WO2021165780A1 - 半導体装置、蓄電装置、電池制御回路、電子部品、車両、および電子機器 - Google Patents
半導体装置、蓄電装置、電池制御回路、電子部品、車両、および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021165780A1 WO2021165780A1 PCT/IB2021/050981 IB2021050981W WO2021165780A1 WO 2021165780 A1 WO2021165780 A1 WO 2021165780A1 IB 2021050981 W IB2021050981 W IB 2021050981W WO 2021165780 A1 WO2021165780 A1 WO 2021165780A1
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- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- transistor
- oxide
- insulator
- semiconductor
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
- H01L27/08—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind
- H01L27/085—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind including field-effect components only
- H01L27/088—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind including field-effect components only the components being field-effect transistors with insulated gate
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- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
- H01L21/82—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
- H01L21/822—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology
- H01L21/8232—Field-effect technology
- H01L21/8234—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type
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- H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
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- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
- H01L27/1214—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs
- H01L27/1222—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer
- H01L27/1225—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer with semiconductor materials not belonging to the group IV of the periodic table, e.g. InGaZnO
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78645—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with multiple gate
- H01L29/78648—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with multiple gate arranged on opposing sides of the channel
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/7869—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78696—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film characterised by the structure of the channel, e.g. multichannel, transverse or longitudinal shape, length or width, doping structure, or the overlap or alignment between the channel and the gate, the source or the drain, or the contacting structure of the channel
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
- H10B12/30—DRAM devices comprising one-transistor - one-capacitor [1T-1C] memory cells
- H10B12/31—DRAM devices comprising one-transistor - one-capacitor [1T-1C] memory cells having a storage electrode stacked over the transistor
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
- H10B12/30—DRAM devices comprising one-transistor - one-capacitor [1T-1C] memory cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method of operating the semiconductor device. Further, one aspect of the present invention relates to a battery control circuit, a battery protection circuit, a power storage device, an electronic device, and an electric device.
- one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical fields.
- the technical field of the invention disclosed in the present specification and the like relates to a product, a method, or a manufacturing method.
- one aspect of the invention relates to a process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter. Therefore, more specifically, the technical fields of one aspect of the present invention disclosed in the present specification include display devices, light emitting devices, power storage devices, imaging devices, storage devices, their driving methods, or methods for manufacturing them. Can be given as an example.
- Power storage devices also called batteries or secondary batteries
- batteries are being used in a wide range of fields, from small electronic devices to automobiles.
- applications using multi-cell battery stacks in which multiple battery cells are connected in series are increasing.
- the power storage device is equipped with a circuit for grasping abnormalities during charging / discharging such as over-discharging, over-charging, over-current, or short circuit.
- a circuit for grasping abnormalities during charging / discharging such as over-discharging, over-charging, over-current, or short circuit.
- data such as voltage and current are acquired in order to detect an abnormality during charging and discharging.
- control such as charge / discharge stop and cell balancing is performed based on the observed data.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a protection IC that functions as a battery protection circuit.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a protection IC in which a plurality of comparators are provided internally and a reference voltage is compared with the voltage of a terminal to which a battery is connected to detect an abnormality during charging / discharging. ..
- Patent Document 2 discloses a battery state detecting device for detecting a minute short circuit of a secondary battery and a battery pack incorporating the device.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a protective semiconductor device that protects an assembled battery in which cells of a secondary battery are connected in series.
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a new battery control circuit, battery protection circuit, power storage device, semiconductor device, vehicle, electronic device, and the like.
- one aspect of the present invention is to provide a battery control circuit, a battery protection circuit, a power storage device, a semiconductor device, a vehicle, an electronic device, or the like having low power consumption.
- one aspect of the present invention is to provide a battery control circuit, a battery protection circuit, a power storage device, a semiconductor device, a vehicle, an electronic device, or the like having a high degree of integration.
- the problem of one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the problems listed above.
- the issues listed above do not preclude the existence of other issues.
- Other issues are issues not mentioned in this item, which are described below. Issues not mentioned in this item can be derived from descriptions in the description, drawings, etc. by those skilled in the art, and can be appropriately extracted from these descriptions.
- one aspect of the present invention solves at least one of the above-listed problems and / or other problems.
- One aspect of the present invention is a first conductor having a first conductor and a first semiconductor on the first conductor, a first insulator on the first conductor, and a first insulator.
- the first conductor has a second conductor provided in the opening, a second conductor on the first insulator, and a third conductor on the second transistor.
- the third conductor is electrically connected to the bump or wire bonding.
- the third conductor is preferably an electrode pad in contact with bumps or wire bonding.
- the above configuration has a fourth conductor on the first semiconductor, and the fourth conductor has a function as one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the second transistor, and the fourth conductor. And the second conductor are preferably electrically connected.
- the second transistor has a metal oxide and the metal oxide has indium.
- the second transistor has a metal oxide
- the metal oxide has indium, zinc and the element M
- the element M is aluminum, gallium, ittrium, tin, boron, titanium and iron.
- the first semiconductor has one or more materials selected from silicon, silicon carbide, germanium, silicon germanium, gallium arsenic, gallium aluminum arsenide, indium phosphide, zinc selenide, gallium nitride, and gallium oxide. Is preferable.
- the third transistor has a third transistor on the first conductor, the third transistor has a third semiconductor, and the third semiconductor has silicon, silicon, which the first semiconductor has. It has the same material as one or more materials selected from carbide, germanium, silicon germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium aluminum arsenide, indium phosphate, zinc selenium, gallium nitride, gallium oxide, and the first conductor is the first. It is preferable to function as a source or drain of the transistor of 3.
- one aspect of the present invention includes the semiconductor device according to any one of the above and a secondary battery, and the negative electrode of the secondary battery and the third conductor are electrically connected to each other. Is preferable.
- one aspect of the present invention includes a first layer, a second layer, a first insulator arranged between the first layer and the second layer, a first conductor, and the like.
- the first conductor is provided in the first opening of the first insulator, the first layer has the first transistor, and the first transistor is the first transistor.
- It has a semiconductor, and the first semiconductor is one or more selected from silicon, silicon carbide, germanium, silicon germanium, gallium arsenic, gallium aluminum arsenic, indium phosphate, zinc selenium, gallium nitride, and gallium oxide.
- the second layer has a comparator and a logic circuit, the logic circuit or the comparator has a second transistor, and the first transistor has electricity with the second transistor via the first conductor.
- the comparator has a function of giving a signal corresponding to the positive voltage of the secondary battery to the logic circuit, and the logic circuit has a function of giving a signal corresponding to the output from the comparator to the gate of the first transistor. It is a battery control circuit that has.
- the first transistor and the second transistor overlap each other.
- the second transistor has a metal oxide and the metal oxide has indium.
- the second transistor has a second semiconductor
- the second semiconductor has a metal oxide
- the metal oxide has indium, zinc and element M
- the element M is , Aluminum, gallium, ittrium, tin, boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium.
- the first conductor is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the secondary battery.
- one aspect of the present invention comprises a first chip having the battery control circuit according to any one of the above, a second chip having an integrated circuit, a printed circuit board, and a first chip and a printed circuit board.
- the integrated circuit has a function of giving at least one of a control signal and a power source to the battery control circuit of the first chip, and the first chip and the second chip are printed, respectively.
- the first chip is arranged on the substrate and has a first surface on which the first conductor is exposed, and the first surface and the printed circuit board are arranged so that they face each other via bumps. It is a part.
- one aspect of the present invention is a vehicle having the above-mentioned electronic components and an electric motor.
- one aspect of the present invention includes the above-mentioned electronic component and a display unit, the electronic component has a third chip arranged on a printed circuit board, and the third chip is wireless communication. It is an electronic device having a function of sending and receiving signals by.
- a new battery control circuit, battery protection circuit, power storage device, semiconductor device, vehicle, electronic device, and the like it is possible to provide a battery control circuit, a battery protection circuit, a power storage device, a semiconductor device, a vehicle, an electronic device and the like having low power consumption. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly integrated battery control circuit, battery protection circuit, power storage device, semiconductor device, vehicle, electronic device and the like.
- the effect of one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the effects listed above.
- the effects listed above do not preclude the existence of other effects.
- the other effects are the effects not mentioned in this item, which are described below. Effects not mentioned in this item can be derived from those described in the description, drawings, etc. by those skilled in the art, and can be appropriately extracted from these descriptions.
- one aspect of the present invention has at least one of the above-listed effects and / or other effects. Therefore, one aspect of the present invention may not have the effects listed above in some cases.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a circuit diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 2B is a circuit diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A is a circuit diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a circuit diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a circuit diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 6B is a circuit diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 6C is a circuit diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a circuit diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 6B is a circuit diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 6C is a circuit diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the transistor.
- FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the transistor.
- FIG. 10C is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the transistor.
- FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the transistor.
- FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the transistor.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the transistor.
- FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the transistor.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an electronic component having a semiconductor device according to one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an electronic component having a semiconductor device according to one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 16A is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 16B is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an electronic component having a semiconductor device according to one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of an electronic component.
- FIG. 20A is a diagram illustrating a secondary battery according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 20B is a diagram illustrating a secondary battery according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 20C is a diagram illustrating a power storage device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 20D is a diagram illustrating a power storage device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 21A is a diagram illustrating a secondary battery pack according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 21B is a diagram illustrating a secondary battery pack according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 21A is a diagram illustrating a secondary battery pack according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 21B is a diagram illustrating a secondary battery pack according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 21C is a diagram illustrating a secondary battery pack according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 22A is a diagram illustrating a vehicle according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 22B is a diagram illustrating a vehicle according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 22C is a diagram illustrating a vehicle according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 23A is a diagram illustrating a power storage device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 23B is a diagram illustrating a power storage device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 24A is a diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 24B is a diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 24C is a diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 26A is a diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 26B is a diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 26C is a diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 26D is a diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 26E is a diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- 27A, 27B, and 27C are examples of the system of one aspect of the present invention.
- 28A and 28B are examples of the system of one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is an example of an electronic device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- 30A, 30B, and 30C are diagrams illustrating an example of a secondary battery.
- 31A, 31B, 31C, and 31D are perspective views showing electronic devices.
- 32A and 32B are diagrams illustrating a power storage device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- the ordinal numbers “1st”, “2nd”, and “3rd” are added to avoid confusion of the components. Therefore, the number of components is not limited. Moreover, the order of the components is not limited. Further, for example, the component referred to in “first” in one of the embodiments of the present specification and the like is defined as another embodiment or the component referred to in “second” in the scope of claims. It is possible. Further, for example, the component mentioned in “first” in one of the embodiments of the present specification and the like may be omitted in another embodiment or in the claims.
- the position, size, range, etc. of each configuration shown in the drawings, etc. may not represent the actual position, size, range, etc. in order to facilitate understanding of the invention. Therefore, the disclosed invention is not necessarily limited to the position, size, range, etc. disclosed in the drawings and the like.
- the resist mask or the like may be unintentionally reduced due to processing such as etching, but it may not be reflected in the figure for easy understanding.
- top view also referred to as “plan view”
- perspective view the description of some components may be omitted in order to make the drawing easier to understand.
- electrode and “wiring” do not functionally limit these components.
- an “electrode” may be used as part of a “wiring” and vice versa.
- the terms “electrode” and “wiring” include the case where a plurality of “electrodes” and “wiring” are integrally formed.
- terminal may refer to, for example, wiring or an electrode connected to the wiring. Further, in the present specification and the like, a part of “wiring” may be referred to as “terminal”.
- the terms “upper” and “lower” in the present specification and the like do not limit the positional relationship of the components to be directly above or directly below and to be in direct contact with each other.
- electrode B on the insulating layer A it is not necessary that the electrode B is formed in direct contact with the insulating layer A, and another configuration is formed between the insulating layer A and the electrode B. Do not exclude those that contain elements.
- source and drain functions are interchanged depending on operating conditions, such as when transistors with different polarities are used or when the direction of current changes during circuit operation, so which one is the source or drain is limited. Is difficult. Therefore, in the present specification, the terms source and drain can be used interchangeably.
- electrically connected includes a case of being directly connected and a case of being connected via "something having some electrical action".
- the "thing having some kind of electrical action” is not particularly limited as long as it enables the exchange of electric signals between the connection targets. Therefore, even when it is expressed as “electrically connected", in an actual circuit, there is a case where there is no physical connection part and only the wiring is extended.
- parallel means, for example, a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of -10 ° or more and 10 ° or less. Therefore, the case of ⁇ 5 ° or more and 5 ° or less is also included.
- vertical and orthogonal mean, for example, a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less. Therefore, the case of 85 ° or more and 95 ° or less is also included.
- the resist mask when the etching process is performed after forming the resist mask, the resist mask shall be removed after the etching process is completed unless otherwise specified.
- the voltage often indicates the potential difference between a certain potential and a reference potential (for example, ground potential or source potential). Therefore, it is often possible to paraphrase voltage and potential.
- semiconductor Even when the term "semiconductor” is used, for example, if the conductivity is sufficiently low, it has the characteristics of an "insulator”. Therefore, it is also possible to replace “semiconductor” with “insulator”. In this case, the boundary between “semiconductor” and “insulator” is ambiguous, and it is difficult to make a strict distinction between the two. Therefore, the "semiconductor” and “insulator” described herein may be interchangeable.
- the "on state” of the transistor means a state in which the source and drain of the transistor can be regarded as being electrically short-circuited (also referred to as “conduction state”).
- the “off state” of the transistor means a state in which the source and drain of the transistor can be regarded as being electrically cut off (also referred to as “non-conducting state”).
- the "on current” may mean a current flowing between the source and the drain when the transistor is in the on state.
- the “off current” may mean a current flowing between the source and the drain when the transistor is in the off state.
- the high power supply potential VDD (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “VDD” or “H potential”) indicates a power supply potential having a potential higher than that of the low power supply potential VSS.
- the low power supply potential VSS (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “VSS” or “L potential”) indicates a power supply potential having a potential lower than that of the high power supply potential VDD.
- the ground potential can also be used as VDD or VSS. For example, when VDD is the ground potential, VSS is a potential lower than the ground potential, and when VSS is the ground potential, VDD is a potential higher than the ground potential.
- the gate means a part or all of the gate electrode and the gate wiring.
- the gate wiring refers to wiring for electrically connecting the gate electrode of at least one transistor with another electrode or another wiring.
- the source means a part or all of a source area, a source electrode, and a source wiring.
- the source region refers to a region of the semiconductor layer having a resistivity of a certain value or less.
- the source electrode refers to a conductive layer in a portion connected to the source region.
- the source wiring is a wiring for electrically connecting the source electrode of at least one transistor to another electrode or another wiring.
- the drain means a part or all of the drain region, the drain electrode, and the drain wiring.
- the drain region refers to a region of the semiconductor layer having a resistivity of a certain value or less.
- the drain electrode refers to a conductive layer at a portion connected to the drain region.
- Drain wiring refers to wiring for electrically connecting the drain electrode of at least one transistor to another electrode or another wiring.
- the battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention or the power storage device provided with the battery control circuit may be referred to as "BTOS".
- BTOS may be able to construct a system with low power consumption.
- BTOS may be able to construct a system by a simple circuit.
- the battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention has a function of controlling the battery. For example, it has a function of switching modes. For example, it has a function of changing the charging or discharging conditions of the battery. Examples of the mode include a constant current mode, a constant voltage mode, and the like. The conditions include, for example, current density, upper limit voltage, lower limit voltage, and the like. Moreover, it is preferable that the battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention has a function of protecting the battery. For example, it has a function of stopping charging or discharging of a battery. For example, it has a function of discharging the battery when overcharge is detected.
- the battery has a function of detecting an abnormality in the battery, stopping the operation of the battery, or changing the condition of the battery. Stopping the operation of the battery includes, for example, stopping charging or stopping discharging. Examples of the battery abnormality include overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent during charging, overcurrent during discharge, short circuit, micro short circuit described later, deviation of the operating temperature from a predetermined range, and the like. Further, the battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention may be referred to as a battery protection circuit.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the power storage device 100.
- the power storage device 100 shown in FIG. 1 has a battery control circuit 101 and an assembled battery 120. It is preferable that the battery control circuit 101 is equipped with a circuit using a transistor having an oxide semiconductor in the channel forming region (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor).
- an OS transistor a transistor having an oxide semiconductor in the channel forming region
- the battery control circuit 101 has a circuit 101a and a circuit 101b.
- the circuit 101a includes a cell balance circuit 130, a detection circuit 185, a detection circuit 186, a detection circuit MSD, a detection circuit SD, a temperature sensor TS, and a logic circuit 182.
- the circuit 101b has a transistor 140 and a transistor 150.
- the transistor 140 and the transistor 150 various transistors described in the present specification and the like, for example, the transistors shown in the embodiments described later can be used. As shown in FIG. 1, it is preferable that the transistor 140 and the transistor 150 each have a parasitic diode.
- An OS transistor can be used as a transistor included in the cell balance circuit 130, the detection circuit 185, the detection circuit 186, the detection circuit MSD, the detection circuit SD, the temperature sensor TS, and the logic circuit 182 included in the circuit 101a.
- the transistor 140 and the transistor 150 of the circuit 101b consider an example of using a transistor having single crystal silicon in the channel formation region.
- a transistor 140 and a transistor 150 can be formed on a silicon substrate, and an OS transistor can be formed on the transistor 140 by using a film forming process, and the circuit 101a and the circuit 101b can be formed on the same substrate. Can be formed. Thereby, for example, the cost can be reduced.
- the circuit can be integrated and the circuit area can be reduced. Further, by providing the circuit 101a and the circuit 101b by stacking them on the same substrate, it is possible to reduce the resistance of wiring. A large current may flow through the transistor 140 and the transistor 150, and it is preferable to reduce the wiring resistance.
- the assembled battery 120 has a plurality of battery cells 121.
- FIG. 1 shows an example having n battery cells 121.
- the kth battery cell (k is an integer of 1 or more and n or less) may be represented as a battery cell 121 (k).
- a plurality of battery cells included in the assembled battery 120 are electrically connected in series.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which the assembled batteries 120 have a plurality of battery cells 121 connected in series, the assembled batteries 120 may have only one battery.
- the assembled battery 120 may have a plurality of batteries, and a plurality of the plurality of batteries may be connected in parallel.
- the battery cell for example, the secondary battery shown in the embodiment described later can be used.
- a secondary battery having a wound battery element can be used.
- the battery cell preferably has an exterior body.
- a cylindrical exterior body, a square exterior body, or the like can be used.
- a metal plate covered with an insulator, a metal film sandwiched between the insulators, or the like can be used.
- the battery cell has, for example, a pair of positive and negative electrodes.
- the battery cell may have a terminal electrically connected to the positive electrode and a terminal electrically connected to the negative electrode.
- the battery cell may have a partial configuration of the battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention.
- the cell balance circuit 130 has a function of controlling the charging of individual battery cells 121 of the assembled battery 120.
- the detection circuit 185 has a function of detecting overcharging and overdischarging of the assembled battery 120.
- the detection circuit 186 has a function of detecting the discharge overcurrent and the charge overcurrent of the assembled battery 120.
- the detection circuit MSD has a function of detecting a micro short circuit.
- a micro short circuit refers to a minute short circuit inside the secondary battery, and it does not mean that the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery are short-circuited and cannot be charged or discharged. It refers to a phenomenon in which a short-circuit current flows for a short period of time.
- the cause of the micro short circuit is that metal elements such as lithium or cobalt are deposited inside the battery due to multiple charging and discharging, and the precipitate grows locally in a part of the positive electrode and a part of the negative electrode. It is presumed that there is a concentration of current that causes a part of the separator to stop functioning, or a side reaction product is generated.
- the detection circuit SD detects, for example, a short circuit in a circuit operated by using the assembled battery 120. Further, the detection circuit SD detects, for example, the charge current and the discharge current of the assembled battery 120.
- the battery control circuit 101 is electrically connected to the terminals VC1 to VCN electrically connected to the positive electrodes of the n battery cells 121 of the assembled battery 120 and to the negative electrode of the Nth battery cell 121. It has a terminal VSSS.
- the battery control circuit 101 has a terminal group AH.
- the terminal group AH has one terminal or a plurality of terminals.
- the terminal group AH preferably has a function of giving a signal to the logic circuit 182 and a function of giving a signal from the logic circuit 182 to a circuit provided outside the battery control circuit 101.
- the logic circuit 182 has a function of controlling the transistor 140 and the transistor 150 according to the output signals from the detection circuit 185, the detection circuit 186, the detection circuit SD, the detection circuit MSD, and the temperature sensor TS. Further, the logic circuit 182 may give a signal to a charging circuit provided outside or inside the battery control circuit 101. In this case, for example, the charging of the secondary battery is controlled according to the signal given from the logic circuit 182 to the charging circuit.
- the charging circuit has, for example, a function of controlling the charging conditions of the battery.
- a signal for controlling the charging conditions of the battery is transmitted to another circuit, for example, a cell balance circuit, an overcharge detection circuit, a transistor 140, a transistor 150, a transistor 140, and a circuit for controlling the transistor 150, which is included in one aspect of the present invention.
- a cell balance circuit for example, a cell balance circuit, an overcharge detection circuit, a transistor 140, a transistor 150, a transistor 140, and a circuit for controlling the transistor 150, which is included in one aspect of the present invention.
- the transistor 140 and the transistor 150 have a function of controlling charging or discharging of the assembled battery 120.
- the transistor 140 is controlled in a conductive state or a non-conducting state by a control signal T1 given by a logic circuit 182, and whether or not to charge the assembled battery 120 is controlled.
- the transistor 150 is controlled in a conductive state or a non-conducting state by the control signal T2 given by the logic circuit 182, and whether or not the assembled battery 120 is discharged is controlled.
- one of the source and drain of the transistor 140 is electrically connected to the terminal VSSS.
- the other of the source and drain of the transistor 140 is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the transistor 150.
- the other of the source and drain of the transistor 150 is electrically connected to the terminal VM.
- the terminal VM is, for example, electrically connected to the negative pole of the charger. Further, the terminal VM is electrically connected to, for example, a load at the time of discharging.
- the battery control circuit 101 may have a function of observing the voltage value (monitor voltage) of each terminal of the battery cell 121 of the assembled battery 120 and the current value (monitoring current) flowing through the assembled battery. For example, the on-current of the transistor 140 or the transistor 150 may be observed as a monitor current. Alternatively, a resistance element may be provided in series with the transistor 140 or the like, and the current value of the resistance element may be observed.
- the temperature sensor TS may have a function of measuring the temperature of the battery cell 121 and controlling charging and discharging of the battery cell based on the measured temperature. For example, at low temperatures, the resistance of the secondary battery may increase, which may reduce the charge current density and discharge current density. Further, at a high temperature, the resistance of the secondary battery may decrease, so that the discharge current density may increase. Further, when there is a concern about deterioration of the characteristics of the secondary battery by increasing the charging current at a high temperature, for example, the charging current may be controlled so that the deterioration is suppressed. Data such as charging conditions and discharging conditions are preferably stored in a storage circuit or the like included in the battery control circuit 101 of one aspect of the present invention. In addition, the temperature of the battery control circuit 101 or the assembled battery 120 may rise due to charging. In such a case, it is preferable to control the charging according to the measured temperature. For example, the charging current may be suppressed as the temperature rises.
- the storage element As the storage element, the configuration of the storage element 114 shown in FIG. 2A can be used.
- the storage element 114 shown in FIG. 2A has a capacitive element 161 and a transistor 162.
- the transistor 162 It is preferable to use an OS transistor as the transistor 162.
- the off current the leakage current flowing between the source and the drain at the time of off is extremely low by using the storage element 114 having the OS transistor.
- the voltage of the above can be held in the storage element.
- FIG. 2B is different from FIG. 2A in that the transistor 162 included in the storage element 114 has a second gate.
- the second gate may be called a back gate or a bottom gate.
- the second gate of the OS transistor will be described in detail in a later embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a cell balance circuit 130a and a detection circuit 185a corresponding to one battery cell 121.
- the cell balance circuit 130 shown in FIG. 1 has a plurality of cell balance circuits 130a, and each cell balance circuit 130a is connected to one battery cell.
- a cell balance circuit 130a and a transistor 132 are provided for each battery cell 121, respectively, and the transistors 132 are directly connected to be connected in series.
- the detection circuit 185a shown in FIG. 3 has a circuit 185c and a circuit 185d.
- the detection circuit 185 has a function of detecting overcharge
- the detection circuit 186 has a function of detecting overdischarge.
- the detection circuit 185 shown in FIG. 1 has a plurality of detection circuits 185a, and each detection circuit 185a is connected to one battery cell.
- one detection circuit 185a may be provided for a configuration in which a plurality of battery cells 121 are connected in series.
- the transistor 132 and the resistance element 131 are connected in series, and one of the source and drain of the transistor 132 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery cell 121 and the other is electrically connected to one electrode of the resistance element.
- the other electrode of the resistance element is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the secondary battery.
- one of the source and drain of the transistor 132 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery cell 121, the other is electrically connected to one electrode of the resistance element 131, and the other electrode of the resistance element 131 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery cell 121. May be done.
- the cell balance circuit 130a, the circuit 185c, and the circuit 185d each have a comparator 113 and a storage element 114, respectively.
- the storage element 114 includes a capacitive element 161 and a transistor 162.
- the storage element 114 is electrically connected to one of the non-inverting input terminal or the inverting input terminal of each of the comparators 113 included in the cell balance circuit 130a, the circuit 185c, and the circuit 185d.
- a common terminal here a terminal VT, is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the transistor 162 of each storage element 114.
- terminals (terminal SH6 in the cell balance circuit 130a, terminal SH1 in the circuit 185c, and terminal SH2 in the circuit 185d) are electrically connected to the gate of the transistor 162 of each storage element 114. Will be done.
- the cell balance circuit 130a is electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell 121.
- the positive electrode of the battery cell 121 is electrically connected to the terminal VC1, and the negative electrode is electrically connected to the terminal VC2.
- the inverting input terminal of the comparator 113 is electrically connected to the other of the source and drain of the transistor 162 included in the storage element 114. Further, in the cell balance circuit 130a, it is preferable that the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 113 is electrically connected to the terminal VC1.
- FIG. 1 As shown in FIG.
- a voltage obtained by dividing the resistance between the terminal VC1 and the terminal VC2 may be applied to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 113.
- the node connected to the other of the source and drain of the transistor 162 included in the storage element 114 is referred to as a node N6.
- the detection circuit 185a is electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell 121.
- the inverting input terminal of the comparator is electrically connected to the other of the source and drain of the transistor 162.
- the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 113 is electrically connected to the terminal VC1.
- a voltage obtained by dividing the resistance between the terminal VC1 and the terminal VC2 may be applied to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 113.
- the node connected to the other of the source and drain of the transistor 162 is referred to as a node N1.
- the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator is electrically connected to the other of the source and drain of the transistor 162. Further, in the circuit 185d, it is preferable that the inverting input terminal of the comparator 113 is electrically connected to the terminal VC1. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3, a voltage obtained by dividing the resistance between the terminal VC1 and the terminal VC2 may be applied to the inverting input terminal of the comparator 113. In the circuit 185d, the node connected to the other of the source and drain of the transistor 162 is referred to as a node N2.
- the transistor 162 is turned off at the node (here, node N6, node N1 and node N2) to which the other electrode of the capacitance element 161 of each circuit is connected. The potential is retained.
- the terminal VT sequentially gives an analog signal to the cell balance circuit 130, the circuit 185c, and the circuit 185d.
- Analog signals are sequentially given and held to node N6, node N1 and node N2.
- the potential of the first node is maintained by turning off the transistor 162 connected to the node.
- the potential of the second node is applied and held, and then the potential of the third node is applied and held.
- the on / off control of the transistor 162 is controlled by the signals given to the terminals SH1, the terminal SH2, and the terminal SH6.
- the cell balance circuit 130 and the detection circuit 185 shown in FIG. 3 for one of the battery cells 121 of the assembled battery 120, the voltage difference between the two ends of each of the plurality of battery cells 121 is individually provided. (Difference in voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode) can be controlled. Further, the cell balance circuit 130 can make the storage element 114 hold a preferable value as the first upper limit voltage of the positive electrode for each battery cell 121.
- the cell balance circuit 130 controls whether the transistor 132 is turned on or off depending on the relationship between the voltage of the positive electrode of the battery cell 121 and the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 113. I do. By controlling the transistor 132, the ratio of the amount of current flowing through the resistance element 131 and the amount of current flowing through the battery cell 121 can be adjusted. For example, when stopping the charging of the battery cell 121, a current is passed through the resistance element 131 to limit the current flowing through the battery cell 121.
- a plurality of battery cells 121 are electrically connected in series between the terminal VC1 and the terminal VSSS.
- a plurality of battery cells 121 are charged by passing a current between the terminal VC1 and the terminal VSSS.
- the positive electrode reaches a predetermined voltage in one of the plurality of battery cells 121 and the current is limited.
- the positive electrode is not interrupted by the current path between the terminal VC1 and the terminal VSSS. It is possible to continue charging the other battery cells 121 that have not reached the predetermined voltage. That is, in the battery cell 121 that has been charged, charging is stopped by turning on the transistor 132, and in the battery cell 121 that has not been charged, the transistor 132 is turned off and charging is continued.
- charging of a battery cell 121 having a low resistance may be completed first, and charging of a battery cell 121 having a higher resistance than that of the battery cell 121 may be insufficient.
- insufficient charging means, for example, that the voltage difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is lower than the desired voltage.
- the charging capacity, etc. can be controlled.
- the n cell balance circuits 130 it is possible to reduce the variation in the state after charging of the plurality of battery cells 121, for example, when fully charged. Therefore, the capacity of the assembled battery 120 as a whole may increase. Further, by increasing the capacity, the number of charge / discharge cycles of the battery cell 121 may be reduced, so that the durability of the assembled battery 120 may be increased.
- the circuit 185c can cause the storage element 114 to hold the second upper limit voltage of the positive electrode in charging the battery cell 121 for each battery cell 121.
- the second upper limit voltage may be referred to as an overcharge voltage.
- the circuit 185d can make the storage element 114 hold the lower limit voltage of the positive electrode in the discharge.
- the lower limit voltage may be referred to as an over-discharge voltage.
- the comparator constituting the detection circuit 185 may be a hysteresis comparator having a different threshold value depending on whether the output changes from the L level to the H level or from the H level to the L level.
- the storage element connected to the reference potential input portion of the hysteresis comparator preferably has a function of holding two threshold values.
- the detection circuit 185 overcharging and overdischarging of one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells are detected without using a circuit provided outside the battery control circuit 101, for example, an arithmetic circuit such as MPU or MCU, and the battery is used.
- the cell can be protected.
- the control circuit of one aspect of the present invention cuts off the discharge current and prevents the voltage drop. If the discharge current is not sufficiently cut off, a leak current may occur and the voltage may drop. Leakage current may be suppressed by the circuit configuration using power gating. Further, the leakage current may be suppressed by the circuit configuration using the OS transistor.
- the upper limit voltage is controlled in each of the cell balance circuit connected to the battery cell and the circuit for detecting overcharge.
- the upper limit voltage detected by the cell balance circuit is lower than, for example, the upper limit voltage detected by the circuit that detects overcharge. Therefore, in the process of charging, the cell balance circuit detects the arrival of the upper limit voltage of the battery cell in the first step, and changes the charging conditions. Here, for example, the charging current density is lowered. Alternatively, the discharge may be started. After that, when it is detected that the upper limit voltage detected by the circuit for detecting overcharge is reached as the charging voltage of the battery cell rises, the charging condition of the battery cell is changed by the second step. Here, for example, charging is stopped and discharging is started.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the logic circuit 182.
- the logic circuit 182 shown in FIG. 4 includes an interface circuit IF, a counter circuit CND, a latch circuit LTC, and a transistor 172. It is preferable to use an OS transistor as the transistor 172.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 4 may be composed of only the OS transistor included in the battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention, or only a part of the configuration shown in FIG. 4 may be composed of the battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention. It may be composed of the OS transistor which is possessed by.
- the other part is composed of, for example, a transistor having single crystal silicon.
- the interface circuit IF is given a signal from the output terminal OUT11 and the output terminal OUT12 of the detection circuit 185, a signal from the output terminal OUT31 and the output terminal OUT32 of the detection circuit 186, and a signal from the output terminal OUT41 of the detection circuit SD. ..
- the output terminal OUT11 gives, for example, a signal corresponding to overcharging.
- the output terminal OUT12 gives, for example, a signal corresponding to over-discharging.
- the output terminal OUT31 gives, for example, a signal corresponding to an overcurrent during charging.
- the output terminal OUT32 gives a signal corresponding to an overcurrent at the time of discharging, for example.
- the interface circuit IF gives a signal PG to the gate of the transistor 172 when detecting a signal for detecting an abnormality, for example, a signal corresponding to at least one of overcharge, overdischarge, and overcurrent.
- Transistor 172 is connected to the counter circuit CND.
- the counter circuit CND operates a counter and a delay circuit when the signal PG outputs a signal that turns on the transistor 172, more specifically, for example, a high potential signal.
- the operation of the counter circuit CND can be stopped or the counter circuit CND can be put into a standby state. ..
- the signal res is given from the interface circuit IF to the counter circuit CND and the latch circuit LTC.
- the signal res is a reset signal.
- a signal res is given to the counter circuit CND to start counting.
- the signal en is an enable signal.
- the counter circuit CND starts or stops its operation by the signal en.
- the counter circuit CND When a signal for detecting an abnormality is given to the interface circuit IF, the counter circuit CND counts for a certain period of time, and then the signal corresponding to the detected abnormality is given to the latch circuit LTC via the counter circuit CND. ..
- the latch circuit LTC gives a signal to turn off the transistor to the gate of the transistor 140 or the transistor 150 according to the detected abnormality.
- FIG. 5A shows an example of the circuit diagram of the detection circuit 186.
- the detection circuit 186 has two comparators 113.
- a storage element 114 that holds a voltage corresponding to discharge overcurrent detection is electrically connected to the non-inverting input terminal of one of the comparators 113.
- the terminal SH3 is electrically connected to the gate of the transistor included in the storage element 114.
- the terminal SENS is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal.
- the terminal SENS is electrically connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the other comparator 113. Further, a storage element 114 corresponding to charging overcurrent detection is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal.
- the terminal SH4 is electrically connected to the gate of the transistor included in the storage element 114. When an overcurrent is detected by the voltage applied to the non-inverting input terminal, the output from the output terminal OUT31 is inverted.
- the temperature sensor TS has a function of measuring the temperature of the assembled battery 120 or the power storage device 100 including the assembled battery 120.
- FIG. 5B is a circuit diagram showing an example of the temperature sensor TS. The circuit diagram shown in FIG. 5B may represent a part of the circuit of the temperature sensor TS.
- Each given voltage VT is held by a storage element 114 electrically connected to the inverting input terminal.
- the voltages Tm1, Tm2, and Tm3 may be given from, for example, the voltage generation circuit 119.
- a voltage corresponding to the measured temperature is given to the input terminal Vt.
- the input terminal Vt is given to each non-inverting input terminal of the three comparators 113.
- a signal is output from the output terminals (output terminal OUT51, output terminal OUT52, output terminal OUT53) of each comparator corresponding to the comparison result between the voltage given to the input terminal Vt and the voltage of the inverting input terminal of each comparator 113. And the temperature can be determined.
- the OS transistor has the property that the resistance value decreases as the temperature rises. This property can be used to convert the environmental temperature into a voltage. This voltage may be applied to the input terminal Vt, for example.
- the logic circuit 182 detects the output of the temperature sensor TS, and when the temperature range in which the assembled battery 120 can operate is exceeded, the transistor 140 and / or the transistor 150 are made non-conducting, and charging and / or discharging are stopped. It may be configured.
- a lithium ion secondary battery cell can be used as the battery cell 121.
- the positive electrode active material of the lithium ion secondary battery cell preferably has a metal (hereinafter, element A) as a carrier ion.
- element A for example, alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium, and Group 2 elements such as calcium, beryllium and magnesium can be used.
- the positive electrode active material carrier ions are desorbed from the positive electrode active material as it is charged. If the desorption of element A is large, the capacity of the secondary battery is increased due to the large number of ions contributing to the capacity of the secondary battery. On the other hand, if the element A is largely desorbed, the crystal structure of the compound contained in the positive electrode active material is likely to collapse. The collapse of the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material may lead to a decrease in the discharge capacity due to the charge / discharge cycle. When the positive electrode active material of one aspect of the present invention has the element X, the collapse of the crystal structure at the time of desorption of carrier ions during charging of the secondary battery may be suppressed.
- the element X For example, a part of the element X is replaced with the position of the element A.
- Elements such as magnesium, calcium, zirconium, lanthanum, and barium can be used as the element X.
- an element such as copper, potassium, sodium or zinc can be used as the element X.
- two or more of the above-mentioned elements may be used in combination.
- the positive electrode active material preferably has a halogen in addition to the element X. It is preferable to have a halogen such as fluorine and chlorine. The presence of the halogen in the positive electrode active material may promote the substitution of element X with the position of element A.
- the positive electrode active material has an element X, or when it has a halogen in addition to the element X, the electrical conductivity on the surface of the positive electrode active material may be suppressed.
- the positive electrode active material has a metal (hereinafter, element M) whose valence changes depending on the charging and discharging of the secondary battery.
- the element M is, for example, a transition metal.
- the positive electrode active material has, for example, one or more of cobalt, nickel, and manganese as the element M, and particularly has cobalt.
- the position of the element M may have an element such as aluminum that does not change in valence and can have the same valence as the element M, more specifically, for example, a trivalent main group element.
- the element X described above may be substituted at the position of the element M, for example. When the positive electrode active material is an oxide, the element X may be substituted at the position of oxygen.
- a lithium composite oxide having a layered rock salt type crystal structure as the positive electrode active material. More specifically, for example, as a lithium composite oxide having a layered rock salt type crystal structure, a lithium composite oxide having lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, nickel, manganese and cobalt, and a lithium composite oxide having nickel, cobalt and aluminum. , Etc. can be used. Further, these positive electrode active materials are preferably represented by the space group R-3m.
- the crystal structure may collapse when the charging depth is increased.
- the collapse of the crystal structure is, for example, a layer shift. If the crystal structure is irreversible, the capacity of the secondary battery may decrease due to repeated charging and discharging.
- the positive electrode active material has the element X, for example, even if the charging depth is deepened, the displacement of the above layers is suppressed. By suppressing the deviation, the change in volume during charging and discharging can be reduced. Therefore, the positive electrode active material can realize excellent cycle characteristics. Further, the positive electrode active material can have a stable crystal structure in a high voltage charged state. Therefore, the positive electrode active material may not easily cause a short circuit when the high voltage charged state is maintained. In such a case, safety is further improved, which is preferable.
- the difference in volume between the fully discharged state and the charged state with a high voltage is small when compared with the change in crystal structure and the same number of transition metal atoms.
- the positive electrode active material may be represented by the chemical formula AM y O Z (y> 0, z> 0).
- lithium cobalt oxide may be represented by LiCoO 2.
- lithium nickelate may be represented by LiNiO 2.
- the positive electrode active material having element X when the charging depth is 0.8 or more, it is represented by the space group R-3m, and although it does not have a spinel-type crystal structure, element M (for example, cobalt) and element X (for example, magnesium). ), Etc. may occupy the oxygen 6 coordination position, and the arrangement of cations may have symmetry similar to the spinel type.
- This structure is referred to as a pseudo-spinel type crystal structure in the present specification and the like.
- a light element such as lithium may occupy the oxygen 4-coordination position, and in this case as well, the ion arrangement has symmetry similar to that of the spinel type.
- the structure of the positive electrode active material becomes unstable due to the desorption of carrier ions during charging. It can be said that the pseudo-spinel type crystal structure is a structure capable of maintaining high stability despite desorption of carrier ions.
- the charging depth is high, by using a positive electrode active material having a pseudo-spinel type structure for the secondary battery, charging is possible even at a high charging voltage.
- the set voltage used for cell balance, overcharge detection, overdischarge detection, etc. can be freely changed according to the characteristics of the positive electrode active material. can do. Therefore, for example, when the charging voltage is high and the property is excellent, such as a positive electrode active material, the excellent property can be sufficiently exhibited while maintaining the safety.
- the pseudo-spinel type crystal structure has Li randomly between layers, but is similar to the CdCl 2 type crystal structure.
- This crystal structure similar to CdCl type 2 is similar to the crystal structure when lithium nickel oxide is charged to a charging depth of 0.94 (Li 0.06 NiO 2 ), but contains a large amount of pure lithium cobalt oxide or cobalt. It is known that a layered rock salt type positive electrode active material usually does not have this crystal structure.
- Layered rock salt crystals and anions of rock salt crystals have a cubic closest packed structure (face-centered cubic lattice structure). Pseudo-spinel-type crystals are also presumed to have a cubic close-packed structure with anions. When they come into contact, there is a crystal plane in which the cubic close-packed structure composed of anions is oriented in the same direction.
- the space group of layered rock salt type crystals and pseudo-spinel type crystals is R-3m
- the space group of rock salt type crystals Fm-3m (space group of general rock salt type crystals) and Fd-3m (the simplest symmetry).
- the mirror index of the crystal plane satisfying the above conditions is different between the layered rock salt type crystal and the pseudo spinel type crystal and the rock salt type crystal.
- the orientations of the crystals are substantially the same when the orientations of the cubic closest packed structures composed of anions are aligned. be.
- the pseudo-spinel type crystal structure sets the coordinates of cobalt and oxygen in the unit cell within the range of Co (0,0,0.5), O (0,0,x), 0.20 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.25. Can be indicated by.
- the difference between the volume of the unit cell at the volume of 0 charge depth and the volume per unit cell of the pseudo-spinel type crystal structure at the charge depth of 0.82 is preferably 2.5% or less, and 2.2% or less. Is even more preferable.
- the positive electrode active material has a pseudo-spinel-type crystal structure when charged at a high voltage, but not all of the particles need to have a pseudo-spinel-type crystal structure. It may contain other crystal structures or may be partially amorphous. However, when Rietveld analysis is performed on the XRD pattern, the pseudo-spinel type crystal structure is preferably 50 wt% or more, more preferably 60 wt% or more, and further preferably 66 wt% or more. When the pseudo-spinel type crystal structure is 50 wt% or more, more preferably 60 wt% or more, still more preferably 66 wt% or more, the positive electrode active material having sufficiently excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- the number of atoms of element X is preferably 0.001 times or more and 0.1 times or less the number of atoms of element M, more preferably greater than 0.01 and less than 0.04, and even more preferably about 0.02.
- the concentration of the element X shown here may be, for example, a value obtained by elemental analysis of the entire particles of the positive electrode active material using ICP-MS or the like, or a value of the composition of the raw materials in the process of producing the positive electrode active material. May be based on.
- the ratio Ni / (Co + Ni) of the number of nickel atoms (Ni) to the sum of the atomic numbers of cobalt and nickel (Co + Ni) may be less than 0.1. It is preferably 0.075 or less, and more preferably 0.075 or less.
- the positive electrode active material is not limited to the materials listed above.
- a composite oxide having a spinel-type crystal structure can be used as the positive electrode active material.
- a polyanion-based material can be used as the positive electrode active material.
- the polyanion-based material include a material having an olivine-type crystal structure, a pear-con type material, and the like.
- a material having sulfur can be used as the positive electrode active material.
- LiNiO 2 , LiNi 1-x M x O 2 (M Co, Al, etc.
- a composite oxide having oxygen, a metal A, a metal M, and an element Z can be used.
- Metal A is one or more of Li, Na, Mg
- metal M is one or more of Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Ti, V, Nb
- element Z is S, P, Mo, W, As, Si. One or more.
- a composite material (general formula LiMPO 4 (M is one or more of Fe (II), Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II)) can be used.
- M is one or more of Fe (II), Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II)
- Typical examples of the general formula LiMPO 4 are LiFePO 4 , LiNiPO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiFe a Ni b PO 4 , LiFe a Co b PO 4 , LiFe a Mn b PO 4 , LiNi a Co b PO 4 .
- LiNi a Mn b PO 4 (a + b is 1 or less, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 1), LiFe c Ni d Co e PO 4 , LiFe c Ni d Mn e PO 4 , LiNi c Co d Mn e PO 4 (c + d + e ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 1,0 ⁇ d ⁇ 1,0 ⁇ e ⁇ 1), LiFe f Ni g Co h Mn i PO 4 (f + g + h + i is 1 or less, 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 1,0 ⁇ Lithium compounds such as g ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ h ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ i ⁇ 1) can be used.
- a composite material such as the general formula Li (2-j) MSiO 4 (M is one or more of Fe (II), Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), 0 ⁇ j ⁇ 2) is used. Can be used.
- Typical examples of the general formula Li (2-j) MSiO 4 are Li (2-j) FeSiO 4 , Li (2-j) NiSiO 4 , Li (2-j) CoSiO 4 , Li (2-j) MnSiO.
- the represented Nacicon type compound can be used.
- the pear-con type compound include Fe 2 (MnO 4 ) 3 , Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 3, and the like.
- a perovskite-type fluoride such as NaFeF 3 and FeF 3
- a metal chalcogenide such as TiS 2 and MoS 2
- an inverse spinel-type crystal structure such as LiMVO 4
- Materials such as oxides, vanadium oxides (V 2 O 5 , V 6 O 13 , LiV 3 O 8 and the like), manganese oxides, organic sulfur compounds and the like may be used.
- a borate-based material represented by the general formula LiMBO 3 (M is Fe (II), Mn (II), Co (II)) may be used.
- Materials having sodium include, for example, NaFeO 2 , Na 2/3 [Fe 1/2 Mn 1/2 ] O 2 , Na 2/3 [Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 ] O 2 , Na 2 Fe 2 (SO). 4 ) 3 , Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , Na 2 FePO 4 F, NaVPO 4 F, NaMPO 4 (M is Fe (II), Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II)) , Na 2 FePO 4 F, or Na 4 Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 , and other sodium-containing oxides may be used as the positive electrode active material.
- a lithium-containing metal sulfide may be used as the positive electrode active material.
- Li 2 TiS 3 and Li 3 NbS 4 can be mentioned.
- the positive electrode active material of one aspect of the present invention two or more of the above-mentioned materials may be mixed and used.
- the structure of the positive electrode active material becomes unstable, and the element M contained in the positive electrode active material may elute into the electrolytic solution.
- the capacity of the positive electrode may decrease due to the elution of the element M in the electrolytic solution.
- a decrease in the capacity of the positive electrode causes a decrease in the capacity of the secondary battery.
- the element M eluted in the electrolytic solution may be deposited on the surface of the negative electrode of the secondary battery. Inhibition of the reaction of the deposited element M at the negative electrode causes a decrease in the capacity of the secondary battery.
- the structure of the positive electrode active material is stable even at a high charging voltage, so that the elution of the element M of the positive electrode active material into the electrolytic solution is suppressed. be able to.
- the positive electrode active material of one aspect of the present invention may be expressed as a positive electrode material, a positive electrode material for a secondary battery, or the like. Further, in the present specification and the like, the positive electrode active material of one aspect of the present invention preferably has a compound. Further, in the present specification and the like, it is preferable that the positive electrode active material of one aspect of the present invention has a composition. Further, in the present specification and the like, the positive electrode active material according to one aspect of the present invention preferably has a complex.
- the battery cell of one aspect of the present invention preferably has an electrolyte.
- an electrolyte a solid electrolyte having an inorganic material such as a sulfide type or an oxide type, or a solid electrolyte having a polymer material such as PEO (polyethylene oxide) type can be used.
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- solid electrolyte contained in the solid electrolyte layer for example, a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, an oxide-based solid electrolyte, a halide-based solid electrolyte, or the like can be used.
- Sulfide-based solid electrolytes include thiosilicon- based (Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4, etc.) and sulfide glass (70Li 2 S / 30P 2 S 5 , 30 Li).
- sulfide crystallized glass Li 7 P 3 S 11 , Li 3.25 P 0.95 S 4 etc.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte has advantages such as having a material having high conductivity, being able to be synthesized at a low temperature, and being relatively soft so that the conductive path can be easily maintained even after charging and discharging.
- a material having a perovskite type crystal structure La 2 / 3-x Li 3x TIO 3, etc.
- a material having a NASICON type crystal structure Li 1-X Al X Ti 2-X (PO 4)) ) 3 etc.
- Material with garnet type crystal structure Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 etc.
- Material with LISION type crystal structure Li 14 ZnGe 4 O 16 etc.
- LLZO Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O etc. 12
- Oxide glass Li 3 PO 4- Li 4 SiO 4 , 50Li 4 SiO 4 ⁇ 50Li 3 BO 3, etc.
- Oxide crystallized glass Li 1.07 Al 0.69 Ti 1.46 (PO 4) ) 3 , Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 etc.
- Oxide-based solid electrolytes have the advantage of being stable in the atmosphere.
- the halide-based solid electrolyte includes LiAlCl 4 , Li 3 InBr 6 , LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI and the like. Further, a composite material in which the pores of porous aluminum oxide or porous silica are filled with these halide-based solid electrolytes can also be used as the solid electrolyte.
- Li 1 + x Al x Ti 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (0 [x [1) (hereinafter, LATP) having a NASICON type crystal structure is aluminum and titanium, which is a secondary battery 400 of one aspect of the present invention.
- the positive electrode active material used in the above contains elements that may be contained, a synergistic effect can be expected for improving the cycle characteristics, which is preferable.
- productivity can be expected to improve by reducing the number of processes.
- the NASICON type crystal structure is a compound represented by M 2 (AO 4 ) 3 (M: transition metal, A: S, P, As, Mo, W, etc.), and is MO 6 It refers to having an octahedral and AO 4 tetrahedrons arranged three-dimensionally share vertices structure.
- the battery cell of one aspect of the present invention may have an electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution has, for example, a solvent and an electrolyte.
- the solvent of the electrolytic solution is preferably an aprotic organic solvent, for example, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ⁇ -butylolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, dimethyl carbonate.
- DMC diethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- methyl formate methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4 -Use one of dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl ether, methyl diglyme, acetonitrile, benzonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, sulfolane, sulton, etc., or two or more of them in any combination and ratio. be able to.
- Ionic liquids consist of cations and anions, including organic cations and anions.
- Examples of the organic cation used in the electrolytic solution include aliphatic onium cations such as quaternary ammonium cations, tertiary sulfonium cations, and quaternary phosphonium cations, and aromatic cations such as imidazolium cations and pyridinium cations.
- As anions used in the electrolytic solution monovalent amide anions, monovalent methide anions, fluorosulfonic anions, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid anions, tetrafluoroborate anions, perfluoroalkyl borate anions, and hexafluorophosphate anions. , Or perfluoroalkyl phosphate anion and the like.
- the electrolytic solution used for the secondary battery it is preferable to use a highly purified electrolytic solution having a small content of elements other than granular dust and constituent elements of the electrolytic solution (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "impurities").
- impurities a highly purified electrolytic solution having a small content of elements other than granular dust and constituent elements of the electrolytic solution.
- the weight ratio of impurities to the electrolytic solution is preferably 1% or less, preferably 0.1% or less, and more preferably 0.01% or less.
- vinylene carbonate propane sultone (PS), tert-butylbenzene (TBB), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), lithium bis (oxalate) borate (LiBOB), dinitrile compounds such as succinonitrile and adiponitrile, etc.
- PS propane sultone
- TB tert-butylbenzene
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- LiBOB lithium bis (oxalate) borate
- dinitrile compounds such as succinonitrile and adiponitrile, etc.
- Additives may be added.
- the concentration of the material to be added may be, for example, 0.1 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less with respect to the entire solvent.
- a polymer gel electrolyte obtained by swelling the polymer with an electrolytic solution may be used.
- the secondary battery can be made thinner and lighter.
- silicone gel acrylic gel, acrylonitrile gel, polyethylene oxide gel, polypropylene oxide gel, fluoropolymer gel and the like can be used.
- polymer for example, a polymer having a polyalkylene oxide structure such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), PVDF, polyacrylonitrile, etc., and a copolymer containing them can be used.
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PVDF-HFP which is a copolymer of PVDF and hexafluoropropylene (HFP)
- the polymer to be formed may have a porous shape.
- the off current flowing between the source and the drain at the time of off
- the reference voltage is utilized. Can be held by the storage element. At this time, since the power supply of the storage element can be turned off, the reference voltage can be maintained with extremely low power consumption by using the storage element having the OS transistor.
- the storage element having the OS transistor can hold the analog potential.
- the voltage of the secondary battery can be held in the storage element without being converted into a digital value by using an analog-digital conversion circuit.
- the conversion circuit becomes unnecessary, and the circuit area can be reduced.
- the reference voltage can be rewritten and read by charging or discharging the electric charge, so that the monitor voltage can be acquired and read substantially unlimited times.
- a storage element using an OS transistor has excellent rewrite resistance because it does not undergo a structural change at the atomic level, unlike a magnetic memory or a resistance change type memory. Further, in the storage element using the OS transistor, the characteristic instability due to the increase in the electron capture center, which occurs in the flash memory, is not recognized even if the rewriting operation is repeatedly performed.
- the OS transistor has characteristics such as extremely low off-current and good switching characteristics even in a high temperature environment. Therefore, even in a high temperature environment, it is possible to control the charging or discharging of the assembled battery 120 without malfunction.
- the storage element using the OS transistor can be freely arranged by stacking it on a circuit using a Si transistor or the like, integration can be easily performed. Further, since the OS transistor can be manufactured by using the same manufacturing apparatus as the Si transistor, it can be manufactured at low cost.
- the OS transistor can be a 4-terminal semiconductor element including a back gate electrode in addition to the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode.
- An electric network in which the input and output of signals flowing between the source and the drain can be independently controlled according to the voltage applied to the gate electrode or the back gate electrode can be configured. Therefore, the circuit design can be performed with the same thinking as the LSI.
- the OS transistor has better electrical characteristics than the Si transistor in a high temperature environment. Specifically, since the ratio of the on current to the off current is large even at a high temperature such as 100 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, preferably 125 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower, good switching operation can be performed.
- an OS transistor as the transistor 162. Further, an OS transistor may be used as the transistor 132.
- the comparator may be configured by using an OS transistor.
- FIG. 6A is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of the detection circuit MSD.
- the detection circuit MSD includes transistors 11 to 15, a capacitive element C11, and a comparator 50.
- the main signal flow is indicated by arrows or lines, and the power supply line and the like may be omitted.
- a hysteresis comparator may be used as the comparator 50 included in the detection circuit MSD.
- the detection circuit MSD may perform detection in a plurality of battery cells connected in series, or may perform detection in each battery cell.
- the detection circuit MSD shown in FIG. 6A includes a terminal VC1, a wiring VB1_IN to which a predetermined potential VB1 is supplied, a wiring VB2_IN to which a predetermined potential VB2 is supplied, a wiring SH_IN to which a sampling signal is supplied, and an output terminal S_OUT.
- the predetermined potential VB1 is a potential higher than the predetermined potential VB2
- the predetermined potential VB2 is a potential higher than the potential of the terminal VSSS.
- FIG. 6B is different from FIG. 6A in that the transistors 11 to 15 of the detection circuit MSD have a second gate.
- FIG. 6C is different from FIG. 6B in that it has a terminal VSSS, a storage element 114 connected to the wiring VB1_IN, and a storage element 114 connected to the wiring VB2_IN. Further, in FIG. 6C, one of the source and drain of the transistor 11, one of the source and drain of the transistor 13, and one electrode of the capacitive element C11 are electrically connected to the terminal VSSS. Since the potential VB1 and the potential VB2 are given to the wiring VB1_IN and the wiring VB_2 via the storage element 114, respectively, the potential given by the storage element 114 can be maintained. Therefore, the power supply of the voltage generation circuit that supplies the potential VB1 and the potential VB2, more specifically, for example, the voltage generation circuit 119 can be turned off or put into a standby state.
- Transistors 11 to 15 are n-channel type transistors. In the present specification and the like, an example in which the detection circuit MSD is configured by using an n-channel type transistor is shown, but it may be a p-channel type transistor. Since it can be easily understood by those skilled in the art to change the transistor to the p-channel type from the circuit diagram configured by using the n-channel type transistor, the description thereof will be omitted.
- one of the source or drain of the transistor 11 is electrically connected to the terminal VSSS, and the other of the source or drain of the transistor 11 is one of the source or drain of the transistor 12 and the source or drain of the transistor 15. Electrically connected to one of the drains, the gate of the transistor 11 is electrically connected to the wiring VB1_IN, the other of the source or drain of the transistor 12 and the gate of the transistor 12 are electrically connected to the terminal VC1. NS.
- One of the source or drain of the transistor 13 is electrically connected to the terminal VSSS, and the other of the source or drain of the transistor 13 is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor 14 and the inverting input terminal of the comparator 50.
- the gate of the transistor 13 is electrically connected to the wiring VB2_IN, and the other of the source or drain of the transistor 14 and the gate of the transistor 14 are electrically connected to the terminal VC1.
- the other of the source or drain of the transistor 15 is electrically connected to the other terminal of the capacitive element C11 and the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 50, and the gate of the transistor 15 is electrically connected to the wiring SH_IN.
- One terminal of the capacitive element C11 is electrically connected to the terminal VSSS, and the output terminal of the comparator 50 is electrically connected to the output terminal S_OUT.
- One terminal of the capacitance element C11 may be electrically connected to a wiring other than the terminal VSSS as long as the wiring is supplied with a predetermined potential.
- connection portion in which the other of the source or drain of the transistor 11, one of the source or drain of the transistor 12, and one of the source or drain of the transistor 15 are electrically connected is referred to as a node N11, and the transistor is referred to as a node N11.
- the connection portion where the other of the source or drain of 13 and one of the source or drain of the transistor 14 and the inverting input terminal of the comparator 50 are electrically connected is referred to as a node N12, and the source or drain of the transistor 15 is connected.
- the connection portion in which the other terminal, the other terminal of the capacitive element C11, and the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 50 are electrically connected is referred to as a node N13.
- the transistor 11 and the transistor 12 form a first source follower
- the transistor 13 and the transistor 14 form a second source follower. That is, the gate of the transistor 11 corresponds to the input of the first source follower, and the first source follower outputs a signal to the node N11.
- the gate of the transistor 13 corresponds to the input of the second source follower, and the second source follower outputs a signal to the node N12.
- the sampling signal given to the wiring SH_IN becomes a high level at predetermined time intervals.
- a potential higher than the potential VB2 is given as the potential VB1.
- the potential of node N11 and the potential of node N12 increase.
- the potentials of the nodes N11 and N12 drop momentarily.
- the sampling signal given to the wiring SH_IN is at a low level
- the potential of the node N13 is not affected by the potential of the node N11, and the potential of the node N12 is lower than the potential of the node N13. Then, the output of the comparator 50 is inverted, and a micro short circuit is detected.
- the voltage of the secondary battery is converted into digital data by an analog-digital conversion circuit, and calculations are performed based on the digital data using a processor unit or the like to generate a charging waveform or discharge.
- the waveform may be analyzed to detect microshorts or predict microshorts.
- the microshort is detected or predicted by using the displacement of the voltage error of each time step.
- the displacement of the voltage error is obtained by calculating the voltage error and calculating the difference from the previous step.
- a neural network may be used to improve the detection accuracy of micro shorts.
- the neural network is a method, and is a neural network process performed by a neural network unit (including, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), an APU (Accelerated Processing Unit), a memory, etc.).
- the APU refers to a chip in which a CPU and a GPU are integrated into one.
- the secondary battery mounted on the device is random because it tends to depend on the user's usage for discharging, but since the charging conditions are fixed for charging, the charging curve is easier to predict than discharging. It can be said that.
- Accurate values can be predicted using a neural network by using a certain number of charge curves as learning data. If the charge curve is acquired, the SOC (State of charge) or the like can be obtained by using the neural network. For example, a microprocessor or the like may be used for the calculation of the neural network.
- various obtained data are evaluated and learned using machine learning or artificial intelligence, the expected degree of deterioration of the secondary battery is analyzed, and if there is an abnormality, charging of the secondary battery is stopped. , Or adjust the current density of constant current charging.
- a neural network is used to predict the deterioration state of the secondary battery.
- the neural network can be configured by a neural network having a plurality of hidden layers, that is, a deep neural network. Learning in a deep neural network is sometimes called deep learning.
- Machine learning first extracts feature values from learning data.
- the relative amount of change that changes with time is extracted as a feature value, and the neural network is trained based on the extracted feature value.
- the learning means can train the neural network based on learning patterns that are different from each other for each time interval.
- the connection weight applied to the neural network can be updated according to the training result based on the training data.
- a method for estimating the charge state of a secondary battery using a neural network it can also be obtained by calculation processing using a regression model, for example, a Kalman filter.
- the Kalman filter is a type of infinite impulse response filter.
- multiple regression analysis is one of multivariate analysis, and the independent variables of regression analysis are multiple.
- Multiple regression analysis includes the least squares method. While regression analysis requires a large number of time series of observed values, the Kalman filter has the advantage that the optimum correction coefficient can be obtained sequentially as long as a certain amount of data is accumulated.
- the Kalman filter can also be applied to non-stationary time series.
- a non-linear Kalman filter (specifically, an unscented Kalman filter (also referred to as UKF)) can be used as a method for estimating the internal resistance and charge rate (SOC) of the secondary battery.
- An extended Kalman filter (also called EKF) can also be used.
- SOC indicates a charging state (also called a charging rate), and is an index in which 100% is fully charged and 0% is fully discharged.
- n is an integer, for example, 50
- the learning system has a teacher data creation device and a learning device.
- the teacher data creation device creates teacher data to be used when the learning device learns.
- the teacher data includes data whose processing target data and recognition target are the same, and evaluation of labels corresponding to the data.
- the teacher data creation device has an input data acquisition unit, an evaluation acquisition unit, and a teacher data creation unit.
- the input data acquisition unit may acquire the input data for learning from the data stored in the storage device, or may acquire the input data for learning via the Internet.
- the input data is the data used for learning and is a secondary battery. Including the current value and voltage value of.
- the teacher data does not have to be the actual measurement data, but the initial parameters are conditioned to give diversity, data close to the actual measurement is created, and the predetermined characteristic database is used as the teacher data for the neural network.
- the charge rate (SOC) may be estimated by network processing. Efficiently estimate the SOC of the same type of battery by creating data close to actual measurement based on the charge / discharge characteristics of a single battery and performing neural network processing using those predetermined characteristic databases as teacher data. You can also.
- the initial parameter used in the calculation for estimating the SOC may be updated.
- the initial parameters to be updated are calculated by an optimization algorithm using the data of charge / discharge characteristics actually measured in advance.
- a regression model By performing calculation processing with a regression model using the updated initial parameters, for example, a Kalman filter, it is possible to estimate the SOC with high accuracy even after deterioration.
- the calculation processing using the Kalman filter is also referred to as the Kalman filter processing.
- the timing of updating the initial parameters may be arbitrary, but in order to estimate the SOC with high accuracy, it is preferable that the update frequency is high, and it is preferable that the initial parameters are updated regularly and continuously.
- the update frequency is high, and it is preferable that the initial parameters are updated regularly and continuously.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of the configuration of the comparator 50 described in the previous embodiment.
- the comparator 50 has transistors 21 to 25. Further, the comparator 50 includes a wiring VBM_IN to which the negative electrode potential of the secondary battery is supplied, a wiring VBP_IN to which the positive electrode potential VBP of the secondary battery is supplied, a wiring VB3_IN to which a predetermined potential VB3 is supplied, an input terminal CP1_IN, and an input terminal CM1_IN. , Output terminal CP1_OUT, and output terminal CM1_OUT.
- the predetermined potential VB3 is a potential higher than the negative electrode potential VBM, and in the comparator 50, the positive electrode potential VBP is a high power supply potential, and the negative electrode potential VBM is a low power supply potential.
- one of the source or drain of the transistor 21 is electrically connected to the wiring VBM_IN
- the other of the source or drain of the transistor 21 is one of the source or drain of the transistor 22, and the source or drain of the transistor 24. It is electrically connected to one of them, and the gate of the transistor 21 is electrically connected to the wiring VB3_IN.
- the other of the source or drain of the transistor 22 is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor 23 and the output terminal CM1_OUT, and the other of the source or drain of the transistor 23 and the gate of the transistor 23 are wired VBP_IN.
- the gate of the transistor 22 is electrically connected to the input terminal CP1_IN.
- the other of the source or drain of the transistor 24 is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor 25 and the output terminal CP1_OUT, and the other of the source or drain of the transistor 25 and the gate of the transistor 25 are wired VBP_IN.
- the gate of the transistor 24 is electrically connected to the input terminal CM1_IN.
- a plurality of circuits shown in FIG. 7 may be connected in parallel and used as the comparator 50. That is, the output of the comparator shown in FIG. 7 may be input to the comparator 50 of the next stage, and a plurality of comparators may be connected and used.
- the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 8 includes a transistor 300, a transistor 500, and a capacitance element 600.
- the semiconductor device has a plurality of transistors 300 (hereinafter, the two transistors 300 shown in the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 8 are referred to as transistor 300 (1) and transistor 300 (2), respectively. In some cases).
- FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 500 in the channel length direction
- FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 500 in the channel width direction.
- Transistor 500 is an OS transistor. Since the transistor 500 has a small off-current, it is possible to hold the data written in the semiconductor device for a long period of time by using it as a transistor included in the semiconductor device.
- the transistor 500 is, for example, an n-channel transistor.
- the circuit 101a included in the battery control circuit 101 described in the above embodiment is configured by using the transistor shown as the transistor 500.
- the circuit 101b included in the battery control circuit 101 described in the above embodiment is preferably configured by using at least two or more transistors shown as transistors 300.
- the semiconductor device described in this embodiment includes a transistor 300, a transistor 500, and a capacitive element 600 as shown in FIG.
- the transistor 500 is provided above the transistor 300, and the capacitive element 600 is provided above the transistor 300 and the transistor 500.
- the layer 385 is a layer on which the transistor 300 is provided. In FIG. 8, for example, the layer 385 has a substrate 311 and each layer sandwiched between the substrate 311 and the insulator 322.
- the layer 585 is a layer on which the transistor 500 is provided. In FIG. 8, for example, the layer 585 has each layer sandwiched between the insulator 514 and the insulator 574. The substrate 311 and the insulator 322, the insulator 514 and the insulator 574 will be described later.
- the transistor 300 is provided on the substrate 311 and has a semiconductor region 313 composed of a conductor 316, an insulator 315, and a part of the substrate 311, a low resistance region 314a functioning as a source region or a drain region, and a low resistance region 314b. ..
- the conductor 316 can function as a gate for the transistor 300.
- the insulator 315 can function as a gate insulating film of the transistor 300.
- the transistor 300 can be used, for example, for the transistor 140 and the transistor 150 shown in the above embodiment.
- the transistor 140 and the transistor 150 shown in the above embodiment may be called a power MOSFET (Power MOSFET).
- the transistor 300 illustrated in FIGS. 8, 9, 10A, 10B and 10C is particularly preferably applied to the transistor 140 and the transistor 150.
- the transistor 300 shown in FIGS. 8, 9, 10A, 10B and 10C is called a D-MOS (Double Diffusion Metal Oxide Semiconductor) FET.
- the transistor 300 shown in FIG. 8 is a planar type transistor.
- the MOSFET can be operated.
- both the low resistance region 314a and the low resistance region 314b function as sources.
- a region 319 is formed outside the low resistance region 314a and the low resistance region 314b, and a low resistance region 317 that functions as a drain is provided in a region corresponding to the lower side in the cross section shown in FIG. 8 with respect to the semiconductor region 313 of the silicon substrate.
- the transistor 300 can function as a D-MOSFET.
- the back surface electrode 318 can be provided below the low resistance region 317 to function as a drain electrode.
- the low resistance region 314a and the low resistance region 314b may both function as drains, and the low resistance region 317 may function as a source.
- the region 319 is preferably a region having a polarity opposite to that of the low resistance region 314a and the low resistance region 314b.
- the region 319 is preferably a p-type region.
- the region 319 may be a high resistance region.
- Region 319 may be a true region.
- the conductor 328b (or the conductor 328c shown in FIG. 10A or the like) is provided on the upper surfaces of the low resistance region 314a and the low resistance region 314b. Further, it is preferable that the conductor 328b is also provided on the upper surface of the region 319.
- the low resistance region 314a, the low resistance region 314b, and the low resistance region 317 may not be provided. Even if these low resistance regions are not provided, when the conductor 328, the back surface electrode 318, etc. are provided by connecting to the semiconductor region 313 or the like of the substrate 311 so that these electrodes function as source electrodes, drain electrodes, etc. There is.
- the substrate 311 before providing the back surface electrode. For example, by polishing the substrate 311 it is possible to remove a natural oxide film or the like on the surface of the substrate 311 and suppress an increase in resistance. Further, it is preferable to polish the substrate 311 to reduce the thickness of the substrate 311.
- the thickness of the substrate 311 is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less. By reducing the thickness of the substrate 311, the distance between the source and the drain of the transistor 300 can be shortened, and the on-current of the transistor can be increased.
- the support substrate on the opposite side, specifically, for example, the conductor 632 and the insulator 640.
- the support substrate for example, a resin substrate or the like can be used.
- a substrate having an adhesive layer may be used as the support substrate.
- a removable adhesive may be used.
- a second support substrate is provided on the side opposite to the support substrate of 1, and after removing the first support substrate, the conductor 632 is exposed. After that, the conductor 632 is connected by using bumps, wire bonding, clip bonding using a conductive clip, or the like.
- the low resistance region 314a and the low resistance region 314b are in contact with the region 319 having opposite polarities to form a pn junction.
- a parasitic diode in the present invention and the like.
- the parasitic diode has functions such as backflow prevention and rectification.
- the parasitic diode has a function of protecting the transistor.
- FIG. 8 shows an example in which a plug such as a conductor 328 is electrically connected to the low resistance region 314a and the low resistance region 314b, respectively.
- the conductor 328c is connected to a plurality of low resistance regions.
- An example of being electrically connected is shown.
- the conductor 328c preferably has a shape that covers at least a part of each of the plurality of low resistance regions. Further, it is preferable that the conductor 328c overlaps with at least a part of each of the plurality of low resistance regions.
- the transistor 300 may be provided with three or more low resistance regions.
- the transistor 300 is provided on a semiconductor region sandwiched between two low resistance regions, and is provided between a conductor 316 that functions as a gate electrode and between the conductor 316 and the semiconductor region.
- a conductor 316 that functions as a gate electrode and between the conductor 316 and the semiconductor region.
- the plurality of conductors 316 are electrically connected to each other.
- the plurality of low resistance regions are electrically connected to each other via a conductor 328b or the like.
- FIG. 11B shows an example in which a plurality of low resistance regions are provided in the trench type transistor shown in FIG. 10B and the like (details will be described later).
- an insulator having a conductor 316 sandwiched between two low resistance regions and functioning as a gate electrode and a region sandwiched between the conductor 316 and the low resistance region and functioning as a gate insulating film.
- You may have a plurality of pairs with the body 315.
- the plurality of conductors 316 are electrically connected to each other.
- the plurality of low resistance regions are electrically connected to each other via the conductor 328, the conductor 328c, and the like.
- the transistor 300 may be either a p-channel type or an n-channel type.
- a semiconductor such as a silicon-based semiconductor is included in a region in which a channel of the semiconductor region 313 is formed, a region in the vicinity thereof, a source region, or a low resistance region 314a, a low resistance region 314b, a low resistance region 317, which is a drain region, and the like. It is preferable that it contains single crystal silicon.
- Ge germanium
- SiGe silicon germanium
- GaAs gallium arsenide
- GaAlAs gallium aluminum arsenide
- InP indium phosphide
- SiC silicon carbide
- ZnSe zinc selenide
- GaN gallium arsenide
- GaOx gallium oxide; x is a real number greater than 0
- the transistor 300 may be a HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) by using GaAs and GaAlAs or the like.
- an element that imparts n-type conductivity such as arsenic and phosphorus, or a p-type such as boron. Contains elements that impart conductivity.
- the conductor 316 that functions as a gate electrode is a semiconductor material such as silicon, a metal material, or an alloy that contains an element that imparts n-type conductivity such as arsenic or phosphorus, or an element that imparts p-type conductivity such as boron.
- a material or a conductive material such as a metal oxide material can be used.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor can be adjusted by selecting the material of the conductor. Specifically, it is preferable to use one or more selected from materials such as titanium nitride and tantalum nitride as the conductor. Further, in order to achieve both conductivity and embedding property, it is preferable to use one or more selected from metal materials such as tungsten and aluminum as a conductor, and it is particularly preferable to use tungsten in terms of heat resistance.
- the transistor 300 shown in FIG. 8 is an example, and the transistor 300 is not limited to the structure thereof, and an appropriate transistor may be used according to the circuit configuration and the driving method.
- the transistor 300 may be configured in the same manner as the transistor 500 using an oxide semiconductor. The details of the transistor 500 will be described later.
- An insulator 320, an insulator 322, an insulator 324, and an insulator 326 are laminated in this order so as to cover the transistor 300.
- the insulator 320, the insulator 322, the insulator 324, and the insulator 326 for example, silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxide nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum nitride and the like can be used. Just do it.
- silicon oxide refers to a material whose composition has a higher oxygen content than nitrogen
- silicon nitride refers to a material whose composition has a higher nitrogen content than oxygen. Is shown.
- aluminum nitride refers to a material whose composition has a higher oxygen content than nitrogen
- aluminum nitride refers to a material whose composition has a higher nitrogen content than oxygen. Is shown.
- the insulator 322 may have a function as a flattening film for flattening a step generated by a transistor 300 or the like provided below the insulator 322.
- the upper surface of the insulator 322 may be flattened by a flattening treatment using a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method or the like in order to improve the flatness.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the insulator 324 it is preferable to use a film having a barrier property so that hydrogen and impurities do not diffuse in the region where the transistor 500 is provided from the substrate 311 or the transistor 300.
- a film having a barrier property against hydrogen for example, silicon nitride formed by the CVD method can be used.
- hydrogen may diffuse into a semiconductor element having an oxide semiconductor such as a transistor 500, so that the characteristics of the semiconductor element may deteriorate. Therefore, it is preferable to use a film that suppresses the diffusion of hydrogen between the transistor 500 and the transistor 300.
- the membrane that suppresses the diffusion of hydrogen is a membrane that desorbs a small amount of hydrogen.
- the amount of hydrogen desorbed can be analyzed using, for example, a heated desorption gas analysis method (TDS).
- TDS heated desorption gas analysis method
- the amount of hydrogen desorbed from the insulator 324 is such that the amount desorbed in terms of hydrogen atoms is converted per area of the insulator 324 when the surface temperature of the film is in the range of 50 ° C. to 500 ° C. It may be 10 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2 or less, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2 or less.
- the insulator 326 has a lower dielectric constant than the insulator 324.
- the relative permittivity of the insulator 326 is preferably less than 4, more preferably less than 3.
- the relative permittivity of the insulator 326 is preferably 0.7 times or less, more preferably 0.6 times or less, the relative permittivity of the insulator 324.
- the insulator 320, the insulator 322, the insulator 324, and the insulator 326 are embedded with a capacitance element 600, a conductor 328 connected to the transistor 500, a conductor 330, and the like.
- the conductor 328 is provided so as to be embedded in the insulator 320 and the insulator 322
- the conductor 330 is provided so as to be embedded in the insulator 324 and the insulator 326.
- the conductor 328 and the conductor 330 have a function as a plug or wiring.
- a conductor having a function as a plug or wiring may collectively give a plurality of structures the same reference numerals.
- the wiring and the plug connected to the wiring may be integrated. That is, a part of the conductor may function as a wiring, and a part of the conductor may function as a plug.
- the semiconductor elements, or the semiconductor elements and the conductors, or the conductors are connected via a plug or wiring, for example, they are electrically connected.
- each plug and wiring As the material of each plug and wiring (conductor 328, conductor 330, etc.), a conductive material such as a metal material, an alloy material, a metal nitride material, or a metal oxide material is used as a single layer or laminated. be able to. It is preferable to use a refractory material such as tungsten or molybdenum that has both heat resistance and conductivity, and it is preferable to use tungsten. Alternatively, it is preferably formed of a low resistance conductive material such as aluminum or copper. Wiring resistance can be reduced by using a low resistance conductive material.
- An insulator 321 that functions as an element separation layer is provided between the transistor 300 (1) and the transistor 300 (2).
- the element separation layer can be formed by using a LOCOS (LOCOxidation of Silicon) method, an STI (Shallow Trench Isolation) method, or the like.
- LOCOS LOCOS
- STI Shallow Trench Isolation
- the insulating layer 245 may have a multi-layer structure.
- the insulator 321 may not be provided.
- One of the drain and the source of the transistor 300 (1) is electrically connected to one of the drain and the source of the transistor 300 (2) via the back electrode 318.
- the other of the drain and the source of the transistor 300 (1) is connected to the conductor 610b via the conductor 328 and the like.
- the conductor 610b can be connected to various semiconductor elements included in the semiconductor device of one aspect of the present invention. Further, when the semiconductor device of one aspect of the present invention is applied as a circuit electrically connected to a secondary battery, more specifically, for example, a protection circuit, a control circuit, etc., the conductor 610b is used as the secondary battery. Or, it can be electrically connected to an electrode of a secondary battery group, more specifically, for example, a negative electrode or a positive electrode.
- the transistor 300 has a conductor 328b.
- the conductor 328b is provided on the low resistance region 314a, the low resistance region 314b, and the like.
- the insulator 315 may have a region sandwiched between the low resistance region 314a and the conductor 328b, and a region sandwiched between the low resistance region 314b and the conductor 328b.
- the conductor 328 is provided on the conductor 328b.
- the conductor 328b may have a region sandwiched between the low resistance region 314a and the conductor 328, or a region sandwiched between the low resistance region 314b and the conductor 328. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, a part of the region 319 may be provided so as to be formed deeply.
- a wiring layer may be provided on the insulator 326 and the conductor 330.
- the insulator 350, the insulator 352, and the insulator 354 are laminated in this order.
- a conductor 356 is formed on the insulator 350, the insulator 352, and the insulator 354.
- the conductor 356 has a function as a plug or wiring for connecting to the transistor 300.
- the conductor 356 can be provided by using the same material as the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- the insulator 350 it is preferable to use an insulator having a barrier property against hydrogen, similarly to the insulator 324.
- the conductor 356 preferably contains a conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- a conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen is formed in the opening of the insulator 350 having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- the conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen for example, tantalum nitride or the like may be used. Further, by laminating tantalum nitride and tungsten having high conductivity, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of hydrogen from the transistor 300 while maintaining the conductivity as wiring. In this case, it is preferable that the tantalum nitride layer having a barrier property against hydrogen has a structure in contact with the insulator 350 having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment is not limited to this.
- a plurality of wiring layers similar to the wiring layer including the conductor 356 may be formed.
- Insulator 510, insulator 512, insulator 514, and insulator 516 are laminated in this order on the insulator 354.
- a substance having a barrier property against one or more of oxygen and hydrogen it is preferable to use a substance having a barrier property against one or more of oxygen and hydrogen.
- the insulator 510 and the insulator 514 it is preferable to use a film having a barrier property so that hydrogen and impurities do not diffuse in the region where the transistor 500 is provided from the region where the substrate 311 or the transistor 300 is provided. .. Therefore, the same material as the insulator 324 can be used.
- Silicon nitride formed by the CVD method can be used as an example of a film having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- hydrogen may diffuse into a semiconductor element having an oxide semiconductor such as a transistor 500, so that the characteristics of the semiconductor element may deteriorate. Therefore, it is preferable to use a film that suppresses the diffusion of hydrogen between the transistor 500 and the transistor 300.
- the membrane that suppresses the diffusion of hydrogen is a membrane that desorbs a small amount of hydrogen.
- metal oxides such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, and tantalum oxide for the insulator 510 and the insulator 514.
- aluminum oxide has a high blocking effect that does not allow the membrane to permeate both oxygen and impurities such as hydrogen and moisture that cause fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor. Therefore, aluminum oxide can prevent impurities such as hydrogen and moisture from being mixed into the transistor 500 during and after the manufacturing process of the transistor. In addition, it is possible to suppress the release of oxygen from the oxides constituting the transistor 500. Therefore, it is suitable for use as a protective film for the transistor 500.
- the same material as the insulator 320 can be used for the insulator 512 and the insulator 516. Further, by applying a material having a relatively low dielectric constant to these insulators, it is possible to reduce the parasitic capacitance generated between the wirings.
- a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or the like can be used as the insulator 512 and the insulator 516.
- the insulator 510, the insulator 512, the insulator 514, and the insulator 516 are embedded with a conductor 518, a conductor (for example, a conductor 503) constituting the transistor 500, and the like.
- the conductor 518 has a function as a plug or wiring for connecting to the conductor 610b, the transistor 300, or the capacitive element 600.
- the conductor 518 can be provided by using the same material as the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- the conductor 510 and the conductor 518 in the region in contact with the insulator 514 are preferably conductors having a barrier property against oxygen, hydrogen, and water.
- the transistor 300 and the transistor 500 can be separated by a layer having a barrier property against oxygen, hydrogen, and water, and the diffusion of hydrogen from the transistor 300 to the transistor 500 can be suppressed.
- a transistor 500 is provided above the insulator 516.
- the transistor 500 has a conductor 503 arranged so as to be embedded in the insulator 514 and the insulator 516, and an insulator 520 arranged on the insulator 516 and the insulator 503.
- the insulator 522 placed on the insulator 520 the insulator 524 placed on the insulator 522, the oxide 530a placed on the insulator 524, and the oxide 530a.
- the arranged oxide 530b, the conductors 542a and 542b arranged apart from each other on the oxide 530b, and the conductors 542a and 542b are arranged between the conductors 542a and 542b.
- the insulator 544 is arranged between the oxide 530a, the oxide 530b, the conductor 542a, and the conductor 542b and the insulator 580.
- the conductor 560 includes a conductor 560a provided inside the insulator 550 and a conductor 560b provided so as to be embedded inside the conductor 560a. It is preferable to have.
- the insulator 574 is arranged on the insulator 580, the conductor 560, and the insulator 550.
- oxide 530a, oxide 530b, and oxide 530c may be collectively referred to as oxide 530.
- the transistor 500 shows a configuration in which three layers of oxide 530a, oxide 530b, and oxide 530c are laminated in a region where a channel is formed and in the vicinity thereof, but the present invention is limited to this. It's not a thing. For example, a single layer of oxide 530b, a two-layer structure of oxide 530b and oxide 530a, a two-layer structure of oxide 530b and oxide 530c, or a laminated structure of four or more layers may be provided. Further, in the transistor 500, the conductor 560 is shown as a two-layer laminated structure, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the conductor 560 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure of three or more layers. Further, the transistor 500 shown in FIGS. 8 and 13A is an example, and the transistor 500 is not limited to the structure thereof, and an appropriate transistor may be used according to the circuit configuration and the driving method.
- the conductor 560 functions as a gate electrode of the transistor, and the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b function as a source electrode or a drain electrode, respectively.
- the conductor 560 is formed so as to be embedded in the opening of the insulator 580 and the region sandwiched between the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b.
- the arrangement of the conductor 560, the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b is self-aligned with respect to the opening of the insulator 580. That is, in the transistor 500, the gate electrode can be arranged in a self-aligned manner between the source electrode and the drain electrode. Therefore, since the conductor 560 can be formed without providing the alignment margin, the occupied area of the transistor 500 can be reduced. As a result, the semiconductor device can be miniaturized and highly integrated.
- the conductor 560 is formed in a region between the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b in a self-aligned manner, the conductor 560 does not have a region that overlaps with the conductor 542a or the conductor 542b. Thereby, the parasitic capacitance formed between the conductor 560 and the conductors 542a and 542b can be reduced. Therefore, the switching speed of the transistor 500 can be improved and a high frequency characteristic can be provided.
- the conductor 560 may function as a first gate (also referred to as a top gate) electrode. Further, the conductor 503 may function as a second gate (also referred to as a bottom gate) electrode.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor 500 can be controlled by changing the potential applied to the conductor 503 independently of the potential applied to the conductor 560 without interlocking with the potential applied to the conductor 560. In particular, by applying a negative potential to the conductor 503, the threshold voltage of the transistor 500 can be made larger than 0 V, and the off-current can be reduced. Therefore, when a negative potential is applied to the conductor 503, the drain current when the potential applied to the conductor 560 is 0 V can be made smaller than when it is not applied.
- the conductor 503 is arranged so as to overlap the oxide 530 and the conductor 560. As a result, when a potential is applied to the conductor 560 and the conductor 503, the electric field generated from the conductor 560 and the electric field generated from the conductor 503 are connected to cover the channel forming region formed in the oxide 530. Can be done.
- the structure of the transistor that electrically surrounds the channel formation region by the electric fields of the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode is referred to as a surroundd channel (S-channel) structure.
- the conductor 503 has the same configuration as the conductor 518, and the conductor 503a is formed in contact with the inner wall of the opening of the insulator 514 and the insulator 516, and the conductor 503b is further formed inside.
- the transistor 500 shows a configuration in which the conductor 503a and the conductor 503b are laminated, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 503 may be provided as a single layer or a laminated structure having three or more layers.
- a conductive material for the conductor 503a which has a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, and copper atoms (the above impurities are difficult to permeate).
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen for example, at least one oxygen atom, oxygen molecule, etc.
- the function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities or oxygen is a function of suppressing the diffusion of any one or all of the above impurities or the above oxygen.
- the conductor 503a since the conductor 503a has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen, it is possible to prevent the conductor 503b from being oxidized and the conductivity from being lowered.
- the conductor 503 When the conductor 503 also functions as a wiring, it is preferable to use a highly conductive conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component for the conductor 503b. In that case, the conductor 503a does not necessarily have to be provided. Although the conductor 503b is shown as a single layer, it may have a laminated structure, for example, titanium or titanium nitride may be laminated with the conductive material.
- the insulator 520, the insulator 522, and the insulator 524 have a function as a second gate insulating film.
- the insulator 524 in contact with the oxide 530 it is preferable to use an insulator containing more oxygen than oxygen satisfying the stoichiometric composition. That is, it is preferable that the insulator 524 is formed with an excess oxygen region. By providing such an insulator containing excess oxygen in contact with the oxide 530, oxygen deficiency in the oxide 530 can be reduced and the reliability of the transistor 500 can be improved.
- an oxide material in which a part of oxygen is desorbed by heating is an oxide having an oxygen desorption amount of 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or more, preferably 1
- the surface temperature of the film during the TDS analysis is preferably in the range of 100 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower, or 100 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower.
- the insulator 524 has an excess oxygen region, it is preferable that the insulator 522 has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (for example, oxygen atom, oxygen molecule, etc.) (the oxygen is difficult to permeate).
- oxygen for example, oxygen atom, oxygen molecule, etc.
- the insulator 522 has a function of suppressing the diffusion of one or more of oxygen or impurities, the oxygen contained in the oxide 530 does not diffuse to the insulator 520 side, which is preferable. Further, it is possible to suppress the conductor 503 from reacting with the oxygen contained in the insulator 524 and the oxide 530.
- the insulator 522 may be, for example, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), strontium titanate (SrTIO 3 ), or It is preferable to use an insulator containing a so-called high-k material such as (Ba, Sr) TiO 3 (BST) in a single layer or in a laminated manner. As transistors become finer and more integrated, problems such as leakage current may occur due to the thinning of the gate insulating film. By using a high-k material for the insulator that functions as a gate insulating film, it is possible to reduce the gate potential during transistor operation while maintaining the physical film thickness.
- a so-called high-k material such as (Ba, Sr) TiO 3 (BST)
- an insulator containing oxides of one or both of aluminum and hafnium which are insulating materials having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities and oxygen (the above oxygen is difficult to permeate).
- an insulator containing one or both oxides of aluminum and hafnium it is preferable to use aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate) and the like.
- the insulator 522 is formed using such a material, the insulator 522 suppresses the release of oxygen from the oxide 530 and the mixing of impurities such as hydrogen from the peripheral portion of the transistor 500 into the oxide 530. Functions as a layer.
- aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, germanium oxide, niobium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, and zirconium oxide may be added to these insulators.
- these insulators may be nitrided. Silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, or silicon nitride may be laminated on the above insulator.
- the insulator 520 is thermally stable.
- silicon oxide and silicon nitride nitride are suitable because they are thermally stable.
- by combining the insulator of the high-k material with silicon oxide or silicon oxide nitride it is possible to obtain an insulator 520 having a laminated structure that is thermally stable and has a high relative permittivity.
- an insulator 520, an insulator 522, and an insulator 524 are shown as a second gate insulating film having a three-layer laminated structure, but the second gate The insulating film may have a single layer, two layers, or a laminated structure of four or more layers. In that case, the laminated structure is not limited to the same material, and may be a laminated structure made of different materials.
- oxide 530 a metal oxide that functions as an oxide semiconductor for the oxide 530 including the channel forming region.
- oxide 530 In-M-Zn oxide (element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lantern, cerium, neodymium).
- Hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, etc. (one or more) and the like may be used.
- the metal oxide of the above may be used.
- Ga: Zn 2: 5 [atomic number ratio]
- Laminated structure of [number ratio] and In: Ga: Zn 4: 2: 3 [atomic number ratio]
- laminated structure of gallium oxide and In: Ga: Zn 4: 2: 3 [atomic number ratio] And so on.
- the oxide 530b may have crystallinity.
- CAAC-OS c-axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor
- Crystalline oxides such as CAAC-OS have a dense structure with high crystallinity with few impurities and defects (oxygen deficiency, etc.). Therefore, it is possible to suppress the extraction of oxygen from the oxide 530b by the source electrode or the drain electrode. Further, even if heat treatment is performed, oxygen can be reduced from being extracted from the oxide 530b, so that the transistor 500 is stable against a high temperature (so-called thermal budget) in the manufacturing process.
- the oxide 530 can suppress the diffusion of impurities into the oxide 530b from the structure formed below the oxide 530a. Further, by having the oxide 530c on the oxide 530b, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of impurities into the oxide 530b from the structure formed above the oxide 530c.
- the oxide 530 preferably has a laminated structure of a plurality of oxide layers having different atomic number ratios of each metal atom. Specifically, in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530a, the atomic number ratio of the element M in the constituent elements is larger than the atomic number ratio of the element M in the constituent elements in the metal oxide used in the oxide 530b. Is preferable. Further, in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530a, the atomic number ratio of the element M to In is preferably larger than the atomic number ratio of the element M to In in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530b.
- the atomic number ratio of In to the element M is preferably larger than the atomic number ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530a.
- the oxide 530c a metal oxide that can be used for the oxide 530a or the oxide 530b can be used.
- the energy at the lower end of the conduction band of the oxide 530a and the oxide 530c is higher than the energy at the lower end of the conduction band of the oxide 530b.
- the electron affinity of the oxide 530a and the oxide 530c is smaller than the electron affinity of the oxide 530b.
- the energy level at the lower end of the conduction band changes gently.
- the energy level at the lower end of the conduction band at the junction of the oxide 530a, the oxide 530b, and the oxide 530c is continuously changed or continuously bonded.
- the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b, and the oxide 530b and the oxide 530c have a common element (main component) other than oxygen, so that a mixed layer having a low defect level density is formed.
- a common element (main component) other than oxygen so that a mixed layer having a low defect level density is formed.
- the oxide 530b is an In-Ga-Zn oxide, In-Ga-Zn oxide, Ga-Zn oxide, gallium oxide or the like may be used as the oxide 530a and the oxide 530c.
- the main path of the carrier is oxide 530b.
- the defect level density at the interface between the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b and the interface between the oxide 530b and the oxide 530c can be lowered. Therefore, the influence of interfacial scattering on carrier conduction is reduced, and the transistor 500 can obtain a high on-current.
- a conductor 542a and a conductor 542b that function as a source electrode and a drain electrode are provided on the oxide 530b.
- the conductors 542a and 542b include aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, beryllium, indium, and ruthenium.
- Iridium, strontium, lanthanum, or an alloy containing the above-mentioned metal element as a component, or an alloy in which the above-mentioned metal element is combined is preferably used.
- tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, tungsten, nitrides containing titanium and aluminum, nitrides containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxides containing strontium and ruthenium, oxides containing lanthanum and nickel, etc. are used. Is preferable.
- tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, nitrides containing titanium and aluminum, nitrides containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxides containing strontium and ruthenium, and oxides containing lanthanum and nickel are difficult to oxidize.
- a metal nitride film such as tantalum nitride is preferable because it has a barrier property against hydrogen or oxygen.
- the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b are shown as a single-layer structure, but a laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- a tantalum nitride film and a tungsten film may be laminated.
- the titanium film and the aluminum film may be laminated.
- a two-layer structure in which an aluminum film is laminated on a tungsten film a two-layer structure in which a copper film is laminated on a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy film, a two-layer structure in which a copper film is laminated on a titanium film, and a tungsten film. It may have a two-layer structure in which copper films are laminated.
- a molybdenum nitride film and an aluminum film or a copper film are laminated on the molybdenum film or the molybdenum nitride film, and a molybdenum film or a molybdenum nitride film is further formed on the aluminum film or the copper film.
- a transparent conductive material containing indium oxide, tin oxide or zinc oxide may be used.
- a region 543a and a region 543b may be formed as low resistance regions at the interface of the oxide 530 with the conductor 542a (conductor 542b) and its vicinity.
- the region 543a functions as one of the source region or the drain region
- the region 543b functions as the other of the source region or the drain region.
- a channel forming region is formed in a region sandwiched between the region 543a and the region 543b.
- the oxygen concentration in the region 543a (region 543b) may be reduced. Further, in the region 543a (region 543b), a metal compound layer containing the metal contained in the conductor 542a (conductor 542b) and the component of the oxide 530 may be formed. In such a case, the carrier density of the region 543a (region 543b) increases, and the region 543a (region 543b) becomes a low resistance region.
- the insulator 544 is provided so as to cover the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b, and suppresses the oxidation of the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b. At this time, the insulator 544 may be provided so as to cover the side surface of the oxide 530 and come into contact with the insulator 524.
- insulator 544 a metal oxide containing one or more selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, neodymium, lanthanum, magnesium and the like. Can be used. Further, as the insulator 544, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride or the like can also be used.
- the insulator 544 it is preferable to use aluminum, or an oxide containing one or both oxides of aluminum or hafnium, such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, aluminum, and an oxide containing hafnium (hafnium aluminate). ..
- hafnium aluminate has higher heat resistance than the hafnium oxide film. Therefore, it is preferable because it is difficult to crystallize in the heat treatment in the subsequent step.
- the conductors 542a and 542b are made of a material having oxidation resistance, or if the conductivity does not significantly decrease even if oxygen is absorbed, the insulator 544 is not an indispensable configuration. It may be appropriately designed according to the desired transistor characteristics.
- the insulator 544 By having the insulator 544, it is possible to prevent impurities such as water and hydrogen contained in the insulator 580 from diffusing into the oxide 530b via the oxide 530c and the insulator 550. Further, it is possible to suppress the oxidation of the conductor 560 due to the excess oxygen contained in the insulator 580.
- the insulator 550 functions as a first gate insulating film.
- the insulator 550 is preferably arranged in contact with the inside (upper surface and side surface) of the oxide 530c.
- the insulator 550 is preferably formed by using an insulator that contains excess oxygen and releases oxygen by heating.
- silicon oxide having excess oxygen silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, carbon, and silicon oxide to which nitrogen is added, and vacancies are used.
- Silicon oxide having can be used.
- silicon oxide and silicon nitride nitride are preferable because they are stable against heat.
- oxygen is effectively applied from the insulator 550 through the oxide 530c to the channel forming region of the oxide 530b. Can be supplied. Further, it is preferable that the concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the insulator 550 is reduced as in the insulator 524.
- the film thickness of the insulator 550 is preferably 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- a metal oxide may be provided between the insulator 550 and the conductor 560.
- the metal oxide preferably suppresses oxygen diffusion from the insulator 550 to the conductor 560.
- the diffusion of excess oxygen from the insulator 550 to the conductor 560 is suppressed. That is, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of excess oxygen supplied to the oxide 530.
- oxidation of the conductor 560 due to excess oxygen can be suppressed.
- a material that can be used for the insulator 544 may be used.
- the insulator 550 may have a laminated structure as in the case of the second gate insulating film.
- an insulator that functions as a gate insulating film is made of a high-k material and heat.
- the conductor 560 that functions as the first gate electrode is shown as a two-layer structure in FIGS. 13A and 13B, but may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure of three or more layers.
- Conductor 560a is a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen molecule, a water molecule, a nitrogen atom, a nitrogen molecule, nitric oxide molecule (N 2 O, NO, etc. NO 2), conductive having a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as copper atoms It is preferable to use a material. Alternatively, it is preferable to use a conductive material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one oxygen atom, oxygen molecule, etc.). Since the conductor 560a has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen, it is possible to prevent the conductor 560b from being oxidized by the oxygen contained in the insulator 550 and the conductivity from being lowered.
- the conductive material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen for example, tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide and the like are preferably used.
- an oxide semiconductor applicable to the oxide 530 can be used as the conductor 560a. In that case, by forming the conductor 560b into a film by a sputtering method, the electric resistance value of the conductor 560a can be lowered to form a conductor. This can be called an OC (Oxide Conductor) electrode.
- the conductor 560b it is preferable to use a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component. Further, since the conductor 560b also functions as wiring, it is preferable to use a conductor having high conductivity. For example, a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component can be used. Further, the conductor 560b may have a laminated structure, for example, a laminated structure of titanium or titanium nitride and the conductive material.
- the insulator 580 is provided on the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b via the insulator 544.
- the insulator 580 preferably has an excess oxygen region.
- silicon, resin, or the like silicon oxide and silicon oxide nitride are preferable because they are thermally stable.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxide having pores are preferable because an excess oxygen region can be easily formed in a later step.
- the insulator 580 preferably has an excess oxygen region. By providing the insulator 580 from which oxygen is released by heating in contact with the oxide 530c, the oxygen in the insulator 580 can be efficiently supplied to the oxide 530 through the oxide 530c. It is preferable that the concentration of impurities such as water and hydrogen in the insulator 580 is reduced.
- the opening of the insulator 580 is formed so as to overlap the region between the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b.
- the conductor 560 is formed so as to be embedded in the opening of the insulator 580 and the region sandwiched between the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b.
- the conductor 560 When miniaturizing a semiconductor device, it is required to shorten the gate length, but it is necessary to prevent the conductivity of the conductor 560 from decreasing. Therefore, if the film thickness of the conductor 560 is increased, the conductor 560 may have a shape having a high aspect ratio. In the present embodiment, since the conductor 560 is provided so as to be embedded in the opening of the insulator 580, even if the conductor 560 has a shape having a high aspect ratio, the conductor 560 is formed without collapsing during the process. Can be done.
- the insulator 574 is preferably provided in contact with the upper surface of the insulator 580, the upper surface of the conductor 560, and the upper surface of the insulator 550.
- an excess oxygen region can be provided in the insulator 550 and the insulator 580. Thereby, oxygen can be supplied into the oxide 530 from the excess oxygen region.
- the insulator 574 use one or more metal oxides selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, magnesium and the like. Can be done.
- aluminum oxide has a high barrier property and can suppress the diffusion of hydrogen and nitrogen even in a thin film of 0.5 nm or more and 3.0 nm or less. Therefore, the aluminum oxide formed by the sputtering method can have a function as a barrier film for impurities such as hydrogen as well as an oxygen supply source.
- the insulator 581 that functions as an interlayer film on the insulator 574.
- the insulator 581 preferably has a reduced concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the film.
- the conductor 540a and the conductor 540b are arranged in the openings formed in the insulator 581, the insulator 574, the insulator 580, and the insulator 544.
- the conductor 540a and the conductor 540b are provided so as to face each other with the conductor 560 interposed therebetween.
- the conductor 540a and the conductor 540b have the same configuration as the conductor 546 and the conductor 548 described later.
- An insulator 582 is provided on the insulator 581.
- the insulator 582 it is preferable to use a substance having a barrier property against one or more of oxygen and hydrogen. Therefore, the same material as the insulator 514 can be used for the insulator 582.
- a metal oxide such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, and tantalum oxide for the insulator 582.
- aluminum oxide has a high blocking effect that does not allow the membrane to permeate both oxygen and impurities such as hydrogen and moisture that cause fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor. Therefore, aluminum oxide can prevent impurities such as hydrogen and moisture from being mixed into the transistor 500 during and after the manufacturing process of the transistor. In addition, it is possible to suppress the release of oxygen from the oxides constituting the transistor 500. Therefore, it is suitable for use as a protective film for the transistor 500.
- a conductor 546, a conductor 548, etc. are embedded in the insulator 520, the insulator 522, the insulator 524, the insulator 544, the insulator 580, the insulator 574, the insulator 581, and the insulator 582.
- the conductor 546 and the conductor 548 have a function as, for example, a plug for connecting the conductor 610b and the transistor 300, or a wiring.
- Conductor 546b, conductor 548b, etc. are embedded in the insulator 580, the insulator 574, the insulator 581, and the insulator 582.
- the conductor 546b and the conductor 548b have a function as a plug or wiring for connecting to the conductor 542a, the conductor 542b, etc. of the transistor 500.
- the conductor 546, the conductor 546b, the conductor 548 and the conductor 548b can be provided by using the same materials as the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- a conductor 610b is provided above the transistor 500.
- the conductor 610b is provided on the insulator 582.
- the conductor 610b is connected to the transistor 500 via the conductor 548b.
- the conductor 610a may be provided on the insulator 582 in addition to the conductor 610b.
- the conductor 610a can be formed, for example, by processing from the same conductive film as the conductor 610b.
- the conductor 610a and the conductor 610a are provided on the insulator 582.
- a capacitive element 600 composed of a conductor 620 and an insulator 630 can be provided.
- the conductor 610a and the conductor 610b are a metal film containing an element selected from molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, aluminum, copper, chromium, neodymium, and scandium, or a metal nitride film containing the above-mentioned elements as components.
- a metal nitride film, titanium nitride film, molybdenum nitride film, tungsten nitride film can be used.
- indium tin oxide indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide containing titanium oxide, indium zinc oxide, and silicon oxide are added. It is also possible to apply a conductive material such as indium tin oxide.
- the conductor 610a and the conductor 610b show a single-layer structure, but the structure is not limited to this, and a laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- a conductor having a barrier property and a conductor having a high adhesion to a conductor having a high conductivity may be formed between a conductor having a barrier property and a conductor having a high conductivity.
- a conductive material such as a metal material, an alloy material, or a metal oxide material can be used. It is preferable to use a refractory material such as tungsten or molybdenum that has both heat resistance and conductivity, and it is particularly preferable to use tungsten. When it is formed at the same time as another structure such as a conductor, Cu (copper), Al (aluminum), or the like, which is a low resistance metal material, may be used.
- An insulator 640 is provided on the conductor 620 and the insulator 630.
- the insulator 640 can be provided by using the same material as the insulator 320. Further, the insulator 640 may function as a flattening film that covers the uneven shape below the insulator 640.
- the conductor 631 is provided so as to be embedded in the insulator 640, and the conductor 632 is further provided on the conductor 631.
- the conductor 631 can function as a plug that is electrically connected to the transistor 300 (1). Further, the conductor 632 is electrically connected to the transistor 300 (1) via the conductor 631.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a semiconductor device configured on the substrate 311.
- the conductor 632 has, for example, a function as an electrode pad for connecting a circuit provided on a chip different from the configuration provided on the substrate 311 by bump, wire bonding, clip bonding, or the like.
- FIG. 14 shows an example in which the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 8 is arranged on the printed circuit board 638 via bumps 637.
- the surface on which the conductor 632 is exposed and the printed circuit board 638 are arranged so as to face each other via the bump 637.
- the resin layer 641 may be provided on the back surface electrode 318.
- FIG. 15 shows an example in which the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 8 is arranged on the printed circuit board 638 and the conductor 632 is connected to another chip by wire bonding.
- the conductor 632 is arranged on the printed circuit board 638 with the exposed surface as the upper surface.
- the surface on which the back surface electrode 318 is provided and the printed circuit board 638 are arranged so as to face each other via the resin layer 639.
- a wire 642 is bonded to the conductor 632.
- the conductor 632 is provided so as to overlap the conductor connected to the low resistance region (for example, the low resistance region 314a or the low resistance region 314b) of the transistor 300, so that the conductor between the transistor 300 and the conductor 632 is provided.
- the resistance between the transistor 300 (1) and the conductor 632 can be shortened, and more specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, at least the conductor 328b and the conductor 328. It is preferable that the conductor 632 is provided so as to overlap with any of them. Further, it is preferable that the conductor 356 and the conductor 518 are each provided so that at least a part thereof overlaps with the conductor 632.
- each wiring more specifically, for example, the insulator 326, The thickness of the conductor provided on the insulator 354, the insulator 516, etc., and the conductor 632 can be reduced. Therefore, in the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 8, the semiconductor element can be miniaturized.
- a large-capacity assembled battery may be connected to the power storage device of one aspect of the present invention. Further, in the assembled battery connected to the power storage device of one aspect of the present invention, rapid charging, rapid discharging, etc. may be performed. Therefore, a large current may flow through the transistor 300.
- the amount of heat generated by the transistor 300 may increase.
- the fluctuation of the characteristic with respect to the temperature change can be suppressed. Therefore, by using the OS transistor as the transistor 500, the semiconductor device can be operated stably even when the heat generation amount of the transistor 300 becomes large.
- a layer 585 having a transistor 500 is provided on the substrate 311b, a conductor 610b, a conductor 631 and the like are provided on the layer 585, and insulation is provided on the conductor 631 and the like.
- a conductor 632 provided so as to be embedded in the body 901 and the insulator 901 is provided, a configuration having a layer 385 is provided as a second structure, and the insulator 322 is insulated from the insulator 322 of the layer 385. It has a laminated structure of the insulator 902 on the body 322, and has a structure in which the first structure and the second structure are bonded together.
- the transistor 300 (1) and the transistor 300 (2) are provided on the substrate 311.
- the conductor 328 provided on the low resistance region such as the transistor 300 (1) is provided so as to be embedded in the insulator 320, the insulator 322, and the insulator 902.
- the insulator 902 and the conductor 328 have a function as a bonding surface.
- an insulator 322b is provided on the substrate 311b.
- the description of the substrate 311 can be referred to.
- the description of the insulator 322 can be referred to.
- the configuration above the insulator 324 shown in FIG. 8 is provided. After that, an insulator 901 and a conductor 632 provided so as to be embedded in the insulator 901 are provided on the conductor 631 and the like.
- the surface on which the insulator 901 and the conductor 632 are exposed and the surface on which the insulator 902 and the conductor 328 are exposed are bonded together.
- the substrate 311 is polished and thinned. After that, the low resistance region 317 is provided on the polished surface of the polished substrate 311. After that, the back surface electrode 318 is formed.
- the distance between the low resistance region 314a, the low resistance region 314b, etc. and the low resistance region 317 can be shortened, and in the transistors 300 (1) and 300 (2), , The resistance between source and drain can be reduced.
- the strength of the semiconductor device can be maintained because it has a sufficient thickness when combined with the thickness of the substrate 311b.
- the conductor 903 is provided so as to penetrate the substrate 311b and the insulator 322b, and the configuration of the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 12 is obtained.
- the conductor 903 may be provided before bonding. Further, the substrate 311b may be polished to be thin before the conductor 903 is provided.
- the surface on which the conductor 903 is exposed and the printed circuit board 638 are arranged so as to face each other via the bump 637. Further, as shown in FIG. 18, it is preferable to further provide the conductor 903b on the conductor 903.
- the conductor 328 and the conductor 632 are metal elements having the same main components. Further, it is preferable that the insulator 901 and the insulator 902 are composed of the same components.
- Cu, Al, Sn, Zn, W, Ag, Pt, Au, or the like can be used for the conductor 328 and the conductor 632.
- Cu, Al, W, or Au is preferably used because of the ease of joining.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, titanium nitride and the like can be used as the insulator 901 and the insulator 902.
- the conductor 328 and the conductor 632 may have a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers, and in that case, the surface layer (bonding surface) may be the same metal material. Further, the insulator 901 and the insulator 902 may also have a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers, and in that case, the insulating material may have the same surface layer (bonding surface).
- the electrical connection between the conductor 328 and the conductor 632 can be satisfactorily obtained. Further, it is possible to obtain a connection having sufficient mechanical strength of the insulator 901 and the insulator 902.
- a surface-activated bonding method can be used in which the oxide film on the surface and the adsorption layer of impurities are removed by sputtering or the like, and the cleaned and activated surfaces are brought into contact with each other for bonding. ..
- a diffusion bonding method or the like in which surfaces are bonded to each other by using both temperature and pressure can be used. In both cases, bonding at the atomic level occurs, so that excellent bonding can be obtained not only electrically but also mechanically.
- the surfaces treated with hydrophilicity by oxygen plasma or the like are brought into contact with each other for temporary bonding, and then main bonding is performed by dehydration by heat treatment.
- a joining method or the like can be used. Since the hydrophilic bonding method also causes bonding at the atomic level, it is possible to obtain mechanically excellent bonding.
- a surface activation bonding method and a hydrophilic bonding method may be combined.
- a method can be used in which the surface is cleaned after polishing, the surface of the metal layer is subjected to an antioxidant treatment, and then a hydrophilic treatment is performed to join the metal layer.
- the surface of the metal layer may be made of a refractory metal such as Au and subjected to hydrophilic treatment.
- a joining method other than the above-mentioned method may be used.
- FIG. 8A shows an example of a D-MOSFET in which the transistor 300 (1) and the transistor 300 (2) have a planar structure
- FIG. 10B shows the transistor 300 (1) and the transistor (2). Shows an example of a D-MOSFET having a trench structure.
- the conductor 316 that functions as a gate is formed in a trench provided between the low resistance region 314a and the low resistance region 314b.
- An insulator 315 that functions as a gate insulator is formed between the low resistance region 314a and the low resistance region 314b and the conductor 316.
- FIG. 10B shows an example in which electrodes, plugs, etc. of the conductor 328b, the conductor 328, etc. are electrically connected to the low resistance region 314a and the low resistance region 314b, respectively.
- An example is shown in which the body 328c is electrically connected to a plurality of low resistance regions.
- the conductor 328c preferably has a shape that covers at least a part of each of the plurality of low resistance regions. Further, it is preferable that the conductor 328c overlaps with at least a part of each of the plurality of low resistance regions.
- an insulator 320 is provided on the conductor 316, and the insulator 320 has a function of separating the conductivity between the conductor 316 and the conductor 328c.
- the area of the integrated circuit is preferably reduced to 0.5 times or less, and more preferably 0.4 times or less.
- Metal Oxide As the oxide 530, it is preferable to use a metal oxide that functions as an oxide semiconductor. Hereinafter, the metal oxide applicable to the oxide 530 according to the present invention will be described.
- the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium or zinc. In particular, it preferably contains indium and zinc. In addition to them, gallium, yttrium, tin and the like are preferably contained. Further, one kind or a plurality of kinds selected from boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium and the like may be contained.
- the metal oxide is an In-M-Zn oxide having indium, the element M, and zinc.
- the element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, or tin.
- elements applicable to the other element M include boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and magnesium.
- the element M a plurality of the above-mentioned elements may be combined in some cases.
- a metal oxide having nitrogen may also be collectively referred to as a metal oxide. Further, a metal oxide having nitrogen may be referred to as a metal oxynitride.
- Oxide semiconductors are divided into single crystal oxide semiconductors and other non-single crystal oxide semiconductors.
- the non-single crystal oxide semiconductor include CAAC-OS, polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, nc-OS (nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor), pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like OS: amorphous-like oxide semiconductor), and the like. And amorphous oxide semiconductors.
- CAAC-OS has a c-axis orientation and has a distorted crystal structure in which a plurality of nanocrystals are connected in the ab plane direction.
- the strain refers to a region where the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region in which the lattice arrangement is aligned and a region in which another lattice arrangement is aligned in the region where a plurality of nanocrystals are connected.
- Nanocrystals are basically hexagons, but they are not limited to regular hexagons and may be non-regular hexagons. In addition, in distortion, it may have a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon and a heptagon. In CAAC-OS, it is difficult to confirm a clear grain boundary (also referred to as grain boundary) even in the vicinity of strain. That is, it can be seen that the formation of grain boundaries is suppressed by the distortion of the lattice arrangement. This is because CAAC-OS can tolerate distortion due to the fact that the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the ab plane direction and the bond distance between atoms changes due to the substitution of metal elements. Is.
- CAAC-OS is a layered crystal in which a layer having indium and oxygen (hereinafter, In layer) and a layer having elements M, zinc, and oxygen (hereinafter, (M, Zn) layer) are laminated. It tends to have a structure (also called a layered structure). Indium and the element M can be replaced with each other, and when the element M of the (M, Zn) layer is replaced with indium, it can be expressed as the (In, M, Zn) layer. Further, when the indium of the In layer is replaced with the element M, it can be expressed as the (In, M) layer.
- CAAC-OS is a highly crystalline metal oxide.
- CAAC-OS it is difficult to confirm a clear crystal grain boundary, so it can be said that a decrease in electron mobility due to the crystal grain boundary is unlikely to occur.
- CAAC-OS since the crystallinity of the metal oxide may be lowered due to the mixing of impurities and the generation of defects, CAAC-OS can be said to be a metal oxide having few impurities and defects (oxygen deficiency, etc.). Therefore, the metal oxide having CAAC-OS has stable physical properties. Therefore, the metal oxide having CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability.
- the nc-OS has periodicity in the atomic arrangement in a minute region (for example, a region of 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly a region of 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less).
- nc-OS does not show regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, no orientation is observed in the entire film. Therefore, nc-OS may be indistinguishable from a-like OS or amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on the analysis method.
- In-Ga-Zn oxide which is a kind of metal oxide having indium, gallium, and zinc, may have a stable structure by forming the above-mentioned nanocrystals. be.
- IGZO tends to have difficulty in crystal growth in the atmosphere, it is preferable to use smaller crystals (for example, the above-mentioned nanocrystals) than large crystals (here, a few mm crystal or a few cm crystal). However, it may be structurally stable.
- the a-like OS is a metal oxide having a structure between the nc-OS and the amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- the a-like OS has a void or low density region. That is, a-like OS has lower crystallinity than nc-OS and CAAC-OS.
- Oxide semiconductors have various structures, and each has different characteristics.
- the oxide semiconductor of one aspect of the present invention may have two or more of amorphous oxide semiconductor, polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, a-like OS, nc-OS, and CAAC-OS.
- Impurities mixed in oxide semiconductors may form defect levels or oxygen deficiencies. Therefore, when impurities are mixed in the channel formation region of the oxide semiconductor, the electrical characteristics of the transistor using the oxide semiconductor are likely to fluctuate, and the reliability may be lowered. Further, when the channel formation region contains oxygen deficiency, the transistor tends to have a normally-on characteristic.
- the above defect level may include a trap level.
- the charge captured at the trap level of the metal oxide takes a long time to disappear and may behave as if it were a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor having a metal oxide having a high trap level density in the channel forming region may have unstable electrical characteristics.
- the crystallinity of the channel forming region may be lowered, or the crystallinity of the oxide provided in contact with the channel forming region may be lowered. Poor crystallinity in the channel formation region tends to reduce the stability or reliability of the transistor. Further, if the crystallinity of the oxide provided in contact with the channel forming region is low, an interface state may be formed and the stability or reliability of the transistor may be lowered.
- Impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon and the like.
- the concentration of the above-mentioned impurities obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in the channel formation region of the oxide semiconductor and its vicinity is 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less. , Preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the concentration of the impurities obtained by elemental analysis using EDX in the channel formation region of the oxide semiconductor and its vicinity is set to 1.0 atomic% or less.
- the concentration ratio of the impurities to the element M in the channel formation region of the oxide semiconductor and its vicinity is set to less than 0.10, preferably 0.05. To less than.
- the concentration of the element M used in calculating the concentration ratio may be the concentration in the same region as the region in which the concentration of the impurities is calculated, or may be the concentration in the oxide semiconductor.
- the metal oxide with reduced impurity concentration has a low defect level density, so the trap level density may also be low.
- V O H acts as a donor, sometimes electrons serving as carriers are generated.
- a part of hydrogen may be combined with oxygen that is bonded to a metal atom to generate an electron as a carrier.
- a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing a large amount of hydrogen tends to have a normally-on characteristic. Further, since hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor easily moves due to stress such as heat and electric field, if the oxide semiconductor contains a large amount of hydrogen, the reliability of the transistor may decrease.
- the highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic it is preferable that the highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic.
- the V O H to obtain a sufficiently reduced oxide semiconductor, the moisture in the oxide semiconductor, to remove impurities such as hydrogen (dehydration, may be described as dehydrogenation.) It is important to supply oxygen to the oxide semiconductor to compensate for the oxygen deficiency (sometimes referred to as dehydrogenation treatment).
- the V O H oxide semiconductor impurity is sufficiently reduced such by using a channel formation region of the transistor, it is possible to have stable electrical characteristics.
- an oxide semiconductor having a low carrier concentration for the transistor it is preferable to use an oxide semiconductor having a low carrier concentration for the transistor.
- the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor may be lowered and the defect level density may be lowered.
- a low impurity concentration and a low defect level density is referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic.
- impurities in the oxide semiconductor include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, iron, nickel, silicon and the like.
- hydrogen contained in an oxide semiconductor reacts with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to form water, which may form an oxygen deficiency in the oxide semiconductor. If the channel formation region in the oxide semiconductor contains oxygen deficiency, the transistor may have a normally-on characteristic.
- a defect containing hydrogen in an oxygen deficiency may function as a donor and generate electrons as carriers.
- a part of hydrogen may be combined with oxygen that is bonded to a metal atom to generate an electron as a carrier. Therefore, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing a large amount of hydrogen tends to have a normally-on characteristic.
- Defects containing hydrogen to an oxygen vacancy (V O H) can function as a donor of the oxide semiconductor.
- the carrier concentration may be evaluated instead of the donor concentration. Therefore, in the present specification and the like, as a parameter of the oxide semiconductor, a carrier concentration assuming a state in which an electric field is not applied may be used instead of the donor concentration. That is, the "carrier concentration" described in the present specification and the like may be paraphrased as the "donor concentration".
- the hydrogen concentration obtained by SIMS is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm. Less than 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 .
- the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor in the channel formation region is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm -3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm -3 , and 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm -3. It is more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm -3 , even more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 12 cm -3.
- the lower limit of the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor in the channel formation region is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 -9 cm -3 .
- a semiconductor device having good reliability it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having good electrical characteristics. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having a large on-current. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device capable of miniaturization or high integration. Another object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device having low power consumption.
- the semiconductor material that can be used for the oxide 530 is not limited to the above-mentioned metal oxide.
- a semiconductor material having a bandgap (a semiconductor material that is not a zero-gap semiconductor) may be used.
- a semiconductor of a single element such as silicon, a compound semiconductor such as gallium arsenide, a layered substance (also referred to as an atomic layer substance, a two-dimensional material, or the like) that functions as a semiconductor as a semiconductor material.
- a layered substance also referred to as an atomic layer substance, a two-dimensional material, or the like
- the layered substance is a general term for a group of materials having a layered crystal structure.
- a layered crystal structure is a structure in which layers formed by covalent or ionic bonds are laminated via bonds that are weaker than covalent or ionic bonds, such as van der Waals forces.
- the layered material has high electrical conductivity in the unit layer, that is, high two-dimensional electrical conductivity.
- Chalcogenides are compounds containing chalcogens.
- chalcogen is a general term for elements belonging to Group 16, and includes oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium, and livermorium.
- Examples of chalcogenides include transition metal chalcogenides and group 13 chalcogenides.
- oxide 530 for example, it is preferable to use a transition metal chalcogenide that functions as a semiconductor.
- Specific transition metal chalcogenides applicable as oxide 530 include molybdenum sulfide (typically MoS 2 ), molybdenum disulfide (typically MoSe 2 ), and molybdenum tellurium (typically MoTe 2 ).
- Tungsten sulfide typically WS 2
- Tungsten disulfide typically WSe 2
- Tungsten tellurium typically WTe 2
- Hafnium sulfide typically HfS 2
- Hafnium serene typically typically
- Typical examples include HfSe 2 ), zirconium sulfide (typically ZrS 2 ), and zirconium selenium (typically ZrSe 2 ).
- FIG. 1204 an example of a chip 1204 on which the semiconductor device of the present invention is mounted is shown with reference to FIG.
- a plurality of circuits (systems) are mounted on the chip 1204.
- SoC system on chip
- FIG. 19 shows an example in which a plurality of chips are provided on a printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board: PCB) 1203.
- a circuit 1201 is provided on the printed circuit board 1203.
- the circuit 1201 is provided with a battery control circuit according to an aspect of the present invention.
- a plurality of bumps 1202 are provided on the back surface of the circuit 1201 and are connected to the printed circuit board 1203.
- the battery control circuit By providing the battery control circuit using the configuration of the semiconductor device according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a plurality of circuits on the same chip. By providing the battery control circuit using the configuration of the semiconductor device according to one aspect of the present invention, the number of chips in the electronic component can be reduced. For example, the circuit 101a and the circuit 101b shown in the above embodiment can be provided on the same chip.
- circuit operation can be performed stably even in an environment with vibration. Further, by mechanically and firmly making a strong connection between the chip and the connection electrode of the printed circuit board using the bump and making an electrical connection surely, it is possible to further make the structure resistant to vibration. Therefore, for example, it is suitable for an electronic component mounted on a vehicle.
- the battery control circuit using the configuration of the semiconductor device according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to integrate the chips, so that the battery control circuit is occupied in the portable terminal and various other electronic devices. Since the volume can be reduced, the electronic device can be miniaturized. Further, by downsizing the control circuit, the volume occupied by the battery can be increased. As a result, the duration of the storage battery can be extended. Further, the power consumption may be reduced by downsizing the control circuit.
- the printed circuit board 1203 is provided with an integrated circuit 1223 as a second circuit.
- the integrated circuit 1223 has a function of giving a control signal, a power source, and the like to the circuit 1201.
- the printed circuit board 1203 may be provided with a circuit 1225 as a circuit having a function of performing wireless communication.
- the integrated circuit 1223 may have one or more of a function of performing image processing and a function of performing product-sum calculation.
- the integrated circuit 1223 may have an analog arithmetic unit.
- the analog arithmetic unit may have one or both of an A / D (analog / digital) conversion circuit and a D / A (digital / analog) conversion circuit.
- the cylindrical secondary battery 400 has a positive electrode cap (battery lid) 401 on the upper surface and a battery can (outer can) 402 on the side surface and the bottom surface.
- the positive electrode cap 401 and the battery can (outer can) 402 are insulated by a gasket (insulating packing) 410.
- FIG. 20B is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of a cylindrical secondary battery.
- the cylindrical secondary battery shown in FIG. 20B has a positive electrode cap (battery lid) 401 on the upper surface and a battery can (outer can) 402 on the side surface and the bottom surface.
- the positive electrode cap and the battery can (outer can) 402 are insulated by a gasket (insulating packing) 410.
- a battery element in which a strip-shaped positive electrode 604 and a negative electrode 606 are wound with a separator 605 sandwiched between them is provided inside the hollow cylindrical battery can 402.
- the battery element is wound around the center pin.
- One end of the battery can 402 is closed and the other end is open.
- a metal such as nickel, aluminum, or titanium, which is corrosion resistant to an electrolytic solution, or an alloy thereof, or an alloy between these and another metal (for example, stainless steel, etc.) may be used. can. Further, in order to prevent corrosion by the electrolytic solution, it is preferable to coat the battery can 402 with nickel, aluminum or the like.
- a battery element in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator are wound is sandwiched between a pair of insulating plates 608 and 609 facing each other. Further, a non-aqueous electrolytic solution (not shown) is injected into the inside of the battery can 402 provided with the battery element.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution the same one as that of a coin-type secondary battery can be used.
- a positive electrode terminal (positive electrode current collecting lead) 603 is connected to the positive electrode 604, and a negative electrode terminal (negative electrode current collecting lead) 607 is connected to the negative electrode 606.
- a metal material such as aluminum can be used for both the positive electrode terminal 603 and the negative electrode terminal 607.
- the positive electrode terminal 603 is resistance welded to the safety valve mechanism 613, and the negative electrode terminal 607 is resistance welded to the bottom of the battery can 402.
- the safety valve mechanism 613 is electrically connected to the positive electrode cap 401 via a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) element 611.
- the safety valve mechanism 613 disconnects the electrical connection between the positive electrode cap 401 and the positive electrode 604 when the increase in the internal pressure of the battery exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
- the PTC element 611 is a heat-sensitive resistance element whose resistance increases when the temperature rises, and the amount of current is limited by the increase in resistance to prevent abnormal heat generation.
- Barium titanate (BaTIO 3 ) -based semiconductor ceramics or the like can be used as the PTC element.
- FIG. 20C shows an example of the power storage device 415.
- the power storage device 415 has a plurality of secondary batteries 400.
- the positive electrode of each secondary battery is in contact with the conductor 424 separated by the insulator 425 and is electrically connected.
- the conductor 424 is electrically connected to the control circuit 420 via the wiring 423.
- the negative electrode of each secondary battery is electrically connected to the control circuit 420 via the wiring 426.
- the control circuit 420 the battery control circuit described in the previous embodiment can be used.
- FIG. 20D shows an example of the power storage device 415.
- the power storage device 415 has a plurality of secondary batteries 400, and the plurality of secondary batteries 400 are sandwiched between the conductive plate 413 and the conductive plate 414.
- the plurality of secondary batteries 400 are electrically connected to the conductive plate 413 and the conductive plate 414 by wiring 416.
- the plurality of secondary batteries 400 may be connected in parallel, may be connected in series, or may be connected in parallel and then further connected in series.
- the battery cell 121 corresponds to a plurality of secondary batteries connected in parallel, and one cell balance circuit 130 is connected in parallel. It is electrically connected to multiple secondary batteries.
- a temperature control device may be provided between the plurality of secondary batteries 400.
- the secondary battery 400 When the secondary battery 400 is overheated, it can be cooled by the temperature control device, and when the secondary battery 400 is too cold, it can be heated by the temperature control device. Therefore, the performance of the power storage device 415 is less likely to be affected by the outside air temperature.
- the power storage device 415 is electrically connected to the control circuit 420 via the wiring 421 and the wiring 422.
- the control circuit 420 the battery control circuit described in the previous embodiment can be used.
- the wiring 421 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the plurality of secondary batteries 400 via the conductive plate 413
- the wiring 422 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the plurality of secondary batteries 400 via the conductive plate 414.
- a secondary battery 913 having a winding body 950a as shown in FIGS. 30A to 30C may be used.
- the wound body 950a shown in FIG. 30A has a negative electrode 931, a positive electrode 932, and a separator 933.
- the negative electrode 931 has a negative electrode active material layer 931a.
- the positive electrode 932 has a positive electrode active material layer 932a.
- the separator 933 has a wider width than the negative electrode active material layer 931a and the positive electrode active material layer 932a, and is wound so as to overlap the negative electrode active material layer 931a and the positive electrode active material layer 932a. Further, it is preferable that the width of the negative electrode active material layer 931a is wider than that of the positive electrode active material layer 932a from the viewpoint of safety. Further, the wound body 950a having such a shape is preferable because of its good safety and productivity.
- the negative electrode 931 is electrically connected to the terminal 951.
- the terminal 951 is electrically connected to the terminal 911a.
- the positive electrode 932 is electrically connected to the terminal 952.
- the terminal 952 is electrically connected to the terminal 911b.
- the winding body 950a and the electrolytic solution are covered with the housing 930 to form the secondary battery 913.
- the housing 930 is provided with a safety valve, an overcurrent protection element, or the like.
- the secondary battery 913 may have a plurality of winding bodies 950a. By using a plurality of winding bodies 950a, it is possible to obtain a secondary battery 913 having a larger charge / discharge capacity.
- Other elements of the secondary battery 913 shown in FIGS. 30A and 30B can take into account the description of the secondary battery 913 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 21A is a diagram showing the appearance of the secondary battery pack 531.
- FIG. 21B is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the secondary battery pack 531.
- the secondary battery pack 531 includes a circuit board 501 and a secondary battery 513. A label 509 is affixed to the secondary battery 513.
- the circuit board 501 is fixed by a seal 515. Further, the secondary battery pack 531 has an antenna 517.
- the circuit board 501 has a control circuit 590.
- the control circuit 590 the battery control circuit shown in the previous embodiment can be used.
- the control circuit 590 is provided on the circuit board 501.
- the circuit board 501 is electrically connected to the terminal 511.
- the circuit board 501 is electrically connected to the antenna 517, one 551 of the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead of the secondary battery 513, and the other 552 of the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead.
- the secondary battery pack has a circuit system 590a provided on the circuit board 501 and a circuit system 590b electrically connected to the circuit board 501 via the terminal 511.
- a part of the control circuit of one aspect of the present invention is provided in the circuit system 590a, and another part of the control circuit of one aspect of the present invention is provided in the circuit system 590b.
- the antenna 517 is not limited to a coil shape, and may be, for example, a linear shape or a plate shape. Further, antennas such as a flat antenna, an open surface antenna, a traveling wave antenna, an EH antenna, a magnetic field antenna, and a dielectric antenna may be used. Alternatively, the antenna 517 may be a flat conductor. This flat conductor can function as one of the conductors for electric field coupling. That is, the antenna 517 may function as one of the two conductors of the capacitor. As a result, electric power can be exchanged not only by an electromagnetic field and a magnetic field but also by an electric field.
- the secondary battery pack 531 has a layer 519 between the antenna 517 and the secondary battery 513.
- the layer 519 has a function capable of shielding the electromagnetic field generated by the secondary battery 513, for example.
- a magnetic material can be used as the layer 519.
- the secondary battery 513 is, for example, a battery in which a negative electrode and a positive electrode are overlapped and laminated with a separator sandwiched between them, and the laminated sheet is wound.
- HV hybrid vehicle
- EV electric vehicle
- PSV plug-in hybrid vehicle
- FIG. 22 illustrates a vehicle using a power storage device, which is one aspect of the present invention.
- the automobile 8400 shown in FIG. 22A is an electric vehicle that uses an electric motor as a power source for traveling. Alternatively, it is a hybrid vehicle in which an electric motor and an engine can be appropriately selected and used as a power source for driving. By using one aspect of the present invention, a vehicle having a long cruising range can be realized.
- the automobile 8400 has a power storage device.
- the power storage device can not only drive the electric motor 8406, but also supply electric power to a light emitting device such as a headlight 8401 and a room light (not shown).
- the power storage device can supply electric power to display devices such as speedometers and tachometers of the automobile 8400.
- the power storage device can supply electric power to the navigation system and the like of the automobile 8400.
- the automobile 8500 shown in FIG. 22B can charge the power storage device 8024 of the automobile 8500 by receiving electric power from an external charging facility by one or more methods such as a plug-in method and a non-contact power supply method.
- FIG. 22B shows a state in which the power storage device 8024 mounted on the automobile 8500 is being charged from the ground-mounted charging device 8021 via the cable 8022.
- the charging method, connector specifications, etc. may be appropriately performed by a predetermined method such as CHAdeMO (registered trademark) or combo.
- the charging device 8021 may be a charging station provided in a commercial facility or a household power source.
- the plug-in technology can charge the power storage device 8024 mounted on the automobile 8500 by supplying electric power from the outside. Charging can be performed by converting AC power into DC power via a conversion device such as an ACDC converter.
- a power receiving device on the vehicle and supply electric power from a ground power transmission device in a non-contact manner to charge the vehicle.
- this non-contact power supply system by incorporating a power transmission device on the road or the outer wall, it is possible to charge the battery not only while the vehicle is stopped but also while the vehicle is running.
- the non-contact power feeding method may be used to transmit and receive electric power between vehicles.
- a solar cell may be provided on the exterior of the vehicle to charge the power storage device when the vehicle is stopped or running. An electromagnetic induction method and a magnetic field resonance method can be used for such non-contact power supply.
- FIG. 22C is an example of a two-wheeled vehicle using the power storage device of one aspect of the present invention.
- the scooter 8600 shown in FIG. 22C includes a power storage device 8602, a side mirror 8601, and a turn signal 8603.
- the power storage device 8602 can supply electricity to the turn signal 8603.
- the scooter 8600 shown in FIG. 22C can store the power storage device 8602 in the storage under the seat 8604.
- the power storage device 8602 can be stored in the under-seat storage 8604 even if the under-seat storage 8604 is small.
- FIG. 23A is an example of an electric bicycle using the power storage device of one aspect of the present invention.
- One aspect of the power storage device of the present invention can be applied to the electric bicycle 8700 shown in FIG. 23A.
- the power storage device of one aspect of the present invention includes, for example, a plurality of storage batteries, a protection circuit, and a neural network.
- the electric bicycle 8700 is equipped with a power storage device 8702.
- the power storage device 8702 can supply electricity to a motor that assists the driver. Further, the power storage device 8702 is portable, and FIG. 23B shows a state in which the power storage device 8702 is removed from the bicycle. Further, the power storage device 8702 incorporates a plurality of storage batteries 8701 included in the power storage device of one aspect of the present invention, and the remaining battery level and the like can be displayed on the display unit 8703. Further, the power storage device 8702 has a control circuit 8704 according to an aspect of the present invention. The control circuit 8704 is electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the storage battery 8701. As the control circuit 8704, the battery control circuit shown in the previous embodiment can be used.
- FIGS. 24A and 24B show an example of a tablet terminal (including a clamshell terminal) that can be folded in half.
- the tablet terminal 9600 shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B has a housing 9630a, a housing 9630b, a movable portion 9640 connecting the housing 9630a and the housing 9630b, a display unit 9631, a display mode changeover switch 9626, a power switch 9627, and a saving. It has a power mode changeover switch 9625, a fastener 9629, and an operation switch 9628.
- FIG. 24A shows a state in which the tablet terminal 9600 is opened
- FIG. 24B shows a state in which the tablet terminal 9600 is closed.
- the tablet terminal 9600 has a power storage body 9635 inside the housing 9630a and the housing 9630b.
- the power storage body 9635 passes through the movable portion 9640 and is provided over the housing 9630a and the housing 9630b.
- a part of the display unit 9631 can be used as a touch panel area, and data can be input by touching the displayed operation keys. Further, the keyboard button can be displayed on the display unit 9631 by touching the position where the keyboard display switching button on the touch panel is displayed with a finger or a stylus.
- the display mode changeover switch 9626 can switch the display direction such as vertical display or horizontal display, and can select switching between black and white display and color display.
- the power saving mode changeover switch 9625 can optimize the brightness of the display according to the amount of external light during use detected by the optical sensor built in the tablet terminal 9600.
- the tablet terminal may incorporate not only an optical sensor but also other detection devices such as a gyro, an acceleration sensor, and other sensors that detect the inclination.
- FIG. 24B shows a state in which the tablet terminal is closed, and the tablet terminal 9600 has a housing 9630, a solar cell 9633, and a power storage device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- the power storage device includes a control circuit 9634 and a power storage body 9635.
- the control circuit 9634 the battery control circuit shown in the previous embodiment can be used.
- the tablet terminal 9600 can be folded in two, it can be folded so that the housing 9630a and the housing 9630b are overlapped when not in use. Since the display unit 9631 can be protected by folding, the durability of the tablet terminal 9600 can be improved.
- the tablet-type terminals shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B have a function of displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.), a function of displaying a calendar, a date, a time, etc. on the display unit.
- a touch input function for touch input operation or editing of information displayed on the display unit, a function for controlling processing by various software (programs), and the like can be provided.
- Electric power can be supplied to a touch panel, a display unit, a video signal processing unit, or the like by a solar cell 9633 mounted on the surface of a tablet terminal.
- the solar cell 9633 can be provided on one side or both sides of the housing 9630, and can be configured to efficiently charge the power storage body 9635.
- FIGS. 24A and 24B have described a configuration in which a control circuit using the battery control circuit shown in the previous embodiment is applied to a tablet terminal that can be folded in half
- FIG. 24C it can be applied to a notebook personal computer which is a clamshell type terminal.
- a notebook personal computer 9601 having a display unit 9631 on the housing 9630a and a keyboard unit 9650 on the housing 9630b is shown.
- the notebook personal computer 9601 includes a control circuit 9634 described with reference to FIGS. 24A and 24B, and a power storage body 9635.
- the control circuit 9634 the battery control circuit shown in the previous embodiment can be used.
- FIG. 25 shows an example of another electronic device.
- the display device 8000 is an example of an electronic device that implements the power storage device of one aspect of the present invention.
- the display device 8000 corresponds to a display device for receiving TV broadcasts, and includes a housing 8001, a display unit 8002, a speaker unit 8003, a secondary battery 8004, and the like.
- the detection system according to one aspect of the present invention is provided inside the housing 8001.
- the display device 8000 can be supplied with electric power from a commercial power source, or can use the electric power stored in the secondary battery 8004.
- the display unit 8002 includes a light emitting device equipped with a light emitting element such as a liquid crystal display device and an organic EL element in each pixel, an electrophoresis display device, a DMD (Digital Micromirror Device), a PDP (Plasma Display Panel), and a FED (Field Emission Display). ), Etc., a semiconductor display device can be used.
- a light emitting element such as a liquid crystal display device and an organic EL element in each pixel
- an electrophoresis display device such as a liquid crystal display device and an organic EL element in each pixel
- a DMD Digital Micromirror Device
- PDP Plasma Display Panel
- FED Field Emission Display
- the voice input device 8005 also uses a secondary battery.
- the voice input device 8005 has the power storage device shown in the previous embodiment.
- the voice input device 8005 has a plurality of sensors including a microphone (optical sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, illuminance sensor, motion sensor, etc.) in addition to the wireless communication element, and other sensors can be used according to the words commanded by the user. It is possible to operate the power supply of the device, for example, the display device 8000, adjust the amount of light of the lighting device 8100, and the like.
- the voice input device 8005 can operate peripheral devices by voice and is an alternative to a manual remote controller.
- the voice input device 8005 has a wheel or a mechanical moving means, moves in a direction in which the user's utterance can be heard, accurately listens to a command with a built-in microphone, and displays the content thereof. It is configured so that it can be displayed on 8008 or the touch input operation of the display unit 8008 can be performed.
- the voice input device 8005 can also function as a charging dock for a mobile information terminal 8009 such as a smartphone.
- the personal digital assistant 8009 and the voice input device 8005 can transfer and receive electric power by wire or wirelessly.
- the portable information terminal 8009 does not need to be carried indoors in particular, and it is desired to prevent the secondary battery from being overloaded and deteriorated while securing the required capacity. Therefore, the voice input device 8005 manages the secondary battery. It is desirable to be able to perform maintenance. Further, since the voice input device 8005 has a speaker 8007 and a microphone, it is possible to have a hands-free conversation even when the portable information terminal 8009 is being charged. If the capacity of the secondary battery of the voice input device 8005 decreases, the battery may move in the direction of the arrow and be charged by wireless charging from the charging module 8010 connected to the external power source.
- the voice input device 8005 may be placed on the table. Further, the voice input device 8005 may be moved to a desired position by providing wheels or mechanical moving means, or the voice input device 8005 may be placed in a desired position, for example, on the floor, without providing a table and wheels. It may be fixed.
- the display device includes all information display devices such as those for receiving TV broadcasts, those for personal computers, and those for displaying advertisements.
- the stationary lighting device 8100 is an example of an electronic device using a secondary battery 8103 controlled by a microprocessor (including APS) that controls charging.
- the lighting device 8100 includes a housing 8101, a light source 8102, a secondary battery 8103, and the like.
- FIG. 25 illustrates a case where the secondary battery 8103 is provided inside the ceiling 8104 in which the housing 8101 and the light source 8102 are installed, but the secondary battery 8103 is provided inside the housing 8101. It may have been done.
- the lighting device 8100 can be supplied with electric power from a commercial power source, or can use the electric power stored in the secondary battery 8103.
- FIG. 25 illustrates the stationary lighting device 8100 provided on the ceiling 8104
- the secondary battery 8103 is a stationary type provided on a side wall 8105, a floor 8106, a window 8107, or the like other than the ceiling 8104. It can be used for the lighting device of the above, or it can be used for a desktop lighting device or the like.
- an artificial light source that artificially obtains light by using electric power can be used.
- an incandescent lamp, a discharge lamp such as a fluorescent lamp, and a light emitting element such as an LED or an organic EL element can be mentioned as an example of the artificial light source.
- the air conditioner having the indoor unit 8200 and the outdoor unit 8204 is an example of an electronic device using the secondary battery 8203.
- the indoor unit 8200 has a housing 8201, an air outlet 8202, a secondary battery 8203, and the like.
- FIG. 25 illustrates the case where the secondary battery 8203 is provided in the indoor unit 8200, the secondary battery 8203 may be provided in the outdoor unit 8204. Alternatively, the secondary battery 8203 may be provided in both the indoor unit 8200 and the outdoor unit 8204.
- the air conditioner can be supplied with electric power from a commercial power source, or can use the electric power stored in the secondary battery 8203.
- the electric freezer / refrigerator 8300 is an example of an electronic device using the secondary battery 8304.
- the electric freezer / refrigerator 8300 has a housing 8301, a refrigerator door 8302, a freezer door 8303, a secondary battery 8304, and the like.
- the secondary battery 8304 is provided inside the housing 8301.
- the electric refrigerator / freezer 8300 can be supplied with electric power from a commercial power source, or can use the electric power stored in the secondary battery 8304.
- the power usage rate the ratio of the amount of power actually used (called the power usage rate) to the total amount of power that can be supplied by the supply source of commercial power is low.
- the power usage rate By storing power in the next battery, it is possible to suppress an increase in the power usage rate outside the above time zone.
- the electric refrigerator-freezer 8300 electric power is stored in the secondary battery 8304 at night when the temperature is low and the refrigerator door 8302 and the freezer door 8303 are not opened and closed. Then, in the daytime when the temperature rises and the refrigerating room door 8302 and the freezing room door 8303 are opened and closed, the power usage rate in the daytime can be suppressed low by using the secondary battery 8304 as an auxiliary power source.
- secondary batteries can be installed in any electronic device. According to one aspect of the present invention, the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery are improved. Therefore, by mounting a microprocessor (including APS) that controls charging, which is one aspect of the present invention, in the electronic device described in the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain an electronic device having a longer life.
- a microprocessor including APS
- This embodiment can be implemented in combination with other embodiments as appropriate.
- 26A to 26E show examples of mounting the power storage device of one aspect of the present invention on an electronic device.
- electronic devices to which the power storage device of one aspect of the present invention is applied include television devices (also referred to as televisions or television receivers), monitors for computers, digital cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, and mobile phones.
- television devices also referred to as televisions or television receivers
- monitors for computers digital cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, and mobile phones.
- telephones also referred to as mobile phones and mobile phone devices
- portable game machines mobile information terminals
- sound playback devices and large game machines such as pachinko machines.
- FIG. 26A shows an example of a mobile phone.
- the mobile phone 7400 includes an operation button 7403, an external connection port 7404, a speaker 7405, a microphone 7406, and the like, in addition to the display unit 7402 incorporated in the housing 7401.
- the mobile phone 7400 has a power storage device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- the power storage device according to one aspect of the present invention includes, for example, a storage battery 7407 and a battery control circuit shown in the previous embodiment.
- FIG. 26B shows a state in which the mobile phone 7400 is curved.
- the storage battery 7407 provided inside the mobile phone 7400 may also be bent.
- the bent state of the flexible storage battery is shown in FIG. 26C.
- a control circuit 7408 is electrically connected to the storage battery. As the control circuit 7408, the battery control circuit shown in the previous embodiment can be used.
- a storage battery with a flexible shape along the inner and outer walls of houses and buildings, and along the curved surfaces of the interior or exterior of automobiles.
- FIG. 26D shows an example of a bangle type display device.
- the portable display device 7100 includes a housing 7101, a display unit 7102, an operation button 7103, and a power storage device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- the power storage device according to one aspect of the present invention includes, for example, a storage battery 7104 and a battery control circuit shown in the previous embodiment.
- FIG. 26E shows an example of a wristwatch-type mobile information terminal.
- the mobile information terminal 7200 includes a housing 7201, a display unit 7202, a band 7203, a buckle 7204, an operation button 7205, an input / output terminal 7206, and the like.
- the mobile information terminal 7200 can execute various applications such as mobile phone, e-mail, text viewing and creation, music playback, Internet communication, and computer games.
- the display unit 7202 is provided with a curved display surface, and can display along the curved display surface. Further, the display unit 7202 is provided with a touch sensor and can be operated by touching the screen with a finger or a stylus. For example, the application can be started by touching the icon 7207 displayed on the display unit 7202.
- the operation button 7205 can have various functions such as power on / off operation, wireless communication on / off operation, manner mode execution / cancellation, and power saving mode execution / cancellation. ..
- the function of the operation button 7205 can be freely set by the operating system incorporated in the mobile information terminal 7200.
- the mobile information terminal 7200 can execute short-range wireless communication standardized for communication. For example, by communicating with a headset capable of wireless communication, it is possible to make a hands-free call.
- the mobile information terminal 7200 is provided with an input / output terminal 7206, and data can be directly exchanged with another information terminal via a connector. It is also possible to charge via the input / output terminal 7206. The charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply without going through the input / output terminal 7206.
- the portable information terminal 7200 has a power storage device according to one aspect of the present invention.
- the power storage device includes a storage battery and a battery control circuit shown in the previous embodiment.
- the portable information terminal 7200 has a sensor.
- a human body sensor such as a fingerprint sensor, a pulse sensor, and a body temperature sensor, and one or more selected from a touch sensor, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, and the like are preferably mounted.
- the present embodiment describes an example of a system in which the battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention is mounted.
- FIG. 27A is a conceptual diagram of a battery control system in which a semiconductor device 810 formed on a flexible substrate 811 which is a flexible film is mounted on a cylindrical secondary battery 815.
- the semiconductor device 810 for example, the semiconductor device 900 shown in the above embodiment can be applied.
- the semiconductor device 810 for example, a part of the components of the semiconductor device 900 shown in the above embodiment, for example, the components provided in the layer 585 may be applied.
- the battery control system of one aspect of the present invention includes at least a cylindrical secondary battery 815, a semiconductor device 810, and a switch.
- the cylindrical secondary battery 815 has a first terminal 812 on the upper surface and a second terminal 813 on the bottom surface.
- the first transmission line connected to the first terminal 812 of the cylindrical secondary battery and transmitting the electric power output from the cylindrical secondary battery 815 is electrically connected to the terminal of the charge control circuit via the electrode 818. Be connected.
- the second transmission line connected to the second terminal 813 of the cylindrical secondary battery is connected to a switch that cuts off the second transmission line via the electrode 819.
- FIG. 27A two switches (also referred to as cutoff switches) that cut off the second transmission line are provided, and diodes are also connected to each of them to prevent over-discharging, over-charging, or over-current. It functions as a protection circuit.
- the switch controls the conduction and cutoff operations, and can also be called a switching means for switching between supply and cutoff.
- the third terminal 814 which is the other terminal of the second transmission line formed on the flexible substrate 811, is connected to one or more of the charger 816 and the mobile device 817.
- a method of forming the semiconductor device 810 on the semiconductor substrate and then fixing the semiconductor device 810 on the flexible substrate 811 after peeling using a peeling method is used.
- a known technique can be used.
- a method may be used in which the semiconductor substrate is formed, the back surface is polished, and then the semiconductor substrate is fixed on the flexible substrate 811.
- a method of partially cutting with a laser beam, so-called laser cutting, and then fixing on the flexible substrate 811 may be used.
- a method of directly forming the semiconductor device 810 on the flexible substrate 811 may be used.
- a method is used in which the semiconductor device 810 formed on the glass substrate is fixed on the flexible substrate 811 after peeling by using the peeling method.
- the second transmission line can be cut off by inputting a signal to the gate of the switch that cuts off the second transmission line. If the second transmission line is cut off, the supply of current from the charger 816 can be stopped, or the supply of current to the mobile device 817 can be stopped. Further, by holding the signal voltage applied to the gate of the switch that cuts off the second transmission line by a memory circuit (including a transistor using an oxide semiconductor), the cutoff can be maintained for a long time. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a highly safe charge control system.
- FIG. 27B is a process diagram showing a state immediately before bonding the cylindrical secondary battery 815 and the flexible substrate 811, and shows the contact surface side of the flexible substrate 811.
- the body portion of the cylindrical secondary battery 815 is applied to the contact surface of the flexible substrate 811 and rolled, and the flexible substrate 811 is wound and attached in the circumferential direction of the body portion.
- the flexible substrate 811 has the electrodes 818 and 819 arranged side by side in the Y direction, but is not particularly limited, and one of them may be displaced in the X direction.
- FIG. 27C The figure after the upset is shown in FIG. 27C.
- An exterior film is attached so as to cover the outer peripheral surface of the body of the cylindrical secondary battery 815. This exterior film is used to protect the metal can for sealing the internal structure of the secondary battery and to provide insulation with the metal can.
- an insulating sheet may be sandwiched between the electrode 818 and the electrode 819.
- the electrode 818 or the electrode 819 is a conductive tape or a lead wire made of a conductive metal foil or a conductive material, and is connected to the terminal of the cylindrical secondary battery 815 by a known method such as soldering or wire bonding. Connecting. Further, the electrode 818 or the electrode 819 is connected to the terminal of the charge control circuit by a soldering or wire bonding method.
- the cylindrical secondary battery 815 when power is supplied from the cylindrical secondary battery 815 to the mobile device 817, the cylindrical secondary battery 815 is discharged, and the voltage and current at the first terminal 812 and the second terminal 813 are discharged.
- the behavior such as is monitored by the semiconductor device 810, and when an abnormality is detected, the second transmission line is cut off to stop the discharge.
- the mobile device 817 refers to a configuration other than the secondary battery, and the power source for the mobile device 817 is the cylindrical secondary battery 815.
- the mobile device 817 is an electronic device that can be carried around.
- the cylindrical secondary battery 815 when the cylindrical secondary battery 815 is charged by supplying electric power from the charger 816, the cylindrical secondary battery 815 is in a charged state, and the voltage and current at the first terminal 812 and the second terminal 813 are charged. The behavior is monitored by the semiconductor device 810, and when an abnormality is detected, the second transmission line is cut off and charging is stopped.
- the charger 816 refers to a device having an adapter connected to an external power source or a device that transmits power using a wireless signal.
- the charger 816 may be built in the mobile device 817.
- FIG. 27A shows an example of a cylindrical secondary battery, but as a different example, an example in which a semiconductor device 964 formed on a flexible substrate 910, which is a flexible film, is mounted on a flat secondary battery 963. It is shown in FIG. 28A.
- the semiconductor device 964 is formed or fixed on the flexible substrate 910.
- the semiconductor device 964 detects an abnormality such as a micro short circuit. Further, it may have a function as a protection circuit that protects the secondary battery 963 from overcharge, overdischarge and overcurrent.
- the semiconductor device 964 for example, the semiconductor device 900 shown in the above embodiment can be applied.
- the semiconductor device 810 for example, a partial configuration of the semiconductor device 900 shown in the above embodiment, for example, a configuration provided on the layer 585 may be applied.
- an antenna, a receiving circuit, and a rectifier circuit may be provided in addition to the semiconductor device 964. It is also possible to charge the secondary battery 963 in a non-contact manner using an antenna.
- the antenna is not limited to a coil shape, and may be, for example, a linear shape or a plate shape. Further, antennas such as a flat antenna, an open surface antenna, a traveling wave antenna, an EH antenna, a magnetic field antenna, and a dielectric antenna may be used.
- the antenna has a function capable of performing data communication with, for example, an external device. As a communication method between the battery pack and other devices via the antenna, a response method that can be used between the battery pack and other devices such as NFC can be applied.
- connection terminal 911 is electrically connected to the terminals 951 and 952 of the secondary battery 963 via the semiconductor device 964.
- a plurality of connection terminals 911 may be provided, and each of the plurality of connection terminals 911 may be used as a control signal input terminal, a power supply terminal, or the like.
- the battery pack has an insulating sheet layer 916 between the semiconductor device 964 and the secondary battery 963.
- the insulating sheet layer 916 has a function of preventing a short circuit caused by, for example, the secondary battery 963.
- As the insulating sheet layer 916 for example, an organic resin film or an adhesive sheet can be used.
- FIG. 28A shows an example in which the insulating sheet layer 916 is provided on the surface of the housing and the flexible substrate is fixed with the surface on which the semiconductor device 964 is provided inside, but the charging is not particularly limited.
- the connection may be made with the terminal 951 or the terminal 952 with the surface on which the control circuit is formed facing outward. However, in that case, the connection part will be exposed and there is a risk of electrostatic breakdown or short circuit, so care must be taken when assembling.
- the present invention is not particularly limited, and a protection circuit, a cutoff switch, an antenna, a sensor, and the like may be provided on the same substrate.
- the semiconductor device 964 is formed on a flexible substrate, can be bent, and can detect an abnormality such as a micro short circuit of a secondary battery. Further, the semiconductor device according to one aspect of the present invention can be provided on the side surface of the secondary battery, and space saving and reduction in the number of parts used can be realized.
- the cleaning robot 7000 has a secondary battery, a display arranged on the upper surface, a plurality of cameras arranged on the side surface, a brush, operation buttons, various sensors, and the like. Although not shown, the cleaning robot 7000 is provided with tires, suction ports, and the like. The cleaning robot 7000 is self-propelled, can detect dust, and can suck dust from a suction port provided on the lower surface. By applying a semiconductor device equipped with a battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention that is electrically connected to the secondary battery of the cleaning robot 7000, the number of parts used is reduced, and abnormalities such as micro short circuit of the secondary battery are applied. Can be detected.
- the cleaning robot 7000 is equipped with a secondary battery, an illuminance sensor, a microphone, a camera, a speaker, a display, various sensors (infrared sensor, ultrasonic sensor, acceleration sensor, piezo sensor, optical sensor, gyro sensor, etc.), and a moving mechanism.
- a semiconductor device equipped with the battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention can be applied to the secondary battery of the cleaning robot 7000 to control and protect the secondary battery.
- the microphone has a function of detecting acoustic signals such as user's voice and environmental sound.
- the speaker has a function of emitting audio signals such as voice and warning sound.
- the cleaning robot 7000 can analyze the audio signal input via the microphone and emit the necessary audio signal from the speaker. In the cleaning robot 7000, it is possible to communicate with the user by using a microphone and a speaker.
- the camera has a function of capturing the surroundings of the cleaning robot 7000. Further, the cleaning robot 7000 has a function of moving using a moving mechanism.
- the cleaning robot 7000 can capture an image of the surroundings using a camera, analyze the image, and detect the presence or absence of an obstacle when moving.
- the flying object 7120 has a propeller, a camera, a secondary battery, and the like, and has a function of autonomously flying.
- the semiconductor device equipped with the battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention to the secondary battery of the flying object 7120, it is possible to control and protect the secondary battery in addition to weight reduction.
- An electric vehicle 7160 is shown as an example of a moving body.
- the electric vehicle 7160 includes a secondary battery, tires, brakes, a steering device, a camera, and the like.
- a semiconductor device equipped with a battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention connected to a secondary battery of an electric vehicle 7160 the number of parts used is reduced and an abnormality such as a micro short circuit of the secondary battery is detected. be able to.
- the electric vehicle is described as an example of the moving body, but the moving body is not limited to the electric vehicle.
- moving objects include trains, monorails, ships, and flying objects (helishes, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), airplanes, rockets), and books that electrically connect to the secondary batteries of these moving objects.
- the semiconductor device equipped with the battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention it is possible to reduce the number of parts used and detect an abnormality such as a micro short circuit of the secondary battery.
- a cylindrical secondary battery equipped with the semiconductor device 810 and / or a battery pack equipped with the semiconductor device 964 can be incorporated into a smartphone 7210, a PC 7220 (personal computer), a game machine 7240, or the like.
- the semiconductor device 810 attached to the cylindrical secondary battery corresponds to the semiconductor device 810 shown in FIG. 27.
- the semiconductor device 964 attached to the battery pack corresponds to the semiconductor device 964 shown in FIG. 28.
- the smartphone 7210 is an example of a mobile information terminal.
- the smartphone 7210 includes a microphone, a camera, a speaker, various sensors, and a display unit. These peripheral devices are controlled by a semiconductor device equipped with a battery control circuit.
- a semiconductor device equipped with a battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention that is electrically connected to the secondary battery of the smartphone 7210, the number of parts used is reduced, and the secondary battery is controlled and protected. Can be done and safety can be enhanced.
- PC7220 is an example of a notebook PC.
- a semiconductor device equipped with a battery control circuit of one aspect of the present invention that is electrically connected to the secondary battery of a notebook PC, the number of parts used can be reduced, and the secondary battery can be controlled and protected. It can be done and safety can be enhanced.
- the game machine 7240 is an example of a portable game machine.
- the game machine 7260 is an example of a stationary game machine for home use.
- a controller 7262 is connected to the game machine 7260 wirelessly or by wire.
- FIGS. 31A to 31D show examples of mounting the secondary battery in the electronic device described in the previous embodiment.
- Electronic devices to which bendable secondary batteries are applied include, for example, television devices (also called televisions or television receivers), monitors for computers, digital cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones. (Also referred to as a mobile phone or a mobile phone device), a portable game machine, a mobile information terminal, a sound reproduction device, a large game machine such as a pachinko machine, and the like can be mentioned.
- a secondary battery can be applied to a moving body, typically an automobile.
- automobiles include next-generation clean energy vehicles such as hybrid vehicles (HVs), electric vehicles (EVs), and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs), and secondary batteries are used as one of the power sources to be mounted on the vehicles.
- HVs hybrid vehicles
- EVs electric vehicles
- PSVs plug-in hybrid vehicles
- Secondary batteries are used as one of the power sources to be mounted on the vehicles.
- Mobiles are not limited to automobiles.
- examples of moving objects include trains, monorails, ships, flying objects (helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), airplanes, rockets), electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and the like.
- the secondary battery of the embodiment can be applied.
- the secondary battery of the present embodiment may be applied to a ground-mounted charging device provided in a house or a charging station provided in a commercial facility.
- FIG. 31A shows an example of a mobile phone.
- the mobile phone 2100 includes an operation button 2103, an external connection port 2104, a speaker 2105, a microphone 2106, and the like, in addition to the display unit 2102 incorporated in the housing 2101.
- the mobile phone 2100 has a secondary battery 2107.
- the mobile phone 2100 can execute various applications such as mobile phones, e-mails, text viewing and creation, music playback, Internet communication, and computer games.
- the operation button 2103 can have various functions such as power on / off operation, wireless communication on / off operation, manner mode execution / cancellation, and power saving mode execution / cancellation. ..
- the function of the operation button 2103 can be freely set by the operating system incorporated in the mobile phone 2100.
- the mobile phone 2100 can execute short-range wireless communication with communication standards. For example, by communicating with a headset capable of wireless communication, it is possible to make a hands-free call.
- the mobile phone 2100 is provided with an external connection port 2104, and data can be directly exchanged with another information terminal via a connector. It can also be charged via the external connection port 2104. The charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply without going through the external connection port 2104.
- the mobile phone 2100 has a sensor.
- a human body sensor such as a fingerprint sensor, a pulse sensor, or a body temperature sensor, a touch sensor, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, or the like is preferably mounted.
- FIG. 31B is an unmanned aerial vehicle 2300 having a plurality of rotors 2302.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 2300 is sometimes called a drone.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 2300 has a secondary battery 2301, a camera 2303, and an antenna (not shown), which is one aspect of the present invention.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 2300 can be remotely controlled via an antenna. Since the secondary battery of one aspect of the present invention has high safety, it can be used safely for a long period of time, and is suitable as a secondary battery to be mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle 2300.
- the secondary battery 2602 having a plurality of secondary batteries 2601 of one aspect of the present invention can be used as a hybrid vehicle (HV), an electric vehicle (EV), a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHV), or other electronic devices. It may be mounted on a device.
- HV hybrid vehicle
- EV electric vehicle
- PSV plug-in hybrid vehicle
- FIG. 31D shows an example of a vehicle equipped with a secondary battery 2602.
- the vehicle 2603 is an electric vehicle that uses an electric motor as a power source for traveling. Alternatively, it is a hybrid vehicle in which an electric motor and an engine can be appropriately selected and used as a power source for driving.
- the vehicle 2603 using an electric motor has a plurality of ECUs (Electronic Control Units), and the ECU controls the engine and the like.
- the ECU includes a microcomputer.
- the ECU is connected to a CAN (Control Area Area Network) provided in the electric vehicle.
- CAN is one of the serial communication standards used as an in-vehicle LAN.
- the secondary battery can not only drive an electric motor (not shown), but also supply electric power to light emitting devices such as headlights and room lights.
- the secondary battery can supply electric power to display devices such as speedometers, tachometers, and navigation systems, and semiconductor devices included in the vehicle 2603.
- the vehicle 2603 can charge the secondary battery of the secondary battery 2602 by receiving power from an external charging facility by one or more methods such as a plug-in method and a non-contact power supply method.
- FIGS. 32A and 32B An example of the power storage device according to one aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 32A and 32B.
- the house shown in FIG. 32A has a power storage device 2612 having a secondary battery and a solar panel 2610, which is one aspect of the present invention.
- the power storage device 2612 is electrically connected to the solar panel 2610 via wiring 2611 and the like. Further, the power storage device 2612 and the ground-mounted charging device 2604 may be electrically connected.
- the electric power obtained by the solar panel 2610 can be charged to the power storage device 2612. Further, the electric power stored in the power storage device 2612 can be charged to the secondary battery 2602 of the vehicle 2603 via the charging device 2604.
- the power storage device 2612 is preferably installed in the underfloor space. By installing it in the underfloor space, the space above the floor can be used effectively. Alternatively, the power storage device 2612 may be installed on the floor.
- the electric power stored in the power storage device 2612 can also supply electric power to other electronic devices in the house. Therefore, even when power cannot be supplied from the commercial power supply due to a power failure or the like, the electronic device can be used by using the power storage device 2612 according to one aspect of the present invention as an uninterruptible power supply.
- FIG. 32A shows a state in which the vehicle 2603 is being charged from the ground-mounted charging device 2604 via a cable.
- the charging method, connector specifications, and the like may be appropriately performed by a predetermined method such as CHAdeMO (registered trademark) or combo.
- the plug-in technology can charge the secondary battery 2602 mounted on the vehicle 2603 by supplying electric power from the outside. Charging can be performed by converting AC power into DC power via a conversion device such as an ACDC converter.
- the charging device 2604 may be provided in a house as shown in FIG. 32A, or may be a charging station provided in a commercial facility.
- a power receiving device on the vehicle and supply electric power from a ground power transmission device in a non-contact manner to charge the vehicle.
- this non-contact power supply system by incorporating a power transmission device on the road or the outer wall, charging can be performed not only while the vehicle is stopped but also while the vehicle is running.
- the non-contact power feeding method may be used to transmit and receive electric power between vehicles.
- a solar cell may be provided on the exterior of the vehicle to charge the secondary battery when the vehicle is stopped or running.
- one or more of the electromagnetic induction method and the magnetic field resonance method can be used.
- FIG. 32B shows an example of the power storage device 700 according to one aspect of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 32B, the power storage device 791 according to one aspect of the present invention is installed in the underfloor space portion 796 of the building 799.
- a control device 790 is installed in the power storage device 791, and the control device 790 is connected to a distribution board 703, a power storage controller 705 (also referred to as a control device), a display 706, and a router 709 by wiring. It is electrically connected.
- Electric power is sent from the commercial power supply 701 to the distribution board 703 via the drop line mounting portion 710. Further, electric power is sent to the distribution board 703 from the power storage device 791 and the commercial power supply 701, and the distribution board 703 transfers the sent electric power through an outlet (not shown) to a general load. It is supplied to the 707 and the power storage system load 708.
- the general load 707 is, for example, an electronic device such as a television or a personal computer
- the power storage system load 708 is, for example, an electronic device such as a microwave oven, a refrigerator, or an air conditioner.
- the power storage controller 705 has a measurement unit 711, a prediction unit 712, and a planning unit 713.
- the measuring unit 711 has a function of measuring the amount of electric power consumed by the general load 707 and the power storage system load 708 during one day (for example, from 0:00 to 24:00). Further, the measuring unit 711 may have a function of measuring the electric energy of the power storage device 791 and the electric energy supplied from the commercial power source 701.
- the prediction unit 712 determines the demand consumed by the general load 707 and the power storage system load 708 during the next day based on the amount of power consumed by the general load 707 and the power storage system load 708 during the next day. It has a function of predicting the amount of electric power.
- the planning unit 713 has a function of making a charge / discharge plan of the power storage device 791 based on the power demand amount predicted by the prediction unit 712.
- the amount of electric power consumed by the general load 707 and the power storage system load 708 measured by the measuring unit 711 can be confirmed by the display 706. It can also be confirmed in electronic devices such as televisions and personal computers via the router 709. Further, it can be confirmed by a portable electronic terminal such as a smartphone and a tablet via the router 709. In addition, the amount of power demand for each time zone (or every hour) predicted by the prediction unit 712 can be confirmed by the display 706, the electronic device, and the portable electronic terminal.
- This embodiment can be used in combination with other embodiments as appropriate.
- each embodiment can be appropriately combined with the configuration shown in other embodiments to form one aspect of the present invention. Further, when a plurality of configuration examples are shown in one embodiment, the configuration examples can be appropriately combined.
- the content described in one embodiment is another content (may be a part of the content) described in the embodiment, and / or one or more. It is possible to apply, combine, or replace the contents described in another embodiment (some contents may be used).
- figure (which may be a part) described in one embodiment is another part of the figure, another figure (which may be a part) described in the embodiment, and / or one or more.
- figures (which may be a part) described in another embodiment of the above more figures can be constructed.
- the components are classified by function and shown as blocks independent of each other.
- it is difficult to separate the components for each function and there may be a case where a plurality of functions are involved in one circuit or a case where one function is involved in a plurality of circuits. Therefore, the blocks in the block diagram are not limited to the components described in the specification, and can be appropriately paraphrased according to the situation.
- the size, the thickness of the layer, or the area is shown in an arbitrary size for convenience of explanation. Therefore, it is not necessarily limited to that scale.
- the drawings are schematically shown for the sake of clarity, and are not limited to the shapes or values shown in the drawings. For example, it is possible to include variations in the signal, voltage, or current due to noise, or variations in the signal, voltage, or current due to timing lag.
- electrode and “wiring” do not functionally limit these components.
- an “electrode” may be used as part of a “wiring” and vice versa.
- the terms “electrode” and “wiring” include the case where a plurality of “electrodes” and “wiring” are integrally formed.
- the voltage and the potential can be paraphrased as appropriate.
- the voltage is a potential difference from the reference potential.
- the reference potential is the ground voltage
- the voltage can be paraphrased as the potential.
- the ground potential does not necessarily mean 0V.
- the electric potential is relative, and the electric potential given to the wiring or the like may be changed depending on the reference electric potential.
- membrane and layer can be interchanged with each other in some cases or depending on the situation.
- conductive layer to the term “conductive layer”.
- insulating film to the term “insulating layer”.
- the switch means a switch that is in a conductive state (on state) or a non-conducting state (off state) and has a function of controlling whether or not a current flows.
- the switch means a switch having a function of selecting and switching a path through which a current flows.
- the channel length means, for example, in the top view of a transistor, a region or a channel where a semiconductor (or a portion where a current flows in the semiconductor when the transistor is on) and a gate overlap is formed.
- the distance between the source and drain in the region means, for example, in the top view of a transistor, a region or a channel where a semiconductor (or a portion where a current flows in the semiconductor when the transistor is on) and a gate overlap is formed. The distance between the source and drain in the region.
- the channel width is a source in, for example, a region where a semiconductor (or a portion where a current flows in a semiconductor when a transistor is on) and a gate electrode overlap, or a region where a channel is formed.
- a and B are connected includes those in which A and B are directly connected and those in which A and B are electrically connected.
- the fact that A and B are electrically connected means that when an object having some kind of electrical action exists between A and B, it is possible to send and receive an electric signal between A and B. It means what is said.
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Abstract
Description
図2Aは本発明の一態様を説明する回路図である。図2Bは本発明の一態様の説明する回路図である。
図3は本発明の一態様を説明する回路図である。
図4は本発明の一態様を説明するブロック図である。
図5Aは本発明の一態様を説明する回路図である。図5Bは本発明の一態様を説明する回路図である。
図6Aは本発明の一態様を説明する回路図である。図6Bは本発明の一態様を説明する回路図である。図6Cは本発明の一態様を説明する回路図である。
図7は本発明の一態様を説明する回路図である。
図8は半導体装置の構造例を示す断面図である。
図9は半導体装置の構造例を示す断面図である。
図10Aはトランジスタの構造例を示す断面図である。図10Bはトランジスタの構造例を示す断面図である。図10Cはトランジスタの構造例を示す断面図である。
図11Aはトランジスタの構造例を示す断面図である。図11Bはトランジスタの構造例を示す断面図である。
図12は半導体装置の構造例を示す断面図である。
図13Aはトランジスタの構造例を示す断面図である。図13Bはトランジスタの構造例を示す断面図である。
図14は本発明の一態様の半導体装置を有する電子部品の構成例を示す図である。
図15は本発明の一態様の半導体装置を有する電子部品の構成例を示す図である。
図16Aは本発明の一態様の半導体装置の作製方法の一例を説明する図である。図16Bは本発明の一態様の半導体装置の作製方法の一例を説明する図である。
図17は本発明の一態様の半導体装置の作製方法の一例を説明する図である。
図18は本発明の一態様の半導体装置を有する電子部品の構成例を示す図である。
図19は電子部品の一例を示す図である。
図20Aは本発明の一態様の二次電池を説明する図である。図20Bは本発明の一態様の二次電池を説明する図である。図20Cは本発明の一態様の蓄電装置を説明する図である。図20Dは本発明の一態様の蓄電装置を説明する図である。
図21Aは本発明の一態様の二次電池パックを説明する図である。図21Bは本発明の一態様の二次電池パックを説明する図である。図21Cは本発明の一態様の二次電池パックを説明する図である。
図22Aは本発明の一態様の車両を説明する図である。図22Bは本発明の一態様の車両を説明する図である。図22Cは本発明の一態様の車両を説明する図である。
図23Aは本発明の一態様の蓄電装置を説明する図である。図23Bは本発明の一態様の蓄電装置を説明する図である。
図24Aは本発明の一態様の電子機器を説明する図である。図24Bは本発明の一態様の電子機器を説明する図である。図24Cは本発明の一態様の電子機器を説明する図である。
図25は本発明の一態様の電子機器を説明する図である。
図26Aは本発明の一態様の電子機器を説明する図である。図26Bは本発明の一態様の電子機器を説明する図である。図26Cは本発明の一態様の電子機器を説明する図である。図26Dは本発明の一態様の電子機器を説明する図である。図26Eは本発明の一態様の電子機器を説明する図である。
図27A、図27B、図27Cは本発明の一態様のシステムの一例である。
図28A、図28Bは本発明の一態様のシステムの一例である。
図29は本発明の一態様の電子機器の一例である。
図30A、図30B、図30Cは二次電池の例を説明する図である。
図31A、図31B、図31C、図31Dは、電子機器を示す斜視図である。
図32A、図32Bは本発明の一態様に係る蓄電装置を説明する図である。
本実施の形態では、電池制御回路、および当該電池制御回路を備えた蓄電装置の構成について説明する。
図1には蓄電装置100の一例を示す。図1に示す蓄電装置100は、電池制御回路101および組電池120を有する。電池制御回路101には、チャネル形成領域に酸化物半導体を有するトランジスタ(以下、OSトランジスタという)を用いた回路が搭載されることが好ましい。
以下に、本発明の一態様の蓄電装置が有するさらなる構成要素の一例を説明する。
電池セル121としてリチウムイオン二次電池セルを用いることができる。リチウムイオン二次電池セルが有する正極活物質は、キャリアイオンとなる金属(以降、元素A)を有することが好ましい。元素Aとして例えばリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属、およびカルシウム、ベリリウム、マグネシウム等の第2族の元素を用いることができる。
本発明の一態様の構成では、OSトランジスタを有する記憶素子を用いる構成とすることで、オフ時にソースとドレイン間を流れるリーク電流(以下、オフ電流)が極めて低いことを利用して、参照電圧を記憶素子に保持させることができる。このとき、記憶素子の電源をオフ状態にすることができるため、OSトランジスタを有する記憶素子を用いることにより、極めて低い消費電力で、参照電圧を保持させることができる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一形態に係わる半導体装置の構成例について説明する。本発明の一形態に係わる半導体装置は、充放電中の二次電池において、二次電池の正極負極間電位を所定の時間ごとにサンプリングし(取得し)、サンプリングした電位と、サンプリング後の正極負極間電位とを比較することで、マイクロショートによる瞬間的な電位変動(ここでは、電位が下がる)を検知する機能を有する。所定時間ごとのサンプリングを繰り返すことで、充放電中における二次電池の電位変動に対応し、また、当該半導体装置は、二次電池の正極負極間電位を用いて動作させることができる。
図6Aは、検出回路MSDの構成例を示す回路図である。検出回路MSDは、トランジスタ11乃至トランジスタ15、容量素子C11、および、コンパレータ50を有する。なお、本明細書等で説明する図面においては、主な信号の流れを矢印または線で示しており、電源線等は省略する場合がある。検出回路MSDが有するコンパレータ50として、ヒステリシスコンパレータを用いてもよい。なお、検出回路MSDは複数の直列に接続された電池セルにおいて検出を行ってもよいし、電池セルの一毎に検出をおこなってもよい。
本実施の形態は、コンパレータの構成例を示す。
上記実施の形態で説明した電池制御回路に適用可能な半導体装置の構成例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の金属酸化物について説明する。
酸化物530として、酸化物半導体として機能する金属酸化物を用いることが好ましい。以下では、本発明に係る酸化物530に適用可能な金属酸化物について説明する。
酸化物半導体(金属酸化物)は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体としては、例えば、CAAC−OS、多結晶酸化物半導体、nc−OS(nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor)、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like oxide semiconductor)、および非晶質酸化物半導体などがある。
ここで、金属酸化物中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
酸化物530に用いることができる半導体材料は、上述の金属酸化物に限られない。酸化物530として、バンドギャップを有する半導体材料(ゼロギャップ半導体ではない半導体材料)を用いてもよい。例えば、シリコンなどの単体元素の半導体、ヒ化ガリウムなどの化合物半導体、半導体として機能する層状物質(原子層物質、2次元材料などともいう。)などを半導体材料に用いることが好ましい。特に、半導体として機能する層状物質を半導体材料に用いると好適である。
本実施の形態では、上述の実施の形態で説明した電池制御回路を電子部品とする例について、図19を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、上記実施の形態で説明した電池制御回路を備えた電子部品を適用可能な蓄電装置の構成について説明する。
円筒型の二次電池の例について図20Aを参照して説明する。円筒型の二次電池400は、図20Aに示すように、上面に正極キャップ(電池蓋)401を有し、側面及び底面に電池缶(外装缶)402を有している。これら正極キャップ401と電池缶(外装缶)402とは、ガスケット(絶縁パッキン)410によって絶縁されている。
次に本発明の一態様の蓄電装置の例について、図21を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、車両に本発明の一態様である蓄電装置を搭載する例を示す。車両として例えば自動車、二輪車、自転車、等が挙げられる。
本実施の形態では、先の実施の形態で示した蓄電装置を電子機器に実装する例を説明する。
本実施の形態は、本発明の一態様の電池制御回路が搭載されるシステムの一例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である二次電池を電子機器または移動体に実装する例について説明する。
以上の実施の形態、及び実施の形態における各構成の説明について、以下に付記する。
Claims (17)
- 第1の導電体および前記第1の導電体上の第1の半導体を有する第1のトランジスタと、
前記第1のトランジスタ上の第1の絶縁体と、
前記第1の絶縁体が有する開口部に設けられる第2の導電体と、
前記第1の絶縁体上の第2のトランジスタと、
前記第2のトランジスタ上の第3の導電体と、を有し、
前記第1の導電体は、前記第1のトランジスタのソース電極およびドレイン電極の一方としての機能を有し、
前記第1の半導体と、前記第2の導電体と、は互いに重なり合い、
前記第2の導電体と、前記第3の導電体と、は互いに重なり合い、
前記第3の導電体と、前記第2のトランジスタと、は互いに重なり合い、
前記第1の半導体と、前記第2のトランジスタと、は前記第2の導電体および前記第3の導電体を介して電気的に接続される半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第3の導電体は、バンプまたはワイヤーボンディングに電気的に接続される半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第3の導電体は、バンプまたはワイヤーボンディングと接する電極パッドである半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一において、
前記第1の半導体上の第4の導電体を有し、
前記第4の導電体は、前記第2のトランジスタのソース電極およびドレイン電極の一方としての機能を有し、
前記第4の導電体と、前記第2の導電体と、は電気的に接続される半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一において、
前記第2のトランジスタは、金属酸化物を有し、
前記金属酸化物はインジウムを有する半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一において、
前記第2のトランジスタは、金属酸化物を有し、
前記金属酸化物は、インジウム、亜鉛および元素Mを有し、
前記元素Mは、アルミニウム、ガリウム、イットリウム、錫、ホウ素、チタン、鉄、ニッケル、ゲルマニウム、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、ランタン、セリウム、ネオジム、ハフニウム、タンタル、タングステン、マグネシウムから選ばれる一以上である半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一において、
前記第1の半導体は、シリコン、シリコンカーバイド、ゲルマニウム、シリコンゲルマニウム、ガリウムヒ素、ガリウムアルミニウムヒ素、リン化インジウム、セレン化亜鉛、窒化ガリウム、酸化ガリウムから選ばれる一以上の材料を有する半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一において、
前記第1の導電体上の第3のトランジスタを有し、
前記第3のトランジスタは、第3の半導体を有し、
前記第3の半導体は、前記第1の半導体が有する、シリコン、シリコンカーバイド、ゲルマニウム、シリコンゲルマニウム、ガリウムヒ素、ガリウムアルミニウムヒ素、リン化インジウム、セレン化亜鉛、窒化ガリウム、酸化ガリウムから選ばれる一以上の材料、と同じ材料を有し、
前記第1の導電体は、前記第3のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインとして機能する半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか一に記載の半導体装置と、二次電池と、を有し、
前記二次電池の負極と、前記第3の導電体と、は電気的に接続される蓄電装置。 - 第1の層と、第2の層と、前記第1の層と前記第2の層の間の第1の絶縁体と、第1の導電体と、を有し、
前記第1の導電体は、前記第1の絶縁体が有する第1の開口部に設けられ、
前記第1の層は、第1のトランジスタを有し、
前記第1のトランジスタは、第1の半導体を有し、
前記第1の半導体は、シリコン、シリコンカーバイド、ゲルマニウム、シリコンゲルマニウム、ガリウムヒ素、ガリウムアルミニウムヒ素、リン化インジウム、セレン化亜鉛、窒化ガリウム、酸化ガリウムから選ばれる一以上であり、
前記第2の層は、コンパレータと、論理回路と、を有し、
前記コンパレータは、第2のトランジスタを有し、
前記第1のトランジスタは、前記第1の導電体を介して前記第2のトランジスタと電気的に接続され、
前記コンパレータは、二次電池の正極電圧に応じた信号を前記論理回路に与える機能を有し、
前記論理回路は、前記コンパレータからの出力に応じた信号を前記第1のトランジスタのゲートに与える機能を有する電池制御回路。 - 請求項10において、
前記第1のトランジスタと、前記第2のトランジスタは、互いに重なり合う電池制御回路。 - 請求項10または請求項11において、
前記第2のトランジスタは、金属酸化物を有し、
前記金属酸化物はインジウムを有する電池制御回路。 - 請求項10または請求項11において、
前記第2のトランジスタは、第2の半導体を有し、
前記第2の半導体は、金属酸化物を有し、
前記金属酸化物は、インジウム、亜鉛および元素Mを有し、
前記元素Mは、アルミニウム、ガリウム、イットリウム、錫、ホウ素、チタン、鉄、ニッケル、ゲルマニウム、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、ランタン、セリウム、ネオジム、ハフニウム、タンタル、タングステン、マグネシウムから選ばれる一以上である電池制御回路。 - 請求項10乃至請求項13のいずれか一において、
前記第1の導電体は、前記二次電池の負極に電気的に接続される電池制御回路。 - 請求項10乃至請求項14のいずれか一に記載の電池制御回路を有する第1のチップと、集積回路を有する第2のチップと、プリント基板と、前記第1のチップと前記プリント基板の間のバンプと、を有し、
前記集積回路は、前記第1のチップが有する前記電池制御回路へ制御信号および電源の少なくとも一を与える機能を有し、
前記第1のチップおよび前記第2のチップはそれぞれ、前記プリント基板上に配置され、
前記第1のチップは、前記第1の導電体が露出する第1面を有し、
前記第1面と、前記プリント基板と、は前記バンプを介して互いに面するように配置される電子部品。 - 請求項15に記載の電子部品と、電気モーターと、を有する車両。
- 請求項15に記載の電子部品と、表示部と、を有し、
前記電子部品は、前記プリント基板上に配置される第3のチップを有し、
前記第3のチップは、無線通信による信号の授受を行う機能を有する電子機器。
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JP2016086635A (ja) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-05-19 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 蓄電装置、及び電子機器 |
JP2017022928A (ja) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-26 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 電池管理回路、蓄電装置、及び電子機器 |
JP2020010536A (ja) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-01-16 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 電池保護回路、蓄電装置、及び電気機器 |
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US20230100524A1 (en) | 2023-03-30 |
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