WO2021166233A1 - 電力変換装置、それを含む車両及び制御方法 - Google Patents

電力変換装置、それを含む車両及び制御方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021166233A1
WO2021166233A1 PCT/JP2020/007144 JP2020007144W WO2021166233A1 WO 2021166233 A1 WO2021166233 A1 WO 2021166233A1 JP 2020007144 W JP2020007144 W JP 2020007144W WO 2021166233 A1 WO2021166233 A1 WO 2021166233A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
conversion circuit
coil
power
circuit
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2020/007144
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
圭司 田代
智彰 氏丸
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Priority to PCT/JP2020/007144 priority Critical patent/WO2021166233A1/ja
Priority to JP2021516703A priority patent/JP6996661B1/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2020/030032 priority patent/WO2021166284A1/ja
Publication of WO2021166233A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021166233A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a power converter, a vehicle including the power converter, and a control method.
  • Power conversion devices are used in various electric devices and equipment, including vehicles.
  • a vehicle such as a PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) or an EV (Electric Vehicle) is equipped with an in-vehicle charger, a DC / DC converter, and a plurality of power conversion units.
  • the AC power of the system can be converted into DC power to charge the in-vehicle battery, and the output voltage of the in-vehicle battery can be converted into an appropriate voltage and supplied to each device inside the vehicle during traveling or the like.
  • Patent Document 1 a vehicle equipped with a high-voltage battery and a low-voltage battery is mounted, and voltage conversion is performed between two DC power supplies (high-voltage battery and low-voltage battery), and the AC voltage input to these DC power supplies is used.
  • a switching power supply that performs appropriate charging based on the above is disclosed.
  • the power conversion device includes a transformer including a first coil, a second coil, and a third coil, a first conversion circuit connected to the first coil, and a second coil connected to the second coil.
  • the first conversion circuit includes a conversion circuit and a rectifying circuit connected to the third coil, converts the DC voltage input to the first conversion circuit, generates a first AC voltage, and supplies the first AC voltage to the first coil.
  • the second conversion circuit determines the second AC voltage applied to the second coil so as to output a predetermined first DC voltage
  • the rectifier circuit determines the third AC voltage supplied from the third coil.
  • the voltage generated by rectifying the voltage is output, and the second AC voltage has a first phase difference with respect to the first AC voltage.
  • the vehicle according to another aspect of the present disclosure is equipped with the above power conversion device.
  • a control method includes a transformer including the first coil, the second coil and the third coil, a first conversion circuit connected to the first coil, and a first coil connected to the second coil. It is a control method of a power conversion device including a 2 conversion circuit and a rectifying circuit connected to a 3rd coil.
  • the DC voltage input to the 1st conversion circuit is converted into the 1st conversion circuit, and the 1st AC
  • the circuit includes a step of rectifying the third AC voltage supplied from the third coil and outputting the generated voltage, and the second AC voltage has a first phase difference with respect to the first AC voltage.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration when the power conversion device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is mounted on a vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a vehicle according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the power conversion device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram showing the control timing of the power conversion device shown in FIG. 3 and the voltage and current generated accordingly.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a current flow in the first mode of the power conversion device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a current flow in the second mode of the power conversion device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a current flow in the third mode of the power conversion device shown in FIG. FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a current flow in the fourth mode of the power conversion device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the inductor current.
  • FIG. 10 is a waveform diagram showing the control timing of the power conversion device shown in FIG. 3 and the voltage and current generated accordingly.
  • FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing feedback control of the power conversion device.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a power supply when the battery is being charged.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing power supply when the battery is not charged (when the vehicle is running, etc.).
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a power supply when the high-voltage battery is discharged.
  • FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing power supply to a load due to discharge of a high-voltage battery.
  • FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing a PFC circuit capable of bidirectional operation.
  • FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the power conversion device according to the modified example.
  • FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of FIG.
  • a multi-output converter it is required to control the power flow between each circuit unit and the output voltage independently.
  • a DC / DC converter of an in-vehicle charger and a DC / DC converter may be integrated using one transformer to form a combined power converter.
  • the charging power for charging the high-voltage battery from the power system and the output voltage for charging the low-voltage battery (lead battery) can be controlled independently.
  • the switching power supply device disclosed in Patent Document 1 the charging power for charging the high-voltage battery and the output voltage for charging the low-voltage battery cannot be controlled independently.
  • an object of the present disclosure is to provide a power conversion device capable of independently controlling a power flow and an output voltage between each circuit unit, a vehicle including the power conversion device, and a control method.
  • the power conversion device includes a transformer including a first coil, a second coil, and a third coil, a first conversion circuit connected to the first coil, and a second coil.
  • the first conversion circuit includes the connected second conversion circuit and the rectifying circuit connected to the third coil, and converts the DC voltage input to the first conversion circuit to generate the first AC voltage.
  • Supply to the first coil, the second conversion circuit determines the second AC voltage applied to the second coil so as to output a predetermined first DC voltage, and the rectifier circuit is supplied from the third coil.
  • the voltage generated by rectifying the third AC voltage is output, and the second AC voltage has a first phase difference with respect to the first AC voltage.
  • the power conversion device can be made smaller and lighter. Further, electric power can be transmitted in a desired direction between the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit.
  • the first AC voltage and the second AC voltage have the same pulse width.
  • the power conversion device further includes a control unit that controls the operation of the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit, and the control unit adjusts the pulse width according to the voltage output from the rectifier circuit. adjust.
  • the voltage of the output port of the rectifier circuit can be set to a desired value.
  • the control unit supplies the electric power supplied from the first conversion circuit to the second conversion circuit or the power supplied from the second conversion circuit to the first conversion circuit via the first coil and the second coil.
  • the first phase difference is adjusted according to the electric power.
  • the power flow and the output voltage between the circuit units can be controlled independently. That is, by adjusting the pulse width, the voltage of the output port of the rectifier circuit can be set to a desired value.
  • the phase difference the power transmitted between the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit can be set to a desired value.
  • electric power can be transmitted in a desired direction between the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit.
  • the power conversion device further includes a control unit that controls the operation of the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit, and the control unit is connected to the first conversion circuit via the first coil and the second coil.
  • the first phase difference is adjusted according to the power supplied to the second conversion circuit or the power supplied from the second conversion circuit to the first conversion circuit.
  • the flow of electric power between each circuit unit can be controlled. That is, by adjusting the phase difference, the power transmitted between the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit can be set to a desired value. Further, by changing the positive / negative of the phase difference, electric power can be transmitted in a desired direction between the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit.
  • each of the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit is a full bridge circuit composed of a plurality of switching elements. As a result, power can be transmitted in both directions between the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit with a transformer in between.
  • control unit controls on and off of a plurality of switching elements constituting each of the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit by a phase shift method.
  • the pulse width and the phase difference can be easily adjusted.
  • the power conversion device is mounted on a vehicle including a high-voltage battery and a low-voltage battery, the high-voltage battery is connected to the output section of the second conversion circuit, and the low-voltage battery is connected to the output section of the rectifier circuit. NS. This makes it possible to reduce the size and weight of the power conversion device in the vehicle.
  • the second conversion circuit converts the DC voltage input to the second conversion circuit, generates a fourth AC voltage, and supplies the fourth AC voltage to the second coil.
  • the conversion circuit determines the fifth AC voltage applied from the first coil so as to output a predetermined second DC voltage, and the fifth AC voltage has a second phase difference with respect to the fourth AC voltage. ..
  • the control unit drives the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit in different phases during the charge / discharge operation of the vehicle, and the first conversion circuit except during the charge / discharge operation of the vehicle. And the second conversion circuit is driven in the same phase.
  • the electric power from the system can be converted into appropriate electric power for charging the high-voltage battery, and the high-voltage battery can be discharged to supply electric power to the system side.
  • the voltage of the high-voltage battery can be converted into an appropriate voltage and supplied to the auxiliary equipment load.
  • the control unit mutually exchanges the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit when the high-voltage battery is charged or discharged while the input unit of the first conversion circuit is connected to the power system.
  • the first conversion circuit is stopped and the second conversion circuit is driven.
  • the electric power from the system can be converted into appropriate electric power for charging the high-voltage battery, and the high-voltage battery can be discharged to supply electric power to the system side.
  • the voltage of the high-voltage battery can be converted into an appropriate voltage and supplied to the auxiliary equipment load.
  • the power conversion device is mounted on a vehicle including a high-voltage battery and a low-voltage battery, the high-voltage battery is connected to the output section of the second conversion circuit, and the low-voltage battery is connected to the output section of the rectifier circuit. Will be done. This makes it possible to reduce the size and weight of the power conversion device in the vehicle.
  • the power conversion device further includes at least one of a first inductor connected in series with the first coil and a second inductor connected in series with the second coil, and includes the first inductor.
  • the first AC voltage generated by the first conversion circuit is supplied to the first coil and the first inductor instead of being supplied to the first coil, and when the second inductor is included, it is determined by the second conversion circuit.
  • the second AC voltage is applied to the second coil and the second inductor instead of being applied to the second coil.
  • the third coil is a coil having a center tap
  • the rectifier circuit includes a choke coil that connects the center tap and the output terminal of the rectifier circuit. This makes it possible to perform full-wave rectification with a smaller number of parts as compared with a coil that does not have a center tap, and it is possible to improve transformer utilization efficiency and reduce the size of the transformer.
  • the vehicle according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is a vehicle equipped with the above power conversion device.
  • the power conversion device is small and lightweight, so that the power conversion device can be easily mounted on the vehicle.
  • the control method according to the third aspect of the present disclosure is connected to a transformer including the first coil, the second coil and the third coil, a first conversion circuit connected to the first coil, and a second coil. It is a control method of a power conversion device including a second conversion circuit and a rectifying circuit connected to a third coil.
  • the DC voltage input to the first conversion circuit is converted into the first conversion circuit.
  • the rectifying circuit includes a step of rectifying the third AC voltage supplied from the third coil and outputting the generated voltage, and the second AC voltage has a first phase difference with respect to the first AC voltage. Have. As a result, the power conversion device can be made smaller and lighter. Further, electric power can be transmitted in a desired direction between the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit.
  • the power conversion device 100 includes a first DC / AC conversion circuit (first conversion circuit) 102, a transformer 104, and a second DC / AC conversion circuit (second conversion circuit). ) 106, a rectifier circuit 108, and a control unit 110.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system configuration when the power conversion device 100 is mounted on a vehicle. This system includes a PFC (Power Factor Direction) circuit 122, a capacitor 124, a power converter 100, a high-voltage battery 126, a booster circuit 128, an inverter circuit 130, a motor 132, a low-voltage battery 134, and an accessory system load 136.
  • PFC Power Factor Direction
  • the input unit 140 of the power conversion device 100 that is, the input unit of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 is connected to the PFC circuit 122 via the capacitor 124. Power is supplied to the input unit 140 from the PFC circuit 122.
  • the electric power supplied from the PFC circuit 122 is DC electric power converted from the AC electric power supplied from the AC power source 120 such as the electric power system.
  • the PFC circuit 122 is a power factor improving circuit, which suppresses harmonics superimposed on the AC power input from the AC power supply 120 and generates stable DC power.
  • the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 receives control from the control unit 110, converts the DC power (DC voltage) input from the input unit 140, and supplies the generated AC voltage to the primary coil of the transformer 104. As a result, an AC voltage is generated in the secondary coil of the transformer 104.
  • One of the two secondary coils of the transformer 104 is connected to the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106, and the AC voltage generated in the secondary coil is input to the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106.
  • the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 is controlled by the control unit 110 to convert the input AC voltage to generate a DC voltage.
  • the first output unit 142 of the power conversion device 100 that is, the output unit of the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 is connected to the high voltage battery 126, and the DC voltage generated by the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 is the high voltage battery 126. Is entered in. As a result, the high-voltage battery 126 can be charged by the electric power supplied from the AC power supply 120.
  • the high-voltage battery 126 is connected to the motor 132 via the booster circuit 128 and the inverter circuit 130.
  • the output voltage of the high-voltage battery 126 is boosted to a high voltage (direct current) suitable for driving the motor 132 by the booster circuit 128.
  • the generated high-voltage DC voltage is converted into an AC voltage by the inverter circuit 130.
  • the converted AC voltage is supplied to the motor 132. As a result, the motor 132 is driven and the vehicle can run.
  • the other of the two secondary coils of the transformer 104 is connected to the rectifier circuit 108, and the AC voltage generated in the secondary coil is input to the rectifier circuit 108.
  • the rectifier circuit 108 smoothes the input AC voltage to generate a DC voltage.
  • the second output unit 144 of the power conversion device 100 that is, the output unit of the rectifier circuit 108 is connected to the low voltage battery 134, and the DC voltage generated by the rectifier circuit 108 is input to the low voltage battery 134.
  • the low-voltage battery 134 can be charged by the electric power supplied from the AC power supply 120.
  • the low voltage battery 134 is connected to the auxiliary machine load 136. By discharging the low-voltage battery 134, electric power is supplied to the auxiliary machine load 136.
  • the system shown in FIG. 1 can be mounted on a vehicle 200 such as a PHEV or EV.
  • vehicle 200 such as a PHEV or EV.
  • the power conversion device 100 mounted on the vehicle 200 constitutes a power supply unit together with the high-voltage battery 126, the low-voltage battery 134, and the like.
  • the output power (direct current) of the high-voltage battery 126 is converted into AC power by the inverter circuit 130 and used to drive the motor 132.
  • the power converter 100 is used to convert voltage between the high voltage battery 126 and the low voltage battery 134.
  • the power conversion device 100 converts the output voltage of the high-voltage battery 126 into a low voltage and supplies it to the low-voltage battery 134. As a result, the low-voltage battery 134 is charged, and the auxiliary machine load 136 is operated by the discharge of the low-voltage battery 134.
  • the power conversion device 100 is also used to charge the high-pressure battery 126 and the low-pressure battery 134 with the AC power supplied from the external AC power source, and an appropriate charging voltage for the high-pressure battery 126 and the low-pressure battery 134.
  • the auxiliary machine load 136 is an accessory device necessary for operating an engine, a motor, and the like, and mainly includes a cell motor, an alternator, a radiator cooling fan, and the like.
  • the auxiliary machine load 136 may include lighting, a wiper drive unit, a navigation device, an air conditioner, a heater, and the like.
  • the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 includes switching elements Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4.
  • the switching elements Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are bridge-connected to form a full-bridge circuit.
  • the switching elements Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are composed of, for example, FETs (Field Effect Transistors).
  • FIG. 3 shows a parasitic diode (body diode) formed inside the FET.
  • the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 includes switching elements Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8.
  • the switching elements Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8 are bridge-connected to form a full-bridge circuit.
  • the switching elements Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8 are composed of, for example, FETs.
  • the transformer 104 includes a core 150, a first coil 152, a second coil 154 and a third coil 156 wound around the core 150, and a first inductor (coil) L1 and a second inductor (coil) L2.
  • the first coil 152 functions as the primary coil of the transformer 104
  • each of the second coil 154 and the third coil 156 functions as the secondary coil of the transformer 104.
  • the third coil 156 is, for example, a center tap type coil in which two coils are connected in series and the connection node (hereinafter referred to as a center tap) serves as one of the output terminals.
  • the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 may be an inductive component, and in FIG. 3, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 utilize the leakage inductance of the transformer 104, and are included in the transformer 104. Shown.
  • the output terminals of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 are connected to both terminals of the first inductor L1 and the first coil 152 connected in series.
  • the input terminal of the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 is connected to the second inductor L2 and the second coil 154 connected in series.
  • a DC voltage E1 is input from the PFC circuit 122 between the nodes N1 and N2 (input unit 140) of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102.
  • the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 sets the DC voltage E1 input between the nodes N1 and N2 to an AC voltage. Is converted to and supplied to the first coil 152 of the transformer 104.
  • the AC voltage generated in the second coil 154 is input to the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106, and the on and off of the switching elements Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8 are controlled by the control unit 110. It is converted to a DC voltage, and the DC voltage E2 is output between the nodes N3 and N4 of the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106. That is, the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102, the transformer 104, and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 function as DC / DC converters.
  • the rectifier circuit 108 includes switching elements Q101 and Q102, a choke coil L3, and a capacitor C1.
  • the switching elements Q101 and Q102 are composed of, for example, FETs.
  • the input terminals of the rectifier circuit 108 are connected to both terminals of the third coil 156.
  • One terminal of the choke coil L3 is connected to the center tap of the third coil 156, and the other terminal is connected to the node N5.
  • Capacitor C1 is connected to nodes N5 and N6.
  • the AC voltage is supplied to the first coil 152 by controlling the on and off of the switching elements Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 by the control unit 110. Then, an AC voltage is generated in the third coil 156.
  • the AC voltage generated in the third coil 156 is input to the rectifier circuit 108, and is rectified by alternately flowing current through the parasitic diodes of the switching elements Q101 and Q102.
  • the choke coil L3 and the capacitor C1 smooth the rectified current to generate a choke current i3, and a DC voltage V out is generated between the nodes N5 and N6. That is, the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102, the transformer 104, and the rectifier circuit 108 function as DC / DC converters.
  • the rectifier circuit 108 performs the rectification operation as described above.
  • the on and off of the switching elements Q101 and Q102 of the rectifier circuit 108 may be controlled by the control unit 110 in a synchronous rectification method.
  • the control unit 110 includes a CPU 160, a memory 162, and an I / F unit (interface unit) 164.
  • the memory 162 stores a program executed by the CPU 160.
  • the I / F unit 164 is a signal for controlling on and off of each switching element constituting the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 as described above. (Gate voltage of each switching element) is output. Further, power and voltage measuring devices (sensors and the like) (not shown) are arranged in the first output unit 142 and the second output unit 144.
  • the I / F unit 164 receives the measured values in the first output unit 142 and the second output unit 144 and stores them in the memory 162. The stored measurements are used in feedback control as described below.
  • the CPU 160 executes these processes by executing the program read from the memory 162.
  • control unit 110 may control the on and off of the switching elements Q101 and Q102 constituting the rectifier circuit 108, if necessary.
  • the control unit 110 may be realized by a semiconductor element (PLD, FPGA, ASIC, etc.).
  • Each switching element may be a semiconductor element other than the FET, for example, a semiconductor element such as an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor).
  • each control signal (gate voltage) of the switching elements Q1 to Q8, the output voltage V1 of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 generated by the control signal (gate voltage), the input voltage V2 of the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106, and the inductor are shown.
  • the voltage ( VL1 + VL2 ) and the inductor current i are shown.
  • the horizontal axis represents time. All time axes are the same. That is, the dotted lines in the vertical direction represent the same timing (same time).
  • the “same” is not limited to the case where they are exactly the same, but also includes the case where there is a difference (for example, an error) within a predetermined range. If the time difference is sufficiently small with respect to the switching period, the difference can be ignored as an error and can be interpreted as the same (the same applies hereinafter). In addition, those that do not correspond to "same” used in this sense are called “different”.
  • the inductor voltage is the sum of the voltage V L2 of the voltage V L1 (see FIG. 3) and the second inductor L2 of the first inductor L1 (see FIG. 3).
  • the inductor current is the inductor current i (see FIG. 3) flowing through the first inductor L1.
  • the number of turns of the first coil 152 and the second coil 154 of the transformer 104 are the same, and the number of turns between the center tap and each of the terminals in the third coil 156 is the same as that of the first coil 152 (second coil 154). It is assumed that the number of turns is 1 / n.
  • the switching elements Q1 to Q8 are controlled by the phase shift method. That is, the switching elements Q1 to Q8 are all controlled with the same period T, the switching elements Q1 and Q2 are alternately turned on at a duty of 50%, and the switching elements Q3 and Q4 are also turned on alternately at a duty of 50%. That is, the pulse widths are the same (including the case where the difference between the two pulse widths is sufficiently small (for example, several percent or less) with respect to the switching period as described above).
  • the switching element Q3 is turned on with a phase difference from the switching element Q1 (delayed by the pulse width T0 (time)).
  • the phase difference of the pulse width T0 (time) is 2 ⁇ ⁇ T0 / T (rad) in terms of angle.
  • the switching elements Q5 and Q6 are alternately turned on at a duty of 50%, and the switching elements Q7 and Q8 are also turned on alternately at a duty of 50%.
  • the switching element Q7 is turned on with a phase difference of the pulse width T0 with respect to the switching element Q5.
  • the switching element Q5 is turned on with a phase difference of time Tp with respect to the switching element Q1.
  • the phase difference of time Tp is 2 ⁇ ⁇ Tp / T (rad) in terms of angle. Since the time Tp is treated as the phase difference in this way, it is referred to as the phase difference Tp below.
  • the half cycle (T / 2) is divided into four periods (time t1 to t4) according to the on state or the off state of the switching elements Q1 to Q8, and the power conversion device 100 corresponds to them. It operates in four modes.
  • the operation modes of the power conversion device 100 at each of the times t1 to t4 are referred to as the first to fourth modes.
  • the switching elements Q1, Q4, Q6 and Q8 are on, and the switching elements Q2, Q3, Q5 and Q7 are off.
  • the switching elements Q1, Q4, Q5 and Q8 are on, and the switching elements Q2, Q3, Q6 and Q7 are off.
  • the switching elements Q1, Q3, Q5 and Q8 are on, and the switching elements Q2, Q4, Q6 and Q7 are off.
  • the switching elements Q1, Q3, Q5 and Q7 are on, and the switching elements Q2, Q4, Q6 and Q8 are off.
  • the output voltage V1 of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and the input voltage V2 of the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 change as shown in FIG.
  • each mode will be specifically described.
  • the input voltage (voltage between nodes N1 and N2) E1 to the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 by the power supply from the system is the output voltage of the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106.
  • the voltage between the nodes N3 and N4, that is, the input voltage to the high voltage battery 126) is larger than E2 (E1> E2> 0).
  • the direction of the current flowing through the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 from the AC power supply 120 side (power system) to the high-voltage battery 126 side is "positive", and when the current increases, it is called “charging” of the inductor. , When it decreases, it is called “discharge”.
  • a current flows through the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 as shown by the thick arrow.
  • the output terminal of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 is short-circuited, and the output voltage V1 of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 is 0.
  • a voltage is applied to the first inductor L1 in a direction in which the current decreases, and the first inductor L1 is discharged.
  • the input voltage V2 of the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 is equal to the output voltage E2 of the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106, as in the second mode.
  • the inductor voltage ( VL1 + VL2 ) is calculated in consideration of the positive direction of the voltages of E1, E2, V1 and V2 (see the upward arrow in FIG. 3).
  • V1, V2 and the inductor voltage ( VL1 + VL2 ) change as shown in FIG. V2 has a phase difference Tp with respect to V1.
  • the latter half cycle of one cycle can be divided into four sections as in the first half cycle, and the power conversion device 100 operates in four different modes.
  • the operation of each period in the latter half cycle in which each of the first to fourth modes is shifted by T / 2 operates in the same manner as the corresponding first to fourth modes.
  • the on state and the off state of each switching element are reversed, the current flowing through the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 is opposite to the first half cycle. That is, as shown in FIG.
  • V1, V2 and the inductor voltage ( VL1 + VL2 ) in the latter half cycle are the values obtained by reversing the V1, V2 and the inductor voltage in the first half cycle with reference to 0 ( The value is the reverse of the sign.
  • Each of V1, V2 and the inductor voltage changes with the period T.
  • Equation 1 The amount of change in current from point A to point B (difference between the current value at point A and the current value at point B) is expressed by Equation 1.
  • the amount of change in current from point B to point C is expressed by Equation 2.
  • the amount of change in current from point C to point D is expressed by Equation 3.
  • the amount of change in current from point D to point E is zero.
  • the amount of change in the current from the point E to the point F is a negative value obtained by inverting the sign of the value represented by the equation 1.
  • the amount of change in the current from the point F to the point G is a negative value obtained by inverting the sign of the value represented by the equation 2.
  • the amount of change in the current from the point G to the point H is a positive value obtained by inverting the sign of the value represented by the equation 3.
  • the amount of change in current from point H to point I is zero.
  • the difference (Peak-to-peak value) ⁇ Ipp between the maximum value and the minimum value of the inductor current i is the absolute value of the amount of current change from point C to point D, and the current change from point E to point F. It is the total value of the absolute value of the amount and the absolute value of the amount of change in the current from the point F to the point G, and is expressed by Equation 4.
  • FIG. 9 shows one cycle of the inductor current waveform shown at the bottom of FIG.
  • the power P is expressed as in Equation 5.
  • Equation 6 is obtained by dividing Equation 5 by the half-cycle time (T / 2) and converting it into the transmission energy per unit time, that is, the average transmission power.
  • the power P depends on the pulse width T0 and the phase difference Tp. Therefore, the power P can be set to a desired value by adjusting at least one of the pulse width T0 and the phase difference Tp.
  • the circuit configurations of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102, the transformer 104, and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 are such that the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 are symmetrical with the transformer 104 in between.
  • power can be supplied from the high-voltage battery 126 to the AC power supply 120 side.
  • each control signal (gate voltage) of the switching elements Q1 to Q8, the output voltage V1 of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102, and the input voltage of the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 are shown.
  • V2 and the voltage and choke current of the third coil 156 generated by them are shown.
  • the voltage of the third coil 156 is the voltage between the center tap and the terminal of the third coil 156, that is, a voltage halved of the voltage V3 between both ends of the third coil 156 (hereinafter referred to as V3 / 2). (See FIG. 3).
  • the choke current is the choke current i3 (see FIG. 3) flowing through the choke coil L3.
  • V1 is equal to the input voltage of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102, that is, the voltage E1 between the nodes N1 and N2. Therefore, the voltage of the transformer 170 becomes L2 ⁇ E1 / (L1 + L2). Since the number of turns of the third coil 156 is 1 / n of the number of turns of the second coil 154, the voltage (V3 / 2) generated between the center tap and the terminal of the third coil 156, that is, FIG. V31 in the first mode shown in is L2 ⁇ E1 / ⁇ n ⁇ (L1 + L2) ⁇ .
  • L3 represents the inductance of the choke coil L3.
  • the voltage of the transformer 170 is a value obtained by dividing the voltage V2 between the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2. Further, as described above, V2 is equal to the output voltage of the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106, that is, the voltage E2 between the nodes N3 and N4. Therefore, the voltage of the transformer 170 is L1 ⁇ E2 / (L1 + L2).
  • the choke current i3 increases during the first and second modes, and the choke current decreases during the third mode.
  • E1 , E2, L1, L2 and V out the increasing / decreasing direction of the choke current i3 may be opposite to that in FIG.
  • Equation 11 is obtained for V out.
  • the output voltage V out of the rectifier circuit 108 depends on the pulse width T0. Therefore, by adjusting the pulse width T0, the output voltage V out of the rectifier circuit 108, that is, the voltage supplied to the low voltage battery 134 can be set to a desired value.
  • the power conversion device 100 has a common function of the DC / DC converter for supplying power to the high-voltage battery 126 and a function of the DC / DC converter for supplying power to the low-voltage battery 134. Since it is realized by using circuit elements (first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and transformer 104), it is smaller and lighter than the conventional one. In addition to this, in the power converter 100, the values of E1, E2, L1, L2 and T used in the system to which the power converter 100 is applied and the equations 6 and 11 are used to obtain P and The pulse width T0 and the phase difference Tp can be determined so that each V out has a desired value.
  • the pulse width T0 is adjusted according to the voltage on the system side (E1), the voltage on the high-voltage battery side (E2), and the voltage supplied to the low-voltage battery 134 (for example, a lead battery) (V out ), and the pulse width T0 is adjusted from the outside.
  • the phase difference Tp according to the charge / discharge request instruction, the power transmission between each circuit block can be arbitrarily controlled.
  • the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 can be supplied in both directions between the circuits 106.
  • the effective current is halved compared to a coil without a center tap, so a thin winding can be used for the third coil 156, and the transformer 104 can be used.
  • the leakage inductance of the transformer 104 is used as the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2, but the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 may be realized by a coil externally attached to the transformer 104.
  • the power flow and the output voltage between the circuit blocks can be controlled more reliably and independently.
  • Equations 6 and 11 are in an ideal state, when the power conversion device 100 is applied to a system, it is possible to measure the voltage and power of each circuit block and perform feedback control as necessary. preferable.
  • a power measuring device and a voltage measuring device are provided in each of the first output unit 142 and the second output unit 144, and the measured signal is input to the I / F unit of the control unit 110. Enter in 164.
  • the CPU 160 uses the acquired data (for example, the value obtained by AD-converting the analog signal input to the I / F unit 164) to set the current power P and the output voltage V out to the desired values (for example).
  • Feedback control can be performed by comparing with the value stored in the memory 162 in advance. As a result, desired power transmission can be realized even if there is an error factor.
  • the feedback control by the control unit 110 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the process of FIG. 12 is executed by the CPU 160 of the control unit 110.
  • step 300 the CPU 160 reads out the control conditions stored in advance in the memory 162 as initial values. After that, control shifts to step 302.
  • the initial values include T, T0, Tp, L1, L2, L3, n (real numbers representing the turns ratio), E1, E2, P and V out .
  • the initial values of P and V out are target values.
  • the CPU 160 uses the read T, T0, and Tp to output a control signal (for example, the gate voltage of the FET) for controlling the on and off of the switching elements Q1 to Q8 at the timing shown in FIG.
  • a control signal for example, the gate voltage of the FET
  • step 302 the CPU 160 acquires power and voltage from the measuring devices provided in the first output unit 142 and the second output unit 144 via the I / F unit 164. After that, control shifts to step 304.
  • the signal input to the I / F unit 164 is stored in the memory 162 as digital data.
  • step 304 the CPU 160 reads the power stored in step 302 from the memory 162, compares it with the initial value of P, and determines whether or not the difference (power difference) between the two is within a predetermined range. If it is determined that the power difference is within a predetermined range, control proceeds to step 308. Otherwise, control shifts to step 306.
  • step 306 the CPU 160 changes the pulse width T0 currently used for controlling the switching element so that the power difference calculated in step 304 becomes small. That is, the CPU 160 newly determines the pulse width T0 so that the power difference becomes small according to the equation 6, and outputs a control signal for controlling the on / off of the switching elements Q1 to Q8 using the value. do. After that, control shifts to step 308.
  • step 308 the CPU 160 reads the voltage stored in step 302 from the memory 162 , compares it with the initial value of V out , and determines whether or not the difference (voltage difference) between the two is within a predetermined range. If it is determined that the voltage difference is within a predetermined range, control proceeds to step 312. Otherwise, control shifts to step 310.
  • step 310 the CPU 160 changes the phase difference Tp currently used for controlling the switching element so that the voltage difference calculated in step 304 becomes small. That is, the CPU 160 newly determines the phase difference Tp so that the voltage difference becomes small according to the equation 11, and outputs a control signal for controlling the on / off of the switching elements Q1 to Q8 using the value. do. After that, control shifts to step 312.
  • step 312 the CPU 160 determines whether or not to end the on / off control of the switching element. If it is determined to end, the CPU 160 ends this program. Otherwise, control returns to step 302 and repeats the above process.
  • the end instruction is given, for example, by stopping the power supply to the power converter 100.
  • each of the power P and the output voltage V out can be maintained at the initial value read from the memory 162.
  • the flowchart shown in FIG. 12 can be changed in various ways. For example, the order of processing related to determination of power difference and voltage difference may be changed. Further, the process of newly determining the pulse width T0 and the phase difference Tp may be collectively executed after the determination of the power difference and the voltage difference. Further, instead of directly measuring the electric power, the electric power may be calculated by measuring the current and the voltage.
  • FIGS. 13 to 15 The operation of the on-board power conversion device 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 15.
  • the high-voltage battery 126, the booster circuit 128, the inverter circuit 130, the motor 132, the low-voltage battery 134, and the auxiliary machine load 136 are not shown.
  • FIG. 13 shows a state in which the vehicle 200 is connected to the electric power system and charges the high voltage battery 126 and the low voltage battery 134.
  • the operation of the power conversion device 100 at this time is referred to as a vehicle charging operation.
  • the AC voltage supplied from the AC power supply 120 is converted into a DC voltage by the PFC circuit 122 and input to the input unit 140 of the power conversion device 100.
  • the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 are controlled by the control unit 110, and the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102, the transformer 104 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 function as DC / DC converters.
  • the DC voltage input to the input unit 140 is converted into a DC voltage suitable for charging the high-voltage battery 126.
  • the converted DC voltage is supplied from the first output unit 142 to the high voltage battery 126.
  • the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102, the transformer 104, and the rectifier circuit 108 function as DC / DC converters, so that the DC voltage input to the input unit 140 is converted into a DC voltage suitable for charging the low-voltage battery 134. Will be done.
  • the converted DC voltage is supplied from the second output unit 144 to the low-voltage battery 134. As a result, electric power is supplied as shown by the thick arrow in FIG. 13, and the high-voltage battery 126 and the low-voltage battery 134 are charged.
  • the appropriate charging power of the high-pressure battery 126 and the DC voltage suitable for charging the low-voltage battery 134 are control signals in which the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 have a phase difference Tp. It is controlled by (control signals of switching elements Q1 to Q8 shown in FIG. 4), and is generated by adjusting the pulse width T0 and the phase difference Tp.
  • FIG. 14 shows a state in which the vehicle 200 is not connected to the electric power system, such as when the vehicle 200 is running.
  • the high-voltage battery 126 power is supplied to the low-voltage battery 134 via the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106, the transformer 104, and the rectifier circuit 108, as shown by the thick arrow in FIG.
  • the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 may be stopped and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 may be driven in a state where the vehicle 200 is not connected to the power system.
  • the stop means a state in which the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 does not operate as an electric circuit.
  • all of the switching elements Q1 to Q4 constituting the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 may be turned off.
  • the voltage of the capacitor 124 on the power system side rises to a predetermined value (for example, a value equal to the voltage of the high voltage battery 126), but after that, no current flows through the power system.
  • the power transmission from the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 to the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 is eliminated.
  • the discharge of the high-voltage battery 126 supplies power to the low-voltage battery 134 via the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106, the transformer 104, and the rectifier circuit 108, as shown by the thick arrow in FIG. ..
  • FIG. 15 shows a state in which the vehicle 200 is connected to the power system and the high voltage battery 126 is discharged.
  • the operation of the power conversion device 100 at this time is referred to as a vehicle discharge operation.
  • the above-mentioned vehicle charging operation and the vehicle discharging operation described here are collectively referred to as a vehicle charging / discharging operation.
  • the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102, the transformer 104, and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 are symmetrically configured, and the first DC / AC conversion circuit (first conversion circuit) 102 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit (second conversion) are configured.
  • the role of the circuit) 106 can be exchanged and operated.
  • the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 is used as the first conversion circuit
  • the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 is used as the second conversion circuit.
  • Power can be supplied to the power supply 120 side.
  • the control unit 110 sets the phase difference Tp to negative (Tp ⁇ 0) and controls the switching elements Q1 to Q8 constituting the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106. good.
  • the electric power supplied to the electric power system side by discharging the high-voltage battery 126 may be sold to an electric power company or may be supplied to a load 148 of an electric product or the like as shown in FIG.
  • the DC voltage suitable for the input voltage (voltage across the capacitor 124) from the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 to the PFC circuit 122 and the DC voltage suitable for charging the low-voltage battery 134 are the same as described above. Will be generated. That is, the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 are controlled by control signals having a phase difference Tp (Tp ⁇ 0) (control signals of switching elements Q1 to Q8 shown in FIG. 4). It is generated by adjusting the pulse width T0 and the phase difference Tp.
  • a pulse is generated so that an appropriate charging power of the high-voltage battery 126 and a DC voltage suitable for charging the low-voltage battery 134 are generated with respect to the input voltage E1 of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102. If the width T0 and the phase difference Tp are adjusted, these values can be used for the discharge operation of the vehicle.
  • the second Appropriate power can be supplied from the 1DC / AC conversion circuit 102 to the power system side or the load 148, and a DC voltage suitable for charging the low-voltage battery 134 can be supplied.
  • the output power of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 becomes a desired power with respect to the input voltage E2 of the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106, and a DC voltage suitable for charging the low voltage battery 134.
  • the pulse width T0 and the phase difference Tp may be adjusted so that In the charging operation of the vehicle, a pulse width having the same pulse width as the adjusted pulse width T0 and a phase difference having the same absolute value as the adjusted phase difference Tp and the opposite sign can be used. It is not necessary to use the same pulse width T0 and the same phase difference Tp (the symbols are opposite) in the vehicle charging operation and the vehicle discharging operation. That is, the pulse width T0 and the phase difference Tp may be adjusted independently in each of the vehicle charging operation and the vehicle discharging operation.
  • the PFC circuit 122 is bidirectional.
  • bidirectional operation is possible by using an active element such as a FET in the device constituting the PFC circuit 122.
  • the ratio of the number of turns of the first coil 152, the number of turns of the second coil 154, and the number of turns between the center tap of the third coil 156 and the terminal is n: n: 1 (although the case where n is a positive real number) has been described, the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the ratio of the number of turns of the first coil 152, the number of turns of the second coil 154, and the number of turns of the third coil 156 between the center tap and the terminal is n1: n2: 1 (n1 and n2 are n1 ⁇ It may be a positive real number (n2).
  • the circuits of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102, the transformer 104, and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 can be considered as the equivalent circuits shown in FIG.
  • the circuit of FIG. 18 can be considered as the equivalent circuit of FIG. Therefore, in the above equation, L2 and E2 may be replaced with (n1 / n2) 2 ⁇ L2 and (n1 / n2) ⁇ E2, respectively. Thereby, the formulas 12 and 13 can be obtained from the formulas 6 and 11.
  • the power P transmitted between the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 depends on the pulse width T0 and the phase difference Tp, and the output voltage V out of the rectifier circuit 108. Is found to depend on the pulse width T0. Therefore, by adjusting the pulse width T0 and the phase difference Tp using the equations 12 and 13 , each of the power P and the output voltage V out can be independently set to desired values. If necessary, it is preferable to measure the voltage and power of each circuit block and perform feedback control as described above.
  • each of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 is a full bridge circuit
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • Each of the first DC / AC conversion circuit 102 and the second DC / AC conversion circuit 106 may be, for example, a half-bridge circuit.
  • the third coil 156 may be a coil having no tap between both ends of the coil.
  • the switching elements Q1 to Q8 are 50%, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the switching elements (switching elements Q1 and Q2, etc.) connected in series may not be turned on at the same time, and the duty may be a value other than 50% (for example, 48%).
  • each switching element constituting the power conversion device 100 is an N-type FET has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a P-type FET may be used to form a full bridge circuit and a rectifier circuit that form a power conversion device.
  • Power conversion device 102 1st DC / AC conversion circuit (1st conversion circuit) 104, 170 Transformer 106 2nd DC / AC conversion circuit (2nd conversion circuit) 108 Rectifier circuit 110 Control unit 120 AC power supply 122 PFC circuit 124, C1 Capacitor 126 High-voltage battery 128 Booster circuit 130 Inverter circuit 132 Motor 134 Low-voltage battery 136 Auxiliary system load 140 Input unit 142 1st output unit 144 2nd output unit 148 Load 150 Core 152 1st coil 154 2nd coil 156 3rd coil 160 CPU 162 memory 164 I / F unit 172 and 174 supply 200 vehicle 300,302,304,306,308,310,312 step i inductor current i3 choke current E1, E2, V1, V2, V3, V L1, V L2, V out voltage L1 1st inductor L2 2nd inductor L3 choke coil N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6 node n, n1, n2 positive real

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
PCT/JP2020/007144 2020-02-21 2020-02-21 電力変換装置、それを含む車両及び制御方法 Ceased WO2021166233A1 (ja)

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JP2021516703A JP6996661B1 (ja) 2020-02-21 2020-08-05 電力変換装置、それを含む車両及び制御方法
PCT/JP2020/030032 WO2021166284A1 (ja) 2020-02-21 2020-08-05 電力変換装置、それを含む車両及び制御方法

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WO2026022973A1 (ja) * 2024-07-24 2026-01-29 日産自動車株式会社 電力変換装置の制御方法および電力変換装置

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