活性化に伴ってプロテアーゼによって切断を受けて血小板から遊離すると考えられる。
具体的な例を挙げると、心筋梗塞や脳梗塞の患者においてsCLEC-2濃度と血小板数の測定を行い、その比が高値になれば生体内の血小板活性化が生じていると判断でき、抗血小板薬の投与、増量、あるいは異なる種類の抗血小板薬の追加投与などの対策を講じることができる。
また、糖尿病患者など、心筋梗塞や脳梗塞のハイリスク患者においてsCLEC-2濃度と血小板数の測定を行いsCLEC-2濃度/血小板数が高値の患者にはアスピリンなどの抗血小板薬を一次予防として投与する、といった使用法も可能と考えられる。敗血症のように血栓止血異常を伴う重症感染症では血栓止血異常の程度からその診断に使用することもできる。さらに、アスピリン、クロビドグレルなどの抗血小板薬を服用している患者においてsCLEC-2濃度と血小板数の測定を施行し、高値であれば抗血小板薬の増量、異なる種類の抗血小板薬への変更あるいは追加投与などを検討することも可能である。
また、慢性関節リウマチでは血小板マイクロパーティクルが増悪因子となっているという報告があり、CLEC-2はマイクロパーティクル上にも発現しているため、慢性関節リウマチ患者においてもsCLEC-2濃度/血小板数が上昇している可能性があり、慢性関節リウマチの検査にも有用である。
さらに、CLEC-2が生体内ではポドプラニンという、ある種の腫瘍細胞に発現する膜タンパク質と結合し、その転移を促進することが報告されており、ポドプラニン発現腫瘍の患者において、血中の腫瘍が血小板を活性化して、sCLEC-2濃度/血小板数が上昇する可能性がある。よって、sCLEC-2濃度/血小板数は癌転移マーカーとして使用できる可能性がある。
本発明のシステム、又は本発明の電子カルテ、臨床検査装置、若しくは病院内検査システム(以下、本発明のシステム等と称する)を用いて本発明方法を実施することができる。本発明のシステム等を用いて測定(又は決定)できる「可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値」、本発明のシステム等を用いて把握することのできる「状態、疾患等」とそれらの「判定・判断基準等」、「可溶型CLEC-2濃度および血小板数」の各測定方法等については、本発明方法に関して先述した説明をそのまま適用することができる。
本発明のキットは、(1)可溶型CLEC-2測定試薬および/または血小板測定試薬、(2)可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値と、血小板活性化状態との関連を記載した添付文書を含むことができる。
特許第6078845号明細書の実施例6に従って、ヒト血漿中のsCLEC-2濃度(pg/mL)を測定した。
特許第6078845号公報の実施例で作製したマウス抗ヒトCLEC-2モノクローナル抗体(1-11D5、3-11E6抗体)を用いてサンドイッチELISA系を構築した。すなわち、0.05mol/L炭酸緩衝液(pH9.5)で精製した1-11D5抗体(F(ab)’2)を10μg/mLに希釈し、イムノプレート(Maxisorp,NUNC)に100μL/ウェル添加した。4℃で一晩反応後、0.05% Tween-20を含むホウ酸緩衝生理食塩水(BBS)で3回洗浄し、1%ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)を含むリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)を各ウェルに200μL添加しブロッキングした。次にサンプル及びスタンダードとして用いる特許第6078845号公報の実施例3で作成したヒトCLEC-2(hCLEC-2)タンパク質を10%SuperBlock、0.1%オクタン酸ナトリウム、0.14mol/L塩化ナトリウム/PBSを用いて希釈した。また測定サンプルとして血漿を用いる場合は5倍以上で希釈し、それぞれ100μL/ウェルで添加し、37℃で1時間半振盪させながら反応させた後、同様に3回洗浄した。特許第6078845号公報の実施例5で調製したBiotin標識した3-11E6抗体(F(ab)’2-Biotin)を10%SuperBlock、0.1%オクタン酸ナトリウム、0.14mol/L塩化ナトリウム/PBSにて1.0μg/mLに希釈し、各ウェルに100μL添加した。37℃で1時間、振盪させながら反応させた後、同様の方法で3回洗浄した。次いで、AMDEX streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase(GE Healthcare)を10%SuperBlock、0.1%オクタン酸ナトリウム、0.14mol/L塩化ナトリウム/PBSにて希釈し、各ウェルに100μL添加した。37℃で1時間振盪しながら反応させた後、同様の方法で5回洗浄し、テトラメチルベンジジン(TMB)溶液を各ウェル100μL添加した。室温で約20分間反応後、2N硫酸溶液で反応を停止した。プレート分光光度計(BIO-TEK INSTRUMENTS社/EL312e)で450nm(-620nm)の吸光度を測定した。
ヒト全血中の血小板数の測定は、Sysmex社の自動血球計測装置(XN-550)を用いて実施した。血小板数は1000個/mm3で表した。
実施例1で測定したsCLEC-2濃度の測定値、実施例2で測定した血小板数、これらの値から算出したsCLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値を、表1に示す。測定検体は、敗血症例32例(播種性血管内凝固症候群(DIC)発症例が20例、非DIC発症例が12例)であり、日本救急医学会急性期DIC診断基準により診断した。なお、各測定値は、入院一日目に採取した検体の測定値である。さらに健常者37例の血漿中sCLEC-2濃度と血中血小板数を測定し、sCLEC-2濃度/血小板数を計算した。健常者のsCLEC-2濃度、血小板数、sCLEC-2濃度/血小板数の平均±標準偏差は、各々87±38.9(pg/mL)、263±63.4(1000個/mm3)、0.34±0.15であった。
実施例3で得られた測定値および計算値を用いてROC(Receiver Operatorating Characteristic)曲線を作成し、曲線下面積(AUC)を算出した。図3に、sCLEC-2濃度の結果(実線)と、sCLEC-2濃度/血小板数の結果(点線)を示す。ROC曲線のAUCは、sCLEC-2濃度は0.628、sCLEC-2濃度/血小板数は0.866、血小板数は0.732であった。AUCは1.0に近いほど診断能が高いとされており、sCLEC-2濃度/血小板数が最も良い診断能を示した。
Claims (10)
- (1)被検対象由来の被検試料中の可溶型CLEC-2濃度と血小板数を測定する工程、及び
(2)前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度および前記血小板数から血小板活性化状態を把握する工程、
を含む、血小板活性化状態の把握を補助する方法。 - (1)被検対象由来の被検試料中の可溶型CLEC-2濃度と血小板数を測定する工程、及び
(2)前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度を前記血小板数で除することにより、可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値を計算する工程、
を含む、血小板活性化状態の把握を補助する方法。 - 健常対象に由来する被検試料を使用して得られた可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値と比較する工程を更に含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板の値が、血栓止血疾患の病態を反映するマーカーである、請求項2又は3に記載の方法。
- 前記血栓止血疾患が、播種性血管内凝固症候群(DIC)、心筋梗塞、狭心症、脳梗塞、閉塞性動脈硬化症、深部静脈血栓症、肺血栓塞栓症、心原性脳梗塞、抗リン脂質症候群、敗血症のいずれかである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 血栓止血疾患患者を対象として、当該血栓止血疾患の予後または治療経過をモニタリングする手法として使用するための、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- (1)被験対象由来の被検試料中の可溶型CLEC-2濃度と血小板数を記憶することのできる記憶手段、
(2)前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度を前記血小板数で除することにより、可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値を計算することのできる計算手段、
(3)得られた被検対象の前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値を、健常対象の可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値と比較することのできる比較手段、及び
(4)前記比較により得られた結果を表示することのできる表示手段、
を含む、血小板活性化状態を把握するためのシステム。 - プロセッサ及び前記プロセッサの制御化にあるメモリを含むコンピュータを備え、前記メモリには、下記の工程:
(1)被験対象由来の被検試料中の可溶型CLEC-2濃度と血小板数を前記メモリに記憶させる記憶工程、
(2)前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度を前記血小板数で除することにより、可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値を計算する計算工程、
(3)前記計算工程で得られた前記可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値を、健常対象の可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値と比較する比較工程、及び
(4)前記比較工程で得られた結果を表示する表示工程、
を前記コンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムが記録されている、血小板活性化状態を把握するためのシステム。 - 請求項7又は8に記載のシステムを備えた、電子カルテ、臨床検査装置、又は病院内検査システム。
- (1)可溶型CLEC-2測定試薬および/または血小板測定試薬、及び
(2)可溶型CLEC-2濃度/血小板数の値と、血小板活性化状態との関連を記載した添付文書、
を含む、血小板活性化状態の把握用キット。
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