WO2021164392A1 - 电池组及装置 - Google Patents

电池组及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021164392A1
WO2021164392A1 PCT/CN2020/135947 CN2020135947W WO2021164392A1 WO 2021164392 A1 WO2021164392 A1 WO 2021164392A1 CN 2020135947 W CN2020135947 W CN 2020135947W WO 2021164392 A1 WO2021164392 A1 WO 2021164392A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
battery pack
battery
exchange plate
explosion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/135947
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨海奇
吴兴远
郑敏捷
洪家荣
胡浪超
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP20919678.1A priority Critical patent/EP3926744A4/en
Publication of WO2021164392A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021164392A1/zh
Priority to US17/489,281 priority patent/US20220021070A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of power batteries, and in particular, to a battery pack and a device.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a battery pack and a device that can effectively prevent the spread of thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the present application provides a battery pack.
  • the battery pack includes a battery module, a heat exchange member, a flow guide, and a heat conduction connector;
  • the battery module includes a battery;
  • the heat exchange component includes a heat exchange plate;
  • the heat exchange plate is connected to a plurality of batteries through a thermally conductive connection, and the heat exchange plate at least partially covers each explosion-proof valve;
  • the flow guide is arranged between the plurality of batteries and the heat exchange plate , And the flow guide is provided with a positioning hole penetrating along the height direction of the battery pack, and the positioning hole exposes the corresponding explosion-proof valve;
  • the flow guide separates the corresponding explosion-proof valve from the heat-conducting connector.
  • the arrangement of the flow guide in the present application can prevent the heat-conducting connectors from gathering or covering the explosion-proof valve of the battery, so as to prevent the heat-conducting connector from blocking the explosion-proof valve from opening when the battery is thermally out of control.
  • each positioning hole there are multiple positioning holes, and the multiple positioning holes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the battery pack, and each positioning hole corresponds to each explosion-proof valve.
  • the positioning hole can expose the corresponding explosion-proof valve.
  • the heat exchange plate includes a first heat exchange plate and a second heat exchange plate; the first heat exchange plate and the second heat exchange plate are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the battery pack, and each explosion-proof valve is simultaneously first The heat exchange plate and the second heat exchange plate are covered; the baffle block is arranged on the air guide; the baffle block is arranged between two adjacent positioning holes, and the baffle block is located between the first heat exchange plate and the second heat exchange plate Between the boards.
  • Both the first heat exchange plate and the second heat exchange plate are provided with a heat exchange medium with the functions of extinguishing fire and cooling. Blocked by the barrier block, the heat exchange medium can be gathered at the location where the thermal runaway occurs, and the heat exchange medium is controlled between adjacent barrier blocks, so that more heat exchange media can pass through the explosion-proof location where the thermal runaway occurs.
  • the valve enters the interior of the battery to quickly cool the battery and extinguish the flame when accompanied by a flame, so as to prevent the heat exchange medium from spreading to other batteries, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the blocking block protrudes from the first heat exchange plate and the second heat exchange plate.
  • the blocking block protrudes from the first heat exchange plate and the second heat exchange plate to more effectively block the heat exchange medium leaking from the heat exchange plate from spreading to the position deviating from the thermal runaway when the battery is thermally out of control, so that more The heat exchange medium flows into the opened explosion-proof valve, effectively preventing the spread of battery heat out of control.
  • the blocking block abuts against the side wall of the first heat exchange plate and the side wall of the second heat exchange plate.
  • the barrier block abuts against the side wall of the first heat exchange plate and the side wall of the second heat exchange plate, so that the barrier block controls the heat exchange medium between adjacent barrier blocks when the battery is thermally out of control. Fully block the diffusion of the heat exchange medium.
  • a groove is provided on the air guide, and the groove is spaced apart from the positioning hole, and at least part of the thermally conductive connecting piece is located in the groove.
  • the thermal conductive glue spreads into the groove after being squeezed by the heat exchange plate to prevent the thermal conductive glue from accumulating at the explosion-proof valve of the battery after being squeezed. This further prevents the thermal conductive glue from affecting the opening of the explosion-proof valve during thermal runaway and effectively prevents the thermal runaway of the battery. The spread.
  • the air guide includes a main body part and a connecting part, the main body part is provided in multiple, and the connecting part is connected between two adjacent main body parts, and the plurality of main body parts are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of batteries, and A plurality of positioning holes are respectively arranged on the plurality of main body parts, and the blocking block is arranged on the connecting part.
  • the groove is formed on the outer side of the connecting portion.
  • the size of the groove in the length direction of the battery pack gradually decreases in the direction close to the connecting portion.
  • the size of the groove in the length direction of the battery pack gradually decreases along the direction close to the connecting portion, so that the thermal conductive glue can smoothly enter the groove after being squeezed. At the same time, the contact area between the thermal conductive glue and the heat exchange plate can be ensured, thereby improving the connection strength.
  • the thermally conductive connecting member is a thermally conductive rubber sheet.
  • the thermal conductive rubber plate has high heat transfer efficiency, which is convenient for the bonding of the heat exchange plate and the battery.
  • the present application provides a device, which includes the aforementioned battery pack, and the battery pack is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the arrangement of the flow guide can prevent the thermally conductive connectors from gathering or covering the explosion-proof valve of the battery, so as to prevent the thermally conductive connector from blocking the explosion-proof valve from opening when the battery is thermally out of control.
  • the high temperature and high pressure gas can smoothly break through the explosion-proof valve and destroy the heat exchange plate, so that the heat exchange medium can enter the battery through the explosion-proof valve smoothly after leaking from the heat exchange plate, thereby cooling the battery and flame retardant .
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the air guide and the thermally conductive connecting member of the battery pack according to Fig. 1 installed on the battery module.
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the circled part in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the circled part in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a flow guide of the battery pack according to Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 8 is a plan view of the air guide of the battery pack according to Fig. 1 mounted on the battery module.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a thermally conductive connector of the battery pack according to Fig. 1.
  • the device in the embodiment of the present application refers to a device that uses the battery pack of the embodiment of the present application as a power source, where the battery pack is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the device includes a main body and a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application, and the battery pack is disposed on the main body.
  • the device can be a ship, a vehicle, etc.
  • the vehicle is a new energy vehicle, which may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the main body of the vehicle is provided with a drive motor, which is electrically connected to the battery pack, and the battery pack provides electric energy.
  • the drive motor is connected to the wheels on the main body of the vehicle through a transmission mechanism to drive the vehicle.
  • the battery pack can also be used in an energy storage cabinet to provide electrical energy.
  • the battery pack in the embodiment of the present application includes a battery module 1, a heat exchange member 2, a flow guide 3, and a heat conduction connector 4.
  • the battery module 1 can be housed in a box (not shown).
  • the number of battery modules 1 may be one or more, and a plurality of battery modules 1 are arranged in the box.
  • the type of the box is not limited, and the box can be a frame-shaped box, a disk-shaped box, or a box-shaped box.
  • the box body may include a lower box body accommodating the battery module 1 and an upper box body covered with the lower box body.
  • the battery module 1 includes a battery 11.
  • the battery 11 is provided in plural, and each battery 11 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 111. Among them, a plurality of batteries 11 are arranged in sequence along the length direction L of the battery pack.
  • the battery is a hard-shell battery (or called a can-type battery).
  • the hard-shell battery includes an electrode assembly, a case, a top cover, an electrode terminal, an explosion-proof valve 111, a liquid injection hole, and the like.
  • the inside of the casing forms a receiving cavity to contain the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator that separates the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the heat exchange member 2 includes a heat exchange plate 21.
  • the heat exchange plate 21 is connected to a plurality of batteries 11 through the thermally conductive connecting member 4, and the heat exchange plate 21 at least partially covers the explosion-proof valves 111.
  • the air guide 3 is arranged between the plurality of batteries 11 and the heat exchange plate 21.
  • the air guide 3 is provided with a positioning hole 31 penetrating along the height direction H of the battery pack.
  • the positioning hole 31 exposes the corresponding explosion-proof valve 111.
  • the air guide 3 separates the corresponding explosion-proof valve 111 from the heat conducting connection 4. Among them, the heat exchange plate 21 can completely cover the explosion-proof valves 111.
  • the heat exchange plate 21 partially covers the explosion-proof valves 111.
  • the heat exchange plate 21 is provided with a heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium has the functions of extinguishing fire and cooling.
  • the size of the positioning hole 31 is not less than the size of the explosion-proof valve 111, so that the explosion-proof valve 111 is completely exposed.
  • the high temperature and high pressure gas generated inside the battery 11 breaks through the explosion-proof valve 111 and is released from the battery 11.
  • the heat exchange plate 21 is melted through, so that the heat exchange medium leaks into the inside of the opened explosion-proof valve 111.
  • the connecting piece 4 finally placing the heat exchange plate 21 on the top of the battery 11, and the heat conducting connecting piece 4 is glued between the top of the battery 11 and the heat exchange plate 21 to complete the assembly of the heat conducting plate 21 and the battery module 1.
  • the arrangement of the air guide 3 can prevent the thermally conductive connecting member 4 from gathering or covering on the explosion-proof valve 111 of the battery 11, so as to prevent the thermally conductive connecting member 4 from blocking the explosion-proof valve 111 from opening when the battery 11 is thermally runaway, so as to ensure that the thermal runaway occurs in the battery 11
  • the high temperature and high pressure gas can smoothly break through the explosion-proof valve 111 and destroy the heat exchange plate 21, so that the heat exchange medium can enter the battery 11 through the explosion-proof valve 111 smoothly after leaking from the heat exchange plate 21, thereby cooling the battery 11 and flame retardant ,
  • Reduce the influence of the battery 11 that is thermally out of control on the adjacent battery 11 achieve the effect of preventing the diffusion of heat insulation, and effectively prevent the spread of thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the air guide 3 can be adhered to the battery 11 using a glue such as double-sided tape to prevent the air guide 3 from shifting.
  • the heat exchange medium can be of any suitable type having properties such as flame retardant and cooling, such as water or water added with a flame retardant or a liquid other than water.
  • the heat exchange member 2 may further include a first guide tube 22 and a second guide tube 23.
  • the multiple heat exchange plates 21 are connected between the first guide tube 22 and the second guide tube 23 to facilitate the realization of multiple heat exchange plates. 21 thermal management.
  • the plurality of heat exchange plates 21 are connected to the liquid delivery pump through the first guide tube 22 and the second guide tube 23, so that the heat exchange medium flows in and out and can realize internal circulation.
  • the deflector 3 is a plastic part.
  • the positioning hole 31 of the air guide 3 can be set to one, so that one air guide 3 corresponds to one explosion-proof valve 111 of the battery 11.
  • the positioning holes 31 may also be provided in multiple, and the positioning holes 31 are arranged at intervals along the length direction L of the battery pack, and each positioning hole 31 corresponds to each explosion-proof valve 111. That is, one air guide 3 is set corresponding to the explosion-proof valves 111 of multiple batteries 11, so as to improve the assembly efficiency of the air guide 3 and ensure the overall connection strength.
  • One battery module 1 can be optionally provided with one air guide 3. This can greatly improve installation efficiency.
  • a blocking block 32 is provided on the flow guide 3.
  • the heat exchange plate 21 includes a first heat exchange plate 211 and a second heat exchange plate 212.
  • the first heat exchange plate 211 and the second heat exchange plate 212 are arranged at intervals along the width direction W of the battery pack, and each explosion-proof valve 111 is covered by the first heat exchange plate 211 and the second heat exchange plate 212 at the same time.
  • Both the first heat exchange plate 211 and the second heat exchange plate 212 are provided with a heat exchange medium having the functions of extinguishing fire and cooling.
  • the blocking block 32 is disposed between two adjacent positioning holes 31, and the blocking block 32 is located between the first heat exchange plate 211 and the second heat exchange plate 212.
  • the first heat exchange plate 211, the second heat exchange plate 212, and the flow guide 3 When installing the first heat exchange plate 211, the second heat exchange plate 212, and the flow guide 3, first place the flow guide 3 on the battery 11 so that the positioning hole 31 exposes the corresponding explosion-proof valve 111, and then place the flow guide 3 on the battery 11
  • the heat transfer connector 4 is installed or coated on the top, and finally the first heat exchange plate 211 and the second heat exchange plate 212 are placed on the top of the battery 11, so that the first heat exchange plate 211 and the second heat exchange plate 212 are simultaneously Covering the explosion-proof valves 111, the heat-conducting connector 4 is bonded between the top of the battery 11 and the first heat exchange plate 211 and the second heat exchange plate 212.
  • the first heat exchange plate 211, the first heat exchange plate 211 and/or the second heat exchange plate 212 are removed from the explosion-proof valve when the battery 11 is thermally out of control.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas ejected by 111 melts, and the heat exchange medium leaks out.
  • the heat exchange medium Under the blocking of the blocking block 32, the heat exchange medium can be gathered at the position where the thermal runaway occurs, and the heat exchange medium is controlled between the adjacent blocking blocks 32.
  • the blocking block 32 abuts against the side wall of the first heat exchange plate 211 and the side wall of the second heat exchange plate 212, so that the blocking block 32 generates thermal runaway in the battery 11 At this time, the heat exchange medium is controlled between the adjacent blocking blocks 32 to fully block the diffusion of the heat exchange medium.
  • the height of the barrier block 32 in the height direction H of the battery pack is not less than the first heat exchange plate 211 and the second heat exchange plate.
  • the height of the plate 212 in the height direction H of the battery pack in some embodiments, in the height direction H of the battery pack, the blocking block 32 protrudes from the first heat exchange plate 211 and the second heat exchange plate 212. Therefore, when the battery 11 suffers from thermal runaway, the heat exchange medium leaked from the heat exchange plate 21 is more effectively prevented from spreading to the position deviating from the thermal runaway, so that more heat exchange medium flows into the opened explosion-proof valve 111, which effectively prevents the battery from heating. Spread out of control.
  • the air guide 3 may include a main body portion 34 and a connecting portion 35.
  • the main body portion 34 is provided in multiple, and the connecting portion 35 is connected between two adjacent main body portions 34.
  • the plurality of main body portions 34 are respectively disposed corresponding to the plurality of batteries 11, and the plurality of positioning holes 31 are respectively disposed on the plurality of main body portions 34.
  • the blocking block 32 is disposed on the connecting portion 35.
  • a groove 33 is provided on the flow guide 3.
  • the groove 33 is spaced apart from the positioning hole 31.
  • At least part of the thermally conductive connecting member 4 is located in the groove 33.
  • the groove 33 is formed on the outer side of the connecting portion 35.
  • the thermally conductive connecting member 4 can be a thermally conductive glue.
  • the heat exchange plate 21 is adhered to the battery 11 by a thermally conductive glue coated on the top of the battery 11.
  • the size of the groove 33 in the length direction L of the battery pack gradually decreases along the direction close to the connecting portion 35, so that the thermally conductive glue enters the groove 33 smoothly after being squeezed. At the same time, the contact area between the thermal conductive glue and the heat exchange plate 21 can be ensured, thereby improving the connection strength.
  • the thermally conductive connector 4 can also be a thermally conductive adhesive plate.
  • the thermally conductive adhesive plate is installed on the top of the battery 11, and the thermally conductive adhesive plate is thermally bonded between the top of the battery 11 and the heat exchange plate 21.
  • the thermally conductive adhesive The heat transfer efficiency of the plate is high, which facilitates the adhesion of the heat exchange plate 21 and the battery 11.
  • the heat exchange plate 21 is not shown.
  • only the thermally conductive rubber plate at a certain position is heated and melted as an example. S indicates that the thermally conductive rubber plate at a certain position is heated and melted and received by the heat exchange plate 21.
  • the shape of the thermally conductive rubber sheet shown in FIG. 9 is only an example, and the shape of the thermally conductive rubber sheet is not limited and can be determined according to actual conditions.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电池组及装置。电池组包括电池模块、换热构件、导流件及导热连接件。电池模块包括电池。电池设置为多个，各电池设有防爆阀。换热构件包括换热板。换热板通过导热连接件与多个电池相连，且换热板至少部分覆盖各防爆阀。导流件设置于多个电池和换热板之间，且导流件上设有沿电池组的高度方向贯穿的定位孔，定位孔将对应的防爆阀露出。导流件将对应的防爆阀与导热连接件间隔开。装置包括电池组，电池组用于提供电能。本申请的电池组保证在电池发生热失控时，高温高压气体能够顺利冲破防爆阀进而破坏换热板，以使换热介质从换热板泄出后能够通过防爆阀顺利进入电池内部，达到阻隔热扩散的作用，有效阻止电池热失控的蔓延。

Description

电池组及装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2020年02月21日提交的名称为“电池组及装置”的中国专利申请202020192138.7的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请实施方式涉及动力电池领域，尤其涉及一种电池组及装置。
背景技术
随着动力电池汽车等使用二次电池作为电源的装置的发展，动力电池系统的安全性得到了越来越多的关注，动力电池系统的安全性是电动汽车行业发展的重要影响因素。而为了避免热失控，在电池上设置内含有换热介质的换热板，防爆阀喷出的高温气体和/或火焰等熔穿换热板，换热板中的换热介质流进防爆阀内部，电池热失控是否蔓延是评价电池系统是否安全的重要指标，目前还不能有效阻止电池热失控的蔓延。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术存在的缺陷，本申请的目的在于提供一种电池组及装置，其能有效阻止电池热失控的蔓延。
为了实现上述目的，一方面，本申请提供了一种电池组，电池组包括电池模块、换热构件、导流件以及导热连接件；电池模块包括电池；电池设置为多个，且各电池设有防爆阀；换热构件包括换热板；换热板通过导热连接件与多个电池相连，且换热板至少部分覆盖各防爆阀；导流件设置于多个电池和换热板之间，且导流件上设有沿电池组的高度方向贯穿的定位孔，定 位孔将对应的防爆阀露出；导流件将对应的防爆阀与导热连接件间隔开。
本申请中导流件的设置能够避免导热连接件聚集或覆盖在电池的防爆阀上，来避免导热连接件阻挡防爆阀在电池发生热失控时打开。
在一实施例中，定位孔设置为多个，且多个定位孔沿电池组的长度方向间隔设置，各定位孔与各防爆阀对应。
定位孔的设置可以将对应的防爆阀露出。
在一实施例中，换热板包括第一换热板和第二换热板；第一换热板和第二换热板沿电池组的宽度方向间隔设置，且各防爆阀同时被第一换热板和第二换热板覆盖；导流件上设置有隔挡块；隔挡块设置于相邻两个定位孔之间，且隔挡块位于第一换热板和第二换热板之间。
第一换热板和第二换热板都内设有具有灭火和降温的功能的换热介质。在隔挡块的阻挡下，能使得换热介质聚集在热失控发生位置处，换热介质被控制在相邻隔挡块之间，使更多的换热介质通过热失控发生位置处的防爆阀进入电池的内部，以快速给电池降温并在伴有火焰时扑灭火焰，而避免换热介质向其他电池扩散，从而提高换热效率。
在一实施例中，在电池组的高度方向上，隔挡块突出于第一换热板和第二换热板。
隔挡块突出于第一换热板和第二换热板从而在电池发生热失控时，更有效地阻隔从换热板泄出的换热介质向偏离热失控的位置扩散，使更多的换热介质流入打开的防爆阀，有效阻止电池热失控的蔓延。
在一实施例中，隔挡块抵接于第一换热板的侧壁和第二换热板的侧壁。
隔挡块抵接于第一换热板的侧壁和第二换热板的侧壁，以使隔挡块在电池发生热失控时，将换热介质控制在相邻隔挡块之间，充分阻挡换热介质的扩散。
在一实施例中，导流件上设有凹槽，凹槽与定位孔间隔开，导热连接件的至少部分位于凹槽内。
导热胶受换热板挤压后向凹槽内扩散，从而防止导热胶受挤压后向电池的防爆阀处聚集，进一步避免导热胶影响防爆阀在热失控时的开启，有效阻止电池热失控的蔓延。
在一实施例中，导流件包括主体部和连接部，主体部设置为多个，且连接部连接于相邻两个主体部之间，多个主体部分别与多个电池对应设置，且多个定位孔分别设置于多个主体部上，隔挡块设置于连接部上。
在一实施例中，凹槽形成于连接部的外侧上。
在一实施例中，凹槽在电池组的长度方向上的尺寸沿靠近连接部的方向逐渐减小。
凹槽在电池组的长度方向上的尺寸沿靠近连接部的方向逐渐减小，使导热胶受挤压后顺利进入凹槽。同时能够保证导热胶和换热板的接触面积，从而提高连接强度。
在一实施例中，导热连接件为导热胶板。
导热胶板传热效率高，方便换热板与电池的粘接。
为了实现上述目的，另一方面，本申请提供了一种装置，装置包括前述的电池组，电池组用于提供电能。
上述描述的的电池组中，导流件的设置能够避免导热连接件聚集或覆盖在电池的防爆阀上，来避免导热连接件阻挡防爆阀在电池发生热失控时打开。保证在电池发生热失控时，高温高压气体能够顺利冲破防爆阀进而破坏换热板，以使换热介质从换热板泄出后能够通过防爆阀顺利进入电池内部，从而给电池降温并阻燃，减小热失控的电池对相邻电池的影响，达到阻隔热扩散的作用，有效阻止电池热失控的蔓延。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是 本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是根据本申请实施例的电池组的分解立体图。
图2是根据图1的电池组的导流件和导热连接件安装于电池模块的平面图。
图3是根据本申请实施例的电池组的平面图。
图4是图3中的圆圈部分的放大图。
图5是沿图3中的线A-A作出的剖视图。
图6是图5中的圆圈部分的放大图。
图7是根据图1的电池组的导流件的立体图。
图8是根据图1的电池组的导流件安装于电池模块的平面图。
图9是根据图1的电池组的导热连接件的示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
1电池模块                                     31定位孔
11电池                                        32隔挡块
111防爆阀                                     33凹槽
2换热构件                                     34主体部
21换热板                                      35连接部
211第一换热板                                 4导热连接件
212第二换热板                                 L长度方向
22第一导流管                                  H高度方向
23第二导流管                                  W宽度方向
3导流件
具体实施方式
附图示出本申请的实施例，且将理解的是，所公开的实施例仅仅是本申请的示例，本申请可以以各种形式实施，因此，本文公开的具体细节不应被解释为限制，而是仅作为权利要求的基础且作为表示性的基础用于教导本领域普通技术人员以各种方式实施本申请。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本申请做进一步的详细描述。
本申请实施例的装置是指使用本申请实施例的电池组作为电源的装置，其中电池组用于提供电能。装置包括主体以及根据本申请实施例的电池组，电池组设置于主体。装置可为轮船、车辆等。车辆为新能源汽车，其可以为纯电动汽车，也可以为混合动力汽车或增程式汽车。车辆的主体设置有驱动电机，驱动电机与电池组电连接，由电池组提供电能，驱动电机通过传动机构与车辆的主体上的车轮连接，从而驱动汽车行进。另外，电池组还可用于储能电柜中，以提供电能。
参照图1至图3所示的示例，本申请实施例中的电池组包括电池模块1、换热构件2、导流件3以及导热连接件4。
电池模块1可收容于箱体(未示出)内。电池模块1的数量可为一个或多个，多个电池模块1排列布置于箱体内。箱体的类型不受限制，箱体可为框状箱体、盘状箱体或盒状箱体等。箱体可包括容纳电池模块1的下箱体和与下箱体盖合的上箱体。
如图1所示，电池模块1包括电池11。电池11设置为多个，且各电池11设有防爆阀111。其中，多个电池11沿电池组的长度方向L依次布置。电池为硬壳电池(或称为罐型电池)。硬壳电池包括电极组件、壳体、顶盖、电极端子、防爆阀111以及注液孔等。壳体的内部形成收容腔，以容纳电极组件和电解液。电极组件包括正极片、负极片以及将正极片和负极片间隔开的隔离膜。
如图1至图3所示，换热构件2包括换热板21。换热板21通过导热连接件4与多个电池11相连，且换热板21至少部分覆盖各防爆阀111。导流件3设置于多个电池11和换热板21之间。且导流件3上设有沿电池组的高度方向H贯穿的定位孔31。定位孔31将对应的防爆阀111露出。导流件3将对应的防爆阀111与导热连接件4间隔开。其中，换热板21可完全覆盖各防爆阀111。但考虑到电池组的安全性，使电池11内部的气体顺利从防爆阀111排出，避免电池11内压过大气体无法排出造成爆炸的危险，可选地，换热板21部分覆盖各防爆阀111。换热板21内设有换热介质，换热介质具有灭火和降温的功能。定位孔31的尺寸不小于防爆阀111的尺寸，使防爆阀111完全露出。在任一电池11热失控时，换热板21能够被破坏而泄出换热介质，使换热介质流入电池11的防爆阀111中。也就是说，电池11内部产生的高温高压气体冲破防爆阀111而从电池11中释放，其中冲出防爆阀111的高温气体可能伴随有火焰，也可能掺杂有高温电解液，高温高压气体会熔穿换热板21，使得换热介质泄出进入打开的防爆阀111内部。在安装导热板21和导流 件3时，先将导流件3放置于电池11上，使定位孔31将对应的防爆阀111露出，然后在电池11顶部通过安装或涂覆的方式设置导热连接件4，最后将换热板21放置于电池11顶部，导热连接件4粘接于电池11顶部与换热板21之间，完成导热板21与电池模组1的装配。导流件3的设置能够避免导热连接件4聚集或覆盖在电池11的防爆阀111上，来避免导热连接件4阻挡防爆阀111在电池11发生热失控时打开，保证在电池11发生热失控时，高温高压气体能够顺利冲破防爆阀111进而破坏换热板21，以使换热介质从换热板21泄出后能够通过防爆阀111顺利进入电池11内部，从而给电池11降温并阻燃，减小热失控的电池11对相邻电池11的影响，达到阻隔热扩散的作用，有效阻止电池热失控的蔓延。其中，可将导流件3使用诸如双面胶等的胶体粘接在电池11上，以避免导流件3移位。换热介质可以采用具有阻燃、降温等性质的任何合适的类型，例如水或添加有阻燃剂的水或除水以外的液体。
如图1所示，在一些实施例中，换热构件2还可包括第一导流管22和第二导流管23。电池模块1设置为多个，换热板21对应设置为多个，多个换热板21连通在第一导流管22和第二导流管23之间，以便于实现多个换热板21之间的热管理。多个换热板21通过第一导流管22和第二导流管23与液体输送泵连接，使换热介质流进流出并能实现内循环。
导流件3为塑料件。视实际情况而定，导流件3的定位孔31可设置为一个，从而使一个导流件3对应一个电池11的防爆阀111。在图1所示的示例中，定位孔31也可设置为多个，且多个定位孔31沿电池组的长度方向L间隔设置，各定位孔31与各防爆阀111对应。即一个导流件3对应多个电池11的防爆阀111进行设置，从而提高导流件3的组装效率，同时也能够保证整体连接强度，可选为一个电池模块1设置一个导流件3，这能够大大提高安装效率。
如图2和图3所示，在一些实施例中，导流件3上设置有隔挡块32。换热板21包括第一换热板211和第二换热板212。第一换热板211和第二换 热板212沿电池组的宽度方向W间隔设置，且各防爆阀111同时被第一换热板211和第二换热板212覆盖。第一换热板211和第二换热板212都内设有具有灭火和降温的功能的换热介质。隔挡块32设置于相邻两个定位孔31之间，且隔挡块32位于第一换热板211和第二换热板212之间。在安装第一换热板211、第二换热板212及导流件3时，先将导流件3放置于电池11上，使定位孔31将对应的防爆阀111露出，然后在电池11顶部通过安装或涂覆的方式设置导热连接件4，最后将第一换热板211和第二换热板212放置于电池11顶部，使第一换热板211和第二换热板212同时覆盖各防爆阀111，导热连接件4粘接于电池11顶部与第一换热板211和第二换热板212之间。在换热板21和导流件3与电池模块1安装好后，电池11发生热失控时第一换热板211、第一换热板211和/或第二换热板212被从防爆阀111喷出的高温高压气体熔化，换热介质泄出，在隔挡块32的阻挡下，能使得换热介质聚集在热失控发生位置处，换热介质被控制在相邻隔挡块32之间，使更多的换热介质通过热失控发生位置处的防爆阀111进入电池11的内部，以快速给电池11降温并在伴有火焰时扑灭火焰，而避免换热介质向其他电池11扩散，从而提高换热效率。
参照图3和图4所示的示例，隔挡块32抵接于第一换热板211的侧壁和第二换热板212的侧壁，以使隔挡块32在电池11发生热失控时，将换热介质控制在相邻隔挡块32之间，充分阻挡换热介质的扩散。
参照图5和图6的示例，为了保证隔挡块32有效发挥阻挡换热介质的作用，隔挡块32在电池组的高度方向H的高度不小于第一换热板211和第二换热板212在电池组的高度方向H上的高度。在一些实施例中，在电池组的高度方向H上，隔挡块32突出于第一换热板211和第二换热板212。从而在电池11发生热失控时，更有效地阻隔从换热板21泄出的换热介质向偏离热失控的位置扩散，使更多的换热介质流入打开的防爆阀111，有效阻止电池热失控的蔓延。
具体地，如图7所示，导流件3可包括主体部34和连接部35。主体部34设置为多个，且连接部35连接于相邻两个主体部34之间。多个主体部34分别与多个电池11对应设置，且多个定位孔31分别设置于多个主体部34上。隔挡块32设置于连接部35上。
参照图7和图8，在一些实施例中，导流件3上设有凹槽33。凹槽33与定位孔31间隔开。导热连接件4的至少部分位于凹槽33内。具体地，凹槽33形成于连接部35的外侧上。其中，导热连接件4可为导热胶。换热板21通过涂覆于电池11顶部的导热胶粘接于电池11。在电池模块1上安装好导流件3后，安装换热板21前先在电池11顶部涂覆导热胶，然后将换热板21放置于电池11顶部，导热胶受换热板21挤压后向凹槽33内扩散，从而防止导热胶受挤压后向电池11的防爆阀111处聚集，进一步避免导热胶影响防爆阀111在热失控时的开启，有效阻止电池热失控的蔓延。如图7所示，凹槽33在电池组的长度方向L上的尺寸沿靠近连接部35的方向逐渐减小，使导热胶受挤压后顺利进入凹槽33。同时能够保证导热胶和换热板21的接触面积，从而提高连接强度。
参照图9且返回参照图2，导热连接件4也可为导热胶板，将导热胶板安装于电池11顶部，导热胶板受热粘接于电池11顶部和换热板21之间，导热胶板传热效率高，方便换热板21与电池11的粘接。如图2所示，其中换热板21未示出，为了便于说明，仅以某位置处的导热胶板受热熔化为例，S表示某位置处的导热胶板受热熔化并受换热板21挤压后扩散延伸到凹槽33内的部分，扩散延伸的部分S填充凹槽33，而避免熔化后过多聚集的胶体无可扩散空间而向防爆阀111扩散，影响防爆阀111的功能。图9中所示的导热胶板的形状仅为一示例，导热胶板的形状不受限制，可根据实际情况而定。
上面详细的说明描述多个示范性实施例，但本文不意欲限制到明确公开的组合。因此，除非另有说明，本文所公开的各种特征可以组合在一起而形成出于简明目的而未示出的多个另外组合。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电池组，包括电池模块(1)、换热构件(2)、导流件(3)以及导热连接件(4)；
    所述电池模块(1)包括电池(11)，所述电池(11)设置为多个，且各所述电池(11)设有防爆阀(111)；
    所述换热构件(2)包括换热板(21)，所述换热板(21)通过所述导热连接件(4)与多个所述电池(11)相连，且所述换热板(21)至少部分覆盖各所述防爆阀(111)；
    所述导流件(3)设置于多个所述电池(11)和所述换热板(21)之间，且所述导流件(3)上设有沿电池组的高度方向(H)贯穿的定位孔(31)，所述定位孔(31)将对应的所述防爆阀(111)露出；
    所述导流件(3)将对应的所述防爆阀(111)与所述导热连接件(4)间隔开。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其中，
    所述定位孔(31)设置为多个，且多个所述定位孔(31)沿电池组的长度方向(L)间隔设置，各所述定位孔(31)与各所述防爆阀(111)对应。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池组，其中，所述换热板(21)包括第一换热板(211)和第二换热板(212)；
    所述第一换热板(211)和所述第二换热板(212)沿电池组的宽度方向(W)间隔设置，且各所述防爆阀(111)同时被所述第一换热板(211)和所述第二换热板(212)覆盖；
    所述导流件(3)上设置有隔挡块(32)，所述隔挡块(32)设置于相邻两个定位孔(31)之间，且所述隔挡块(32)位于所述第一换热板(211)和所述第二换热板(212)之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池组，其中，在电池组的高度方向(H)上， 所述隔挡块(32)突出于所述第一换热板(211)和所述第二换热板(212)。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池组，其中，所述隔挡块(32)抵接于所述第一换热板(211)的侧壁和所述第二换热板(212)的侧壁。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的电池组，其中，所述导流件(3)上设有凹槽(33)，所述凹槽(33)与所述定位孔(31)间隔开，所述导热连接件(4)的至少部分位于凹槽(33)内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池组，其中，所述导流件(3)包括主体部(34)和连接部(35)；
    所述主体部(34)设置为多个，且所述连接部(35)连接于相邻两个所述主体部(34)之间；
    多个所述主体部(34)分别与多个所述电池(11)对应设置，且多个所述定位孔(31)分别设置于多个所述主体部(34)上；
    所述隔挡块(32)设置于所述连接部(35)上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池组，其中，所述凹槽(33)形成于所述连接部(35)的外侧上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池组，其中，所述凹槽(33)在所述电池组的长度方向(L)上的尺寸沿靠近所述连接部(35)的方向逐渐减小。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的电池组，其中，所述导热连接件(4)为导热胶板。
  11. 一种装置，包括如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的电池组，所述电池组用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2020/135947 2020-02-21 2020-12-11 电池组及装置 WO2021164392A1 (zh)

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