WO2024104278A1 - 一种电池组及储能设备 - Google Patents

一种电池组及储能设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024104278A1
WO2024104278A1 PCT/CN2023/131137 CN2023131137W WO2024104278A1 WO 2024104278 A1 WO2024104278 A1 WO 2024104278A1 CN 2023131137 W CN2023131137 W CN 2023131137W WO 2024104278 A1 WO2024104278 A1 WO 2024104278A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
heat exchange
battery
pipeline
square
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/131137
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
雷政军
陈孟奇
张三学
韩晓宇
Original Assignee
双澳储能科技(西安)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202223024933.3U external-priority patent/CN219144456U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202320109408.7U external-priority patent/CN219658840U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202320109394.9U external-priority patent/CN219457825U/zh
Application filed by 双澳储能科技(西安)有限公司 filed Critical 双澳储能科技(西安)有限公司
Publication of WO2024104278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024104278A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/673Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a battery pack and an energy storage device.
  • CN208078069U discloses a battery cell assembly and a battery pack, wherein the battery cell assembly includes a plurality of battery cells, a conductive tape, a first pole ear, and a second pole ear, wherein the plurality of battery cells are arranged side by side, the conductive tape is connected to the plurality of battery cells to connect two of the battery cells arranged at intervals or adjacent to each other in series, the first pole ear and the second pole ear are arranged on the same side of the plurality of battery cells arranged side by side, the first pole ear is connected to one of the battery cells through the conductive tape, and the second pole ear is connected to another of the battery cells through the conductive tape.
  • the above battery pack still has the following defects: after the battery pack has been used for a period of time, the electrolyte of each single cell will have a certain degree of difference.
  • the single cell with the least amount of electrolyte or the least effective ingredient will become the short board in the barrel effect, affecting the overall life of the battery pack, and the problem of poor electrolyte uniformity will cause inconsistent internal resistance of each single cell, which will lead to inconsistent heat generation of each single cell, posing a safety hazard.
  • the existing heat dissipation method of the battery pack is to dissipate heat from the battery pack by setting a liquid cooling circulation pipeline; however, it has been found through actual use that: due to the inconsistent heat generation of each single cell, if the existing heat dissipation method is used, it is necessary to increase the flow path or flow area of the liquid cooling medium in the liquid cooling circulation pipeline to ensure the heat dissipation effect, but such a heat dissipation method will bring about problems such as large battery pack volume, complex manufacturing and assembly, numerous supporting equipment, and high cost.
  • a technical solution adopted in this application is to provide a battery pack and energy storage device.
  • the battery pack of the present application includes a fixed component, a shared pipeline component, a heat exchange component and a plurality of square batteries, wherein the plurality of square batteries are connected in parallel;
  • the fixed component is used to connect the plurality of square batteries side by side to form a battery pack;
  • the shared pipeline component is used to penetrate the inner cavity of the plurality of square batteries so that all the square batteries in the battery pack are in one electrolyte system;
  • the heat exchange component is used to be fixedly connected to the poles on the same side of the plurality of square batteries so that all the square batteries in the battery pack can exchange heat with the outside.
  • the present application forms a battery pack by connecting a plurality of square batteries in the battery pack in parallel and fixing them through a fixed component, and at the same time setting a shared pipeline component so that all the square batteries in the battery pack are in the same electrolyte system, thereby weakening the adverse effects caused by the barrel effect, ensuring the uniformity of the electrolyte of each square battery in the battery pack, and improving the cycle life; at the same time, the improvement of uniformity also reduces the difference in the heat generation of each single cell, so that each single cell can basically maintain balanced heat generation, and reduces the probability of thermal runaway due to excessive heat generation of individual batteries.
  • the shared pipeline component can also replenish electrolyte for the battery pack, further extending the service life of the battery pack.
  • each single cell basically maintains a state of balanced heating
  • the present application adopts a method of connecting a heat exchange component to each single cell pole to transfer the heat of the pole where the heat is most concentrated on each single cell to the outside for heat dissipation.
  • This heat dissipation method not only achieves balanced heat dissipation of each single cell in the battery pack and improves the safety of the battery pack, but also has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture and assemble, and has a low manufacturing cost.
  • the shared pipeline assembly includes an injection pipeline
  • the square battery includes an injection channel
  • the injection channel is provided with a sealing mechanism
  • each square battery is connected to the injection pipeline through the injection channel
  • one end of the injection pipeline serves as the main injection port, and the other end is closed
  • the sealing mechanism is used to seal the injection channel
  • the sealing mechanism dissolves when encountering electrolyte or forms an opening under the action of external force, thereby allowing the injection channel to pass through, so as to achieve the connection between the injection pipeline and the electrolyte chamber of the square battery.
  • the setting of the injection pipeline and the sealing mechanism allows the battery pack to keep the electrode assembly in each square battery from contacting the air before forming a shared electrolyte system.
  • each square battery Before forming the battery pack, each square battery can be divided into different capacities, and square batteries with good consistency are used to form the battery pack.
  • the sealing mechanism When forming the battery pack, when injection is required, the sealing mechanism is removed and the electrolyte is uniformly injected, so that the performance of the battery pack is better.
  • the injection pipeline includes a plurality of manifolds and a plurality of connecting tubes; the plurality of manifolds are respectively arranged on each square battery shell, and each manifold is laid along the thickness direction or width direction of the square battery shell; the manifolds on two adjacent square batteries are connected by a connecting tube.
  • the manifold and the shell are designed as an integrated whole and connected by connecting tubes, so that the square battery shell and the battery pack composed of the shell are easy to process, economical and practical, and have good sealing effect.
  • both ends of the connecting tube include connecting nozzles, both ends of the manifold are provided with connecting ports, and the connecting nozzles are embedded in the connecting ports for sealing connection; or both ends of the connecting tube include connecting ports, both ends of the manifold are provided with connecting nozzles, and the connecting nozzles are embedded in the connecting ports for sealing connection.
  • the provision of the connecting nozzles and the connecting ports makes the splicing of the manifold and the connecting tube simpler and more convenient, and can also make the square batteries arranged closely, thereby reducing the volume of the battery pack.
  • connection nozzle is a tapered nozzle
  • connection nozzle and the connection port are interference fit; or the connection nozzle and the connection port are threadedly connected.
  • the tapered nozzle can be better spliced with the connection port, the interference fit can improve the air tightness of the shared pipeline assembly, and the threaded connection is convenient for installation, low cost, and good air tightness.
  • a detachable explosion relief mechanism is provided on the main injection port of the injection pipeline, and the closed end of the injection pipeline is sealed with a plugging piece.
  • the setting of the explosion relief mechanism enables the shared pipeline assembly to be used as an explosion relief channel at the same time.
  • the shared electrolyte channel serves as the explosion relief channel, and the thermal runaway smoke is discharged through the explosion relief mechanism.
  • the sealing mechanism is a sealing sheet provided with a traction ring, and the traction ring tears the sealing sheet to form an opening under the traction of an external force; or the sealing mechanism is a sealing film with a protective film attached, the sealing film dissolves in the electrolyte, the protective film does not dissolve in the electrolyte, the protective film is attached to the side of the sealing film facing the inner cavity of the square battery, and when the sealing film dissolves in the electrolyte, the protective film falls off.
  • the sealing mechanism can be opened by an external force or by dissolving in the electrolyte. Both methods can meet the requirements of the assembly, formation, and capacity division steps when making a single square battery, and are convenient and simple to open when forming a battery pack.
  • the heat exchange assembly includes a heat transfer tube, the pole is provided with a through slot, and the heat transfer tube is fixed in the through slot.
  • the pole is where the heat of the square battery is most obvious.
  • the cross section of the through groove is C-shaped or U-shaped; the ratio of the diameter of the heat transfer tube to the widest part of the through groove is 1:1.05 to 1:1.1; the ratio of the length of the through groove to the width of the upper cover of the square battery is 0.7:1 to 0.9:1.
  • the arc formed at both ends of the C-shaped through groove has natural tension, which is conducive to tightly clamping the heat transfer tube in the through groove;
  • the U-shaped through groove has an opening width close to the widest part of the through groove, which is convenient for placing the heat transfer tube and can provide sufficient operating space for special tooling to flatten the heat transfer tube or fit the heat transfer tube and the through groove more tightly.
  • the square battery housing includes an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate and a cylinder
  • the pole insulator is arranged on the upper cover plate, the lower cover plate and the manifold are integrally formed aluminum extrusions
  • the cylinder is an aluminum extrusion
  • the lower cover plate and the cylinder are fixed by laser welding.
  • the extrusion process has low cost, and the welding fixation process has good sealing effect.
  • the fixing component is a fixed shell, and several of the square batteries are fixedly arranged side by side in the fixed shell; or the fixing component includes a first assembly part and a second assembly part, the first assembly part is fixedly connected to the cylindrical side wall of the square battery, and is used to fix several square batteries placed side by side as a whole; the second assembly part is located below the several square batteries placed side by side, and is fixedly connected to the lower cover plate of the square battery.
  • the energy storage equipment comprises a box, a fixing frame, a temperature control device, a BMS system and at least two battery packs;
  • the fixing frame is arranged in the box, and at least two battery packs are connected in series and fixed on the fixing frame;
  • the battery pack comprises a fixing component, a heat exchange component, a shared pipeline component and a plurality of square batteries;
  • the fixing component fixes and connects the plurality of square batteries into a whole, and the plurality of square batteries are arranged in parallel, and the shared pipeline component is used to penetrate the inner cavities of the plurality of square batteries so that all the square batteries in the battery pack are in an electrolyte system;
  • the heat exchange component is used to realize heat exchange between the battery pack and the temperature control device;
  • the temperature control device is arranged outside the box, and is used to realize heating or cooling of each battery pack through the heat exchange component;
  • the BMS system is used to manage the at least two battery packs, and comprises a BMS host and the same number of BMS slaves as the battery packs,
  • the present application realizes heat exchange between each square battery and the battery pack itself by setting a heat exchange component in the battery pack of the energy storage device, and the heat exchange component is connected to the pole where each square battery generates the most heat, and at the same time, a temperature control device is set outside the box, which not only ensures the uniformity of heating or cooling of each square battery in the battery pack, but also can directly conduct the temperature of the square battery with higher temperature, thereby improving the heat dissipation performance of the square battery and the battery pack.
  • the temperature control device can also be used to transfer heat to the heat exchange component to automatically heat up the square batteries in each battery pack.
  • the battery pack is further provided with two electrical connectors; one of the electrical connectors is electrically connected to all positive poles of the plurality of square batteries on the battery pack, and the other electrical connector is connected to all negative poles of the plurality of square batteries on the battery pack; the electrical connector connected to the positive pole on one battery pack is connected to the electrical connector connected to the negative pole on another adjacent battery pack, so that two adjacent battery packs are connected in series.
  • the electrical connector Through the electrical connector, the positive poles and negative poles of all square batteries are uniformly connected, so that the square batteries constituting the battery pack can be connected in parallel, with a simple structure and good effect.
  • the electrical connector includes a first connector and a second connector, wherein the first connector is electrically connected to all positive or negative poles on the battery pack, and the second connector is electrically connected to the second connector of the electrical connector on another adjacent battery pack, so that the adjacent battery packs are connected in series.
  • the provision of the first connector and the second connector further refines the functional area of the electrical connector, wherein the first connector is used to connect all square batteries in parallel, and the second connector realizes the series connection between battery packs, simplifies the connection structure between battery packs, increases the current-carrying area of the electrical connection between battery packs, and eliminates the need to provide a separate connection device between battery packs, thereby having a simple structure and good effect.
  • the electrical connector includes a buffer groove; the buffer groove is arranged on a side of the first connection portion close to the second connection portion.
  • the buffer groove can be fine-tuned to make the series connection easier when there is a slight error in the placement of the battery pack, avoid repeated movement of the battery pack, and provide a buffer space for slight displacement during transportation.
  • the heat exchange component has many specific configuration methods. Considering the heat exchange efficiency and reasonable matching with other components, this application mainly provides the following two methods:
  • the first heat exchange assembly includes a first-level heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange between the battery pack and the temperature control device is realized through the first-level heat exchange tube; the specific connection relationship is: the first part of the first-level heat exchange tube is connected to all positive poles or negative poles on the battery pack, and the second part is connected to the temperature control device, and the first-level heat exchange tube and the temperature control device are kept insulated.
  • the first-level heat exchange tube and the temperature control device There are several ways to keep the first-level heat exchange tube and the temperature control device insulated: one is that the first-level heat exchange tube is insulated from the positive and negative poles respectively, the second is that the first-level heat exchange tube is insulated from the temperature control device, and the third is that the first-level heat exchange tube itself is an insulating material.
  • the first-level heat exchange tube can be made of an insulating plastic tube to pass liquid media such as water into the inside to realize heat exchange.
  • the first type preferably selects a heat pipe as the first-level heat exchange tube.
  • an insulating film can be set between the first-level heat exchange tube and the positive and negative poles respectively, or an insulating film can be set at the position where the first-level heat exchange tube is connected to the temperature control device.
  • the temperature control device equipped when the first heat exchange component uses heat pipes is selected as TEC (i.e. semiconductor refrigerator).
  • TEC i.e. semiconductor refrigerator
  • the second type of heat exchange component its basic principle is to adopt a two-stage heat exchange mechanism, the specific structure of the second type of heat exchange component includes a primary heat exchange tube, a secondary heat exchange tube and an insulating heat exchange component; the first part of the primary heat exchange tube is connected to all positive poles or negative poles on the battery pack, the second part of the primary heat exchange tube is insulated and heat-exchanged with the first part of the secondary heat exchange tube through the insulating heat exchange component, and the second part of the secondary heat exchange tube is connected to the temperature control device.
  • At least one first mounting part and at least one second mounting part are provided on the insulating heat exchange component; the first mounting part is used to mount the other part of the primary heat exchange tube, the second mounting part is used to mount a part of the secondary heat exchange tube, and the primary heat exchange tube is insulated from the first mounting part, or the secondary heat exchange tube is insulated from the second mounting part, or the first mounting part and the second mounting part are insulated.
  • the first mounting part and the second mounting part are holes or grooves.
  • the first-level heat exchange tube adopts a heat pipe
  • the second-level heat exchange tube can also adopt a heat pipe or can adopt an aluminum tube with liquid medium such as water passing inside (i.e., a liquid cooling tube) to realize heat exchange.
  • the second-level heat exchange tube provided in the present application needs to adopt a liquid cooling tube. In this way, the temperature control device that realizes heat exchange with the second-level heat exchange tube also needs to adopt a liquid cooling method.
  • the first-level heat exchange tube in the second type of heat exchange component is a heat pipe and the second-level heat exchange tube is a liquid cooling tube.
  • the specific structure of the temperature control device matched with the second heat exchange component is as follows: the temperature control device includes a cooling and heating machine, a radiator, a circulation pump and a control valve assembly; the cooling and heating machine is used to actively increase the temperature or actively cool the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube, the liquid inlet of the cooling and heating machine is connected to the outlet of the secondary heat exchange tube through a first pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the cooling and heating machine is connected to the inlet of the secondary heat exchange tube through a second pipeline; the radiator is connected to the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and is used to passively cool the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube; the circulation pump is arranged on the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and is used to provide power for the flow of the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube; the control valve assembly is arranged on the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and the control valve assembly is used to control the connection between the cooling and heating machine and the radiator to achieve passive cooling of the medium; or, the control valve assembly controls the cooling and heating machine and the radiator to be disconnected
  • control valve assembly includes a three-way electric valve, a first port of the three-way electric valve is connected to the liquid inlet of the cooling and heating machine, a second port is connected to the first pipeline, and a third port is connected to the outlet of the radiator.
  • control valve assembly includes a first electric valve and a second electric valve, the first electric valve is arranged at the outlet of the radiator, and the second electric valve is arranged on the first pipeline, or the first electric valve is arranged at the inlet of the radiator, and the second electric valve is arranged on the second pipeline.
  • the temperature control device further comprises an electrical control box, which is respectively connected to the cooling and heating machine, the circulation pump and the control valve assembly, and is used to control the working status of the cooling and heating machine, the circulation pump and the control valve assembly, and the electrical control box is connected to the BMS system for communication.
  • the electrical control box can timely control the working status of the cooling and heating machine, the circulation pump and the control valve assembly, and at the same time, the electrical control box can operate the cooling and heating machine, the circulation pump and the control valve assembly on site, and has the characteristics of convenient operation.
  • the present embodiment also provides another energy storage device, which includes a box, a fixing frame, a flue gas treatment device, a BMS system and at least two battery packs;
  • the fixing frame is arranged in the box, and at least two battery packs are connected in series and then fixed on the fixing frame;
  • the battery pack includes a fixing component, a shared pipe component and a plurality of square batteries;
  • the fixing component fixes the plurality of square batteries into a whole, and the plurality of square batteries are arranged in parallel;
  • the shared pipe component is used to penetrate the inner cavities of the plurality of square batteries so that all the square batteries in the battery pack are in the same electrolyte system;
  • the flue gas treatment device is connected to the shared pipe component on each battery pack so that when any square battery has thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged through the shared pipe component to the flue gas treatment device for treatment;
  • the BMS system is used to manage the at least two battery packs, including a BMS host and the same number of BMS slaves as
  • each square battery in the battery pack is in the same electrolyte system through a shared pipeline assembly, which not only ensures that each square battery is always in dynamic balance, but also that under the same electrolyte system, the temperature of each square battery in the same battery pack can be in a relatively balanced state, and to a certain extent avoids the probability of thermal runaway caused by the large difference in temperature between a certain square battery and other square batteries, resulting in serious self-heating, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device.
  • this application sets a flue gas treatment device, and the thermal runaway flue gas is harmlessly treated after being discharged to the flue gas treatment device, which can avoid the occurrence of open flames in the energy storage device box.
  • the energy storage device of the present application reduces the probability of thermal runaway events at the front end through the shared pipeline assembly, and at the back end, the shared pipeline assembly and the flue gas treatment device work together to reasonably and effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas, greatly improving the safety of the energy storage device.
  • the thermal runaway flue gas is harmlessly treated after being discharged to the flue gas treatment device, which can avoid the occurrence of open flames in the energy storage device box, further improving the overall safety of the energy storage device.
  • the flue gas treatment device can also prevent the entire fire protection system from being activated when a single battery pack thermally runs away and catches fire, so that all battery packs in the box are immersed in the fire extinguishing agent and damage other normal batteries.
  • the battery pack is also provided with two electrical connectors; one of which is electrically connected to all positive poles of several square batteries on the battery pack, and the other is connected to all negative poles of several square batteries on the battery pack; the electrical connector connected to the positive pole on one battery pack is connected to the electrical connector connected to the negative pole on another adjacent battery pack, so that two adjacent battery packs are connected in series.
  • the electrical connector includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion, wherein the first connecting portion is connected to all positive or negative electrodes on the battery pack.
  • the first connecting part and the second connecting part are electrically connected to the pole, and the second connecting part is electrically connected to the second connecting part of the electrical connector on another adjacent battery pack, so that the adjacent battery packs are connected in series.
  • the arrangement of the first connecting part and the second connecting part further refines the functional area of the electrical connector.
  • the first connecting part is used to connect all square batteries in parallel, and the second connecting part realizes the series connection between battery packs, simplifies the connection structure between battery packs, increases the current-carrying area of the electrical connection between battery packs, and eliminates the need to set a connection device between battery packs separately.
  • the structure is simple and the effect is good.
  • the electrical connector includes a buffer groove; the buffer groove is arranged on a side of the first connection portion close to the second connection portion.
  • the buffer groove can be fine-tuned to make the series connection easier when there is a slight error in the placement of the battery pack, avoid repeated movement of the battery pack, and provide a buffer space for slight displacement during transportation.
  • the shared pipeline component has many specific settings:
  • the first setting mode the shared pipeline assembly includes an injection pipeline, and each square battery is connected to the injection pipeline through its own injection channel; one end of the injection pipeline is provided with an explosion relief mechanism for connecting to the flue gas treatment device, and the other end is closed.
  • the injection pipeline can be a complete pipeline installed on the battery pack, and injection channels are provided on all square batteries in the battery pack, so that the injection channel and the injection pipeline are connected. Such a setting plays two roles.
  • the first is that electrolyte can be pre-injected into the pipeline to improve the uniformity of the electrolyte, and avoid the different battery capacities caused by the uneven electrolyte of each square battery in the battery pack, which causes the barrel effect; the electrolyte can also be supplemented after the battery pack completes multiple cycles and the capacity decays, so as to increase the concentration of active substances in each square battery in the battery pack, such as lithium ions and various additives, which can repair the capacity of the battery pack to a certain extent.
  • the second is that when any square battery in the battery pack has thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas can be uniformly discharged through the pipeline and the explosion relief mechanism to avoid disorderly discharge and cause safety accidents.
  • the injection pipeline includes a number of manifolds and a number of connecting pipes.
  • the manifolds are respectively arranged on each square battery shell, and each manifold is laid along the thickness direction or width direction of the square battery shell; the manifolds on two adjacent square batteries are connected by a connecting pipe to form an injection pipeline.
  • Such a design reduces the difficulty of sealing installation between the injection pipeline and the square battery, and solves the problem of leakage between the injection channel and the injection pipeline on the square battery shell.
  • the above-mentioned manifold and square battery shell can be formed by extrusion or other one-piece molding process to further simplify the assembly process and reduce costs.
  • the flue gas treatment device is another core component of this application, and there are many specific ways to set it up:
  • the flue gas treatment device may be an ignition unit outside the box for igniting the thermal runaway flue gas; or, the flue gas treatment device may be an adsorption unit arranged inside or outside the box for adsorbing the thermal runaway flue gas; or, the flue gas treatment device may be a cooling unit arranged inside or outside the box for cooling the thermal runaway flue gas.
  • the ignition unit, adsorption unit, and cooling unit described above can all independently undertake the work of flue gas treatment.
  • the thermal runaway flue gas includes flammable gases, which can be discharged after being ignited by the ignition unit, thereby reducing the risk of explosion and reducing pollution to the environment;
  • the adsorption unit can adsorb particulate objects, toxic and harmful gases, and corrosive liquids in the thermal runaway flue gas, and discharge the remaining dischargeable gases out of the box;
  • the cooling unit can cool down the high-temperature thermal runaway flue gas and condense the liquid, greatly reducing the safety problems caused by the high-temperature overheated mixture.
  • the ignition unit, adsorption unit, and cooling unit are combined in different forms, not only can each group play its original role, but also have a synergistic effect to optimize the treatment effect of thermal runaway flue gas.
  • the flue gas treatment device includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit; the cooling unit and the adsorption unit are arranged inside or outside the box; the flue gas input end of the cooling unit is connected to the shared pipeline assembly on each battery pack through the flue gas channel, and the flue gas output end of the cooling unit is connected to the adsorption unit.
  • the adsorption unit and the cooling unit cool the thermal runaway flue gas before adsorption to avoid damage to the adsorption unit and reduce the subsequent maintenance cost.
  • the smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit and an ignition unit; the smoke treatment device is a cooling unit inside or outside the box, and an ignition unit arranged outside the box; the smoke input end of the cooling unit is connected to the shared pipeline assembly on each battery pack through the smoke channel, and the smoke output end of the cooling unit is connected to the ignition unit.
  • the cooling unit ignition unit ignites the gas and particulate matter that have been cooled by the cooling unit and have less liquid, thereby improving the efficiency of ignition and then improving the efficiency of treating the thermal runaway smoke.
  • the smoke treatment device includes an adsorption unit and an ignition unit; the smoke treatment device is an adsorption unit inside or outside the box, and an ignition unit arranged outside the box, and the smoke input end of the adsorption unit is connected to the shared pipeline assembly on each battery pack through the smoke channel.
  • the flue gas output end of the adsorption unit is connected to the ignition unit.
  • the adsorption unit ignition unit can ignite the gas after the toxic and harmful substances and liquids are adsorbed by the adsorption unit, and the ignition effect is better and more environmentally friendly.
  • the flue gas treatment device includes a cooling unit, an adsorption unit and an ignition unit; the cooling unit and the adsorption unit are arranged inside or outside the box; the ignition unit is arranged outside the box; the flue gas input end of the cooling unit is connected to the shared pipeline assembly on each battery pack through the flue gas channel, the flue gas output end of the cooling unit is connected to the flue gas inlet end of the adsorption unit, and the flue gas outlet end of the adsorption unit is connected to the ignition unit.
  • the synergistic effect of the combination of the ignition unit, the adsorption unit and the cooling unit is the best.
  • FIG1 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of a battery pack in Example 1;
  • FIG2 is a second structural schematic diagram of the battery pack in Example 1;
  • FIG3 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of a battery housing in Example 1;
  • FIG4 is a second structural schematic diagram of the battery housing in Example 1;
  • FIG5a is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the lower cover plate of the battery housing in Example 1;
  • FIG5b is a second schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the lower cover plate of the battery housing in Example 1;
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery housing and the connector in Example 1;
  • FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery housing and the sealing film in Example 1
  • FIG7b is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the battery housing and the sealing film in Example 1;
  • FIG7c is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram 1 of the lower cover plate and the sealing film in Example 1;
  • FIG7d is a second schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the lower cover plate and the sealing film in Example 1;
  • FIG8a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery housing and the sealing sheet in Example 1;
  • FIG8b is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a battery housing and a sealing sheet in Example 1;
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pole in Example 1.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure after the upper cover plate and the pole are installed in Example 1;
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure after various poles are fixed to the conductive connection base in Example 1;
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of the pole in Example 1;
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram showing the size definition of the upper cover plate and the pole in Example 1;
  • FIG14 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of the energy storage device in Example 2.
  • FIG15a is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage device fixing frame in Example 2.
  • FIG15 b is a second structural schematic diagram of the energy storage device in Example 2.
  • FIG16a is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack from a first viewing angle in Example 2;
  • FIG16b is a schematic structural diagram of the battery pack in Example 2 from a second viewing angle
  • FIG16c is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery pack in Example 2 from a first viewing angle
  • FIG16d is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery pack in Example 2 from a second viewing angle
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrical connector in Example 2.
  • FIG18a is a schematic structural diagram of a square battery from a first viewing angle in Example 2;
  • FIG18b is a schematic structural diagram of a square battery in Example 2 from a second viewing angle
  • FIG18c is an exploded schematic diagram of the structural connection state of two square batteries and a connector in Example 2;
  • FIG18d is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a square battery and a connector in Example 2;
  • FIG18e is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the lower cover plate of the square battery in Example 2 (the injection channel is a circular hole);
  • FIG18f is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the lower cover plate and the sealing film of the square battery in Example 2 (the sealing film is in the shape of a long strip);
  • FIG18g is a schematic diagram of the structure of a square battery and a sealing sheet in Example 2;
  • FIG18h is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a square battery and a sealing sheet in Example 2;
  • FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pole in Example 2.
  • FIG20 is a schematic diagram of the structure after the pole and the conductive connection seat are fixed in Example 2;
  • FIG21 is an exploded schematic diagram of the upper cover plate in Example 2.
  • Figure 22a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat exchange component in Example 2.
  • FIG22b is a schematic structural diagram of the first mounting member in the heat exchange assembly in Example 2;
  • FIG22c is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating heat conductive sheet in the heat exchange assembly in Example 2;
  • FIG23a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the temperature control device in Example 2.
  • FIG23b is a schematic structural diagram of another temperature control device in Example 2.
  • FIG23c is a schematic structural diagram of another temperature control device in Example 2.
  • FIG23d is a schematic structural diagram of a first angle of another temperature control device in Example 2.
  • FIG23e is a schematic structural diagram of a second angle of another temperature control device in Example 2.
  • FIG24a is a schematic structural diagram of the flue gas treatment device at a first angle in Example 3;
  • FIG24b is a schematic structural diagram of the flue gas treatment device in Example 3 from a second angle
  • FIG24c is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adsorption tank of the flue gas treatment device in Example 3;
  • Figure 24d is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ignition unit of the flue gas treatment device in Example 3.
  • the present application provides a battery pack, the basic structure of which is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 .
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of square batteries 1100, a fixing assembly 1200, a shared pipe assembly 1300 and a heat exchange assembly 1400.
  • the plurality of square batteries 1100 are connected in parallel;
  • the fixing assembly 1200 is used to Several square batteries 1100 are fixedly connected side by side to form a battery pack;
  • the shared pipe assembly 1300 is used to penetrate the inner cavities of several square batteries 1100 so that all square batteries 1100 in the battery pack are in one electrolyte system;
  • the heat exchange assembly 1400 is used to be fixedly connected to the poles on the same side of several square batteries 1100 so as to realize heat exchange between all square batteries 1100 in the battery pack and the outside.
  • the present application forms a battery pack by connecting several square batteries in a battery pack in parallel and fixing them through a fixed assembly, and at the same time setting a shared pipe assembly 1300 so that all square batteries in the battery pack are in the same electrolyte system, which can enhance the uniformity of the electrolyte of each square battery in the battery pack and improve the cycle life.
  • the electrolyte can also be replaced or supplemented for the battery pack through the shared pipe assembly to extend the service life of the battery pack; the setting of the heat exchange assembly can control the temperature of the battery pack by connecting a temperature control device to improve the safety of the battery pack.
  • the specific structure of the fixing assembly 1200 in this embodiment is as follows: it includes a first assembly 1201 and a second assembly 1202.
  • the first assembly 1201 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the cylinder of the square battery 1100, and is used to fix the several square batteries 1100 placed side by side into a whole;
  • the second assembly 1202 is located below the several square batteries 1100 placed side by side, and is fixedly connected to the lower cover of the square battery 1100.
  • the fixing assembly can also be a fixed shell, and several square batteries are fixedly arranged side by side in the fixed shell.
  • the structure of the shared pipeline assembly 1300 in this embodiment is as follows: it includes an injection pipeline. Each square battery 1100 is connected to the injection pipeline through its own injection channel; one end of the injection pipeline serves as the main injection port, and the other end is closed; the square battery includes a sealing mechanism, which is arranged at the injection channel of the square battery 1100, and is used to seal the square battery 1100, and the sealing mechanism dissolves when encountering the electrolyte or forms an opening under the action of an external force, thereby allowing the injection channel to pass through, so as to achieve the connection between the injection pipeline and the electrolyte cavity of the square battery.
  • the setting of the injection pipeline and the sealing mechanism enables the battery pack to keep the inner cavity of each square battery sealed before forming a shared electrolyte system, and the electrode assembly, electrolyte, etc. do not contact the air.
  • the sealing mechanism is removed and the electrolyte is uniformly injected.
  • the heat exchange component 1400 in this embodiment can be in the following two forms:
  • the heat exchange component is a heat transfer tube, which can be a heat pipe, a copper tube, an aluminum tube, a ceramic tube, etc.
  • the heat transfer tube is connected to the poles on the same side of the battery pack, so as to conduct the heat concentrated on each square shell battery pole for heat exchange.
  • insulation treatment is done to ensure the normal operation of the battery pack.
  • the heat exchange component can also directly use a water cooling tube, the water cooling tube and the pole are insulated, and the water cooling tube is connected to the pole on the same side of the battery pack, so as to conduct the heat concentrated on each square shell battery pole for heat exchange.
  • the square battery of this embodiment is formed by an upper cover plate 11, a lower cover plate 12, and a cylinder 13.
  • the upper cover plate 11 is provided with a pole 15, and the lower cover plate 12 is provided with a manifold 14.
  • the lower cover plate 12 is provided with a first through hole 121, and a manifold 14 covering the first through hole 121 and extending along the width direction of the lower cover plate is also provided.
  • the manifold 14 is provided with a second through hole 142, and the first through hole 121 and the second through hole 142 are connected.
  • the first through hole 121 and the second through hole 142 are respectively circular holes, or they can be long strip through holes as shown in Figure 5b.
  • the manifold 14 is designed as an integral part of the lower cover plate 12, and the first through hole and the second through hole constitute a liquid injection channel.
  • the manifold is disposed on the cylinder of the square battery and extends along the length or width direction of the lower cover. In some embodiments, the manifold is disposed on the lower cover of the square battery and extends along the length direction of the lower cover. In some embodiments, when the square batteries are used to form a battery pack that does not share electrolyte, the manifold 14 is spliced to form a through injection pipeline that can serve as an explosion relief channel for the battery pack, and a plugging piece is provided at one end of the explosion relief channel, and the other end serves as a flue gas outlet.
  • the thermal runaway flue gas in the square battery is discharged to the explosion relief channel through the injection channel, and is discharged from the flue gas outlet of the explosion relief channel.
  • a flue gas treatment device can be provided at the flue gas outlet to cool and adsorb the thermal runaway flue gas, or ignite it.
  • the manifolds 14 are spliced to form a through injection pipeline, which can also be used as a shared electrolyte channel for the battery pack.
  • a plugging piece is provided at one end to close the shared electrolyte channel, and a detachable injection mechanism is provided at the other end to replace the detachable explosion relief mechanism 143.
  • the electrolyte injected by the injection mechanism enters the battery housing through the injection channel, so that all square batteries in the battery pack are in a uniform electrolyte environment, which can effectively improve the uniformity of the electrolyte in the battery pack.
  • the injection mechanism is replaced with the explosion relief mechanism 143.
  • the injection pipeline can still be used as an explosion relief channel.
  • the shared pipeline assembly can also be used to replenish and replace the battery pack.
  • the battery pack is used for more than a certain number of years and the electrolyte is depleted, extracting the electrolyte and replacing it with a new one or directly replenishing it with a new one will help extend the service life of the battery pack.
  • the explosion relief mechanism is reinstalled to discharge the thermal runaway smoke.
  • the injection pipeline includes a plurality of manifolds 14 and a plurality of connecting tubes 17; the plurality of manifolds 14 are respectively arranged on each square battery 1100 shell, and each manifold is laid along the thickness direction or width direction of the square battery 1100 shell; the manifolds 14 on two adjacent square batteries 1100 are connected by a connecting tube 17.
  • the manifold is designed as an integrated whole with the square battery 1100 shell and connected by the connecting tube, so that the square battery shell is easy to process, economical and practical, and has a good sealing effect.
  • the manifolds 14 are connected and fixed by a connecting tube 17 to form an explosion relief channel and/or an electrolyte sharing channel.
  • the outer dimensions of the connecting tube 17 are comparable to those of the manifolds 14, which helps to improve the stability of the connection between the manifolds 14.
  • the connecting tube 17 includes two connecting nozzles 171, and connecting ports 141 are provided at both ends of the manifold 14, and the connecting nozzles 171 are embedded in the connecting ports 141 for sealing connection; or the connecting tube includes two connecting ports, and connecting nozzles are provided at both ends of the manifold, and the connecting nozzles are embedded in the connecting ports for sealing connection.
  • the shape of the connecting nozzle is preferably slightly conical, which is convenient for insertion into the connecting port, and the connecting nozzle and the connecting port are preferably interference fit, and the connecting nozzle and the connecting port are riveted, and adhesives such as epoxy glue can be added to the riveted surface during riveting to further improve the sealing and fixing effects, or the connecting nozzle and the connecting port are threadedly connected.
  • a sealing film 181 is provided on the injection channel.
  • the sealing film 181 has two usage scenarios: it is used as an explosion relief film. When a square battery has thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke enters the explosion relief channel formed by the manifold 14 after breaking or melting the sealing film 181. It is used as an injection sealing film.
  • the sealing film 181 can be dissolved when it encounters an electrolyte. Before the square shell battery forms a shared electrolyte system, the inner cavity of the square shell battery can be isolated from the external air, and a protective film is attached to the side of the sealing film 181 facing the inside of the shell to prevent the electrolyte in the battery from dissolving the sealing film 181 in advance.
  • the electrolyte When the electrolyte needs to be injected, the electrolyte enters the electrolyte sharing channel formed by the manifold 14. After the sealing film 181 is dissolved by the electrolyte, the protective film attached to it also falls off, so that the electrolyte can enter the battery shell, so as to achieve the effect of interconnection between the electrolytes of each square battery in the battery pack.
  • This method avoids the use of other tools and has low requirements for the operating environment. As long as the electrolyte sharing channel is sealed in time after the electrolyte is injected, it can ensure that the electrolyte and electrode components are not exposed to the air.
  • a sealing sheet 182 is provided on the injection channel, and a traction ring 1821 is provided on the sealing sheet 182.
  • the traction ring 1821 is threaded with a traction line.
  • the sealing sheet 182 of each square battery is torn open by pulling the traction lines threaded through all the traction rings 1821, so that all square batteries form openings, so that the electrolyte is uniformly injected into all square batteries, so as to achieve the effect of interconnection of the electrolytes of each square battery in the battery pack.
  • This operation should be completed in a vacuum environment to prevent the battery assembly from being exposed to the air.
  • the heat exchange assembly 1400 uses a heat transfer tube.
  • a through groove is provided on the pole of the square shell battery, and the heat transfer tube is clamped in the groove of the pole, so as to conduct the heat concentrated on each square shell battery pole for heat exchange.
  • the pole 15 in the present embodiment is a columnar body, which includes a first end face 151, a second end face 152 and a side wall 153. At least one through slot 150 is provided on the first end face 151 or the side wall 153 to install the heat transfer pipe, that is, the opening of the through slot 150 is located on the first end face 151 or the side wall 153.
  • the first end face 151 is provided with an electrical connection area, and the second end face 152 is used to provide a conductive connection seat 154 to electrically connect with the electrode assembly in the square shell battery housing.
  • the pole 15 is fixed on the upper cover 11 of the square battery.
  • a first insulating member 112 and a second insulating member 111 are further provided.
  • the first insulating member 112 is placed on the upper cover 11
  • the second insulating member 111 is placed under the upper cover 11 .
  • the pole 15 passes through the second insulating member 111 , the upper cover 11 , and the first insulating member 112 in sequence and is then fixed on the upper cover 11 .
  • the conductive connection seat 154 in this embodiment is specifically a conductive connection sheet, which has a thickness of 2-3 mm and a rectangular shape. Different shapes can also be set according to different needs.
  • the conductive connection seats of the positive pole and the negative pole are made of different materials.
  • the positive pole is made of aluminum sheet and the negative pole is made of copper sheet.
  • the conductive connection seat 154 can be integrally formed with the positive pole and fixed with the negative pole by welding or clamping.
  • the specific fixing method varies according to the material selected for the pole or the conductive connection sheet. It is also possible to add a layer of copper sheet to the integrally formed pole and conductive connection sheet made of aluminum as the conductive connection sheet of the negative pole.
  • FIG11 and FIG12 it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the poles of various structures connected to the conductive connection seat in this embodiment.
  • the height of the pole a and the pole b are h1
  • the distance from the lowest point of the through slot to the second end face 152 is h2
  • the widest point of the through slot is h3.
  • h3 the depth of the through groove is h4.
  • the cross section of the through groove 150 is C-shaped or U-shaped.
  • the schematic diagram of the structure of pole a, pole b, pole c, pole d, pole n, pole p, pole q, and pole r is a through groove with a C-shaped cross section, and the opening width of the through groove is less than the widest part h3 of the through groove.
  • Such a design is conducive to the interference fit of the heat transfer tube in the through groove 150.
  • the arc formed at both ends of the C-shaped through groove has natural tension, which is conducive to the heat transfer tube being tightly clamped in the through groove.
  • the schematic diagram of the structure of pole e, pole f, pole g, and pole m is a through groove with a U-shaped cross section, and the opening width of the through groove is slightly less than the widest part h3 of the through groove, which is convenient for placing the heat transfer tube and can provide sufficient operating space for special tooling to flatten the heat transfer tube or fit the heat transfer tube to the through groove more closely.
  • the through groove 150 can be placed on the first end face 151 of the pole, and at this time, the first end face 151, except for the vacancy at the opening of the through groove, is partially or entirely used as an electrical connection area for connecting the pole plate.
  • the through groove 150 can be placed on the side wall 153 of the pole, and at this time, the first end face 151 is entirely used as an electrical connection area for connecting the pole plate.
  • two through grooves can be set on the side wall of the pole at the same time to increase the number of heat transfer tubes placed and improve the heat transfer efficiency of the pole.
  • the through slot 150 when the first end surface portion is used as the electrical connection area, in order to increase the area of the electrical connection area, the through slot 150 is eccentrically set. As shown in the structural schematic diagram of the pole r in FIG11 , the through slot 150 divides the first end surface into a first area 1511 and a second area 1512. The first area 1511 is the electrical connection area, and the area of the first area 1511 accounts for no less than 50% of the area of the first end surface. Such a design can facilitate electrical connection, effectively increase the area of the electrical connection area, and improve the current-carrying area. It should be noted that the area of the first end surface includes the area missing due to the opening of the through slot, that is, the area of the first end surface is equal to the area of the second end surface.
  • the horizontal cross-section of the pole may be circular, rectangular, or track-shaped. Different shapes of poles may be selected according to different battery models. Other different shapes may also be used, which are not listed in detail in this embodiment.
  • the dimension definition diagram of the pole in this embodiment is shown.
  • the second end face 152 of the pole is close to the electrode assembly, so the second end face 152 is closer to the electrode assembly inside the battery, and the heat transfer tube should be set as close to the second end face 152 as possible.
  • the height h1 of the pole in this embodiment is 20mm-25mm, and the distance h2 between the lowest point of the through groove and the second end face 152 of the pole is 7-12mm.
  • Such a setting can make the heat transfer tube as close to the inside of the battery as possible for heat transfer. When the diameter of the heat transfer tube is too smaller than the through groove, the contact is not tight.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the heat transfer tube to the widest point h3 of the through groove is 1:1.05-1:1.1.
  • the diameter of the heat transfer tube is ⁇ 10, then its diameter is 10mm, and the widest part h3 of the through groove is 10.5mm-11mm, so that the heat transfer tube can be easily placed in the through groove, and then pressed and tightly fit into the through groove to improve the heat transfer efficiency.
  • the depth h4 of the through groove is smaller than the diameter of the heat transfer tube, so that the heat transfer tube slightly protrudes from the surface of the pole, which is beneficial for compacting and leveling the heat transfer tube so that it is in close contact with the through groove.
  • an insulating layer is provided on the surface of the through groove, which may be coated with insulating material or a silicone layer, rubber layer, etc., or an insulating layer may be provided on the heat transfer tube to insulate the metal heat transfer tube from the pole.
  • the present application provides a through groove on the pole to place a heat transfer tube in the through groove, so that the temperature of the pole and the inside of the battery can be effectively controlled, and further provides an electrical connection area on the first end face of the pole, so that a pole plate can be installed on the electrical connection area to achieve series or parallel connection of multiple square batteries.
  • the present application has a simple structure, strong practicality, and easy operation, and can balance the heat of the battery pack, with good heat dissipation effect and low cost.
  • the portion marked h2 is the distance between the deepest part of the groove and the second end face.
  • the temperature of the pole is no higher than 34°C, and the temperature measured on the surface of the battery shell is also around 36°C.
  • the overall temperature control reduces the pole temperature by at least 19.2%, and the battery shell surface temperature The temperature is reduced by at least 4.7%, which effectively reduces the overall temperature of the battery, significantly reduces the temperature of the terminal, and greatly improves the safety performance.
  • the ratio of the length h5 of the through slot to the width h6 of the cover plate has a great influence on the temperature of the battery pole.
  • h2 is fixed at 7mm, the larger the contact area between the heat transfer tube and the pole, the better the heat transfer and heat dissipation effect, but the longest length cannot exceed the width of the cover plate.
  • the pole surface temperature is reduced by at least 20.2%.
  • the pole temperature in this application is significantly reduced, and the safety performance has been greatly improved.
  • the ratio of the length h5 of the through slot to the width h6 of the cover plate is preferably 0.7:1 to 0.9:1, which has a good cooling effect and is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
  • the lower cover plate 12 is also provided with a first battery mounting seat 131 along its width direction for connection with the second assembly 1202; the side wall of the cylinder is also provided with a second battery mounting seat 132 along its height direction for connection with the first assembly 1201.
  • the outer surface of the cylinder 13 is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation grooves 133 extending along its height direction to facilitate heat dissipation of the battery housing.
  • the cylinder 13 is also provided with a plurality of reinforcing ribs 134 extending along its height direction to enhance the compressive strength of the cylinder.
  • the lower cover plate 12 and the manifold 14 are integrally formed aluminum extrusions.
  • the cylinder 13 is also an aluminum extrusion, and the upper cover plate 11, the lower cover plate 12 and the cylinder 13 are fixed by laser welding. This fixing method is economical, convenient and effective.
  • the battery pack is further provided with an electrical connector 19 for connecting two adjacent battery packs in series.
  • Energy storage equipment is a new energy device that stores multiple battery packs in containers or cabinets to perform peak shaving and valley filling, frequency modulation and other functions. It has the advantages of easy installation, easy transportation, and modularization. When the battery pack in the energy storage device encounters high temperature, it is easy to cause electrolyte loss, which affects the life of the battery pack. High temperature can also cause thermal runaway and cause safety problems.
  • the temperature control of existing energy storage equipment is achieved through ventilation or air-conditioning systems.
  • the existing technical solution adopts the temperature control method of the air-conditioning system to control the ambient temperature in the energy storage cabinet, that is, to regulate the external environment of each battery pack, and achieve a certain degree of temperature control.
  • the present application provides an energy storage device, including a box 1000, a fixing frame 1001, a temperature control device 500, a BMS system, and a plurality of battery packs 200.
  • the fixing frame 1001 is arranged in the box 1000, and a plurality of fixing seats 1002 for fixing the battery packs 200 are arranged in the fixing frame 1001. After the plurality of battery packs 200 are fixed on the fixing seats 1002, they are connected in series in sequence; the box in Figure 14 is not fully loaded with battery packs 200, and the number of battery packs 200 placed should be adjusted according to the charging and discharging requirements in actual use.
  • an integrated cabinet 1010 is provided outside the box 1000, and the integrated cabinet 1010 is provided with a cabinet door 1011.
  • a temperature control device is installed in the integrated cabinet 1010, which is used to cool the battery pack through the heat exchange component, or to heat the battery pack through the heat exchange component; the integrated cabinet is set to make the structure of the energy storage device more compact, and placing the temperature control device in the integrated cabinet can protect the temperature control device.
  • the temperature control device can also be directly set outside the box without the need for an additional integrated cabinet.
  • the BMS system includes a BMS host and BMS slaves 601 of the same number as the battery packs 200.
  • the BMS host can be set in the integrated cabinet 1010 or in a location far away from the energy storage device.
  • the BMS slaves 601 are respectively set on the battery packs 200 to collect parameters of the battery packs 200 and upload them to the BMS host.
  • the BMS host is respectively connected to all BMS slaves to communicate with each other.
  • the BMS slave sends a control command.
  • the BMS slave 601 is fixed on the battery pack 200 via a slave mounting base 602 .
  • the battery pack 200 can adopt the battery pack in Example 1.
  • the battery pack 200 is composed of a plurality of parallel-connected square batteries 300, and the battery pack 200 is provided with a fixing assembly 201 to connect and fix the square batteries 300 side by side to form the battery pack 200.
  • the fixing assembly 201 includes a first assembly 201a and a second assembly 201b.
  • the first assembly 201a is fixedly connected to the side wall of the cylinder of the square battery, and is used to fix the plurality of square batteries placed side by side as a whole; the second assembly 201b is located below the plurality of square batteries placed side by side, and is fixedly connected to the lower cover of the square battery; the battery pack 200 is also provided with a heat exchange assembly to realize heat exchange between the battery pack and the temperature control device.
  • the energy source of the energy storage device uses multiple battery packs, and a battery pack is composed of multiple square batteries
  • the series structure between the battery packs and the parallel connection of all the square batteries in the battery pack are the key to the normal operation of the energy storage device.
  • the battery packs are connected in series through two electrical connectors, and the electrical connector can also realize the parallel connection of all the square batteries in the battery pack, simplifying the circuit connection structure of the battery pack.
  • two electrical connectors 700 are provided on each battery pack; one of the electrical connectors 700 is electrically connected to all positive poles 31a of all square batteries 300 on the battery pack 200, and the other electrical connector 700 is connected to all negative poles 31b of all square batteries 300 on the battery pack 200; through the two electrical connectors, the positive poles and negative poles of all square batteries on the same battery pack 200 can be uniformly connected, and the parallel connection between all square batteries 300 in the battery pack 200 is realized.
  • the electrical connector 700 connected to the positive pole 31a on one battery pack 200 is connected to the electrical connector 700 connected to the negative pole 31b on another adjacent battery pack 200, so that the two adjacent battery packs 200 are connected in series. Through the electrical connector, the positive poles and negative poles of all square batteries on the same battery pack can be uniformly connected, and the parallel connection between all square batteries in the battery pack is realized.
  • the above-mentioned electrical connector 700 can be set as a straight-line flat plate structure, but it is not convenient to connect two adjacent battery packs 200 in series, and the strength and rigidity of the flat plate structure electrical connector are not ideal. Therefore, in this embodiment, an electrical connector with a structure as shown in FIG. 17 is used:
  • the electrical connector 700 includes a first connector 701 and a second connector 702.
  • the first connector 701 is electrically connected to all positive poles 31 a on the battery pack 200
  • the second connector 702 is electrically connected to the second connector 702 of the electrical connector 700 provided on another adjacent battery pack 200
  • the first connector 701 of the electrical connector 700 provided on another battery pack 200 is electrically connected to all negative poles 31 b on the battery pack 200, so that the adjacent battery packs are connected in series.
  • the first connector 701 is electrically connected to all negative poles 31 b on the battery pack 200
  • the second connector 702 is electrically connected to the second connector 702 of the electrical connector 700 provided on another adjacent battery pack 200
  • the first connector 701 of the electrical connector 700 provided on another battery pack 200 is electrically connected to all positive poles 31 a on the battery pack 200, so that the adjacent battery packs are connected in series.
  • the setting of the first connecting part 701 and the second connecting part 702 further refines the functional area of the electrical connector 700.
  • the first connecting part 701 is used to connect all square batteries 300 in the same battery pack 200 in parallel, and the second connecting part 702 realizes the series connection between multiple battery packs 200, simplifies the connection structure between the battery packs 200, increases the flow area required for electrical connection between the battery packs 200, avoids the setting of additional connecting devices between the battery packs 200, and has a simple structure and good effect.
  • a buffer groove 703 is further provided on the electrical connector 700 .
  • the buffer groove 703 is provided on the side of the first connecting portion 701 close to the second connecting portion 702 along the length direction of the first connecting portion 701 .
  • the position error can be compensated by fine-tuning the buffer groove 703 to avoid repeated movement of the battery pack, and provide a buffer space for bumps or slight displacements during transportation.
  • the buffer groove 703 is formed by a bending or stamping process, and the cross-section of the buffer groove is U-shaped or arc-shaped. The bending or stamping process is low-cost, simple in technology, and has good use effect.
  • connection holes 704 are provided on the second connection portion, and bolts are inserted into the connection holes 704 to fix the connection therein, thereby improving the tightness of the conductive connection between adjacent battery packs 200 and strengthening the series assembly of the battery packs.
  • two electrical connectors 700 can be used to realize both the series connection between battery packs 200 and the parallel connection of all square batteries 300 in the battery pack 200.
  • the series connection between battery packs 200 and the parallel connection of all square batteries 300 in the battery pack 200 can be realized by two independent connection methods, for example: the series connection between battery packs 200 can be realized by copper cables or copper bars or aluminum bars; the parallel connection of all square batteries 300 can be realized by two bus bars that respectively connect the positive and negative electrodes of all square batteries 300.
  • this method will make the circuit connection cumbersome and complicated.
  • the battery pack 200 and the temperature control device realize heat exchange through the heat exchange component.
  • the basic principle is: the heat of each square battery 300 in the battery pack 200 is transferred from its own positive and negative poles to the temperature control device through the heat exchange component for heat dissipation, thereby cooling the battery pack 200, or the high temperature of the temperature control device is transferred to the square battery 300 in the battery pack 200 through the heat exchange component for heating, thereby heating the battery pack 200. Therefore, insulation, heat exchange effect and heat exchange capacity are the primary factors to be considered when designing the heat exchange component and the temperature control device.
  • the heat exchange assembly includes a primary heat exchange tube 804, a secondary heat exchange tube 510 and an insulating heat exchange component; the first part of the primary heat exchange tube 804 is connected to all positive poles 31a or negative poles 31b on the battery pack 200, the second part of the primary heat exchange tube 804 is insulated and heat-exchanged with the first part of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 through the insulating heat exchange component, and the second part of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 is connected to the temperature control device.
  • the first-stage heat exchange tube 804 adopts a heat pipe.
  • a heat pipe is an evaporation-condensation type heat exchange device that realizes heat transfer by the state change of the working medium in the tube.
  • the second-stage heat exchange tube 510 adopts a liquid cooling tube.
  • the liquid cooling medium is water or other liquid medium with relatively low price and good thermal conductivity.
  • the first-level heat exchange tube 804 is preferably four heat pipes, of which two heat pipes are connected to the positive poles 31a of all square batteries in the battery pack, and the other two heat pipes are connected to the negative poles 31b of all square batteries in the battery pack, thereby achieving the effect of evenly distributing heat to all square batteries 300 in the battery pack 200.
  • the first-level heat exchange tube 804 is two heat pipes, one of which is connected to the positive electrode column 31a of all square batteries, and the other is connected to the negative electrode column 31b of all square batteries, thereby achieving the effect of equalizing the heat for all square batteries 300 in the battery pack 200.
  • the second part of the primary heat exchange tube 804 is fixed to the pole by snap-fitting, so the positive and negative poles of the square battery are provided with through grooves 310.
  • the pole 31 in this embodiment is preferably arranged on the upper cover plate 32 of the square battery 300.
  • the pole 31 is a columnar body, which includes a first end face 311, a second end face 312 and a side wall 313.
  • At least one through groove 310 is arranged on the first end face 311 or the side wall 313 to install the primary heat exchange tube 804, that is, the opening of the through groove 310 is located on the first end face 311 or the side wall 313.
  • the first end face 311 is provided with an electrical connection area for connecting with the electrical connector 700, and the second end face 312 is used to set a conductive connection seat 314 to electrically connect with the electrode assembly in the battery housing.
  • the conductive connection seat 314 in this embodiment is specifically a conductive connection sheet, which has a thickness of 2-3 mm and a rectangular shape. Different shapes can also be set according to different needs.
  • the conductive connection seats of the positive pole 31a and the negative pole 31b are made of different materials.
  • the positive pole is made of aluminum sheet and the negative pole is made of copper sheet.
  • the conductive connection seat 314 can be integrally formed with the positive pole and fixed to the negative pole by welding or clamping.
  • the specific fixing method varies depending on the material selected for the pole or the conductive connection sheet.
  • a layer of copper sheet can also be added to the integrally formed pole and conductive connection sheet made of aluminum as the conductive connection sheet of the negative pole.
  • FIG20 it is a schematic diagram of the structure after different forms of poles 31 are connected to the conductive connection seat 314 in this embodiment.
  • the cross section of the through slot 310 is C-shaped or U-shaped.
  • the through slot with a C-shaped cross section has an opening width that is smaller than the widest part of the through slot. Such a design is conducive to the interference fit of the primary heat exchange tube 804 in the through slot 310.
  • the arc formed at both ends of the C-shaped through slot has natural tension, which is conducive to the tight fit of the primary heat exchange tube in the through slot;
  • the through slot with a U-shaped cross section has an opening width that is slightly smaller than the widest part of the through slot, which is convenient for placing the primary heat exchange tube 804 and can provide sufficient operating space for the special tooling to flatten the primary heat exchange tube 804 or fit the primary heat exchange tube 804 more closely to the through slot 310.
  • the through slot 310 may be disposed on the first end face 311 of the pole, in which case the first end face 311, except for the vacancy at the through slot opening, is entirely used as an electrical connection area for connecting the electrical connector 700.
  • the through slot 310 may also be disposed on the side wall 313 of the pole, in which case the first end face 311 is entirely used as an electrical connection area for connecting the electrical connector 700.
  • two through slots may be disposed on the side wall of the pole at the same time to increase the number of primary heat exchange tubes placed and improve the heat transfer efficiency of the pole.
  • the through slot 310 is eccentrically arranged, and the through slot 310 divides the first end face into a first area and a second area.
  • the first area is the electrical connection area, and the area of the first area accounts for no less than 50% of the area of the first end face.
  • Such a design can effectively increase the area of the electrical connection area and improve the current-carrying area.
  • the area of the first end face includes the area missing due to the opening of the through slot, that is, the area of the first end face is equal to the area of the second end face.
  • the horizontal cross-section of the pole with the through slot 310 can be circular, rectangular or racetrack-shaped.
  • the poles of different shapes are selected according to different battery models. Other shapes are also possible, which are not listed in detail in this embodiment.
  • the second end face 312 of the pole is close to the electrode assembly, so the second end face 312 is closer to the electrode assembly inside the battery, and the first-level heat exchange tube should be set as close to the second end face 312 as possible.
  • the height of the pole in this embodiment is 20mm-25mm, and the distance between the lowest point of the through groove and the second end face 312 of the pole is 7-12mm.
  • Such a setting can make the first-level heat exchange tube as close to the inside of the battery as possible for heat transfer. When the diameter of the first-level heat exchange tube is too smaller than the through groove, the contact is not tight.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the first-level heat exchange tube to the widest part of the through groove is 1:1.05-1:1.1.
  • the diameter of the first-level heat exchange tube is ⁇ 10, then its diameter is 10mm, and the widest part of the through groove is 10.5mm-11mm, so that the first-level heat exchange tube is easy to place in the through groove, and then it is pressed and tightly fits the through groove to improve the heat transfer efficiency.
  • the depth of the through groove is smaller than the diameter of the primary heat exchange tube, so that the primary heat exchange tube slightly protrudes from the surface of the pole, which is conducive to compacting and leveling the primary heat exchange tube so that it is in close contact with the through groove.
  • the temperature of the pole can be effectively controlled.
  • an electrical connection area is set on the first end face of the pole, so that the electrical connector 700 can be installed through the electrical connection area to realize parallel connection of multiple square batteries.
  • the structure is simple, practical, easy to operate, can balance the heat of the battery pack, has good heat dissipation effect, and is low in cost.
  • the pole 31 is fixed on the upper cover 32.
  • a first insulating member 321 and a second insulating member 322 are provided in order to insulate the pole 31 from the upper cover 32.
  • the first insulating member 321 is placed on the upper cover 32, and the second insulating member 322 is placed under the upper cover 32.
  • the pole 31 passes through the second insulating member 322, the upper cover 32, and the first insulating member 321 in sequence and is fixed on the upper cover 32.
  • the insulating heat exchange component structure used in this embodiment and the specific connection relationship with the primary heat exchange tube and the secondary heat exchange tube 510 are as follows:
  • the insulating heat exchange component 800 is fixed to the first assembly 201a on both sides of the battery pack 200 through the insulating heat exchange component fixing seat 801.
  • two primary heat exchange tubes 804 and two secondary heat exchange tubes 510 are respectively arranged at both ends of the battery pack 200, so the insulating heat exchange component 800 includes two heat conduction grooves and two heat exchange grooves, the number of the heat conduction grooves is the same as the number of the primary heat exchange tubes 804, and the number of the heat exchange grooves is the same as the number of the secondary heat exchange tubes 510.
  • a first insulating heat conductive sheet 806 is arranged between the heat conduction grooves and the heat exchange grooves.
  • two heat-conducting grooves are arranged in parallel, and the first parts of two primary heat exchange tubes 804 are fixed respectively, so as to insulate and conduct heat of the two primary heat exchange tubes 804.
  • the heat-conducting groove is formed by the first mounting member 802 with grooves and two second mounting members 803. Through holes are arranged at both ends of the first mounting member 802.
  • the first part of the primary heat exchange tube enters the heat-conducting groove after passing through the through holes, and is as close to the first mounting member 802 and the second mounting member 803 as possible in the heat-conducting groove.
  • the length of the heat-conducting groove is as close as possible to the length of the first mounting member 802 and the second mounting member 803, so as to improve the heat exchange efficiency.
  • Heat-conducting glue can also be added between the contact surfaces to further improve the heat conduction efficiency.
  • one of the two secondary heat exchange tubes 510 is a water inlet pipe and the other is a water outlet pipe. Therefore, two parallel through grooves are provided as heat exchange grooves to fix the two secondary heat exchange tubes 510.
  • the heat exchange groove is formed by the third mounting member 807 and the fourth mounting member 808 which are provided with grooves.
  • the third mounting member 807 is provided to fit the first insulating heat conductive sheet 806.
  • the third mounting member 807 and the fourth mounting member 808 are rectangular in shape, and may also be elliptical, circular or trapezoidal, and the mounting surface is not required to be a plane, and may also be a curved surface, as long as the secondary heat exchange tube 510 can be fixed.
  • the heat exchange groove is provided on the middle seam after the third mounting member 807 and the fourth mounting member 808 are assembled.
  • the heat exchange groove should fit the secondary heat exchange tube 510 as much as possible, and heat conductive glue may also be added to the fitting surface to fully conduct the heat of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 to the third mounting member 807, or to further conduct the heat of the first insulating heat conductive sheet 806 to the third mounting member 807, and then the third mounting member 807 conducts the heat to the secondary heat exchange tube 510, and the heat is processed by the external heat treatment device connected to the secondary heat exchange tube 510.
  • Multiple battery packs in the energy storage device use one or more groups of secondary heat exchange tubes 510 , and battery packs in the same layer or the same column can use the same group of secondary heat exchange tubes 510 .
  • the second mounting member 803, the first insulating heat conductive sheet 806, and the third mounting member 807 can be combined into a second insulating heat conductive sheet 809 as shown in FIG. 22c.
  • the second insulating heat conductive sheet 809 is provided with grooves on two sides, one side of which can be combined with the groove of the first mounting member 802 to place the primary heat pipe, and the other side of which can be combined with the fourth mounting member 808 to place the secondary heat exchange pipe 510.
  • the second insulating heat conductive sheet 809 can save assembly procedures and can further improve the heat exchange efficiency of the insulating heat exchange member 800.
  • the first mounting member 802, the second mounting member 803, the third mounting member 807, and the fourth mounting member 808 have various Splicing and installation methods, such as:
  • the first insulating heat conductive sheet 806 is clamped by the second mounting member 803 and the third mounting member 807; and the second mounting member 803 is embedded in the first mounting member 802 and buckled, and the third mounting member 807 is embedded in the fourth mounting member 808 and buckled, and the first mounting member 802 and the fourth mounting member 808 are provided with fixing holes so that the fixing bolts can pass through the fixing holes on the fourth mounting member 808 and the first mounting member 802 in sequence and then be fixedly connected to the insulating heat exchange member fixing seat 801; or, the second mounting member 803 is embedded in the first mounting member 802 and buckled, and the first mounting member 802, the third mounting member 807 and the fourth mounting member 808 are all provided with fixing holes so that the fixing bolts can pass through the fourth mounting member 808, the third mounting member 807 and the fourth mounting member 808 in sequence.
  • the fixing holes of the first mounting member 807 and the first mounting member 802 are fixedly connected with the insulating heat exchange member fixing seat 801; or, the second mounting member 803 is embedded in the first mounting member 802, and the first mounting member 802 and the third mounting member 807 are each provided with a group of first fixing holes, and the first mounting member 802, the third mounting member 807 and the fourth mounting member 808 are each provided with a group of second fixing holes, and a group of first fixing bolts are used to fix the third mounting member 807 and the first mounting member 802 to the battery housing through the first fixing holes, and then another group of second fixing bolts are used to pass through the second fixing holes on the fourth mounting member 808, the third mounting member 807 and the first mounting member 802 in sequence and then fixedly connected to the battery housing.
  • Such a setting can make the fourth mounting member 808 on the battery pack 200 easy to disassemble independently.
  • the shapes of the first mounting member 802, the second mounting member 803, the third mounting member 807 and the fourth mounting member 808 are rectangular, and may also be elliptical, circular or trapezoidal, and the mounting surface is not required to be a plane, but may also be a curved surface, as long as the heat transfer tube can be fixed on the battery housing and good heat transfer is ensured.
  • the grooves of the first mounting member 802, the second mounting member 803, the third mounting member 807 and the fourth mounting member 808 are semicircular grooves or arcuate grooves, and the tube body in the groove should be pressed tightly.
  • the first insulating heat-conducting sheet 806 is one of a silicone heat-conducting film, an aluminum oxide ceramic plate, a silicon nitride ceramic plate, a zirconium oxide ceramic plate, a silicon carbide ceramic plate, a magnesium oxide ceramic plate, a boron nitride ceramic plate, an aluminum nitride ceramic plate, and a beryllium oxide ceramic;
  • the first mounting member 802 is an insulating mounting member, which can be used regardless of whether the battery housing is made of metal or insulating material;
  • the second mounting member 803 is a metal mounting member, which is conducive to heat conduction and electricity conduction;
  • the third mounting member 807 is a metal mounting member, which is conducive to heat conduction;
  • the fourth mounting member 808 is a metal mounting member or an insulating mounting member, and its material itself has no clear requirements for heat conduction and insulation.
  • the metal mounting member is preferably an aluminum alloy mounting member.
  • a heat exchange assembly with a single-stage heat exchange mechanism may also be adopted in some other embodiments.
  • the specific structure of the heat exchange assembly is:
  • the heat exchange assembly only includes a primary heat exchange tube 804, and the battery pack 200 and the temperature control device 500 directly exchange heat only through the primary heat exchange tube 804.
  • the primary heat exchange tube 804 can be a liquid cooling tube or a heat pipe.
  • liquid cooling tube is made of insulating plastic tube, its insulation is good but the heat exchange efficiency is poor.
  • metal tubes are used as liquid cooling tubes, the heat exchange performance is improved, but the insulation effect is difficult to guarantee.
  • liquid cooling tubes there is a safety hazard due to leakage of liquid cooling medium when the sealing is poor.
  • a heat pipe can also be selected as the first-level heat exchange tube 804; the heat pipe has a better heat exchange effect, but because the heat pipe needs to be connected to the positive and negative poles of the square battery 300 in this application, and because the heat pipe is usually made of metal copper, insulation problems also need to be considered. Measures to solve the insulation problem are: an insulating film is set between the heat pipe and the positive and negative poles of the square battery 300, or an insulation setting is made at the position where the heat pipe is connected to the temperature control device 500.
  • the heat pipe When the heat pipe is used as the primary heat exchange pipe 804, although its heat exchange efficiency is relatively high, the length of the heat pipe itself is limited, and the use scenarios are relatively limited.
  • the temperature control device that can be matched with the heat pipe and has the ability to increase and decrease temperatures is TEC.
  • the cooling and heating capabilities of TEC itself are limited. Therefore, based on the limited length of the heat pipe itself and the characteristics of TEC, this heat exchange component is only suitable for situations where there are relatively few battery packs in the energy storage device.
  • the temperature control device described below is adopted in this embodiment, and its basic structural principle is: it includes a cooling and heating machine, a radiator, a circulation pump and a control valve assembly; the cooling and heating machine is used to actively increase or actively cool the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510, the liquid inlet of the cooling and heating machine is connected to the outlet of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 through a first pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the cooling and heating machine is connected to the inlet of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 through a second pipeline; the radiator is connected to the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and is used to passively cool the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510; the circulation pump is arranged on the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and is used to provide power for the flow of the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510; the control valve assembly is arranged on the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and the control valve assembly is used to control the connection between
  • temperature control devices 500 with different specific structures can be designed, for example:
  • the temperature control device includes a cooling Warm-up machine 520, radiator 530, circulation pump 540 and control valve assembly; the secondary heat exchange tube 510 is used to exchange heat with the battery pack 200 in the box 1000; the heating and cooling machine 520 is used to actively heat up or cool down the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510, the liquid inlet 521 of the heating and cooling machine 520 is connected to the outlet 511 of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 through the first pipeline 581, and the liquid outlet 522 of the heating and cooling machine 520 is connected to the inlet 512 of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 through the second pipeline 582; the radiator 530 is connected in parallel to the first pipeline 581, and is used to passively cool down the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510.
  • the inlet of the radiator 530 is connected to the first pipeline 581 through the third pipeline 583, and the outlet is connected to the first pipeline 581 through the fourth pipeline 584;
  • the circulation pump 540 is arranged on the second pipeline 582, and is used to provide power for the flow of the medium.
  • the control valve assembly is used to control the connection between the cooling and heating machine 520 and the radiator 530 to achieve passive cooling of the medium; alternatively, the control valve assembly controls the cooling and heating machine 520 and the radiator 530 to be disconnected, and the medium only flows into the cooling and heating machine 520 to achieve active heating or cooling.
  • the secondary heat exchange tube 510, the first pipeline 581 and the second pipeline 582 can be formed by one pipeline, that is, the secondary heat exchange tube 510, the first pipeline 581 and the second pipeline 582 are an integrated pipeline.
  • This structural form reduces the number of pipeline joints, and the system installation and disassembly are relatively simple and convenient.
  • the control valve assembly can specifically adopt valves of different control modes or structures, as long as it can control the on and off of the medium.
  • pneumatic valves, electric valves, hydraulic valves, etc. can be specifically adopted.
  • electric valves are preferably adopted. Electric valves are easy to control, easy to operate, and convenient for on-site installation.
  • the control valve assembly specifically includes a first electric valve 563 and a second electric valve 564.
  • the first electric valve 563 is arranged at the outlet of the radiator 530, that is, it is arranged on the fourth pipeline 584.
  • the second electric valve 564 is arranged on the first pipeline 581 and is located after the inlet of the third pipeline 583.
  • the first electric valve 563 and the second electric valve 564 are controlled by the BMS system of the battery.
  • the BMS system controls the working status of the first electric valve 563 and the second electric valve 564 according to the collected battery temperature.
  • the working principle of the above-mentioned temperature control device 500 is: when the temperature of the battery pack 200 is too high, the first electric valve 563 is opened, the second electric valve 564 is closed, and the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510 exchanges heat with the battery pack 200. Subsequently, the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510 enters the radiator 530 through the first pipeline 581, and the radiator 530 processes the heat in the medium. Subsequently, the cooled medium enters the heating and cooling machine 520 and circulates through the circulation pump 540. At this time, the heating and cooling machine 520 does not work, and the cooled medium returns to the secondary heat exchange tube 510 in the box 1000 through the second pipeline 582, exchanges heat with the battery pack 200, thereby achieving passive cooling through the radiator 530.
  • the first electric valve 563 is closed, the second electric valve 564 is opened, and the secondary heat exchange tube 510 exchanges heat with the battery pack 200.
  • the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510 enters the cooling and heating machine 520 through the first pipeline 581.
  • the cooling and heating machine 520 works and circulates through the circulation pump 540 to cool the medium.
  • the cooled medium returns to the secondary heat exchange tube 510 in the box 1000 through the second pipeline 582 to exchange heat with the battery pack 200, thereby achieving active cooling through the cooling and heating machine 520.
  • the first electric valve 563 When the temperature of the battery pack 200 is too low, the first electric valve 563 is closed, the second electric valve 564 is opened, the cold and warm machine 520 starts working, and circulates through the circulation pump 540 to increase the temperature of the medium. Subsequently, the heated medium returns to the secondary heat exchange tube 510 in the box 1000 through the second pipeline 582 to exchange heat with the battery pack 200, thereby achieving active heating through the cold and warm machine 520.
  • the system of the present application performs combined active heat dissipation, active heating and passive heat dissipation on the battery pack 200 through the cooling and heating machine 520 and the radiator 530.
  • This method can not only ensure that the heat of the battery pack 200 can be effectively released, but also has a low temperature control cost, can effectively save energy, avoids wasting energy when only active cooling is used, and avoids the defect that the temperature of the battery pack 200 cannot be controlled in time when only passive cooling is used.
  • an electrical control box 570 can also be provided.
  • the electrical control box 570 can be a conventional electrical control cabinet.
  • the electrical control box 570 is respectively connected to the cooling and heating machine 520, the circulating pump 540 and the control valve assembly.
  • the electrical control box 570 can timely control the working status of the cooling and heating machine 520, the circulating pump 540 and the control valve assembly to avoid the control delay caused when the BMS host or the BMS slave controls the cooling and heating machine 520, the circulating pump 540 and the control valve assembly.
  • the electrical control box 570 can operate the cooling and heating machine 520, the circulating pump 540 and the control valve assembly on site, which is convenient to operate.
  • the temperature control device 500 includes a secondary heat exchange tube 510 (not shown in FIG23b), a heating and cooling machine 520, a radiator 530, a circulation pump 540, a control valve assembly and an electrical control box 570; the secondary heat exchange tube 510 is used to exchange heat with the battery pack 200 in the box 1000; the heating and cooling machine 520 is used to actively increase or decrease the temperature of the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510, and the liquid inlet 521 of the heating and cooling machine 520 and the outlet 511 of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 are connected through the first
  • the first pipe 581 is connected to the cooling and heating machine 520, and the liquid outlet 522 is connected to the inlet 512 of the secondary heat exchange pipe 510 through the second pipe 582; the radiator 530 is connected in parallel to the second pipe 582, and is used to passively cool the medium in the secondary heat exchange pipe 510.
  • the inlet of the radiator 530 is connected to the second pipe 582 through the third pipe 583, and the outlet is connected to the second pipe 582 through the fourth pipe 584; the circulating pump 540 is arranged on the first pipe 581, and is used to cool the medium in the secondary heat exchange pipe 510.
  • the circulation pump 540 can also be arranged on the second pipeline 582, as long as it can provide power for the flow of the medium.
  • the above-mentioned electrical control box 570 is connected to the cooling and heating machine 520, the circulation pump 540 and the control valve assembly respectively, and is used to control the working states of the cooling and heating machine 520, the circulation pump 540 and the control valve assembly respectively.
  • a fan 531 is also arranged on the outside of the radiator 530, and the fan 531 dissipates heat for the medium in the radiator 530.
  • the inlet 512 and the outlet 511 of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 are both arranged outside the box 1000, and are connected to the first pipeline 581 and the second pipeline 582 outside the box 1000.
  • the secondary heat exchange tube 510 in the box 1000 is a single-circuit circulation pipeline, which performs heat exchange with multiple battery packs 200 in the box 1000. This method makes the temperature control part in the box simple in structure, and there is no complex temperature control structure in the box, which makes the layout of the components in the box simpler and more convenient.
  • the other components of the battery temperature control device are all arranged outside the battery pack 200, which has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, and no space occupation.
  • the control valve assembly is used to control the connection between the cooling and heating machine 520 and the radiator 530 to achieve passive cooling of the medium, or the control valve assembly controls the cooling and heating machine 520 and the radiator 530 to be disconnected, and the medium only flows into the cooling and heating machine 520 to achieve active heating or active cooling.
  • the first electric valve 563 is set at the inlet of the radiator 530 on the third pipeline 583
  • the second electric valve 564 is set on the second pipeline 582.
  • the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510 enters the cooling and heating machine 520 through the first pipeline 581.
  • the cooling and heating machine 520 does not work and circulates through the circulation pump 540.
  • the uncooled medium enters the radiator 530, and the radiator 530 processes the heat in the medium.
  • the cooled medium returns to the secondary heat exchange tube 510 in the box 1000 through the second pipeline 582 to exchange heat with the battery pack 200, thereby achieving passive cooling through the radiator 530.
  • the first electric valve 563 When the temperature of the battery pack 200 is too high and exceeds the threshold, the first electric valve 563 is closed, the second electric valve 564 is opened, the secondary heat exchange tube 510 exchanges heat with the battery pack 200, and then the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510 enters the cooling and heating machine 520 through the first pipeline 581. At this time, the cooling and heating machine 520 works to cool the medium and circulates it through the circulation pump 540. Then, the cooled medium returns to the secondary heat exchange tube 510 in the box 1000 through the second pipeline 582.
  • the first electric valve 563 When the temperature of the battery pack 200 is too low, the first electric valve 563 is closed, the second electric valve 564 is opened, the cooling and heating machine 520 works to increase the temperature of the medium and circulates it through the circulation pump 540. Then, the heated medium returns to the secondary heat exchange tube 510 in the box 1000 through the second pipeline 582 and exchanges heat with the battery pack 200, thereby achieving active temperature increase through the cooling and heating machine 520.
  • FIG. 23c it is a third implementation method designed based on the basic structural principle of the temperature control device.
  • the difference from the above two temperature control devices is that the first electric valve and the second electric valve in the control valve assembly are replaced by a three-way electric valve 562, the first port of the three-way electric valve 562 is connected to the liquid inlet 521 of the cooling and heating machine 520, the second port is connected to the first pipeline 581, and the third port is connected to the outlet of the radiator 530, that is, connected to the fourth pipeline 584.
  • the three-way electric valve is used for control, only a single device is needed to achieve control, the structure is simple, and the installation is convenient.
  • the principle of replacing the control valve with the three-way electric valve 562 is: when the temperature of the battery pack 200 is too high, the first port and the third port of the three-way electric valve 562 are connected, and the second port is closed, and the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510 exchanges heat with the battery pack 200. Subsequently, the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510 enters the radiator 530 through the first pipeline 581 and the third pipeline 583. The radiator 530 processes the heat in the medium. Subsequently, the cooled medium enters the heating and cooling machine 520 and circulates through the circulation pump 540. At this time, the heating and cooling machine 520 does not work, and only ensures the passage of the medium. Subsequently, the cooled medium returns to the secondary heat exchange tube 510 in the box 1000 through the second pipeline 582, exchanges heat with the battery pack 200, and thus realizes passive cooling through the radiator 530.
  • the first port and the second port of the three-way electric valve are connected, and the third port is closed, and the secondary heat exchange tube 510 exchanges heat with the battery pack 200.
  • the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510 enters the cooling and heating machine 520 through the first pipeline 581.
  • the cooling and heating machine 520 works to cool the medium and circulates it through the circulation pump 540.
  • the cooled medium returns to the secondary heat exchange tube 510 in the box 1000 through the second pipeline 582, exchanges heat with the battery pack 200, and thus realizes active cooling through the cooling and heating machine 520.
  • the heating and cooling machine 520 works to increase the temperature of the medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 510 and circulates it through the circulation pump 540. Subsequently, the heated medium returns to the secondary heat exchange tube 510 in the box 1000 through the second pipeline 582 to exchange heat with the battery pack 200, thereby achieving active heating through the heating and cooling machine 520.
  • the system of the present application uses the heating and cooling machine 520 and the radiator 530 to perform combined active heat dissipation, active heating, and passive heat dissipation on the battery pack 200.
  • This method can ensure that the heat of the battery pack 200 can be effectively processed, while the temperature control cost is relatively low, avoiding the use of only active cooling. This not only saves energy, but also avoids the defect that the temperature of the battery pack 200 cannot be controlled in time when only passive cooling is used.
  • the inlet 512 and the outlet 511 of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 are both arranged outside the box 1000, and are connected to the first pipeline 581 and the second pipeline 582 outside the box 1000.
  • the inlet and outlet of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 are both arranged outside the box 1000, so that the installation, connection and disassembly of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 and the first pipeline 581 and the second pipeline 582 are more convenient.
  • this method avoids the arrangement of a pipeline connector in the box, thereby avoiding the impact of medium leakage in the box on the battery.
  • the secondary heat exchange tube 510 in the box 1000 is a single-circuit circulation pipeline, and the single-circuit circulation pipeline performs heat exchange with multiple battery packs 200 in the box 1000.
  • the single-circuit circulation pipeline can make the secondary heat exchange tube 510 completely free of leakage points in the box, and the sealing is very good when the medium circulates, further avoiding the impact of medium leakage on the batteries in the box.
  • a fan 531 is also provided on the outside of the radiator 530, and the fan 531 further dissipates the heat of the medium in the radiator 530.
  • the battery pack 200 can generate a large amount of heat during the charging and discharging process.
  • a fan 531 is provided, so that even at a high temperature of 40°C, the temperature of the battery pack 200 can be kept below 50°C.
  • the control of the temperature of the battery pack 200 is mainly an energy consumption issue.
  • the use of refrigeration equipment such as air conditioners consumes a lot of energy, so the ambient temperature is used to control the temperature of the battery pack 200 as much as possible.
  • the present application scheme uses the radiator 530 to use the ambient temperature to cool the battery pack 200 when the temperature is not extreme. In extreme cases, when the temperature is too high or too low, the heating and cooling machine 520 is started for heating or cooling, which can maximize the use of the ambient temperature and reduce the energy consumption of temperature control.
  • the liquid inlet 521 of the cooling and heating machine 520 is connected to the outlet 511 of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 through the first pipe section 551, and the liquid outlet 522 of the cooling and heating machine 520 is connected to the second pipe section 552.
  • the second pipe section 552 is provided with a circulation pump 540 for providing power for the flow of the circulating medium.
  • the circulation pump 540 is also provided to be connected to the third pipe section 553.
  • the third pipe section 553 is connected to the water inlet of the radiator 530 through the fourth pipe section 554.
  • the third pipe section 553 is connected to the water outlet of the radiator 530 through the fifth pipe section 555.
  • the third pipe section 553 is connected to the fourth pipe section 556.
  • the connecting end of the heat exchange tube 554 is provided with a first control valve 561, which can open the passage between the third pipe segment 553 and the fourth pipe segment 554 in the first state, and close the passage between the third pipe segment 553 and the sixth pipe segment 556 at the same time, and close the passage between the third pipe segment 553 and the fourth pipe segment 554 in the second state, and open the passage between the third pipe segment 553 and the sixth pipe segment 556;
  • the third pipe segment 553 is also connected to the sixth pipe segment 556, and the sixth pipe segment 556 is connected to the inlet 512 of the secondary heat exchange tube 510;
  • the fifth pipe segment 555 is connected to the sixth pipe segment 556.
  • the radiator 530 and the circulating pump 540 can also be arranged on the first pipe segment 551 or the second pipe segment 552, and can also achieve the function of providing power for the circulating medium.
  • the third pipe segment 553 is directly connected to the first pipe segment 551, so that the third pipe segment 553 is connected to the radiator 530.
  • the working principle of the temperature control device is as follows: when the temperature of the battery pack 200 exceeds the first threshold value, the first control valve 561 enters the first state, closes the passage between the third pipe segment 553 and the sixth pipe segment 556, and opens the passage between the third pipe segment 553 and the fourth pipe segment 554, and the medium in the cooling and heating machine 520 inputs the cooling medium to the second pipe segment 552 through the liquid outlet 522. Because the first control valve 561 closes the passage between the third pipe segment 553 and the sixth pipe segment 556 in the first state, the cooling medium is pressurized by the circulation pump 540 and passes through the third pipe segment 553 and the fourth pipe segment 554. 4 enters the radiator 530, and an S-shaped or U-shaped pipeline is set inside the radiator 530.
  • the cooling medium consumes and dissipates its own heat in the process of passing through the pipeline.
  • the cooling medium that has completed the heat dissipation is then transported to the sixth pipeline section 556 through the fifth pipeline section 555, and enters the secondary heat exchange tube 510 from the sixth pipeline section 556.
  • the cooling medium exchanges heat with the battery pack 200 after passing through the secondary heat exchange tube 510, the insulating heat exchange component and the primary heat exchange tube, and then enters the cooling and heating machine 520 through the first pipeline section 551, and the above process is continuously repeated to achieve passive cooling of the battery pack 200.
  • the temperature of the battery pack 200 does not exceed the first threshold, the cooling medium only passes through the pipeline in the cooling and heating machine, but the cooling and heating machine does not actively cool the cooling medium.
  • the first threshold is usually 30-40°C, which can be adjusted in combination with geography, environment, and individual needs.
  • the first control valve 561 enters the second state, the channel between the third pipe segment 553 and the fourth pipe segment 554 is closed, and the channel between the third pipe segment 553 and the sixth pipe segment 556 is opened, the cooling and heating machine 520 is started, the cooling medium in the cooling and heating machine is actively cooled, and the cooling medium is then transported to the second pipe segment 552 through the liquid outlet 522.
  • the cooling medium passes through After the circulation pump 540 is pressurized, it directly enters the sixth pipe section 556 through the third pipe section 553, and is then transported to the second-level heat exchange tube 510 by the sixth pipe section 556.
  • the cooling medium exchanges heat with the battery pack 200 after passing through the second-level heat exchange tube 510, the insulating heat exchange component and the first-level heat exchange tube.
  • the cooling medium in the second-level heat exchange tube 510 is recirculated to the first pipe section 551 and enters the cooling and heating machine 520 for cooling.
  • the cooling and heating machine 520 works and circulates through the circulation pump 540 to cool the medium.
  • the second heat exchange tube 510 is continuously cycled and repeated to achieve active cooling of the battery pack 200.
  • the battery pack 200 needs to be heated up, and the heating and cooling machine 520 heats the medium in the second heat exchange tube and repeats the above process to achieve active heating of multiple battery packs 200.
  • the second threshold is usually 40-50°C
  • the third threshold is 20-60 minutes
  • the fourth threshold is 5-15°C, which can be adjusted according to geography, environment, and individual needs.
  • the third pipe segment 553 is further provided with an expansion tank 580, and the expansion tank 580 is provided to balance the pipeline pressure to avoid excessive pressure in the pipeline and damage to each pipeline and control valve.
  • the sixth pipe segment 556 is further provided with a seventh pipe segment 557, and the seventh pipe segment 557 is connected to the liquid inlet of the cooling tank 951 (used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas).
  • the first pipe segment 551 is further provided with an eighth pipe segment 558, which is connected to the liquid outlet of the cooling tank 951.
  • the seventh pipe segment 557 is provided with a second control valve 565, and the seventh pipe segment 557 is connected to the cooling tank 951 in the flue gas control device.
  • the second control valve 565 opens the channel of the seventh pipe segment 557 to allow the cooling medium to enter the cooling tank 951, and the cooling medium in the cooling tank 951 is input into the cooling and heating machine 520 through the eighth pipe segment 558.
  • the cooling tank 951 is only used when the battery pack has thermal runaway, so the seventh pipe section 557 is in a closed state under normal circumstances.
  • the BMS sends a command to open the second control valve 565.
  • the second control valve 565 is preferably a solenoid valve, an electric valve, etc., but other control valves that can realize the function of opening the pipeline channel can also be used in this embodiment, such as pneumatic valves, electric valves, hydraulic valves, etc.
  • the secondary heat exchange tube 510, the first pipe segment 551 and the second pipe segment 552 can be formed by one pipeline, that is, the secondary heat exchange tube 510, the first pipe segment 551 and the second pipe segment 552 are an integrated pipeline. This structural form reduces the number of pipe joints, and the system installation and disassembly are relatively simple and convenient.
  • a fan 531 is further provided on the outside of the radiator 530, and the fan 531 assists the radiator 530 in further dissipating the heat of the cooling medium.
  • This embodiment adopts a method of using the ambient temperature to passively cool the energy storage device and using the heating and cooling machine to actively cool the energy storage device.
  • passive cooling is started, and when the temperature exceeds the second threshold or the passive cooling time exceeds the third threshold, active cooling is started, and when the temperature is lower than the fourth threshold, active heating is started.
  • Such a gradient temperature management control can maximize the use of ambient temperature and reduce energy consumption compared to traditional air conditioning cooling and heating.
  • the temperature control device of this embodiment performs heat exchange with each battery pack one by one, and there is no uneven temperature diffusion that occurs when the air conditioner cools down, which can reduce costs and save energy.
  • the temperature control device also includes an electrical control box 570, which is respectively connected to the cooling and heating machine 520, the circulating pump 540 and the control valve assembly.
  • the electrical control box 570 can timely control the working status of the cooling and heating machine 520, the circulating pump 540 and the control valve assembly to avoid control delays in the BMS host.
  • the electrical control box 570 can operate the cooling and heating machine 520, the circulating pump 540 and the control valve assembly on site, which is easy to operate.
  • the second pipe segment, the third pipe segment, and the fourth pipe segment combined are equivalent to the first pipeline in the basic structure of the temperature control device
  • the first pipe segment is equivalent to the second pipeline in the basic structure of the temperature control device
  • the fifth pipe segment is equivalent to the third pipeline in the basic structure of the temperature control device
  • the sixth pipe segment is equivalent to the fourth pipeline in the basic structure of the temperature control device.
  • the inlet 512 and the outlet 511 of the secondary heat exchange tube 510 are both arranged outside the box 1000, and are connected to the first pipe section 551 and the second pipe section 552 outside the box 1000, avoiding the need to set a pipe connector inside the box 1000, making installation, maintenance and disassembly more convenient, and also avoiding the impact of medium leakage on the battery inside the box.
  • the heating and cooling machine 520, the circulation pump 540, the radiator 530 and the control valve are also arranged in the integrated cabinet 1010 arranged outside the box 1000 to achieve modular installation and management.
  • the secondary heat exchange tube 510 is a single-circuit circulation pipeline, which performs heat exchange with multiple battery packs 200 in the box 1000. The single-circuit circulation can make the secondary heat exchange tube 510 have no leakage points in the box, and the sealing is very good when the medium circulates, further avoiding the impact of medium leakage on the batteries in the box.
  • the temperature control device composed of the cooling and heating machine, radiator, circulation pump and control valve assembly used in this embodiment has active heating and cooling functions, as well as passive cooling functions, and is also suitable for use in energy storage equipment with a relatively large number of battery packs.
  • only the method of cooling and heating machine + circulating pump can be used to actively control the temperature rise and fall of the battery pack, but this method may require the cooling and heating machine to be in working state all the time, and the energy consumption is relatively large.
  • only the method of radiator + circulating pump can be used to passively control the temperature of the battery pack. Although this method consumes less energy, it can only play a cooling role, and the cooling capacity is also relatively limited.
  • this embodiment also provides a solution to the heating problem caused by the poor uniformity of the electrolyte of each square battery in the battery pack, that is, this embodiment adds a shared pipeline assembly to each battery pack, and optionally, the shared pipeline assembly can also provide a function of venting the battery pack.
  • the shared pipeline assembly in this embodiment is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • electrolyte sharing is achieved by using a shared pipeline assembly 400, which is not only configured to realize the function of electrolyte sharing, but also can be selectively configured as an explosion relief pipeline for the battery pack.
  • Its principle structure includes a shared pipeline and several sealing mechanisms, each square battery 300 is connected to the shared pipeline through its own injection channel; one end of the shared pipeline is provided with an explosion relief mechanism 415 for connecting the flue gas treatment device 900, and the other end is closed; the sealing mechanism is arranged at the injection channel of the square battery 300, which is used to seal the square battery, and when the square battery forms a battery pack, the sealing mechanism is dissolved by the electrolyte or forms an opening under the action of external force, and then the injection channel is connected to realize the connection between the shared pipeline and the inner cavity of the square battery.
  • the shared pipeline assembly can not only make multiple square batteries in the same electrolyte system, reduce the differences caused by different electrolyte consumption, but also can extract the electrolyte and replace it with a new electrolyte or directly add a new electrolyte when the battery pack is used for more than a certain number of years and the electrolyte is lost, which helps to extend the service life of the battery pack.
  • the shared pipeline may be a complete pipeline, but a preferred solution is that the shared pipeline is a pipeline formed by splicing as provided in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 18a and 18b it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the square battery 300 at different angles in this embodiment.
  • the shell of the square battery 300 is formed by an upper cover plate 32, a lower cover plate 33, and a cylinder 34.
  • the upper cover plate 32, the lower cover plate 33, and the cylinder 34 are independently designed parts, which are combined to form the shell of the square battery 300.
  • a non-split structure can be adopted, for example, the lower cover plate 33 and the cylinder 34 are designed as one body.
  • the upper cover plate 32 is provided with a pole 31, and the pole 31 includes a positive pole 31a and a negative pole 31b.
  • the lower cover plate 33 is provided with a manifold 410 of a shared pipeline assembly 400 and a second assembly seat 343.
  • FIG18d it is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the square battery 300 of this embodiment.
  • the lower cover plate 33 is provided with a liquid injection channel, which is a through hole 331.
  • a manifold 410 is also provided, which covers the through hole 331 and extends along the width direction of the lower cover plate 33.
  • the manifold 410 is connected with the through hole 331.
  • the through hole 331 is a circular hole, or a long strip through hole.
  • the manifold 410 is disposed on the cylinder of the square battery and extends along the length or width direction of the lower cover. In other embodiments, the manifold is disposed on the lower cover of the square battery and extends along the length direction of the lower cover. In order to ensure sealing and reduce processing costs, the manifold 410 and the lower cover 33 are integrally formed by an extrusion process in this embodiment.
  • the injection pipeline includes a plurality of manifolds 410 and a plurality of connecting tubes 412; the plurality of manifolds 410 are respectively arranged on the lower cover plate 33 of each square battery 300, and each manifold is laid along the width direction of the lower cover plate 33 of the square battery 300; the manifolds 410 on two adjacent square batteries 300 are connected by a connecting tube 412.
  • the manifold is designed as an integrated whole with the shell of the square battery 300 and connected by the connecting tube, so that the shell of the square battery is easy to process, economical and practical, and has a good sealing effect.
  • the manifolds 410 on two adjacent square batteries 300 are connected by a connecting tube 412.
  • the outer dimensions of the connecting tube 412 are comparable to those of the manifolds 410, which helps to improve the stability of the connection between the manifolds 410.
  • the connecting tube 412 includes two connecting nozzles 413, and the two ends of the manifold 410 are provided with connecting ports 414, and the connecting nozzles 413 are embedded in the connecting ports 414 for sealing connection; or the connecting tube 412 includes two connecting ports 414, and the two ends of the manifold 410 are provided with connecting nozzles 413, and the connecting nozzles 413 are embedded in the connecting ports 414 for sealing connection.
  • the shape of the connecting nozzle 413 is preferably a micro-cone, which is convenient for insertion into the connecting port 414, and the connecting nozzle 413 and the connecting port 414 are preferably interference fit, and the connecting nozzle 413 and the connecting port 414 are riveted, and an adhesive such as epoxy glue can be added to the riveted surface during riveting to further improve the sealing and fixing effect, or the connecting nozzle 413 and the connecting port 414 can also be threaded.
  • a sealing mechanism is provided on the injection channel, and the first sealing mechanism is a sealing film 421.
  • the sealing mechanism has two usage scenarios: when multiple square batteries do not need to share a common electrolyte system, it acts as an explosion relief film, and when a square battery has thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke enters the manifold 410 after breaking through or melting the sealing mechanism to form an injection explosion relief channel.
  • the first sealing mechanism sealing film 421 can dissolve in the presence of electrolyte, and can keep the electrode assembly in the square battery isolated from the outside air before the square batteries form a shared electrolyte system.
  • a protective film is attached to the side of the sealing film 421 facing the inside of the shell to prevent the electrolyte in the battery from dissolving the sealing film 421 in advance.
  • the sealing film 421 dissolves in the presence of the electrolyte, the protective film attached to it also falls off, making the electrolyte
  • the electrolyte can enter the inner cavity of the square battery, so that the electrolytes of each square battery in the battery pack are interconnected. This method avoids the use of other tools and has low requirements for the operating environment. As long as the electrolyte sharing channel is sealed in time after the electrolyte is injected, the electrolyte and electrode assembly can be ensured not to be exposed to the air.
  • the second sealing mechanism is a sealing sheet 422 with a traction ring 423, as shown in Figures 18g and 18h, a sealing sheet 422 is provided on the injection channel, and a traction ring 423 is provided on the sealing sheet 422.
  • the traction ring 423 is threaded with a traction line.
  • the sealing sheet 422 of each square battery is torn open by pulling the traction line threaded through all the traction rings 423, so that all square batteries form openings, so that the electrolyte is uniformly injected into the inner cavity of all square batteries, so as to achieve the effect of interconnection of the electrolytes of each square battery in the battery pack.
  • This operation should be performed in an environment with a dew point standard of -25 to -40°C, a temperature of 23°C ⁇ 2°C, and a cleanliness level of 100,000.
  • an integrated shared pipeline assembly (that is, a shared pipeline assembly using a complete pipeline) can also be used as an implementation method to achieve the same electrolyte sharing function.
  • the method of fixing the integrated pipeline to the battery pack is limited by the process and cost of the existing sealing method, and cannot achieve the advantages of low cost, simple process and good sealing of the spliced shared pipeline assembly, but it still falls within the scope of protection of this application.
  • a flue gas treatment device can be installed on the energy storage device to treat the thermal runaway flue gas.
  • the basic structure of the flue gas treatment device in this embodiment is described below.
  • the flue gas treatment device may specifically include at least one of an adsorption unit, a cooling unit, and an ignition unit. The specific structure and connection relationship of the adsorption unit, the cooling unit, and the ignition unit can be seen in Example 3.
  • the battery with thermal runaway may have an open flame that causes other surrounding batteries to catch fire, making the fire bigger, posing a serious safety hazard, and will also trigger the fire-fighting system to release the fire extinguishing agent so that all battery packs are immersed in the fire extinguishing agent, causing damage to other normal batteries. Therefore, the existing thermal runaway smoke treatment method is not ideal and needs to be solved.
  • the present application provides an energy storage device, which includes a box 1000, a fixing frame 1001, a flue gas treatment device 900, a BMS system and at least two battery packs 200.
  • the battery pack 200 can specifically adopt the battery pack provided in Example 1; the fixing frame 1001 is arranged in the box 1000, and a plurality of fixing seats 1002 for fixing the battery pack 200 are arranged in the fixing frame 1001. At least two battery packs 200 are fixed on the fixing seats 1002 and at least two battery packs 200 are connected in series in sequence; the box in Figure 14 is not fully loaded with battery packs 200. In actual use, the number of battery packs 200 should be adjusted according to the charging and discharging requirements.
  • the battery pack 200 includes a fixing component 201, a shared pipe component 400 and a plurality of square batteries 300; the fixing component fixes and connects the plurality of square batteries 300 as a whole, and the plurality of square batteries 300 are arranged in parallel; the shared pipe component 400 is used to penetrate the inner cavities of the plurality of square batteries 300 so that all the square batteries 300 in the battery pack 200 are in the same electrolyte system; the shared pipe component 400 can also be used as an explosion relief channel of the battery pack 200, and the thermal runaway flue gas discharged through the shared pipe component is treated by the flue gas treatment device 900.
  • the flue gas treatment device 900 in this embodiment is connected to the shared pipe assembly 400 on each battery pack 200, so that when any square battery 300 has thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged through the shared pipe assembly 400 to the flue gas treatment device 900 for treatment; the flue gas treatment device 900 is installed in the box 1000, but in order to facilitate installation, maintenance and improve operational safety, as shown in Figure 15b, an independent integrated cabinet 1010 is designed for the box 1000 to place the flue gas treatment device 900, and a cabinet door 1011 is optionally designed for it for easy operation.
  • the integrated cabinet can also be used to place a BMS host and other devices.
  • the BMS system (Battery Management System) is used to manage at least two battery packs 200, including a BMS host and the same number of BMS slaves 601 as the battery packs 200.
  • the BMS host can be set in the integrated cabinet 1010, or it can be set away from the energy storage device.
  • the BMS slaves 601 correspond to the battery packs 200 one by one, as shown in FIG16c , and the BMS slaves 601 are fixed on the battery packs 200 through the slave mounting base 602 to collect the parameters of the corresponding battery packs 200 and upload them to the BMS host.
  • the BMS host communicates with all the BMS slaves respectively to send control instructions to the BMS slaves.
  • the energy source of the energy storage device adopts multiple battery packs 200, and a battery pack 200 is composed of multiple square batteries 300
  • the series structure between the battery packs 200 and the parallel connection of all square batteries 300 in the battery pack 200 are the key to the normal operation of the energy storage device.
  • the battery packs 200 are connected in series through two electrical connectors, and the electrical connector can also realize the parallel connection of all square batteries 300 in the battery pack 200, which simplifies the circuit connection structure of the battery pack 200.
  • two electrical connectors 700 are provided on each battery pack. The specific structure and connection relationship of the electrical connector 700 are detailed in Example 2 and will not be repeated here.
  • the shared pipe assembly 400 is used to realize the sharing of electrolyte in each square battery 300 in the battery pack 200 and the safe explosion relief function of the battery pack 200.
  • the basic principle is to connect the inner cavities of each square battery 300 in the battery pack 200 so that all square batteries 300 are in the same electrolyte system, thereby improving the uniformity of the electrolyte in each square battery 300 and reducing the differences caused by different electrolyte consumption; when the battery pack 200 is used for more than a certain number of years and the electrolyte is depleted, the electrolyte can be extracted and replaced with a new electrolyte or directly supplemented with a new electrolyte or lithium supplement additives, which helps to extend the service life of the battery pack 200.
  • the shared pipeline assembly 400 can be a complete pipeline, or it can be a more preferred spliced pipeline provided in this embodiment.
  • the shared pipeline assembly 400 includes a plurality of manifolds 410 and a plurality of connecting tubes 412.
  • the plurality of manifolds 410 are respectively arranged on the shell of each square battery 300, and each manifold 410 is laid along the thickness direction or width direction of the shell of the square battery 300; the manifolds 410 on two adjacent square batteries 300 are connected by a connecting tube 412.
  • an injection channel connected to the manifold 410 arranged thereon is provided on each square battery 300, so that the injection channel also has the function of an explosion relief hole.
  • the shared pipeline assembly 400 can not only realize electrolyte sharing, but also be used as a unified explosion relief channel of the battery pack.
  • One end of the shared pipeline assembly 400 can be closed or installed with a liquid injection mechanism.
  • An explosion relief mechanism 415 is provided at the other end of the shared pipeline assembly 400, which is connected to a flue gas treatment device to treat thermal runaway flue gas.
  • the shared pipeline assembly 400 may also only have a single function, that is, only provide an electrolyte sharing function.
  • a liquid injection mechanism is installed at one end of the shared pipeline assembly 400, and the other end only provides an explosion relief function.
  • one end of the shared pipeline assembly 400 is closed, and an explosion relief mechanism 415 connected to the flue gas treatment device is installed at the other end.
  • the implementation method of the shared pipeline assembly is specifically described according to the structure of the square battery 300, as shown in Example 2 and Figures 18a to 18h, which will not be repeated here. It should be noted that before each square battery 300 forms a battery pack 200, the inner cavity of the square battery 300 needs to be sealed, but when forming the battery pack 200, the inner cavity of each square battery 300 needs to be connected, which is a condition for sharing the electrolyte. Therefore, a sealing mechanism that meets the requirements needs to be designed on the square battery 300. The specific setting of the sealing mechanism can also be seen in Example 2, which will not be repeated here.
  • the thermal runaway flue gas it emits has a high temperature and contains flammable toxic and harmful gases.
  • a flue gas treatment device can be installed on the energy storage device to treat the thermal runaway flue gas. The basic structure of the flue gas treatment device in this embodiment is described below.
  • the smoke treatment device 900 is an ignition unit 940 disposed outside the box 1000 for igniting the thermal runaway smoke; or the smoke treatment device is an adsorption unit disposed inside or outside the box 1000 for adsorbing the thermal runaway smoke; or the smoke treatment device is a cooling unit disposed inside or outside the box 1000 for cooling the thermal runaway smoke.
  • the flue gas treatment device includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit; the cooling unit and the adsorption unit are arranged inside or outside the box 1000.
  • the adsorption unit and the cooling unit may be located in an integrated cabinet 1010, as shown in FIG. 14; the flue gas input end of the cooling unit is connected to the shared pipeline assembly 400 on each battery pack 200 through the pressure relief main pipe, and the flue gas output end of the cooling unit is connected to the adsorption unit.
  • the flue gas treatment device is a cooling unit arranged inside or outside the box 1000 (when arranged outside the box, the cooling unit can be located in the integrated cabinet 1010) and an ignition unit 940 arranged outside the box 1000; the flue gas input end of the cooling unit is connected to the shared pipe assembly 400 on each battery pack 200 through the pressure relief main pipe, and the flue gas output end of the cooling unit is connected to the ignition unit 940.
  • the smoke treatment device is an adsorption unit arranged inside or outside the box 1000, and an ignition unit 940 arranged outside the box 1000.
  • the adsorption unit can be located in the integrated cabinet 1010, and the smoke input end of the adsorption unit is connected to the pressure relief main pipe.
  • the smoke output end of the adsorption unit is connected to the ignition unit 940 and is communicated with the shared pipeline assembly 400 on each battery group 200 .
  • the flue gas treatment device includes a cooling unit, an adsorption unit and an ignition unit; the cooling unit and the adsorption unit are arranged inside or outside the box 1000.
  • the adsorption unit and the cooling unit can be located in the integrated cabinet 1010; the ignition unit 940 is arranged outside the box 1000; the flue gas input end of the cooling unit is connected to the shared pipeline assembly 400 on each battery pack 200 through the pressure relief main pipe, the flue gas output end of the cooling unit is connected to the flue gas inlet end of the adsorption unit, and the flue gas outlet end of the adsorption unit is connected to the ignition unit 940.
  • the flue gas treatment device 900 includes a smoke exhaust pipe connected to each battery group 200, a cooling unit and an adsorption unit arranged in the integrated cabinet 1010, and an ignition unit 940 located outside the box 1000.
  • the smoke exhaust pipe includes multiple first-level pressure relief pipes 912 and second-level pressure relief pipes 913.
  • the number of the first-level pressure relief pipes 912 is consistent with the number of battery packs 200.
  • One end of the first-level pressure relief pipe 912 is connected to the explosion relief mechanism 415 of the battery pack 200 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the other end of the first-level pressure relief pipe 912 is connected to the second-level pressure relief pipe 913.
  • the number of the second-level pressure relief pipes 913 varies according to the number of layers of the fixing frame 1001, and can also be set separately according to actual needs. For example, sixty battery packs 200 are arranged in the box 1000, and the fixing frame 1001 of the box 1000 is arranged with six layers.
  • Ten battery packs 200 are placed on each layer of the fixing frame 1001.
  • Six secondary pressure relief pipes 913 are arranged according to the number of layers.
  • the ten primary pressure relief pipes 912 connected to the explosion relief mechanism 415 of the battery pack 200 in each layer are all connected to the same secondary pressure relief pipe 913 arranged in this layer, and then the six secondary pressure relief pipes 913 are collected in the pressure relief main pipe 914.
  • the diameter of the pressure relief main pipe 914 can preferably be set to be slightly larger than the diameter of each secondary pressure relief pipe 913.
  • the pressure relief main pipe 914 is connected to the unit for treating flue gas.
  • a secondary pressure relief pipe 913 is provided between each column of battery packs 200, and multiple secondary pressure relief pipes 913 are then aggregated into a main pressure relief pipe 914; alternatively, the primary pressure relief pipes 912 of sixty square batteries 300 are all connected to the same secondary pressure relief pipe 913, and the secondary pressure relief pipe 913 is connected to a unit for processing flue gas.
  • the adsorption unit includes N adsorption tanks 921 connected in series, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the inlet of the first adsorption tank 921 is connected to the pressure relief main pipe 914 or the secondary pressure relief pipe 913, and each adsorption tank 921 is filled with an adsorption medium to adsorb the thermal runaway flue gas.
  • the Nth adsorption tank 921 is provided with a pipeline to lead the thermal runaway flue gas to the outside of the box 1000, and the remaining gas is discharged to the outside of the box 1000, or the ignition unit 940 is connected to ignite it.
  • the N adsorption tanks 921 are connected in series through a hose, so that they can be freely arranged according to the design of different boxes 1000.
  • the provision of multiple adsorption tanks 921 can lengthen the filtering and adsorption journey of the thermal runaway flue gas, which helps to more thoroughly adsorb the thermal runaway flue gas.
  • the adsorption tank 921 can be made of a circular barrel body, and the two ends of the circular barrel body can be sealed by circular end covers, and the circular end covers can be connected to the circular barrel body through flanges, or the circular end covers can be welded to the two ends of the circular barrel body.
  • the adsorption tank sets the smoke inlet at the top of the adsorption tank 921 and the outlet at the bottom of the adsorption tank 921.
  • FIG. 24c it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adsorption tank 921 of this embodiment.
  • Two porous plates 9211 are arranged in the adsorption tank 921.
  • the two porous plates 9211 are axially connected by a connecting rod 9212 with threads at both ends, that is, the two ends of the connecting rod 9212 pass through the two porous plates 9211 respectively and are fixed by nuts.
  • the two adjacent porous plates 9211 and the inner wall of the adsorption tank 921 form an adsorption cavity.
  • the adsorption medium is filled in the adsorption cavity.
  • the adsorption medium preferably uses activated carbon, zeolite molecular sieve or alumina with good adsorption performance and low cost.
  • the flue gas treatment device when the flue gas treatment device is provided with an ignition unit 940, it is preferred to simultaneously provide a trigger unit 930 for triggering and starting the ignition unit 940; the ignition unit 940 is provided outside the housing 1000, and when the flue gas treatment device is not provided with a cooling unit and an adsorption unit, the pressure relief main pipe 914 is directly connected to the ignition unit; when the flue gas treatment device is provided with an adsorption unit, the ignition unit is connected to the outlet of the Nth adsorption tank 921, and the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged to the outside of the housing 1000 after passing through the N adsorption tanks 921, and is ignited by the ignition unit 940 for harmless treatment to reduce environmental pollution; when the flue gas treatment device is provided with a cooling unit and an adsorption unit, the connection method of the ignition unit is the same as the connection method when only the adsorption unit is provided; when the flue gas treatment device is provided with a cooling unit but not an adsorption unit, the ignition
  • the trigger unit 930 can be a sensor of different forms, which can be set in the secondary pressure relief pipe 913 or the pressure relief main pipe 914 according to different needs.
  • the temperature, pressure or gas volume fraction and other parameters are detected in real time.
  • a signal is sent, which can be an electrical signal or a mechanical signal.
  • the above-mentioned sensor can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor or a temperature sensor.
  • the pressure sensor, the gas sensor and the temperature sensor can be set in the secondary pressure relief pipe 913 or the pressure relief main pipe 914. 914 or on the battery housing.
  • the pressure sensor may be a magnetic switch or the like.
  • the ignition unit 940 specifically includes an exhaust pipe 941 and an igniter 942 fixed at the top of the exhaust pipe 941.
  • the inlet of the exhaust pipe 941 is connected to the outlet of the adsorption unit.
  • the igniter 942 is arranged at the outlet end of the exhaust pipe 941 to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 941.
  • a flame arrester 943 can also be arranged on the above-mentioned exhaust pipe 941. The flame arrester 943 prevents the flame from transmitting downward.
  • the igniter 942 can adopt an existing arc igniter or a resistance wire igniter, etc.
  • the arc igniter can specifically adopt a pulse igniter, and the power supply method of the igniter can adopt a dry cell or an alternating current according to the on-site environment.
  • the thermal runaway smoke reaches the exhaust pipe 941, and when the trigger unit 930 detects the thermal runaway smoke in the exhaust pipe 941, a feedback signal is sent to the igniter 942, and the igniter 942 starts and ignites the residual thermal runaway smoke.
  • a cooling unit is set to cool down the thermal runaway flue gas with a higher temperature to prevent the high-temperature flue gas from damaging the adsorption unit, or when the adsorption treatment is insufficient, the residual electrolyte in the ignition process in the ignition unit 940 causes the ignition flame to be too large and damage some components of the ignition unit 940.
  • the cooling unit includes M cooling tanks 951 and at least one reflux tank 952.
  • the M cooling tanks 951 and the reflux tank 952 are connected by hoses and arranged according to the design requirements of the box body, but the electrolyte inlet of the reflux tank 952 should be lower than the electrolyte outlet of the cooling tank 951.
  • the first cooling tank 951 is connected to the pressure relief main pipe 914 or the secondary pressure relief pipe 913. When there are multiple cooling tanks 951 and reflux tanks 952, they can be interspersed.
  • the Mth cooling tank 951 or the last reflux tank 952 is connected to the first adsorption tank 921.
  • the above-mentioned reflux tank 952 can adopt a tank body of any shape, or a flexible bag structure that does not react with the electrolyte, as long as it can collect small droplets of electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas.
  • connection order of the cooling unit and the adsorption unit can be exchanged, but the high-temperature gas directly passing through the adsorption unit is not conducive to adsorption and may cause certain damage to the adsorption unit. Therefore, the preferred treatment method of cooling first and then adsorbing is to improve the safety of flue gas treatment.
  • the cooling medium and adsorption medium inside the cooling tank 951 and the adsorption tank 921 can be partially or fully filled to meet different usage requirements.
  • the above-mentioned cooling medium can be one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide.
  • This embodiment uses a physical cooling method to cool down the thermal runaway flue gas. This type of material has a good cooling effect, stable properties, and does not produce gas, which is conducive to reducing the subsequent gas adsorption pressure.
  • the flue gas treatment device further includes a sensing unit 960; the sensing unit 960 can send a signal to the BMS when thermal runaway occurs, and the BMS controls the battery pack 200 in the box 1000 to stop charging and discharging, thereby improving the safety of the entire system.
  • the sensing unit 960 can be a pressure sensor, a gas sensor, or a temperature sensor.
  • FIG. 24a only indicates one of the installation positions of the sensing unit 960, and multiple sensing units can be provided to facilitate timely detection and sensing.
  • a pressure valve (not shown in the figure) is set at the outlet of the Nth adsorption tank 921.
  • the pressure valve When the pressure valve is closed, the thermal runaway flue gas in the cooling unit and the adsorption unit is pressurized to increase the adsorption effect and the cooling effect.
  • the pressure valve opens, and the thermal runaway flue gas enters the ignition unit 940, and the ignition unit 940 ignites the thermal runaway flue gas.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种电池组及储能设备,所述电池组包括固定组件、共享管路组件、换热组件以及若干方形电池,若干方形电池并联连接;固定组件用于将所述若干方形电池并排固定连接以形成电池组;共享管路组件用于将所述若干方形电池的内腔全部贯通,以使所述电池组中所有方形电池均处于一个电解液体系下;换热组件用于与若干方形电池同一侧的极柱固定连接,以实现电池组中所有方形电池与外部进行换热。本申请能够加强电池组内各个方形电池电解液的均一性,提高循环寿命,还能通过该共享管路组件为电池组补充电解液,延长电池组的使用寿命,同时提高电池组的使用安全性。

Description

一种电池组及储能设备 技术领域
本申请涉及储能技术领域,特别是涉及一种电池组及储能设备。
背景技术
目前市场上多通过并联或串联圆柱电池、方形电池、软包电池使其成为电池组。如CN208078069U公开了一种电芯组件及电池组,所述电芯组件包括多个电芯、导电带、第一极耳以及第二极耳,多个所述电芯并排设置,所述导电带与多个所述电芯连接,以将间隔设置或相邻的两个所述电芯串联,所述第一极耳以及所述第二极耳设置于多个并排设置的所述电芯的同一侧,所述第一极耳通过所述导电带与一个所述电芯连接,所述第二极耳通过所述导电带与另一个所述电芯连接。
但是上述电池组依然存在以下缺陷:电池组使用一段时间后各个单体电池的电解液会存在一定程度的差异,电解液量最少或者有效成分最少的单体电池将成为木桶效应中的短板,影响电池组整体寿命,并且电解液均一性较差的问题会使各单体电池内阻不一致,进而引发各个单体电池发热量不一致的情况,存在安全隐患。为了解决电池组发热量不一致的问题,现有的电池组散热方式是:通过设置液冷循环管路对电池组进行散热;但是经过实际使用发现:由于各单体电池的发热量不一致,若采用现有散热方式则需要增大液冷循环管路中液冷介质的流通路径或流通面积来确保散热效果,但是这样的散热方式会带来电池组体积较大、制作装配复杂、配套设备繁多、成本较高等问题。
因此,如何削弱木桶效应造成的不良影响以保证现有电池组中单体电池的一致性,并同时解决现有液冷散热方式会导致电池组体积较大、结构复杂,制作成本等是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为削弱木桶效应造成的不良影响以保证现有电池组中单体电池的一致性,并同时解决现有液冷散热方式会导致电池组体积较大、结构复杂,制作成本等问题,本申请采用的一种技术方案是,提供一种电池组及储能设备。
本申请的电池组包括固定组件、共享管路组件、换热组件以及若干方形电池,若干方形电池并联连接;固定组件用于将所述若干方形电池并排固定连接以形成电池组;共享管路组件用于将所述若干方形电池的内腔全部贯通,以使所述电池组中所有方形电池均处于一个电解液体系下;换热组件用于与若干方形电池同一侧的极柱固定连接,以实现电池组中所有方形电池与外部进行换热。本申请通过并联连接电池组内若干方形电池并通过固定组件固定形成电池组,同时设置共享管路组件,使电池组内所有方形电池处于同一电解液体系下,削弱木桶效应造成的不良影响确保了电池组内各个方形电池电解液均一,提高循环寿命;同时均一性的提升也降低了各单体电池发热量的差异,使得各单体电池能基本维持均衡发热,降低了由于个别电池发热量过大而导致热失控的几率。另外,该共享管路组件还可为电池组补充电解液,进一步延长了电池组的使用寿命。
进一步地,由于各单体电池基本维持均衡发热的状态,因此本申请采用换热组件与各单体电池极柱相连的方式将各单体电池上热量最为集中的极柱热量传导至外部进行散热,该散热方式不仅实现了对电池组内各个单体电池的均衡散热,提高了电池组的使用安全性,同时该结构简单、易于制作装配,且制作成本低。
较佳的,所述共享管路组件包括注液管路,所述方形电池包括注液通道,所述注液通道设置有密封机构;每个方形电池通过注液通道与所述注液管路连通;注液管路一端作为总注液口,另一端封闭;所述密封机构用于对注液通道起密封作用,且该密封机构在遇电解液时溶解或在外力作用下形成开口,继而使得注液通道贯通,以实现注液管路和方形电池电解液腔的连通。注液管路和密封机构的设置使电池组在形成共享电解液体系前保持每个方形电池内的电极组件不接触空气,在组成电池组前可对每个方形电池先进行分容,一致性好的方形电池再用来组成电池组。组成电池组时,在需要注液时去除密封机构再统一注入电解液,使得电池组的性能更佳。
较佳的,所述注液管路包括若干汇流管和若干连接管;若干汇流管分别设置在每个方形电池壳体上,且每个汇流管沿所述方形电池壳体的厚度方向或宽度方向铺设;相邻两个方形电池上所述汇流管均通过一个连接管连接。汇流管与壳体一体化设计并通过连接管连接的设置使方形电池的壳体及其组成的电池组加工简便,经济实用,密封效果良好。
较佳的,所述连接管两端包括连接嘴,所述汇流管两端设置有连接口,所述连接嘴嵌于所述连接口内密封连接;或所述连接管两端包括连接口,所述汇流管两端设置连接嘴,所述连接嘴嵌于所述连接口内密封连接。连接嘴和连接口的设置使汇流管与连接管的拼接更加简单便捷,还能够使各个方形电池之间排列紧密,缩小电池组体积。
较佳的,所述连接嘴为锥形嘴,所述连接嘴与所述连接口过盈配合;或所述连接嘴与所述连接口螺纹连接。锥形嘴能够更好的与连接口拼接,过盈配合能够提高共享管路组件的气密性,螺纹连接方便安装,成本低,气密性好。
较佳的,所述注液管路的总注液口上设置有可拆卸的泄爆机构,注液管路的封闭端采用封堵件密封。泄爆机构的设置能够使共享管路组件同时作为泄爆通道使用,当任一方形电池发生热失控,则共享电解液通道作为泄爆通道,热失控烟气通过泄爆机构排出。
较佳的,所述密封机构为设置有牵引环的密封片,在外力牵引下所述牵引环撕开所述密封片形成开口;或所述密封机构为附有保护膜的密封膜,所述密封膜溶于电解液,所述保护膜不溶于电解液,所述保护膜附于所述密封膜面向所述方形电池的内腔的一侧,当所述密封膜溶于电解液后,所述保护膜随之脱落。密封机构可通过外力打开或通过电解液溶解打开,两种方式均能够起到单个方形电池制作时组装、化成、分容等步骤的要求,且在组成电池组时打开方便简单。
较佳的,所述换热组件包括传热管,所述极柱设置有通槽,所述传热管固定在所述通槽内。极柱是方形电池发热最为明显的地方,在极柱上设置通槽,并将传热管设置在通槽内可以通过温控设备有效降低极柱的热量,也可在电池组温度低时对电池组加热,提高电池组的安全性和运行稳定性。
较佳的,所述通槽的断面呈C字形或U字形;所述传热管直径与所述通槽最宽处的比为1:1.05~1:1.1;所述通槽的长度与所述方形电池的上盖板的宽度比为0.7:1~0.9:1。C字形通槽其两端形成的弧度具有自然张力,有利于将传热管紧密卡接在通槽内;U字形的通槽,其开口宽度与通槽的最宽处较为接近,便于放置传热管,且能够提供足够的操作空间使专用工装将传热管整平或将传热管与通槽贴合的更加紧密。
较佳的,所述方形电池壳体包括上盖板、下盖板和筒体,所述极柱绝缘设置在所述上盖板上,所述下盖板与所述汇流管为一体成型的铝挤压件;所述筒体为铝挤压件;所述下盖板与所述筒体激光焊接固定。挤压工艺成本低,焊接固定的工艺密封效果好。
较佳的,所述固定组件为固定壳体,若干所述方形电池并排固定设置在所述固定壳体内;或所述固定组件包括第一组装件和第二组装件,所述第一组装件与所述方形电池的所述方形电池的筒体侧壁固定连接,用于将并排放置的若干方形电池固定为一个整体;所述第二组装件位于并排放置的若干方形电池下方,且与方形电池的下盖板固定连接。
同时,本申请提供
一种储能设备,该储能设备包括箱体、固定架、温控装置、BMS系统以及至少两个电池组;所述固定架设置于箱体内,至少两个电池组串联连接后固定在所述固定架上;所述电池组包括固定组件、换热组件、共享管路组件以及若干方形电池;固定组件将若干方形电池固定连接为一个整体,且若干方形电池并联设置,共享管路组件,用于将所述若干方形电池的内腔全部贯通,以使所述电池组中所有方形电池均处于一个电解液体系下;换热组件用于实现电池组与温控装置之间的热交换;所述温控装置设置在箱体外,用于通过所述换热组件实现对每个电池组的升温或降温;所述BMS系统用于管理所述至少两个电池组,包括BMS主机以及与所述电池组数量相同的BMS从机,所述BMS主机分别设置在所述电池组上,所述BMS主机分别与所有BMS从机通讯连接。
本申请通过在储能设备的电池组设置换热组件,该换热组件与每个方形电池发热最严重的极柱连接,实现了各方形电池和电池组自身的热交换,同时在箱外设置了温控装置,不仅确保了电池组中每个方形电池升温或降温的均一性,同时也可直接将温度较高的方形电池温度直接传导出来,提升了方形电池以及电池组的散热性能,并且储能设备处于极寒条件下,电池组中方形电池无法正常启动时,还可以利用温控装置传递热量至换热组件为各个电池组中的方形电池进行自动升温。
较佳的,所述电池组还设置有两个电连接件;其中一个电连接件与该电池组上若干方形电池的所有正极柱电连接,另一个电连接件与该电池组上若干方形电池的所有负极柱连接;一个电池组上与正极柱连接的电连接件和与之相邻的另一个电池组上与负极柱连接的电连接件连接,以使相邻两个电池组之间串联连接。通过该电连接件,将所有方形电池的正极统一连接、负极统一连接,能够使组成电池组的方形电池之间实现并联连接,结构简单,效果好。
较佳的,所述电连接件包括第一连接部和第二连接部,所述第一连接部与电池组上所有正极柱或负极柱电连接,所述第二连接部与相邻的另一电池组上所述电连接件的所述第二连接部电连接,以使相邻所述电池组串联连接。第一连接部和第二连接部的设置进一步细化了电连接件的功能区域,第一连接部用于并联所有方形电池,第二连接部实现了电池组之间的串联,简化了电池组之间的连接结构,提高了电池组之间电连接的载流面积,省去了单独在电池组之间设置连接装置,结构简单,效果好。
较佳的,所述电连接件包括缓冲槽;所述缓冲槽设置在所述第一连接部靠近所述第二连接部的一侧。缓冲槽的设置能够在电池组摆放位置存在些许误差时,微调其位置使串联连接更容易,避免重复搬动电池组,并且还可以在搬运过程中为轻微的位移提供缓冲空间。
换热组件作为本申请的其中一个核心部件,具体设置方式有很多种,考虑到换热效率以及与其他部件的合理匹配,本申请主要提供了以下两种方式:
第一种换热组件,包括一级换热管,并通过该一级换热管实现电池组与温控装置之间的换热;具体连接关系为:一级换热管第一部分与电池组上所有正极柱或负极柱连接,第二部分与温控装置连接,且一级换热管与温控装置之间保持绝缘。一级换热管与温控装置保持绝缘的方式可以有以下几种:一是一级换热管分别与正、负极柱之间绝缘,二是一级换热管与温控装置之间绝缘,三是一级换热管本身为绝缘材料。第一种换热组件中一级换热管可采用绝缘塑料管内部通入水等液体介质来实现热交换,虽然确保了绝缘性,但是绝缘塑料管传热效果不理想,同时还可能存在液体泄漏的风险,安全性较差。因此,为了确保换热效果,第一种优先选择热管作为一级换热管,使用时为了确保绝缘性,可在一级换热管分别与正、负极柱之间设置绝缘膜,或一级热换管与温控装置连接的位置处设置绝缘膜。
需要说明的是,为了确保换热效果的同时节省成本,第一种换热组件选用热管时所配备的温控装置选择TEC(即半导体制冷器)。但是,由于热管的特性导致其自身长度受限(即热交换的两个主体之间的距离受限),同时TEC的制冷和制热的能力有限,导致采用热管作为一级换热管的第一种换热组件只适合于储能设备中电池组比较少的场景使用或者储能设备中箱体体积较小的场景使用。
第二种换热组件,其基本原理是采用两级热交换机理,第二种换热组件的具体结构包括一级换热管、二级换热管以及绝缘换热件;一级换热管第一部分与电池组上所有正极柱或负极柱连接,一级换热管第二部分通过绝缘换热件与二级换热管第一部分绝缘换热,二级换热管的第二部分与温控装置连接。其中,所述绝缘换热件上设置有至少一个第一安装部和至少一个第二安装部;所述第一安装部用于安装一级换热管的所述另一部分,所述第二安装部用于安装二级换热管的一部分,且所述一级换热管与第一安装部之间保持绝缘,或者,二级换热管与第二安装部之间保持绝缘,或者第一安装部和第二安装部之间保持绝缘。优选地,所述第一安装部和第二安装部为孔或槽。
为了确保一级换热效率以及安全性,一级换热管采用热管,二级换热管可以同样采用热管或者可以采用铝管内部通入水等液体介质(即液冷管)来实现热交换,为了满足储能设备中电池组数量较多,储能设备的箱体体积较大需要具有足够远的热交换距离时,本申请提供的二级换热管需要采用液冷管的方式,这样一来,与二级换热管实现热交换的温控装置相适配的也同样需要采用液冷方式。
也就是说第二种换热组件需要同时兼顾绝缘效果、换热效果、换热距离长以及适用于电池组数量较多等多维度优势时,第二种换热组件中一级换热管为热管,二级换热管为液冷管。
较佳的,与该第二种换热组件配合的温控装置具体结构优选如下:所述温控装置包括冷暖机、散热器、循环泵和控制阀组件;所述冷暖机用于对二级换热管内的介质进行主动增温或主动降温,所述冷暖机的进液口与二级换热管的出口通过第一管路连接,所述冷暖机的出液口与二级换热管的进口通过第二管路连接;所述散热器与第一管路或第二管路连接,用于对二级换热管内的介质进行被动降温;所述循环泵设置在第一管路或第二管路上,用于对二级换热管内介质的流动提供动力;所述控制阀组件设置在第一管路或第二管路上,所述控制阀组件用于控制冷暖机和散热器连通,实现介质的被动降温;或者,所述控制阀组件控制冷暖机和散热器断开,介质仅流入冷暖机内实现主动增温或主动降温。
较佳的,所述控制阀组件包括三通电动阀,所述三通电动阀的第一端口与冷暖机的进液口连通,第二端口与第一管路连通,第三端口与散热器的出口连通。
较佳的,所述控制阀组件包括第一电动阀和第二电动阀,所述第一电动阀设置在散热器的出口处,所述第二电动阀设置在第一管路上,或者,所述第一电动阀设置在散热器的进口处,所述第二电动阀设置在第二管路上。
较佳的,所述温控装置还包括电气控制箱,所述电气控制箱分别与冷暖机、循环泵和控制阀组件连接,用于控制冷暖机、循环泵和控制阀组件的工作状态,所述电气控制箱与所述BMS系统通讯连接。该电气控制箱可及时对冷暖机、循环泵和控制阀组件的工作状态进行控制,同时,该电气控制箱可在现场对冷暖机、循环泵和控制阀组件进行操作,具有操作便捷性的特点。
此外,本实施例还提供另一种储能设备,该储能设备包括箱体、固定架、烟气处理装置、BMS系统以及至少两个电池组;所述固定架设置于箱体内,至少两个电池组串联连接后固定在所述固定架上;所述电池组包括固定组件、共享管路组件以及若干方形电池;固定组件将若干方形电池固定连接为一个整体,且若干方形电池并联设置;共享管路组件用于将若干方形电池内的内腔全部贯通,以使所述电池组中所有方形电池均处于同一个电解液体系下;所述烟气处理装置与每个电池组上的所述共享管路组件连接,以使任一方形电池发生热失控时通过所述共享管路组件排出热失控烟气至所述烟气处理装置进行处理;所述BMS系统用于管理所述至少两个电池组,包括BMS主机以及与所述电池组数量相同的BMS从机,所述BMS主机分别设置在所述电池组上,所述BMS主机分别与所有BMS从机通讯连接。
本申请通过共享管路组件实现了电池组中每个方形电池处于同一电解液体系下,不仅确保了各方形电池始终处于动态平衡,并且在同一电解液体系下,同一电池组中各方形电池的温度也能处于一个较为均衡的状态,也在一定程度上避免了由于某一方形电池的温度与其他方形电池差异较大致使自身发热严重而引起的热失控概率,提升了储能设备的安全性。同时,本申请通过设置烟气处理装置,热失控烟气排放至烟气处理装置后被无害化处理,能够避免储能设备箱体内出现明火,与现有储能设备的消防系统相比能够避免单一电池组热失控起火时启动整个消防系统使箱体内所有电池组处于灭火剂的浸没下以至于损坏其他正常电池的问题。
由此可见,本申请的储能设备在前端通过共享管路组件减小了热失控事件发生的概率,并且在后端通过共享管路组件和烟气处理装置共同作用,对热失控烟气进行了合理有效的处理,大大提升了储能设备的安全性。另外,热失控烟气排放至烟气处理装置后被无害化处理,能够避免储能设备箱体内出现明火,进一步提升了储能设备整体的安全性。烟气处理装置还能够避免单一电池组热失控起火时启动整个消防系统使箱体内所有电池组处于灭火剂的浸没下以至于损坏其他正常电池。
较佳的,所述电池组还设置有两个电连接件;其中一个电连接件与该电池组上若干方形电池的所有正极柱电连接,另一个电连接件与该电池组上若干方形电池的所有负极柱连接;一个电池组上与正极柱连接的电连接件和与之相邻的另一个电池组上与负极柱连接的电连接件连接,以使相邻两个电池组之间串联连接。
较佳的,所述电连接件包括第一连接部和第二连接部,所述第一连接部与电池组上所有正极柱或负 极柱电连接,所述第二连接部与相邻的另一电池组上所述电连接件的所述第二连接部电连接,以使相邻所述电池组串联连接。第一连接部和第二连接部的设置进一步细化了电连接件的功能区域,第一连接部用于并联所有方形电池,第二连接部实现了电池组之间的串联,简化了电池组之间的连接结构,提高了电池组之间电连接的载流面积,省去了单独在电池组之间设置连接装置,结构简单,效果好。
较佳的,所述电连接件包括缓冲槽;所述缓冲槽设置在所述第一连接部靠近所述第二连接部的一侧。缓冲槽的设置能够在电池组摆放位置存在些许误差时,微调其位置使串联连接更容易,避免重复搬动电池组,并且还可以在搬运过程中为轻微的位移提供缓冲空间。
共享管路组件作为本申请其中一个核心部件,具体的设置方式有很多种:
第一种设置方式:共享管路组件包括一根注液管路,每个方形电池通过其自身的一个注液通道与所述注液管路连通;注液管路一端设置有用于和烟气处理装置连接的泄爆机构,另一端封闭。该注液管路可以是在电池组上安装的一根完整的管路,并在电池组内所有方形电池上设置注液通道,使该注液通道和注液管路贯通,这样的设置起到两方面的作用,第一是可以在管路内预先注入电解液,起到提高电解液均一性的目的,避免因为电池组内各个方形电池电解液不均一导致电池容量不同,引发木桶效应;也可以在电池组完成多次循环以至于电容量发生衰减后补充电解液,提高电池组内各个方形电池的活性物质的浓度,例如锂离子以及各种添加剂,可以一定程度上修复电池组的电容量。第二是可以在电池组内任一方形电池发生热失控时,通过该管路和泄爆机构统一排放热失控烟气,避免无序排放引发安全事故。
使用一根完整的管路作为注液管路,其对安装时的工艺要求较高,实际操作时很难保证注液通道和注液管路之间不漏液,以及该位置承受热失控压力时而不破裂或脱落。为了解决上述问题,优选了第二种设置方式的共享管路组件,具体的,所述注液管路包括若干汇流管和若干连接管,若干汇流管分别设置在每个方形电池壳体上,且每个汇流管沿所述方形电池壳体的厚度方向或宽度方向铺设;相邻两个方形电池上的所述汇流管均通过一个连接管连接以形成注液管路。这样的设计,降低了注液管路与方形电池之间的密封安装的难度,并解决了方形电池壳体上注液通道和注液管路之间泄漏的问题。另外,上述汇流管和方形电池壳体可采用挤压工艺或其他一体成型工艺能够进一步简化装配过程,同时降低成本。
烟气处理装置是本申请另一个核心部件,其具体的设置方式也有很多种:
如烟气处理装置可以为箱体之外的用于对热失控烟气进行点燃处理的点火单元;或,烟气处理装置为设置在箱体内或箱体外用于对热失控烟气进行吸附处理的吸附单元;或,烟气处理装置为设置在箱体内或箱体外用于对热失控烟气进行冷却处理的冷却单元。以上描述的点火单元、吸附单元、冷却单元均能独立承担烟气处理的工作。具体来说,采用点火单元时,热失控烟气中包括可燃气体,可通过点火单元点燃热失控烟气后排放,降低了爆炸风险,还能减少对环境的污染;采用吸附单元时,吸附单元可以吸附热失控烟气中的颗粒状物体、有毒有害气体以及具有腐蚀性的液体,将其余可排放的气体排出箱体外;采用冷却单元时,冷却单元可将高温的热失控烟气降温,使液体冷凝,大大降低了高温过热的混合物引发安全问题。
进一步地,若将点火单元、吸附单元、冷却单元进行不同形式组合,不仅可以各组发挥其各自原有的作用,还具有协同作用,优化热失控烟气的处理效果。
(一)烟气处理装置包括冷却单元和吸附单元;冷却单元和吸附单元设置在箱体内或箱体外;冷却单元的烟气输入端通过烟气通道与每个电池组上的共享管路组件连通,冷却单元的烟气输出端与吸附单元连通。吸附单元和冷却单元将热失控烟气冷却后再吸附可以避免损伤吸附单元,降低后期的维护成本。
(二)烟气处理装置包括冷却单元和点火单元;所述烟气处理装置为在箱体内或箱体外的冷却单元,以及设置在箱体外的点火单元;冷却单元的烟气输入端通过烟气通道与每个电池组上的共享管路组件连通,冷却单元的烟气输出端与点火单元连接。冷却单元点火单元将经冷却单元冷却后少了液体的气体和颗粒物点燃,提高点火的效率,继而提高热失控烟气的处理效率。
(三)烟气处理装置包括吸附单元和点火单元;所述烟气处理装置为在箱体内或箱体外的吸附单元,以及设置在箱体外的点火单元,吸附单元的烟气输入端通过烟气通道与每个电池组上的共享管路组件连 通,吸附单元的烟气输出端与点火单元连接。吸附单元点火单元可以将经吸附单元吸附了有毒有害物质和液体后的气体点燃,点燃效果更好,更加环保。
(四)所述烟气处理装置包括冷却单元、吸附单元以及点火单元;所述冷却单元和吸附单元设置在箱体内或箱体外;所述点火单元设置在箱体外;冷却单元的烟气输入端通过烟气通道与每个电池组上的共享管路组件连通,冷却单元的烟气输出端与吸附单元的烟气入口端连接,吸附单元的烟气出口端与点火单元连接。点火单元、吸附单元、冷却单元三者组合的协同效果是最好的,经冷却单元冷却后冷凝了部分液体,其余颗粒物和气体携带未冷凝的液体进入吸附单元被吸附后,仅余下部分可燃气体被点火单元点燃排放,不仅热失控烟气处理效率大大提高,而且对各个装置的损伤小,后期维护成本低,还能更加环保。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中电池组的结构示意图一;
图2为实施例1中电池组的结构示意图二;
图3为实施例1中电池壳体的结构示意图一;
图4为实施例1中电池壳体的结构示意图二;
图5a为实施例1中电池壳体下盖板的剖面结构示意图一;
图5b为实施例1中电池壳体下盖板的剖面结构示意图二;
图6为实施例1中电池壳体与连接件的结构示意图;
图7a为实施例1中电池壳体与密封膜的结构示意图
图7b为实施例1中电池壳体与密封膜的剖面结构示意图;
图7c为实施例1中下盖板与密封膜的剖面结构示意图一;
图7d为实施例1中下盖板与密封膜的剖面结构示意图二;
图8a为实施例1中电池壳体与密封片的结构示意图;
图8b为实施例1中电池壳体与密封片的剖面结构示意图;
图9为实施例1中极柱的结构示意图;
图10为实施例1中上盖板与极柱安装后的结构示意图;
图11为实施例1中多种极柱与导电连接座固定后的结构示意图;
图12为实施例1中极柱的尺寸定义示意图;
图13为实施例1中上盖板及极柱的尺寸定义示意图;
图14为实施例2中储能设备的结构示意图一;
图15a为实施例2中储能设备固定架的结构示意图;
图15b为实施例2中储能设备的结构示意图二;
图16a为实施例2中电池组第一视角的结构示意图;
图16b为实施例2中电池组第二视角的结构示意图;
图16c为实施例2中电池组第一视角的爆炸示意图;
图16d为实施例2中电池组第二视角的爆炸示意图;
图17为实施例2中电连接件的结构示意图;
图18a为实施例2中方形电池第一视角的结构示意图;
图18b为实施例2中方形电池第二视角的结构示意图;
图18c为实施例2中两个方形电池与连接件的结构连接状态的爆炸示意图;
图18d为实施例2中方形电池与连接件的剖面结构示意图;
图18e为实施例2中方形电池下盖板的剖面结构示意图(注液通道为圆形孔);
图18f为实施例2中方形电池下盖板与密封膜的剖面结构示意图(密封膜为长条形);
图18g为实施例2中方形电池与密封片的结构示意图;
图18h为实施例2中方形电池与密封片的剖面结构示意图;
图19为实施例2中极柱的结构示意图;
图20为实施例2中极柱与导电连接座固定后的结构示意图;
图21为实施例2中上盖板的爆炸示意图;
图22a为实施例2中换热组件的结构示意图;
图22b为实施例2中换热组件中第一安装件的结构示意图;
图22c为实施例2中换热组件中绝缘导热片的结构示意图;
图23a为实施例2中温控装置的结构示意图;
图23b为实施例2中另一种温控装置的结构示意图;
图23c为实施例2中又一种温控装置的结构示意图;
图23d为实施例2中再一种温控装置第一角度的结构示意图;
图23e为实施例2中再一种温控装置第二角度的结构示意图;
图24a为实施例3中烟气处理装置第一角度的结构示意图;
图24b为实施例3中烟气处理装置第二角度的结构示意图;
图24c为实施例3中烟气处理装置吸附罐的结构示意图;
图24d为实施例3中烟气处理装置点火单元的结构示意图。
附图标记:1100-方形电池,1200-固定组件,1201-第一组装件,1202-第二组装件,1300-共享管路组件,1400-换热组件,11-上盖板,112-第一绝缘件,111-第二绝缘件,12-下盖板,121-第一通孔,13-筒体,131-第一电池安装座,132-第二电池安装座,133-散热槽,134-加强筋,14-汇流管,141-连接口,142-第二通孔,143-泄爆机构,15-极柱,150-通槽,151-第一端面,1511-第一区域,1512-第二区域,152-第二端面,153-侧壁,154-导电连接座,17-连接管,171-连接嘴,181-密封膜,182-密封片,1821-牵引环,19-电连接件,1000-箱体,1001-固定架,1002-固定座,1010-集成柜,1011-柜门,200-电池组,201-固定组件,201a-第一组装件,201b-第二组装件,300-方形电池,31-极柱,31a-正极柱,31b-负极柱,310-通槽,311-第一端面,312-第二端面,313-侧壁,314-导电连接座,32-上盖板,321-第一绝缘件,322-第二绝缘件,33-下盖板,331-通孔,34-筒体,341-加强筋,342-第一组装座,343-第二组装座,344-散热槽,400-共享管路组件,410-汇流管,412-连接管,413-连接嘴,414-连接口,415-泄爆机构,421-密封膜,422-密封片,423-牵引环,500-温控装置,510-二级换热管,511-出口,512-进口,520-冷暖机,521-进液口,522-出液口,530-散热器,531-风机,540-循环泵,551-第一管段,552-第二管段,553-第三管段,554-第四管段,555-第五管段,556-第六管段,557-第七管段,558-第八管段,561-第一控制阀,562-三通电动阀,563-第一电动阀,564-第二电动阀,565-第二控制阀,570-电气控制箱,580-膨胀罐,581-第一管路,582-第二管路,583-第三管路,584-第四管路,601-BMS从机,602-从机安装座,700-电连接件,701-第一连接部,702-第二连接部,703-缓冲槽,704-连接孔,800-绝缘换热件;801-绝缘换热件固定座;802-第一安装件;803-第二安装件;804-一级换热管;806-第一绝缘导热片;807-第三安装件;808-第四安装件;809-第二绝缘导热片;900-烟气处理装置,912-一级泄压管,913-二级泄压管,914-泄压总管,921-吸附罐,9211-多孔板,9212-连接杆,930-触发单元,940-点火单元,941-排气管,942-点火器,943-阻火器,944-防雨盖,951-冷却罐,952-回流罐,960-感应单元。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。
实施例1
本申请提供一种电池组,该电池组的基本结构如图1和图2所示,该电池组包括若干方形电池1100、固定组件1200、共享管路组件1300和换热组件1400,若干方形电池1100并联连接;固定组件1200用于将 若干方形电池1100并排固定连接以形成电池组;共享管路组件1300用于将若干方形电池1100的内腔全部贯通,以使电池组中所有方形电池1100均处于一个电解液体系下;换热组件1400用于与若干方形电池1100同一侧的极柱固定连接,以用于实现电池组中所有方形电池1100与外部进行换热。本申请通过并联连接电池组内若干方形电池并通过固定组件固定形成电池组,同时设置共享管路组件1300,使电池组内所有方形电池处于同一电解液体系下,能够加强电池组内各个方形电池电解液的均一性,提高循环寿命,还能通过该共享管路组件为电池组更换或补充电解液,以延长电池组的使用寿命;换热组件的设置能够通过连接温控装置来控制电池组的温度,提高电池组的使用安全性。
如图1和图2所示,本实施例中固定组件1200的具体结构如下:包括第一组装件1201和第二组装件1202,第一组装件1201与方形电池1100的筒体侧壁固定连接,用于将并排放置的若干方形电池1100固定为一个整体;第二组装件1202位于并排放置的若干方形电池1100下方,且与方形电池1100的下盖板固定连接。在一些实施方式中,固定组件也可为固定壳体,若干方形电池并排固定设置在固定壳体内。
如图2所示,本实施例中共享管路组件1300的结构如下:包括注液管路。每个方形电池1100通过其自身的一个注液通道与注液管路连通;注液管路一端作为总注液口,另一端封闭;方形电池包括密封机构,密封机构设置于方形电池1100的注液通道处,用于对方形电池1100起密封作用,且该密封机构在遇电解液时溶解或在外力作用下形成开口,继而使得注液通道贯通,以实现注液管路和方形电池电解液腔的连通。注液管路和密封机构的设置使电池组在形成共享电解液体系前保持每个方形电池的内腔保持密封,电极组件、电解液等不接触空气,在需要注液共享时去除密封机构再统一注入电解液。
如图1所示,本实施例中换热组件1400可以采用以下两种形式:第一、换热组件为传热管,传热管可以是热管、铜管、铝管、陶瓷管等,传热管与电池组中位于同侧的极柱连接,从而将每个方壳电池极柱上集中的热量传导出去进行换热,传热管与极柱,或者传热管与外接的换热装置需要绝缘时做好绝缘处理,以保证电池组的正常运行。第二、换热组件还可直接采用水冷管,水冷管与极柱间绝缘处理,水冷管与电池组中位于同侧的极柱连接,从而将每个方壳电池极柱上集中的热量传导出去进行换热。
为了对共享管路组件以及换热组件进行更加详尽的介绍,现以组成电池组的方形电池为基础进行如下说明:
1、共享管路组件
如图3和图4所示,本实施例的方形电池由上盖板11、下盖板12、筒体13围合形成,上盖板11上设置有极柱15,下盖板12设置有汇流管14。如图5a和图5b所示,下盖板12上设置有第一通孔121,还设置有覆盖第一通孔121并沿下盖板的宽度方向延伸的汇流管14,汇流管14设置有第二通孔142,第一通孔121与第二通孔142贯通。如图5a所示,第一通孔121与第二通孔142分别为圆形孔,也可以为如图5b所示的长条形通孔。在一些实施方式中,汇流管14与下盖板12一体设计,此时第一通孔与第二通孔构成注液通道。
在一些实施方式中,汇流管设置在方形电池的筒体上,并沿下盖板的长度或宽度方向延伸。在一些实施方式中,汇流管设置在方形电池的下盖板上,并沿下盖板的长度方向延伸。在一些实施方式中,方形电池在组成不共享电解液的电池组时,汇流管14拼接形成贯通的注液管路可以作为电池组的泄爆通道,并且该泄爆通道一端设置封堵件,另一端作为烟气的出口。当任意方形电池发生热失控时,方形电池内的热失控烟气通过注液通道排放至泄爆通道,并由泄爆通道的烟气出口排放,可在烟气出口设置至烟气处理装置,将热失控烟气进行冷却和吸附处理,或者点燃处理。
在一些实施方式中,汇流管14拼接形成贯通的注液管路还可以作为电池组的电解液共享通道使用,一端设置封堵件封闭该电解液共享通道,另一端通过设置可拆卸注液机构替代可拆卸的泄爆机构143,通过该注液机构注入的电解液通过注液通道进入电池壳体内,使电池组内所有的方形电池均处于统一的电解液环境下,能够有效提高电池组内电解液的均一性。当完成电解液共享后将注液机构重新更换为泄爆机构143,在电池运行过程中,当任意方形电池发生热失控时,该注液管路仍然可以作为泄爆通道使用。
另外在使用过程中,该共享管路组件还可以用于给电池组补液、换液,当电池组使用超过一定年限,电解液将发生损耗时,将电解液抽出并更换新的电解液或直接补充新的电解液均有助于延长电池组的使用寿命。注液完成后,重新安装泄爆机构,以作排放热失控烟气使用。
如图6所示,在一些实施方式中,注液管路管包括若干汇流管14和若干连接管17;若干汇流管14分别设置在每个方形电池1100壳体上,且每个汇流管沿方形电池1100壳体的厚度方向或宽度方向铺设;相邻两个方形电池1100上汇流管14均通过一个连接管17连接。汇流管与方形电池1100壳体一体化设计并通过连接管连接的设置使方形电池的壳体加工简便,经济实用,密封效果良好。
汇流管14之间通过连接管17连接固定形成泄爆通道和/或电解液共享通道。连接管17的外形尺寸与汇流管14的外形尺寸相当,这样有助于提升汇流管14之间连接的稳定性。优选的,连接管17包括两个连接嘴171,汇流管14两端设置有连接口141,连接嘴171嵌于连接口141内密封连接;或连接管包括两个连接口,汇流管两端设置连接嘴,连接嘴嵌于连接口内密封连接。连接嘴的造型优选为微锥形,便于插入连接口中,且优选连接嘴与连接口过盈配合,连接嘴与连接口之间铆接,铆接时还可在铆接面加环氧胶等粘合剂,进一步使得密封和固定效果更好,或者连接嘴与连接口之间螺纹连接。
如图7a、图7b、图7c和图7d所示,注液通道上设置有密封膜181。该密封膜181有两种使用情况:充当泄爆膜使用,在方形电池发生热失控时,热失控烟气通过顶破或熔化密封膜181后进入汇流管14组成的泄爆通道。充当注液密封膜使用,密封膜181遇电解液时可溶解,在方壳电池形成共享电解液体系前可保持方壳电池的内腔与外部空气隔绝,并在密封膜181面向壳体内部的一侧附一层保护膜,避免电池内的电解液提前溶解密封膜181。当需要注入电解液时,电解液进入汇流管14组成的电解液共享通道内,密封膜181遇电解液溶解后,附于其上的保护膜也随之脱落,使得电解液能够进入到电池壳体内,达到电池组内各个方形电池电解液相互连通的效果。该方式避免使用其他工具,且对操作环境的要求不高,只要在电解液注入后及时密封电解液共享通道即可保证电解液、电极组件不暴露于空气中。
如图8a和图8b所示,注液通道上设置有密封片182,并在密封片182上设置牵引环1821,在组装电池组时用牵引线穿引好牵引环1821,注液前,通过拉扯穿引好所有牵引环1821的牵引线,将各个方形电池的密封片182撕开,使所有方形电池形成开口,以将电解液统一注入到所有的方形电池内,达到电池组内各个方形电池电解液相互连通的效果。该操作应在真空环境下完成,避免电池组件暴露到空气中。
2、换热组件
参见图1,本实施例中换热组件1400采用传热管,方壳电池的极柱上开设通槽,传热管装夹于极柱的凹槽中,从而将每个方壳电池极柱上集中的热量传导出去进行换热。
为了使传热效果更佳,本实施例还对极柱开设通槽的结构进行具体设计:极柱结构如图9、图10所示,本实施例中的极柱15为柱状体,柱状体包括第一端面151、第二端面152和侧壁153,第一端面151或侧壁153上至少设置有一个通槽150,以安装传热管,即通槽150的开口位于第一端面151或侧壁153上。第一端面151设置有电连接区,第二端面152用于设置导电连接座154,以与方壳电池壳体内的电极组件电连接。
如图10所示,在本实施例中极柱15固定在方形电池的上盖板11上,为了使极柱与上盖板11之间绝缘,还设置有第一绝缘件112、第二绝缘件111,第一绝缘件112置于上盖板11之上,第二绝缘件111置于上盖板11之下,极柱15依次穿过第二绝缘件111、上盖板11、第一绝缘件112后固定在上盖板11上。
如图10所示,导电连接座154在本实施例中具体为导电连接片,厚度为2-3mm,形状为矩形,也可以根据不同需求设置不同的形状。正极柱和负极柱的导电连接座选择不同的材质,例如正极柱选择为铝片,负极柱选择为铜片,,则导电连接座154与正极柱可一体成型,与负极柱则为焊接或卡接固定,具体固定方式根据极柱或导电连接片选择的材质不同而不同。亦与可在铝材制成的一体成型的极柱与导电连接片上增加一层铜片作为负极柱的导电连接片。
如图11和图12所示,为本实施例中多种结构的极柱与导电连接座连接后的结构示意图。如图12中所示的极柱a和极柱b的结构示意图,极柱的高度为h1,通槽最低处至第二端面152的距离为h2,通槽最宽 处为h3,通槽深度为h4。在不同的实施方式中,通槽150的断面呈C字形或U字形。如图11中所示的极柱a、极柱b、极柱c、极柱d、极柱n、极柱p、极柱q、极柱r的结构示意图,为断面呈C字形的通槽,通槽开口宽度小于通槽的最宽处h3,这样的设计有利于传热管过盈卡接在通槽150内,C字形通槽其两端形成的弧度具有自然张力,有利于将传热管紧密卡接在通槽内。如图11中所示的极柱e、极柱f、极柱g、极柱m的结构示意图,为断面呈U字形的通槽,通槽开口宽度略小于通槽的最宽处h3,便于放置传热管,且能够提供足够的操作空间使专用工装将传热管整平或将传热管与通槽贴合的更加紧密。
如图11中所示的极柱b、极柱d、极柱e、极柱g、极柱q的结构示意图所示,通槽150可置于极柱的第一端面151上,此时第一端面151除通槽开口处的空缺外部分或全部作为电连接区,用以连接极板。如图11所示的极柱a、极柱c、极柱f、极柱m、极柱n、极柱p的结构示意图,通槽150可置于极柱的侧壁153上,此时第一端面151全部作为电连接区,用以连接极板。如图11所示的极柱n、极柱p所示的结构示意图,当通槽150的开口位于侧壁153时,可同时在极柱侧壁上设置两个通槽,以增加传热管放置数量,提高极柱的传热效率。
电连接区的面积过小,使得极柱的载流面积变小,会提升极柱的温度,在一些实施方式中,第一端面部分作为电连接区时,为了增大电连接区的面积,将通槽150偏心设置。如图11所示的极柱r的结构示意图,通槽150将第一端面分为第一区域1511和第二区域1512,第一区域1511为电连接区,第一区域1511面积占第一端面的面积比不低于50%。这样的设计可方便电连接、有效的使电连接区面积增大,提高载流面积。需要说明的是,第一端面的面积中包含了因通槽开口而缺失的部分面积,即第一端面的面积等同于第二端面的面积。
如图11中所示的极柱a、极柱c、极柱q、极柱r的结构示意图,极柱的水平截面可为圆形、矩形或跑道形,依据不同的电池型号选择不同形状的极柱,亦可为其他不同形状,本实施例中不再穷举。
如图12为本实施例中极柱的尺寸定义示意图,极柱第二端面152靠近电极组件,因此第二端面152的距离电池内部电极组件更近,传热管的设置应尽量贴近第二端面152。为适应大部分市面上常用的方壳电池,本实施例中极柱的高度h1为20mm-25mm,通槽的最低处与极柱第二端面152之间的距离h2为7-12mm,这样的设置能够使传热管尽量贴近电池内部以进行传热。传热管的直径过小于通槽时接触不紧密,传热管的直径过大于通槽时导致传热管难以安装,因此,传热管的直径与通槽的最宽处h3的比为1:1.05-1:1.1。例如,传热管的直径为φ10,则其直径的尺寸为10mm,通槽的最宽处h3则为10.5mm-11mm,使传热管便于放置在通槽内,再行将其压紧并紧密贴合通槽,提高传热效率。
在一些实施方式中,如图12中所示的极柱b的结构示意图,通槽的深度h4小于传热管的直径,以使传热管略突出于极柱的表面,有利于将传热管压紧、整平使其与通槽紧密接触。
在一些实施方式中,通槽表面设置有绝缘层,可以涂覆绝缘材料或者贴硅胶层、橡胶层等,也可以在传热管上设置绝缘层,以使金属材质的传热管与极柱绝缘安装。
本申请通过在极柱上设置通槽,以在通槽内放置传热管,使极柱和电池内部的温度能够得到有效控制,进一步在极柱的第一端面上设置电连接区,使其能够通过该电连接区上安装极板以实现多个方形电池的串联或并联,本申请的结构简单、实用性强、易操作,能够使电池组的热量均衡,散热效果好,成本低。
以下对方壳电池使用本实施例提供的极柱开设凹槽+传热管的结构,在20±5℃,在电池充放电过程中,利用热管和TEC制冷器降温后,对其各项性能参数进行了汇总分析:
如表1所示,结合图12,标注h2的部分为凹槽最深处与第二端面的距离,放置传热管后,利用测温仪对电池和极柱的温度进行了测试,发现随着h2数值的改变,电池的极柱和壳体温度发生了相应的变化。当h2小于7mm时,极柱与上盖组件装配完成后,安装传热管的空间不足故不予考虑,而h2大于等于13mm时,极柱的温度虽然与未使用本实施例的极柱时相比所有下降,但电池自身的温度不再持续降低。随着h2的数值增加,在7-12mm的区间内,极柱的温度不高于34℃,电池壳体表面上测量的温度也在36℃左右,整体温度控制相比与市面常规方形电池极柱的电池而言,极柱温度最少降低了19.2%,电池壳体表面温 度最少降低了4.7%,有效降低了电池整体的温度,显著降低了极柱的温度,安全性能得到了较大提升。
表1不同尺寸通槽下电池极柱和电池壳体表面温度
如表2所示,结合图13,通槽的长度h5与盖板的宽度h6之比对于电池极柱的温度有较大影响,当h2固定为7mm时,传热管与极柱的贴合面积越大,传热和散热效果越好,但最长不可超过盖板的宽度。在测试了不同长度的通槽在电池1C充放时极柱的温度后,对比市面常规方形电池的极柱,可知极柱表面温度最少降低了20.2%,本申请中的极柱温度显著降低,安全性能得到了较大提升,通槽的长度h5与盖板的宽度h6之比优选0.7:1到0.9:1,降温效果好且节能环保。
表2不同尺寸通槽下电池极柱表面温度
本实施例的方壳电池还存在以下优化设计:
如图3和图4所示,为了确保便于方形电池与固定组件连接,下盖板12沿其宽度方向还设置有第一电池安装座131,用于和第二组装件1202连接;筒体侧壁沿其高度方向还设置有第二电池安装座132,用于和第一组装件1201连接。筒体13外表面设置有沿其高度方向延伸的若干散热槽133,便于为电池壳体散热。筒体13上还设置有沿其高度方向延伸的若干加强筋134,以提升筒体的抗压强度。下盖板12与汇流管14为一体成型的铝挤压件。筒体13也是铝挤压件,上盖板11、下盖板12与筒体13激光焊接固定,该固定方式经济、便捷、效果好。
在本实施例中,如图1和图2所示,电池组还设置有将相邻两个电池组进行串接的电连接件19。
实施例2
储能设备是将多个电池组存放置在集装箱或机柜内,进行削峰填谷、调频等功能的新能源设备,具有易安装,易运输,模块化等优点。储能设备中的电池组遇到高温时易发生电解液损耗影响电池组寿命,高温还能导致热失控现象,引发安全问题。现有的储能设备的温度控制是通过通风或空调系统来实现的。现有技术方案采取空调系统的控温的方式,是对储能机柜中的环境温度进行了控制,即对各电池组外部环境进行了调控,实现了一定程度上的温度控制。但是,在电池组使用过程发现,各个单体电池温度仍然很难控制,即便外设了空调设备,当电池组中某一单体电池温度始终居高不下时,该单体电池可能会出现热失控现象,存在较大的安全隐患,由此可见,现有通过空调系统对储能系统进行温度控制的效果不理想。如何提升储能设备的温控效果和安全性,是亟需解决的问题。
如图14和图15a所示,为解决储能设备的温控效果不理想的问题,本申请提供了一种储能设备,包括箱体1000、固定架1001、温控装置500、BMS系统以及和若干个电池组200。其中,固定架1001设置于箱体1000内,固定架1001内设置有若干用于固定电池组200的固定座1002,多个电池组200固定在固定座1002上后依次串联连接;图14中的箱体内并未满仓放置电池组200,实际使用中应根据充放电需求调整电池组200的摆放数量。
如图15b所示,箱体1000的外部设置有集成柜1010,集成柜1010设置有柜门1011。集成柜1010内安装温控装置,用于通过换热组件对电池组进行降温,或者通过换热组件对电池组进行升温;集成柜的设置是为了使储能设备的结构更加紧凑,同时将温控装置放置在集成柜可以对温控装置进行保护。一些情况下,也可将温控装置直接设置在箱体外部,而无需额外设置集成柜。
本实施例中的BMS系统(Battery Management System)包括BMS主机以及与电池组200数量相同的BMS从机601,BMS主机可设置在集成柜1010内,也可设置在远离储能设备的位置,BMS从机601分别设置在电池组200上,以采集电池组200的参数并上传至BMS主机,BMS主机分别与所有BMS从机通讯连接,以向 BMS从机发送控制指令。如图16c所示,BMS从机601通过从机安装座602固定在电池组200上。
如图16a至图16d所示,电池组200可采用实施例1中的电池组。电池组200由若干并联连接的方形电池300排列组成,电池组200设置有固定组件201,以将方形电池300并排连接固定以形成电池组200,固定组件201包括第一组装件201a和第二组装件201b,第一组装件201a与方形电池的筒体侧壁固定连接,用于将并排放置的若干方形电池固定为一个整体;第二组装件201b位于并排放置的若干方形电池下方,且与方形电池的下盖板固定连接;电池组200还设置有换热组件,以用于实现电池组与温控装置之间的热交换。
本申请中,由于储能设备的能量源采用多个电池组,同时一个电池组又由多个方形电池组成,因此,电池组之间的串联结构和电池组内所有方形电池的并联方式是储能设备能够正常运行的关键。在本实施例中,电池组之间通过两个电连接件实现串接,同时该电连接件还可实现电池组内所有方形电池的并联,简化了电池组的电路连接结构。
如图16a和图16c所示,每个电池组上设置有两个电连接件700;其中一个电连接件700与该电池组200上所有方形电池300的所有正极柱31a电连接,另一个电连接件700与该电池组200上所有方形电池300的所有负极柱31b连接;通过两个电连接件,可将同一电池组200上所有方形电池的正极统一连接、负极统一连接,实现了电池组200中所有方形电池300之间的并联连接。一个电池组200上与正极柱31a连接的电连接件700和与之相邻的另一个电池组200上与负极柱31b连接的电连接件700连接,以使相邻两个电池组200之间串联连接。通过该电连接件,可将同一电池组上所有方形电池的正极统一连接、负极统一连接,实现了电池组中所有方形电池之间的并联连接。
上述的电连接件700可以设置为一字形的平板结构,但是不方便相邻两个电池组200之间串联连接,且平板结构的电连接件强度和刚度也不理想,因此本实施例中,采用了如图17所示结构形式的电连接件:
如图17所示,电连接件700包括第一连接部701和第二连接部702,结合图16c,第一连接部701与电池组200上所有正极柱31a电连接,第二连接部702与相邻的另一电池组200上设置的电连接件700的第二连接部702电连接,另一电池组200上设置的电连接件700的第一连接部701与该电池组200上所有负极柱31b电连接,以使相邻电池组串联连接。或,第一连接部701与电池组200上所有负极柱31b电连接,第二连接部702与相邻的另一电池组200上设置的电连接件700的第二连接部702电连接,另一电池组200上设置的电连接件700的第一连接部701与该电池组200上所有正极柱31a电连接,以使相邻电池组串联连接。第一连接部701和第二连接部702的设置进一步细化了电连接件700的功能区域,第一连接部701用于并联同一电池组200内所有方形电池300,第二连接部702实现了多个电池组200之间的串联,简化了电池组200之间的连接结构,加大了电池组200之间电连接所需的过流面积,避免了在电池组200之间设置额外的连接装置,结构简单,效果好。
见图17,在一些实施例中,电连接件700上还设置有缓冲槽703;缓冲槽703沿第一连接部701的长度方向设置在第一连接部701靠近第二连接部702的一侧。在电池组200摆放位置存在误差,无法实现相邻电池组200串联时,可以通过微调缓冲槽703补偿上述位置误差,避免重复搬动电池组,并且可以在搬运过程中为颠簸或轻微的位移提供缓冲空间。缓冲槽703采用折弯或冲压工艺成型,缓冲槽的断面呈U字形或弧形。折弯或冲压工艺成本低廉、技术简单、使用效果好。
在一些实施方式中,为了紧密连接两个电连接件700,在第二连接部上设置若干连接孔704,通过在连接孔704中插入螺栓将其固定连接,提高相邻电池组200之间的导电连接的紧密性,同时加固电池组的串联组装。
除了本实施例中通过两个电连接件700既能实现电池组200之间的串联又能实现电池组200内所有方形电池300的并联以外,在一些实施例中,可以将电池组200之间的串联和电池组200内所有方形电池300的并联采用两个相互独立的连接方式实现,例如:电池组200之间的串联可通过铜线缆或铜排或铝排实现;所有方形电池300的并联可以通过两个汇流排分别将所有方形电池300的正极、负极相连的方式实现。但是这种方式会导致电路连接繁琐、复杂。
在本实施例中,电池组200与温控装置是通过换热组件实现热量交换,基本原理是:通过将电池组200中各方形电池300的热量从其自身的正负极柱上通过换热组件传递至温控装置进行散热,实现对电池组200的降温,或者是将温控装置的高温通过换热组件传递至电池组200中的方形电池300进行加热,实现对电池组200的升温。因此绝缘性、换热效果以及换热能力是设计换热组件和温控装置时首要考虑的因素。
本实施例中给出的换热组件包括一级换热管804、二级换热管510以及绝缘换热件;一级换热管804第一部分与电池组200上所有正极柱31a或负极柱31b连接,一级换热管804的第二部分通过绝缘换热件与二级换热管510第一部分绝缘换热,二级换热管510的第二部分与温控装置连接。
为了确保一级换热的效果,一级换热管804采用热管。热管是蒸发-冷凝型的换热设备,靠工质在管内的状态变化实现热量的传输。二级换热管510采用液冷管。其中,液冷介质为水或者其他价格比较低廉、且导热效果好的液态介质。
如图16c所示,在本实施例中,一级换热管804优选为四根热管,其中,两根热管连接电池组内所有方形电池的正极柱31a,另两根热管连接电池组内所有方形电池的负极柱31b,起到为电池组200内所有方形电池300均热的效果。
在其他一些实施方式中,一级换热管804为两根热管,其中一根与所有方形电池的正极柱31a连接,另一根与所有方形电池的负极柱31b连接,起到为电池组200内所有方形电池300均热的效果。
为了进一步提升一级换热效果以及安装可靠性,本实施例中一级换热管804的第二部分与极柱采用卡接的方式固定,因此,方形电池的正、负极柱上开设有通槽310。
以下就本实施例中电池组200使用的方形电池300,对设置有通槽310的极柱结构进行详细说明。
如图19所示,本实施例中的极柱31优选设置在方形电池300的上盖板32上。极柱31为柱状体,柱状体包括第一端面311、第二端面312和侧壁313,第一端面311或侧壁313上至少设置有一个通槽310,以安装一级换热管804,即通槽310的开口位于第一端面311或侧壁313上。第一端面311设置有电连接区用于和所述电连接件700连接,第二端面312用于设置导电连接座314,以与电池壳体内的电极组件电连接。
如图20所示,导电连接座314在本实施例中具体为导电连接片,厚度为2-3mm,形状为矩形,也可以根据不同需求设置不同的形状。正极柱31a和负极柱31b的导电连接座选择不同的材质,例如正极柱选择为铝片,负极柱选择为铜片,如果极柱选择铝材,则导电连接座314与正极柱可一体成型,与负极柱则为焊接或卡接固定,具体固定方式根据极柱或导电连接片选择的材质不同而不同。亦可在铝材制成的一体成型的极柱与导电连接片上增加一层铜片作为负极柱的导电连接片。
如图20所示,为本实施例中不同形式的极柱31与导电连接座314连接后的结构示意图。在不同的实施方式中,通槽310的断面呈C字形或U字形,断面呈C字形的通槽,其开口宽度小于通槽的最宽处,这样的设计有利于一级换热管804过盈卡接在通槽310内,C字形通槽其两端形成的弧度具有自然张力,有利于将一级换热管紧密卡接在通槽内;断面呈U字形的通槽,其开口宽度略小于通槽的最宽处,便于放置一级换热管804,且能够提供足够的操作空间使专用工装将一级换热管804整平或将一级换热管804与通槽310贴合的更加紧密。
在一些实施方式中,通槽310可置于极柱的第一端面311上,此时第一端面311除通槽开口处的空缺外全部作为电连接区,用以连接电连接件700。通槽310也可置于极柱的侧壁313上,此时第一端面311全部作为电连接区,用以连接电连接件700。当通槽310的开口位于侧壁313时,可同时在极柱侧壁上设置两个通槽,以增加一级换热管放置数量,提高极柱的传热效率。
电连接区的面积过小,使得极柱的载流面积变小,会提升极柱的温度,在一些实施方式中,为了增大电连接区的面积,将通槽310偏心设置,通槽310将第一端面分为第一区域和第二区域,第一区域为电连接区,第一区域面积占第一端面的面积比不低于50%。这样的设计可有效的使电连接区面积增大,提高载流面积。需要说明的是,第一端面的面积中包含了因通槽开口而缺失的部分面积,即第一端面的面积等同于第二端面的面积。
带有通槽310的极柱其水平截面可为圆形、矩形或跑道形,依据不同的电池型号选择不同形状的极柱,亦可为其他不同形状,本实施例中不再穷举。
本实施例中,极柱的第二端面312靠近电极组件,因此第二端面312距离电池内部电极组件更近,一级换热管的设置应尽量贴近第二端面312。为适应大部分市面上常用的方形电池,本实施例中极柱的高度为20mm-25mm,通槽的最低处与极柱第二端面312之间的距离为7-12mm,这样的设置能够使一级换热管尽量贴近电池内部以进行传热。一级换热管的直径过小于通槽时接触不紧密,一级换热管的直径过大于通槽时导致一级换热管难以安装,因此,一级换热管的直径与通槽的最宽处的比为1:1.05-1:1.1。例如,一级换热管的直径为φ10,则其直径的尺寸为10mm,通槽的最宽处则为10.5mm-11mm,使一级换热管便于放置在通槽内,再行将其压紧并紧密贴合通槽,提高传热效率。在一些实施方式中,通槽的深度小于一级换热管的直径,以使一级换热管略突出于极柱的表面,有利于将一级换热管压紧、整平使其与通槽紧密接触。
通过在极柱上设置通槽,并在通槽内放置一级换热管,使极柱的温度能够得到有效控制,进一步在极柱的第一端面上设置电连接区,使其能够通过该电连接区安装电连接件700,以实现多个方形电池的并联,结构简单、实用性强、易操作,能够使电池组的热量均衡,散热效果好,成本低。
如图21所示,极柱31固定在上盖板32上,为了使极柱31与上盖板32之间绝缘,还设置有第一绝缘件321、第二绝缘件322,第一绝缘件321置于上盖板32之上,第二绝缘件322置于上盖板32之下,极柱31依次穿过第二绝缘件322、上盖板32、第一绝缘件321后固定在上盖板32上。
如图22a、图22b和图22c所示,本实施例中使用的绝缘换热件结构,以及与一级换热管、二级换热管510具体连接关系如下所述:
绝缘换热件800通过绝缘换热件固定座801固定在电池组200两边的第一组装件201a上。本实施例中,电池组200两端各设置有两根一级换热管804和两根二级换热管510,因此绝缘换热件800包括两个导热槽和两个换热槽,导热槽的数量与一级换热管804的数量相同,换热槽的数量与二级换热管510的数量相同。导热槽和换热槽之间设置有第一绝缘导热片806。
如图22b所示,两个导热槽平行设置,分别固定两根一级换热管804的第一部分,以使两根一级换热管804绝缘导热。导热槽由设置凹槽的第一安装件802、两个第二安装件803扣合形成,第一安装件802两端设置有通孔,一级换热管的第一部分通过该通孔后进入导热槽,并在导热槽内尽量贴紧第一安装件802、第二安装件803,且导热槽的长度尽量接近第一安装件802、第二安装件803的长度,以提高热交换效率,接触面间还可以加导热胶等进一步提高导热效率。
为了系统中各电池组热量均匀,两根二级换热管510中一根为进水管,另一根为出水管,因此设置平行的两个通槽作为换热槽,以固定两根二级换热管510。
换热槽为设置凹槽的第三安装件807、第四安装件808扣合形成。第三安装件807贴合第一绝缘导热片806设置。第三安装件807、第四安装件808的形状为矩形,亦可为椭圆形、圆形或梯形,且安装表面不要求为平面,亦可为曲面,只要可将二级换热管510固定即可。换热槽设置在第三安装件807和第四安装件808拼合后的中缝上,换热槽应尽量贴合二级换热管510,亦可在贴合面上加导热胶,以充分的将二级换热管510的热量传导到第三安装件807上,或使第一绝缘导热片806的热量进一步传导到第三安装件807上,再由第三安装件807将热量传导至二级换热管510,由二级换热管510连接的外部热处理装置对热量进行处理。储能设备内多个电池组使用一组或多组二级换热管510,同一层或同一列内的电池组可使用同一组二级换热管510。
在一些实施例中,第二安装件803、第一绝缘导热片806、第三安装件807可以合并为如图22c所示的第二绝缘导热片809,该第二绝缘导热片809设置的两面凹槽,一面可与第一安装件802的凹槽拼合后放置一级热管,另一面可与第四安装件808拼合后放置二级换热管510。该第二绝缘导热片809可节省装配程序,且其能够进一步提高绝缘换热件800的换热效率。
在一些实施方式中,第一安装件802、第二安装件803、第三安装件807和第四安装件808有多种不同 的拼接和安装固定方式,例如:
第一绝缘导热片806被第二安装件803和第三安装件807夹紧;且第二安装件803嵌入第一安装件802内扣合,第三安装件807嵌入第四安装件808内扣合,第一安装件802和第四安装件808设置有固定孔,以使固定螺栓依次贯穿第四安装件808、第一安装件802上的固定孔后与绝缘换热件固定座801固定连接;或,第二安装件803嵌入第一安装件802内扣合,第一安装件802、第三安装件807和第四安装件808均设置有固定孔,以使固定螺栓依次贯穿第四安装件808、第三安装件807和第一安装件802的固定孔后与绝缘换热件固定座801固定连接;或,第二安装件803嵌入第一安装件802内扣合,第一安装件802和第三安装件807均设置有一组第一固定孔,第一安装件802、第三安装件807和第四安装件808均设置有一组第二固定孔,由一组第一固定螺栓通过第一固定孔将第三安装件807和第一安装件802与电池壳体固定连接后,由另一组第二固定螺栓依次贯穿第四安装件808、第三安装件807和第一安装件802上的第二固定孔后与电池壳体固定连接。这样的设置,可以使电池组200上的第四安装件808便于独立拆卸。
第一安装件802、第二安装件803、第三安装件807和第四安装件808的形状为矩形,亦可为椭圆形、圆形或梯形,且安装表面不要求为平面,也可为曲面,只要可将传热管固定在电池壳体上且保证良好的传热即可。第一安装件802、第二安装件803、第三安装件807和第四安装件808的凹槽为半圆形凹槽或弓形凹槽,均应压紧槽内的管体。第一绝缘导热片806为硅胶导热膜、氧化铝陶瓷板、氮化硅陶瓷板、氧化锆陶瓷板、碳化硅陶瓷板、氧化镁陶瓷板、氮化硼陶瓷板、氮化铝陶瓷板、氧化铍陶瓷中的一种;第一安装件802为绝缘安装件,无论电池壳体为金属材质还是绝缘材质均可应用,第二安装件803为金属安装件,有利于导热和导电,第三安装件807为金属安装件,有利于导热;第四安装件808为金属安装件或绝缘安装件,其材质本身对于导热及绝缘无明确需求。金属安装件优选为铝合金安装件。
除了本实施例给出的一级换热管804、二级换热管510以及绝缘换热件采用两级换热机理的换热组件外,在一些其它实施例中还可采用一级换热机理的换热组件。该换热组件的具体结构为:
换热组件仅包括一级换热管804,电池组200与温控装置500仅通过该一级换热管804直接实现热交换。该一级换热管804可选择液冷管、热管。
但是由于液冷管的管材选自绝缘塑料管,其绝缘性虽较好但热交换效率差,液冷管的管材使用金属管时,换热性能虽有所提升,但是绝缘效果又难以保证,采用液冷管还存在密封较差时可能因液冷介质泄露而造成安全隐患。
基于上述问题,一级换热管804还可选择热管;热管换热效果较优,但是由于在本申请中热管需要和方形电池300的正、负极柱连接,由于热管的管材通常为金属铜,所以还需要考虑绝缘问题,解决绝缘问题的措施是:热管与方形电池300的正、负极柱之间设置绝缘膜,或者热管与温控装置500连接的位置做绝缘设置。
热管作为一级换热管804时,其换热效率虽然较高,但是热管自身的长度有限,使用的场景比较有限,同时能与热管匹配,且具有升降温能力的温控装置为TEC,TEC本身的的制冷和制热的能力有限,因此基于热管自身长度受限,以及TEC特性,因此该换热组件只适合于储能设备中电池组比较少的情况。
本实施例中,由于换热组件采用了两级换热的方式,且二级换热管510为液冷管,因此本实施例中采用如下所述的温控装置,其基本结构原理为:包括冷暖机、散热器、循环泵和控制阀组件;冷暖机用于对二级换热管510内的介质进行主动增温或主动降温,冷暖机的进液口与二级换热管510的出口通过第一管路连接,冷暖机的出液口与二级换热管510的进口通过第二管路连接;散热器与第一管路或第二管路连接,用于对二级换热管510内的介质进行被动降温;循环泵设置在第一管路或第二管路上,用于对二级换热管510内介质的流动提供动力;控制阀组件设置在第一管路或第二管路上,控制阀组件用于控制冷暖机和散热器连通,实现介质的被动降温;或者,控制阀组件控制冷暖机和散热器断开,介质仅流入冷暖机内实现主动增温或主动降温。
基于上述的温控装置的基本结构框架,可以设计出多种具有不同具体结构的温控装置500,例如:
如图23a所示,为基于温控装置的基本结构原理设计的第一种实施方式。具体的,温控装置包括冷 暖机520、散热器530、循环泵540和控制阀组件;二级换热管510用于与箱体1000内的电池组200进行热量交换;冷暖机520用于对二级换热管510内的介质进行主动增温或主动降温,冷暖机520的进液口521与二级换热管510的出口511通过第一管路581连接,冷暖机520的出液口522与二级换热管510的进口512通过第二管路582连接;散热器530并联在第一管路581上,用于对二级换热管510内的介质进行被动降温,具体连接时,散热器530的进口通过第三管路583与第一管路581连通,出口通过第四管路584与第一管路581连通;循环泵540设置在第二管路582上,用于对介质的流动提供动力。控制阀组件用于控制冷暖机520和散热器530连通,实现介质的被动降温;或者,控制阀组件控制冷暖机520和散热器530断开,介质仅流入冷暖机520内实现主动增温或主动降温。
上述温控装置500中,二级换热管510、第一管路581和第二管路582可通过一根管路构成,即二级换热管510、第一管路581和第二管路582为一体式管路,该种结构形式使得管路接头较少,系统安装和拆卸比较简单和便捷。上述温控装置500中,控制阀组件具体可采用不同控制方式或结构的阀门,只要能够控制介质的通断即可,例如,具体可采用气动阀、电动阀、液动阀等,为方便控制,优选采用电动阀,电动阀便于控制,且操作方便,也便于现场的安装。在本实施例中,控制阀组件具体包括第一电动阀563和第二电动阀564,第一电动阀563设置在散热器530的出口处,即设置在第四管路584上,第二电动阀564设置在第一管路581上,且位于第三管路583的进口之后,第一电动阀563和第二电动阀564通过电池的BMS系统控制,BMS系统根据采集的电池温度控制第一电动阀563和第二电动阀564的工作状态。
上述温控装置500的工作原理是:当电池组200温度过高时,第一电动阀563打开,第二电动阀564关闭,二级换热管510中的介质与电池组200进行热量交换,随后,二级换热管510中的介质通过第一管路581进入散热器530,散热器530对介质中的热量进行处理,随后,冷却后的介质进入冷暖机520通过循环泵540进行循环,此时,冷暖机520不工作,冷却后的介质通过第二管路582返回至箱体1000内的二级换热管510内,与电池组200进行热量交换,从而通过散热器530实现被动冷却。
当电池组200温度过高超过阈值时,第一电动阀563关闭,第二电动阀564打开,二级换热管510与电池组200进行热交换,随后,二级换热管510中的介质通过第一管路581进入冷暖机520,此时,冷暖机520工作,并通过循环泵540进行循环,对介质进行冷却,随后,冷却后的介质通过第二管路582返回至箱体1000内的二级换热管510内,与电池组200进行热量交换,从而通过冷暖机520实现主动冷却。
当电池组200温度过低时,第一电动阀563关闭,第二电动阀564打开,冷暖机520工作,并通过循环泵540进行循环,对介质进行增温,随后,增温后的介质通过第二管路582返回至箱体1000内的二级换热管510内,与电池组200进行热量交换,从而通过冷暖机520实现主动增温。
本申请系统通过冷暖机520和散热器530对电池组200进行组合式主动散热、主动增温和被动散热,该种方式既能够保证电池组200的热量能够得到有效释放,同时温控成本较小,能够有效节约能源,避免了只采用主动冷却时浪费能源,还避免了只采用被动冷却时电池组200温度不能得到及时控制的缺陷。
在上述温控装置的基础上,还可以设置电气控制箱570,该电气控制箱570采用常规的电气控制柜即可,该电气控制箱570分别与冷暖机520、循环泵540和控制阀组件连接,该电气控制箱570可及时对冷暖机520、循环泵540和控制阀组件的工作状态进行控制,避免BMS主机或BMS从机控制冷暖机520、循环泵540和控制阀组件时产生的控制延迟,同时,该电气控制箱570可在现场对冷暖机520、循环泵540和控制阀组件进行操作,具有操作便捷性。
如图23b所示,为基于温控装置的基本结构原理设计的第二种实施方式。具体的,温控装置500包括二级换热管510(图23b中为示出)、冷暖机520、散热器530、循环泵540、控制阀组件和电气控制箱570;二级换热管510用于与箱体1000内的电池组200进行热量交换;冷暖机520用于对二级换热管510内的介质进行主动增温或主动降温,冷暖机520的进液口521与二级换热管510的出口511通过第一管路581连接,冷暖机520的出液口522与二级换热管510的进口512通过第二管路582连接;散热器530并联在第二管路582上,用于对二级换热管510内的介质进行被动降温,具体连接时,散热器530的进口通过第三管路583与第二管路582连通,出口通过第四管路584与第二管路582连通;循环泵540设置在第一管路581上,用 于对介质的流动提供动力,在其他实施例中,循环泵540也可设置在第二管路582上,只要能够对介质的流动提供动力即可。上述电气控制箱570分别与冷暖机520、循环泵540和控制阀组件连接,用于分别控制冷暖机520、循环泵540和控制阀组件的工作状态。散热器530的外侧还设置有风机531,风机531对散热器530内的介质进行散热。
二级换热管510的进口512和出口511均设置在箱体1000外,在箱体1000外与第一管路581和第二管路582实现连接。箱体1000内的二级换热管510为单路循环管路,单路循环管路与箱体1000内的多个电池组200进行热交换,该种方式使得箱体内的温控部分结构简单,箱体内无复杂的温控结构,使得箱体内器件的布局更加简单和方便。同时,该电池温控装置中除二级换热管510设置在箱体内,其余部件均设置在电池组200外,具有结构简单,成本较低,不占用空间等特点。
上述温控装置中,控制阀组件用于控制冷暖机520和散热器530连通,实现介质的被动降温,或者,控制阀组件控制冷暖机520和散热器530断开,介质仅流入冷暖机520内实现主动增温或主动降温。具体的,将第一电动阀563设置在第三管路583上散热器530的进口处,将第二电动阀564设置在第二管路582上,当电池组200温度过高时,第一电动阀563打开,第二电动阀564关闭,二级换热管510中的介质与电池组200进行热量交换,随后,二级换热管510中的介质通过第一管路581进入冷暖机520,此时,冷暖机520不工作,通过循环泵540进行循环,随后,未冷却的介质进入散热器530,散热器530对介质中的热量进行处理,冷却后的介质通过第二管路582返回至箱体1000内的二级换热管510内,与电池组200进行热量交换,从而通过散热器530实现被动冷却。
当电池组200温度过高超过阈值时,第一电动阀563关闭,第二电动阀564打开,二级换热管510与电池组200进行热交换,随后,二级换热管510中的介质通过第一管路581进入冷暖机520,此时,冷暖机520工作,对介质进行冷却,通过循环泵540进行循环,随后,冷却后的介质通过第二管路582返回至箱体1000内的二级换热管510内。当电池组200温度过低时,第一电动阀563关闭,第二电动阀564打开,冷暖机520工作,对介质进行增温,通过循环泵540进行循环,随后,增温后的介质通过第二管路582返回至箱体1000内的二级换热管510内,与电池组200进行热量交换,从而通过冷暖机520实现主动增温。
如图23c所示,为基于温控装置的基本结构原理设计的第三种实施方式。与上述两种温控装置的不同之处在于,控制阀组件中的第一电动阀和第二电动阀替换为三通电动阀562,三通电动阀562的第一端口与冷暖机520的进液口521连通,第二端口与第一管路581的连通,第三端口与散热器530的出口连通,即与第四管路584连通,采用三通电动阀控制时,只需单个器件即可实现控制,结构简单,安装方便。
控制阀更换为三通电动阀562的原理是:当电池组200温度过高时,三通电动阀562的第一端口和第三端口连通,第二端口关闭,二级换热管510内的介质与电池组200进行热交换,随后,二级换热管510中的介质随后通过第一管路581、第三管路583进入散热器530,散热器530对介质中的热量进行处理,随后,冷却后的介质进入冷暖机520通过循环泵540进行循环,此时,冷暖机520不工作,只保证介质的通过,随后,冷却后的介质通过第二管路582返回至箱体1000内的二级换热管510内,与电池组200进行热量交换,从而通过散热器530实现被动冷却。
当电池组200温度过高超过阈值时,三通电动阀的第一端口和第二端口连通,第三端口关闭,二级换热管510与电池组200进行热量交换,随后,二级换热管510中的介质通过第一管路581进入冷暖机520,此时,冷暖机520工作,对介质进行冷却,通过循环泵540进行循环,随后,冷却后的介质通过第二管路582返回至箱体1000内的二级换热管510内,与电池组200进行热量交换,从而通过冷暖机520实现主动冷却。
当电池组200温度过低时,三通电动阀562的第一端口和第二端口连通,第三端口关闭,冷暖机520工作,对二级换热管510内的介质进行增温,通过循环泵540进行循环,随后,增温后的介质通过第二管路582返回至箱体1000内的二级换热管510内,与电池组200进行热量交换,从而通过冷暖机520实现主动增温。本申请系统通过冷暖机520和散热器530对电池组200进行组合式主动散热、主动增温和被动散热,该种方式既能够保证电池组200的热量能够得到有效处理,同时温控成本较小,避免了只采用主动冷却 时浪费能源,还避免了只采用被动冷却时电池组200温度不能得到及时控制的缺陷。
在上述温控装置中,二级换热管510的进口512和出口511均设置在箱体1000外,在箱体1000外与第一管路581和第二管路582实现连接,将二级换热管510的进口和出口均设置在箱体1000外,使得二级换热管510与第一管路581、第二管路582的安装连接和拆卸更加方便,同时,该种方式避免了在箱体内设置管路连接头,进而避免了箱体内介质泄露对电池产生的影响。箱体1000内的二级换热管510为单路循环管路,单路循环管路与箱体1000内的多个电池组200进行热交换。单路循环管路可使得二级换热管510在箱体完全没有泄露点,介质循环时密封性很好,进一步避免了介质泄露对箱体内的电池产生的影响。
在上述温控装置中,散热器530的外侧还设置有风机531,风机531对散热器530内的介质进一步散热。电池组200在充放电过程中能够产生大量的热,为了能够把热量散掉,尽可能利用环境温度,所以设置风机531,这样即使在气温为40℃的高温情况下,也能够保证电池组200的温度在50℃以下。电池组200温度的控制,其主要是能耗问题,采用空调等制冷设备,能耗很高,所以尽可能利用环境温度对电池组200的温度进行控制。本申请方案在气温非极端情况下采用散热器530利用环境温度为电池组200降温,在极端情况下温度过高或者过低的时候,才启动冷暖机520进行加热或制冷,这样能够最大化利用环境温度,减少了温控能耗。
如图23d和图23e所示,为基于温控装置的基本结构原理设计的第四种实施方式。该温控装置中冷暖机520的进液口521与二级换热管510的出口511通过第一管段551连接,冷暖机520的出液口522与第二管段552连接,第二管段552上设置有循环泵540,用于对循环介质的流动提供动力,循环泵540还设置为与第三管段553连接,第三管段553与散热器530的进水口通过第四管段554连接,第三管段553与散热器530的出水口通过第五管段555连接,第三管段553与第四管段554的连接端设置有第一控制阀561,第一控制阀561可以在第一状态下打开第三管段553和第四管段554之间的通道,同时关闭第三管段553与第六管段556之间的通道,在第二状态下关闭第三管段553与第四管段554之间的通道,打开第三管段553与第六管段556之间的通道;第三管段553还与第六管段556连接,第六管段556与二级换热管510的进口512连接;第五管段555与第六管段556连接。散热器530和循环泵540也可以设置在第一管段551或第二管段552上,同样可以达到为循环介质提供动力的功能,此时第三管段553直接与第一管段551连接,以使第三管段553与散热器530连接。
该温控装置的工作原理是:当电池组200的温度超过第一阈值时,第一控制阀561进入第一状态,关闭第三管段553与第六管段556之间的通道,并打开第三管段553与第四管段554之间的通道,冷暖机520内的介质通过出液口522向第二管段552输入冷却介质,因为第一控制阀561在第一状态下关闭了第三管段553和第六管段556之间的通道,冷却介质经由循环泵540增压后通过第三管段553和第四管段554进入散热器530,散热器530内部设置了s形铺设或u形铺设的管路,冷却介质在经过该管路的过程中消耗并发散自身热量,散热完成的冷却介质再经由第五管段555输送至第六管段556,并从第六管段556进入二级换热管510,冷却介质通过二级换热管510、绝缘换热件以及一级换热管后与电池组200进行热量交换,再通过第一管段551进入冷暖机520,并不断循环重复上述流程从而实现电池组200的被动降温。在电池组200的温度不超过第一阈值时,冷却介质仅通过冷暖机内的管路,但是冷暖机不对冷却介质进行主动降温。第一阈值通常为30-40℃,可结合地理、环境、个别需求进行调整。
当电池组200的温度超过第二阈值或被动降温的时长超过第三阈值时,或同时超过了第二阈值和第三阈值时,第一控制阀561进入第二状态,第三管段553与第四管段554之间的通道被关闭,同时第三管段553与第六管段556之间的通道被打开,冷暖机520启动,对冷暖机内的冷却介质进行主动降温,再将冷却介质通过出液口522向第二管段552输送,因为第三管段553与第四管段554之间的通道被关闭,冷却介质经由循环泵540增压后直接通过第三管段553进入第六管段556,再由第六管段556输送至二级换热管510内,冷却介质通过二级换热管510、绝缘换热件以及一级换热管后与电池组200进行热量交换,随后二级换热管510中的冷却介质再循环至第一管段551进入冷暖机520进行冷却,此时,冷暖机520工作,并通过循环泵540进行循环,对介质进行冷却,随后,冷却后的介质通过第二管段552返回至箱体1000内的 二级换热管510内,并不断循环重复上述流程从而实现电池组200的主动降温。当环境温度低于第四阈值时,电池组200需要升温,则由冷暖机520对二级换热管中的介质进行加热升温,并重复上述流程,以对多个电池组200实现主动增温。第二阈值通常为40-50℃,第三阈值为20-60分钟,第四阈值为5-15℃,可结合地理、环境、个别需求进行调整。
在一些实施方式中,第三管段553上还设置有膨胀罐580,膨胀罐580的设置起到平衡管道压力的效果,避免出现管道内压力过大,将各管道和控制阀冲坏。第六管段556还设置第七管段557,第七管段557与冷却罐951(用于冷却热失控烟气)的进液口连接,第一管段551还设置有第八管段558,与冷却罐951的出液口连接,第七管段557上设置有第二控制阀565,第七管段557与烟气控制装置中的冷却罐951连接,当需要开启冷却罐951,第二控制阀565打开第七管段557的通道,使冷却介质进入冷却罐951,冷却罐951内的冷却介质通过第八管段558输入到冷暖机520内。冷却罐951仅在电池组发生热失控时使用,因此第七管段557正常情况下处于关闭状态,发生热失控时则由BMS发送指令打开第二控制阀565,因此优选第二控制阀565为电磁阀、电动阀等,但是其他能够实现打开管路通道功能的控制阀亦可用于本实施例,例如气动阀、电动阀、液动阀等。
在一些实施方式中,二级换热管510、第一管段551和第二管段552可通过一根管路构成,即二级换热管510、第一管段551和第二管段552为一体式管路,该种结构形式使得管路接头较少,系统安装和拆卸比较简单和便捷。
在一些实施方式中,散热器530的外侧还设置有风机531,利用风机531辅助散热器530对冷却介质进一步散热。本实施例采取了利用环境温度对储能设备进行被动冷却降温和利用冷暖机对储能设备进行主动冷却降温的方法,在电池组200的温度超过第一阈值时,启动被动降温,温度超过第二阈值或被动降温时长超过第三阈值时启动主动降温,温度低于第四阈值时启动主动升温,这样有梯度的温度管理控制,相比传统的空调制冷制热,能够最大程度的利用环境温度,降低能耗,且本实施例的温控装置与各个电池组都逐一进行热交换,也不存在空调降温时会发生的温度扩散不均匀的情况,能够降低成本、节约能源。
在一些实施方式中,温控装置还包括电气控制箱570,电气控制箱570分别与冷暖机520、循环泵540和控制阀组件连接,电气控制箱570可及时控制冷暖机520、循环泵540和控制阀组件的工作状态,避免BMS主机出现控制延时,且电气控制箱570可在现场对冷暖机520、循环泵540和控制阀组件进行操作,具有操作便捷性。
需要说明的是,第四种实施方式的温控装置中,第二管段、第三管段、第四管段合并相当于温控装置基本结构中的第一管路,第一管段相当于温控装置基本结构中的第二管路,第五管段相当于温控装置基本结构中的第三管路,第六管段相当于温控装置基本结构中的第四管路。
本实施例中,二级换热管510的进口512和出口511均设置在箱体1000外,并在箱体1000外与第一管段551和第二管段552实现连接,避免在箱体1000内设置管路连接头,使安装和检修拆卸更加方便,也避免了介质泄露在箱体内对电池产生的影响。进一步的,将冷暖机520、循环泵540、散热器530和控制阀也设置在箱体1000外设置的集成柜1010内,实现模块化安装和管理,本实施例中二级换热管510为单路循环管路,与箱体1000内的多个电池组200进行热交换。单路循环可使二级换热管510在箱体没有泄露点,介质循环时密封性很好,进一步避免了介质泄露对箱体内的电池产生的影响。
基于以上描述可知,本实施例采用的冷暖机、散热器、循环泵和控制阀组件构成的温控装置具有主动升温、降温功能,同时具备被动降温功能,并且还具有适用于电池组数量比较多的储能设备使用等特点。
当然,除本实施例中提供的温控装置之外,在一些其它实施例中,也可仅仅采用冷暖机+循环泵的方式对电池组进行主动升、降温控制,但是这种方式可能需要冷暖机始终处于工作状态,能量消耗比较大。在一些实施例中,也可仅仅采用散热器+循环泵的方式对电池组进行被动降温的控制,虽然这种方式能耗较小,但是其仅仅只能起到降温作用,并且降温的能力也比较有限。
电池的发热是多种原因造成的,本实施例除了采用上述的两级换热+多模式的温控装置对电池组从外部降温外,还提供了由于电池组中各个方形电池的电解液均一性较差而造成发热问题的解决方案,即本实施例为每个电池组增设了共享管路组件,且可选的,该共享管路组件还可提供为电池组泄爆的功能,下面根据附图对本实施例中共享管路组件进行详细的说明。
本实施例中,电解液共享是采用共享管路组件400实现的,共享管路组件400不仅被配置为实现电解液共享的功能,还可选择性的被配置为电池组的泄爆管路。其原理性结构包括共享管路和若干密封机构,每个方形电池300通过其自身的一个注液通道与共享管路连通;共享管路一端设置有用于连接烟气处理装置900的泄爆机构415,另一端封闭;密封机构设置于方形电池300的注液通道处,用于对方形电池起密封作用,且在方形电池组成电池组时,该密封机构遇电解液溶解或在外力作用下形成开口,继而使得注液通道贯通,以实现共享管路和方形电池内腔的连通。共享管路组件不仅可以使多个方形电池处于同一个电解液体系,减少电解液消耗不同而产生的差异,还可以在电池组使用超过一定年限、电解液发生损耗时,将电解液抽出并更换新的电解液或直接补充新的电解液,有助于延长电池组的使用寿命。共享管路可以为一根完整的管路,但是优选的方案是,共享管路为本实施例中提供的拼接形成的管路。
以下根据方形电池300结构来具体说明共享管路组件的实施方式。
如图18a、图18b所示,为本实施例中不同角度下方形电池300的结构示意图。方形电池300的壳体由上盖板32、下盖板33、筒体34围合形成。本实施例中上盖板32、下盖板33、筒体34分别为独立设计的零件,组合形成方形电池300的壳体。在另一些实施方式中,因加工工艺不同,可采取非分体式的结构,例如下盖板33与筒体34为一体设计。上盖板32上设有极柱31,极柱31包括正极柱31a和负极柱31b,下盖板33设置有共享管路组件400的汇流管410以及第二组装座343。
如图18d所示,为本实施例方形电池300的剖面结构示意图。下盖板33上设置有注液通道,注液通道为通孔331,还设置有覆盖通孔331并沿下盖板33的宽度方向延伸的汇流管410,汇流管410与通孔331贯通。如图18e和图18f所示,通孔331为圆形孔,也可以为长条形通孔。
在一些实施例中,汇流管410设置在方形电池的筒体上,并沿下盖板的长度或宽度方向延伸。在另一些实施例中,汇流管设置在方形电池的下盖板上,并沿下盖板的长度方向延伸。为了确保密封性和减少加工成本,本实施例采用将汇流管410和下盖板33采用挤压工艺一体成型。
如图18c所示,在一些实施方式中,注液管路管包括若干汇流管410和若干连接管412;若干汇流管410分别设置在每个方形电池300下盖板33上,且每个汇流管沿方形电池300下盖板33的宽度方向铺设;相邻两个方形电池300上的汇流管410均通过一个连接管412连接。汇流管与方形电池300壳体一体化设计并通过连接管连接的设置使方形电池的壳体加工简便,经济实用,密封效果良好。
本实施例中,相邻两个方形电池300上的汇流管410均通过一个连接管412连接。连接管412的外形尺寸与汇流管410的外形尺寸相当,这样有助于提升汇流管410之间连接的稳定性。优选的,连接管412包括两个连接嘴413,汇流管410两端设置有连接口414,连接嘴413嵌于连接口414内密封连接;或连接管412包括两个连接口414,汇流管410两端设置连接嘴413,连接嘴413嵌于连接口414内密封连接。连接嘴413的形状优选为微锥形,便于插入连接口414中,且优选连接嘴413与连接口414过盈配合,连接嘴413与连接口414之间铆接,铆接时还可在铆接面加环氧胶等粘合剂,进一步使得密封和固定效果更好,或者连接嘴413与连接口414之间也可采用螺纹连接。
在一些实施方式中,如图18d至图18h所示,注液通道上设置有密封机构,第一种密封机构为密封膜421。该密封机构有两种使用情况:多个方形电池不需要共用一个电解液体系时,充当泄爆膜使用,在方形电池发生热失控时,热失控烟气通过顶破或熔化密封机构后进入汇流管410组成注液泄爆通道。
多个方形电池需要共用一个电解液体系时,第一种密封机构密封膜421遇电解液可溶解,在方形电池形成共享电解液体系前可保持方形电池内的电极组件与外部空气隔绝,并在密封膜421面向壳体内部的一侧附一层保护膜,避免电池内的电解液提前溶解密封膜421。当需要注入电解液时,电解液进入汇流管410组成的注液泄爆通道内,密封膜421遇电解液溶解后,附于其上的保护膜也随之脱落,使得电解 液能够进入到方形电池的内腔,达到电池组内各个方形电池电解液相互连通的效果。该方式避免使用其他工具,且对操作环境的要求不高,只要在电解液注入后及时密封电解液共享通道即可保证电解液、电极组件不暴露于空气中。
第二种密封机构为带牵引环423的密封片422,如图18g和图18h所示,注液通道上设置有密封片422,并在密封片422上设置牵引环423,在组装电池组时用牵引线穿引好牵引环423,注液前,通过拉扯穿引好所有牵引环423的牵引线,将各个方形电池的密封片422撕开,使所有方形电池形成开口,以将电解液统一注入到所有的方形电池内腔,达到电池组内各个方形电池电解液相互连通的效果。该操作应在露点标准-25到-40℃间、温度23℃±2℃、洁净度10万级的环境下进行。
当密封机构因溶解或外力被打开后,通孔331被打开,最终形成注液通道。
相比于拼接形成的共享管路组件400,一体式的共享管路组件(也就是采用一根完整管路的共享管路组件)亦可作为一种实施方式实现同样的电解液共享功能,但是一体式管路与电池组固定的方式受限于现有密封方式的工艺和成本,不能达到拼接式共享管路组件的成本低、工艺简单、密封性好的优点,但是其依然落入本申请的保护范围内。
上述共享管路组件400作为泄爆通道使用时,其排放的热失控烟气温度高且含有可燃的有毒有害气体,为了提高储能设备的安全性,避免电池组排放的热失控烟气引发安全事故,可以在储能装置上安装烟气处理装置,对热失控烟气进行处理。以下就本实施例中烟气处理装置的基本结构进行说明。烟气处理装置具体可包括吸附单元、冷却单元、点火单元中的至少一种,吸附单元、冷却单元、点火单元的具体结构及连接关系可详见实施例3。
实施例3
随着储能产业的快速发展,储能电站的安全性得到广泛关注。由于锂离子电池在充放电过程中可能会因自身的化学反应或外界影响发生热失控,导致储能设备的火灾事故时有发生,不仅造成高昂的维修费用,还严重影响储能设备的安全,造成了严重的社会恐慌。因此现有技术中多建立消防系统以保证储能电站的安全。现有技术一般采取传统的灭火剂灭火的方式,当消防装置分布不均匀或灭火效果不佳时,热失控的电池则可出现明火引发周边其他电池起火,使火势变大,存在较为严重的安全隐患,还将引发消防系统释放灭火剂使得所有电池组都浸没在灭火剂下,导致其他正常电池损坏。因此,现有的热失控烟气处理方式效果不理想,有待解决。
如图14和图15a所示,为解决现有热失控烟气处理方式效果不理想的问题,本申请提供了一种储能设备,该储能设备包括箱体1000、固定架1001、烟气处理装置900、BMS系统以及至少两个电池组200,电池组200具体可采用实施例1提供的电池组;固定架1001设置于箱体1000内,固定架1001内设置有若干用于固定电池组200的固定座1002,至少两个电池组200固定在固定座1002上且至少两个电池组200依次串联连接;图14中的箱体内并未满仓放置电池组200,实际使用中应根据充放电需求调整电池组200的摆放数量。
如图16a至图16d,电池组200包括固定组件201、共享管路组件400以及若干方形电池300;固定组件将若干方形电池300固定连接为一个整体,且若干方形电池300并联设置;共享管路组件400用于将若干方形电池300的内腔全部贯通,以使电池组200中所有方形电池300均处于同一个电解液体系下;共享管路组件400还可作为电池组200的泄爆通道使用,通过共享管路组件排放的热失控烟气则由烟气处理装置900进行处理。
本实施例中的烟气处理装置900与每个电池组200上的共享管路组件400连接,以使任一方形电池300发生热失控时通过共享管路组件400排出热失控烟气至烟气处理装置900进行处理;烟气处理装置900安装在箱体1000内,但是为了便于安装、维护以及提升操作安全性,如图15b所示,为箱体1000设计独立的集成柜1010放置烟气处理装置900,并可选的为其设计柜门1011,方便操作,该集成柜还可以放置BMS主机以及其他装置。BMS系统(Battery Management System)用于管理至少两个电池组200,包括BMS主机以及与电池组200数量相同的BMS从机601,BMS主机可设置在集成柜1010内,也可设置在远离储能设 备的位置,BMS从机601与电池组200一一对应,如图16c所示,BMS从机601通过从机安装座602固定在电池组200上,以采集对应电池组200的参数并上传至BMS主机,BMS主机分别与所有BMS从机通讯连接,以向BMS从机发送控制指令。
本申请中,由于储能设备的能量源采用多个电池组200,同时一个电池组200又由多个方形电池300组成,因此,电池组200之间的串联结构和电池组200内所有方形电池300的并联方式是储能设备能够正常运行的关键。在本实施例中,电池组200之间通过两个电连接件实现串接,同时该电连接件还可实现电池组200内所有方形电池300的并联,简化了电池组200的电路连接结构。如图16a和图16c所示,每个电池组上设置有两个电连接件700,电连接件700的具体结构和连接关系详见实施例2,此处不再重复。
本申请中,共享管路组件400是为了实现电池组200各方形电池300中电解液共享,以及电池组200安全泄爆的功能,其基本原理是将电池组200内各个方形电池300的内腔连通,使所有方形电池300处于同一个电解液体系内,继而提高各个方形电池300内电解液的均一性,减少了因电解液消耗不同而产生的差异;还可以在电池组200使用超过一定年限、电解液发生损耗时,将电解液抽出并更换新的电解液或直接补充新的电解液或补锂添加剂,有助于延长电池组200的使用寿命。共享管路组件400可以为一根完整的管路,也可以为本实施例提供的更为优选的拼接式管路,如图16a所示,共享管路组件400包括若干汇流管410和若干连接管412,若干汇流管410分别设置在每个方形电池300的壳体上,且每个汇流管410沿所述方形电池300壳体的厚度方向或宽度方向铺设;相邻两个方形电池300上的汇流管410均通过一个连接管412连接。
为了使共享管路组件400能够同时实现泄爆功能,在各个方形电池300上设置与其上设置的汇流管410连通的注液通道,使注液通道兼具泄爆孔的功能,共享管路组件400不仅能够实现电解液共享,还能作为电池组统一的泄爆通道使用,共享管路组件400的一端可以封闭,也可以安装注液机构,共享管路组件400另一端设置泄爆机构415,连接烟气处理装置处理热失控烟气。
当然,共享管路组件400也可以只承担单一功能,即仅提供电解液共享功能,此时共享管路组件400的一端安装注液机构,另一端仅提供泄爆功能,此时共享管路组件400的一端封闭,另一端安装与所述烟气处理装置连接的泄爆机构415。
根据方形电池300结构来具体说明共享管路组件的实施方式详见实施例2以及18a至图18h所示,此处不再重复。需要说明的是,在各个方形电池300组成电池组200前,方形电池300的内腔是需要密封的,但是组成电池组200时各个方形电池300的内腔需要被连通,是形成电解液共享的条件,因此,方形电池300上需要设计满足要求的密封机构。密封机构的具体设置也可详见实施例2,此处不再重复。
上述共享管路组件400作为泄爆通道使用时,其排放的热失控烟气温度高且含有可燃的有毒有害气体,为了提高储能设备的安全性,避免电池组200排放的热失控烟气引发安全事故,可以在储能装置上安装烟气处理装置,对热失控烟气进行处理。以下就本实施例中烟气处理装置的基本结构进行说明。
在一些实施例中,烟气处理装置900为设置在箱体1000之外的用于对热失控烟气进行点燃处理的点火单元940;或烟气处理装置为设置在箱体1000内或箱体1000外用于对热失控烟气进行吸附处理的吸附单元;或烟气处理装置为设置在箱体1000内或外用于对热失控烟气进行冷却处理的冷却单元。
在一些实施例中,烟气处理装置包括冷却单元和吸附单元;冷却单元和吸附单元设置在箱体1000内或外,设置在箱体1000外时,吸附单元和冷却单元可位于集成柜1010中,见图14;冷却单元的烟气输入端通过泄压总管与每个电池组200上的共享管路组件400连通,冷却单元的烟气输出端与吸附单元连通。
在一些实施例中,烟气处理装置为在设置在箱体1000内或外的冷却单元(设置在箱体外时冷却单元可位于集成柜1010中)以及设置在箱体1000外的点火单元940;冷却单元的烟气输入端通过泄压总管与每个电池组200上的共享管路组件400连通,冷却单元的烟气输出端与点火单元940连接。
在一些实施例中,烟气处理装置为设置在箱体1000内或外的吸附单元,以及设置在箱体1000外的点火单940元,设置在箱体1000外时吸附单元可位于集成柜1010中,吸附单元的烟气输入端通过泄压总管 与每个电池组200上的共享管路组件400连通,吸附单元的烟气输出端与点火单元940连接。
在本实施例中,烟气处理装置包括冷却单元、吸附单元以及点火单元;冷却单元和吸附单元设置在箱体1000内或外,设置在箱体1000外时吸附单元和冷却单元可位于集成柜1010中;点火单元940设置在箱体1000外;冷却单元的烟气输入端通过泄压总管与每个电池组200上的共享管路组件400连通,冷却单元的烟气输出端与吸附单元的烟气入口端连接,吸附单元的烟气出口端与点火单元940连接。
以下结合图24a至图24d,对吸附单元、冷却单元、点火单元940的具体结构及连接关系进行详细描述。
如图24a和图24b所示,为本实施例中烟气处理装置900的结构示意图,该烟气处理装置900包括与各个电池组200连接的排烟管、设置于集成柜1010中的冷却单元、吸附单元,以及位于箱体1000外的点火单元940。
排烟管包括多个一级泄压管912和二级泄压管913,一级泄压管912的数量与电池组200的数量一致,一级泄压管912的一端与电池组200的泄爆机构415一一对应连接,一级泄压管912另一端均与二级泄压管913连接,二级泄压管913的数量根据固定架1001的层数变化,亦可以根据实际需求另作设置。例如,箱体1000内设置有六十个电池组200,箱体1000的固定架1001设置有六层,固定架1001每一层放置十个电池组200,根据层数设置六根二级泄压管913,每一层内与电池组200的泄爆机构415连接的十个一级泄压管912均与本层内设置的同一个二级泄压管913连接,再将六个二级泄压管913的汇总至泄压总管914中,泄压总管914管径可优选设置成比各个二级泄压管913的管径稍大,泄压总管914与处理烟气的单元连接。或者,每一列电池组200之间设置一根二级泄压管913,再将多个二级泄压管913汇总至泄压总管914中;或者,六十个方形电池300的一级泄压管912全部与同一个二级泄压管913连接,二级泄压管913与处理烟气的单元连接。
吸附单元包括N个依次串接的吸附罐921,N为大于等于1的整数。其中,当烟气处理装置不设置冷却单元时,第一个吸附罐921的进口与泄压总管914或者二级泄压管913连通,每个吸附罐921内填充有吸附介质,以吸附热失控烟气。有毒有害物质被吸附后,第N个吸附罐921设置一根引出热失控烟气的管路至箱体1000外,将剩余气体排放至箱体1000外,或者连接点火单元940将其点燃。N个吸附罐921之间通过软管串联,使其能够自由的根据不同箱体1000的设计进行排布。设置多个吸附罐921,可以拉长热失控烟气过滤吸附的行程,有助于更加彻底的吸附热失控烟气。为提高罐体的耐压性,吸附罐921具体可采用圆形桶体制作,该圆形桶体的两端可通过圆形端盖进行密封,圆形端盖可通过法兰与圆形桶体连接,或者,圆形端盖可焊接在圆形桶体的两端。吸附罐将烟气进口设置在吸附罐921的顶端,将出口设置在吸附罐921的底端。
如图24c所示,为本实施例吸附罐921的结构示意图,吸附罐921内设置有两个多孔板9211,两个多孔板9211之间通过两端设有螺纹的连接杆9212轴向连接,即连接杆9212的两端分别穿过两个多孔板9211,并通过螺母固定,相邻的两个多孔板9211与吸附罐921内壁形成吸附腔,吸附介质填充在吸附腔内,吸附介质优选采用吸附性能较好和成本较低的活性炭、沸石分子筛或氧化铝等。
如图24d所示,烟气处理装置设置点火单元940时,优选同步设置触发单元930,用于触发启动点火单元940;点火单元940设置在箱体1000外,当烟气处理装置不设置冷却单元和吸附单元时,泄压总管914直接与点火单元连接,当烟气处理装置设置吸附单元时,点火单元与第N个吸附罐921的出口连接,热失控烟气通过N个吸附罐921后排放至箱体1000外,并由点火单元940将其点燃进行无害化处理,减少环境污染;当烟气处理装置设置冷却单元和吸附单元时,点火单元的连接方式与仅设置吸附单元时的连接方式相同,当烟气处理装置设置冷却单元而不设置吸附单元时,点火单元940与冷却单元的出口连接。
触发单元930可为不同形式的传感器,根据不同需求设置在二级泄压管913内或泄压总管914内,在方形电池300发生热失控时对温度、压力或气体体积分数等参数进行实时检测,当超过设定阈值时即发出信号,该信号可为电信号或机械信号等。具体的,上述传感器可为压力传感器、气体传感器或温度传感器中的至少一种,压力传感器、气体传感器和温度传感器具体可设置在二级泄压管913内或泄压总管 914或电池壳体上。压力传感器具体可为磁力开关等。
为保证热失控烟气的燃烧效果,可设置不同数量的点火单元940,防止某一个点火单元940失效或发生故障时,无法完成热失控烟气的点燃处理。如图24d所示,点火单元940具体包括排气管941和固定在排气管941顶端的点火器942,排气管941的进口与吸附单元的出口连通,点火器942设置在排气管941的出口端,用于点燃排气管941排出的热失控烟气。上述排气管941上还可设置阻火器943,该阻火器943防止火焰向下传输,具体可为单向阀或管道阻火器等,管道阻火器内设置有被压实的滤网。此外,还可在排气管941的顶端设置防雨盖944,防止外部的杂质或水汽进入排气管941堵塞通道。点火器942可采用现有的电弧式点火器或电阻丝点火器等,电弧式点火器具体可采用脉冲点火器,点火器的供电方式可根据现场环境采用干电池或交流电。具体的,任意方形电池300发生热失控时,热失控烟气到达排气管941中,触发单元930探测到排气管941内有热失控烟气时反馈信号至点火器942,点火器942启动并引燃残余的热失控烟气。
在热失控烟气通过吸附单元前,设置冷却单元为温度较高的热失控烟气降温,避免高温烟气损伤吸附单元,或吸附处理不充分时,在点火单元940中点燃的过程中残留的电解液导致点燃火焰过大损坏点火单元940的部分器件。具体的,冷却单元包括M个冷却罐951和至少一个回流罐952,M个冷却罐951和回流罐952之间通过软管连接,并依据箱体的设计需求进行排布摆放,但是回流罐952的电解液入口应低于冷却罐951的电解液出口。第一个冷却罐951与泄压总管914或二级泄压管913连接,冷却罐951和回流罐952有多个时可穿插设置,第M个冷却罐951或最后一个回流罐952与第一个吸附罐921连接。当热失控烟气进入冷却罐951后,部分固体颗粒以及气化的电解液冷凝,气液混合物进入回流罐952后其液态物质留在回流罐952中,气态物质则继续进入吸附罐921,并通过吸附罐921中的吸附介质吸附残留的液体及可燃气体,没有被吸附的气体则继续进入排气管并最终被点燃。上述回流罐952可采用任意形状的罐体,也可采用不与电解液发生反应的柔性袋结构,只要能够收集热失控烟气中的电解液小液滴即可。冷却单元与吸附单元的连接顺序可以调换,但是高温气体直接通过吸附单元不利于吸附且可能对吸附单元造成一定的损坏,因此优选先冷却后吸附的处理方式,提高烟气处理的安全性。
冷却罐951和吸附罐921内部的冷却介质和吸附介质可以部分填充或全部填充,以满足不同的使用要求。上述冷却介质可为陶瓷球、蜂窝陶瓷体、二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化钛中的一种。本实施例采用物理冷却的方法对热失控烟气进行降温,这类物质降温效果较好,性质稳定,不产生气体,有利于减轻后续的气体吸附压力。
在一些实施例中,如图24a所示,烟气处理装置还包括感应单元960;该感应单元960能够在发生热失控时发送信号给BMS,由BMS控制箱体1000内的电池组200停止充放电,提高整个系统的安全性。上述感应单元960可为压力传感器、气体传感器或温度传感器中的一种。图24a中仅指示了感应单元960的安装位置之一,感应单元可设置多个,便于及时探测感应。
在一些实施例中,为提高憋压效果,在第N个吸附罐921的出口上设置压力阀(图中未示出),压力阀关闭时,对冷却单元、吸附单元中的热失控烟气进行憋压,增加吸附效果和冷却效果,当热失控烟气的压力超过压力阀设置的阈值时,压力阀打开,热失控烟气进入点火单元940,由点火单元940点燃热失控烟气。
在一些实施例中,烟气处理装置中冷却罐951可以为液冷罐,和温控装置500共用冷却介质,一旦探测到电池组200热失控,温控装置500将制冷后的冷却介质供给到液冷罐951内,冷却热失控烟气。
电池发生热失控的成因中,电池发热是非常重要的原因,因此解决电池发热问题至关重要。上述的电解液共享能够从电池内部解决电解液均一性差而造成的发热问题,本申请中还提供了从电池外部解决发热问题的解决方案。因此,为了进一步提高储能设备的安全性,为其设置温控装置是非常必要的选择。实施例2中已对换热组件和温控装置进行了详细说明,在此不再重复。

Claims (36)

  1. 一种电池组,其特征在于,所述电池组包括固定组件、共享管路组件、换热组件以及若干方形电池,若干方形电池并联连接;
    所述固定组件用于将所述若干方形电池并排固定连接以形成电池组;
    所述共享管路组件用于将所述若干方形电池的内腔全部贯通,以使所述电池组中所有方形电池均处于一个电解液体系下;
    所述换热组件用于与若干方形电池同一侧的极柱固定连接,以实现电池组中所有方形电池与外部进行换热。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述共享管路组件包括注液管路,所述方形电池包括注液通道,所述注液通道设置有密封机构;每个方形电池通过注液通道与所述注液管路连通;注液管路一端作为总注液口,另一端封闭;所述密封机构用于对注液通道起密封作用,且该密封机构在遇电解液时溶解或在外力作用下形成开口,继而使得注液通道贯通,以实现注液管路和方形电池电解液腔的连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述注液管路包括若干汇流管和若干连接管;若干汇流管分别设置在每个方形电池壳体上,且每个汇流管沿所述方形电池壳体的厚度方向或宽度方向铺设;相邻两个方形电池上所述汇流管通过一个连接管连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述连接管两端包括连接嘴,所述汇流管两端设置有连接口,所述连接嘴嵌于所述连接口内密封连接;或,所述连接管两端包括连接口,所述汇流管两端设置连接嘴,所述连接嘴嵌于所述连接口内密封连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述连接嘴为锥形嘴,所述连接嘴与所述连接口过盈配合;或,所述连接嘴与所述连接口螺纹连接。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5任一项所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述注液管路的总注液口上设置有可拆卸的泄爆机构,注液管路的封闭端采用封堵件密封。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述密封机构为设置有牵引环的密封片,在外力牵引下,所述牵引环撕开所述密封片形成开口;或,所述密封机构为附有保护膜的密封膜,所述密封膜溶于电解液,所述保护膜不溶于电解液,所述保护膜附于所述密封膜面向所述方形电池的内腔的一侧,当所述密封膜溶于电解液后,所述保护膜随之脱落。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述换热组件包括传热管,所述极柱设置有通槽,所述传热管固定在所述通槽内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述通槽的断面呈C字形或U字形;所述传热管直径与所述通槽最宽处的比为1:1.05~1:1.1;所述通槽的长度与所述方形电池的上盖板的宽度比为0.7:1~0.9:1。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述方形电池壳体包括上盖板、下盖板和筒体,所述极柱绝缘设置在所述上盖板上,所述下盖板与所述汇流管为一体成型的铝挤压件;所述筒体为铝挤压件;所述下盖板与所述筒体激光焊接固定。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述固定组件为固定壳体,若干所述方形电池并排固定设置在所述固定壳体内;或,所述固定组件包括第一组装件和第二组装件,所述第一组装件与所述方形电池的所述方形电池的筒体侧壁固定连接,用于将并排放置的若干方形电池固定为一个整体;所述第二组装件位于并排放置的若干方形电池下方,且与方形电池的下盖板固定连接。
  12. 一种储能设备,其特征在于,包括箱体、固定架、温控装置、BMS系统以及至少两个电池组;
    所述固定架设置于箱体内,至少两个电池组串联连接后固定在所述固定架上;
    所述电池组包括固定组件、共享管路组件、换热组件以及若干方形电池;
    所述固定组件将若干方形电池固定连接为一个整体,且若干方形电池并联设置;
    所述共享管路组件用于将所述若干方形电池的内腔全部贯通,以使所述电池组中所有方形电池均处于一个电解液体系下;
    所述换热组件用于实现电池组与温控装置之间的热交换;
    所述温控装置设置在箱体外,用于通过所述换热组件实现对每个电池组的升温或降温;
    所述BMS系统用于管理所述至少两个电池组,包括BMS主机以及与所述电池组数量相同的BMS从机,所述BMS从机分别设置在所述电池组上,所述BMS主机分别与所有BMS从机通讯连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述电池组还设置有两个电连接件;其中一个电连接件与该电池组上若干方形电池的所有正极柱电连接,另一个电连接件与该电池组上若干方形电池的所有负极柱连接;一个电池组上与正极柱连接的电连接件和与之相邻的另一个电池组上与负极柱连接的电连接件连接,以使相邻两个电池组之间串联连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述电连接件包括第一连接部和第二连接部,所述第一连接部与电池组上所有正极柱或负极柱电连接,所述第二连接部与相邻的另一电池组上所述电连接件的所述第二连接部电连接,以使相邻所述电池组串联连接。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述电连接件包括缓冲槽;所述缓冲槽设置在所述第一连接部靠近所述第二连接部的一侧。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述换热组件包括一级换热管;一级换热管一部分与电池组上所有正极柱或负极柱连接,另一部分与温控装置连接,且一级换热管与温控装置之间保持绝缘。
  17. 根据权利要求12所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述换热组件包括一级换热管、二级换热管以及绝缘换热件;一级换热管一部分与电池组上所有正极柱或负极柱连接,一级换热管另一部分通过绝缘换热件与二级换热管一部分绝缘换热,二级换热管的另一部分与温控装置连接。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述绝缘换热件上设置有至少一个第一安装部和至少一个第二安装部;所述第一安装部用于安装一级换热管的所述另一部分,所述第二安装部用于安装二级换热管的一部分,且所述一级换热管与第一安装部之间保持绝缘,或者,二级换热管与第二安装部之间保持绝缘,或者第一安装部和第二安装部之间保持绝缘。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述第一安装部和第二安装部为孔或槽。
  20. 根据权利要求16至19任一项所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述电池组上所有正极柱或负极柱上设置有通槽,所述一级换热管的一部分固定在所述通槽内,以实现与所述电池组的热交换。
  21. 根据权利要求16所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述一级换热管为热管;温控装置采用TEC。
  22. 根据权利要求17所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述一级换热管为热管;二级换热管为液冷管;所述温控装置包括冷暖机、散热器、循环泵和控制阀组件;所述冷暖机用于对二级换热管内的介质进行主动增温或主动降温,所述冷暖机的进液口与二级换热管的出口通过第一管路连接,所述冷暖机的出液口与二级换热管的进口通过第二管路连接;所述散热器与第一管路或第二管路连接,用于对二级换热管内的介质进行被动降温;所述循环泵设置在第一管路或第二管路上,用于对二级换热管内介质的流动提供动力;所述控制阀组件设置在第一管路或第二管路上,所述控制阀组件用于控制冷暖机和散热器连通,实现介质的被动降温;或者,所述控制阀组件控制冷暖机和散热器断开,介质仅流入冷暖机内实现主动增温或主动降温。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述控制阀组件包括三通电动阀,所述三通电动阀的第一端口与冷暖机的进液口连通,第二端口与第一管路连通,第三端口与散热器的出口连通。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述控制阀组件包括第一电动阀和第二电动阀,所述第一电动阀设置在散热器的出口处,所述第二电动阀设置在第一管路上,或者,所述第一电动阀设置在散热器的进口处,所述第二电动阀设置在第二管路上。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述温控装置还包括电气控制箱,所述电气控制箱分别与冷暖机、循环泵和控制阀组件连接,用于控制冷暖机、循环泵和控制阀组件的工作状态,所述电气控制箱与所述BMS系统通讯连接。
  26. 一种储能设备,其特征在于,包括箱体、固定架、烟气处理装置、BMS系统以及至少两个电池组;
    所述固定架设置于箱体内,至少两个电池组串联连接后固定在所述固定架上;
    所述电池组包括固定组件、共享管路组件以及若干方形电池;
    固定组件将若干方形电池固定连接为一个整体,且若干方形电池并联设置;
    共享管路组件用于将若干方形电池内的内腔全部贯通,以使所述电池组中所有方形电池均处于同一个电解液体系下;
    所述烟气处理装置与每个电池组上的所述共享管路组件连接,以使任一方形电池发生热失控时通过所述共享管路组件排出热失控烟气至所述烟气处理装置进行处理;
    所述BMS系统用于管理所述至少两个电池组,包括BMS主机以及与所述电池组数量相同的BMS从机,所述BMS从机分别设置在所述电池组上,所述BMS主机分别与所有BMS从机通讯连接。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述电池组还设置有两个电连接件;其中一个电连接件与该电池组上若干方形电池的所有正极柱电连接,另一个电连接件与该电池组上若干方形电池的所有负极柱连接;一个电池组上与正极柱连接的电连接件和与之相邻的另一个电池组上与负极柱连接的电连接件连接,以使相邻两个电池组之间串联连接。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述电连接件包括第一连接部和第二连接部,所述第一连接部与电池组上所有正极柱或负极柱电连接,所述第二连接部与相邻的另一电池组上所述电连接件的所述第二连接部电连接,以使相邻所述电池组串联连接。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述电连接件包括缓冲槽;所述缓冲槽设置在所述第一连接部靠近所述第二连接部的一侧。
  30. 根据权利要求26至29任一项所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述共享管路组件包括注液管路;每个方形电池通过其自身的一个通道与所述注液管路连通;注液管路一端安装注液机构,另一端安装与所述烟气处理装置连接的泄爆机构;或者注液管路一端安装与所述烟气处理装置连接的泄爆机构,另一端封闭。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述注液管路包括若干汇流管和若干连接管,若干汇流管分别设置在每个方形电池壳体上,且每个汇流管沿所述方形电池壳体的厚度方向或宽度方向铺设;相邻两个方形电池上的所述汇流管均通过一个连接管连接。
  32. 根据权利要求26所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述烟气处理装置为设置在箱体之外的用于对热失控烟气进行点燃处理的点火单元;或,烟气处理装置为设置在箱体内或箱体外用于对热失控烟气进行吸附处理的吸附单元;或,烟气处理装置为设置在箱体内或箱体外用于对热失控烟气进行冷却处理的冷却单元。
  33. 根据权利要求26所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述烟气处理装置包括冷却单元和吸附单元;冷却单元和吸附单元设置在箱体内或箱体外;冷却单元的烟气输入端通过烟气通道与每个共享管路组件连通,冷却单元的烟气输出端与吸附单元连通。
  34. 根据权利要求26所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述烟气处理装置为设置在箱体内或箱体外的冷却单元,以及设置在箱体外的点火单元;冷却单元的烟气输入端通过烟气通道与每个电池组上的共享管路组件连通,冷却单元的烟气输出端与点火单元连接。
  35. 根据权利要求26所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述烟气处理装置为设置在箱体内或箱体外的吸附单元,以及设置在箱体外的点火单元,吸附单元的烟气输入端通过烟气通道与每个电池组上的共享管路组件连通,吸附单元的烟气输出端与点火单元连接。
  36. 根据权利要求26所述的储能设备,其特征在于,所述烟气处理装置包括冷却单元、吸附单元以及点火单元;所述冷却单元和吸附单元设置在箱体内或箱体外;所述点火单元设置在箱体外;冷却单元的烟气输入端通过烟气通道与每个电池组上的共享管路组件连通,冷却单元的烟气输出端与吸附单元的烟气入口端连接,吸附单元的烟气出口端与点火单元连接。
PCT/CN2023/131137 2022-11-15 2023-11-11 一种电池组及储能设备 WO2024104278A1 (zh)

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