WO2021155777A1 - 药物组合物在预防和治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎中的应用 - Google Patents

药物组合物在预防和治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2021155777A1
WO2021155777A1 PCT/CN2021/074783 CN2021074783W WO2021155777A1 WO 2021155777 A1 WO2021155777 A1 WO 2021155777A1 CN 2021074783 W CN2021074783 W CN 2021074783W WO 2021155777 A1 WO2021155777 A1 WO 2021155777A1
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ethanol
cases
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贾振华
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石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司
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Priority to ZA2022/08630A priority patent/ZA202208630B/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/63Oleaceae (Olive family), e.g. jasmine, lilac or ash tree
    • A61K36/634Forsythia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/06Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/11Pteridophyta or Filicophyta (ferns)
    • A61K36/12Filicopsida or Pteridopsida
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/17Gnetophyta, e.g. Ephedraceae (Mormon-tea family)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/19Acanthaceae (Acanthus family)
    • A61K36/195Strobilanthes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/31Brassicaceae or Cruciferae (Mustard family), e.g. broccoli, cabbage or kohlrabi
    • A61K36/315Isatis, e.g. Dyer's woad
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/35Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family)
    • A61K36/355Lonicera (honeysuckle)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/41Crassulaceae (Stonecrop family)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/48Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
    • A61K36/484Glycyrrhiza (licorice)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/53Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
    • A61K36/532Agastache, e.g. giant hyssop
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/70Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family), e.g. spineflower or dock
    • A61K36/708Rheum (rhubarb)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/73Rosaceae (Rose family), e.g. strawberry, chokeberry, blackberry, pear or firethorn
    • A61K36/736Prunus, e.g. plum, cherry, peach, apricot or almond
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/78Saururaceae (Lizard's-tail family)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/14Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2236/00Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
    • A61K2236/50Methods involving additional extraction steps
    • A61K2236/55Liquid-liquid separation; Phase separation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the application of a pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of drugs for the prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia, and belongs to the field of medicine.
  • 2019-nCoV 2019-nCoV
  • MERS Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
  • the coronavirus belongs to an enveloped single-stranded positive-stranded RNA virus.
  • the pathogen 2019-nCoV and its genome sequence have been clarified, laying an important foundation for epidemic prevention.
  • new coronavirus pneumonia also called new coronavirus pneumonia or new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP)
  • new coronavirus pneumonia its clinical manifestations are mainly fever, fatigue, dry cough, and a few are accompanied by nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, and diarrhea. In severe cases, breathing difficulties can be seen and life-threatening.
  • the disease is highly infectious. Some researchers used models to evaluate the basic reproductive number (RO) of the epidemic to be 2.2.
  • RO basic reproductive number
  • the existing antiviral drugs such as Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) do not have a good therapeutic effect on the new pneumonia virus. Because oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor, it targets the neuraminidase components on the A and B flow cell membranes to play a corresponding role. The new coronavirus does not have neuraminidase, so Tamiflu will not be used for treatment The efficacy of the new coronavirus.
  • Tamiflu oseltamivir phosphate
  • Clinical manifestations The main manifestations are fever, fatigue, and dry cough. A small number of patients have symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, and diarrhea. Severe cases often have difficulty breathing after a week, and severe cases quickly develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, difficult-to-correct metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction. Some patients only present with low fever, mild fatigue, etc., without pneumonia, and usually recover after 1 week.
  • Respiratory distress RR ⁇ 30 beats/min; in resting state, means oxygen saturation ⁇ 93%; arterial blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2)/inhaled oxygen concentration (FiO2) ⁇ 300mmHg).
  • Oxygen therapy Oxygen therapy should be performed immediately if there is hypoxemia.
  • the oxygenation maintenance goal SpO2 ⁇ 90% for non-pregnant adult patients, SpO2 ⁇ 92-95% for pregnant patients.
  • Antiviral treatment you can try aerosol inhalation of interferon (5 million U each time for adults, add 2ml of sterile water for injection, twice a day); Lopinavir/ritonavir (200mg/50mg, Each capsule), 2 capsules each time, 2 times a day.
  • Antibacterial treatment Avoid blindly or improperly trying antibacterial drugs, especially the combined use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs.
  • glucocorticoids can be used in the short term as appropriate: the dose is methylprednisolone 1-2mg/kg.d, and Xuebijing 100ml/d can be given intravenously, every time Treatment twice a day; intestinal microecological regulators can be used to maintain the intestinal microecological balance.
  • New crown pneumonia is still raging around the world.
  • drugs that can be used to treat new coronary pneumonia have been recommended around the world, they are basically emergency drugs or sympathetic drugs, and there are still many shortcomings.
  • broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have no obvious activity against COVID-19, and many drugs for symptomatic treatment of viral pneumonia are also less effective.
  • drugs that can inhibit the virus but have obvious toxicity Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and effective drugs for the treatment of new coronary pneumonia.
  • the present invention is an improved invention based on the CN1194752C patent disclosure, and the content recorded in the patent document is quoted here in full.
  • the above-mentioned patent does not disclose the application of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention in the prevention and treatment of pneumonia patients infected by the novel coronavirus.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is made of the following raw materials by weight:
  • the present invention provides the application of a pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus infection.
  • the pharmaceutical composition consists of the following parts by weight of raw materials Medicine made:
  • the weight ratio of the bulk drug of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably:
  • the weight ratio of the bulk drug of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is also preferably:
  • the weight ratio of the bulk drug of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is also preferably:
  • the weight ratio of the bulk drug of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is also preferably:
  • the active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be made by a method comprising the following steps:
  • step (4) Combine the clear ointment obtained in step (4) with the alcohol extract obtained in step (3), concentrate to a clear ointment with a relative density of 1.15-1.20 measured at 60°C, and dry to obtain a dry paste powder for use;
  • step (6) The dry powder obtained in step (5), the volatile oil obtained in step (2) and menthol are mixed to prepare the active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition.
  • the dosage form of the medicine of the present invention can be in the form of capsules, tablets, powders, granules, oral liquids, soft capsules, pills, tinctures, syrups, suppositories, gels, sprays or injections.
  • compositions such as fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, suspending agents, binders, sweeteners, correctives, and preservatives. , Substrate, etc.
  • Fillers include: starch, pregelatinized starch, lactose, mannitol, chitin, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, etc.; disintegrants include: starch, pregelatinized starch, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl starch, Cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, etc.; lubricants include: magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, silicon dioxide, etc.; suspending agent Including: polyvinylpyrrolidone, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, agar, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, etc.; binders include starch slurry, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, etc.; sweeteners include: Sodium saccharin, aspartame, sucrose, cyclamate, glycyrrhetinic acid, etc.; correctives include
  • the capsule can be made by a method including the following steps:
  • step (4) The cleansing paste obtained in step (4) is combined with the alcohol extract obtained in step (3), concentrated to a cleansing paste with a relative density of 1.15-1.20 at 60°C, and dried to obtain a dry paste powder for use;
  • step (7) Add menthol and the volatile oil obtained in step (2) to ethanol to dissolve, spray into the granules obtained in step (6), seal, mix, and encapsulate to obtain.
  • the preparation method of granules may include the following steps:
  • step (4) Combine the clear ointment obtained in step (4) with the alcohol extract obtained in step (3), and concentrate it to a thick ointment with a relative density of 1.15-1.20 measured at 60°C for use;
  • step (7) Add menthol and the volatile oil obtained in step (2) to ethanol to dissolve, spray into the granules obtained in step (6), seal, mix, and bag to obtain.
  • the preferred preparation method of granules is a method including the following steps:
  • step (4) Combine the clear ointment obtained in step (4) with the alcohol extract obtained in step (3), and concentrate it to a thick ointment with a relative density of 1.15-1.20 measured at 60°C for use;
  • step (6) Add appropriate pharmaceutically acceptable excipients to the thick paste obtained in step (5) to prepare granules, which are sized for use;
  • step (6) The particles obtained in step (6) are sieved out of the fine powder, the menthol and the volatile oil obtained in step (2) are added to ethanol to dissolve, spray into the fine powder, and after mixing uniformly, mix with the particles obtained in step (6) evenly, and airtight half. Hours, bag it, and get it.
  • the raw materials can be weighed in proportion and prepared by conventional preparation methods, for example, according to the preparation described in Fan Biting's "Chinese Medicine Pharmacy” (Shanghai Science Press, December 1997, 1st edition) Process, made into a pharmacologically acceptable conventional dosage form.
  • the invention also provides the application of the pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of a medicine for improving shortness of breath and/or dyspnea.
  • the invention also provides the application of the pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of medicines for improving fever, cough and fatigue.
  • the invention also provides the application of the pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of a medicine for improving chest tightness.
  • the invention also provides the application of the pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of a medicine for improving pulmonary rales.
  • the invention also provides the application of the pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of drugs for inhibiting the increase of cytokines and chemokines.
  • the cytokine and chemokine are preferably selected from TNF- ⁇ , IL-6, CCL-2/MCP-1 and CXCL-10/IP-10.
  • Figure 1 Shows the inhibitory effect of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention—the particles prepared in Example 4 (hereinafter referred to as LHQW or LH) on cytopathic changes caused by common coronavirus (HCoV-229E) and new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections ;
  • Figure 2 Electron micrograph showing the inhibitory effect of LHQW on HCoV-229E and 2019-nCoV infection of Vero E6 cells;
  • Figure 3 Shows the inhibitory effect of LHQW on the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors caused by 2019-CoV infection of Huh-7 cells;
  • Figure 4 Shows the cytotoxicity of LHQW and Remdesivir to Vero E6 cells
  • Figure 5 Shows the inhibitory effect of LHQW and Remdesivir on SARS-CoV-2 virus
  • Figure 6 Shows the typical coronavirus morphology observed under the electron microscope after treatment with LHQW and Redecive;
  • Figure 7 Shows the effect of LHQW in inhibiting the expression of cytokines and chemokines induced by SAR2-CoV-2.
  • step (4) The cleansing paste obtained in step (4) is combined with the alcohol extract obtained in step (3), concentrated to a cleansing paste with a relative density of 1.15-1.20 measured at 60°C, and spray-dried to obtain a dry paste powder for use;
  • step (7) Add menthol and the volatile oil obtained in step (2) to ethanol to dissolve, spray into the granules obtained in step (6), seal, mix, and fill 1000 capsules to obtain.
  • step (4) Combine the clear ointment obtained in step (4) with the alcohol extract obtained in step (3), concentrate to a clear ointment with a relative density of 1.15-1.20 measured at 60°C, and spray dry to obtain a dry paste powder for use;
  • step (7) Add menthol and the volatile oil obtained in step (2) to dissolve in ethanol, spray into the granules obtained in step (6), seal, mix, and compress into tablets to obtain 935 tablets.
  • step (4) The clear ointment obtained in step (4) is combined with the alcohol extract obtained in step (3), concentrated to a thick ointment with a relative density of 1.25-1.30 at 60°C, and spray-dried to obtain a dry ointment powder for use;
  • step (6) The dry paste powder obtained in step (5), the volatile oil obtained in step (2) and menthol are made into pills according to a conventional method to obtain pill 905 pills.
  • the API formula is:
  • the filtrate recovers the ethanol until there is no alcohol taste, combines with the alcohol extract obtained in step (3), and concentrates to a concentration of 60 °C to determine the relative density of 1.15-1.20 thick paste, spare;
  • the preparation formula is: 335.5g thick paste obtained in step (4) 5g menthol
  • Step (2) Obtained patchouli oil 0.2ml 342.5g powdered sugar 514.0g dextrin
  • Granulation Mix powdered sugar and dextrin uniformly according to the above prescription, use the thick paste obtained in step (4) as a binder to make a soft material, granulate with a 14-mesh sieve, and dry at 60-65°C. Whole grain with mesh screen;
  • TC 50 The half-toxic concentration of the drug to cells
  • IC 50 the half-effective concentration of the drug
  • SI Selection index (TC 50 /IC 50 )
  • Inclusion criteria ordinary hospitalized patients who are over 18 years old, meet the diagnostic criteria for pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection, and whose body temperature is >37.2°C.
  • Exclusion criteria (1) Severe and critical patients with pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus; (2) Acute respiratory diseases not caused by 2019-nCoV; (3) Any other chronic respiratory diseases, respiratory bacterial infections such as purulent tonsillitis, Acute tracheobronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media and other respiratory diseases that affect clinical trial evaluation; (4) Asthma that requires daily treatment, chest CT confirmed the presence of severe interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis and other basic lung diseases (5) Accompanied by basic diseases such as severe primary immunodeficiency, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, congenital respiratory malformations, congenital heart disease, and pulmonary abnormalities.
  • the treatment plan is conventional treatment (refer to National Health "Pneumonia Prevention and Control Plan for Novel Coronavirus Infection" issued by the National Health Commission) add the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, 1 bag/time, 3 times/day; age and body temperature are used as covariates, and the logistic regression model is used to calculate the propensity score , The matching is carried out at a ratio of 1:1.
  • the conventional treatment was nutritional support treatment, symptomatic treatment, antiviral treatment, and antibacterial treatment according to condition monitoring.
  • the patients selected for this study are mild to moderate pneumonia patients with new coronavirus infection. It is considered that mild to moderate patients can better communicate and feedback on the efficacy of medication, but it does not mean that severely ill patients cannot take it.
  • Severe and critical NCP confirmed patients; patients with bronchial asthma; chest X-ray computed tomography (CT) confirmed the existence of severe pulmonary interstitial disease, bronchiectasis and other basic lung diseases; accompanied by severe immunodeficiency, Basic diseases such as congenital respiratory malformations, congenital heart disease, and pulmonary dysplasia.
  • CT chest X-ray computed tomography
  • the general information of the patients in the treatment group and the control group are shown in Table 5.
  • the two groups of patients were monitored for illness, and were given nutritional support treatment, symptomatic treatment, antiviral treatment and antibacterial drug treatment.
  • the main treatment drug was Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride and Sodium Chloride Injection, 0.4g, 1 time/day, Chengdu Zhengkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • Control group simply give the above treatment.
  • Treatment group On the basis of the above treatment, combined with the drug of the present invention, 6 g/bag, 1 bag each time, 3 times a day. Collect clinical data of patients after 10 days of treatment
  • Statistical analysis uses SAS 9.4 software. All statistical tests used two-sided tests. The count data for descriptive analysis was described by the number of cases and the composition ratio, and the measurement data was described by the mean ⁇ standard deviation. The comparison of measurement data between groups was performed by t test, and the count data was performed by chi-square test or exact probability method. The duration of fever was analyzed by survival analysis. P ⁇ 0.05 indicates that the difference is statistically significant.
  • Table 6 shows that compared with the control group, the symptoms of fever, cough, and fatigue in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group (all P ⁇ 0.05).
  • Exclusion criteria 1Patients with severe and critical NCP; 2Any other chronic respiratory diseases, respiratory bacterial infections such as purulent tonsillitis, acute tracheobronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media and other respiratory diseases that affect the assessment; 3With severe Pulmonary interstitial disease, bronchiectasis, primary immunodeficiency disease, congenital respiratory malformation, congenital heart disease, lung dysplasia and other basic diseases; 4 accompanied by severe liver disease (aspartate aminotransferase AST, alanine aminotransferase ALT exceeding 5 times the upper limit of normal), or patients with severe renal insufficiency or undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis; 5Malignant tumors, hematological diseases, and cachexia that have multiple metastases and cannot be resected Qualitative, active bleeding, severe malnutrition, HIV, etc., or suffering from severe neurological or psychiatric diseases, etc.
  • Control group receiving conventional treatment, namely simple nutritional support treatment, symptomatic treatment, antiviral treatment and antibacterial treatment; treatment group: combined with the drug of the present invention (LHQW) on the basis of conventional treatment, 6g/bag, each time 1 bag, 3 times a day. Collect clinical data of patients treated for 7 days.
  • conventional treatment namely simple nutritional support treatment, symptomatic treatment, antiviral treatment and antibacterial treatment
  • treatment group combined with the drug of the present invention (LHQW) on the basis of conventional treatment, 6g/bag, each time 1 bag, 3 times a day. Collect clinical data of patients treated for 7 days.
  • LHQW drug of the present invention
  • Observation indicators Analyze the clinical data of the two groups of patients, including the disappearance rate of the main symptoms (fever, fatigue, cough), the disappearance days, and the disappearance rate of other symptoms and signs, the effective rate of the main symptoms, the CT improvement rate, and the clinical conversion rate.
  • 3CT improvement rate the number of cases with lung imaging (CT) showing improvement after treatment/total number of cases ⁇ 100%
  • 4Clinical transformation rate: refer to "New Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Version 5) ⁇ Severe diagnostic criteria [15] , the rate of clinical conversion to severe disease the number of cases converted from normal to severe/total number of cases ⁇ 100%.
  • a total of 102 cases of confirmed common type patients meeting the requirements were collected, including 51 cases in the treatment group and 51 cases in the control group.
  • 1Baseline data 51 cases in the treatment group, including 9 cases of muscle pain (17.7%), 20 cases of sputum expectoration (39.2%), 13 cases of shortness of breath (25.5%), 11 cases of chest tightness (21.6%), and 3 cases of dyspnea ( 5.9%), 7 cases of nausea (13.7%), 23 cases of loss of appetite (45.1%), 22 cases of pulmonary rales (43.1%); 51 cases of control group, including 11 cases of muscle pain (21.6%), expectoration 19 cases (37.3%), 14 cases of shortness of breath (27.5%), 19 cases of chest tightness (37.3%), 7 cases of dyspnea (13.7%), 5 cases of nausea (9.8%), 26 cases of loss of appetite (51.0%), There were 23 cases (45.1%) of pulmonary rales; there was no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05).
  • the clinical research results show that after the administration of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, the symptoms of ordinary early and mid-term patients are significantly improved, and they are easily cured after treatment, and the conversion of severe illness in mid-term patients is significantly reduced, effectively avoiding severe and severe symptoms.
  • Critical transformation Moreover, after the critically ill patient takes the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, the blood oxygen saturation is stable, the dyspnea is improved, the inflammation absorption of the lung is promoted, and the sequelae of causing interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis and the like are avoided.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and signs related to diseases such as fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, pulmonary rales, etc.; at the same time, the proportion of severe cases in the treatment group also shows a significant downward trend, showing that the present invention
  • the pharmaceutical composition has a good clinical effect on suspected cases, which can help improve clinical symptoms and relieve the severity of the disease.
  • 1.1 Cell line and virus African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero E6) and human liver cancer cell line Huh-7 were purchased from ATCC. Culture conditions: Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM, Gibco, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Culture temperature: 37°C.
  • the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a clinical isolate from the First affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.
  • Test product A.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention (LHQW, Example 4), preparation and storage of the original solution of the test product: Dissolve the test product in DMSO, and store at -20°C .
  • Cytotoxicity test The cytotoxic effect of LHQW on Vero E6 cells and Huh-7 cells was evaluated by MTT method.
  • the monolayer of Vero E6 cells and Huh-7 cells grown in 96-well plates was discarded from the original culture medium, washed with PBS, and incubated with different concentrations of test substance solutions for 72 hours. After 72 hours, the cells were stained with 0.5 mg/mL MTT solution for 4 hours. The supernatant was discarded, and the formed formazan crystals were dissolved in 200 ⁇ L of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • a full-wavelength microplate reader (Thermo Fisher, USA) was used to measure the absorbance at 570 nm.
  • Plaque reduction experiment culture Vero E6 cells to a monolayer on a 6-well plate, discard the supernatant, rinse with PBS, add 50 PFU of SARS-CoV-2 virus to the plate, and incubate for 2 hours. Discard the supernatant, add 1.2% agarose (Invitrogen, USA) per ml of basal medium and different concentrations of LHQW or positive control remdesivir, incubate at 37°C for 48 hours, and fix with 4% formalin 20 minutes, 1% crystal violet staining for 3 minutes. Calculate the plaque inhibition rate, and calculate the half inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of the drug on the virus.
  • IC 50 half inhibitory concentration
  • Electron microscope analysis fix, dehydrate and embed cells. Cut the embedded wax block into 70nm ultrathin sections. It was stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and then read under the JEM-1400PLUS transmission electron microscope.
  • the cell viability of Vero E6 cells treated with LHQW or Redecivir was determined by MTT assay. At a concentration of 600 ⁇ g/mL, LHQW has obvious cytotoxicity to VeroE6 cells (see Figure 4A for the results). The positive control remdesivir is non-cytotoxic to cells at a concentration of 50 ⁇ M (see Figure 4B for the results).
  • the inhibitory effect of LHQW on SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected by the cytopathic inhibition test and the plaque reduction test, and the IC 50 value was 411.2 ⁇ g/mL (see Figures 5A, 5C).
  • the IC 50 value of Remdesivir to SARS-CoV-2 virus is 0.651 ⁇ M.
  • virus particles were found in the cytoplasm, intracellular vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane, and typical coronavirus morphology was observed under an electron microscope (see Figure 6B, 6F).
  • LHQW 600 ⁇ g
  • Figure 6C, 6G the amount of virus expression decreased
  • the cells treated with LHQW changed the shape of the virus: there are many oval virus particles on the cell surface (see Figure 6H), which is the same as the spherical, pointed virus particles in the virus-infected cells (see Figure 6H). 6B and 6F) are different.
  • the pharmaceutical composition LHQW of the present invention can exert anti-new coronavirus activity by inhibiting virus replication and reducing the release of cytokines from host cells.

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Abstract

一种药物组合物在制备预防和治疗新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎的药物中的应用,该药物组合物由连翘、金银花、板蓝根、大黄、广藿香、绵马贯众、红景天、薄荷脑、炙麻黄、炒苦杏仁、鱼腥草、甘草、石膏制成,实验证实其具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎的作用。

Description

药物组合物在预防和治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎中的应用
本申请要求以下中国专利申请的优先权:于2020年2月4日提交到中国专利局的中国专利申请202010079857.2,于2020年2月16日提交到中国专利局的中国专利申请202010094502.0,于2020年2月21日提交到中国专利局的中国专利申请202010105903.1,于2020年3月2日提交到中国专利局的中国专利申请202010134508.6,其内容均通过引用以整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种药物组合物在制备预防和治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的药物中的应用,属于医药领域。
背景技术
2020年1月12日,世界卫生组织正式将新型冠状病毒命名为“2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)”。柳叶刀杂志发表了来自的研究结果,他们从患者样本中测序分析了2019年新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)病原体,发现其与2003年流行的严重急性呼吸道综合征SARS病毒以及2012年发现的中东呼吸综合征(MERS)病毒在基因上有较大的差异。系统分析表明,该病毒属于Betacoronavirus属的Sarbecovirus亚型,在基因上与SARS病毒相距较远。
据报道该冠状病毒属于包膜单股正链RNA病毒,病原体2019-nCoV及其基因组序列已被明确,为防疫工作奠定重要基础。
新型冠状病毒感染引起的肺炎,也称新型冠状病毒肺炎或新冠肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP),其临床表现主要为发热、乏力、干咳,少数伴有鼻塞、流涕、咽痛和腹泻等症状,重症可见呼吸困难并危及生命。
该疾病有较高的传染性,有研究者使用模型评估此次疫情的“基本再生数”(Basic reproductive number,RO)为2.2。
目前已有的抗病毒药物如达菲(磷酸奥司他韦),对于新型肺炎病 毒,也没有好的治疗作用。因为奥司他韦是神经氨酸酶抑制剂,是针对甲乙流细胞膜上的神经氨酸酶成分来发挥相应的作用,新型冠状病毒并没有神经氨酸酶,所以达菲并不会起到治疗新型冠状病毒的疗效。
临床表现:以发热、乏力、干咳为主要表现,少数患者伴有鼻塞、流涕、腹泻等症状。重型病例多在一周后出现呼吸困难,严重者快速出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征、脓毒症休克、难以纠正的代谢性酸中毒和出凝血功能障碍。部分患者仅表现为低热,轻微乏力等,无肺炎表现,多在1周后回复。
实验室检查:发病早期白细胞总数正常或降低,或淋巴细胞计数减少;部分患者出现肝酶、肌酶和肌红蛋白增高,多数患者C反应蛋白和血沉增高。
胸部影像学早期呈现多发小斑片影及间质改变,以肺外带明显。进而发展为双肺多发磨玻璃影、浸润影,严重者可出现肺实变。
痰液、咽拭子、下呼吸道分泌物等标本行实时荧光RT-PCR检测2019-nCoV核酸阳性。
临床分型:
一、普通型,具有发热、呼吸道等症状,影像学可见肺炎表现。
二、重型,符合下列任何一条:1、呼吸窘迫,RR≥30次/分;静息状态下,指氧饱和度≤93%;动脉血氧分压(PaO2)/吸氧浓度(FiO2)≤300mmHg).
三、危重型,出现呼吸衰竭,且需要机械通气;出现休克;合并其他器官功能衰竭需ICU监护治疗。
治疗:
1.一般治疗:卧床休息,监测生命体征、指氧饱和度,支持对症治疗,保证热量,维持水、电解质及酸碱平衡等内环境稳定。
2.氧疗:存在低氧血症者立即进行氧疗,氧合维持目标:非怀孕成年患者SpO2≥90%,怀孕患者SpO2≥92-95%。
3.抗病毒治疗:可试用α-干扰素雾化吸入(成人每次500万U,加 入灭菌注射用水2ml,每日两次);洛匹那韦/利托那韦(200mg/50mg,每粒),每次2粒,每日2次。
4.抗菌药物治疗:避免盲目或不且当的试用抗菌药物,尤其是联合使用广谱抗菌药。
5.其他治疗措施:可根据患者呼吸困难程度,胸部影像学进展,酌情短期内使用糖皮质激素:剂量为甲泼尼龙1-2mg/kg.d,可静脉给予血必净100ml/d,每日两次治疗;可用肠道微生态调节剂,维持肠道微生态平衡。
新冠肺炎目前仍在全球范围内肆虐。然而目前还没有有效的治疗或预防药物。虽然当前全球范围内已经推荐了一些可用于治疗新冠肺炎的药物,但基本上都属于应急用药或同情用药,仍然存在许多不足。例如广谱抗病毒药物对于COVID-19并没有明显的活性,许多对症治疗病毒性肺炎的药物效果也较差。还有不少药物虽然可以抑制病毒但存在明显的毒性。因此,对于安全有效的治疗新冠肺炎的药物存在迫切的需求。
本发明是在CN1194752C专利公开的基础上进行的改进发明,在此全文引用该专利文件记载的内容。上述专利并未公开本发明的药物组合物在预防和治疗新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎患者的应用。
发明内容
本发明人在研究中意外发现,本发明的药物组合物可以有效预防和治疗新型冠状病毒感染引起的肺炎,所述药物组合物由由下列重量份的原料药制成:
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000001
在此发现的基础上,在第一方面,本发明提供了一种药物组合物在制备用于预防和治疗新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎的药物中的应用,该药物组合物由下列重量份的原料药制成:
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000002
本发明药物组合物的原料药的重量份比优选为:
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000003
本发明药物组合物的原料药的重量份比还优选为:
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000004
本发明药物组合物的原料药的重量份比还优选为:
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000005
本发明药物组合物的原料药的重量份比还优选为:
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000006
本发明药物组合物的活性成分可以由包括以下步骤的方法制成:
(1)按照原料药重量比例称取中药材,净选;
(2)广藿香碎断,加5-8倍量水提取挥发油,提油时间4小时,收集挥发油,备用;提取液过滤后,残渣弃去,滤液备用;
(3)连翘、炙麻黄、鱼腥草、大黄,用6-10倍量50-90%的乙醇提取2次,每次1-3小时,提取液合并过滤,回收乙醇,滤液备用;
(4)金银花、石膏、板蓝根、绵马贯众、甘草、红景天,加7-11倍量水煎煮至沸,加入炒苦杏仁、煎煮2次,每次0.5-2.5小时,提取液合并过滤,所得滤液与步骤(2)广藿香提油后的滤液合并,浓缩成在60℃时测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的清膏,加乙醇,调节至醇浓度为70%,冷藏放置,过滤,回收乙醇至无醇味,得清膏备用;
(5)将步骤(4)所得清膏与步骤(3)所得醇提液合并,浓缩至在60℃时测定相对密度为1.15-1.20的清膏,干燥,得干膏粉,备用;
(6)将步骤(5)所得干膏粉、步骤(2)所得挥发油与薄荷脑混合,制得该药物组合物的活性成分。
本发明药物的剂型可以为胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、颗粒剂、口服液、软胶囊、丸剂、酊剂、糖浆剂、栓剂、凝胶剂、喷雾剂或注射剂的形式。
为使上述剂型能够实现,优选在制备这些剂型时加入药学可接受的辅料,例如:填充剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助悬剂、粘合剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、基质等。填充剂包括:淀粉、预胶化淀粉、乳糖、甘露醇、甲壳素、微晶纤维素、蔗糖等;崩解剂包括:淀粉、预胶化淀粉、微晶纤维素、羧甲基淀粉钠、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、低取代羟丙纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠等;润滑剂包括:硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸钠、滑石粉、二氧化硅等;助悬剂包括:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、微晶纤维素、蔗糖、琼脂、羟丙基甲基纤维素等;粘合剂包括,淀粉浆、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基甲基纤维素等;甜味剂包括:糖精钠、阿斯帕坦、蔗糖、甜蜜素、甘草次酸等;矫味剂包括:甜味剂及各种香精;防腐剂包括:尼泊金类、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸及其盐类、苯扎溴铵、醋酸氯乙定、桉叶油等;基质包括:PEG6000,PEG4000,虫蜡等。
其中胶囊剂可以采用包括如下步骤的方法制成:
(1)按照原料药重量比例称取中药材,净选;
(2)广藿香碎断,加5-8倍量水提取挥发油,提油时间4小时,收集挥发油,备用;提取液过滤后,残渣弃去,滤液备用;
(3)连翘、炙麻黄、鱼腥草、大黄,用6-10倍量50-90%的乙醇提取2次,每次1-3小时,提取液合并过滤,回收乙醇,滤液备用;
(4)金银花、石膏、板蓝根、绵马贯众、甘草、红景天,加7-11倍量水煎煮至沸,加入炒苦杏仁、煎煮2次,每次0.5-2.5小时,提取液合并过滤,所得滤液与步骤(2)广藿香提油后的滤液合并,浓缩成在60℃时测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的清膏,加乙醇,调节至醇浓度为70%,冷藏放置,过滤,回收乙醇至无醇味,得清膏备用;
(5)步骤(4)所得清膏与步骤(3)所得醇提液合并,浓缩至在60℃时测定相对密度为1.15-1.20的清膏,干燥,得干膏粉,备用;
(6)向步骤(5)所得干膏粉中加入适当药学上可接受的辅料,制得颗粒;
(7)将薄荷脑、步骤(2)所得挥发油加入乙醇中溶解,喷入步骤(6)所得颗粒,密闭,混匀,装入胶囊,即得。
其中颗粒剂的制备方法,可以是包括以下步骤的方法:
(1)按照原料药重量比例称取中药材,净选,酌情碎断;
(2)广藿香碎断,加5-8倍量水提取挥发油,提油时间4小时,收集挥发油,备用;提取液过滤后,残渣弃去,滤液备用;
(3)连翘、炙麻黄、鱼腥草、大黄,用6-10倍量50-90%的乙醇提取2次,每次1-3小时,提取液合并过滤,回收乙醇,滤液备用;
(4)金银花、石膏、板蓝根、绵马贯众、甘草、红景天,加7-11倍量水煎煮至沸,加入炒苦杏仁,煎煮2次,每次0.5-2.5小时,提取液合并过滤,所得滤液与步骤(2)广藿香提油后的滤液合并,浓缩成在60℃时测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的清膏,加入乙醇,调解至醇浓度为70%,冷藏放置,过滤,回收乙醇至无醇味,得清膏备用;
(5)将步骤(4)所得清膏与步骤(3)所得醇提液合并,浓缩至在60℃时测定相对密度为1.15-1.20的稠膏,备用;
(6)向步骤(5)所得稠膏中加入适当药学上可接受的辅料,制成颗粒;
(7)将薄荷脑、步骤(2)所得挥发油加入乙醇溶解,喷入步骤(6) 所得颗粒,密闭,混匀,装袋,即得。
优选的颗粒剂的制备方法为包括如下步骤的方法:
(1)按照原料药重量比例称取中药材,净选,酌情碎断;
(2)广藿香碎断,加6倍量水提取挥发油,提油时间4小时,收集挥发油,备用;提取液过滤后,残渣弃去,滤液备用;
(3)连翘、炙麻黄、鱼腥草、大黄,用8倍量70%的乙醇提取2次,第一次2小时,第二次1.5小时,提取液合并过滤,回收乙醇,滤液备用;
(4)金银花、石膏、板蓝根、绵马贯众、甘草、红景天,加9倍量水煎煮至沸,加入炒苦杏仁、煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,第二次1小时,提取液合并过滤,所得滤液与步骤(2)广藿香提油后的水滤液合并,浓缩成在60℃时测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的清膏,加95%乙醇,调节至醇浓度为70%,冷藏放置,过滤,回收乙醇至无醇味,得清膏滤液;
(5)将步骤(4)所得清膏与步骤(3)所得醇提液合并,浓缩至在60℃时测定相对密度为1.15-1.20的稠膏,备用;
(6)向步骤(5)所得稠膏中加入适当药学上可接受的辅料,制得颗粒,整粒,备用;
(7)将步骤(6)所得颗粒筛出细粉,将薄荷脑、步骤(2)所得挥发油加入乙醇溶解,喷入细粉,混合均匀后,与步骤(6)所得颗粒混合均匀,密闭半小时,装袋,即得。
要制备得到本发明药物的其他剂型,可以按比例称取原料药,采用常规的制备方法制备,例如,按照范碧亭《中药药剂学》(上海科学出版社1997年12月第1版)记载的制备工艺,制成药剂学可接受的常规剂型。
本发明还提供了该药物组合物在制备用于改善气促和/或呼吸困难的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了该药物组合物在制备用于改善发热、咳嗽、乏力的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了该药物组合物在制备用于改善胸闷的药物中的应 用。
本发明还提供了该药物组合物在制备用语改善肺部湿啰音的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了该药物组合物在制备用于抑制细胞因子和趋化因子升高的药物中的应用。
在上述应用中,所述细胞因子和趋化因子优选选自TNF-α,IL-6,CCL-2/MCP-1和CXCL-10/IP-10。
附图说明:
图1:显示本发明的药物组合物—实施例4制得的颗粒(以下称LHQW或LH)对常见冠状病毒(HCoV-229E)和新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染引起细胞病变的抑制作用;
图2:显示LHQW对HCoV-229E和2019-nCoV感染Vero E6细胞的抑制作用电镜图片;
图3:显示LHQW对2019-CoV感染Huh-7细胞引起炎症因子mRNA表达的抑制作用;
图4:显示LHQW和瑞德西韦对Vero E6细胞的细胞毒性;
图5:显示LHQW和瑞德西韦对SARS-CoV-2病毒的抑制作用;
图6:显示LHQW和瑞德西韦处理后电子显微镜下观察到典型的冠状病毒形态;
图7:显示LHQW在抑制SAR2-CoV-2诱导的细胞因子和趋化因子表达中的作用。
具体实施方式
下述实施例用于举例说明本发明药物组合物的制备,但应理解其不能对本发明的范围构成限制。
实施例1
处方:
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000007
制备方法:
(1)按照上述处方称取中药材,净选;
(2)广藿香碎断,加6倍量水提取挥发油,提油时间4小时,收集挥发油,备用;提取液过滤后,残渣弃去,滤液备用;
(3)连翘、炙麻黄、鱼腥草、大黄,用8倍量70%的乙醇提取2次,第一次2小时,第二次1.5小时,提取液合并过滤,回收乙醇,滤液备用;
(4)金银花、石膏、板蓝根、绵马贯众、甘草、红景天,加9倍量水煎煮至沸,加入炒苦杏仁,煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,第二次1小时,提取液合并过滤,所得滤液与步骤(2)广藿香提油后所得的滤液合并,浓缩成在60℃时测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的清膏,加乙醇,调节至醇浓度为70%,冷藏放置24小时,过滤,回收乙醇至无醇味,得清膏备用;
(5)步骤(4)所得清膏与步骤(3)所得醇提液合并,浓缩至在60℃时测定相对密度为1.15-1.20的清膏,喷雾干燥,得干膏粉,备用;
(6)向步骤(5)所得干膏粉中加入淀粉142克,用85%乙醇制得颗粒;
(7)将薄荷脑、步骤(2)所得挥发油加入乙醇中溶解,喷入步骤(6)所得颗粒,密闭,混匀,装入1000粒胶囊,即得。
实施例2
处方:
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000009
制备方法:
(1)按照上述处方称取中药材,净选;
(2)广藿香碎断,加5倍量水提取挥发油,提油时间4小时,收集挥发油,备用;提取液过滤后,残渣弃去,滤液备用;
(3)连翘、炙麻黄、鱼腥草、大黄,用6倍量50%的乙醇提取2次,第一次1小时,第二次2.5小时,提取液合并过滤,回收乙醇,滤液备用;
(4)金银花、石膏、板蓝根、绵马贯众、甘草、红景天,加7倍量水煎煮至沸,加入炒苦杏仁、煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,第二次1小时,提取液合并过滤,所得滤液与步骤(2)广藿香提油后所得的滤液合并,浓缩成在60℃时测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的清膏,加乙醇,调节至醇浓度为70%,冷藏放置24小时,过滤,回收乙醇至无醇味,得清膏备用;
(5)将步骤(4)所得清膏与步骤(3)所得醇提液合并,浓缩至在60℃时测定相对密度为1.15-1.20的清膏,喷雾干燥,得干膏粉,备用;
(6)将步骤(5)所得干膏粉加入淀粉151克,用85%乙醇制得颗粒;
(7)将薄荷脑、步骤(2)所得挥发油加入乙醇溶解,喷入步骤(6)所得颗粒,密闭,混匀,压制成片,得935片。
实施例3
处方:
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000010
制备方法:
(1)按照上述处方称取中药材,净选;
(2)广藿香碎断,加6倍量水提取挥发油,提油时间4小时,收集挥发油,备用;提取液过滤后,残渣弃去,水提液备用;
(3)连翘、炙麻黄、鱼腥草、大黄,用8倍量70%的乙醇提取2次,第一次2小时,第二次1.5小时,提取液合并过滤,回收乙醇,滤液备用;
(4)金银花、石膏、板蓝根、绵马贯众、甘草、红景天,加9倍量水煎煮至沸,加入炒苦杏仁、煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,第二次1小时,提取液合并过滤,所得滤液与步骤(2)广藿香提油后所得的水提液合并,浓缩成在60℃时测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的清膏,加95%乙醇,调节至醇浓度为70%,冷藏放置24小时,过滤,回收乙醇至无醇味,得清膏备用;
(5)步骤(4)所得清膏与步骤(3)所得醇提液合并,浓缩至在60℃时测定相对密度为1.25-1.30的稠膏,喷雾干燥,得干膏粉,备用;
(6)将步骤(5)所得干膏粉,步骤(2)所得挥发油及薄荷脑按常规方法制成丸剂,得药丸905丸。
实施例4:
原料药配方为:
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000011
制备方法:
(一)提取工艺:
(1)按照上述处方量称取中药材,净选,酌情碎断;
(2)广藿香加6倍量水提取挥发油,提油时间4h,收集挥发油,出油率为0.33%,提取液过滤后备用,残渣弃去,水提液备用;
(3)连翘、炙麻黄、鱼腥草、大黄,用8倍量70%的乙醇提取2次,第一次2小时,第二次1.5小时,提取液过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇至无醇味,备用;
(4)金银花、炒苦杏仁、石膏、板蓝根、绵马贯众、甘草、红景天,加9倍量水煎煮至沸,加入炒苦杏仁,煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,第二次1小时,提取液过滤,滤液合并同时加入步骤(2)广藿香提油后的水溶液,浓缩成60℃测定相对密度为1.10-1.15清膏,加95%乙醇,边加边搅拌,至醇浓度70%,冷藏放置24小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇至无醇味,与步骤(3)所得的醇提液合并,浓缩至浓缩成60℃测定相对密度为1.15-1.20稠膏,备用;
(二)制剂工艺:
制剂配方为:步骤(4)所得稠膏335.5g 薄荷脑5g
步骤(2)所得广藿香油0.2ml 糖粉342.5g 糊精514.0g
(5)制粒:按上述处方将糖粉和糊精混合均匀,用步骤(4)所得的稠膏作粘合剂制软材,14目筛网制粒,60—65℃烘干,10目筛网整粒;
(6)分装:筛出细粉适量,按处方量将薄荷脑、广藿香挥发油加入适量乙醇中,溶解,喷入步骤(5)整粒步骤筛出的细粉中,混合均匀,并与步骤(5)所得的颗粒混合均匀,密闭半小时,装袋,即得,以上处方可制成颗粒1000g。
实验例
为证实本发明药物组合物预防和治疗新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎的疗效,用按实施例4方法制得的颗粒(以下称LHQW或本发明药物或本发明药物组合物),进行了以下体外研究和临床试验研究:
实验例1:
体外细胞研究
广州医科大学呼吸疾病国家重点实验室杨子峰教授团队针对LHQW抗新冠状病毒及抗炎活性展开了细胞模型研究,发现LHQW对常见冠状病毒(HCoV-229E)和新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染引起 细胞病变具有良好的抑制作用(图1),IC 50分别为338.74和414.02μg/mL,SI分别为3.47和2.89(表1)。
表1 LHQW对HCoV-229E和2019-nCoV的体外抑制作用
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000012
TC 50:药物对细胞的半数毒性浓度
IC 50:药物半数药效浓度
SI:选择指数(TC 50/IC 50)
透射电镜分析发现,正常细胞形态完整,细胞外细胞内均无病毒颗粒;感染病毒的细胞在细胞膜、胞浆、囊泡内均可看见大量病毒颗粒;LHQW处理后的细胞胞内病毒颗粒比病毒感染细胞少,某些病毒颗粒有少许变形(见图2)。
2019-CoV感染Huh-7细胞后加入不同浓度的LHQW,48小时后提取细胞mRNA,逆转录成cDNA,RT-qPCR方法检测炎症因子表达。结果显示,两种药物对TNF-α、IL-6、CCL2/MCP-1和CXCL-10/IP-10等炎症因子的mRNA表达具有显著抑制作用,具有剂量依赖关系(见图3)。
实验例2:
临床研究1
一 资料与方法
1、对象选择
从临床病例中收集符合新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊断标准的,经痰液、咽拭子、下呼吸道分泌物等标本行核酸检测判定为新型冠状病毒核酸阳性者。
纳入标准:年龄在18周岁以上的,符合新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊断标准、体温>37.2℃的普通型住院患者。
排除标准:(1)重型、危重型新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎患者;(2)非2019-nCoV引起的急性呼吸道疾病;(3)任何其他慢性呼吸道疾病,呼吸系统细菌感染如化脓性扁桃体炎,急性气管-支气管炎,鼻窦炎,中耳炎等其他影响临床试验评估的呼吸道疾病;(4)需每日治疗的哮喘,胸部CT证实存在严重的肺间质病变、支气管扩张等基础性肺部疾病患者;(5)伴有严重的原发性免疫缺陷病、获得性免疫缺陷综合征、先天性呼吸道畸形、先天性心脏病、肺发育异常等基础疾病。
2、分组方法:
A.试验药物组:21例,年龄大于18周岁、体温>37.2℃,符合新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊断标准的普通型住院患者,服用本发明药物组合物,治疗方案为常规治疗(参照国家卫健委发布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控方案》)加用本发明药物组合物,1袋/次,3次/日;将年龄、体温作为协变量,使用logistic回归模型计算倾向评分值,按1:1的比例进行匹配。
B.匹配的21例患者作为对照组,治疗方案为常规治疗,所述常规治疗为根据病情监测给予营养支持治疗、对症治疗、抗病毒治疗及抗菌药物治疗等。
3、评价指标 比较试验药物组和对照组主要症状(发热、乏力、咳嗽)消失率、发热消失时间及其他单项症状的消失率。
4、统计学方法 统计分析采用SAS 9.4软件。所有的统计检验均采用双侧检验,P值小于或等于0.05将被认为所检验的差别有统计意义。描述性分析:计数资料采用例数及构成比描述,计量资料采用均数、标准差描述。定量资料的组间比较采用t检验,分类数据采用卡方检验或精确概率法。
二、结果
1、基线资料
纳入符合要求的新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎确诊普通型患者共42例,试验药物组男性16例(76.2%),女性5例(23.8%),平均年龄(57.1±14.0)周岁;对照组男性12例(57.1%),女性9例(42.9%),平均年龄 (55.4±12.3)周岁。两组患者年龄、性别,以及体温、血压、心率、呼吸、既往病史、发病到确诊的时间等基线资料,组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,详见表2。
表2治疗组和对照组基线资料
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000013
2、主要症状消失率两组结果比较:(1)基线资料:试验药物组21例,其中发热21例(100%)、咳嗽15例(71.4%)、乏力12例(57.1%);对照组21例,其中发热21例(100%)、咳嗽18例(85.7%)、乏力13例(61.9%),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)治疗结果:与对照组比较,试验药物组发热症状消失18例(85.7%)、咳嗽症状消失7例(46.7%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),详见表3。
表3治疗组和对照组主要症状消失率
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000015
3、发热持续时间两组结果比较:试验药物组21例,发热持续时间(4.6±3.2)d;对照组21例,发热持续时间(6.1±3.1)d,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.218)。
4、其他症状消失率两组结果比较:与对照组比较,治疗组咳痰、气促症状消失率分别为64.3%、77.8%,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),详见表4。
表4治疗组和对照组其他症状消失率
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000016
本发明在研究过程中,纳入42例有发热症状的新型冠状病毒感染 的肺炎确诊患者,同时伴有不同程度的咳嗽、乏力、咳痰、肌肉痛、气促、咽痛、恶心、呕吐、食欲减退、腹泻等症状。在治疗的过程中,我们惊喜的发现,加服采用本发明药物组合物实施例4的颗粒剂的治疗组患者,在服药期间,能够明显缓解发热、咳嗽、咳痰、气促等临床症状,且在发热消失时间方面较对照组平均缩短1.5天,也显示出该药在改善发热症状方面有其临床优势。同时该药在改善乏力、肌肉痛、鼻塞、头疼症状方面也显示出向好的趋势。
本研究选取入组的患者为轻中度的新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎患者,是考虑到轻中度患者能够更好的交流和反馈用药疗效,并非代表重症患者不能服用。
实验例3:
临床研究2
1临床资料
1.1诊断标准
参照《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第四版)》关于疑似病例诊断标准,有旅游、居住、接触、聚集流行病学史中的任何一条,临床表现为发热和/或呼吸道症状、早期白细胞总数正常/降低/淋巴细胞计数减少、具有NCP影像学特征中的任意2条,即可被确定为疑似病例。
1.2纳入标准
符合上述疑似病例诊断标准,年龄在18周岁以上、具有NCP影像学特征的住院患者。
1.3排除标准
重型、危重型NCP确诊患者;支气管哮喘患者;胸部X射线计算机体层摄影装置(CT)证实存在严重的肺间质病变、支气管扩张等基础性肺部疾病患者;伴有严重的免疫缺陷病、先天性呼吸道畸形、先天性心脏病、肺发育异常等基础疾病。
1.4一般资料
收集疑似患者101例,其中应用常规治疗的患者38例为对照组;常规治疗联合本发明药物(LHQW)的患者63例为治疗组。两组患者年龄、性别,以及体温、血压、心率、呼吸、既往病史、发热、乏力、咳嗽及常规治疗、主要实验室检查指标等基线资料,组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验结果具有可比性。治疗组与对照组的患者情况一般资料见表5。
表5两组一般资料比较
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000017
2方法
2.1治疗方法
两组患者进行病情监测,给予营养支持治疗、对症治疗、抗病毒治 疗及抗菌药物治疗等,主要治疗药物为盐酸莫西沙星氯化钠注射液,0.4g,1次/日,成都正康药业有限公司生产,批号3419111102;更昔洛韦注射液,0.5g,1次/日,湖北科益药业股份有限公司生产,批号191003;静注人免疫球蛋白,2.5g,1次/日,贵州泰邦生物制品有限公司生产,批号201906026;盐酸氨溴索注射液,30mg,2次/日,天津药业集团有限公司生产,批号1906116;注射用多索茶碱,0.2g,1次/日,瑞阳制药有限公司生产,批号19082116;注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠,40mg,1次/日,辽宁海思科制药有限公司生产,批号20191027。
对照组:单纯给予上述治疗。
治疗组:在上述治疗的基础上联合本发明药物,6g/袋,每次1袋,每日3次。收集治疗10天后患者的临床资料
2.2观察指标及方法
2.2.1比较两组患者主要症状消失情况:(发热、乏力、咳嗽)消失率、发热消失时间及其他单项症状和体征(肌肉痛、咳痰、鼻塞、流涕、咽痛、气促、胸闷、呼吸困难、头疼、恶心、呕吐、食欲减退、腹泻、湿啰音)的消失率、治疗过程中病情加重情况。
2.2.2安全性评价:治疗前后检测血常规、尿常规、大便常规、肝功能、肾功能。
2.3统计学方法
统计分析采用SAS 9.4软件。所有的统计检验均采用双侧检验,描述性分析的计数资料采用例数及构成比描述,计量资料采用均数±标准差描述。计量资料的组间比较采用t检验,计数资料采用卡方检验或精确概率法。发热持续时间采用生存分析法。以P≤0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
3结果
3.1两组患者主要症状消失率的比较
表6示,与对照组比较,治疗组发热、咳嗽、乏力症状消失情况均明显优于对照组(均P<0.05)。
表6两组患者主要症状消失率比较
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000018
3.2两组患者发热持续时间的比较
治疗组共有发热患者52例,中位发热持续时间为6天;对照组共有发热患者23例,:中位发热持续时间7天,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.171)。
3.3两组患者其他症状、体征消失率的比较
表7示,治疗组气促症状及湿啰音消失率分别为68.2%和56.0%,明显优于对照组的20.0%和20.0%(χ 2=9.817、4.972),两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间其他症状消失率比较则均无统计学差异。
表7两组患者其他症状和体征消失情况比较
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000019
3.4两组患者治疗过程中病情加重情况
治疗组63例,治疗过程中病情加重4例(6.4%);对照组38例,治疗过程中病情加重6例(15.8%),两组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。
3.5安全性分析
治疗过程中,治疗组血常规,肝、肾功能等实验室检查均未出现与本发明药物有关的异常情况,未见本发明药物的不良反应,临床应用安全性良好。
实验例4:
临床研究3
1对象和方法
1.1研究对象 收集就诊的患者,符合《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第五版)》普通型诊断标准,经痰液、咽拭子、下呼吸道分泌物等标本进行核酸检测判定为NCP阳性的患者临床资料,应用本发明药物(LHQW)联合常规治疗(根据病情监测给予营养支持治疗、对症治疗、抗病毒治疗及抗菌药物治疗等)的患者54例。
1.2研究方法 分析54例NCP普通型患者的临床资料,包括主要症状(发热、乏力、咳嗽)分别在3天、5天、7天的消失率、发热消失天数及其他症状体征消失率等进行回顾性总结分析,同时以主要症状“无”计0分,“有”计1分,症状积分减分率>30%的判为治疗有效,≤30%的判为治疗无效,分析治疗7天后所有患者的治疗有效率。
2结果
2.1一般资料 54例住院患者年龄25岁~95岁,平均(60.1±16.98)岁;其中男性29例(53.7%),女性25例(46.3%);平均体温(37.93±0.93)℃,中位温度38.05℃;确诊前最高体温(38.54±0.60)℃;心率平均(87.9±11.80)次/分,中位次数85.5次/分,最高112次/分;呼吸平均(21.1±3.78)次/分,中位次数20.0次/分,最高30.0次/分;既往高血压病史21例(38.9%),冠心病病史7例(13.0%),糖尿病病史10例(18.5%),脑梗死病史10例(18.5%);实验室检查:54例患者白细 胞在正常范围内的31例(64.6%),低于正常值9例(18.8%),高于正常值8例(16.7%);中性粒细胞在正常范围内的25例(52.1%),高于正常值23例(47.9%);淋巴细胞在正常范围内的14例(29.2%),低于正常值34例(70.8%);超敏C反应蛋白均高于正常值(100%);全部患者应用本发明药物平均天数(8.0±4.10)天,中位天数7.0天,最短1.0天,最长16.0天。
表8 NCP普通型患者一般资料
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000020
2.2主要症状(发热、乏力、咳嗽)消失率 ①治疗前:54例患者中伴有发热40例(74.1%),乏力37例(68.5%),咳嗽30例(55.6%);②治疗3天后,发热症状消失19例(消失率47.5%),乏力症状消失13例(消失率35.1%),咳嗽症状消失6例(消失率20.0%);③治疗5天后,发热症状消失25例(消失率62.5%),乏力症状消失22例(消失率59.5%),咳嗽症状消失15例(消失率50.0%);④治疗7天后,发热症状消失32例(消失率80.0%),乏力症状消失28例(消失率75.7%),咳嗽症状消失23例(消失率76.7%)。结果见表9。
表9 NCP普通型患者主要症状消失率
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000022
2.3主要症状(发热、乏力、咳嗽)消失天数 ①发热症状平均消失天数(3.6±2.14)天,中位消失天数3.0天,最短1.0天消失,最长8.0天消失;②乏力症状平均消失天数(4.1±2.58)天,中位消失天数4.0天,最短1.0天消失,最长12.0天消失;③咳嗽症状平均消失天数(5.3±2.63)天,中位消失天数5.0天,最短1.0天消失,最长12.0天消失。
2.4其他症状体征消失率 ①治疗前:54例患者中伴有胸闷13例(24.1%),呼吸困难8例(14.8%),食欲减退10例(18.5%),湿啰音19例(35.2%);②治疗7天后:伴有胸闷症状2例,消失11例(消失率84.6%);呼吸困难症状0例,消失8例(消失率100%);食欲减退症状6例,消失4例(40.0%);湿啰音体征2例,消失17例(消失率89.5%)。结果见表10。
表10 NCP普通型患者其他症状体征消失率
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000023
2.5治疗有效率 治疗3天后,54例NCP患者中有效23例(有效率46.9%);治疗5天后,有效34例(有效率69.4%);治疗7天后,有效40例(有效率81.6%)。结果见表11。
表11 NCP普通型患者治疗有效率
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000024
2.6安全性分析 经分析在应用本发明药物联合常规治疗过程中,血常规、肝肾功能等实验室检查均未出现与本发明药物有关的异常情况,未见本发明药物的不良反应,临床应用安全性良好。
实验例5:
1对象和方法
1.1研究对象 收集患者病例,所述患者经痰液、咽拭子、下呼吸道分泌物等标本进行核酸检测判定为NCP阳性。
1.2纳入标准 年龄在18周岁至70周岁之间,符合《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第五版)》NCP普通型诊断标准,且住院治疗6天以上的患者。
1.3排除标准 ①重型、危重型NCP患者;②任何其他慢性呼吸道疾病、呼吸系统细菌感染如化脓性扁桃体炎、急性气管-支气管炎、鼻窦炎、中耳炎等其他影响评估的呼吸道疾病;③伴有严重的肺间质病变、支气管扩张、原发性免疫缺陷病、先天性呼吸道畸形、先天性心脏病、肺发育异常等基础疾病;④伴有严重的肝脏疾病(谷草转氨酶AST、谷丙转氨酶ALT超过正常上限值5倍),或存在严重肾功能不全或正在接受连续性肾脏替代治疗、血液透析、腹膜透析的患者;⑤存在多处转移且不能实施切除术的恶性肿瘤、血液病、恶液质、活动性出血、严重营养不良、HIV等,或患有严重神经、精神类疾病等。
1.4分组方法 收集符合纳入标准的患者,其中应用本发明药物治疗大于等于5天的患者纳入统计,计51例,以年龄、体温、病程为协变量,使用Logistic回归模型计算倾向评分值;另外,按1:1比例匹配51例患者为对照组,接受常规治疗。
1.5治疗方法 对照组:接受常规治疗,即单纯营养支持治疗、对症治疗、抗病毒治疗及抗菌药物治疗;治疗组:在常规治疗的基础上联合本发明药物(LHQW),6g/袋,每次1袋,每日3次。收集治疗7天患者的临床资料。
1.6观察指标 分析两组患者的临床资料,包括主要症状(发热、乏力、咳嗽)的消失率、消失天数,以及其他症状体征消失率、主要症状有效率、CT好转率、临床转重型率等。
1.7评价标准 ①症状消失率:症状消失率=治疗后症状消失的例数/总病例数×100%;②主要症状有效率:主要症状(发热、乏力、咳嗽)“无”计0分,“有”计1分,症状积分减分率=(治疗前得分-治疗后得分)/治疗前得分×100%,症状积分减分率>30%的时判为治疗有效,≤30%的时判为治疗无效;治疗有效率=治疗后判定为有效的例数/总病例数 ×100%。③CT好转率=治疗后肺部影像学(CT)显示较前改善的例数/总病例数×100%;④临床转重型率:参照《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第五版)》重型诊断标准 [15],临床转重型率=普通型转为重型的病例数/总病例数×100%。
1.8统计学方法 统计分析采用SAS 9.4软件,所有的统计检验均采用双侧检验,描述性分析的计数资料采用例数及构成比描述,计量资料采用均数±标准差描述。计量资料的组间比较采用t检验,计数资料采用卡方检验或精确概率法。发热持续时间采用生存分析法。以P≤0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1一般资料
收集符合要求的确诊普通型患者共102例,包括治疗组51例和对照组51例。
治疗组中男性26例(51.0%),女性25例(49.0%),平均(55.5±12.3)岁,平均体温(38.44±0.63)℃;收缩压(122.6±11.9)mmHg,舒张压(75.0±9.2)mmHg;心率平均(89.0±11.6)次/分,呼吸平均(19.8±2.4)次/分。既往高血压病史15例(29.4%),冠心病病史5例(9.8%),糖尿病病史4例(7.8%),脑梗死病史3例(5.9%);实验室检查:血白细胞下降13例(25.5%),淋巴细胞下降20例(39.2%),超敏C反应蛋白升高40例(78.4%),血沉升高20例(39.2%),降钙素原升高16例(31.4%);
对照组51例,其中男性27例(52.9%),女性24例(47.1%),平均(55.8±11.6)岁,平均体温(38.33±0.64)℃,收缩压(127.0±16.3)mmHg,舒张压(74.8±10.3)mmHg;心率平均(88.7±13.4)次/分,呼吸平均(20.0±2.8)次/分,既往高血压病史17例(33.3%),冠心病病史2例(3.9%),糖尿病病史4例(7.8%),脑梗死病史6例(11.8%);实验室检查:血白细胞下降16例(31.4%),淋巴细胞下降24例(47.1%),超敏C反应蛋白升高42例(82.4%),血沉升高24例(47.1%),降钙素原升高17例(33.3%)。
两组患者在年龄、性别,以及体温、血压、心率、呼吸、既往病史、实验室检查结果等基线资料方面组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。结果见表12。
表12两组患者一般资料比较
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000025
注:男性、既往病史、实验室检查结果为计数资料,采用卡方检验比较;其余为计量资料,采用t检验比较。1mmHg≈0.133kPa。
2.2两组患者主要症状消失率的比较
①基线资料:治疗组51例,其中发热43例(84.3%)、乏力31例(60.8%)、咳嗽37例(72.6%);对照组51例,其中发热41例(80.4%)、乏力35例(68.6%)、咳嗽39例(76.5%);组间比较差异无统计学意义。②治疗7天后,与对照组比较,治疗组发热症状消失36例(83.7%),显著优于对照组的25例(61.0%)(x 2=5.461,P=0.019);乏力症状消失19例(61.3%),显著优于对照组的12例(34.3%)(x 2=4.813,P=0.028);咳嗽症状消失23例(62.2%),显著优于对照组的14例(35.9%)(x 2=5.243,P=0.022);上述组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果见表13。
表13两组患者主要症状消失率比较
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000026
2.3两组患者主要症状消失时间比较
治疗组共有发热消失患者36例,平均持续时间为(2.9±1.67)天,乏力消失19例,平均持续时间为(3.5±1.50)天,咳嗽消失23例,平均持续时间为(3.9±1.98)天;对照组共有发热消失患者25例,平均持续时间为(3.9±1.29)天,乏力消失12例,平均持续时间为(4.8±1.53)天,咳嗽消失14例,平均持续时间为(5.2±1.76)天。治疗组患者主要症状(发热、乏力、咳嗽)消失时间均短于对照组,组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果见表14。
表14两组患者主要症状消失时间比较
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000027
2.4两组患者主要症状有效率比较
治疗7天后,治疗组51例患者中主要症状治疗有效44例,有效率86.3%;对照组51例患者中主要症状治疗有效35例,有效率68.6%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.033)。
2.5两组患者其他症状体征消失率的比较
①基线资料:治疗组51例,其中肌肉痛9例(17.7%)、咳痰20例(39.2%)、气促13例(25.5%)、胸闷11例(21.6%)、呼吸困难3例(5.9%)、恶心7例(13.7%)、食欲减退23例(45.1%)、肺部湿啰音22例(43.1%);对照组51例,其中肌肉痛11例(21.6%)、咳痰19例(37.3%)、气促14例(27.5%)、胸闷19例(37.3%)、呼吸困难7例(13.7%)、恶心5例(9.8%)、食欲减退26例(51.0%)、肺部湿啰音23例(45.1%);组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②治疗7天后,治疗组咳痰、气促、胸闷、食欲减退症状及湿啰音体征消失11例(55.0%)、8例(61.5%)、6例(54.6%)、8例(34.8%)、10例(45.5%),相应的对照组分别消失3例(15.8%)、2例(14.3%)、3例(15.8%)、2例(7.7%)、3例(13.0%),两组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组肌肉痛、呼吸困难、恶心消失6例(66.7%)、2例(66.7%)、4例(57.1%),相应的对照组分别消失2例(18.2%)、2例(28.6%)、2例(40.0%),两组间比较差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结果见表15。
表15治疗组和对照组其他症状、体征消失率比较
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000029
2.6两组患者治疗过程中转重型情况分析
治疗组51例,治疗过程中转重型4例(7.8%);对照组51例,转重型11例(21.6%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
2.7两组肺部影像学(CT)好转率比较
治疗7天后,治疗组51例,肺部CT显示好转28例(54.9%);对照组51例,肺部CT显示好转23例(45.1%),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
临床研究结果表明,在给予本发明的药物组合物后,普通型的早期和中期患者,症状明显改善,经过治疗以后容易痊愈,且中期患者病人项重症转化明显减少,有效地避免了向重度和危重度的转化。且危重病人加服本发明药物组合物后,血氧饱和度稳定,呼吸困难改善,肺的炎症吸收得到促进,且避免了引起间质性肺炎、肺纤维化等后遗症。结果表明,本发明药物组合物可以明显改善发热、咳嗽、乏力、气促、肺部湿啰音等与疾病相关的临床症状体征;同时治疗组转重症比例也出现明显的下降趋势,显示本发明药物组合物对于疑似病例有助于改善临床症状、缓解疾病严重程度等具有良好临床疗效。
实验例6
体外细胞研究
1、材料和方法
1.1细胞系和病毒:非洲绿猴肾上皮细胞(Vero E6)和人肝癌细胞系Huh-7购自ATCC。培养条件:含有10%胎牛血清(FBS)的Dulbecco改良Eagle培养基(DMEM,Gibco,美国)。培养温度:37℃。新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是广州医科大学附属第一医院的临床分离株。
1.2供试品:A.本发明的药物组合物(LHQW,实施例4),供试品原液的配制及保存:将供试品溶解于二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,-20℃保存。B.瑞德西韦(Remdesivir),由中国科学院广州生物医药与健康研究所的张建村教授提供,瑞德西韦用DMEM培养基溶解。
1.3细胞毒性试验:通过MTT法评价LHQW对Vero E6细胞和Huh-7细胞的细胞毒性作用。将生长于96孔板中的单层Vero E6细胞和Huh-7细胞弃掉原培养液,用PBS冲洗,加入不同浓度的供试品溶液孵育72小时。72小时后,将细胞用0.5mg/mL的MTT溶液染色4小时。弃掉上清,将形成的甲臜晶体溶于200μL二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中。使用全波长酶标仪(Thermo Fisher,美国)测定570nm处的吸光度。
1.4细胞病变抑制试验:在96孔板中接种Vero E6细胞,待其生长至单层细胞后,接种滴度为100TCID50的冠状病毒菌株,在37℃条件下培养2小时。弃掉培养液,加入不同浓度的LHQW溶液或阳性对照品瑞德西韦,孵育72小时。72小时后,被感染的Vero E6细胞在显微镜下显示出100%的细胞病变。记录经LHQW处理的细胞中细胞病变的百分比。计算LHQW对病毒诱导的细胞病变半数抑制浓度(IC 50)。
1.5空斑减数实验:将Vero E6细胞在6孔板上培养至单层,弃掉上清液,用PBS冲洗,将50PFU的SARS-CoV-2病毒加入平板中,孵育2小时。弃掉上清,加入每毫升含1.2%琼脂糖(Invitrogen,美国)的基础培养基和不同浓度的LHQW或阳性对照品瑞德昔韦,37℃孵育48小时后,4%福尔马林固定20分钟,1%结晶紫染色3分钟。计算空斑抑制率,并计算药物对病毒的半数抑制浓度(IC 50)。
1.6 RT-qPCR方法:将接种在12孔板中的Huh-7单层细胞用PBS冲洗,在37℃条件下,以感染复数MOI=1用冠状病毒感染2小时。弃掉上清,用含2%FBS的培养基将供试品稀释至所需浓度,加入到12孔板中,连续孵育48小时。将收集到的细胞用于RNA分离和qPCR检测。用于分析的引物和探针序列见表16。使用GAPDH作为内参因子,采用2-△△Ct方法计算mRNA相对表达。
Table16 Primers for qRT-PCR used in this study
Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-000030
1.7电子显微镜分析:对细胞进行固定、脱水和包埋。将包埋好的蜡块切成70nm的超薄切片。用乙酸铀酰和柠檬酸铅染色,然后在JEM-1400PLUS透射电子显微镜下阅片。
2、统计分析
使用GraphPad Prism 7.0软件进行统计分析。使用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)比较各组促炎细胞因子mRNA表达水平的差异。检验统计显著性水平设为p<0.05。
3、结果
3.1 LHQW对SARS-CoV-2的体外抗病毒活性
通过MTT测定法测定Vero E6细胞经LHQW或瑞德西韦处理后的细胞活力。在600μg/mL浓度下,LHQW对VeroE6细胞有明显的细胞毒性(结果见图4A)。阳性对照瑞德西韦在浓度为50μM时对细胞无细胞毒性(结果见图4B)。
如图5A所示,通过细胞病变抑制试验和空斑减数实验检测LHQW 对SARS-CoV-2病毒的抑制作用,IC 50值为411.2μg/mL(见图5A,5C)。瑞德西韦对SARS-CoV-2病毒的IC 50值为0.651μM。
Vero E6细胞经病毒感染48小时后,在细胞质、细胞内囊泡、内质网和细胞膜中发现了病毒粒子,并在电子显微镜下观察到典型的冠状病毒形态(见图6B,6F)。经LHQW(600μg)处理后,病毒表达量减少(见图6C,6G)。更有意义的是,经LHQW处理的细胞改变了病毒形态:在细胞表面上存在许多椭圆形病毒粒子(见图6H),这与病毒感染的细胞中呈球、尖头的病毒粒子(见图6B和6F)不同。
3.2 LHQW对SARS-CoV-2诱导的细胞因子和趋化因子表达的抑制作用
为了确定LHQW在抑制SAR2-CoV-2诱导的细胞因子和趋化因子表达中的作用,经LHQW处理后测定细胞中TNF-α,IL-6,CCL-2/MCP-1和CXCL-10/IP-10的mRNA表达水平。结果表明,细胞因子和趋化因子的表达在病毒感染48小时后升高,LHQW对这些细胞因子和趋化因子有明显的抑制作用,而且这种抑制作用有浓度依赖性。结果见图7。
结论
上述研究结果表明,本发明的药物组合物LHQW可通过抑制病毒复制并减少宿主细胞释放细胞因子来发挥抗新型冠状病毒活性的作用。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种药物组合物在制备用于预防和治疗新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎的药物中的应用,其中所述药物组合物由下列重量份的原料药制成:
    Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-100001
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述药物组合物由下列重量份的原料药制成:
    Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-100002
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述药物组合物由下列重量份的原料药制成:
    Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-100003
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述药物组合物由下列重量份的原料药制成:
    Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-100004
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述药物组合物由下列重量份的原料药制成:
    Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2021074783-appb-100006
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的应用,其中所述药物组合物所述药物组合物的活性成分由以下步骤制成:
    (1)按照原料药重量比例称取中药材,净选;
    (2)广藿香碎断,加5-8倍量水提取挥发油,提油时间4小时,收集挥发油,备用;提取液过滤后,残渣弃去,滤液备用;
    (3)连翘、炙麻黄、鱼腥草、大黄,用6-10倍量50-90%的乙醇提取2次,每次1-3小时,提取液合并过滤,回收乙醇,醇提液备用;
    (4)金银花、石膏、板蓝根、绵马贯众、甘草、红景天,加7-11倍量水煎煮至沸,加入炒苦杏仁、煎煮2次,每次0.5-2.5小时,提取液合并过滤,所得滤液与步骤(2)广藿香提油后的滤液合并,浓缩成在60℃时测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的清膏,加乙醇,调节至醇浓度为70%,冷藏放置,过滤,回收乙醇至无醇味,得清膏备用;
    (5)将步骤(4)所得清膏与步骤(3)所得醇提液合并,浓缩至在60℃时测定相对密度为1.15-1.20的清膏,干燥,得干膏粉,备用;
    (6)将步骤(5)所得干膏粉、步骤(2)所得挥发油与薄荷脑混合,制得该药物组合物的活性成分。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的应用,其中所述药物为胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、颗粒剂、口服液、丸剂、酊剂、糖浆剂、栓剂、凝胶剂、喷雾剂或注射剂的形式。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的应用,其中所述胶囊剂是由包括如下步骤的方法制成的:
    (1)按照原料药重量比例称取中药材,净选;
    (2)广藿香碎断,加5-8倍量水提取挥发油,提油时间4小时,收集挥发油,备用;提取液过滤后,残渣弃去,滤液备用;
    (3)连翘、炙麻黄、鱼腥草、大黄,用6-10倍量50-90%的乙醇提取2次,每次1-3小时,提取液合并过滤,回收乙醇,滤液备用;
    (4)金银花、石膏、板蓝根、绵马贯众、甘草、红景天,加7-11倍量水煎煮至沸,加入炒苦杏仁、煎煮2次,每次0.5-2.5小时,提取液合并过滤,所得滤液与步骤(2)广藿香提油后的滤液合并,浓缩成在60℃时测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的清膏,加乙醇,调节至醇浓度为70%,冷藏放置,过滤,回收乙醇至无醇味,得清膏备用;
    (5)步骤(4)所得清膏与步骤(3)所得醇提液合并,浓缩至在60℃时测定相对密度为1.15-1.20的清膏,干燥,得干膏粉,备用;
    (6)向步骤(5)所得干膏粉中加入适当药学上可接受的辅料,制得颗粒;
    (7)将薄荷脑、步骤(2)所得挥发油加入乙醇中溶解,喷入步骤(6)所得颗粒,密闭,混匀,装入胶囊,即得。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的应用,其中所述颗粒剂是由包括如下步骤的方法制成的:
    (1)按照原料药重量比例称取中药材,净选,酌情碎断;
    (2)广藿香碎断,加5-8倍量水提取挥发油,提油时间4小时,收集挥发油,备用;提取液过滤后,残渣弃去,滤液备用;
    (3)连翘、炙麻黄、鱼腥草、大黄,用6-10倍量50-90%的乙醇提取2次,每次1-3小时,提取液合并过滤,回收乙醇,滤液备用;
    (4)金银花、石膏、板蓝根、绵马贯众、甘草、红景天,加7-11倍量水煎煮至沸,加入炒苦杏仁,煎煮2次,每次0.5-2.5小时,提取液合并过滤,所得滤液与步骤(2)广藿香提油后的滤液合并,浓缩成在60℃时测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的清膏,加入乙醇,调解至醇浓度为70%,冷藏放置,过滤,回收乙醇至无醇味,得清膏备用;
    (5)将步骤(4)所得所得清膏与步骤(3)所得醇提液合并,浓缩至在60℃时测定相对密度为1.15-1.20的清膏,干燥,得干膏粉,备用;
    (6)向步骤(5)所得干膏粉中加入适当药学上可接受的辅料,制得颗粒;
    (7)将薄荷脑、步骤(2)所得挥发油加入乙醇中溶解,喷入步骤(6) 所得颗粒,密闭,混匀,装袋,即得。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的应用,其中所述颗粒剂是由包括如下步骤的方法制成的:
    (1)按照原料药重量比例称取中药材,净选,酌情碎断;
    (2)广藿香碎断,加6倍量水提取挥发油,提油时间4小时,收集挥发油,出油率为0.33±0.05%,备用;提取液过滤后,残渣弃去,滤液备用;
    (3)连翘、炙麻黄、鱼腥草、大黄,用8倍量70%的乙醇提取2次,第一次2小时,第二次1.5小时,提取液合并过滤,回收乙醇,滤液备用;
    (4)金银花、石膏、板蓝根、绵马贯众、甘草、红景天,加9倍量水煎煮至沸,加入炒苦杏仁、煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,第二次1小时,提取液合并过滤,所得滤液与步骤(2)广藿香提油后的水提液合并,浓缩成在60℃时测定相对密度为1.10-1.15的清膏,加95%乙醇,调节至醇浓度为70%,冷藏放置,过滤,回收乙醇至无醇味,得清膏;
    (5)将步骤(4)所得清膏与步骤(3)所得醇提液合并,浓缩至在60℃时测定相对密度为1.15-1.20的稠膏,备用;
    (6)向步骤(5)所得稠膏中加入适当药学上可接受的辅料,制得颗粒,整粒,备用;
    (7)将步骤(6)所得颗粒筛出细粉,将薄荷脑、步骤(2)所得挥发油加入乙醇溶解,喷入细粉中,混合均匀后,与步骤(6)所得颗粒混合均匀,密闭半小时,装袋,即得。
  11. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的应用,其中所述药物用于改善气促和/或呼吸困难。
  12. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的应用,其中所述药物用于改善发热、咳嗽、乏力。
  13. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的应用,其中所述药物用于改善胸闷。
  14. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的应用,其中所述药物用于改善肺部湿啰音。
  15. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的应用,其中所述药物用于抑制细胞因子和趋化因子升高。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的应用,其中所述细胞因子和趋化因子选自TNF-α、IL-6、CCL-2/MCP-1和CXCL-10/IP-10。
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