WO2020248491A1 - 一种锂电池包热管理系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种锂电池包热管理系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020248491A1
WO2020248491A1 PCT/CN2019/117640 CN2019117640W WO2020248491A1 WO 2020248491 A1 WO2020248491 A1 WO 2020248491A1 CN 2019117640 W CN2019117640 W CN 2019117640W WO 2020248491 A1 WO2020248491 A1 WO 2020248491A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
heat pipe
attached
pipe array
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/117640
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵耀华
徐红霞
Original Assignee
赵耀华
徐红霞
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201910512740.6A external-priority patent/CN110137407A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910511703.3A external-priority patent/CN110112510A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910510792.XA external-priority patent/CN110137624A/zh
Application filed by 赵耀华, 徐红霞 filed Critical 赵耀华
Priority to JP2021574177A priority Critical patent/JP2022542762A/ja
Publication of WO2020248491A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020248491A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the thermal management of lithium battery packs is not only essential to battery life, but also essential to battery safety.
  • the traditional thermal management method of lithium battery packs with high protection level generally adopts liquid cooling mode.
  • liquid cooling bottom plate that is, only a single liquid cooling plate is installed at the bottom of the battery module, and the bottom of the battery module
  • a single liquid-cooled plate heat dissipation method will cause a large temperature difference between the upper and lower sides of the battery cells, which will cause greater damage to the battery during rapid charge and discharge and low-temperature preheating.
  • Tesla uses the liquid cooling mode on all sides of the battery.
  • the current liquid cooling medium is directly cooled by antifreeze or refrigerating medium, which is equivalent to a direct expansion evaporator.
  • the direct expansion cooling of the refrigerating medium will cause severe cold shock to the battery and a great temperature difference inside the battery due to the low temperature of the refrigerating medium, causing great damage to the battery, and it is basically of no practical value.
  • Antifreeze is used more often.
  • the antifreeze contains water.
  • the welding parts are easy to be damaged during use, resulting in leakage of internal antifreeze; for Tesla, it is used from full sides to liquid cooling.
  • the welding port of the tube is located outside the battery pack, once the impact occurs, the liquid-cooled tube between the cells is damaged, which will also cause antifreeze leakage, and the welding ports are distributed on all sides, and the probability of the welding ports being damaged is high. In either case, if the leaked antifreeze contacts the battery in the battery pack, it will short-circuit the battery pack and cause serious safety accidents.
  • the present invention proposes a thermal management system and method for lithium battery packs.
  • a thermal management system for a lithium battery pack which is characterized by including one or more layers of batteries and/or battery modules, a battery pack shell, and a heat exchange system inside the battery pack, wherein the surface of the battery and/or battery module is attached Integrated micro heat pipe array, the part of the micro heat pipe array attached to the surface of the battery and/or battery module is an evaporation section, and the length of the micro heat pipe array is greater than the battery and/or battery mold of the layer covered by it
  • the battery pack spans in one direction, and at least one end protrudes from the surface of the battery and/or battery module, and the protruding part is used as a condensation section to be attached to the battery pack shell; the battery pack shell surrounds the battery pack and is In a closed structure, the battery pack shell is at least a thermally conductive partition plate corresponding to the condensing section; the heat exchange system at least corresponds to the outer surface of the thermally conductive partition plate, and passes through the battery pack shell and the battery And/or battery modules are completely physically
  • the heat exchange system is a liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger, and the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger is at least correspondingly attached to the outer surface of the thermally conductive baffle, and the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger and the battery
  • the external refrigeration system of the package is connected, the substrate of the liquid-cooled plate and tube heat exchanger is sealed, and is completely physically isolated from the battery and/or battery module through the battery package shell;
  • the heat exchange system is a liquid-cooled plate and tube heat exchanger and an external air-cooling module
  • the liquid-cooled plate and tube heat exchanger is at least correspondingly attached to the outer surface of the thermally conductive baffle, and the liquid-cooled plate and tube exchange
  • the heat exchanger is connected to the refrigeration system outside the battery pack.
  • the external air cooling module has air cooling fins inside and a fan on the side.
  • the base plate of the air cooling fin is attached to the outside of the liquid cooling plate tube heat exchanger.
  • the substrate of the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger and the substrate of the external air-cooling module are both sealed, and are completely physically separated from the battery and/or the battery module through the battery pack shell;
  • the heat exchange system is an external air-cooling module
  • the external air-cooling module is close to the outer surface of the battery pack shell on the side with a thermally conductive partition
  • the external air-cooling module has air-cooling fins inside and a fan on the side.
  • the batteries and/or battery modules are vertical, with multiple layers stacked and distributed, and each layer includes multiple groups stacked on each other in a horizontal direction, and the front side of each group of the batteries and/or battery modules is laterally attached at least A micro heat pipe array, the length of the micro heat pipe array is greater than the width of the battery and/or battery module and both ends are bent, and the micro heat pipe array is attached to the front part of the battery and/or battery module Is the heat transfer section, the bent vertical part is attached to the two sides of the battery and/or battery module as the evaporation section and the condensation section respectively, and is also attached to the corresponding battery pack shell; the battery and /Or the back side of the battery module is attached to the micro heat pipe array attached to the adjacent battery and/or the front side of the battery module.
  • each of the micro heat pipe arrays is arranged laterally obliquely, the inclination angle is not less than 1°, and the end located on the upper side and attached to the side surface of the battery and/or battery module is a condensation section, located on the lower side and connected to the One end of the battery and/or the other side of the battery module is attached to the evaporation section.
  • each group of the battery and/or battery module are attached to the micro heat pipe array, and each side surface is attached to at least one of the micro heat pipe arrays, and each of the micro heat pipe arrays has at least one end
  • the protruding part, and the protruding part is bent in the vertical direction of the plane of the micro heat pipe array, the upward bending part of the micro heat pipe array on the lower side is a condensing section, which is attached to the thermally conductive baffle for heat dissipation and is located
  • the downwardly curved part of the micro heat pipe array on the upper side is an evaporation section, which is attached or connected with a heater for battery heating.
  • each group of the battery and/or the battery module is attached to at least one of the micro heat pipe arrays, and the protruding parts at both ends are bent to the same side and attached to the thermally conductive separator.
  • the substrate of the liquid-cooled plate and tube heat exchanger is connected to or welded to the outer surface of the battery pack shell through a sealing ring, and the battery pack shell is of IP67 level.
  • a compressible and deformable thermally conductive gasket is arranged between the micro heat pipe array and the battery and/or battery module.
  • a heater is provided on the lower surface of the micro heat pipe array.
  • the micro heat pipe array is a flat heat conductor with a porous structure formed by extrusion of a metal material, and has a plurality of micro heat pipes arranged side by side that are not connected to each other and operate independently, and the hydraulic power of each micro heat pipe is The diameter is 0.2-3.0mm, and the internal phase change working fluid is a non-conductive medium.
  • a thermal management method for lithium battery packs is characterized in that in the aforementioned thermal management system, the micro heat pipe array absorbs the heat and conducts the heat through a thermally conductive partition plate to a heat exchange system attached to the outer surface of the thermally conductive partition plate.
  • the battery or battery module is a vertical type, and the heat transfer section of the evaporation section attached to one side of each battery and/or battery module and the heat transfer section of the micro heat pipe array attached to the front side absorbs the heat of each battery cell, Conduct heat to the condensation section of the micro heat pipe array attached to the other side of each battery and/or battery module, and then conduct the heat to the thermally conductive separator through the thermally conductive separator attached to the condensing section
  • the heat exchange system with the outer surface is swapped out.
  • the battery or battery module is horizontal, and the evaporation section of the micro heat pipe array attached to the surface of the battery and/or battery module absorbs heat from the battery and/or battery module, and conducts the heat to the condensation of the extended part Section, and then conduct the heat through the thermally conductive baffle to the heat exchange system that is attached to the outer surface of the thermally conductive baffle.
  • the heat exchange system is a liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger connected to the external refrigeration system of the battery pack.
  • the control system automatically starts the refrigeration system to drive the The liquid-cooled plate and tube heat exchanger is started to dissipate heat from the battery pack.
  • the refrigeration system stops supplying cold to the liquid-cooled plate and tube heat exchanger.
  • the heater directly or indirectly in contact with the micro heat pipe array is heated, and the battery is heated through the micro heat pipe array, at which time the refrigeration system stops running.
  • the heat exchange system is a liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger with an external refrigeration system of the battery pack and an external air-cooled fin with a fan.
  • the heat is conducted through the thermally conductive baffle to the outer surface of the thermally conductive baffle.
  • the control system first turns on the fan, and the external air-cooled fins automatically dissipate heat.
  • the control system automatically starts the refrigeration system, drives the liquid-cooled plate and tube heat exchanger to start, and simultaneously dissipates the electric core with the external air-cooled fins.
  • the heat exchange system is an external air-cooling module.
  • the control system automatically starts the fan, and the fins of the external air-cooling module automatically dissipate heat; when the cell temperature When it is lower than the first set value, the fan stops running.
  • the heater directly or indirectly in contact with the micro heat pipe array is heated and exchanges heat with the battery and/or the battery module through the micro heat pipe array, and the fan stops running at this time .
  • a thermal management system for lithium battery packs of the present invention uses indirect liquid cooling, or two cooling methods, liquid cooling and air cooling, or air cooling to manage the temperature of the battery pack, and batteries placed in a horizontal or vertical position (The surface of the battery cell) and/or the battery module is laterally attached to the heat conductor of the micro heat pipe array, and the heat is transferred to the heat exchange system through the heat conductive baffle, that is, the liquid-cooled plate tube heat exchanger and/or externally connected to the refrigeration system Air cooling module.
  • each group of micro heat pipe arrays and the vertical battery (cell) and/or the front of the battery module are bonded together as a heat transfer section, and the vertical part is connected with the battery and/or after the two ends are bent.
  • the two sides of the battery module are attached to serve as the evaporation section and the condensation section respectively.
  • the condensation section is then attached to the thermally conductive separator.
  • the heat of the battery is transferred to the condensation section through the evaporation section and the heat transfer section.
  • the micro heat pipe is connected to the battery and/or the battery.
  • each group of the battery and/or battery module is only attached to the micro heat pipe array on the front,
  • the back side is attached to the micro heat pipe array attached to the front side of the adjacent group to ensure that fewer micro heat pipes are used so that the front side, the back side and both of each battery and/or battery module are attached to the micro heat pipe array. Therefore, it is possible to transfer the heat of the battery cells located inside with fewer micro heat pipes and heat exchange systems, and to ensure uniform temperature of the battery pack placed vertically, high heat dissipation efficiency, and low cost.
  • the micro heat pipe array is attached to the single or double side surface of each group of cells, preferably on both sides, so that even the cells located inside, the temperature can pass
  • the micro heat pipe array attached to it is effectively conducted to the thermally conductive partition attached to it at both ends, and then to the outside of the battery, with high heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the micro heat pipe array is a flat heat conductor with a porous structure formed by extrusion of a metal material, there are a number of micro heat pipes arranged side by side and not connected to each other, and the hydraulic diameter of each micro heat pipe is only 0.2-3.0mm , And even smaller, the pressure-bearing capacity of the tube wall is extremely high, so the leakage problem is almost negligible, and the phase change working medium is a small amount of non-conductive medium, even if it is damaged and leaked under extreme conditions, it will not cause damage to the battery;
  • the plate also serves as the protective shell of the battery cell, separating the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger, the base plate of the external air-cooled fin and the battery pack, and seals the base plate of the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger by sealing measures such as sealing rings or welding.
  • the heat exchange system when the heat exchange system is a liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger, when the temperature of the battery cell is higher than the first set value, such as 35°C, the control system automatically starts the liquid cooling system of the car,
  • the evaporation section (or evaporation section and heat transfer section) of the micro heat pipe array attached to the surface of the cell and/or battery module absorbs heat and conducts it to the condensation section of the micro heat pipe array.
  • the condensation section conducts the heat through the battery pack shell to
  • the attached liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger is exchanged.
  • the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger is generally connected to the refrigeration system of electric vehicles, or a dedicated refrigeration system; when the temperature of the battery cell is lower than the set value, the liquid Coolant circulation of cooling system.
  • the heat exchange system is a liquid-cooled plate and tube heat exchanger and an external air-cooled module
  • the fan is automatically started and the external air-cooled fins are used for heat dissipation.
  • the evaporation section (or evaporation section and heat transfer section) of the micro heat pipe array attached to the surface of the cell and/or battery module absorbs heat and conducts it to the condensation section of the micro heat pipe array, which conducts the heat through the battery pack shell
  • the external air-cooling fins fitted to it exchange heat to realize non-refrigeration and energy-saving heat dissipation in seasons other than the summer high temperature season.
  • the air-cooling system is in the standby state regardless of whether the electric vehicle is driving or parking, so the electric vehicle is parked
  • the period is the automatic heat dissipation when the battery heats up during the refrigeration system shutdown, which greatly suppresses major safety risks such as thermal runaway; under extreme conditions such as high outdoor temperature in summer, when the detected battery temperature is higher than the third set value, the external air cooling
  • the liquid cooling system will automatically start to dissipate the battery.
  • the liquid cooling system will shut down, thus realizing substantial energy saving.
  • Liquid-cooled plate and tube heat exchangers are generally connected to the refrigeration system of electric vehicles, and special refrigeration systems can also be used.
  • the heat exchange system When the heat exchange system is an external air-cooled module, when the temperature of the lithium battery is higher than the first set value, such as 35°C, the fan automatically starts, and a micro heat pipe is attached to the surface of the battery cell and/or battery module
  • the evaporation section (or evaporation section and heat transfer section) of the array absorbs heat and conducts it to the condensation section of the micro heat pipe array.
  • the condensation section conducts the heat through the battery pack shell to the external air-cooled fins attached to it to exchange the heat.
  • the air-cooling system is in a standby state, that is, when the battery heats up during the parking of the electric vehicle, the fan can automatically start the fan to dissipate heat, greatly suppressing major safety risks such as thermal runaway.
  • An electric heater is installed in the evaporation section (or lower surface) of the micro heat pipe array.
  • the control system will automatically shut down the cooling system and energize the electric heater.
  • the electric heater quickly generates heat after being energized, and the heat is quickly and evenly transferred to other parts of the micro heat pipe array, thereby preheating the battery and/or battery module quickly and evenly.
  • the thermally conductive gasket has the functions of heat conduction, electrical insulation, and good contact between the micro heat pipe array and the battery.
  • the air duct of the external air-cooled module is a static pressure box method or a fan evenly distributed method to ensure that the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet air of the air-cooled module is small, so that the temperature difference of all batteries is not higher than 5°C.
  • each of the micro heat pipe arrays is arranged horizontally and inclinedly, the inclination angle ⁇ is not less than 1°, and the end which is attached to the side of the battery and/or battery module and located on the upper side is condensed Section, which is attached to the other side of the battery and/or battery module and located on the lower side is the evaporation section, so that the working fluid in the condensing section in the micro heat pipe quickly flows back to the evaporation section by gravity, which improves the transfer of the micro heat pipe Thermal efficiency.
  • one or two liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchangers are arranged outside each battery pack, which can effectively conduct the temperature inside the battery, prevent the temperature from being too high, and ensure that the temperature of the battery is uniform. High heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the contact area between the condensing section of the micro heat pipe array and the thermally conductive partition can be larger, and the heat conduction efficiency can be increased.
  • the present invention effectively combines the micro heat pipe array with high-efficiency heat transfer with liquid cooling and/or air cooling, and automatically controls the opening mode of the cooling mode according to the temperature, and further adopts the relative arrangement of the micro heat pipe array and the battery or battery module Relationship, so that an external liquid-cooled plate and tube heat exchanger and/or external air-cooled fins are arranged outside each battery pack, which can effectively conduct the temperature inside the battery, prevent the temperature from being too high, and ensure the temperature of the battery Uniformity, high heat dissipation efficiency, and separation of dry and wet at the same time, solves the problems of high potential safety hazards and large damage to the battery of the existing liquid cooling module.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management structure of a vertical single battery
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management structure of a single vertical battery from another perspective
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management structure of a vertical battery module formed by two battery cells in series;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management structure of a vertical battery module formed by two battery cells connected in series from another perspective;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management structure of all modules in the vertical battery pack
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management structure of all modules in the vertical battery pack from another perspective
  • Fig. 7 is a plan view of a micro heat pipe array of a vertical single battery
  • Fig. 8 is a plan view of a vertical micro heat pipe array of a battery module formed by connecting two battery cells in series;
  • Embodiment 9 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of Figure 9 after being assembled
  • Figure 11 is an enlarged top view of a single battery or battery module of the embodiment 1-5;
  • Embodiment 12 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of Figure 12 after being assembled
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of embodiment 3 after assembly
  • Embodiment 4 of the present invention is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of Figure 15 after being assembled
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 5.
  • Embodiment 6 of the present invention is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of Figure 18 after being assembled
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of Embodiment 7.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of Figure 21 after being assembled
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of Fig. 22 from another angle
  • Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of embodiment 8 after assembly
  • Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of Figure 25 after being assembled
  • Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of Fig. 26 from another angle
  • Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of embodiment 10 after assembly
  • Fig. 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the battery unit of Example 11-15.
  • the battery and/or battery module are vertical, including a battery pack and a liquid-cooled plate tube heat exchanger 7 attached to the outer side of the battery pack shell 6.
  • the battery pack is formed by sequentially superimposing two single cells 1 and three battery modules 2, wherein the single cell 1 is one at the front and the back, and three battery modules 2 are sandwiched in the middle, a total of eight cells are connected in series.
  • the single cell 1 and the battery module 2 can be replaced with a flexible packaged battery module formed by a combination of soft packaged single cells with a structural strength outer shell.
  • Each battery cell is placed vertically, the battery electrode faces upwards, and the surface of the battery cell is laterally attached with a micro heat pipe array.
  • the micro heat pipe array is a heat conductor with enhanced heat transfer effect, which is formed by extruding a metal material.
  • the micro heat pipes are encapsulated with a phase change working fluid, which transfers heat through repeated evaporation and heat absorption and condensation of the phase change working fluid. .
  • the front faces of each group of the single cell 1 and the battery module 2 are attached to the two micro heat pipe arrays.
  • the two micro heat pipe arrays are spaced apart from each other, or they can be closely arranged together.
  • the battery and/ Or the back side of the battery module is attached to the micro heat pipe array attached to the front side of the adjacent single cell 1 or the battery module 2 superimposed on each other, and the micro heat pipe array attached to the front side of the cell and the back side of the adjacent cell is micro
  • the heat transfer section 4 of the heat pipe array, the heat transfer section 4 of the micro heat pipe array is the evaporation section when the battery needs to be cooled and dissipated, and the condensation section when the battery needs to be heated up.
  • each micro heat pipe array face the single cell 1 or battery After the side of the module 2 is bent, the vertical part is pasted on the two sides of each group of single cell 1 and battery module 2 by thermally conductive silica gel, which are the evaporation section 3 of the micro heat pipe array and the condensation section 5 of the micro heat pipe array.
  • thermally conductive silica gel which are the evaporation section 3 of the micro heat pipe array and the condensation section 5 of the micro heat pipe array.
  • the inside of the battery pack shell 6 is attached.
  • the battery pack shell 6 surrounds the battery pack to form a closed structure, and is attached to the micro heat pipe array evaporation section 3 and the micro heat pipe array condensation section 5, and at least the part that is attached to the micro heat pipe array condensation section 5 is a thermally conductive separator,
  • the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger 7 is attached to at least the outer surface of the thermally conductive baffle, so as to exchange heat with the condensation section 5 of the micro heat pipe array through the thermally conductive baffle.
  • the base plate of the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger 7 has a refrigerant inlet 8 and a refrigerant outlet 9 connected to the refrigeration system of the electric vehicle to form a liquid cooling system.
  • One side surface of the base plate of the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger 7 is welded to the outer surface of the battery pack shell 6, and it can also be connected by a sealing ring to achieve complete physical isolation between the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger 7 and the internal electric core, ensuring The protection level of the battery pack reaches IP67.
  • each of the micro heat pipe arrays is arranged laterally obliquely, and the inclination angle ⁇ is greater than 1°, which is 10° in this embodiment. It is located on the upper side and is connected to the single cell 1 or battery.
  • One end of the module 2 attached to the side surface is the micro heat pipe array condensing section 5, and the end located on the lower side and attached to the other side of the single cell 1 or the battery module 2 is the micro heat pipe array evaporation section 3.
  • an electric heater 14 is also provided on the outer surface of the evaporation section 3 of the micro heat pipe array.
  • the evaporation section of the micro heat pipe can also be regarded as a heating section of the micro heat pipe;
  • a compressible and deformable thermally conductive gasket 13 is arranged between the array and the single cells 1 and the battery module 2, and the thermally conductive gasket has the functions of conducting heat, electrical insulation and ensuring good contact between the micro heat pipe array and the battery.
  • the thermal management system of this embodiment further includes an automatic control system and a cell temperature detection unit, and the automatic control system is respectively connected to the cell temperature detection unit and the electric vehicle refrigeration system.
  • the heat transfer section 4 of the heat pipe array absorbs the heat of the single cell 1 and the battery module 2, and conducts it to the condensation section 5 of the micro heat pipe array on the side of the single cell 1 and the battery module 2, and then the condensation section conducts the heat to it
  • the heat-conducting baffle is fitted, which conducts heat to the liquid-cooled plate tube heat exchanger 7 which is bonded to the outer surface of the heat-conducting baffle and connected to the refrigeration system of the electric vehicle.
  • the core is physically separated from the external cold source; when the temperature of the cell detected by the detection unit is higher than the first set value 35°C, the control system automatically starts the refrigeration system of the electric vehicle, thereby using the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger 7.
  • the heat-conducting baffle and the micro heat pipe array dissipate the electric core and exchange the heat of the electric core; when the temperature of the electric core is lower than 35° C., the refrigeration system of the electric vehicle stops cooling to the liquid cooling system.
  • the control system When the ambient temperature is lower than the second set value, such as 0°C, the control system will automatically turn off the cooling system at this time, and energize the electric heater 14 set at the evaporation section 3 of the micro heat pipe array, such as PTC thermistor or electric heating
  • the film, PTC thermistor or electric heating film quickly heats up after being energized, and the heat is quickly and evenly transferred from the evaporation section 3 of the micro heat pipe array to the heat transfer section 4 and the condensation section 5 of the micro heat pipe array, thereby preheating the single cell quickly and uniformly 1 and battery module 2.
  • the thermal management system of this embodiment includes a battery pack, a liquid-cooled plate tube heat exchanger 7 attached to the outside of the battery pack shell 6, and an external air-cooling module 10, batteries and / Or the battery module is vertical.
  • the battery pack and the battery pack shell are the same as in Example 1.
  • the liquid-cooled plate tube heat exchanger 7 is attached to at least the outer surface of the thermally conductive partition, and exchanges heat with the micro heat pipe array condensing section 5 through the thermally conductive partition.
  • One side surface of the substrate is connected to the outer surface of the battery pack shell 6
  • the outer surface is welded and can also be connected by a sealing ring to achieve complete physical isolation between the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger 7, the external air-cooled module 10 and the internal battery cell, ensuring that the protection level of the battery pack reaches IP67.
  • the base plate of the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger 7 has a refrigerant inlet 8 and a refrigerant outlet 9, which are connected to the refrigeration system of an electric vehicle to form a liquid cooling system of the battery; the external air-cooling module 10 serves as an air-cooling system and is attached to the
  • the surface of the liquid-cooled plate and tube heat exchanger 7 has a plurality of air-cooled fins 11 inside, and a fan 12 is provided on one side of the air-cooled fin 11.
  • a compressible and deformable thermally conductive gasket 13 is provided between the micro heat pipe array and the single cells 1 and the battery module 2.
  • the thermally conductive gasket 13 has thermal conductivity, electrical insulation and micro The function of the heat pipe array in good contact with the battery; an electric heater 14 is also provided on the outer surface of the evaporation section 3 of the micro heat pipe array. When the electric heater 11 is activated, the evaporation section of the micro heat pipe can also be regarded as a heating section of the micro heat pipe.
  • the thermal management system of this embodiment further includes an automatic control system and a cell temperature detection unit, and the automatic control system is connected to the cell temperature detection unit, the electric vehicle refrigeration system, the electric heater 14 and the fan 12 respectively.
  • the micro heat pipe array evaporation section 3 attached to the side of the single cell 1 and the battery module 2 is attached to the front and/or back
  • the heat transfer section 4 of the micro heat pipe array absorbs the heat of the single cell 1 and the battery module 2, and exchanges heat with the condensation section 5 of the micro heat pipe array on the other side of the single cell 1 and the battery module 2, and then the condensing section transfers the heat Conducted to the thermally conductive baffle attached to it, and the thermally conductive baffle conducts heat to the liquid-cooled plate tube heat exchanger 7 and the external air cooling module 10 attached to the outer surface of the thermally conductive baffle and connected to the refrigeration system of the electric vehicle .
  • the fan 12 automatically starts to dissipate heat; when the detected battery temperature is higher than the second set value, such as 40°C, the start liquid The cooling system dissipates heat from the battery. When the battery temperature is lower than 35°C, the liquid cooling system stops.
  • the control system When the ambient temperature is lower than the third set value, such as 0°C, the control system will automatically turn off the cooling system and energize the electric heater 14 set at the evaporation section 3 of the micro heat pipe array, such as PTC thermistor or electric heating When the membrane is energized, the PTC thermistor or electric heating membrane quickly heats up after being energized.
  • the evaporation section 3 of the micro heat pipe array absorbs heat and evaporates, and it is quickly and evenly transferred to the heat transfer section 4 and the condensation section 5 of the micro heat pipe array, thereby preheating quickly and uniformly Single cell 1 and battery module 2.
  • the air duct of the air-cooled module 10 in this embodiment is a static pressure box 15, as shown in FIG. 14, other structures
  • the working mode is similar to Embodiment 2, ensuring that the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet air of the air-cooled module is small, so that the temperature difference of all batteries is not higher than 5°C.
  • the thermal management system of this embodiment includes a battery pack and an external air-cooling module 10 attached to the outer side of the battery pack shell 6.
  • the battery and/or battery module are vertical.
  • the battery pack and the battery pack shell are the same as in Example 1.
  • An external air-cooling module 10 is arranged outside the battery pack, and the external air-cooling module 10 is at least attached to the outer surface of the thermally conductive partition, so as to exchange heat with the condensation section 5 of the micro heat pipe array through the thermally conductive partition.
  • the side surface is welded to the outer surface of the battery pack shell 6, and can also be connected by a sealing ring to achieve complete physical isolation between the external air-cooled module 7 and the internal battery cell, and ensure that the protection level of the battery pack reaches IP67.
  • a compressible and deformable thermally conductive gasket 13 is provided between the micro heat pipe array and the single cells 1 and the battery module 2.
  • the thermally conductive gasket 13 has thermal conductivity, electrical insulation and micro The function of the heat pipe array in good contact with the battery; an electric heater 14 is also provided on the outer surface of the evaporation section 3 of the micro heat pipe array. When the electric heater 14 is activated, the evaporation section of the micro heat pipe can also be regarded as a heating section of the micro heat pipe.
  • the air-cooled thermal management system of a vertical lithium battery pack with a high protection level of this embodiment further includes an automatic control system and a cell temperature detection unit, and the automatic control system is connected to the cell temperature detection unit and the electric heater 14 connection.
  • a high-protection air-cooled battery pack thermal management method using the above thermal management system a micro heat pipe array heat transfer section 4 attached to the front of the single cell 1 and battery module 2 and a micro heat pipe array attached to the side
  • the heat transfer section absorbs the heat of the single cell 1 and the battery module 2 to evaporate, and conducts it to the condensation section 5 of the micro heat pipe array on the other side of the single cell 1 and the battery module 2, and then the condensation section conducts the heat to it Laminated thermally conductive baffle, the thermally conductive baffle conducts heat to the external air-cooled module 7 which is bonded to the outer surface of the thermally conductive baffle.
  • the control system automatically starts The external air-cooling module 7 is turned on and the fan 9 is turned on, so that the external air-cooling module 7, the thermal conductive baffle and the micro heat pipe array are used to dissipate the heat of the battery core and exchange the heat of the battery core;
  • the external air cooling module 6 is closed and no longer heat dissipation.
  • the control system When the ambient temperature is lower than the second set value, such as 0°C, the control system will automatically turn off the cooling system at this time, and energize the electric heater 14 set at the evaporation section 3 of the micro heat pipe array, such as PTC thermistor or electric heating When the membrane is energized, the PTC thermistor or the electric heating membrane quickly generates heat. The heat is quickly and evenly transferred from the evaporation section 3 of the micro heat pipe array to the heat transfer section 4 and the condensation section 5 of the micro heat pipe array, thereby preheating the sheet quickly and uniformly Body cell 1 and battery module 2.
  • the second set value such as 0°C
  • the air duct of the air-cooled module 10 is a static pressure box 15 mode, as shown in Fig. 17, other structures And the working mode is similar to Example 4.
  • a battery pack thermal management system of this embodiment includes a battery pack and a liquid-cooled plate tube heat exchanger 7 attached to the outside of the battery pack shell 6.
  • the battery and/or battery module are In the horizontal type, the batteries in the battery pack are divided into four layers, each of which has three longitudinal and transverse layers.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the three single cells 1 in each horizontal layer are respectively attached to two sets of micro heat pipe arrays 16 extending in the horizontal direction.
  • the micro heat pipe array 16 is pasted on the surface of the single cell 1 by thermally conductive silica gel, spaced apart from each other, or can be closely arranged together.
  • the part of the micro heat pipe array 16 that is attached to the battery unit 5 is the evaporation section.
  • the portion of the micro heat pipe array 16 whose length is greater than that of each group of cells forms a protruding portion 17, and the protruding portion 17 serves as a condensation section.
  • a battery pack shell 6 is arranged outside the battery pack, and the battery pack shell 6 encloses a closed structure.
  • the protruding part 17 of each micro heat pipe array 16 is bent in the vertical direction of the plane of the micro heat pipe array, and the vertical part is attached to the inside of the battery pack shell 1, wherein the battery pack shell 6 corresponds to the condensation section for heat conduction Clapboard.
  • the liquid-cooled plate tube heat exchanger 7 is attached to at least the outer surface of the thermally conductive separator, and exchanges heat with the elongated portion 17 of the micro heat pipe array 16 through the thermally conductive separator.
  • One surface of the substrate is connected to the battery pack.
  • the outer surface of the outer shell 6 is welded and can also be connected by a sealing ring to achieve complete physical isolation between the liquid-cooled plate tube heat exchanger 7 and the internal battery, and ensure that the protection level of the battery pack reaches IP67.
  • the liquid-cooled plate tube heat exchanger 7 is connected with the refrigeration system of the electric vehicle to form a liquid-cooling system of the battery.
  • the extension part of the micro heat pipe array 16 located on the upper plane of each group of cells is bent downward, and the extension part of the micro heat pipe array 16 located on the lower plane is bent upward. It is enclosed inside to resist outward displacement of the single cell 1 located on the outside.
  • the base plate of the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger 2 has a refrigerant inlet 8 and a refrigerant outlet 9, which are connected to the refrigeration system of an electric vehicle.
  • a compressible and deformable thermally conductive gasket 13 may be provided between the micro heat pipe array 16 and the single cell 1.
  • the single cell 5 can be replaced with a flexible packaging battery module composed of a combination of two or more flexible packaging single cells with a structural strength outer shell.
  • This embodiment also includes an automatic control system and a cell temperature detection unit, and the automatic control system is respectively connected with the cell temperature detection unit and the electric vehicle refrigeration system.
  • the evaporation section of the micro heat pipe array 6 attached to both sides of the battery unit 5 absorbs the heat of each battery unit 5 and conducts it to the condensation section formed by the extension at one end of the micro heat pipe array 6 , And then the condensing section conducts heat to the thermally conductive baffle 8 attached to it, and the thermally conductive baffle 8 conducts heat to the liquid-cooled plate tube that is attached to the outer surface of the thermally conductive baffle 8 and connected to the refrigeration system of the electric vehicle.
  • the control system automatically starts the refrigeration system of the electric vehicle, so as to use the liquid-cooled plate tube heat exchanger 2, the thermal conductive baffle and the micro heat pipe array to pair
  • the electric core dissipates heat and exchanges the heat of the electric core; when the temperature of the battery unit 5 is lower than 35° C., the refrigeration system of the electric vehicle stops cooling to the liquid cooling system.
  • the lower surface of the micro heat pipe array may also be provided with an electric heater 14, such as an electric heating film, which heats the electric heating film 8 when the battery temperature is lower than a set temperature, and heats the battery through the micro heat pipe array. At this time, the cooling system stops running.
  • a thermal management system for a lithium battery pack in this embodiment includes a battery pack, a liquid-cooled plate tube heat exchanger 7 attached to the outside of the battery pack shell 6 and an external fan 12
  • the air-cooled fin 11, the battery and/or the battery module are horizontal, and the battery pack and the battery pack shell are the same as in Embodiment 6, wherein the battery pack shell 1 corresponds to the condensing section as a thermally conductive separator.
  • the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger 7 is attached to at least the outer surface of the thermally conductive separator, and exchanges heat with the elongated portion 17 of the micro heat pipe array 16 through the thermally conductive separator 8.
  • the protruding part 17 of the micro heat pipe array 16 on the upper plane of each group of the single chip 1 is bent downward, and the protruding part 17 on the lower plane is bent upward.
  • the two surround the battery cell Inside, to resist outward displacement of the single chip 1 located on the outside.
  • the base plate of the liquid-cooled plate-tube heat exchanger 7 has a refrigerant inlet 8 and a refrigerant outlet 9, which are connected to the refrigeration system of an electric vehicle.
  • a compressible and deformable thermally conductive gasket 13 may be provided between the micro heat pipe array 16 and the single cell 1.
  • the single cell 1 can be replaced with a flexible packaging battery module composed of a combination of two or more flexible packaging single cells with a structural strength outer shell.
  • This embodiment also includes an automatic control system and a cell temperature detection unit, and the automatic control system is respectively connected to the cell temperature detection unit, a fan, and an electric vehicle refrigeration system.
  • the evaporation section of the micro heat pipe array 16 attached to the double-sided surfaces of each group of single cells 1 absorbs the heat of each single cell 1 and conducts it to the extension part located at one end of the micro heat pipe array 16
  • the condensing section constituted by 17, and then the condensing section conducts heat to the thermally conductive baffle attached to it, and the thermally conductive baffle conducts heat to the liquid cold plate attached to the outer surface of the thermally conductive baffle and connected to the refrigeration system of the electric vehicle Tube heat exchanger 7 and external air-cooled fins 11. Regardless of whether the electric vehicle is driving or parking, the air cooling system is in standby mode.
  • the liquid cooling system When the temperature of the lithium battery reaches the first set value of 35°C, the liquid cooling system does not start at first, the fan 12 starts automatically, and the heat passes through the liquid cooling plate tube The heat exchanger 7 is transferred to the external air-cooled fins 11 for heat exchange.
  • the air-cooled fins automatically dissipate heat, so as to realize non-refrigeration and energy-saving heat dissipation in seasons other than the summer high temperature season, as well as when the electric vehicle is stopped, that is, the cooling system is stopped. Automatic heat dissipation during heat generation greatly suppresses major safety risks such as thermal runaway.
  • the car's refrigeration system is automatically used for liquid cooling until the system drops to the first set value of 35°C.
  • the liquid cooling system is shut down, so as to achieve the cooling demand and safety guarantee as well as substantial energy saving.
  • the air duct of the air-cooled module in this embodiment is a static pressure box mode, as shown in Figure 24, other structures and working methods are similarly implemented Example 7.
  • the lithium battery pack thermal management system of this embodiment includes a battery pack and an external air-cooling module 10 attached to the outside of the battery pack shell 6.
  • the battery and/or battery module are horizontal, so
  • the external air cooling module includes a fan 12 and an air cooling fin 11.
  • the battery pack and the battery pack shell are the same as in Embodiment 6, wherein the battery pack shell 1 corresponds to the condensation section as a thermally conductive separator.
  • the external air-cooling module 10 and the elongated portion 17 of the micro heat pipe array 16 perform heat exchange through the thermally conductive separator, and one side surface of the substrate is welded to the outer surface of the battery pack casing 6, or it can be connected by a sealing ring, Realize the complete physical isolation between the external structure and the internal single cell 1 to ensure that the protection level of the battery pack reaches IP67.
  • the fans 12 may be distributed as evenly as possible.
  • the protruding part of the micro heat pipe array 16 on the upper plane of each group of the single cells 1 is bent downward, and the one on the lower plane is bent upward.
  • the battery core 1 is enclosed inside to resist outward displacement of the single battery core 1 located outside.
  • a compressible and deformable thermally conductive gasket 7 may be provided between the micro heat pipe array 16 and the single cell 1.
  • the single cell 1 can be replaced with a flexible packaging battery module composed of a combination of two or more flexible packaging single cells with a structural strength outer shell.
  • This embodiment also includes an automatic control system and a cell temperature detection unit, and the automatic control system is connected to the cell temperature detection unit and the fan 12 respectively.
  • the evaporation section of the micro heat pipe array 16 attached to the double-sided surfaces of each group of single cells 1 absorbs the heat of each single cell 1 and conducts it to the extension part located at one end of the micro heat pipe array 16
  • the condensing section is formed, and the condensing section conducts heat to the thermally conductive baffle attached to it, and the thermally conductive baffle conducts the heat to the external air cooling module 10, and the air cooling fin 11 dissipates the heat under the action of the fan 12. Regardless of whether the electric vehicle is driving or parking, the air-cooling system is in standby mode.
  • the outer surface of the micro heat pipe array may also be provided with an electric heater 14, such as an electric heating film 8, which heats the electric heating film when the battery temperature is lower than a set temperature, and heats the battery through the micro heat pipe array.
  • the fan stops running at this time.
  • the air duct of the air-cooled module in this embodiment is a static pressure box method, as shown in Figure 28, other structures and working methods are similarly implemented Example 9.
  • FIG. 29 The internal structure of the battery in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 29, only the lower side has a micro heat pipe array, and both sides have extensions 61 and are bent upward.
  • the other structures and principles are the same as those in Embodiment 6-10.

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Abstract

一种锂电池包热管理系统及方法，包括电池包内部的一层或多层电池和/或电池模组、电池包外壳（6）、换热系统，其中所述电池和/或电池模组表面贴合微热管阵列，所述微热管阵列贴合所述电池和/或电池模组表面的部分为蒸发段（3），所述微热管阵列至少有一端伸出所述电池和/或电池模组的表面，伸出部分作为冷凝段（5）与电池包外壳（6）贴合；所述电池包外壳（6）围绕所述电池包且为封闭结构，所述电池包外壳（6）至少在对应所述冷凝段（5）处为导热隔板；所述换热系统至少对应贴合所述导热隔板的外表面，且通过所述电池包外壳（6）与所述电池和/或电池模组完全物理隔离。该系统具有散热效率高、干湿分离、防止漏液的优势。

Description

一种锂电池包热管理系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种锂电池包热管理系统及方法，属于电动汽车的电池包散热领域。
背景技术
锂电包的热管理不仅对电池寿命至关重要，也对电池的安全性至关重要。
传统的电池包热管理方法—空冷技术不仅不能满足锂电池包的防护等级的要求，而且由于风冷系统进出口温差大，造成电芯及电芯之间较大的温差，对锂电池的伤害大，因此目前看基本没有使用价值。
传统的具有高防护等级的锂电池包热管理方法一般采用液冷模式，目前大部分厂家采用的液冷底板，即只在电池模组的底部设置单一的液冷板，而电池模组的底部单一液冷板散热方式会造成电池单体内部上下很大的温度差，在快速充放电以及低温预热时，对电池的伤害较大。只有特斯拉采用所有电池全侧表面液冷模式。但目前液冷介质采用防冻液或者制冷介质直接冷却，后者相当于直膨式蒸发器。制冷介质直膨式冷却由于制冷介质温度过低，对电池会造成严重的冷冲击以及造成电池内部极大的温差，对电池造成很大的伤害，也基本没有实用价值。使用较多的是防冻液，防冻液中含有水，对于焊接部位多的液冷底板，在使用过程中，焊接部位容易破损，导致内部防冻液泄露；对于特斯拉使用到全侧面到液冷管，其焊接口虽然位于电池包到外部，一旦撞击，电芯之间的液冷管破坏，也会造成防冻液泄露，且焊接口在全侧面分布，焊接口被破坏的概率大。不论哪种情况，泄露的防冻液如果与电池包中的电池接触则会使电池包短路，都会造成严重的安全事故。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术锂电池包热管理系统安全隐患大、散热效率低、对电池伤害大的问题，本发明提出一种锂电池包热管理系统及方法。
本发明的技术方案：
一种锂电池包热管理系统，其特征在于包括电池包内部的一层或多层电池和/或电池模组、电池包外壳、换热系统，其中所述电池和/或电池模组表面贴合微热管阵列，所述微热管阵列贴合所述电池和/或电池模组表面的部分为蒸发段，所述微热管阵列的长度大于其覆盖的该层的所述电池和/或电池模组在一个方向的跨度，且至少有一端伸出所述电池和/或电池模组的表面，伸出部分作为冷凝段与电池包外壳贴合；所述电池包外壳围绕所述电池包且为封闭 结构，所述电池包外壳至少在对应所述冷凝段处为导热隔板；所述换热系统至少对应贴合所述导热隔板的外表面，且通过所述电池包外壳与所述电池和/或电池模组完全物理隔离。
优选的所述换热系统为液冷板管换热器，所述液冷板管换热器至少对应贴合所述导热隔板的外表面，且所述液冷板管换热器与电池包外部制冷系统连接，所述液冷板管换热器的基板密封，并通过所述电池包外壳与所述电池和/或电池模组完全物理隔离；
或所述换热系统为液冷板管换热器和外置空冷模块，所述液冷板管换热器至少对应贴合所述导热隔板的外表面，且所述液冷板管换热器与电池包外部的制冷系统连接，所述外置空冷模块内部具有空冷翅片，侧面具有风扇，所述空冷翅片的基板贴合于所述液冷板管换热器外侧，所述液冷板管换热器的基板与所述外置空冷模块的基板均为密封，并通过电池包外壳与电池和/或电池模组完全物理隔离；
或所述换热系统为外置空冷模块，所述外置空冷模块紧贴所述电池包外壳具有导热隔板一面的外表面，所述外置空冷模块内部具有空冷翅片，侧面具有风扇。
优选的所述电池和/或电池模组为立式，多层叠加分布，且每层包括彼此在水平方向叠加的多组，每组所述电池和/或电池模组的正面横向贴合至少一个微热管阵列，所述微热管阵列的长度大于所述电池和/或电池模组的宽度且两端是弯折的，所述微热管阵列贴合所述电池和/或电池模组正面部分的为传热段，弯折的垂直部分与所述电池和/或电池模组的两个侧面贴合分别作为蒸发段和冷凝段，且也与对应的电池包外壳贴合；所述电池和/或电池模组的反面与相邻所述电池和/或电池模组的正面贴合的所述微热管阵列贴合。
进一步优选的每个所述微热管阵列横向倾斜布置，倾角不小于1°，位于上侧且与所述电池和/或电池模组的侧面贴合的一端为冷凝段，位于下侧且与所述电池和/或电池模组的另一侧面贴合的一端为蒸发段。
优选的所述电池和/或电池模组为卧式，多层叠加分布，每层包括多组，每组包括多个，每组所述电池或电池模组的上表面和/或表面分别贴合有所述微热管阵列，所述微热管阵列的长度至少大于其覆盖的该层的所述电池或电池模组在一个方向的跨度，且至少有一端伸出所述电池和/或电池模组的表面，伸出部分作为冷凝段与电池包外壳贴合。
进一步优选的每组所述电池和/或电池模组的上下双侧表面贴合所述微热管阵列，每侧表面贴合至少一个所述微热管阵列，每个所述微热管阵列至少有一端伸出部分，且伸出部分向所述微热管阵列平面的垂直方向弯折，位于下侧的所述微热管阵列的向上弯曲部分为冷凝段，与导热隔板贴合，用于散热，位于上侧的所述微热管阵列的向下弯曲的部分为蒸发段，贴合或连接有加热器，用于电池加热。
或进一步优选的每组所述电池和/或电池模组的上下表面中一个表面贴合至少一个所述 微热管阵列，两端的伸出部分向同侧弯折并与导热隔板贴合。
优选的所述液冷板管换热器的基板与所述电池包外壳的外表面通过密封圈连接或者焊接，所述电池包外壳为IP67级别。
优选的所述微热管阵列与所述电池和/或电池模组之间设置有可压缩变形的导热垫片。
优选的所述微热管阵列的下表面设置有加热器。
进一步优选的包括自动控制系统和电芯温度检测单元，所述自动控制系统分别与所述电芯温度检测单元、电动汽车制冷系统和所述加热器连接。
优选的所述微热管阵列是由金属材料经挤压形成的具有多孔结构的扁平状的导热体，内部具有多个并排排列的互不连通且独立运行的微热管，且每个微热管的水力直径为0.2-3.0mm，内部相变工质为非导电介质。
一种锂电池包热管理方法，其特征在于前述的热管理系统，微热管阵列将热量吸收后通过导热隔板将热量传导至与导热隔板的外表面贴合的换热系统换出。
优选的所述电池或电池模组为立式，每组电池和/或电池模组的一个侧面贴合的蒸发段和正面贴合的微热管阵列的传热段吸收每个电池单元的热量，将热量传导至与每组电池和/或电池模组的另一个侧面贴合的微热管阵列的冷凝段，然后通过与所述冷凝段贴合的导热隔板将热量传导至与导热隔板的外表面贴合的换热系统换出。
优选的所述电池或电池模组为卧式，电池和/或电池模组表面贴合的微热管阵列的蒸发段吸收电池和/或电池模组的热量，将热量传导至伸出部分的冷凝段，然后通过导热隔板将热量传导至与导热隔板的外表面贴合的换热系统换出。
优选的所述换热系统为与电池包外部制冷系统相连接的液冷板管换热器，当所检测的电芯温度高于第一设定值时，控制系统自动启动制冷系统，带动所述液冷板管换热器启动，对所述电池包进行散热，当电芯温度低于第一设定值时，制冷系统停止向液冷板管换热器供冷。
进一步优选的当电池温度低于第二设定温度时加热直接或间接与微热管阵列接触的加热器，并通过微热管阵列加热电池，此时制冷系统停止运行。
优选的所述换热系统为与电池包外部制冷系统液冷板管换热器和带有风扇的外置空冷翅片，通过导热隔板将热量传导至与导热隔板的外表面贴合的液冷板管换热器以及外置空冷翅片，当所检测的电芯温度达到第一设定值时，控制系统首先开启风扇，由外置空冷翅片进行自动散热，当所检测的电芯温度达到大于所述第一设定值的第三设定值时，控制系统自动启动制冷系统，带动液冷板管换热器启动，与外置空冷翅片同时对电芯进行散热。
进一步优选的当电池温度低于第二设定值时加热直接或间接与微热管阵列接触的加热器，并通过所述微热管阵列与电池和/或电池模组热交换，此时风扇和制冷系统停止运行。
优选的所述换热系统为外置空冷模块，当所检测的电芯温度高于第一设定值时，控制系统自动启动风扇，由外置空冷模块的翅片进行自动散热；当电芯温度低于第一设定值时，风扇停止运行。
进一步优选的当电池温度低于第二设定值时，加热直接或间接与微热管阵列接触的加热器并通过所述微热管阵列与电池和/或电池模组热交换，此时风扇停止运行。
本发明的有益技术效果：
本发明的一种锂电池包热管理系统，采用间接的液冷方式、或液冷和空气两种冷却方式、或空气冷却的方式管理电池包的温度，在卧式或立式放置的电池(电芯)和/或电池模组的表面橫向贴合微热管阵列导热体，将热量通过导热隔板传输给换热系统，即与制冷系统连接的液冷板管换热器和/或外置空冷模块。
当为立式时，一方面，每组微热管阵列与立式电池(电芯)和/或电池模组的正面贴合作为传热段，且两端弯折后垂直部分与电池和/或电池模组的两个侧面贴合分别作为蒸发段和冷凝段，冷凝段再与导热隔板贴合，通过蒸发段和传热段将电池热量传递至冷凝段，微热管与电池和/或电池模组以及导热隔板的接触面积增大，极大增加导热效率；另一方面，多组依次叠加排列时，每组所述电池和/或电池模组仅正面贴合所述微热管阵列，反面则与相邻组的正面贴合的所述微热管阵列贴合，确保使用更少的微热管使每组电池和/或电池模组的正面、反面和两个均贴合微热管阵列，从而实现使用更少的微热管和换热系统即可将位于内部的电芯热量传递出来，保证立式放置的电池包的温度均匀，散热效率高、成本低。
当为卧式时，与上述过程类似，此外微热管阵列与每组电芯的单侧或双侧表面贴合，优选的为双侧表面，这样即使位于内部的电芯，其温度也能够通过与之贴合的微热管阵列在两端有效传导给与其贴合的导热隔板，进而传导至电池外部，散热效率高。
由于微热管阵列是由金属材料经挤压形成的具有多孔结构的扁平状的导热体，内部具有多个并排排列的互不连通的微热管，且每个微热管的水力直径只有0.2-3.0mm，甚至更小，管壁承压能力极高，因此泄露问题几乎可以忽略，且相变工质为微量不导电介质，即使极端情况下被损坏泄露，也不会引起电池的损坏；且导热隔板同时作为电芯的保护外壳，将液冷板管换热器、外置空冷翅片的基板与电池包隔开，并通过密封圈或者焊接等密封措施将液冷板管换热器的基板密封，实现与所述外壳体内的电芯完全物理隔离，有效防止液冷板管换热器内防冻液泄露，保证电池包的防护等级达到IP67防水和防尘等级，且空冷系统也不会具有液体污染的风险。
本发明的电池包热管理系统，换热系统为液冷板管换热器时，当电芯的温度高于第一设 定值时，如35℃，控制系统自动启动汽车的液冷系统，在电芯和/或电池模组的表面贴合的微热管阵列蒸发段(或蒸发段与传热段)吸收热量，并传导至微热管阵列冷凝段，冷凝段将热量通过电池包外壳传导至与之贴合的液冷板管换热器换出，液冷板管换热器一般与电动汽车制冷系统连接，亦可用专用的制冷系统；当电芯温度低于设定值时则停止液冷系统的冷却液循环。
所述换热系统为液冷板管换热器和外置空冷模块时，当所检测的电池温度高于第一设定值时，如35℃，首先自动启动风扇由外置空冷翅片进行散热，在电芯和/或电池模组的表面贴合的微热管阵列蒸发段(或蒸发段与传热段)吸收热量，并传导至微热管阵列冷凝段，冷凝段将热量通过电池包外壳传导至与之贴合的外置空冷翅片将热量换出，实现除夏季高温季节以外季节的非制冷节能散热，无论电动汽车处于开车还是停车状态，空冷系统都处于待机状态，因此在电动汽车停车期间也就是制冷系统停机期间电池发热时的自动散热，大幅抑制热失控等重大安全风险；在夏季高外气温等极端条件下，当所检测的电池温度高于第三设定值时，外置空冷翅片散热不能满足锂电池热控条件下，如40℃，自动启动液冷系统对电池进行散热，当电池温度低于35℃时，液冷系统停机，从而实现大幅的节能。液冷板管换热器一般与电动汽车制冷系统连接，亦可用专用的制冷系统。
所述换热系统为外置空冷模块时，当锂电池的温度高于第一设定值时，如35℃，风扇自动启动，在电芯和/或电池模组的表面贴合的微热管阵列蒸发段(或蒸发段与传热段)吸收热量，并传导至微热管阵列冷凝段，冷凝段将热量通过电池包外壳传导至与之贴合的外置空冷翅片将热量换出，实现非制冷节能散热，从而实现均匀散热和大幅的节能。无论电动汽车处于开车还是停车状态，空冷系统都处于待机状态，即在电动汽车停车期间电池发热时也能自动启动风扇进行散热，大幅抑制热失控等重大安全风险。
在微热管阵列的蒸发段(或下表面)设置有电加热器，当电芯温度低于第二设定值，如0℃时，此时控制系统自动关闭冷却系统，并给电加热器通电，电加热器通电后快速发热，热量快速均匀地传递至微热管阵列的其它部分，进而快速均匀地预热电池和/或电池模块。
所述导热垫片具有导热、电绝缘及保证微热管阵列与电池良好接触的功能。
所述外置空冷模块的风道为静压箱方式或风机均匀分布方式，保证风冷模块的进出风温度差小，以实现所有电池的温差不高于5℃。
优选的，当为立式时，每个所述微热管阵列横向倾斜布置，倾角β为不小于1°，与所述电池和/或电池模组的侧面贴合且位于上侧的一端为冷凝段，与所述电池和/或电池模组的另一侧面贴合且位于下侧的一端为蒸发段，使得位于微热管内冷凝段的工质靠重力快速回流至蒸发段，提高微热管传热效率。
优选的，当为卧式时，使得每个电池包的外部设置一个或两个液冷板管换热器，能够有效将电池内部的温度传导出去，防止温度过高，保证电池的温度均匀，散热效率高。伸出部分弯折设置后与导热隔板贴合，可以使得微热管阵列的冷凝段与导热隔板的接触面积更大，增加导热效率。
综上，本发明有效的将具有高效传热的微热管阵列与液冷和/或空冷方式结合并根据温度自动控制制冷模式的开启方式，进一步通过微热管阵列与电池或电池模组的相对排列关系，使得每个电池包的外部设置一个外置液冷板管式换热器和/或外置风冷翅片，能够有效将电池内部的温度传导出去，防止温度过高，保证电池的温度均匀，散热效率高，同时干湿分离，解决了现有液冷模块安全隐患大、对电池伤害大的问题。
附图说明
图1为立式单个电池的热管理结构示意图；
图2为立式单个电池的热管理结构在另一视角下的示意图；
图3为立式由两个电芯串联而成的电池模块的热管理结构示意图；
图4为立式由两个电芯串联而成的电池模块的热管理结构在另一视角下的示意图；
图5为立式电池包内所有模组的热管理结构示意图；
图6为立式电池包内所有模组热管理结构在另一视角下的示意图；
图7为立式单个电池的微热管阵列摆放平面图；
图8为立式由两个电芯串联而成的电池模块的微热管阵列摆放平面图；
图9为本发明的实施例1的分解结构示意图；
图10为图9组装后的示意图；
图11为实施例1-5单个电池或电池模块的俯视放大图；
图12为本发明的实施例2的分解结构示意图；
图13为图12组装后的示意图；
图14为实施例3组装后的的示意图；
图15为本发明的实施例4的分解结构示意图；
图16为图15组装后的示意图；
图17为实施例5的示意图；
图18为本发明的实施例6的分解结构示意图；
图19为图18组装后的示意图；
图20为实施例6-10电池一端的部分截面示意图；
图21为实施例7的分解结构示意图；
图22为图21组装后的示意图；
图23为图22另一角度示意图；
图24为实施例8组装后示意图；
图25为实施例9的分解结构示意图；
图26为图25组装后的示意图；
图27为图26另一角度示意图；
图28为实施例10组装后示意图；
图29为实施例11-15电池单元的截面示意图。
图中各标号列式如下：
1-单体电芯；2-电池模块；3-微热管阵列蒸发段；4-微热管阵列传热段；5-微热管阵列冷凝段；6-电池包外壳；7-液冷板管换热器；8-冷媒入口；9-冷媒出口；10-外置空冷模块；11-翅片；12-风扇；13-导热垫片；14-电加热器；15-静压箱；16-微热管阵列，17-伸出部分。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚理解本发明的内容，将通过附图和具体实施例详细说明。
实施例1
如图1-10所示，本实施例的热管理系统，电池和/或电池模组为立式，包括电池包和贴附于电池包外壳6外侧的液冷板管换热器7。所述电池包由两个单体电芯1和三个电池模块2依次叠加形成，其中单体电芯1前后各一个，中间夹着三个电池模块2，共计八个电芯串联。单体电芯1、电池模块2可以换成软质封装单体电池组合构成的外部有结构强度外壳的软包装电池模组。每个电芯立式放置，电池电极朝上，电芯的表面横向贴合有微热管阵列，所述微热管阵列是一种传热效果强化的导热体，为金属材料经挤压形成的具有多孔结构的扁平状的导热体，内部具有多个并排排列的互不连通的微热管，微热管内部封装有相变工质，通过相变工质反复的蒸发吸热和冷凝放热而传递热量。本实施例中每组所述单体电芯1和电池模块2的正面贴合两个所述微热管阵列，两个微热管阵列彼此间隔分布，也可以紧密排在一起，所述电池和/或电池模组的反面与相互叠加的相邻单体电芯1或电池模块2的正面贴合的所述微热管阵列贴合，贴合在电芯正面和相邻电芯的反面的为微热管阵列传热段4，微热管阵列传热段4在电池需要冷却散热时为蒸发段，在电池需要加热升温时作为冷凝段，每个微热管阵列的两端向单体电芯1或电池模块2的侧面弯折后垂直部分通过导热硅胶粘贴在每组单体电芯1和电池模组2的两个侧面分别为微热管阵列蒸发段3和微热管阵列冷凝段5，并与对 应的电池包外壳6内侧贴合。所述电池包外壳6围在电池包外形成封闭结构，与微热管阵列蒸发段3和微热管阵列冷凝段5贴合，且至少与微热管阵列冷凝段5贴合的部分为导热隔板，液冷板管换热器7至少与导热隔板的外表面贴合，从而与所述微热管阵列冷凝段5通过所述导热隔板进行热交换。液冷板管换热器7基板具有冷媒入口8和冷媒出口9与电动汽车的制冷系统连接，构成液冷系统。液冷板管换热器7的基板的一侧表面与电池包外壳6的外表面焊接，也可通过密封圈连接，实现液冷板管换热器7与内部电芯的完全物理隔离，保证电池包的防护等级达到IP67。
如图7-8所示，优选的，每个所述微热管阵列横向倾斜布置，倾角β为大于1°，本实施例为10°，位于上侧且与所述单体电芯1或电池模组2的侧面贴合的一端为微热管阵列冷凝段5，位于下侧且与所述单体电芯1或电池模组2的另一侧面贴合的一端为微热管阵列蒸发段3。
如图11所示，在微热管阵列蒸发段3的外表面还设置有电加热器14，当电加热器14启动时，微热管蒸发段也可以看做微热管加热段；在所述微热管阵列与单体电芯1、电池模组2之间设置有可压缩变形的导热垫片13，所述导热垫片具有导热、电绝缘及保证微热管阵列与电池良好接触的功能。
本实施例的热管理系统，还包括自动控制系统和电芯温度检测单元，自动控制系统分别与所述电芯温度检测单元和所述电动汽车制冷系统连接。
采用上述热管理系统的一种干湿分离的锂电池包液冷式热管理方法，在单体电芯1和电池模块2的一侧面贴合的微热管阵列蒸发段3和正面贴合的微热管阵列传热段4吸收单体电芯1和电池模块2的热量，并传导至位于单体电芯1和电池模块2侧面的微热管阵列冷凝段5，然后冷凝段将热量传导至与之贴合的导热隔板，导热隔板将热量传导至与导热隔板的外表面贴合、与电动汽车制冷系统相连接的液冷板管换热器7换出，同时导热隔板使得内部电芯与外面冷源物理隔离；当检测单元所检测的电芯的温度高于第一设定值35℃时，控制系统自动启动电动汽车的制冷系统，从而利用液冷板管换热器7、导热隔板和微热管阵列对电芯进行散热，将电芯的热量换出；当电芯的温度低于35℃时，电动汽车的制冷系统停止向所述液冷系统制冷。
当环境温度低于第二设定值，如0℃时，此时控制系统自动关闭冷却系统，并为微热管阵列蒸发段3处设置的电加热器14通电，如PTC热敏电阻或者电加热膜，PTC热敏电阻或者电加热膜通电后快速发热，热量由微热管阵列蒸发段3快速均匀地传递至微热管阵列传热段4和冷凝段5，进而快速均匀地预热单体电芯1和电池模块2。
实施例2
如图1-8、12-13所示，本实施例的热管理系统，包括电池包、贴附于电池包外壳6外侧的液冷板管换热器7以及外置空冷模块10，电池和/或电池模组为立式。电池包和电池包外壳部分同实施例1。液冷板管换热器7至少与导热隔板的外表面贴合，与所述微热管阵列冷凝段5通过所述导热隔板进行热交换，其基板的一侧表面与电池包外壳6的外表面焊接，也可通过密封圈连接，实现液冷板管换热器7、外置空冷模块10与内部电芯的完全物理隔离，保证电池包的防护等级达到IP67。所述液冷板管换热器7的基板具有冷媒入口8和冷媒出口9，与电动汽车的制冷系统连接构成电池的液冷系统；所述外置空冷模块10作为空冷系统，贴合在所述液冷板管式换热器7的表面，内部具有多个空冷翅片11，在空冷翅片11的一侧具有风扇12。
如图11所示，在所述微热管阵列与单体电芯1、电池模组2之间设置有可压缩变形的导热垫片13，所述导热垫片13具有导热、电绝缘及保证微热管阵列与电池良好接触的功能；在微热管阵列蒸发段3的外表面还设置有电加热器14，当电加热器11启动时，微热管蒸发段也可以看作微热管加热段。
本实施例的热管理系统，还包括自动控制系统和电芯温度检测单元，自动控制系统分别与所述电芯温度检测单元、所述电动汽车制冷系统连接、电加热器14和风扇12连接。
采用上述热管理系统的一种安全节能的锂电池包双模式热管理方法，在单体电芯1和电池模块2的侧面贴合的微热管阵列蒸发段3和正面和/或反面贴合的微热管阵列传热段4吸收单体电芯1和电池模块2的热量，并与位于单体电芯1和电池模块2另一侧面的微热管阵列冷凝段5换热，然后冷凝段将热量传导至与之贴合的导热隔板，导热隔板将热量传导至与导热隔板的外表面贴合、与电动汽车制冷系统相连接的液冷板管换热器7以及外置空冷模块10。当检测单元所检测的电芯的温度高于第一设定值，如35℃时，风扇12自动启动进行散热；当所检测的电池温度高于第二设定值时，如40℃，启动液冷系统对电池进行散热，当电池温度低于35℃时，液冷系统停机。
当环境温度低于第三设定值，如0℃时，此时控制系统自动关闭冷却系统，并为微热管阵列蒸发段3处设置的电加热器14通电，如PTC热敏电阻或者电加热膜通电，PTC热敏电阻或者电加热膜通电后快速发热，微热管阵列蒸发段3吸收热量蒸发，快速均匀地传递至微热管阵列的传热段4和冷凝段5，进而快速均匀地预热单体电芯1和电池模块2。
实施例3
为了保证外置空冷模块10的进出风温差小，以实现所有电池的温差不高于5℃，本实施例外置空冷模块10的风道为静压箱15方式，如图14所示，其它结构和工作方式类似实施例2，保证风冷模块的进出风温度差小，以实现所有电池的温差不高于5℃。
实施例4
如图1-8、15-16所示，本实施例的热管理系统，包括电池包和贴附于电池包外壳6外侧的外置空冷模块10，电池和/或电池模组为立式。电池包和电池包外壳部分同实施例1。电池包外设置外置空冷模块10，外置空冷模块10至少与导热隔板的外表面贴合，从而通过所述导热隔板与所述微热管阵列冷凝段5进行热交换，其基板的一侧表面与电池包外壳6的外表面焊接，也可通过密封圈连接，实现外置空冷模块7与内部电芯的完全物理隔离，保证电池包的防护等级达到IP67。
如图11所示，在所述微热管阵列与单体电芯1、电池模组2之间设置有可压缩变形的导热垫片13，所述导热垫片13具有导热、电绝缘及保证微热管阵列与电池良好接触的功能；在微热管阵列蒸发段3的外表面还设置有电加热器14，当电加热器14启动时，微热管蒸发段也可以看做微热管加热段。
本实施例的一种高防护等级的立式锂电池包空冷式热管理系统，还包括自动控制系统和电芯温度检测单元，自动控制系统与所述电芯温度检测单元和电加热器14相连接。
采用上述热管理系统的一种高防护等级的空冷式电池包热管理方法，在单体电芯1和电池模块2的正面贴合的微热管阵列传热段4和侧面贴合的微热管阵列传热段吸收单体电芯1和电池模块2的热量蒸发，并传导至位于单体电芯1和电池模块2另一侧面的微热管阵列冷凝段5，然后冷凝段将热量传导至与之贴合的导热隔板，导热隔板将热量传导至与导热隔板的外表面贴合的外置空冷模块7，当检测单元所检测的电芯的温度高于35℃时，控制系统自动启动外置空冷模块7，开启风扇9，从而利用外置空冷模块7、导热隔板和微热管阵列对电芯进行散热，将电芯的热量换出；当电芯的温度低于35℃时，外置空冷模块6关闭，不再散热。
当环境温度低于第二设定值，如0℃时，此时控制系统自动关闭冷却系统，并为微热管阵列蒸发段3处设置的电加热器14通电，如PTC热敏电阻或者电加热膜通电，PTC热敏电阻或者电加热膜通电后快速发热热量，热量由微热管阵列蒸发段3快速均匀地传递至微热管阵列的传热段4和冷凝段5，进而快速均匀地预热单体电芯1和电池模块2。
实施例5
为了保证外置空冷模块10的进出风温差小，以实现所有电池的温差不高于5℃，本实施例外置空冷模块10的风道为静压箱15方式，如图17所示，其它结构和工作方式类似实施例4。
实施例6
如图18-20所示，本实施例的一种电池包热管理系统，包括电池包和贴附于电池包外壳6 外侧的液冷板管换热器7，电池和/或电池模组为卧式，所述电池包内的电芯共分四层，每层纵向、横向各三个。其中每层横向的三个单体电芯1上下表面分别贴合两组沿横向延伸的微热管阵列16。其中所述微热管阵列16通过导热硅胶粘贴在单体电芯1的表面，彼此间隔分布，也可以紧密排在一起，微热管阵列16贴合了所述电池单元5的部分为蒸发段，所述微热管阵列16的长度大于每组电芯的部分形成伸出部分17，伸出部分17作为冷凝段。电池包外设置电池包外壳6，所述电池包外壳6围成封闭结构。每个所述微热管阵列16的伸出部分17向所述微热管阵列平面的垂直方向弯折，垂直部分与电池包外壳1内侧贴合，其中电池包外壳6对应所述冷凝段处为导热隔板。液冷板管换热器7至少与导热隔板的外表面贴合，与所述微热管阵列16的伸长部分17通过所述导热隔板进行热交换，其基板的一侧表面与电池包外壳6的外表面焊接，也可通过密封圈连接，实现液冷板管换热器7与内部的电池的完全物理隔离，保证电池包的防护等级达到IP67。所述液冷板管换热器7与电动汽车的制冷系统连接构成电池的液冷系统。
如图18所示，位于每组所述电芯上侧平面的微热管阵列16的伸出部分朝下弯折，位于下侧平面的朝上弯折，二者将每组单体电芯5包围在内部，以抵挡位于外侧的单体电芯1向外位移。
所述液冷板管换热器2的基板具有冷媒入口8和冷媒出口9，与电动汽车制冷系统连接。
另外，如图20所示在所述微热管阵列16与单体电芯1之间可设置有可压缩变形的导热垫片13。
单体电芯5可以换成由两个或以上软质封装单体电池组合构成的外部有结构强度外壳的软包装电池模组。
本实施例还包括自动控制系统和电芯温度检测单元，自动控制系统分别与所述电芯温度检测单元和所述电动汽车制冷系统连接。
使用时，在每组电池单元5的双侧表面贴合的微热管阵列6的蒸发段吸收每个电池单元5的热量，并传导至位于微热管阵列6的一端的伸出部分构成的冷凝段，然后冷凝段将热量传导至与之贴合的导热隔板8，导热隔板8将热量传导至与导热隔板8的外表面贴合、与电动汽车制冷系统相连接的液冷板管换热器2，当检测单元所检测的电池单元5的温度高于35℃时，控制系统自动启动电动汽车的制冷系统，从而利用液冷板管换热器2、导热隔板和微热管阵列对电芯进行散热，将电芯的热量换出；当电池单元5的温度低于35℃时，电动汽车的制冷系统停止向所述液冷系统制冷。如图3所示，所述微热管阵列的下表面还可以设置有电加热器14例如电加热膜，当电池温度低于设定温度时加热电加热膜8，并通过微热管阵列加热电池，此时冷却系统停止运行。
实施例7
如图21-23所示，本实施例的一种锂电池包热管理系统，包括电池包和贴附于电池包外壳6外侧的液冷板管换热器7和带有风扇12的外置空冷翅片11，电池和/或电池模组为卧式，电池包和电池包外壳部分同实施例6，其中电池包外壳1对应所述冷凝段处为导热隔板。液冷板管换热器7至少与导热隔板的外表面贴合，与所述微热管阵列16的伸长部分17通过所述导热隔板8进行热交换，其基板的一侧表面与电池包外壳6的外表面焊接，也可通过密封圈连接，实现液冷板管换热器2与内部的电池单元5的完全物理隔离，保证电池包的防护等级达到IP67。所述液冷板管换热器2与电动汽车的制冷系统连接构成电池的液冷系统。所述外置空冷翅片11的基板贴合于所述液冷板管换热器7外侧。为了保证风冷模块的进出风温差小，风扇12可尽量均匀分布。
如图21所示，位于每组所述单体芯片1上侧平面的微热管阵列16的伸出部分17向下弯折，位于下侧平面的朝上弯折，二者将电池单元包围在内部，以抵挡位于外侧的单体芯片1向外位移。
所述液冷板管换热器7的基板具有冷媒入口8和冷媒出口9，与电动汽车制冷系统连接。
另外，如图20所示在所述微热管阵列16与单体电芯1之间可设置有可压缩变形的导热垫片13。
单体电芯1可以换成由两个或以上软质封装单体电池组合构成的外部有结构强度外壳的软包装电池模组。
本实施例还包括自动控制系统和电芯温度检测单元，自动控制系统分别与所述电芯温度检测单元、风扇和电动汽车制冷系统连接。
使用时，在每组单体电芯1的双侧表面贴合的微热管阵列16的蒸发段吸收每个单体电芯1的热量，并传导至位于微热管阵列16的一端的伸出部分17构成的冷凝段，然后冷凝段将热量传导至与之贴合的导热隔板，导热隔板将热量传导至与导热隔板的外表面贴合、与电动汽车制冷系统相连接的液冷板管换热器7以及外置空冷翅片11。无论电动汽车处于开车还是停车状态，空冷系统都处于待机状态，当锂电池的温度达到第一设定值35℃时，首先液冷系统不启动，风扇12自动启动，热量穿过液冷板管换热器7传递到外置风冷翅片11处换热由空冷翅片进行自动散热，实现除夏季高温季节以外季节的非制冷节能散热，以及在电动汽车停车期间也就是制冷系统停机期间电池发热时的自动散热，大幅抑制热失控等重大安全风险，而在夏季高外气温等极端条件下例如达到第三设定值40℃时，当外置空冷翅片散热不能满足锂电池热控条件下自动利用汽车的制冷系统进行液冷，直到系统下降到第一设定值35℃时液冷系统关闭，从而总体上既能实现降温需求与安全保障又能实现大幅的节能。
如图20所示，所述微热管阵列的外表面还可以设置有电加热器14例如电加热膜，当电池温度低于设定温度时加热电加热膜，并通过微热管阵列加热电池，此时冷却系统停止运行。
实施例8
为了保证风冷模块的进出风温差小，以实现所有电池的温差不高于5℃，本实施例空冷模块的风道为静压箱方式，如图24所示，其它结构和工作方式类似实施例7。
实施例9
如图25-27所示，本实施例的锂电池包热管理系统，包括电池包和贴附于电池包外壳6外侧的外置空冷模块10，电池和/或电池模组为卧式，所述外置空冷模块包括风扇12和空冷翅片11。电池包和电池包外壳部分同实施例6，其中其中电池包外壳1对应所述冷凝段处为导热隔板。外置空冷模块10与所述微热管阵列16的伸长部分17通过所述导热隔板进行热交换，其基板的一侧表面与电池包外壳6的外表面焊接，也可通过密封圈连接，实现外部结构与内部的单体电芯1的完全物理隔离，保证电池包的防护等级达到IP67。为了保证外置空冷模块10的进出风温差小，风扇12可尽量均匀分布。
如图25所示，位于每组所述单体电芯1上侧平面的微热管阵列16的伸出部分向下弯折，位于下侧平面的朝上弯折，二者将整组单体电芯1包围在内部，以抵挡位于外侧的单体电芯1向外位移。
另外，如图31所示在所述微热管阵列16与单体电芯1之间可设置有可压缩变形的导热垫片7。
单体电芯1可以换成由两个或以上软质封装单体电池组合构成的外部有结构强度外壳的软包装电池模组。
本实施例还包括自动控制系统和电芯温度检测单元，自动控制系统分别与所述电芯温度检测单元、风扇12连接。
使用时，在每组单体电芯1的双侧表面贴合的微热管阵列16的蒸发段吸收每个单体电芯1的热量，并传导至位于微热管阵列16的一端的伸出部分构成的冷凝段，然后冷凝段将热量传导至与之贴合的导热隔板，导热隔板将热量传导至外置空冷模块10，由空冷翅片11在风扇12的作用下散发热量。无论电动汽车处于开车还是停车状态，空冷系统都处于待机状态，当锂电池的温度达到第一设定值35℃时，风扇12由控制系统控制自动启动，热量传递到外置风冷翅片11处进行自动散热，不仅在开车时可以实现非制冷节能散热，而且也能实现在电动汽车停车期间对电池发热的自动散热，大幅抑制热失控等重大安全风险以及实现大幅的节能。
如图20所示，所述微热管阵列的外表面还可以设置有电加热器14例如电加热膜8，当 电池温度低于设定温度时加热电加热膜，并通过微热管阵列加热电池，此时风扇停止运行。
实施例10
为了保证风冷模块的进出风温差小，以实现所有电池的温差不高于5℃，本实施例空冷模块的风道为静压箱方式，如图28所示，其它结构和工作方式类似实施例9。
实施例11-15
本实施例的电池内部结构如图29所示，仅下侧具有微热管阵列，两侧均具有伸出部分61且均向上弯折，其它结构和原理分别与实施例6-10一致。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化等都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种锂电池包热管理系统，其特征在于包括电池包内部的一层或多层电池和/或电池模组、电池包外壳、换热系统，其中
    所述电池和/或电池模组表面贴合微热管阵列，所述微热管阵列贴合所述电池和/或电池模组表面的部分为蒸发段，所述微热管阵列的长度大于其覆盖的该层的所述电池和/或电池模组在一个方向的跨度，且至少有一端伸出所述电池和/或电池模组的表面，伸出部分作为冷凝段与电池包外壳贴合；
    所述电池包外壳围绕所述电池包且为封闭结构，所述电池包外壳至少在对应所述冷凝段处为导热隔板；
    所述换热系统至少对应贴合所述导热隔板的外表面，且通过所述电池包外壳与所述电池和/或电池模组完全物理隔离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的热管理系统，其特征在于所述换热系统为液冷板管换热器，所述液冷板管换热器至少对应贴合所述导热隔板的外表面，且所述液冷板管换热器与电池包外部制冷系统连接，所述液冷板管换热器的基板密封，并通过所述电池包外壳与所述电池和/或电池模组完全物理隔离；
    或所述换热系统为液冷板管换热器和外置空冷模块，所述液冷板管换热器至少对应贴合所述导热隔板的外表面，且所述液冷板管换热器与电池包外部的制冷系统连接，所述外置空冷模块内部具有空冷翅片，侧面具有风扇，所述空冷翅片的基板贴合于所述液冷板管换热器外侧，所述液冷板管换热器的基板与所述外置空冷模块的基板均为密封，并通过电池包外壳与电池和/或电池模组完全物理隔离；
    或所述换热系统为外置空冷模块，所述外置空冷模块紧贴所述电池包外壳具有导热隔板一面的外表面，所述外置空冷模块内部具有空冷翅片，侧面具有风扇。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的热管理系统，其特征在于所述电池和/或电池模组为立式，多层叠加分布，且每层包括彼此在水平方向叠加的多组，每组所述电池和/或电池模组的正面横向贴合至少一个微热管阵列，所述微热管阵列的长度大于所述电池和/或电池模组的宽度且两端是弯折的，所述微热管阵列贴合所述电池和/或电池模组正面部分的为传热段，弯折的垂直部分与所述电池和/或电池模组的两个侧面贴合分别作为蒸发段和冷凝段，且也与对应的电池包外壳贴合；所述电池和/或电池模组的反面与相邻所述电池和/或电池模组的正面贴合的所述微热管阵列贴合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的热管理系统，其特征在于每个所述微热管阵列横向倾斜布置，倾角不小于1°，位于上侧且与所述电池和/或电池模组的侧面贴合的一端为冷凝段，位于下侧且与所述电池和/或电池模组的另一侧面贴合的一端为蒸发段。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的热管理系统，其特征在于所述电池和/或电池模组为卧式，多层叠加分布，每层包括多组，每组包括多个，每组所述电池或电池模组的上表面和/或表面分别贴合有所述微热管阵列，所述微热管阵列的长度至少大于其覆盖的该层的所述电池或电池模组在一个方向的跨度，且至少有一端伸出所述电池和/或电池模组的表面，伸出部分作为冷凝段与电池包外壳贴合。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的热管理系统，其特征在于每组所述电池和/或电池模组的上下双侧表面贴合所述微热管阵列，每侧表面贴合至少一个所述微热管阵列，每个所述微热管阵列至少有一端伸出部分，且伸出部分向所述微热管阵列平面的垂直方向弯折，位于下侧的所述微热管阵列的向上弯曲部分为冷凝段，与导热隔板贴合，用于散热，位于上侧的所述微热管阵列的向下弯曲的部分为蒸发段，贴合或连接有加热器，用于电池加热。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的热管理系统，其特征在于每组所述电池和/或电池模组的上下表面中一个表面贴合至少一个所述微热管阵列，两端的伸出部分向同侧弯折并与导热隔板贴合。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的热管理系统，其特征在于所述液冷板管换热器的基板与所述电池包外壳的外表面通过密封圈连接或者焊接，所述电池包外壳为IP67级别。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的热管理系统，其特征在于所述微热管阵列与所述电池和/或电池模组之间设置有可压缩变形的导热垫片。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的热管理系统，其特征在于所述微热管阵列的下表面设置有加热器。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的热管理系统，其特征在于包括自动控制系统和电芯温度检测单元，所述自动控制系统分别与所述电芯温度检测单元、电动汽车制冷系统和所述加热器连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的热管理系统，其特征在于所述微热管阵列是由金属材料经挤压形成的具有多孔结构的扁平状的导热体，内部具有多个并排排列的互不连通且独立运行的微热管，且每个微热管的水力直径为0.2-3.0mm，内部相变工质为非导电介质。
  13. 一种锂电池包热管理方法，其特征在于采用权利要求1-12任一所述的热管理系统，微热管阵列将热量吸收后通过导热隔板将热量传导至与导热隔板的外表面贴合的换热系统换出。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于所述电池或电池模组为立式，每组电池和/或电池模组的一个侧面贴合的蒸发段和正面贴合的微热管阵列的传热段吸收每个电池单元的热量，将热量传导至与每组电池和/或电池模组的另一个侧面贴合的微热管阵列的冷凝段， 然后通过与所述冷凝段贴合的导热隔板将热量传导至与导热隔板的外表面贴合的换热系统换出。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于所述电池或电池模组为卧式，电池和/或电池模组表面贴合的微热管阵列的蒸发段吸收电池和/或电池模组的热量，将热量传导至伸出部分的冷凝段，然后通过导热隔板将热量传导至与导热隔板的外表面贴合的换热系统换出。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于所述换热系统为与电池包外部制冷系统相连接的液冷板管换热器，当所检测的电芯温度高于第一设定值时，控制系统自动启动制冷系统，带动所述液冷板管换热器启动，对所述电池包进行散热，当电芯温度低于第一设定值时，制冷系统停止向液冷板管换热器供冷。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于当电池温度低于第二设定温度时加热直接或间接与微热管阵列接触的加热器，并通过微热管阵列加热电池，此时制冷系统停止运行。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于所述换热系统为与电池包外部制冷系统液冷板管换热器和带有风扇的外置空冷翅片，通过导热隔板将热量传导至与导热隔板的外表面贴合的液冷板管换热器以及外置空冷翅片，当所检测的电芯温度达到第一设定值时，控制系统首先开启风扇，由外置空冷翅片进行自动散热，当所检测的电芯温度达到大于所述第一设定值的第三设定值时，控制系统自动启动制冷系统，带动液冷板管换热器启动，与外置空冷翅片同时对电芯进行散热。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于当电池温度低于第二设定值时加热直接或间接与微热管阵列接触的加热器，并通过所述微热管阵列与电池和/或电池模组热交换，此时风扇和制冷系统停止运行。
  20. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于所述换热系统为外置空冷模块，当所检测的电芯温度高于第一设定值时，控制系统自动启动风扇，由外置空冷模块的翅片进行自动散热；当电芯温度低于第一设定值时，风扇停止运行。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于当电池温度低于第二设定值时，加热直接或间接与微热管阵列接触的加热器并通过所述微热管阵列与电池和/或电池模组热交换，此时风扇停止运行。
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