WO2021144531A1 - Double access hatch for a liquefied-gas transport tank - Google Patents

Double access hatch for a liquefied-gas transport tank Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021144531A1
WO2021144531A1 PCT/FR2021/050053 FR2021050053W WO2021144531A1 WO 2021144531 A1 WO2021144531 A1 WO 2021144531A1 FR 2021050053 W FR2021050053 W FR 2021050053W WO 2021144531 A1 WO2021144531 A1 WO 2021144531A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
duct
tank
cover
plug
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2021/050053
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Julien COUTEAU
Edouard DUCLOY
Original Assignee
Gaztransport Et Technigaz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaztransport Et Technigaz filed Critical Gaztransport Et Technigaz
Priority to CN202180020429.5A priority Critical patent/CN115244329A/en
Priority to JP2022542755A priority patent/JP2023510861A/en
Priority to KR1020227027532A priority patent/KR20220127853A/en
Publication of WO2021144531A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021144531A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B19/00Arrangements or adaptations of ports, doors, windows, port-holes, or other openings or covers
    • B63B19/12Hatches; Hatchways
    • B63B19/14Hatch covers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01Shape
    • F17C2201/0147Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157Polygonal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/052Size large (>1000 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0379Manholes or access openings for human beings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012Hydrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032Hydrocarbons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/036Avoiding leaks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00Applications
    • F17C2270/01Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105Ships
    • F17C2270/0107Wall panels
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of storage tanks, in particular for liquefied gas.
  • the invention relates more particularly to devices for accessing the interior of such tanks, for example for inspection and / or maintenance operations.
  • Liquefied gas transport ships generally have a double-walled structure delimiting a tank intended to receive liquefied gas.
  • liquefied gas is meant any body which is in the vapor state under normal pressure and temperature conditions and which has been placed in the liquid state by lowering its temperature.
  • the tank has an upper wall which is generally interrupted at several locations by openings. These openings can for example be protruding structures in the form of a turret or chimney and correspond to structures called gas dome, liquid dome or manhole.
  • a first turret serves as a point of penetration for various cargo handling equipment, namely a filling line, an emergency pumping line, unloading lines linked to unloading pumps, a spray line and a line. power supply linked to a spray pump.
  • the second turret serves as a point of entry for a vapor collection line.
  • the tanks can thus include a submerged pump for unloading the liquefied gas.
  • An opening in the upper wall is then provided for maintenance and / or inspection of the submersible pump.
  • Another opening, separate from the one dedicated to the unloading pump, is provided for tank maintenance. This last opening is thus dimensioned to allow the passage of replacement part of the structure of the tank.
  • a first drawback of these openings at several locations on the upper wall of the vessel is an increased risk of leaks at the multiple welds of the membrane feedthroughs.
  • a second drawback of this multiplicity of openings is a reduction in the thermal insulation of the tank through the thermal bridges created, which causes greater evaporation of the liquefied gas contained in the tank and ultimately a reduction in the heating capacities. transport of the ship equipped with such a tank.
  • a third drawback of this multiplicity of openings is that the presence of an opening increases the complexity of the design and manufacture of such a tank, in particular with regard to the various layers of insulation, the arrangement of the metal parts. constituting the membrane and the mechanical stresses that these openings generate.
  • the object of the present invention is to alleviate at least one of the aforementioned drawbacks and also to lead to other advantages by proposing a new type of wall for a tank for transporting and / or storing liquefied gas.
  • Another object of the invention is to rationalize the number of openings made in the wall of the liquefied gas transport and / or storage tank.
  • the invention provides a tank wall for storing and / or transporting a liquefied gas.
  • the wall includes a conduit extending through the wall in a direction of wall thickness and a closure device configured to close the conduit.
  • the closure device includes at least one hatch configured to provide access to an interior of the tank.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to bring together two openings in the upper wall of the tank, both opening onto the same internal volume of the tank.
  • the invention instead of having an interruption of the waterproof membrane and the thermally insulating barrier at two separate locations on the top wall, there is now only one in one location. Consequently, the tightness of the wall as well as the thermal insulation of the same wall are improved.
  • the closure device is an assembly which incorporates several elements such as the hatch, a cover, a second duct, a first plug and / or a second plug. Such elements are discussed in more detail below.
  • the duct has a quadrangular section seen in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall.
  • the quadrangular section is a square.
  • a length of one side of the square is between 1.3m and 1.7m, preferably between 1.4m and 1.5m.
  • the duct has a circular section seen in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall.
  • the circular section has a diameter of between 1.3m and 1.7m, preferably between 1.4m and 1.5m.
  • the duct comprises a first mouth configured to open onto an environment outside the tank and a second mouth configured to open onto the inside of the tank, and the closure device comprises a cover which closes the first one. mouth.
  • the cover and the hatch each extend in a separate plane.
  • the plane of extension of the cover is substantially parallel to the plane of extension of the hatch.
  • the plane of extension of the closure device and the plane of extension of the cover are substantially orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall.
  • the cover has a breakthrough giving access to the interior of the tank and the hatch is configured to close said breakthrough.
  • the hatch can be mechanically linked to the cover and / or comes to rest on the cover.
  • the duct is a first duct and the closure device comprises a first plug which extends at least partly in the thickness of the wall adjacent to an internal face of the first duct, and a second stopper which extends at least partly in the thickness of the wall er inside the first duct, the first stopper and the second stopper being separated by a second duct.
  • stopper that it is a movable element which serves to at least partially close a duct by inserting at least part of the stopper in said duct.
  • At least part of the second plug has a shape complementary to an internal face of the second duct.
  • the second stopper and the hatch are integral. It is understood here that the second stopper and the hatch are linked to each other so that the extraction or tilting of the hatch causes the second stopper in this movement.
  • the second plug comprises a thermally insulating material.
  • the second stopper comprises a housing delimited by the hatch and by a plate connected to the hatch by at least one rod, the second stopper comprising a thermally insulating material arranged in the housing.
  • the thermally insulating material is for example disposed between the hatch and plate, in the direction of the thickness of the wall.
  • the second plug comprises a rhermiquemenr insulating material and a plate, the rhermiquemenr insulating material being connected to a lower face of the hatch, and the plate being integral with the rhermiquemenr insulating material.
  • the thermally insulating material extends in the second duct over a length measured along the thickness direction of the wall, at most identical to a length of the second duct, measured in the thickness direction. of the wall. According to one embodiment, the thermally insulating material extends over the entire length of the second duct measured along the thickness direction.
  • the second stopper thus has thermal insulation capacities at least equivalent to the wall of the tank in a zone without an opening.
  • the thermally insulating material comprises a polyurethane foam.
  • the polyurethane foam is reinforced with glass fibers.
  • the thermally insulating material comprises a polyethylene foam or a polypropylene foam.
  • the thermally insulating material comprises mineral wool.
  • the mineral wool is chosen from glass wool, rock wool and a mixture thereof.
  • the plate is flush with a free end of the second duct which extends inside the tank.
  • the plate has a circular section seen in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall.
  • the plate is a wood plywood panel, a composite panel or a metal panel.
  • At least part of the first plug has a shape complementary to an internal face of the first duct. This is how the first plug can fill a space delimited by the internal face of the first duct.
  • the first stopper and the cover are integral. This allows the first stopper to be removed at the same time as the cover is removed.
  • the first plug comprises at least one self-supporting thermally insulating panel arranged around the second duct. It is understood here that the self-supporting thermally insulating panel extends from the internal face of the first conduit to the second conduit, that is to say to an external face of the second conduit, surrounding the latter.
  • the first cap comprises an adhesive configured to provide a mechanical connection between the thermally insulating self-supporting panel and the cover.
  • the self-supporting thermally insulating panel is secured to the cover by means of an adhesive.
  • the adhesive is a sealant.
  • the mastic makes it possible to take up the defects of flatness of the shell and thus to put at the same level along the vertical axis Z the first plug and the thermally insulating panel.
  • the self-supporting thermally insulating panel comprises a thermally insulating block of rigid polyurethane and a panel of wood plywood on which the block of rigid polyurethane rests.
  • the wooden plywood panel can be replaced by a composite panel or a metal panel, for example made of stainless steel or aluminum.
  • the self-supporting thermally insulating panel comprises a drink formed from plywood panels and filled with mineral wool, for example glass wool and / or rock wool.
  • the self-supporting rhermiquemenr insulating panel is in contact with the internal face of the first duct. There is therefore no space between the internal face of the first duct and the self-supporting thermally insulating panel.
  • the self-supporting rhermiquemenr insulating panel is in contact with the second duct. There is therefore no space between the second duct and the self-supporting thermally insulating panel.
  • the first stopper comprises mineral wool, for example glass wool and / or rock wool.
  • the mineral wool makes it possible to fill any possible spaces between the self-supporting panels and / or to fill the space between the self-supporting panel or panels which surround the second duct and the second duct as such.
  • the thermally insulating self-supporting panel is flush with a free end of the second duct which extends inside the tank.
  • an area of a section of the second duct is less than an area of a section of the first duct, the sections being viewed in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall.
  • the section of the second duct is inscribed within the section of the first duct, the sections being viewed in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall.
  • the second duct has a circular section seen in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall.
  • the circular section of the second duct has a diameter of between 0.8m and 1.2m, more particularly between 0.9m and 1.1m.
  • the second duct has a triangular section or a quadrangular section, for example square or rectangular, seen in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall.
  • the second duct comprises a flange configured to cooperate with the hatch, with a view to closing the second duct.
  • the hatch rests on the flange so as to cover the second duct.
  • the hatch comes to rest on the cover to completely close off an exterior opening of the second duct.
  • the second duct comprises a free end inside the tank, the free end extending in an extension plane parallel to an extension plane of the wall, the extension planes being distinct from each other.
  • the flange surrounds the second conduit at the level of the first opening.
  • the flange extends circumferentially over the contour of the first opening.
  • the cover and the second duct are integrally connected to one another.
  • the cover and the second duct are for example welded to one another and / or held together by clamping with a plurality of bolts. The welding can be carried out for example at the level of an external face of the second duct, opposite to the internal face of the second duct. It is understood in this context that the second duct passes through the cover by the opening that it presents.
  • an upper part of the second duct projects from the cover towards the outside of the tank in the direction of the thickness of the wall.
  • the closure device comprises reinforcements disposed circumferentially against the second duct and which extend from the cover towards the exterior of the vessel in the direction of the thickness of the wall.
  • the wall comprises in the direction of its thickness, at least one thermally insulating barrier and at least one sealed membrane intended to wander in contact with the liquefied gas inside the tank, the sealed membrane being in view at least partially of the first duct in the direction of thickness of the wall.
  • part of the waterproof membrane obstructs the first duct, only this evening during the initial manufacture of the tank or after an operation which required the cutting of the waterproof membrane.
  • the direction of thickness of the wall can be wandered defined as being a direction perpendicular to the development plane of the waterproof membrane.
  • the waterproof membrane has a recess for allowing part of the second duct to pass.
  • the heat-insulating barrier is a primary heat-insulating barrier
  • the waterproof membrane is a primary waterproof membrane intended to wander in contact with the liquefied gas inside the tank
  • the wall comprises a secondary insulating heat barrier and a secondary waterproof membrane
  • the secondary waterproof membrane rests against the secondary insulating barrier
  • the primary thermally insulating barrier rests against the waterproof membrane secondary
  • the primary waterproof membrane rests against the primary thermally insulating barrier.
  • the primary waterproof membrane comprises corrugations.
  • the invention provides a tank for storing and / or transporting a liquefied gas comprising at least one wall according to the invention.
  • the liquefied gas is a cryogenic fluid.
  • This liquefied gas is chosen from Liquefied Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, liquid ethane, liquid propane, liquid argon, liquid ammonia, and liquid hydrogen.
  • the closure device has been described in its closed position, but when it is in an open position, the second plug and / or the first plug and / or the hatch are outside the tank, the hatch being tilted on a pivot, for example, or else completely separate from the closure device and therefore from the wall which is the subject of the invention. The same applies to the cover when the latter is separated from the tank wall.
  • the invention also provides a method for accessing the interior of a tank according to the invention comprising a step of removing the second stopper so as to access the interior of the tank, that is, that is to say to penetrate inside the tank from the outside of the tank, for example to pass equipment or perform maintenance operations by a human, a step of cutting a part of the waterproof membrane around the closure device, and a step of removing the closure device.
  • a step of removing the second stopper so as to access the interior of the tank, that is, that is to say to penetrate inside the tank from the outside of the tank, for example to pass equipment or perform maintenance operations by a human
  • a step of cutting a part of the waterproof membrane around the closure device a step of removing the closure device.
  • the hatch may also be referred to as a manhole.
  • a hardware hole Depending on the dimensions of the first duct, it can also be referred to as a hardware hole.
  • the invention finally provides a method of closing a first duct obtained from the method for accessing the interior of a tank according to the invention, the closing method comprising a step of resting of the device sealing on the first duct, a step of welding a closure plate to the waterproof membrane and a step of refitting the hatch.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the exterior of a wall of a tank for storing and / or transporting a liquefied gas according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view along the YZ plane and in perspective of the wall shown in Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the wall shown in Figure 2.
  • a direction of a longitudinal axis X, a direction of a transverse axis Y and a direction of a vertical axis Z are represented by a trihedron (X, Y, Z) in the figures.
  • a horizontal plane is defined as being a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis and as comprising the direction of the longitudinal axis X and the direction of the transverse axis Y, a longitudinal plane as being a plane perpendicular to the transverse axis and as comprising the direction of the longitudinal axis X and the direction of the vertical axis Z, and a transverse plane as being a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and as comprising the direction of the transverse axis Y and the direction of l 'vertical axis Z.
  • the direction of the longitudinal axis X is parallel to a longitudinal direction of a vessel comprising a tank according to the invention.
  • a such a supporting structure may in particular have a polyhedral geometry, for example of prismatic shape.
  • Such a supporting structure comprises longitudinal walls which have a bottom wall, side walls and a top wall. The longitudinal walls extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vessel.
  • the longitudinal walls are interrupted in the longitudinal direction of the vessel by transverse walls which are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vessel.
  • the longitudinal walls and the transverse wall meet at the ridges.
  • Each wall of the supporting structure carries a respective tank wall.
  • a wall 1 of the tank carried by the upper wall of the supporting structure is shown.
  • the wall 1 comprises at least one thermally insulating barrier 7 against which is pressed a waterproof membrane 8 intended to be in contact with a fluid stored in the tank such as liquefied petroleum gas.
  • the thermally insulating barrier 7 comprises insulating materials in the form of juxtaposed panels of thermally insulating material. These panels comprise an expanded or cellular synthetic resin or other thermally insulating material, natural or synthetic. In addition, the thermally insulating barrier 7 can comprise a filling material such as mineral wool, for example glass wool or mineral wool. This filling material is intended to be inserted between the juxtaposed panels. These panels also include a sheet of wood plywood. On a first side, the resin is glued, and on a second side, opposite to the first side, the waterproof membrane 8 is screwed and / or welded. In an embodiment not shown, these panels comprise a composite plate or a metal plate, for example made of aluminum or stainless steel, replacing the wooden plywood plate.
  • the wall 1 is interrupted at one location by a first duct 2.
  • the first duct 2 extends through the wall 1 in a direction of thickness E of the wall. wall 1.
  • the thickness direction E of the wall can be defined as being a direction perpendicular to the plane of the wall. development of the waterproof membrane 8.
  • the thickness direction E is parallel to the vertical axis Z.
  • the first duct 2 is intended to pass replacement parts for the thermally insulating barrier 7, such as flat panels, single corner panels or double corner panels.
  • the first duct 2 has a square section, seen in a plane orthogonal to the vertical axis Z.
  • the first duct 2 has the shape of a right cylinder of square section developing along the vertical axis Z.
  • a length d one side of the square is 1.47m.
  • the term cylinder designates a ruled surface whose generatrices are parallel, that is to say a surface in space made up of parallel lines.
  • the section of a cylinder can be, for example, triangular, square, rectangular, polygonal, circular or even oval.
  • the first duct 2 has a first mouth 5 opening onto an environment outside the tank and a second mouth 6 opening onto the inside of the tank. Between the first mouth 5 and the second mouth 6, the first duct 2 comprises an internal face 70.
  • the first mouth 5 is surmounted by a support flange 30.
  • the support flange 30 extends from the contour of the first mouth 5 to the outside of the vessel.
  • the support flange 30 entirely surrounds the contour of the first mouth 5.
  • the support flange 30 therefore has a square contour in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction E of the wall 1.
  • the support flange 30 is surrounded by struts 31 arranged uniformly all around the flange.
  • the props 31 extend from an outer face 9 of the wall 1 and come under the support flange 30, to support the flange and prevent it from sagging in the event of a load placed on the support flange 30.
  • the second mouth 6 is blocked by a part 61 of the waterproof membrane 8, and this part 61 comes into contact with a second duct 12 which extends into the first duct 2 .
  • This part 61 has a surface and a shape at least equal and identical to a surface corresponding to a projection of the first duct 2 on a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction E of the wall 1.
  • the part 61 has an area at least equal to an area of a first plug 10, which will be described below, seen in projection on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the thickness E of the wall 1
  • the part 61 of the primary waterproof membrane 6 has a shape at least in part identical to the shape of the first plug 10 seen in projection on a plane perpendicular to the direction of thickness E of the wall 1.
  • the part 61 of the waterproof membrane 8 s 'extends until it is in contact with the second duct 12 which extends into the first duct 2 and the waterproof membrane 8 is then partly opposite the second mouth 6 and therefore at least partially or even completely obstructs it.
  • the waterproof membrane 8 is partly opposite the second mouth 6 and therefore obstructs it at least partially, or even completely.
  • the internal face 70 of the first duct 2 is delimited, for example, by at least one thermally insulating element 71 of the thermally insulating barrier 7.
  • This thermally insulating element 71 comprises wool of glass or flexible foam panels, for example polyurethane or melamine.
  • the first duct 2 passes through the wall 1 in the direction of thickness E of the wall 1.
  • the walls of the first duct 2 are bordered by the support flange 30, by the thermally element.
  • the wall 1 comprises a closure device 3 for closing the first duct 2.
  • the closure device 3 comprises at least one cover 11, a first plug 10, a second led 12.
  • the cover 11 closes the first mouth 5 by coming to rest on the support flange 30.
  • the cover 11 has a shape identical to the support flange 30 seen in a plane orthogonal to the direction of thickness E of the wall 1.
  • the cover 11 therefore has a square section seen in a plane orthogonal to the direction of thickness E of the wall 1.
  • a cross-section form is only one example, the cover being of the form similar to the section of the first duct.
  • the cover 11 extends in an extension plane perpendicular to the vertical axis Z.
  • the cover 11 has a hole 17 giving access to the interior of the tank.
  • the breakthrough 17 allows the cover 11 to be crossed by the second duct 12.
  • the cover 11 and the second duct 12 are attached to each other by welding and form a single piece. Welding is carried out at an external face of the second duct 12, along its circumference, that is to say its contour. Additionally or alternatively, the cover 11 and the second duct 12 can be clamped together by clamping using bolts.
  • the second pipe 12 is intended to pass equipment such as a pump for extracting a liquid phase or a vapor phase from the liquefied gas with a view to its evacuation from the tank.
  • the second duct 12 has the shape of a straight cylinder with a circular and hollow section, the diameter of which is between 0.9 m and 1.2 m.
  • the second duct 12 can have a triangular or quadrangular section, for example square or rectangular, seen in a plane perpendicular to the direction of thickness E of the wall.
  • An upper part of the second duct 12 projects from an upper face of the cover 11, towards the exterior of the tank in the direction of thickness E of the tank.
  • the upper part of the second duct 12 comprises a first opening 15.
  • a connection flange 40 extends circumferentially on the contour of the first opening 15.
  • the connection flange 40 therefore has a circular section, seen in a plane orthogonal to the direction. thickness E of the wall 1.
  • the second conduit 12 extends in a volume defined by the first conduit 2.
  • the second conduit 12 is inscribed in the first conduit 2.
  • the outline of the first opening 15 is inscribed in the contour of the first mouth 5
  • the contour of the second opening 16 is inscribed in the contour of the second mouth 6, seen in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction E of the wall 1.
  • the area of the first opening 15 is less than the area of the first mouth 5 seen in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction E of the wall 1
  • the area of the second opening 16 is less than the area of the second mouth 6 seen in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction E of the wall 1.
  • the closure device 3 comprises a plurality of reinforcements 41 disposed circumferentially against the second duct and which extend from the upper face of the cover 11 towards the outside of the vessel in the direction of thickness E of the vessel.
  • the reinforcements 42 are uniformly distributed around the upper part of the second duct 12.
  • Each reinforcement 41 comprises a withdrawal ring 42 which extends from an upper face of the reinforcement 41 in the vertical direction Z. These withdrawal rings 42 allow handling. of the closure device 3, by a crane for example.
  • the second duct 12 comprises a lower part which extends from a lower face of the cover 11 towards the interior of the tank along the vertical axis Z.
  • the free end of the lower part of the second duct 12 comprises a second opening 16. opening onto the inside of the tank.
  • the second duct 12 defines a passage between the first opening 15 and the second opening 16.
  • the first stopper 10 is arranged around the second duct 12 and extends from the lower face of the cover 11 to the vicinity of a free end of the lower part of the second duct 12.
  • the first stopper 10 may include the second duct 12. , in that the extraction of the first plug 10 causes the extraction of the second duct 12.
  • the first stopper 10 is fixed to the lower face of the cover 11 rour leaving the periphery of the lower face free for the positioning of the support flange 30. Thus, when the cover 11 is removed, the first stopper 10 is also removed.
  • the first stopper 10 has a shape complementary to an internal face of the first duct in a plane orthogonal to the direction of thickness E of the wall 1.
  • the first stopper 10 has for example a square section seen in a plane orthogonal to the direction d 'thickness E of the wall 1.
  • the first plug 10 comprises a self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13.
  • the self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13 is therefore crossed by the second duct 12.
  • a lower face of the self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13 comes in the vicinity of the free end of the lower part of the second. duct 12, seen in the direction of the vertical axis Z.
  • the self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13 comprises a thermally insulating block of rigid polyurethane and a panel of wood plywood on which the block of rigid polyurethane rests.
  • the plywood panel of wood can be replaced by a composite panel or a metal panel, for example made of stainless steel or aluminum.
  • the rigid polyurethane insulating rhermiquemenr block is sandwiched between two wood plywood panels.
  • the self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13 comprises a drink formed from plywood panels of wood, composite panels or metal panels, for example made of steel or aluminum, and filled with a wool. mineral, for example glass wool and / or rock wool.
  • the first stopper 10 comprises an adhesive placed between the thermally insulating self-supporting panel 13 and the underside of the cover 11.
  • the adhesive allows the adjustment in the vertical axis Z and the fixing of the self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13 to the cover 11. L adhesive scared for example wanders a putty.
  • the first plug 10 also comprises a mineral wool 14, for example a glass wool and / or a rock wool, arranged between the second duct 12 and the thermally insulating self-supporting panel 13.
  • the mineral wool 14 makes it possible to ensure that the continuity of the thermal insulation is maintained between the second duct 12 and the self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13.
  • the closure device 3 further comprises a hatch 4 to close the first opening 15 of the second duct 2 and therefore close the opening 17 of the cover 11.
  • the hatch 4 extends in a plane d 'extension orthogonal to the vertical axis Z as defined previously, that is to say perpendicular to the thickness direction E of the wall 1.
  • the extension plane of the hatch 4 is parallel and distinct from the plane d cover extension 11.
  • braces 50 On an upper face of the hatch 4 are arranged four braces 50, as can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • the braces 50 serve to increase the rigidity of the hatch 4 and thus prevent the swelling of the hatch 4 and keep it flat.
  • Every second spider comprises a lifting ring 51.
  • the lifting rings 51 extend from an upper face of the crosses 50 towards the outside of the tank along the vertical axis Z. These lifting rings 51 allow the hatch to be handled. 4, with a crane for example.
  • the hatch 4 can wander mechanically linked to the cover 11 and / or come. land on the cover 11.
  • the closure device 3 also comprises a second plug 20.
  • the second plug 20 has a shape complementary to the internal face of the second duct 12.
  • the second plug 20 is therefore a right cylinder of circular section. , in the example illustrated in the figures, and this fear section for example wanders equal to 8100cm 2 .
  • the second plug 20 is integral with the lower face of the hatch 4.
  • the periphery of the lower face of the hatch 4 is left free for the connection flange 40.
  • the second cap 20 is also.
  • the second plug 20 comprises a housing 24.
  • the housing 24 is delimited along the vertical axis Z by the hatch 4 and by a plywood plate 22 connected to the hatch 4 by a plurality. of rods 23, in particular four rods 23.
  • the plywood plate 22 has a circular section seen in a plane orthogonal to the vertical axis Z.
  • the plywood plate 22 can be replaced by a composite plate or by a metal plate, for example made of stainless steel or aluminum.
  • a thermally insulating material 25 is disposed in the housing 24.
  • the thermally insulating material 25 comprises a polyurethane foam. This polyurethane foam can be reinforced with glass fibers. Alternatively, the thermally insulating material 25 may comprise mineral wool, for example glass wool and / or rock wool.
  • the first duct 2 is closed by the cover 11.
  • the periphery of the underside of the cover 11 is arranged on the support flange 30.
  • bolts (not shown) are arranged around the periphery of the support flange 30 to hold the cover 11 by clamping against this support flange 30.
  • the first stopper 10 being integral with the cover 11, the first stopper 10 is arranged in the first duct 2 and obstructs it.
  • the first stopper 10 extends from the underside of the cover 11 to the second mouth 6 of the first duct 2.
  • the first stopper 10 extends radially from the internal face of the first duct 2 to the second duct. 12 and surrounds the second duct 12.
  • the first plug 10 via the thermally insulating self-supporting panel 13, is in contact with the internal face of the first duct 2. There is therefore no space between the internal face of the first duct 2 and the thermally insulating self-supporting panel 13 of the first plug 10.
  • the part of the waterproof membrane 8 facing the first plug 10 is made integral with a lower face of the thermally insulating self-supporting panel 13 of the first plug 10.
  • the part 61 of the waterproof membrane 8 is then opposite the part. lower part of the second duct 12.
  • a part of the second duct 12 protrudes inside the tank relative to the membrane part 61, along the vertical axis Z, and this membrane part 61 is made integral with the second conduit 12, for example by means of an attached angle.
  • connection flange 40 To close the second duct 12, the periphery of the lower face of the hatch 4 is arranged on the connection flange 40.
  • the locking of the hatch 4 with the connection flange 40 is made by bolts (not shown) which hold in place. rest the hatch 4 against the connection flange 40.
  • the second plug 20 extends inside the second duct 12.
  • the plywood plate of wood or metal 22 is flush with the second opening 16 of the second duct 12.
  • the thermally insulating material 25 extends over the entire length of the lower part of the second duct 12 measured along the thickness direction E of the wall 1. The second stopper 20 is therefore separated from the first stopper 10 by the second duct 12 .
  • Reference 60 in FIGS. 2 and 3 denotes the cutting line of the waterproof membrane 8 which must be followed in order to cut the waterproof membrane 8 in order to extract the first plug 10, on the assumption that the parts to be introduced are too large to pass through the second duct 12. This mark is visible when a part 61 of the waterproof membrane 8 is welded to the rest of the waterproof membrane 8, when the first duct 2 is closed after having repositioned the cover 11 accompanied by the first plug 10.
  • a tank having a single waterproof membrane can be used in different types of tanks, for example for constitute a double membrane tank for liquefied natural gas (LNG) in an onshore installation or in a floating device such as an LNG vessel or other.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the vessel which uses the wall of the invention can therefore be intended for transporting cryogenic fluid.
  • this tank according to the invention can also be a tank containing the cryogenic fluid used as fuel for an installation of the ship.
  • the waterproof membrane 7 illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 is a primary waterproof membrane
  • the thermally insulating barrier 8 is a primary thermally insulating barrier
  • a secondary thermally insulating barrier and a secondary waterproof membrane can be added. between the wall of the supporting structure and the primary insulating barrier.
  • the secondary waterproof membrane rests against the secondary insulating barrier
  • the primary insulating barrier rests against the secondary waterproof membrane
  • the primary waterproof membrane rests against the primary insulating barrier.
  • the primary waterproof membrane 8 has corrugations and is therefore a corrugated waterproof membrane.
  • this technique can also be applied to tanks having a plurality of thermally insulating barriers and superimposed waterproof membranes.
  • a manhole Depending on the dimensions of the hatch 4, it may also be called a manhole. Depending on the dimensions of the first duct 2, it may also be referred to as a hardware hole.
  • liquefied gas can be Liquefied Natural Gas, liquid ethane, liquid propane, liquid argon, liquid ammonia, and liquid hydrogen. These fluids are cryogenic fluids.
  • the method may require unscrewing the bolts (not shown) maintaining the hatch 4 to the connection flange 40. Then, a crane allows the hatch 4 to be lifted by its lifting rings 51. Since the hatch 4 and the second plug 20 are integral, the removal of the hatch 4 allows the second plug 20 to be removed, thus freeing the passage formed by the second duct 12. This therefore allows access to the inside of the tank from the outside of the tank. We fear thus passing the perishing of material, an unloading pump or carrying out maintenance operations by a human.
  • the hatch 4 and the second plug 20 are replaced in their initial position using the crane and the bolts screwed in to keep the hatch 4 fixed to the connection flange 40.
  • the method can include a step of separating the waterproof membrane 8 to separate it from the tank. plywood plate of wood of the self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13 of the first plug 10. This step consists of cutting part 61 of the waterproof membrane 8 at the level of the cut line 60 and separating this part 61 from the 'free end of the second duct 12 which opens into the interior volume of the tank.
  • This step is followed or preceded by unscrewing the bolts (not shown) holding the cover 11 of the closure device 3 to the support flange 30.
  • the crane then makes it possible to lift the cover 11 by its withdrawal rings 41.
  • the cover 11 and the first stopper 10 are integral, the removal of the cover 11 makes it possible to remove the first stopper 10 and therefore the closure device as a whole.
  • the first duct 2 of the wall 1 is completely free and makes it possible to introduce or extract the solid parts constituting the waterproof membrane 7.
  • the closure device 3 is put back into the first duct 2 with the cover 11 resting on the support flange 30. Bolts are used. to lock the cover 11 to the support flange 30. Then, the part 61 of the waterproof membrane 8 is re-welded to the rest of the waterproof membrane 8.
  • a closing plate forming a similar repair part to the part 61 of the waterproof membrane 61.
  • the Wandering closure plate made up of several pieces pre-assembled or assembled once introduced into the tank.
  • the hatch 4 accompanied by the second plug 20 is positioned on the connection flange 40 and fixed thereto by with bolts.
  • the wall which is the subject of the present invention is in no way limited by the shapes, the dimensions or the locations described. It is obvious that the scared wall, for example, wanders a side wall of a tank or a transverse wall of a tank.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wall (1) of a tank for the storage and/or transport of a liquefied gas, comprising a duct (2) passing through the wall (1) in a thickness direction (E) of the wall, a closure device (3) configured to close the duct (2), the closure device (3) comprising at least one hatch (4) configured to give access to an interior of the tank

Description

Double trappe d’accès pour une cuve de transport de gaz liquéfié Double access hatch for a liquefied gas transport tank
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves de stockage, notamment de gaz liquéfié. L’invention concerne, plus particulièrement, les dispositifs d’accès à l’intérieur de telles cuves, par exemple pour des opérations d’inspection et/ou de maintenance.The present invention relates to the field of storage tanks, in particular for liquefied gas. The invention relates more particularly to devices for accessing the interior of such tanks, for example for inspection and / or maintenance operations.
Les navires de transport de gaz liquéfié présentent généralement une structure à double paroi délimitant une cuve destinée à accueillir du gaz liquéfié. On entend par « gaz liquéfié » tout corps qui est à l’état de vapeur dans les conditions normales de pression et de température et qui a été placé dans l’état liquide par abaissement de sa température. La cuve comporte une paroi supérieure laquelle est généralement interrompue en plusieurs emplacements par des ouvertures. Ces ouvertures peuvent par exemple être des structures saillantes en forme de tourelle ou de cheminée et correspondent à des structures appelées dôme gaz, dôme liquide ou trou d’homme. Une première tourelle sert de point de pénétration pour divers équipements de manutention de la cargaison, à savoir une ligne de remplissage, une ligne de pompage d'urgence, des lignes de déchargement liées à des pompes de déchargement, une ligne de pulvérisation et une ligne d'alimentation liée à une pompe de pulvérisation. La deuxième tourelle sert de point de pénétration pour une conduite collectrice de vapeur. Liquefied gas transport ships generally have a double-walled structure delimiting a tank intended to receive liquefied gas. By "liquefied gas" is meant any body which is in the vapor state under normal pressure and temperature conditions and which has been placed in the liquid state by lowering its temperature. The tank has an upper wall which is generally interrupted at several locations by openings. These openings can for example be protruding structures in the form of a turret or chimney and correspond to structures called gas dome, liquid dome or manhole. A first turret serves as a point of penetration for various cargo handling equipment, namely a filling line, an emergency pumping line, unloading lines linked to unloading pumps, a spray line and a line. power supply linked to a spray pump. The second turret serves as a point of entry for a vapor collection line.
Les cuves peuvent ainsi comporter une pompe immergée pour le déchargement du gaz liquéfié. Une ouverture de la paroi supérieure est alors prévue à des fins d'entretien et/ou d'inspection de la pompe immergée. Une autre ouverture, distincte de celle dédiée à la pompe de déchargement est prévue à des fins d’entretien de la cuve. Cette dernière ouverture est ainsi dimensionnée pour autoriser le passage de pièce de remplacement de la structure de la cuve. The tanks can thus include a submerged pump for unloading the liquefied gas. An opening in the upper wall is then provided for maintenance and / or inspection of the submersible pump. Another opening, separate from the one dedicated to the unloading pump, is provided for tank maintenance. This last opening is thus dimensioned to allow the passage of replacement part of the structure of the tank.
Un premier inconvénient de ces ouvertures en plusieurs emplacements de la paroi supérieure de la cuve est un accroissement des risques de fuites aux niveaux des multiples soudures de traversées de la membrane. Un deuxième inconvénient de cette multiplicité d’ouvertures est une diminution de l’isolation thermique de la cuve par le biais des ponts thermiques crées, ce qui provoque une évaporation plus importante du gaz liquéfié contenu dans la cuve et au final une réduction des capacités de transport du navire équipé d’une telle cuve. A first drawback of these openings at several locations on the upper wall of the vessel is an increased risk of leaks at the multiple welds of the membrane feedthroughs. A second drawback of this multiplicity of openings is a reduction in the thermal insulation of the tank through the thermal bridges created, which causes greater evaporation of the liquefied gas contained in the tank and ultimately a reduction in the heating capacities. transport of the ship equipped with such a tank.
Un troisième inconvénient de cette multiplicité d’ouvertures est que la présence d’ouverture augmente la complexité de la conception et de la fabrication d’une telle cuve, notamment en ce qui concerne les différentes couches d’isolation, l’arrangement des pièces métalliques constituant la membrane et les contraintes mécaniques que ces ouvertures génèrent. A third drawback of this multiplicity of openings is that the presence of an opening increases the complexity of the design and manufacture of such a tank, in particular with regard to the various layers of insulation, the arrangement of the metal parts. constituting the membrane and the mechanical stresses that these openings generate.
La présente invention a pour objet de palier au moins un des inconvénients précités et de conduire en outre à d’autres avantages en proposant un nouveau type de paroi pour une de cuve de transport et/ou de stockage de gaz liquéfié. The object of the present invention is to alleviate at least one of the aforementioned drawbacks and also to lead to other advantages by proposing a new type of wall for a tank for transporting and / or storing liquefied gas.
Un autre but de l’invention est de rationnaliser le nombre d’ouvertures réalisées dans la paroi de la cuve de transport et/ou de stockage de gaz liquéfié. Another object of the invention is to rationalize the number of openings made in the wall of the liquefied gas transport and / or storage tank.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit une paroi de cuve de stockage et/ou de transport d’un gaz liquéfié. La paroi comprend un conduit traversant la paroi selon une direction d’épaisseur de la paroi et un dispositif d’obturation configuré pour fermer le conduit. Le dispositif d’obturation comporte au moins une trappe configurée pour donner accès à un intérieur de la cuve. According to one embodiment, the invention provides a tank wall for storing and / or transporting a liquefied gas. The wall includes a conduit extending through the wall in a direction of wall thickness and a closure device configured to close the conduit. The closure device includes at least one hatch configured to provide access to an interior of the tank.
L’invention permet donc de réunir deux ouvertures de la paroi supérieure de la cuve, toutes deux ouvrant sur un même volume intérieur de la cuve. De plus, au lieu d’avoir une interruption de la membrane étanche et de la barrière thermiquement isolante en deux emplacements distincts de la paroi supérieure, il n’y en a maintenant plus qu’en un seul emplacement. Par conséquent, l’étanchéité de la paroi ainsi que l’isolation thermique de cette même paroi sont améliorées. The invention therefore makes it possible to bring together two openings in the upper wall of the tank, both opening onto the same internal volume of the tank. In addition, instead of having an interruption of the waterproof membrane and the thermally insulating barrier at two separate locations on the top wall, there is now only one in one location. Consequently, the tightness of the wall as well as the thermal insulation of the same wall are improved.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif d’obturation est un ensemble qui incorpore plusieurs éléments tels que la trappe, un couvercle, un deuxième conduit, un premier bouchon et/ou un deuxième bouchon. De tels éléments sont exposés en plus de détails ci-dessous. According to one embodiment, the closure device is an assembly which incorporates several elements such as the hatch, a cover, a second duct, a first plug and / or a second plug. Such elements are discussed in more detail below.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le conduit présente une section quadrangulaire vue dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi. According to one embodiment, the duct has a quadrangular section seen in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la section quadrangulaire est un carré. According to one embodiment, the quadrangular section is a square.
Selon un mode de réalisation, une longueur d’un côté du carré est comprise entre 1,3m et 1,7m, de préférence entre 1,4m et 1,5m. According to one embodiment, a length of one side of the square is between 1.3m and 1.7m, preferably between 1.4m and 1.5m.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le conduit présente une section circulaire vue dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi. According to one embodiment, the duct has a circular section seen in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la section circulaire présente un diamètre compris entre 1,3m et 1,7m, de préférence entre 1,4m et 1,5m. According to one embodiment, the circular section has a diameter of between 1.3m and 1.7m, preferably between 1.4m and 1.5m.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le conduit comprend une première bouche configurée pour déboucher sur un environnement extérieur de la cuve et une deuxième bouche configurée pour déboucher sur l’intérieur de la cuve, et le dispositif d’obturation comprend un couvercle qui ferme la première bouche. According to one embodiment, the duct comprises a first mouth configured to open onto an environment outside the tank and a second mouth configured to open onto the inside of the tank, and the closure device comprises a cover which closes the first one. mouth.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le couvercle et la trappe s’étendent chacun dans un plan distinct. According to one embodiment, the cover and the hatch each extend in a separate plane.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le plan d’extension du couvercle est sensiblement parallèle au plan d’extension de la trappe. According to one embodiment, the plane of extension of the cover is substantially parallel to the plane of extension of the hatch.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le plan d’extension du dispositif d’obturation et le plan d’extension du couvercle sont sensiblement orthogonaux à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi. According to one embodiment, the plane of extension of the closure device and the plane of extension of the cover are substantially orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le couvercle présente une percée donnant un accès à l’intérieur de la cuve et la trappe est configurée pour fermer ladite percée. Ainsi, la trappe peut être liée mécaniquement au couvercle et/ou vient se poser sur le couvercle. According to one embodiment, the cover has a breakthrough giving access to the interior of the tank and the hatch is configured to close said breakthrough. Thus, the hatch can be mechanically linked to the cover and / or comes to rest on the cover.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le conduit est un premier conduit et le dispositif d’obturation comprend un premier bouchon qui s’étend au moins en partie dans l’épaisseur de la paroi er adjacent à une face interne du premier conduit, et un deuxième bouchon qui s’étend au moins en partie dans l’épaisseur de la paroi er à l'intérieur du premier conduit, le premier bouchon er le deuxième bouchon étant séparés par un deuxième conduit. Il faut entendre ici, ainsi que dans tour ce qui suit, par bouchon qu’il s’agir d’un élément mobile qui sert à clore au moins en partie un conduit par insertion d’au moins une partie du bouchon dans ledit conduit. According to one embodiment, the duct is a first duct and the closure device comprises a first plug which extends at least partly in the thickness of the wall adjacent to an internal face of the first duct, and a second stopper which extends at least partly in the thickness of the wall er inside the first duct, the first stopper and the second stopper being separated by a second duct. It should be understood here, as well as in the following section, by stopper that it is a movable element which serves to at least partially close a duct by inserting at least part of the stopper in said duct.
Selon un mode de réalisation, au moins une partie du deuxième bouchon présente une forme complémentaire à une face interne du deuxième conduit. According to one embodiment, at least part of the second plug has a shape complementary to an internal face of the second duct.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le deuxième bouchon er la trappe sont solidaires. On comprend ici que le deuxième bouchon er la trappe sont liés l’un à l'autre de sorte que l'extraction ou le basculement de la trappe entraîne dans ce mouvement le deuxième bouchon. According to one embodiment, the second stopper and the hatch are integral. It is understood here that the second stopper and the hatch are linked to each other so that the extraction or tilting of the hatch causes the second stopper in this movement.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le deuxième bouchon comprend un matériau rhermiquemenr isolant. Selon un mode de réalisation, le deuxième bouchon comprend un logement délimité par la trappe er par une plaque reliée à la trappe par au moins une tige, le deuxième bouchon comprenant un matériau rhermiquemenr isolant agencé dans le logement. Le matériau rhermiquemenr isolant est par exemple disposé entre la trappe er plaque, dans la direction de l’épaisseur de la paroi. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le deuxième bouchon comprend un matériau rhermiquemenr isolant er une plaque, le matériau rhermiquemenr isolant étant relié à une face inférieure de la trappe, er la plaque étant solidaire du matériau rhermiquemenr isolant. According to another embodiment, the second plug comprises a thermally insulating material. According to one embodiment, the second stopper comprises a housing delimited by the hatch and by a plate connected to the hatch by at least one rod, the second stopper comprising a thermally insulating material arranged in the housing. The thermally insulating material is for example disposed between the hatch and plate, in the direction of the thickness of the wall. According to another embodiment, the second plug comprises a rhermiquemenr insulating material and a plate, the rhermiquemenr insulating material being connected to a lower face of the hatch, and the plate being integral with the rhermiquemenr insulating material.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le matériau rhermiquemenr isolant s’étend dans le deuxième conduit sur une longueur mesurée le long de la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi, au plus identique à une longueur du deuxième conduit, mesurée dans la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi. Selon un mode de réalisation, le matériau thermiquement isolant s’étend sur toute la longueur du deuxième conduit mesurée le long de la direction d’épaisseur. Le deuxième bouchon présente ainsi des capacités d’isolation thermique au moins équivalentes à la paroi de la cuve en une zone dépourvue d’ouverture. Selon un mode de réalisation, le matériau thermiquement isolant comprend une mousse de polyuréthane. Selon un mode de réalisation, la mousse de polyuréthane est renforcée par des fibres de verre. According to one embodiment, the thermally insulating material extends in the second duct over a length measured along the thickness direction of the wall, at most identical to a length of the second duct, measured in the thickness direction. of the wall. According to one embodiment, the thermally insulating material extends over the entire length of the second duct measured along the thickness direction. The second stopper thus has thermal insulation capacities at least equivalent to the wall of the tank in a zone without an opening. According to one embodiment, the thermally insulating material comprises a polyurethane foam. According to one embodiment, the polyurethane foam is reinforced with glass fibers.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le matériau thermiquement isolant comprend une mousse de polyéthylène ou une mousse de polypropylène. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le matériau thermiquement isolant comprend une laine minérale. Selon un mode de réalisation, la laine minérale est choisie parmi la laine de verre, la laine de roche et un de leur mélange. According to another embodiment, the thermally insulating material comprises a polyethylene foam or a polypropylene foam. According to another embodiment, the thermally insulating material comprises mineral wool. According to one embodiment, the mineral wool is chosen from glass wool, rock wool and a mixture thereof.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque affleure une extrémité libre du deuxième conduit qui s’étend à l'intérieur de la cuve. Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque présente une section circulaire vue dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi. According to one embodiment, the plate is flush with a free end of the second duct which extends inside the tank. According to one embodiment, the plate has a circular section seen in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque est un panneau de contreplaqué de bois, un panneau de composite ou un panneau métallique. According to one embodiment, the plate is a wood plywood panel, a composite panel or a metal panel.
Selon un mode de réalisation, au moins une partie du premier bouchon présente une forme complémentaire à une face interne du premier conduit. C’est ainsi que le premier bouchon peur remplir un espace délimité par la face interne du premier conduit. According to one embodiment, at least part of the first plug has a shape complementary to an internal face of the first duct. This is how the first plug can fill a space delimited by the internal face of the first duct.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier bouchon et le couvercle sont solidaires. Cela permet d’extraire le premier bouchon en même temps qu’on enlève le couvercle. According to one embodiment, the first stopper and the cover are integral. This allows the first stopper to be removed at the same time as the cover is removed.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier bouchon comprend au moins un panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant disposé autour du deuxième conduit. On comprend ici que le panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant s’étend depuis la face interne du premier conduit jusqu’au deuxième conduit, c’est-à-dire jusqu’à une face externe du deuxième conduit, en entourant ce dernier. According to one embodiment, the first plug comprises at least one self-supporting thermally insulating panel arranged around the second duct. It is understood here that the self-supporting thermally insulating panel extends from the internal face of the first conduit to the second conduit, that is to say to an external face of the second conduit, surrounding the latter.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier bouchon comprend un adhésif configuré pour réaliser une liaison mécanique entre le panneau autoporteur thermiquement isolant et le couvercle. Autrement dir, le panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant est solidarisé au couvercle par l'intermédiaire d’un adhésif. Selon un mode de réalisation, l’adhésif est un mastic. Avantageusement, le mastic permet de reprendre les défauts de planéité de la coque et ainsi de mettre au même niveau selon l’axe vertical Z le premier bouchon et le panneau rhermiquemenr isolant. According to one embodiment, the first cap comprises an adhesive configured to provide a mechanical connection between the thermally insulating self-supporting panel and the cover. In other words, the self-supporting thermally insulating panel is secured to the cover by means of an adhesive. In one embodiment, the adhesive is a sealant. Advantageously, the mastic makes it possible to take up the defects of flatness of the shell and thus to put at the same level along the vertical axis Z the first plug and the thermally insulating panel.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant comprend un bloc rhermiquemenr isolant de polyuréthane rigide et un panneau de contreplaqué de bois sur lequel repose le bloc de polyuréthane rigide. Selon un autre mode de réalisation le panneau de contreplaqué de bois peur erre remplacé par un panneau de composite ou un panneau métallique, par exemple en acier inox ou en aluminium. According to one embodiment, the self-supporting thermally insulating panel comprises a thermally insulating block of rigid polyurethane and a panel of wood plywood on which the block of rigid polyurethane rests. According to another embodiment, the wooden plywood panel can be replaced by a composite panel or a metal panel, for example made of stainless steel or aluminum.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant comporte une boire formée de panneaux de contreplaqué et remplie d’une laine minérale, par exemple une laine de verre et/ou une laine de roche. According to another embodiment, the self-supporting thermally insulating panel comprises a drink formed from plywood panels and filled with mineral wool, for example glass wool and / or rock wool.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant est en contact avec la face interne du premier conduit. Il n’y a donc pas d’espace entre la face interne du premier conduit et le panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant. According to one embodiment, the self-supporting rhermiquemenr insulating panel is in contact with the internal face of the first duct. There is therefore no space between the internal face of the first duct and the self-supporting thermally insulating panel.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant est en contact avec le deuxième conduit. Il n’y a donc pas d’espace entre le deuxième conduit et le panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant. According to one embodiment, the self-supporting rhermiquemenr insulating panel is in contact with the second duct. There is therefore no space between the second duct and the self-supporting thermally insulating panel.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier bouchon comprend une laine minérale, par exemple une laine de verre et/ou une laine de roche. La laine minérale permet de combler de possible espaces entre les panneaux autoporteurs et/ou de combler l’espace entre le ou les panneaux autoporteurs qui entourent le deuxième conduit et le deuxième conduit en tant tel. Selon un mode de réalisation, le panneau autoporteur thermiquement isolant affleure une extrémité libre du deuxième conduit qui s’étend à l’intérieur de la cuve. According to one embodiment, the first stopper comprises mineral wool, for example glass wool and / or rock wool. The mineral wool makes it possible to fill any possible spaces between the self-supporting panels and / or to fill the space between the self-supporting panel or panels which surround the second duct and the second duct as such. According to one embodiment, the thermally insulating self-supporting panel is flush with a free end of the second duct which extends inside the tank.
Selon un mode de réalisation, une superficie d’une section du deuxième conduit est inférieure à une superficie d’une section du premier conduit, les sections étant vues dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi. According to one embodiment, an area of a section of the second duct is less than an area of a section of the first duct, the sections being viewed in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall.
Selon l’invention, la section du deuxième conduit est inscrite dans la section du premier conduit, les sections étant vues dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi. According to the invention, the section of the second duct is inscribed within the section of the first duct, the sections being viewed in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le deuxième conduit présente une section circulaire vue dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi. According to one embodiment, the second duct has a circular section seen in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la section circulaire du deuxième conduit présente un diamètre compris entre 0,8m et 1,2m, plus particulièrement entre 0,9m et 1,1m. According to one embodiment, the circular section of the second duct has a diameter of between 0.8m and 1.2m, more particularly between 0.9m and 1.1m.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le deuxième conduit présente une section triangulaire ou une section quadrangulaire, par exemple carrée ou rectangulaire, vue dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi. According to another embodiment, the second duct has a triangular section or a quadrangular section, for example square or rectangular, seen in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le deuxième conduit comprend une bride configurée pour coopérer avec la trappe, en vue de fermer le deuxième conduit. En d’autres termes, la trappe vient en appui sur la bride de manière à couvrir le deuxième conduit. Autrement dir, la trappe vient reposer sur le couvercle pour complètement obturer une ouverture extérieure du deuxième conduit. According to one embodiment, the second duct comprises a flange configured to cooperate with the hatch, with a view to closing the second duct. In other words, the hatch rests on the flange so as to cover the second duct. In other words, the hatch comes to rest on the cover to completely close off an exterior opening of the second duct.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le deuxième conduit comprend une extrémité libre à l’intérieur de la cuve, l'extrémité libre s’étendant dans un plan d’extension parallèle à un plan d’extension de la paroi, les plans d’extension étant distincts l’un de l'autre. According to one embodiment, the second duct comprises a free end inside the tank, the free end extending in an extension plane parallel to an extension plane of the wall, the extension planes being distinct from each other.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la bride ceinture le deuxième conduit au niveau de la première ouverture. Autrement dir, la bride s’étend circonférentiellement sur le contour de la première ouverture. Selon un mode de réalisation, le couvercle et le deuxième conduit sont solidairement reliés l’un à l’autre. Le couvercle et le deuxième conduit sont par exemple soudés l’un à l’autre et/ou maintenus l’un à l’autre par serrage avec une pluralité de boulons. La soudure peut être effectuée par exemple au niveau d’une face externe du deuxième conduit, opposée à la face interne du deuxième conduit. On comprend dans ce contexte que le deuxième conduit traverse le couvercle par la percée qu’il présente. According to one embodiment, the flange surrounds the second conduit at the level of the first opening. In other words, the flange extends circumferentially over the contour of the first opening. According to one embodiment, the cover and the second duct are integrally connected to one another. The cover and the second duct are for example welded to one another and / or held together by clamping with a plurality of bolts. The welding can be carried out for example at the level of an external face of the second duct, opposite to the internal face of the second duct. It is understood in this context that the second duct passes through the cover by the opening that it presents.
Selon un mode de réalisation, une partie supérieure du deuxième conduit fait saillie depuis le couvercle vers l’exrérieur de la cuve selon la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi.According to one embodiment, an upper part of the second duct projects from the cover towards the outside of the tank in the direction of the thickness of the wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif d’obturation comprend des renforts disposés circonférentiellement contre le deuxième conduit et qui s’étendent depuis le couvercle vers l’exrérieur de la cuve selon la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi. According to one embodiment, the closure device comprises reinforcements disposed circumferentially against the second duct and which extend from the cover towards the exterior of the vessel in the direction of the thickness of the wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi comprend dans la direction de son épaisseur, au moins une barrière rhermiquemenr isolante et au moins une membrane étanche destinée à erre en contact avec le gaz liquéfié à l’intérieur de la cuve, la membrane étanche étant en regard au moins partiellement du premier conduit dans la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi. En d’autres termes, une partie de la membrane étanche obstrue le premier conduit, que ce soir lors de la fabrication initiale de la cuve ou après une opération ayant requis la découpe de la membrane étanche. According to one embodiment, the wall comprises in the direction of its thickness, at least one thermally insulating barrier and at least one sealed membrane intended to wander in contact with the liquefied gas inside the tank, the sealed membrane being in view at least partially of the first duct in the direction of thickness of the wall. In other words, part of the waterproof membrane obstructs the first duct, only this evening during the initial manufacture of the tank or after an operation which required the cutting of the waterproof membrane.
Ainsi, la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi peur erre définie comme étant une direction perpendiculaire au plan de développement de la membrane étanche. Thus, the direction of thickness of the wall can be wandered defined as being a direction perpendicular to the development plane of the waterproof membrane.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane étanche présente un évidement pour laisser passer une partie du deuxième conduit. According to one embodiment, the waterproof membrane has a recess for allowing part of the second duct to pass.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la barrière rhermiquemenr isolante est une barrière rhermiquemenr isolante primaire, la membrane étanche est une membrane étanche primaire destinée à erre en contact avec le gaz liquéfié à l’intérieur de la cuve, la paroi comprend une barrière rhermiquemenr isolante secondaire et une membrane étanche secondaire, la membrane étanche secondaire repose contre la barrière isolante secondaire, la barrière rhermiquemenr isolante primaire repose contre la membrane étanche secondaire et la membrane étanche primaire repose contre la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire. According to one embodiment, the heat-insulating barrier is a primary heat-insulating barrier, the waterproof membrane is a primary waterproof membrane intended to wander in contact with the liquefied gas inside the tank, the wall comprises a secondary insulating heat barrier and a secondary waterproof membrane, the secondary waterproof membrane rests against the secondary insulating barrier, the primary thermally insulating barrier rests against the waterproof membrane secondary and the primary waterproof membrane rests against the primary thermally insulating barrier.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane étanche primaire comporte des ondulations.According to one embodiment, the primary waterproof membrane comprises corrugations.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention propose une cuve de stockage et/ou de transport d’un gaz liquéfié comprenant au moins une paroi selon l’invention. According to one embodiment, the invention provides a tank for storing and / or transporting a liquefied gas comprising at least one wall according to the invention.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le gaz liquéfié est un fluide cryogénique. Ce gaz liquéfié est choisi parmi le Gaz Naturel Liquéfié, le Gaz de Pétrole Liquéfié, l’éthane liquide, le propane liquide, l’argon liquide, de l’ammoniac liquide, et l’hydrogène liquide. According to one embodiment, the liquefied gas is a cryogenic fluid. This liquefied gas is chosen from Liquefied Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, liquid ethane, liquid propane, liquid argon, liquid ammonia, and liquid hydrogen.
On a décrit le dispositif d’obturation dans sa position fermée, mais quand il est dans une position ouverte, le deuxième bouchon et/ou le premier bouchon et/ou la trappe sont à l’extérieur de la cuve, la trappe étant basculée sur un pivot, par exemple, ou encore complètement séparée du dispositif d’obturation et donc de la paroi objet de l’invention. Il en va de même pour le couvercle quand celui-ci est séparée de la paroi de cuve. The closure device has been described in its closed position, but when it is in an open position, the second plug and / or the first plug and / or the hatch are outside the tank, the hatch being tilted on a pivot, for example, or else completely separate from the closure device and therefore from the wall which is the subject of the invention. The same applies to the cover when the latter is separated from the tank wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit par ailleurs une méthode pour accéder à l’intérieur d’une cuve selon l’invention comprenant une étape de retrait du deuxième bouchon de manière à accéder à l’intérieur de la cuve, c’est-à-dire de pénétrer à l’intérieur de la cuve depuis l’extérieur de la cuve, pour, par exemple, faire passer du matériel ou réaliser des opérations de maintenance par un humain, une étape de découpage d’une partie de la membrane étanche autour du dispositif d’obturation, et une étape de retrait du dispositif d’obturation. Ainsi, il est possible d’introduire à l’intérieur de la cuve depuis l’extérieur de la cuve du plus gros matériel que lors de la première étape, comme par exemple introduire un panneau d’angle de la couche primaire ou secondaire de la cuve. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method for accessing the interior of a tank according to the invention comprising a step of removing the second stopper so as to access the interior of the tank, that is, that is to say to penetrate inside the tank from the outside of the tank, for example to pass equipment or perform maintenance operations by a human, a step of cutting a part of the waterproof membrane around the closure device, and a step of removing the closure device. Thus, it is possible to introduce inside the tank from the outside of the tank larger material than during the first step, such as for example inserting a corner panel of the primary or secondary layer of the tank.
Selon les dimensions de la trappe, elle peut aussi être appelée trou d’homme. Selon les dimensions du premier conduit, il peut aussi être appelée trou de matériel. Depending on the dimensions of the hatch, it may also be referred to as a manhole. Depending on the dimensions of the first duct, it can also be referred to as a hardware hole.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit enfin une méthode de fermeture d’un premier conduit obtenu à partir de la méthode pour accéder à l’intérieur d’une cuve selon l’invention, la méthode de fermeture comprenant une étape de repose du dispositif d’obturation sur le premier conduit, une étape de soudage d’une plaque de fermeture sur la membrane étanche et une étape de repose de la trappe. According to one embodiment, the invention finally provides a method of closing a first duct obtained from the method for accessing the interior of a tank according to the invention, the closing method comprising a step of resting of the device sealing on the first duct, a step of welding a closure plate to the waterproof membrane and a step of refitting the hatch.
D’autres caractéristiques et avantages de l’invention apparaîtront encore au travers de la description qui suit d’une part, et de plusieurs exemples de réalisation donnés à titre indicatif et non limitatif en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés d’autre part, sur lesquels : Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description on the one hand, and from several exemplary embodiments given by way of indication and not limiting with reference to the appended schematic drawings on the other hand, in which :
[fig 1] La figure 1 est une vue en perspective et de l’extérieur d’une paroi d’une cuve de stockage et/ou de transport d’un gaz liquéfié selon l’invention. [fig 1] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the exterior of a wall of a tank for storing and / or transporting a liquefied gas according to the invention.
[fig 2] La figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon le plan YZ et en perspective de la paroi représentée sur la figure 1. [fig 2] Figure 2 is a sectional view along the YZ plane and in perspective of the wall shown in Figure 1.
[fig 3] La figure 3 est une vue éclatée de la paroi représentée sur la figure 2. [fig 3] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the wall shown in Figure 2.
Il faut tout d’abord noter que si les figures exposent l’invention de manière détaillée pour sa mise en œuvre, elles peuvent bien entendu servir à mieux définir l’invention le cas échéant. Il est également à noter que, sur l’ensemble des figures, les éléments similaires et/ou remplissant la même fonction sont indiqués par la même numérotation.It should first be noted that if the figures set out the invention in detail for its implementation, they can of course be used to better define the invention if necessary. It should also be noted that, in all the figures, similar elements and / or performing the same function are indicated by the same numbering.
Dans la description qui va suivre, une direction d’un axe longitudinal X, une direction d’un axe transversal Y et une direction d’un axe vertical Z sont représentées par un trièdre (X, Y, Z) sur les figures. On définit un plan horizontal comme étant un plan perpendiculaire à l’axe vertical et comme comprenant la direction de l’axe longitudinal X et la direction de l’axe transversal Y, un plan longitudinal comme étant un plan perpendiculaire à l’axe transversal et comme comprenant la direction de l’axe longitudinal X et la direction de l’axe vertical Z, et un plan transversal comme étant un plan perpendiculaire à l’axe longitudinal et comme comprenant la direction de l’axe transversal Y et la direction de l’axe vertical Z. In the following description, a direction of a longitudinal axis X, a direction of a transverse axis Y and a direction of a vertical axis Z are represented by a trihedron (X, Y, Z) in the figures. A horizontal plane is defined as being a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis and as comprising the direction of the longitudinal axis X and the direction of the transverse axis Y, a longitudinal plane as being a plane perpendicular to the transverse axis and as comprising the direction of the longitudinal axis X and the direction of the vertical axis Z, and a transverse plane as being a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and as comprising the direction of the transverse axis Y and the direction of l 'vertical axis Z.
La direction de l’axe longitudinal X est parallèle à une direction longitudinale d’un navire comprenant une cuve selon l’invention. The direction of the longitudinal axis X is parallel to a longitudinal direction of a vessel comprising a tank according to the invention.
Les figures sont décrites ci- après dans le cadre d’une structure porteuse constituée par les parois internes d’une double coque d’un navire pour le transport de gaz liquéfié. Une telle structure porteuse peut notamment présenter une géométrie polyédrique, par exemple de forme prismatique. Une telle structure porteuse comprend des parois longitudinales qui comportent une paroi inférieure, des parois latérales et une paroi supérieure. Les parois longitudinales s’étendent parallèlement à la direction longitudinale du navire. The figures are described below in the context of a supporting structure formed by the internal walls of a double hull of a ship for transporting liquefied gas. A such a supporting structure may in particular have a polyhedral geometry, for example of prismatic shape. Such a supporting structure comprises longitudinal walls which have a bottom wall, side walls and a top wall. The longitudinal walls extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vessel.
Les parois longitudinales sont interrompues dans la direction longitudinale du navire par des parois transversales qui sont perpendiculaires à la direction longitudinale du navire. Les parois longitudinales et la paroi transversales se rejoignent au niveau d’arêtes. The longitudinal walls are interrupted in the longitudinal direction of the vessel by transverse walls which are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vessel. The longitudinal walls and the transverse wall meet at the ridges.
Chaque paroi de la structure porteuse porte une paroi de cuve respective. Sur les figures 1 à 3, une paroi 1 de la cuve portée par la paroi supérieure de structure porteuse est représentée. Comme illustrée sur ces figures, la paroi 1 comprend au moins une barrière thermiquement isolante 7 contre laquelle est plaquée une membrane étanche 8 destinée à être au contact d’un fluide stocké dans la cuve tel que du gaz de pétrole liquéfié. Each wall of the supporting structure carries a respective tank wall. In Figures 1 to 3, a wall 1 of the tank carried by the upper wall of the supporting structure is shown. As illustrated in these figures, the wall 1 comprises at least one thermally insulating barrier 7 against which is pressed a waterproof membrane 8 intended to be in contact with a fluid stored in the tank such as liquefied petroleum gas.
La barrière thermiquement isolante 7 comprend des matériaux isolants se présentant sous forme de panneaux juxtaposés en matière thermiquement isolante. Ces panneaux comprennent une résine synthétique expansée ou cellulaire ou en un autre matériau thermiquement isolant, naturel ou synthétique. De plus, la barrière thermiquement isolante 7 peut comprendre un matériau de remplissage tel que de la laine minérale, par exemple de la laine de verre ou de la laine minérale. Ce matériau de remplissage est destiné à être inséré entre les panneaux juxtaposés. Ces panneaux comprennent par ailleurs une plaque de contreplaqué de bois. Sur un premier côté, la résine est collée, et sur un deuxième côté, opposé au premier côté, la membrane étanche 8 est vissée et/ou soudée. Dans un mode de réalisation non représenté, ces panneaux comprennent une plaque de composite ou une plaque métallique, par exemple en aluminium ou en acier inox, en remplacement de la plaque de contreplaqué de bois. The thermally insulating barrier 7 comprises insulating materials in the form of juxtaposed panels of thermally insulating material. These panels comprise an expanded or cellular synthetic resin or other thermally insulating material, natural or synthetic. In addition, the thermally insulating barrier 7 can comprise a filling material such as mineral wool, for example glass wool or mineral wool. This filling material is intended to be inserted between the juxtaposed panels. These panels also include a sheet of wood plywood. On a first side, the resin is glued, and on a second side, opposite to the first side, the waterproof membrane 8 is screwed and / or welded. In an embodiment not shown, these panels comprise a composite plate or a metal plate, for example made of aluminum or stainless steel, replacing the wooden plywood plate.
En référence aux figures 2 et 3, la paroi 1 est interrompue en un emplacement par un premier conduit 2. En d’autres termes, le premier conduit 2 s’étend au travers de la paroi 1 selon une direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. Ainsi, la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi peut être définie comme étant une direction perpendiculaire au plan de développement de la membrane étanche 8. Ici, la direction d’épaisseur E est parallèle à l’axe vertical Z. Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the wall 1 is interrupted at one location by a first duct 2. In other words, the first duct 2 extends through the wall 1 in a direction of thickness E of the wall. wall 1. Thus, the thickness direction E of the wall can be defined as being a direction perpendicular to the plane of the wall. development of the waterproof membrane 8. Here, the thickness direction E is parallel to the vertical axis Z.
Le premier conduit 2 est destiné à faire passer des pièces de remplacement de la barrière thermiquement isolante 7, tel que des panneaux plats, des panneaux d’angle simple ou des panneaux d’angles double. The first duct 2 is intended to pass replacement parts for the thermally insulating barrier 7, such as flat panels, single corner panels or double corner panels.
Le premier conduit 2 présente une section carrée, vu dans un plan orthogonal à l’axe vertical Z. Le premier conduit 2 a une forme d’un cylindre droit de section carrée se développant le long de l’axe vertical Z. Une longueur d’un côté du carré est de 1,47m. Il faut entendre ici, ainsi que dans ce qui suit, que le terme cylindre désigne une surface réglée dont les génératrices sont parallèles, c'est-à-dire une surface dans l'espace constituée de droites parallèles. Ainsi, on comprend que la section d’un cylindre peut être par exemple de forme triangulaire, carrée, rectangulaire, polygonale, circulaire ou encore ovale. The first duct 2 has a square section, seen in a plane orthogonal to the vertical axis Z. The first duct 2 has the shape of a right cylinder of square section developing along the vertical axis Z. A length d one side of the square is 1.47m. It should be understood here, as well as in what follows, that the term cylinder designates a ruled surface whose generatrices are parallel, that is to say a surface in space made up of parallel lines. Thus, it is understood that the section of a cylinder can be, for example, triangular, square, rectangular, polygonal, circular or even oval.
Comme illustré sur la figure 3, le premier conduit 2 présente une première bouche 5 débouchant sur un environnement extérieur de la cuve et une deuxième bouche 6 débouchant sur l’intérieur de la cuve. Entre la première bouche 5 et la deuxième bouche 6, le premier conduit 2 comprend une face interne 70. As illustrated in Figure 3, the first duct 2 has a first mouth 5 opening onto an environment outside the tank and a second mouth 6 opening onto the inside of the tank. Between the first mouth 5 and the second mouth 6, the first duct 2 comprises an internal face 70.
La première bouche 5 est surmontée par une bride d’appui 30. La bride d’appui 30 s’étend depuis le contour de la première bouche 5 vers l’extérieur de la cuve. La bride d’appui 30 entoure entièrement le contour de la première bouche 5. La bride d’appui 30 présente donc un contour carré dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. The first mouth 5 is surmounted by a support flange 30. The support flange 30 extends from the contour of the first mouth 5 to the outside of the vessel. The support flange 30 entirely surrounds the contour of the first mouth 5. The support flange 30 therefore has a square contour in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction E of the wall 1.
La bride d’appui 30 est ceinturée par des étais 31 disposés uniformément tout autour de de la bride. Les étais 31 s’étendent depuis une face extérieure 9 de la paroi 1 et viennent sous la bride d’appui 30, pour soutenir la bride et éviter son affaissement en cas de charge mise sur la bride d’appui 30. Dans l’exemple illustré sur les figures 2 et 3, la deuxième bouche 6 est obstruée par une partie 61 de la membrane étanche 8, et cette partie 61 vient au contact d’un deuxième conduit 12 qui s’étend dans le premier conduit 2. The support flange 30 is surrounded by struts 31 arranged uniformly all around the flange. The props 31 extend from an outer face 9 of the wall 1 and come under the support flange 30, to support the flange and prevent it from sagging in the event of a load placed on the support flange 30. In the example illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, the second mouth 6 is blocked by a part 61 of the waterproof membrane 8, and this part 61 comes into contact with a second duct 12 which extends into the first duct 2 .
Cette partie 61 présente une surface et une forme au moins égale et identique à une surface correspondant à une projection du premier conduit 2 sur un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. En d’autres mots, la partie 61 présente une superficie au moins égale à une superficie d’un premier bouchon 10, qui sera décrit ci-après, vu en projection sur un plan perpendiculaire à la direction de l’épaisseur E de la paroi 1 De plus, la partie 61 de la membrane étanche primaire 6 présente une forme au moins en partie identique à la forme du premier bouchon 10 vu en projection sur un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. Autrement dit, la partie 61 de la membrane étanche 8 s’étend jusqu’à être en contact du deuxième conduit 12 qui s’étend dans le premier conduit 2 et la membrane étanche 8 est alors en partie en regard de la deuxième bouche 6 et donc l’obstrue au moins partiellement, voire totalement. This part 61 has a surface and a shape at least equal and identical to a surface corresponding to a projection of the first duct 2 on a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction E of the wall 1. In other words, the part 61 has an area at least equal to an area of a first plug 10, which will be described below, seen in projection on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the thickness E of the wall 1 In addition, the part 61 of the primary waterproof membrane 6 has a shape at least in part identical to the shape of the first plug 10 seen in projection on a plane perpendicular to the direction of thickness E of the wall 1. In other words, the part 61 of the waterproof membrane 8 s 'extends until it is in contact with the second duct 12 which extends into the first duct 2 and the waterproof membrane 8 is then partly opposite the second mouth 6 and therefore at least partially or even completely obstructs it.
Autrement dit, la membrane étanche 8 est en partie en regard de la deuxième bouche 6 et donc l’obstrue au moins partiellement, voire totalement. In other words, the waterproof membrane 8 is partly opposite the second mouth 6 and therefore obstructs it at least partially, or even completely.
Entre la première bouche 5 et la deuxième bouche 6, la face interne 70 du premier conduit 2 est délimité, par exemple, par au moins un élément thermiquement isolant 71 de la barrière thermiquement isolante 7. Cet élément thermiquement isolant 71 comporte de la laine de verre ou des panneaux de mousse souple, par exemple en polyuréthane ou en mélamine. Between the first mouth 5 and the second mouth 6, the internal face 70 of the first duct 2 is delimited, for example, by at least one thermally insulating element 71 of the thermally insulating barrier 7. This thermally insulating element 71 comprises wool of glass or flexible foam panels, for example polyurethane or melamine.
Comme le montrent les figures 2 et 3, le premier conduit 2 traverse la paroi 1 selon la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. Les parois du premier conduit 2 sont bordées par la bride d’appui 30, par l’élément thermiquement isolant 71 de la barrière thermiquement isolante 7 et par la membrane étanche 8 selon la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the first duct 2 passes through the wall 1 in the direction of thickness E of the wall 1. The walls of the first duct 2 are bordered by the support flange 30, by the thermally element. insulating 71 of the thermally insulating barrier 7 and by the waterproof membrane 8 in the direction of thickness E of the wall 1.
En référence aux figures 1 à 3 et selon l’invention, la paroi 1 comprend un dispositif d’obturation 3 pour fermer le premier conduit 2. Le dispositif d’obturation 3 comporte au moins un couvercle 11, un premier bouchon 10, un deuxième conduit 12. Le couvercle 11 vient fermer la première bouche 5 en venant se reposer sur la bride d’appui 30. Ainsi, le couvercle 11 présente une forme identique à la bride d’appui 30 vu dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. Le couvercle 11 présente donc une section carrée vue dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. Bien entendu, une relie forme de section n’est qu’un exemple, le couvercle étant de forme similaire à la section du premier conduit. Referring to Figures 1 to 3 and according to the invention, the wall 1 comprises a closure device 3 for closing the first duct 2. The closure device 3 comprises at least one cover 11, a first plug 10, a second led 12. The cover 11 closes the first mouth 5 by coming to rest on the support flange 30. Thus, the cover 11 has a shape identical to the support flange 30 seen in a plane orthogonal to the direction of thickness E of the wall 1. The cover 11 therefore has a square section seen in a plane orthogonal to the direction of thickness E of the wall 1. Of course, a cross-section form is only one example, the cover being of the form similar to the section of the first duct.
Le couvercle 11 s’étend dans un plan d’extension perpendiculaire à l’axe vertical Z. Le couvercle 11 présente une percée 17 donnant accès à l’intérieur de la cuve. La percée 17 permet au couvercle 11 d’être traversé par le deuxième conduit 12. Le couvercle 11 et le deuxième conduit 12 sont fixés l’un à l’aurre par soudage et ne forme qu’une seule pièce. Le soudage est effectué au niveau d’une face externe du deuxième conduit 12, le long de sa circonférence c’est-à-dire son contour. De manière additionnelle ou alternative, le couvercle 11 et le deuxième conduit 12 peuvent erre maintenus l’un à l’aurre par serrage en utilisant des boulons. The cover 11 extends in an extension plane perpendicular to the vertical axis Z. The cover 11 has a hole 17 giving access to the interior of the tank. The breakthrough 17 allows the cover 11 to be crossed by the second duct 12. The cover 11 and the second duct 12 are attached to each other by welding and form a single piece. Welding is carried out at an external face of the second duct 12, along its circumference, that is to say its contour. Additionally or alternatively, the cover 11 and the second duct 12 can be clamped together by clamping using bolts.
Le deuxième conduit 12 est destinée à faire passer des équipements tels qu’une pompe pour extraire une phase liquide ou une phase vapeur du gaz liquéfié en vue de son évacuation hors de la cuve. The second pipe 12 is intended to pass equipment such as a pump for extracting a liquid phase or a vapor phase from the liquefied gas with a view to its evacuation from the tank.
Le deuxième conduit 12 présente une forme de cylindre droit à section circulaire et creux dont le diamètre est compris entre 0,9m et 1,2m. Alternativement, le deuxième conduit 12 peur présenter une section triangulaire ou quadrangulaire, par exemple carrée ou rectangulaire, vue dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi. The second duct 12 has the shape of a straight cylinder with a circular and hollow section, the diameter of which is between 0.9 m and 1.2 m. Alternatively, the second duct 12 can have a triangular or quadrangular section, for example square or rectangular, seen in a plane perpendicular to the direction of thickness E of the wall.
Une partie supérieure du deuxième conduit 12 fait saillie depuis une face supérieure du couvercle 11 , vers l’exrérieur de la cuve selon la direction d’épaisseur E de la cuve. La partie supérieure du deuxième conduit 12 comprend une première ouverture 15. Une bride de connexion 40 s’étend circonférentiellement sur le contour de la première ouverture 15. La bride de connexion 40 présente donc une section circulaire, vue dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. On comprend ici que le deuxième conduit 12 s’étend dans un volume défini par le premier conduit 2. En d’autres termes, le deuxième conduit 12 est inscrit dans le premier conduit 2. Ainsi, le contour de la première ouverture 15 est inscrit dans le contour de la première bouche 5, et le contour de la deuxième ouverture 16 est inscrit dans le contour de la deuxième bouche 6, vus dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. An upper part of the second duct 12 projects from an upper face of the cover 11, towards the exterior of the tank in the direction of thickness E of the tank. The upper part of the second duct 12 comprises a first opening 15. A connection flange 40 extends circumferentially on the contour of the first opening 15. The connection flange 40 therefore has a circular section, seen in a plane orthogonal to the direction. thickness E of the wall 1. It is understood here that the second conduit 12 extends in a volume defined by the first conduit 2. In other words, the second conduit 12 is inscribed in the first conduit 2. Thus, the outline of the first opening 15 is inscribed in the contour of the first mouth 5, and the contour of the second opening 16 is inscribed in the contour of the second mouth 6, seen in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction E of the wall 1.
D’autre part, la superficie de la première ouverture 15 est inférieure à la superficie de la première bouche 5 vues dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1 , et la superficie de la deuxième ouverture 16 est inférieure à la superficie de la deuxième bouche 6 vues dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. On the other hand, the area of the first opening 15 is less than the area of the first mouth 5 seen in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction E of the wall 1, and the area of the second opening 16 is less than the area of the second mouth 6 seen in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction E of the wall 1.
Le dispositif d’obturation 3 comprend une pluralité de renforts 41 disposés circonférentiellement contre le deuxième conduit et qui s’étendent depuis la face supérieure du couvercle 11 vers l’extérieur de la cuve selon la direction d’épaisseur E de la cuve. Les renforts 42 sont uniformément répartis autour de la partie supérieure du deuxième conduit 12. Chaque renfort 41 comprend un anneau de retrait 42 qui s’étend depuis une face supérieure du renfort 41 selon la direction verticale Z. Ces anneaux de retrait 42 permettent la manutention du dispositif d’obturation 3, par une grue par exemple. The closure device 3 comprises a plurality of reinforcements 41 disposed circumferentially against the second duct and which extend from the upper face of the cover 11 towards the outside of the vessel in the direction of thickness E of the vessel. The reinforcements 42 are uniformly distributed around the upper part of the second duct 12. Each reinforcement 41 comprises a withdrawal ring 42 which extends from an upper face of the reinforcement 41 in the vertical direction Z. These withdrawal rings 42 allow handling. of the closure device 3, by a crane for example.
Le deuxième conduit 12 comprend une partie inférieure qui s’étend depuis une face inférieure du couvercle 11 vers l’intérieur de la cuve selon l’axe vertical Z. L’extrémité libre de la partie inférieure du deuxième conduit 12 comprend une deuxième ouverture 16 débouchant sur l’intérieur de la cuve. Ainsi, le deuxième conduit 12 délimite un passage entre la première ouverture 15 et la deuxième ouverture 16. The second duct 12 comprises a lower part which extends from a lower face of the cover 11 towards the interior of the tank along the vertical axis Z. The free end of the lower part of the second duct 12 comprises a second opening 16. opening onto the inside of the tank. Thus, the second duct 12 defines a passage between the first opening 15 and the second opening 16.
Le premier bouchon 10 est agencé autour du deuxième conduit 12 et s’étend depuis la face inférieure du couvercle 11 jusqu’au voisinage d’une extrémité libre de la partie inférieure du deuxième conduit 12. Le premier bouchon 10 peut comprendre le deuxième conduit 12, en ce sens que l’extraction du premier bouchon 10 entraîne l’extraction du deuxième conduit 12. Le premier bouchon 10 esr fixé à la face inférieure du couvercle 11 rour en laissant libre la périphérie de la face inférieure pour le positionnement de la bride d’appui 30. Ainsi, quand on enlève le couvercle 11, le premier bouchon 10 esr aussi retiré. Le premier bouchon 10 présente une forme complémentaire à une face interne du premier conduit dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. Le premier bouchon 10 a par exemple une section carrée vue dans un plan orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. The first stopper 10 is arranged around the second duct 12 and extends from the lower face of the cover 11 to the vicinity of a free end of the lower part of the second duct 12. The first stopper 10 may include the second duct 12. , in that the extraction of the first plug 10 causes the extraction of the second duct 12. The first stopper 10 is fixed to the lower face of the cover 11 rour leaving the periphery of the lower face free for the positioning of the support flange 30. Thus, when the cover 11 is removed, the first stopper 10 is also removed. . The first stopper 10 has a shape complementary to an internal face of the first duct in a plane orthogonal to the direction of thickness E of the wall 1. The first stopper 10 has for example a square section seen in a plane orthogonal to the direction d 'thickness E of the wall 1.
Le premier bouchon 10 comprend un panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant 13. Le panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant 13 esr donc traversé par le deuxième conduit 12. Une face inférieure du panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant 13 vient au voisinage de l'extrémité libre de la partie inférieure du deuxième conduit 12, vu selon la direction de l’axe vertical Z. The first plug 10 comprises a self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13. The self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13 is therefore crossed by the second duct 12. A lower face of the self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13 comes in the vicinity of the free end of the lower part of the second. duct 12, seen in the direction of the vertical axis Z.
Le panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant 13 comprend un bloc rhermiquemenr isolant de polyuréthane rigide et un panneau de contreplaqué de bois sur lequel repose le bloc de polyuréthane rigide. Dans un mode de réalisation non représenté, le panneau de contreplaqué de bois peur erre remplacer par un panneau de composite ou un panneau métallique, par exemple en acier inox ou en aluminium. Dans un mode non représenté, le bloc rhermiquemenr isolant de polyuréthane rigide esr pris en sandwich entre deux panneaux de contreplaqué de bois. The self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13 comprises a thermally insulating block of rigid polyurethane and a panel of wood plywood on which the block of rigid polyurethane rests. In an embodiment not shown, the plywood panel of wood can be replaced by a composite panel or a metal panel, for example made of stainless steel or aluminum. In one embodiment not shown, the rigid polyurethane insulating rhermiquemenr block is sandwiched between two wood plywood panels.
Alternativement, dans un mode de réalisation non représenté, le panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant 13 comporte une boire formée de panneaux de contreplaqué de bois, de panneaux de composite ou de panneaux métalliques, par exemple en acier ou en aluminium, et remplie d’une laine minérale, par exemple une laine de verre et/ou une laine de roche. Alternatively, in an embodiment not shown, the self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13 comprises a drink formed from plywood panels of wood, composite panels or metal panels, for example made of steel or aluminum, and filled with a wool. mineral, for example glass wool and / or rock wool.
Le premier bouchon 10 comprend un adhésif disposé entre le panneau autoporteur thermiquement isolant 13 et la face inférieure du couvercle 11. L’adhésif permet le réglage dans selon l’axe vertical Z et la fixation du panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant 13 au couvercle 11. L’adhésif peur erre par exemple un mastic. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 1 à 3, le premier bouchon 10 comprend aussi une laine minérale 14, par exemple une laine de verre et/ou une laine de roche, disposé entre le deuxième conduit 12 et le panneau autoporteur thermiquement isolant 13. La laine minérale 14 permet de s’assurer que la continuité de l’isolation thermique est maintenue entre le deuxième conduit 12 et le panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant 13. The first stopper 10 comprises an adhesive placed between the thermally insulating self-supporting panel 13 and the underside of the cover 11. The adhesive allows the adjustment in the vertical axis Z and the fixing of the self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13 to the cover 11. L adhesive scared for example wanders a putty. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, the first plug 10 also comprises a mineral wool 14, for example a glass wool and / or a rock wool, arranged between the second duct 12 and the thermally insulating self-supporting panel 13. The mineral wool 14 makes it possible to ensure that the continuity of the thermal insulation is maintained between the second duct 12 and the self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13.
En référence aux figures 1 à 3, le dispositif d’obturation 3 comporte par ailleurs une trappe 4 pour fermer la première ouverture 15 du deuxième conduit 2 et donc fermer la percée 17 du couvercle 11. La trappe 4 s’étend dans un plan d’extension orthogonal à l’axe vertical Z tel que défini auparavant, c’est-à-dire perpendiculaire à la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. Le plan d’extension de la trappe 4 est parallèle et distinct du plan d’extension du couvercle 11. Referring to Figures 1 to 3, the closure device 3 further comprises a hatch 4 to close the first opening 15 of the second duct 2 and therefore close the opening 17 of the cover 11. The hatch 4 extends in a plane d 'extension orthogonal to the vertical axis Z as defined previously, that is to say perpendicular to the thickness direction E of the wall 1. The extension plane of the hatch 4 is parallel and distinct from the plane d cover extension 11.
Sur une face supérieure de la trappe 4 sont disposés quatre croisillons 50, tel que cela est visible sur la figure 1. Les croisillons 50 servent à augmenter la rigidité de la trappe 4 et ainsi empêcher le gonflement de la trappe 4 et la maintenir plane. On an upper face of the hatch 4 are arranged four braces 50, as can be seen in FIG. 1. The braces 50 serve to increase the rigidity of the hatch 4 and thus prevent the swelling of the hatch 4 and keep it flat.
Un croisillon sur deux comprend un anneau de relevage 51. Les anneaux de relevage 51 s’étendent depuis une face supérieure des croisillons 50 vers l’exrérieur de la cuve selon l’axe vertical Z. Ces anneaux de relevage 51 permette de manutentionner la trappe 4, avec une grue par exemple. Every second spider comprises a lifting ring 51. The lifting rings 51 extend from an upper face of the crosses 50 towards the outside of the tank along the vertical axis Z. These lifting rings 51 allow the hatch to be handled. 4, with a crane for example.
Une face inférieure de la trappe 4, opposée à la face supérieure de la trappe 4, coopère avec la bride de connexion 40 pour fermer la première ouverture 15 du deuxième conduit 12. La trappe 4 peur erre liée mécaniquement au couvercle 11 et/ou venir se poser sur le couvercle 11. A lower face of the hatch 4, opposite the upper face of the hatch 4, cooperates with the connection flange 40 to close the first opening 15 of the second duct 12. The hatch 4 can wander mechanically linked to the cover 11 and / or come. land on the cover 11.
En référence aux figures 1 à 3, le dispositif d’obturation 3 comprend aussi un deuxième bouchon 20. Le deuxième bouchon 20 présente une forme complémentaire à la face interne du deuxième conduit 12. Le deuxième bouchon 20 est donc un cylindre droit de section circulaire, dans l’exemple illustré sur les figures, et cette section peur par exemple erre égale à 8100cm2. Le deuxième bouchon 20 est solidaire de la face inférieure de la trappe 4. La périphérie de la face inférieure de la trappe 4 est laissée libre pour la bride de connexion 40. Ainsi, lorsque la trappe 4 est retirée de la paroi 1, le deuxième bouchon 20 l’est aussi. Referring to Figures 1 to 3, the closure device 3 also comprises a second plug 20. The second plug 20 has a shape complementary to the internal face of the second duct 12. The second plug 20 is therefore a right cylinder of circular section. , in the example illustrated in the figures, and this fear section for example wanders equal to 8100cm 2 . The second plug 20 is integral with the lower face of the hatch 4. The periphery of the lower face of the hatch 4 is left free for the connection flange 40. Thus, when the hatch 4 is removed from the wall 1, the second cap 20 is also.
Comme le montrent les figures 2 et 3, le deuxième bouchon 20 comprend un logement 24. Le logement 24 est délimité selon l’axe vertical Z par la trappe 4 et par une plaque de contreplaquée de bois 22 reliée à la trappe 4 par une pluralité de tiges 23, notamment quatre tiges 23. La plaque de contreplaqué de bois 22 présente une section circulaire vue dans un plan orthogonal à l’axe verticale Z. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the second plug 20 comprises a housing 24. The housing 24 is delimited along the vertical axis Z by the hatch 4 and by a plywood plate 22 connected to the hatch 4 by a plurality. of rods 23, in particular four rods 23. The plywood plate 22 has a circular section seen in a plane orthogonal to the vertical axis Z.
Dans un mode de réalisation non représenté, la plaque de contreplaquée de bois 22 peut être remplacée par une plaque de composite ou par une plaque métallique, par exemple en acier inox ou en aluminium. In an embodiment not shown, the plywood plate 22 can be replaced by a composite plate or by a metal plate, for example made of stainless steel or aluminum.
Un matériau thermiquement isolant 25 est disposé dans le logement 24. Le matériau thermiquement isolant 25 comprend une mousse en polyuréthane. Cette mousse en polyuréthane peut être renforcée par des fibres de verre. Alternativement, le matériau thermiquement isolant 25 peut comprendre une laine minérale, par exemple une laine de verre et/ou une laine de roche. A thermally insulating material 25 is disposed in the housing 24. The thermally insulating material 25 comprises a polyurethane foam. This polyurethane foam can be reinforced with glass fibers. Alternatively, the thermally insulating material 25 may comprise mineral wool, for example glass wool and / or rock wool.
En référence à la figure 2, le premier conduit 2 est fermée par le couvercle 11. La périphérie de la face inférieure du couvercle 11 est agencée sur la bride d’appui 30. Afin de maintenir le couvercle 11 sur la bride d’appui 30, des boulons (non représentés) sont disposés sur le pourtour de la bride d’appui 30 pour maintenir par serrage le couvercle 11 contre cette bride d’appui 30. Referring to Figure 2, the first duct 2 is closed by the cover 11. The periphery of the underside of the cover 11 is arranged on the support flange 30. In order to hold the cover 11 on the support flange 30 , bolts (not shown) are arranged around the periphery of the support flange 30 to hold the cover 11 by clamping against this support flange 30.
Le premier bouchon 10 étant solidaire du couvercle 11 , le premier bouchon 10 est agencé dans le premier conduit 2 et l’obstrue. Le premier bouchon 10 s’étend depuis la face inférieure du couvercle 11 jusqu’à la deuxième bouche 6 du premier conduit 2. De plus, le premier bouchon 10 s’étend radialement depuis la face interne du premier conduit 2 jusqu’au deuxième conduit 12 et entoure le deuxième conduit 12. Autrement dit, le premier bouchon 10, via le panneau autoporteur thermiquement isolant 13, est en contact avec la face interne du premier conduit 2. Il n’y a donc pas d’espace entre la face interne du premier conduit 2 et le panneau autoporteur thermiquement isolant 13 du premier bouchon 10. The first stopper 10 being integral with the cover 11, the first stopper 10 is arranged in the first duct 2 and obstructs it. The first stopper 10 extends from the underside of the cover 11 to the second mouth 6 of the first duct 2. In addition, the first stopper 10 extends radially from the internal face of the first duct 2 to the second duct. 12 and surrounds the second duct 12. In other words, the first plug 10, via the thermally insulating self-supporting panel 13, is in contact with the internal face of the first duct 2. There is therefore no space between the internal face of the first duct 2 and the thermally insulating self-supporting panel 13 of the first plug 10.
La partie de la membrane étanche 8 en regard du premier bouchon 10 est rendue solidaire d’une face inférieure du panneau autoporteur thermiquement isolant 13 du premier bouchon 10. La partie 61 de la membrane étanche 8 est alors en vis-à-vis de partie inférieure du deuxième conduit 12. Une partie du deuxième conduit 12 fait saillie à l’intérieur de la cuve par rapport à la partie 61 de membrane, le long de l’axe vertical Z, et cette partie 61 de membrane est rendue solidaire du deuxième conduit 12, par exemple au moyen d’une cornière rapportée. The part of the waterproof membrane 8 facing the first plug 10 is made integral with a lower face of the thermally insulating self-supporting panel 13 of the first plug 10. The part 61 of the waterproof membrane 8 is then opposite the part. lower part of the second duct 12. A part of the second duct 12 protrudes inside the tank relative to the membrane part 61, along the vertical axis Z, and this membrane part 61 is made integral with the second conduit 12, for example by means of an attached angle.
Pour fermer le deuxième conduit 12, la périphérie de la face inférieure de la trappe 4 est disposée sur la bride de connexion 40. Le verrouillage de la trappe 4 avec la bride de connexion 40 est faite par des boulons (non représentés) qui maintiennent en appui la trappe 4 contre la bride de connexion 40. To close the second duct 12, the periphery of the lower face of the hatch 4 is arranged on the connection flange 40. The locking of the hatch 4 with the connection flange 40 is made by bolts (not shown) which hold in place. rest the hatch 4 against the connection flange 40.
Comme représenté sur la figure 2, le deuxième bouchon 20 s’étend à l’intérieur du deuxième conduit 12. Ainsi, la plaque de contreplaqué de bois ou métallique 22 affleure la deuxième ouverture 16 du deuxième conduit 12. Par voie de conséquence, le matériau thermiquement isolant 25 s’étend sur toute la longueur de la partie inférieure du deuxième conduit 12 mesurée le long de la direction d’épaisseur E de la paroi 1. Le deuxième bouchon 20 est donc séparé du premier bouchon 10 par le deuxième conduit 12. As shown in Figure 2, the second plug 20 extends inside the second duct 12. Thus, the plywood plate of wood or metal 22 is flush with the second opening 16 of the second duct 12. As a consequence, the thermally insulating material 25 extends over the entire length of the lower part of the second duct 12 measured along the thickness direction E of the wall 1. The second stopper 20 is therefore separated from the first stopper 10 by the second duct 12 .
La référence 60 des figures 2 et 3 désigne la ligne de coupe de la membrane étanche 8 que l’on doit suivre pour couper la membrane étanche 8 en vue d’extraire le premier bouchon 10, dans l’hypothèse où les pièces à introduire sont trop volumineuses pour passer par le deuxième conduit 12. Cette marque est visible lorsqu’une partie 61 de la membrane étanche 8 est ressoudée au reste de la membrane étanche 8, lors de la fermeture du premier conduit 2 après avoir repositionné le couvercle 11 accompagné du premier bouchon 10. Reference 60 in FIGS. 2 and 3 denotes the cutting line of the waterproof membrane 8 which must be followed in order to cut the waterproof membrane 8 in order to extract the first plug 10, on the assumption that the parts to be introduced are too large to pass through the second duct 12. This mark is visible when a part 61 of the waterproof membrane 8 is welded to the rest of the waterproof membrane 8, when the first duct 2 is closed after having repositioned the cover 11 accompanied by the first plug 10.
La technique décrite ci-dessus pour réaliser une cuve présentant une seule membrane étanche peut être utilisées dans différents types de réservoirs, par exemple pour constituer une cuve à double membrane pour gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) dans une installation terrestre ou dans un dispositif flottant tel qu’un navire méthanier ou autre. La cuve qui utilise la paroi de l’invention peut donc être destinée au transport du fluide cryogénique. De manière alternative ou complémentaire, cette cuve selon l’invention peut également être un réservoir contenant le fluide cryogénique utilisé en tant que carburant pour une installation du navire. The technique described above for making a tank having a single waterproof membrane can be used in different types of tanks, for example for constitute a double membrane tank for liquefied natural gas (LNG) in an onshore installation or in a floating device such as an LNG vessel or other. The vessel which uses the wall of the invention can therefore be intended for transporting cryogenic fluid. In an alternative or complementary manner, this tank according to the invention can also be a tank containing the cryogenic fluid used as fuel for an installation of the ship.
On peut considérer que la membrane étanche 7 illustrée sur les figures 1 à 3 est une membrane étanche primaire, que la barrière thermiquement isolante 8 est une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire, et qu’une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire et une membrane étanche secondaire peuvent être ajoutées entre la paroi de la structure porteuse et la barrière isolante primaire. La membrane étanche secondaire repose contre la barrière isolante secondaire, la barrière isolante primaire repose contre la membrane étanche secondaire et la membrane étanche primaire repose contre la barrière isolante primaire. La membrane étanche primaire 8 comporte des ondulations et est donc une membrane étanche ondulée. It can be considered that the waterproof membrane 7 illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 is a primary waterproof membrane, that the thermally insulating barrier 8 is a primary thermally insulating barrier, and that a secondary thermally insulating barrier and a secondary waterproof membrane can be added. between the wall of the supporting structure and the primary insulating barrier. The secondary waterproof membrane rests against the secondary insulating barrier, the primary insulating barrier rests against the secondary waterproof membrane and the primary waterproof membrane rests against the primary insulating barrier. The primary waterproof membrane 8 has corrugations and is therefore a corrugated waterproof membrane.
Par conséquent, cette technique peut également être appliquée aux cuves présentant une pluralité de barrières thermiquement isolantes et de membranes étanches superposées.Therefore, this technique can also be applied to tanks having a plurality of thermally insulating barriers and superimposed waterproof membranes.
Selon les dimensions de la trappe 4, elle peut aussi être appelée trou d’homme. Selon les dimensions du premier conduit 2, il peut aussi être appelée trou de matériel. Depending on the dimensions of the hatch 4, it may also be called a manhole. Depending on the dimensions of the first duct 2, it may also be referred to as a hardware hole.
Outre le Gaz de Pétrole, le gaz liquéfié peut être le Gaz Naturel Liquéfié, l’éthane liquide, le propane liquide, l’argon liquide, ammoniac liquide, et l’hydrogène liquide. Ces fluides sont des fluides cryogéniques. Besides Petroleum Gas, liquefied gas can be Liquefied Natural Gas, liquid ethane, liquid propane, liquid argon, liquid ammonia, and liquid hydrogen. These fluids are cryogenic fluids.
On va maintenant décrire une méthode pour accéder à l’intérieur d’une cuve vidée de son contenu et comprenant une paroi supérieure construite selon le mode de réalisation décrit et illustré sur les figures 1 à 3. La méthode peut requérir le dévissage des boulons (non représentés) maintenant la trappe 4 à la bride de connexion 40. Ensuite, une grue permet de soulever la trappe 4 par ses anneaux de relevage 51. Etant donné que la trappe 4 et le deuxième bouchon 20 sont solidaires, le retrait de la trappe 4 permet d’enlever le deuxième bouchon 20, libérant ainsi le passage formé par le deuxième conduit 12. Cela permet donc d’accéder à l'intérieur de la cuve depuis l’extérieur de la cuve. On peur ainsi faire passer du périr matériel, une pompe de déchargement ou réaliser des opérations de maintenance par un humain. We will now describe a method for accessing the interior of a tank emptied of its contents and comprising an upper wall constructed according to the embodiment described and illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. The method may require unscrewing the bolts ( not shown) maintaining the hatch 4 to the connection flange 40. Then, a crane allows the hatch 4 to be lifted by its lifting rings 51. Since the hatch 4 and the second plug 20 are integral, the removal of the hatch 4 allows the second plug 20 to be removed, thus freeing the passage formed by the second duct 12. This therefore allows access to the inside of the tank from the outside of the tank. We fear thus passing the perishing of material, an unloading pump or carrying out maintenance operations by a human.
Pour refermer le deuxième conduit 12, la trappe 4 et le deuxième bouchon 20 sont replacés dans leur position initiale en utilisant la grue et les boulons revissés afin de maintenir la trappe 4 fixée à la bride de connexion 40. To close the second duct 12, the hatch 4 and the second plug 20 are replaced in their initial position using the crane and the bolts screwed in to keep the hatch 4 fixed to the connection flange 40.
Si on veut faire passer du plus gros matériel, par exemple pour changer une pièce constitutive de la membrane étanche primaire ou secondaire à l'intérieur de la cuve, la méthode peur comprendre une étape de séparation de la membrane étanche 8 pour la désolidariser de la plaque de contreplaqué de bois du panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant 13 du premier bouchon 10. Cette étape consiste en une découpe de la partie 61 de la membrane étanche 8 au niveau de la ligne de coupe 60 et une séparation de cette partie 61 par rapport à l'extrémité libre du deuxième conduit 12 qui débouche dans le volume intérieur de la cuve. If we want to pass larger material, for example to change a component part of the primary or secondary waterproof membrane inside the tank, the method can include a step of separating the waterproof membrane 8 to separate it from the tank. plywood plate of wood of the self-supporting thermally insulating panel 13 of the first plug 10. This step consists of cutting part 61 of the waterproof membrane 8 at the level of the cut line 60 and separating this part 61 from the 'free end of the second duct 12 which opens into the interior volume of the tank.
Cette étape est suivie ou précédée du dévissage des boulons (non représenté) maintenant le couvercle 11 du dispositif d’obturation 3 à la bride d’appui 30. La grue permet alors de soulever le couvercle 11 par ses anneaux de retrait 41. Etant donné que le couvercle 11 et le premier bouchon 10 sont solidaires, le retrait du couvercle 11 permet d’enlever le premier bouchon 10 et donc le dispositif d’obturation dans son ensemble. Ainsi, le premier conduit 2 de la paroi 1 est totalement dégagé et rend possible l'introduction ou l'extraction de pièces massives constitutives de la membrane étanche 7. This step is followed or preceded by unscrewing the bolts (not shown) holding the cover 11 of the closure device 3 to the support flange 30. The crane then makes it possible to lift the cover 11 by its withdrawal rings 41. Given that that the cover 11 and the first stopper 10 are integral, the removal of the cover 11 makes it possible to remove the first stopper 10 and therefore the closure device as a whole. Thus, the first duct 2 of the wall 1 is completely free and makes it possible to introduce or extract the solid parts constituting the waterproof membrane 7.
Pour refermer le premier conduit 2 lorsque les opérations effectuées à l'intérieur de la cuve sont terminées, le dispositif d’obturation 3 est remis dans le premier conduit 2 avec le couvercle 11 reposant sur la bride d’appui 30. Des boulons sont utilisés pour verrouiller le couvercle 11 à la bride d’appui 30. Ensuite, la partie 61 de la membrane étanche 8 est resoudée au reste de la membrane étanche 8. Alternativement, il est possible d'utiliser une plaque de fermeture formant pièce de réparation similaire à la partie 61 de membrane étanche 61. Dans un mode de réalisation non représenté, la plaque de fermeture peur erre composée de plusieurs morceaux préassemblés ou assemblés une fois introduits dans la cuve. To close the first duct 2 when the operations carried out inside the tank are finished, the closure device 3 is put back into the first duct 2 with the cover 11 resting on the support flange 30. Bolts are used. to lock the cover 11 to the support flange 30. Then, the part 61 of the waterproof membrane 8 is re-welded to the rest of the waterproof membrane 8. Alternatively, it is possible to use a closing plate forming a similar repair part to the part 61 of the waterproof membrane 61. In an embodiment not shown, the Wandering closure plate made up of several pieces pre-assembled or assembled once introduced into the tank.
Enfin, la trappe 4 accompagnée du deuxième bouchon 20 est positionnée sur la bride de connexion 40 et fixée à celle-ci par avec des boulons. La paroi objet de la présente invention n’est nullement limitée par les formes, par les dimensions ou par les emplacements décrits. Il est bien évident que la paroi peur erre par exemple une paroi latérale de cuve ou une paroi transversale de cuve. Finally, the hatch 4 accompanied by the second plug 20 is positioned on the connection flange 40 and fixed thereto by with bolts. The wall which is the subject of the present invention is in no way limited by the shapes, the dimensions or the locations described. It is obvious that the scared wall, for example, wanders a side wall of a tank or a transverse wall of a tank.
Bien sûr, l’invenrion n’est pas limitée aux exemples qui viennent d’êrre décrits et de nombreux aménagements peuvent erre apportés à ces exemples sans sortir du cadre de l’invenrion. Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples just described, and many adjustments can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1- Paroi (1) d’une cuve de stockage et/ou de transport d’un gaz liquéfié, comprenant un conduit (2) traversant la paroi (1) selon une direction d’épaisseur (E) de la paroi (1), un dispositif d’obturation (3) configuré pour fermer le conduit (2), le dispositif d’obturation (3) comprenant au moins une trappe (4) configurée pour donner accès à un intérieur de la cuve, ledit conduit (2) comprenant une première bouche (5) configurée pour déboucher sur un environnemenr extérieur de la cuve et une deuxième bouche (6) configurée pour déboucher sur l'intérieur de la cuve, ledit dispositif d’obturation (3) comprenant un couvercle (11) qui ferme la première bouche (6), le couvercle (11) présentant une percée (17) donnant accès à l’inrérieur de la cuve et la trappe (4) étant configurée pour fermer ladite percée (17). 1- Wall (1) of a tank for storing and / or transporting a liquefied gas, comprising a duct (2) passing through the wall (1) in a direction of thickness (E) of the wall (1) , a closure device (3) configured to close the duct (2), the closure device (3) comprising at least one hatch (4) configured to give access to an interior of the tank, said duct (2) comprising a first mouth (5) configured to open onto an external environment of the tank and a second mouth (6) configured to open onto the inside of the tank, said closure device (3) comprising a cover (11) which closes the first mouth (6), the cover (11) having an opening (17) giving access to the interior of the tank and the hatch (4) being configured to close said opening (17).
2 Paroi (1) selon la revendication précédente, dans laquelle le couvercle (11) et la trappe (4) s’étendent chacun dans un plan distinct. 2 wall (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the cover (11) and the hatch (4) each extend in a separate plane.
3- Paroi (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le conduit (2) est un premier conduit et le dispositif d’obturation (3) comprend un premier bouchon (10) qui s’étend au moins en partie dans l’épaisseur de la paroi (1) et adjacent à une face interne du premier conduit (2), et un deuxième bouchon (20) qui s’étend au moins en partie dans l’épaisseur de la paroi (1) et à l’inrérieur du premier conduit (2), le premier bouchon (10) et le deuxième bouchon (20) étant séparés par un deuxième conduit (12). 3- wall (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the conduit (2) is a first conduit and the sealing device (3) comprises a first plug (10) which extends at least in part in the thickness of the wall (1) and adjacent to an internal face of the first duct (2), and a second plug (20) which extends at least partly in the thickness of the wall (1) and to the interior of the first duct (2), the first stopper (10) and the second stopper (20) being separated by a second duct (12).
4 Paroi (1) selon la revendication précédente, dans laquelle au moins une partie du deuxième bouchon (20) présente une forme complémentaire à une face interne du deuxième conduit (12). 4 wall (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein at least part of the second plug (20) has a shape complementary to an internal face of the second duct (12).
5- Paroi (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 3 à 4, dans laquelle le deuxième bouchon (20) et la trappe (4) sont solidaires. 5- wall (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 4, wherein the second plug (20) and the hatch (4) are integral.
6- Paroi (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, dans laquelle le deuxième bouchon (20) comprend un matériau rhermiquemenr isolant (25) qui s’étend dans le deuxième conduit (12) sur une longueur, mesurée le long de la direction d’épaisseur (E) de la paroi (1), au plus identique à une longueur du deuxième conduit, mesurée dans la direction d’épaisseur (E) de la paroi (1). 6- wall (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the second plug (20) comprises a rhermiquemenr insulating material (25) which extends in the second duct (12) over a length, measured along the direction of thickness (E) of the wall (1), at most identical to a length of the second duct, measured in the direction of thickness (E) of the wall (1).
7- Paroi (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, dans laquelle au moins une partie du premier bouchon (10) présente une forme complémentaire à une face interne du conduit (2). 7. Wall (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein at least part of the first plug (10) has a shape complementary to an internal face of the duct (2).
8- Paroi (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, dans laquelle le premier bouchon (10) et le couvercle (11) sont solidaires. 8- wall (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the first plug (10) and the cover (11) are integral.
9 Paroi (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 3 à 8, dans laquelle le premier bouchon (10) comprend au moins un panneau autoporteur rhermiquemenr isolant (13) disposé autour du deuxième conduit (12). 9 wall (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein the first plug (10) comprises at least one self-supporting rhermiquemenr insulating panel (13) disposed around the second conduit (12).
10- Paroi (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 3 à 9, dans laquelle le couvercle (11) et le deuxième conduit (12) sont solidairement reliés l’un à l’aurre. 10. Wall (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the cover (11) and the second duct (12) are integrally connected to one another.
11- Parois (1) selon l’une des revendications 3 à 10, dans laquelle le deuxième conduit (12) traverse le couvercle (11) par la percée (17) dudit couvercle (11). 11. Walls (1) according to one of claims 3 to 10, wherein the second duct (12) passes through the cover (11) through the opening (17) of said cover (11).
12 Paroi (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 3 à 11, dans laquelle une partie supérieure du deuxième conduit (12) fait saillie depuis le couvercle (11) vers l’exrérieur de la cuve, selon la direction d’épaisseur (E) de la paroi (1). 12 wall (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 11, wherein an upper part of the second duct (12) projects from the cover (11) towards the outside of the tank, in the thickness direction ( E) of the wall (1).
13 Paroi (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la paroi (1) comprend, dans la direction de son épaisseur, au moins une barrière rhermiquemenr isolante (7) et au moins une membrane étanche (8) destinée à erre en contact avec le gaz liquéfié présent à l’intérieur de la cuve, la membrane étanche (8) étant en regard au moins partiellement du conduit (2) dans la direction d’épaisseur (E) de la paroi (1). 13 Wall (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall (1) comprises, in the direction of its thickness, at least one thermally insulating barrier (7) and at least one waterproof membrane (8) intended for wanders in contact with the liquefied gas present inside the tank, the sealed membrane (8) being at least partially opposite the duct (2) in the thickness direction (E) of the wall (1).
14 Cuve de stockage et/ou de transport d’un gaz liquéfié comprenant au moins une paroi (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes. 14 Storage and / or transport tank for a liquefied gas comprising at least one wall (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.
15 Méthode pour accéder à l’inrérieur d’une cuve de stockage et/ou de transport d’un gaz liquéfié comprenant au moins une paroi (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes 3 à 12 en combinaison avec la revendication 13, comprenant une étape de retrait du deuxième bouchon (20) de manière à accéder à l'intérieur de la cuve, une étape de découpage d’une partie de la membrane étanche (8) autour du dispositif d’obturation (3) et une étape de retrait du dispositif d’obturation (3). Method for accessing the interior of a tank for storing and / or transporting a liquefied gas comprising at least one wall (1) according to any one of the following: preceding claims 3 to 12 in combination with claim 13, comprising a step of removing the second plug (20) so as to access the interior of the tank, a step of cutting a part of the waterproof membrane (8) around the closure device (3) and a step of removing the closure device (3).
PCT/FR2021/050053 2020-01-13 2021-01-13 Double access hatch for a liquefied-gas transport tank WO2021144531A1 (en)

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