WO2021148454A1 - Dispositif et procédé pour détecter un flux d'humidité - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour détecter un flux d'humidité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021148454A1
WO2021148454A1 PCT/EP2021/051173 EP2021051173W WO2021148454A1 WO 2021148454 A1 WO2021148454 A1 WO 2021148454A1 EP 2021051173 W EP2021051173 W EP 2021051173W WO 2021148454 A1 WO2021148454 A1 WO 2021148454A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
diffusion
sensor
partial surface
building
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/051173
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Krus
Stefan Bichlmair
Ralf Kilian
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Publication of WO2021148454A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021148454A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/56—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
    • G01N2013/003—Diffusion; diffusivity between liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a humidity flow sensor, a device for the integral detection of the humidity flow through a component of a building, a method for determining the humidity flow through a component of a building and a method for the integral detection of the humidity flow.
  • Devices and methods of this type are used to record the moisture transport through porous building materials.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of measuring the entry of moisture through wall, roof or floor surfaces.
  • a humidity flow sensor which has at least one first sensor and at least one second sensor.
  • the first and second sensors can be set up to determine the water vapor partial pressure and / or the absolute humidity.
  • these variables can be determined indirectly, in that the first and / or the second sensor are set up to detect a temperature and a relative humidity. The absolute humidity can then be determined from the saturation vapor pressure at the measured temperature and the relative humidity.
  • the housing which can be placed on the component to be monitored.
  • the housing has an open side or an open area or partial area which can be brought into contact with the component of the building.
  • the component to be monitored can be a floor area or a wall area or a roof area.
  • the housing is thus connected to the building in a substantially vapor-tight manner, for example by screwing or gluing.
  • a sealing element can be provided between the component and the housing, so that an uncontrolled exchange of air at the interface between the housing and the component is avoided.
  • a sealing element can be selected from a silicone adhesive, a resin, a ductile metal or an elastomer.
  • the housing has at least one partial area that is open to diffusion.
  • the other boundary walls of the housing are essentially diffusion-tight.
  • the housing can thus consist of plastic, metal or glass, so that moisture can penetrate cannot escape through this part of the housing.
  • the at least one diffusion-open partial surface can, for example, be a polymer membrane, which represents a diffusion resistance to free air exchange, which, however, is lower than the diffusion resistance of the other housing walls.
  • Moisture that diffuses through the building component thus penetrates the housing via the open underside and leaves the housing through the partial surface that is open to diffusion. Due to the diffusion resistance of the partial surface of the housing, a higher relative humidity or a higher water vapor partial pressure is established inside the housing than outside the housing.
  • the first sensor is now arranged inside the housing and the second sensor outside the housing.
  • the moisture flow through the partial area can thus be determined from the different water vapor partial pressure inside and outside the housing or from the different absolute humidity.
  • the moisture flow through the moisture flow sensor according to the invention can in practice be somewhat less than the moisture flow through the surrounding surface of the building component. In some embodiments of the invention, this fact can be taken into account by applying a correction factor to the measured values of the wet flow. Nevertheless, it could be shown that the moisture flow through the moisture flow sensor does not deviate significantly from the moisture flow through the wall surface unaffected by the sensor, so that the data obtained from the moisture flow sensor can accurately record the moisture flow into or out of the building.
  • a device for the integral detection of the moisture flow proposed by a component.
  • the device contains at least a first housing and at least a second housing.
  • the housings have on one side a diffusion-open partial surface functioning as a diffusion resistance and are otherwise closed on all sides in a diffusion-tight manner.
  • the housings according to this embodiment of the invention can also be made of a metal, an alloy or a plastic or glass.
  • the housings can have a polygonal or round cross-section.
  • a side or a partial area of a side can be designed as a diffusion-open partial area, for example by inserting a membrane.
  • the device according to the invention consists of two such housings, one housing being intended to be arranged with the diffusion-open partial surface in contact with the component through which the moisture flow is to be detected. At least one second housing is arranged in the building in such a way that the partial area open to diffusion faces the interior of the building.
  • both housings are attached to the component to be monitored adjacent to one another, next to one another or one above the other, so that they are exposed to the same temperature.
  • a predeterminable amount of a drying agent is introduced into each housing.
  • the desiccant can be removed from the housings and the water content of the desiccant can be determined by weighing.
  • the time span can be chosen so that the desiccant is not yet completely saturated with moisture.
  • the moisture that has diffused through the component into the first housing within the period of time can thus be recorded.
  • the partial area which is open to diffusion can have an S d value of approximately 0.05 m to approximately 50 m for water vapor. In other embodiments of the invention, the partial area which is open to diffusion can have an S d value of approximately 0.2 m to approximately 2.0 m for water vapor.
  • the s-value stands for the water vapor diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness. The s-value thus indicates the thickness of an unmoving layer of air, which has the same diffusion resistance for water vapor as the material under consideration.
  • the S d value is determined and added up in layers. The S d value of an individual layer of material results from the product of the thickness of this layer of material and the dimensionless diffusion resistance factor for water vapor.
  • the diffusion resistance number is a material property.
  • the partial area open to diffusion can contain or consist of polytetrafluoroethylene and / or polyethylene.
  • the partial area open to diffusion can contain a porous shaped body, for example made of a ceramic, a thermoplastic or a thermosetting plastic.
  • the partial area open to diffusion can contain or consist of a polymer.
  • the S d value of the partial area open to diffusion is selected in such a way that a measurable moisture gradient results between the interior of the housing and the exterior of the housing, so that a moisture flow is generated from the different partial pressure can be calculated.
  • the s d value must be so low that sufficient moisture can diffuse into the interior of the building and the moisture is not completely retained. As a compromise between these requirements, the specified values have proven to be advantageous.
  • the drying agent can be selected from silica gel and / or at least one zeolite and / or calcium chloride and / or phosphorus pentoxide and / or at least one molecular sieve and / or bentonite.
  • These desiccants have a sufficient storage capacity, so that a sufficiently accurate detection of the integral moisture flow is possible without completely saturating the desiccant.
  • the apparatus or the measurement setup can be divided into several zones in order to avoid edge effects.
  • the central zone can have a smaller edge effect.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 explains the operating principle of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b show measured values of the moisture flow and the calculated moisture flow versus time.
  • FIG. 5 shows the absolute moisture input versus time.
  • FIG. 1 shows the cross section through a component 3 of a building, for example a wall or a floor surface.
  • the wall 3 has an outside 31 and an inside 32.
  • the component 3 can be moistened on its outside 31, for example by driving rain or by rising moisture from the ground.
  • a moisture gradient between the outside and the inside of the building leads to a moisture flow 4, i.e. to an entry of moisture into the building.
  • a moisture flow 4 i.e. to an entry of moisture into the building.
  • a device 1 according to the invention which contains at least one housing 2, is used to measure the moisture flux 4.
  • the housing 2 can have a polygonal or round cross section and be delimited by a wall 26.
  • the wall 26 can be made of glass, metal or plastic and have a wall thickness of approximately 0.5 to approximately 50 mm, so that the wall 26 is approximately diffusion-tight.
  • the moisture introduced into the interior 24 of the housing 2 by the moisture flow 4 will not be able to escape through the wall 26, or only to a small extent.
  • the housing 2 is open on its side facing the inner surface 32 of the component 3, so that the moisture flow 4 can enter the interior 24 of the housing 2 without hindrance.
  • the housing 2 has at least one partial surface 25 that is open to diffusion.
  • the partial area 25 which is open to diffusion can consist of a polymer, for example a polyethylene film, or contain one.
  • the partial surface 25 which is open to diffusion can contain a porous shaped body through which the moisture flow 4 can diffuse.
  • the partial area 25 which is open to diffusion thus represents a diffusion resistance for the moisture flow 4.
  • This diffusion resistance can have a S-ert of approximately 0.05 m to approximately 50 m or from approximately 0.2 m to approximately 2.0 m for water vapor.
  • FIG. 1 also shows a first sensor 11, which is arranged in the interior 24 of the housing 2, and a second sensor 12, which is arranged outside of the housing 2.
  • the housing wall 27 is ver extended beyond the diffusion-open partial surface 25, so that a protrusion 27 results.
  • a bore 221 and 222 is made in the housing wall 26 and the protrusion 27, in which the first sensor 11 and the second sensor 12 can be attached and through which the connecting cables can be routed to connect them to associated measuring electronics (not shown) connect to.
  • the first sensor 11 and the second sensor 12 can, for example, be a capacitive moisture sensor.
  • the smallest possible scatter of the measured values of the first sensor 11 and the second sensor 12 of, for example, less than approximately 2% or less than approximately 1% or less than approximately 0.5% is advantageous.
  • the absolute accuracy of the detection of the absolute humidity or the water vapor partial pressure is less important when the humidity flow sensor 1 according to the invention is operated. It is more important to obtain the correct difference between the interior 24 and the exterior space surrounding the housing 2.
  • the humidity flow 4 per surface and per unit of time can thus be reliably measured with a known diffusion resistance of the partial surface 25.
  • measures can be taken to improve the room climate depending on the humidity input.
  • measures can, for example, be measures for humidifying or also drying the room air, with such humidifying or Ent humidifying devices also being able to be regulated as a function of the measured values of the humidity flow sensor 1.
  • the partial area 25 open to diffusion can occupy the entire wall surrounding the interior 24 of the housing 2, so that a correspondingly larger area is available for the diffusion of the moisture flow 4.
  • the device 1 according to FIG. 2 contains at least a first housing 21 and a second housing 22.
  • the first and second housing 21 and 22 are essentially delimited on all sides by a wall 226 and 216.
  • the diffusion-tight wall 226 or 216 comprises a base area and the outer surface.
  • the diffusion-proof wall 216 and 226 can make up five of six boundary surfaces.
  • the diffusion-tight wall 216 and 226 can each consist of a metal or an alloy or a polymer or glass and have a thickness of approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 50 mm, so that the penetration of moisture or the discharge of Moisture is prevented or at least greatly reduced by the wall 216 or 226.
  • each housing has a partial area 215 or 225 that is open to diffusion.
  • the diffusion-open partial areas 215 and 225 can, as described above, contain or consist of a polymer film, for example. These can occupy a boundary surface of the housing 21 or 22, as shown in FIG.
  • the partial area which is open to diffusion can only be a partial area of a boundary area, so that the impression of a window closed with a film is obtained.
  • both housings 21 and 22 are attached to the inner surface 32 of the component 3 in such a way that the first housing 21 with its diffusion-open partial surface 215 faces the inner side 32 of the component 3.
  • the diffusion-open partial surface 225 of the second housing 22 faces away from the component 3 and faces the interior of the building.
  • the housings 21 and 22 are preferably attached to the component 3 next to one another or next to one another.
  • an optional third housing 23 can be present, which is open to the room side and has a diffusion-open boundary surface 235 to the component 3.
  • the diffusion-open boundary surface 235 can either be completely free of material or a comparatively thin material layer with a low S d value of approximately 0.05 to about 0.5.
  • the third housing 23 can have a wall 236 which is used to mechanically fix the first housing 21 and the second housing 22.
  • the inner cross-section of the third housing 23 can be shaped complementary to the outer cross-sections of the first housing 21 and the second housing 22, so that the first and second housings 21 and 22 can be received in the third housing 23.
  • a first desiccant 51 is inserted into the interior 214 of the first housing 21.
  • a second drying agent 52 is inserted into the interior 224 of the second housing 22.
  • the first and / or second drying agent can be selected from a silica gel and / or a zeolite and / or calcium chloride and / or phosphorus pentoxide and / or a molecular sieve and / or bentonite.
  • the first drying agent 51 and the second drying agent 52 can have the same mass, which can facilitate the evaluation.
  • FIG. 2 shows, when the device is in operation, a first moisture flow 4a diffuses through the component 3 into the first drying agent 51. Furthermore, a second moisture flow 4b diffuses from the interior of the building into the second drying agent 52.
  • the desiccants 51 and 52 are removed from the housing 21 and 22 and the moisture content contained therein is determined by weighing.
  • the desiccants should not be completely saturated with moisture at the time of weighing.
  • the moisture flows 4a and 4b can then be determined from the area of the diffusion-open partial area 215 or 226, its diffusion resistance, the duration of the measurement and the amount of water absorbed.
  • the net moisture flow 4 into the building can be derived from this determine in or out of the building during the measurement period.
  • the second embodiment of the invention has the particular advantage that it can be used without electrical auxiliary power and temporarily completely unsupervised, so that it is also suitable for measurements in inaccessible places.
  • the measuring principle according to the invention is explained with reference to FIG. Shown is the moisture flow per unit area of the diffusion-open partial surface 25 on the abscissa and the relative humidity in the interior 24 of a housing 2 on the ordinate. Outside the housing, in the interior of the building, the air humidity is a constant 50% relative humidity.
  • the device 1 was operated at steady isothermal conditions of 20 ° C.
  • the moisture transport through the diffusion-open partial surface 25 comes to a standstill when the relative humidity and the temperature in the interior 24 of the housing have assumed the same values as outside the housing 2 through the partial area 25 which is open to diffusion.
  • the moisture flow is essentially linear to the air humidity in the interior 24 of the housing 2, so that the moisture flow 4 can be determined in a simple manner by measuring the moisture difference inside and outside the housing. This facilitates the evaluation of the measured values of the moisture flow sensor according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows the moisture flow through a wall area in g / (m 2 -h) on the ordinate and the time on the abscissa. Measured values over 7751 hours or around 10 months of a year are plotted.
  • Curve A shows the values calculated according to the prior art a digital climate model of the building.
  • Curve B shows the measured values of the moisture flow sensor according to the invention according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the diffusion resistance of the partial area 25 open to diffusion leads to an averaging of the measured values. Essentially, however, the measurement follows the arithmetically determined annual cycle or the sliding mean value of the moisture input or the moisture output through the wall.
  • FIG. 5 shows the measured values of the moisture input according to FIG. 4, integrated over time, in g / m 2 on the ordinate and again the time in hours on the abscissa.
  • Curve A in turn describes the values calculated according to the prior art
  • FIG. B describes the values measured with the moisture flow sensor according to the invention according to the first embodiment.
  • the measured values of the moisture flow sensor according to the invention essentially follow the values indirectly determined according to the prior art, except for a deviation by a constant factor. This factor results from the fact that the partial surface 25 which is open to diffusion represents a diffusion resistance and thus the measured moisture flow is somewhat lower than the moisture flow actually entering through the free wall surface. This discrepancy caused by the diffusion resistance can easily be corrected by applying a correction factor to the measured values according to curve B.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 thus show the performance of the humidity flow sensor according to the invention, which for the first time allows the net flow of humidity through the components of a building to be recorded not only by calculation but also by measurement.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capteur de flux d'humidité (1) comprenant au moins un premier capteur (11) et au moins un deuxième capteur (12) ainsi qu'un boîtier (2), ce boîtier (2) comportant au moins une surface partielle (25) ouverte pour la diffusion, et le boîtier étant conçu pour être fixé sur un composant (3) d'un bâtiment, le premier capteur (11) étant agencé dans le boîtier (2) et le deuxième capteur (12) étant agencé à l'extérieur dudit boîtier (2). Cette invention concerne également un dispositif de détection intégrale de flux d'humidité par l'intermédiaire d'un composant (3) de bâtiment dans son espace intérieur, comprenant : un premier boîtier (21), ce premier boîtier (21) comportant au moins une surface partielle (215) ouverte pour la diffusion qui délimite le boîtier (21) par rapport au composant (3) du bâtiment, le boîtier étant conçu pour être dirigé, avec sa face supérieure, vers l'espace intérieur du bâtiment ; un deuxième boîtier (22), ce deuxième boîtier (22) comportant au moins une surface partielle (225) ouverte pour la diffusion qui délimite le boîtier (22) par rapport à l'espace intérieur, le deuxième boîtier (22) étant conçu pour reposer contre un composant (3) du bâtiment avec sa face inférieure ; une quantité prédéfinissable d'un agent de dessiccation (51, 52) étant disposée dans chaque boîtier (21, 22). Cette invention concerne en outre un procédé de détection de flux d'humidité.
PCT/EP2021/051173 2020-01-20 2021-01-20 Dispositif et procédé pour détecter un flux d'humidité WO2021148454A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102020200591.5 2020-01-20
DE102020200591.5A DE102020200591B4 (de) 2020-01-20 2020-01-20 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur integralen Erfassung eines Feuchteflusses

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2553677A1 (de) * 1974-11-28 1976-06-16 Nilsson Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung der menge eines durch diffusion von einer oberflaeche abgegebenen stoffes
WO2002023158A1 (fr) * 2000-09-18 2002-03-21 Vaisala Oyj Dispositif de mesure de la diffusion d'une substance gazeuse sur la surface d'une matiere
EP2851001A2 (fr) * 2014-12-03 2015-03-25 Sensirion AG Dispositif électronique portable
WO2017024329A1 (fr) * 2015-08-13 2017-02-16 Puchegger U. Jilg Parkett Gross U. Einzelhandels Ges.M.B.H. Procédé et dispositif permettant de déterminer la température et l'humidité d'un ouvrage
DE102016124831A1 (de) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Martin Donath Verfahren zur Permanentüberwachung eines Trocknungsprozesses von durchfeuchteten Bauteilen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19932549B4 (de) 1999-07-13 2007-04-12 Heinze, Dirk, Prof. Dr.-Ing.habil. Verfahren und Anordnung zur Bestimmung der relativen Feuchte

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2553677A1 (de) * 1974-11-28 1976-06-16 Nilsson Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung der menge eines durch diffusion von einer oberflaeche abgegebenen stoffes
WO2002023158A1 (fr) * 2000-09-18 2002-03-21 Vaisala Oyj Dispositif de mesure de la diffusion d'une substance gazeuse sur la surface d'une matiere
EP2851001A2 (fr) * 2014-12-03 2015-03-25 Sensirion AG Dispositif électronique portable
WO2017024329A1 (fr) * 2015-08-13 2017-02-16 Puchegger U. Jilg Parkett Gross U. Einzelhandels Ges.M.B.H. Procédé et dispositif permettant de déterminer la température et l'humidité d'un ouvrage
DE102016124831A1 (de) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Martin Donath Verfahren zur Permanentüberwachung eines Trocknungsprozesses von durchfeuchteten Bauteilen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
AMANDINE PIOT ET AL: "Experimental wooden frame house for the validation of whole building heat and moisture transfer numerical models", ENERGY AND BUILDINGS, LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 43, no. 6, 14 January 2011 (2011-01-14), pages 1322 - 1328, XP028188373, ISSN: 0378-7788, [retrieved on 20110120], DOI: 10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2011.01.008 *

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DE102020200591B4 (de) 2023-11-02

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