WO2021134288A1 - 电源提供装置及充电控制方法 - Google Patents

电源提供装置及充电控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021134288A1
WO2021134288A1 PCT/CN2019/130089 CN2019130089W WO2021134288A1 WO 2021134288 A1 WO2021134288 A1 WO 2021134288A1 CN 2019130089 W CN2019130089 W CN 2019130089W WO 2021134288 A1 WO2021134288 A1 WO 2021134288A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
output
voltage
output voltage
unit
conversion circuit
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2019/130089
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
田晨
周瑶
张加亮
Original Assignee
Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
南京博兰得电子科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Oppo广东移动通信有限公司, 南京博兰得电子科技有限公司 filed Critical Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority to EP19958177.8A priority Critical patent/EP4068565A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/130089 priority patent/WO2021134288A1/zh
Priority to CN201980102234.8A priority patent/CN114902521A/zh
Publication of WO2021134288A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021134288A1/zh
Priority to US17/842,046 priority patent/US12021455B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33571—Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of charging technology, and in particular, to a power supply device and a charging control method.
  • Devices to be charged for example, smart phones, mobile terminals, or smart devices
  • the devices to be charged consume a lot of power and need to be charged frequently.
  • power supply devices such as power adapters
  • power adapters are large in size, inconvenient to carry around, and have poor user experience.
  • the present disclosure provides a power supply device and a charging control method, which can realize a small-volume power supply device.
  • a power supply device including: a first-stage conversion circuit for converting a received AC voltage into a pulsating DC voltage, the voltage value of the pulsating DC voltage is higher than that of the AC voltage Voltage value; and a second-stage conversion circuit, connected to the first-stage conversion circuit, for converting the pulsating DC voltage and outputting a constant DC voltage.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit includes at least one filter capacitor, and the capacity of the filter capacitor is less than a preset value.
  • the second-stage conversion circuit includes a first switch unit and a transformer unit
  • the power supply device further includes: a first detection unit connected to the transformer unit for detecting The output voltage and/or current of the transformation unit; and a control unit, respectively connected to the detection unit and the first switch unit, and configured to perform according to the output voltage and/or current detected by the first detection unit
  • the first switch unit is controlled to be turned on or off, and the output voltage of the transformation unit is adjusted, thereby adjusting the voltage value of the constant DC voltage.
  • the control signal includes: a pulse width modulation PWM signal and a pulse frequency modulation PFM signal; the control unit is used to detect the output voltage value and/or current value according to the first detection unit , Output the PWM signal or the PFM signal to adjust the output voltage of the transformer unit.
  • control unit is configured to output the PWM signal or the PFM signal according to the output gain to adjust the output voltage of the transformer unit, wherein the output gain is the variable The ratio of the output voltage of the voltage unit to the input voltage of the voltage transformation unit, or the output gain is the ratio of the output voltage of the second-stage conversion circuit to the output voltage of the first-stage conversion circuit.
  • control unit is configured to output the PWM signal to adjust the output voltage of the transformer unit in the first charging stage; and to output the PFM signal in the second charging stage to Adjusting the output voltage of the transformation unit; wherein the output voltage of the power supply device in the first charging stage is lower than the output voltage in the second charging stage.
  • control unit is configured to: when the output voltage of the transformation unit is less than a preset first voltage threshold, and/or the output current of the transformation unit is less than a preset first current Threshold, output the PWM signal to adjust the output voltage of the transformation unit; when the output voltage of the transformation unit is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold, and/or the output current of the transformation unit When it is greater than or equal to the first current threshold, output the PFM signal to adjust the output voltage of the transformer unit.
  • the second-stage conversion circuit includes a first switch unit and a voltage conversion unit;
  • the power supply device further includes: a first detection unit for detecting the output voltage and the output voltage of the power supply device / Or current; and a control unit, respectively connected to the first detection unit and the first switch unit, for outputting a control signal according to the output voltage value and/or current value detected by the first detection unit , Controlling the first switching unit to be turned on or off, and adjusting the output voltage of the transformation unit, thereby adjusting the voltage value of the constant DC voltage.
  • control unit is further configured to receive feedback information of the equipment to be charged connected to the power supply device, and according to the feedback information, control the control signal of the first switch unit to Adjust the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device.
  • the feedback information includes: the charging voltage and/or charging current expected by the device to be charged, or an adjustment command generated by the device to be charged based on the expected charging voltage and/or charging current .
  • the first-stage conversion circuit includes: a second switch unit; the power supply device further includes: a second detection unit, respectively connected to the first-stage conversion circuit and the control unit , Used to detect the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit; the control unit is also used to output a second control signal according to the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit, The turn-on or turn-off of the second switch unit is controlled to adjust the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit.
  • the second control signal includes: a PWM signal and a PFM signal; the control unit is configured to output the PWM signal according to the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit Or the PFM signal is used to adjust the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit, so that the output voltage of the first-stage conversion circuit is equal to a preset reference voltage.
  • the capacitor is at least one of the following capacitors: a film capacitor, a multilayer ceramic capacitor, a chip capacitor or an electrolytic capacitor.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit includes: a totem pole boost circuit.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit includes: a rectifier circuit and a boost circuit.
  • the second-stage conversion circuit includes an LLC resonant converter.
  • a charging control method applied to a power supply device including: converting a received AC voltage into a pulsating DC voltage through a first-stage conversion circuit, and the pulsating DC voltage has a high voltage value The voltage value of the AC voltage; and the pulsating DC voltage is converted by a second-stage conversion circuit to output a constant DC voltage.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit includes at least one filter capacitor, and the capacity of the filter capacitor is less than a preset value.
  • the method further includes: detecting the output voltage and/or output current of the transformation unit in the second-stage transformation circuit; according to the output voltage and/or output current of the transformation unit , By outputting a control signal, controlling the on or off of the first switch unit in the second-stage conversion circuit, and adjusting the output voltage of the voltage conversion unit, thereby adjusting the voltage value of the constant DC voltage.
  • the control signal includes: a PWM signal and a PFM signal; according to the output voltage and/or output current of the transformation unit, the output control signal is used to control the second stage transformation circuit
  • the turning on or off of the first switch unit to adjust the output voltage of the transformation unit includes: outputting the PWM signal or the PFM signal according to the output voltage value and/or current value of the transformation unit, To adjust the output voltage of the transformation unit.
  • outputting the PWM signal or the PFM signal according to the output voltage value and/or current value of the transformation unit to adjust the output voltage of the transformation unit includes: Gain, output the PWM signal or the PFM signal to adjust the output voltage of the transformation unit; wherein, the output gain is the ratio of the output voltage of the transformation unit to the input voltage of the transformation unit Or, the output gain is the ratio of the output voltage of the second-stage conversion circuit to the output voltage of the first-stage conversion circuit.
  • outputting the PWM signal or the PFM signal according to the output voltage value and/or current value of the transformation unit to adjust the output voltage of the transformation unit includes: In a charging phase, output the PWM signal to adjust the output voltage of the transformer unit; and in the second charging phase, output the PFM signal to adjust the output voltage of the transformer unit; wherein, the power supply The output voltage of the providing device in the first charging stage is lower than the output voltage in the second charging stage.
  • outputting the PWM signal or the PFM signal according to the output voltage value and/or current value of the transformation unit to adjust the output voltage of the transformation unit includes: When the output voltage of the transformer unit is less than the preset first voltage threshold, and/or the output current of the transformer unit is less than the preset first current threshold, the PWM signal is output to adjust the transformer unit When the output voltage of the transformation unit is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold, and/or the output current of the transformation unit is greater than or equal to the first current threshold, output the PFM signal , To adjust the output voltage of the transformation unit.
  • the method further includes: detecting the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device; according to the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device, controlling by outputting a control signal
  • the on or off of the first switch unit in the second-level conversion circuit adjusts the output voltage of the voltage-transformation unit in the second-level conversion circuit, thereby adjusting the voltage value of the constant DC voltage.
  • the method further includes: receiving feedback information of the equipment to be charged connected to the power supply device; and controlling the control signal of the first switch unit according to the feedback information to adjust The output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device.
  • the feedback information includes: the charging voltage and/or charging current expected by the device to be charged, or an adjustment command generated by the device to be charged based on the expected charging voltage and/or charging current .
  • the method further includes: detecting the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit; and outputting according to the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit
  • the second control signal controls the on or off of the second switch unit in the first-stage conversion circuit to adjust the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit.
  • the second control signal includes: a PWM signal and a PFM signal; according to the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit, a second control signal is output to control the second Turning on or off the switch unit to adjust the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit includes: outputting a PWM signal or output current according to the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit
  • the PFM signal is used to adjust the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit, so that the output voltage of the first-stage conversion circuit is equal to a preset reference voltage.
  • the power supply device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts a two-stage structure composed of a first-stage conversion circuit and a second-stage conversion circuit. Because the first-stage conversion circuit boosts the input AC power, there is a variable bus voltage between the two-stage architectures, and the energy storage function can be realized through the change of the bus voltage, so there is no need to use a large capacitor as an energy storage element . Removal of large-volume electrolytic capacitors can reduce the size of the power supply device.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a power supply device in the related art according to an example.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply device according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 3A is a schematic structural diagram showing another power supply device according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 3B is a schematic diagram showing the structure of still another power supply device according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 4 is a circuit structure diagram of an LLC resonant converter according to an example.
  • Fig. 5A is a schematic diagram showing a pulsating DC voltage according to an example.
  • Fig. 5B is a schematic diagram showing a constant DC voltage according to an example.
  • Fig. 6A is a schematic structural diagram of a boost circuit according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 6B is a circuit diagram of a Boost circuit according to an example.
  • Fig. 6C is a schematic diagram showing a totem pole Boost circuit according to an example.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of still another power supply device according to an example.
  • Fig. 8 is a flowchart showing a charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 9 is a flowchart showing another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 10 is a flowchart showing yet another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 11 is a flowchart showing yet another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 12 is a flowchart showing yet another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 13 is a flowchart showing yet another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 14 is a flowchart showing still another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; they may be mechanical
  • connection can also be an electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be a communication between two components or an interaction relationship between two components.
  • connection can also be an electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be a communication between two components or an interaction relationship between two components.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • plural means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • And/or describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can indicate the existence of A alone, B alone, and both A and B.
  • the current power supply device requires a larger energy storage element to store energy, and therefore has a relatively large volume.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a power supply device in the related art according to an example.
  • the power supply device 10 includes: a rectifier unit 11, a switch unit 12, a transformer 13, a filter unit 14 and a control unit 15.
  • the rectifying unit 11 is used to rectify the received alternating current (such as the mains provided by the power grid), and output the pulsating direct current as shown by the signal S1 in the figure.
  • the switch unit 12, the transformer 13 and the filter unit further convert the pulsating direct current output from the rectifying unit 11, thereby outputting stable direct current (as indicated by the signal S4).
  • the control unit 15 samples the voltage output by the power supply device 10 and the current of the switch unit 12 respectively, and controls the switch unit 12 according to the voltage sampling signal and the current sampling signal to control the output voltage and output voltage of the power supply device 10 / Or output current.
  • the rectifier unit 11 includes a large-volume capacitor for energy storage.
  • the large-volume capacitor is usually a liquid electrolytic capacitor with a large volume. Therefore, the power supply device 10 is large in size and inconvenient to carry. Poor experience.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply device according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the power supply device 20 includes: a first-stage conversion circuit 21 and a second-stage conversion circuit 22.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit 21 may be a booster circuit, which is used to convert the received AC voltage (such as the mains received from the power grid) into a pulsating DC voltage, and the pulsating DC voltage has a higher voltage value than the AC voltage.
  • the voltage value may be a booster circuit, which is used to convert the received AC voltage (such as the mains received from the power grid) into a pulsating DC voltage, and the pulsating DC voltage has a higher voltage value than the AC voltage. The voltage value.
  • the voltage range of the pulsating direct current output from the first-stage conversion circuit 21 is, for example, between 390V and 450V.
  • the second-stage conversion circuit 22 is connected to the first-stage conversion circuit 21 for converting the pulsating DC voltage output by the first-stage conversion circuit 21 to output a constant DC voltage as the output voltage of the power supply device 20.
  • the constant DC voltage output by the second-stage conversion circuit 22 is a constant DC voltage without a pulsating waveform, but the voltage value of the constant DC voltage is not fixed and can be in different charging scenarios or charging stages. Output different voltage values.
  • the power supply device 20 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts a two-stage architecture composed of a first-stage conversion circuit and a second-stage conversion circuit. Because the first-stage conversion circuit boosts the input AC voltage, there is a variable bus voltage between the two-stage architectures, and the energy storage function can be realized through the change of the bus voltage, so there is no need to use a large capacitor as energy storage element. Removing large-volume capacitors can reduce the size of the power supply device 20.
  • liquid electrolytic capacitors usually use liquid electrolytic capacitors, and liquid electrolytic capacitors have a short service life and are prone to bursting. Removing the liquid electrolytic capacitor can also increase the service life and safety of the power supply device 20.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit 21 may further include: at least one capacitor 211 with a small filtering capability (for example, a capacitor whose capacitance is less than a preset value or the volume of the capacitor is less than a preset volume threshold) for filtering The burr of the pulsating voltage output by the first-stage conversion circuit 21 is removed to improve the quality of the output current of the power supply device 20.
  • the capacitor 211 may be, for example, a film capacitor, a multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC), a chip capacitor, or an electrolytic capacitor with a capacity smaller than the aforementioned preset value. The volume and/or capacity of the filter capacitor 211 are small, and therefore will not have a large impact on the volume of the power supply device.
  • Fig. 3A is a schematic structural diagram showing another power supply device according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the second-stage conversion circuit 22 may further include: a first switch unit 221 and a transformer 222.
  • the power supply device 30 may further include a control unit 24 and a first detection unit 25.
  • the first detection unit 25 is connected to the transformer 222 for detecting the output voltage and/or output current of the transformer 222.
  • the control unit 24 is respectively connected to the first detection unit 25 and the first switching power supply 221, and is configured to output a control signal according to the output voltage and/or output current of the transformer 222 detected by the first detection unit 25 to control the first switching unit 221 Turning on or off adjusts the output voltage of the transformer 222, thereby adjusting the voltage value of the constant DC voltage output by the power supply device 30.
  • the detected output voltage and/or output current may be a sampling signal of the output voltage and/or output current of the transformer 222.
  • the transformer 222 may couple electric energy from the primary side to the secondary side in an electromagnetic coupling manner.
  • the electric energy coupled to the secondary side can be extracted from the electric energy output by the first-stage conversion circuit 21.
  • the way of extracting energy can be controlled by the control unit 24 according to the detected output voltage and/or output current of the transformer 222.
  • the first detection unit 25 can also directly detect the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device 30.
  • the control unit 24 can output a control signal according to the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device 30, control the on or off of the first switch unit 221, and adjust the output voltage of the transformer 222, thereby adjusting the constant output of the power supply device 30.
  • the output voltage and/or output current may be a sampling signal of the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device 30.
  • the second-stage conversion circuit 22 may be implemented as an LLC resonant converter as shown in FIG. 4, for example.
  • the first switch unit 221 includes MOS transistors Q1 and Q2 before the transformer 222.
  • the first switch unit 221 chops and modulates the pulsating direct current output from the first-stage conversion circuit 21, so that the modulated voltage is transformed through the transformer 222.
  • the MOS transistors Q3 and Q4 in the LLC resonant converter shown in FIG. 4 are also controlled by the control signal sent by the control unit 24.
  • Fig. 5A is a schematic diagram showing a pulsating DC voltage according to an example.
  • a large-volume capacitor is not required, and the pulsating DC voltage output by the first-stage conversion circuit has a wider voltage range.
  • the voltage range of the pulsating DC voltage (shown by the broken line A and the broken line B in the figure) is, for example, between 390V and 450V.
  • the constant DC voltage is shown in Figure 5B.
  • the constant DC voltage output by the second-stage conversion circuit 22 is a constant DC voltage without a pulsating waveform, but the voltage value of the constant DC voltage is not fixed, and different voltage values can be output in different charging scenarios or charging stages.
  • the LLC harmonic converter shown in FIG. 4 is only an example, and does not limit the present disclosure.
  • the structure of the LLC resonant converter is well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the control unit 24 may be implemented as a micro control unit (MCU), for example.
  • the control signal output by the control unit 24 to the first switch unit 221 includes: a pulse frequency modulation (Pulse Frequency Modulation, PFM) signal and a pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) signal,
  • PFM pulse frequency modulation
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the PFM signal when the PFM signal is output, the duty cycle of the PFM signal is kept unchanged, and the PFM signal is controlled by adjusting the interval (that is, the frequency) of the PFM signal.
  • the PWM signal When the PWM signal is output, the frequency of the PWM signal is kept unchanged, and the PWM signal is controlled by adjusting the duty ratio (that is, the signal width) of the PWM signal.
  • the control unit 24 determines whether to output a PWM signal or a PFM signal according to the output voltage and/or output current of the transformer 222, or according to the output voltage and/or output current of the device 30 provided by the power supply.
  • the frequencies of Q1 and Q2 in the first switch unit 221 need to be set high, so as to ensure the output gain of the power supply device 30.
  • the output gain is the ratio of the output voltage of the power supply device 30 to the input voltage of the second-stage conversion circuit 22 (that is, the output voltage of the first-stage conversion circuit).
  • the power supply device 30 needs to work in the PWM mode (that is, output a PWM signal) to ensure the output gain of the power supply device 30.
  • the control unit 24 outputs a PWM signal, that is, it works in the PWM mode.
  • the control unit 24 When the output voltage of the transformer 222 is higher than or equal to the first voltage threshold, and/or, when the output current of the transformer 222 is higher than or equal to the first current threshold, the control unit 24 outputs a PFM signal, that is, works in the PFM mode.
  • control unit 24 may also determine which control mode to adopt according to the output voltage and/or current of the power supply device 30.
  • the control unit 24 When the output voltage of the power supply device 30 is lower than the preset first voltage threshold, and/or, when the output current of the power supply device 30 is lower than the preset first current threshold, the control unit 24 outputs a PWM signal, that is, works In PWM mode.
  • control unit 24 When the output voltage of the power supply device 30 is higher than or equal to the first voltage threshold, and/or, when the output current of the power supply device 30 is higher than or equal to the first current threshold, the control unit 24 outputs a PFM signal, that is, to work In PFM mode.
  • the above-mentioned first voltage threshold and first current threshold may be set according to the battery charging condition of the device to be charged connected to the power supply device 30.
  • the expected charging voltage of the device to be charged is 10V
  • the output voltage is lower than 10V (such as 8V or 9V)
  • the above can be used PWM mode.
  • the PFM mode can be switched to control the input signal to adjust the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device 30.
  • the control unit 24 is used to adjust the output voltage of the transformer 222 by outputting a PWM signal in the first charging stage; in the second charging stage, the output voltage of the transformer 222 is adjusted by outputting a PFM signal; where , The output voltage of the power supply device 30 in the first charging stage is lower than the output voltage in the second charging stage.
  • the first charging phase is, for example, a charging start phase, such as a trickle charging phase and/or a constant voltage charging phase.
  • the second charging stage may be, for example, a subsequent constant current charging stage.
  • control unit 24 is configured to output a PWM signal or a PFM signal to adjust the output voltage of the transformer 222 according to the output gain.
  • the output gain may be, for example, the ratio of the output voltage of the transformer 222 to the input voltage of the transformer 222, or the output gain may be the ratio of the output voltage of the second-stage conversion circuit 22 to the output voltage of the first-stage conversion circuit 21.
  • the output gain may also be the ratio of the output voltage of the power supply device 30 to the input voltage of the transformer 222.
  • control unit 24 may also be used to receive feedback information of the equipment to be charged connected to the power supply device 30, and according to the feedback information, control the control signal input to the first switch unit 211 to adjust the power supply device 30 output voltage and/or output current.
  • the duty ratio of the control signal input to the first switch unit 211 when it is determined to adopt the PWM mode (ie output the PWM signal), according to the feedback information, adjust the duty ratio of the control signal input to the first switch unit 211 to adjust the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device 30.
  • the frequency of the control signal input to the first switch unit 211 is adjusted according to the feedback information to adjust the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device 30.
  • the feedback information may include, for example, the charging voltage and/or charging current expected by the device to be charged.
  • the feedback information may also include: an adjustment command generated by the device to be charged based on the desired charging voltage and/or charging current.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit is adopted in the first-stage architecture to perform rectification and boosting operations on the AC voltage, thereby eliminating the need for large-volume capacitors (such as liquid electrolytic capacitors).
  • PFM mode or PWM mode can also be used to control the input signal of the switch unit in the first-stage conversion circuit to ensure the output gain and output gain of the first-stage conversion circuit. Stability of output voltage.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit 21 may include a second switch unit.
  • the power supply device 30 may also include a second detection unit 26 for detecting the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit 21.
  • the control unit 24 controls the on and off of the second switch unit by outputting a control signal to adjust the output voltage and the output voltage of the first-stage conversion circuit 21. / Or output current.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit 21 may, for example, as shown in FIG. 6A, include a rectifier circuit 211 and a boost circuit 212.
  • the rectifier circuit 211 is used to rectify the received AC power.
  • the rectifier circuit 211 may be a full bridge rectifier circuit, for example.
  • the Boost circuit 212 is used to boost the rectified DC power.
  • the boost circuit 212 may be as shown in FIG. 6B, for example, and the second switch unit may be, for example, the switch S1 in the boost circuit 212 in FIG. 6B. It should be noted that the Boost circuit shown in the figure is only an example, and does not limit the present disclosure.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit 21 can also be implemented as a totem-pole boost circuit as shown in FIG. 6C, for example.
  • the second switch unit may be, for example, the switch tubes S1 and S2 in FIG. 6C.
  • totem pole boost circuit shown in FIG. 6C is only an example, and does not limit the present disclosure.
  • the structure of the totem pole boost circuit is well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the control unit 24 determines the output PWM signal or output PFM signal according to the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit 21, and adjusts the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit 21 to make the first-stage conversion
  • the output voltage of the circuit 21 is equal to the preset reference voltage.
  • Fig. 3B is a schematic diagram showing the structure of still another power supply device according to an example. Different from the power supply device 30 shown in FIG. 3A, the power supply device 30' in FIG. 3B includes a first control unit 241 and a second control unit 242, which are used to control the first stage conversion circuit 21 and the second stage, respectively. Conversion circuit 22.
  • the second control unit 242 is configured to determine that the control signal output to the first switch unit 221 is a PWM signal or a PFM signal according to the voltage and/or current output by the transformer 222 or the power supply device 30' to adjust the output voltage of the transformer 222.
  • the second control unit 242 may also be used to adjust the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device 30' according to the received feedback information.
  • the first control unit 241 is configured to determine whether the control signal output to the second switching unit is a PWM signal or a PFM signal according to the voltage and/or current output by the first-stage conversion circuit 21, and adjust the output voltage and/or the output voltage of the first-stage conversion circuit 21 /Or output current so that the output voltage of the first-stage conversion circuit 21 is equal to the preset reference voltage.
  • the first control unit 241 and the second control unit 242 can communicate with each other.
  • the first control unit 241 may send a message to the second control unit 242 to instruct the second control unit 242 to start working.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of still another power supply device according to an example.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit 21 takes a totem pole boost circuit as an example
  • the second-stage conversion circuit 22 takes an LLC resonant converter as an example.
  • Fig. 8 is a flowchart showing a charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the charging control method can be applied to the aforementioned power supply device 20 or 30 or 30', for example.
  • the charging control method 40 includes:
  • step S402 the received AC voltage is converted into a pulsating DC voltage by the first-stage conversion circuit.
  • the voltage value of the pulsating DC voltage is higher than the voltage value of the AC voltage.
  • step S404 the pulsating DC power is converted by the second-stage conversion circuit, and a constant DC voltage is output.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit includes at least one filter capacitor, and the capacity of the filter capacitor is less than a preset value.
  • the charging control method 40 further includes:
  • step S406 the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device are detected.
  • step S408 according to the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device, output a control signal to control the on or off of the first switch unit in the second-level conversion circuit, and adjust the change in the second-level conversion circuit.
  • the output voltage of the voltage unit thereby adjusting the voltage value of the constant DC voltage.
  • step S408 may include: in step S4082, according to the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device, outputting a PWM signal or outputting a PFM signal to adjust the output of the transformer unit Voltage.
  • step 4082 may be specifically implemented, for example, as: when the output voltage of the power supply device is less than the preset first voltage threshold, and/or the output current of the power supply device is less than the preset first current threshold, Output a PWM signal to adjust the output voltage of the transformer unit; when the output voltage of the power supply device is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold, and/or the output current of the power supply device is greater than or equal to the first current threshold, output the PFM signal, To adjust the output voltage of the transformer unit.
  • the charging control method 40 further includes:
  • step S406' the output voltage and/or output current of the transformation unit in the second-stage transformation circuit is detected.
  • step S408' according to the output voltage and/or output current of the transformation unit, output a control signal to control the on or off of the first switch unit in the second-stage transformation circuit, and adjust the output voltage of the transformation unit, Thereby adjusting the voltage value of the constant DC voltage.
  • step S408' may include: in step S4082', according to the output voltage and/or output current of the transformer unit, output a PWM signal or output a PFM signal to adjust the transformer unit The output voltage.
  • step 4082' can be specifically implemented, for example, as: when the output voltage of the transformer unit is less than the preset first voltage threshold, and/or the output current of the transformer unit is less than the preset first current threshold , Output a PWM signal to adjust the output voltage of the transformation unit; when the output voltage of the transformation unit is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold, and/or the output current of the transformation unit is greater than or equal to the first current threshold, output a PFM signal , To adjust the output voltage of the transformer unit.
  • step 4082' can also be specifically implemented as follows: in the first charging stage, by outputting a PWM signal to adjust the output voltage of the transformer unit; and in the second charging stage, by outputting a PFM signal to adjust The output voltage of the transformation unit; wherein, the output voltage of the power supply device in the first charging stage is lower than the output voltage in the second charging stage.
  • step 4082' may also be specifically implemented as: according to the output gain, the output voltage of the transformer unit is adjusted by outputting a PWM signal or a PFM signal; wherein, the output gain is the output voltage of the transformer unit and the transformer.
  • the ratio of the input voltage of the voltage unit, or the output gain is the ratio of the output voltage of the second-stage conversion circuit to the output voltage of the first-stage conversion circuit.
  • the charging control method 40 further includes: in step 410, receiving feedback information of the device to be charged connected to the power supply device.
  • control is a PFM signal or a control signal of a PWM signal to adjust the output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device.
  • the feedback information includes: the charging voltage and/or charging current expected by the device to be charged, or an adjustment command generated by the device to be charged based on the expected charging voltage and/or charging current.
  • the first-stage conversion circuit boosts the input AC voltage
  • the energy storage function can be realized through the change of the bus voltage, so that the power supply device that executes the method does not need to use a large-volume capacitor as the energy storage element. Removing large-volume capacitors can reduce the size of the power supply device.
  • Fig. 13 is a flowchart showing another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment. Different from the charging control method 40 shown in FIG. 8, the charging control method 50 shown in FIG. 13 further includes:
  • step S502 the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit are detected.
  • step S504 according to the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit, output a control signal to control the on or off of the second switch unit in the first-stage conversion circuit to adjust the first-stage conversion circuit The output voltage and/or output current.
  • step S504 may include: in step S5042, according to the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit, By outputting a PWM signal or outputting a PFM signal, the output voltage and/or output current of the first-stage conversion circuit are adjusted so that the output voltage of the first-stage conversion circuit is equal to the preset reference voltage.

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Abstract

一种电源提供装置及充电控制方法。电源提供装置（20），包括：第一级变换电路（21）与第二级变换电路（22），其中第一级变换电路（21）用于将接收的交流电压转换为脉动直流电压，脉动直流电压的电压值高于交流电压的电压值；第二级变换电路（22），与第一级变换电路（21）连接，用于对脉动直流电压进行变换，输出恒定直流电压。

Description

电源提供装置及充电控制方法 技术领域
本公开涉及充电技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电源提供装置及充电控制方法。
背景技术
待充电设备(例如智能手机，移动终端或智能设备)越来越受到消费者的青睐，但是待充电设备耗电量大，需要经常充电。但目前，电源提供装置(如电源适配器)的体积较大，不便于随身携带，用户体验差。
在所述背景技术部分公开的上述信息仅用于加强对本公开的背景的理解，因此它可以包括不构成对本领域普通技术人员已知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本公开提供一种电源提供装置及充电控制方法，可以实现较小体积的电源提供装置。
本公开的其他特性和优点将通过下面的详细描述变得显然，或部分地通过本公开的实践而习得。
根据本公开的一方面，提供一种电源提供装置，包括：第一级变换电路，用于将接收的交流电压转换为脉动直流电压，所述脉动直流电压的电压值高于所述交流电压的电压值；以及第二级变换电路，与所述第一级变换电路连接，用于对所述脉动直流电压进行变换，输出恒定直流电压。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述第一级变换电路包括至少一个滤波电容，所述滤波电容的容量小于预设值。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述第二级变换电路包含第一开关单元和变压单元，所述电源提供装置还包括：第一检测单元，与所述变压单元连接，用于检测所述变压单元的输出电压和/或电流；及控制单元，分别与所述检测单元和所述第一开关单元连接，用于根据所述第一检测单元检测到的输出电压值和/或电流值，通过输出控制信号，控制所述第一开关单元导通或关断，调整所述变压单元的输出电压，从而调整所述恒定直流电压的电压值。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述控制信号包括：脉冲宽度调制PWM信号和脉冲频率调制PFM信号；所述控制单元用于根据所述第一检测单元检测到的输出电压值和/或电流值，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述控制单元用于根据输出增益，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压，其中，所述输出增益为所述变压单元 的输出电压与所述变压单元的输入电压的比值，或者，所述输出增益为所述第二级变换电路的输出电压与所述第一级变换电路的输出电压的比值。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述控制单元用于在第一充电阶段，输出所述PWM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压；在第二充电阶段，输出所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压；其中，所述电源提供装置在所述第一充电阶段的输出电压低于在所述第二充电阶段的输出电压。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述控制单元用于当所述变压单元的输出电压小于预设的第一电压阈值，和/或所述变压单元的输出电流小于预设的第一电流阈值时，输出所述PWM信号，来调整所述变压单元的输出电压；当所述变压单元的输出电压大于或等于所述第一电压阈值，和/或所述变压单元的输出电流大于或等于所述第一电流阈值时，输出所述PFM信号，来调整所述变压单元的输出电压。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述第二级变换电路包含第一开关单元和变压单元；所述电源提供装置还包括：第一检测单元，用于检测所述电源提供装置的输出电压和/或电流；及控制单元，分别与所述第一检测单元和所述第一开关单元连接，用于根据所述第一检测单元检测到的输出电压值和/或电流值，通过输出控制信号，控制所述第一开关单元导通或关断，调整所述变压单元的输出电压，从而调整所述恒定直流电压的电压值。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述控制单元还用于接收与所述电源提供装置连接的待充电设备的反馈信息，并根据所述反馈信息，控制所述第一开关单元的控制信号，来调整所述电源提供装置的输出电压和/或输出电流。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述反馈信息包括：所述待充电设备期望的充电电压和/或充电电流，或者，所述待充电设备基于期望的充电电压和/或充电电流生成的调整指令。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述第一级变换电路包括：第二开关单元；所述电源提供装置还包括：第二检测单元，分别与所述第一级变换电路及所述控制单元连接，用于检测所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流；所述控制单元还用于根据所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出第二控制信号，控制所述第二开关单元的导通或关断，来调整所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述第二控制信号包括：PWM信号和PFM信号；所述控制单元用于根据所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，来调整所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，以使所述第一级变换电路的输出电压等于预设的参考电压。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述电容下述电容中的至少一种：薄膜电容、多层陶瓷电容、贴片电容或电解电容。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述第一级变换电路包括：图腾柱boost电路。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述第一级变换电路包括：整流电路和boost电路。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述第二级变换电路包括：LLC谐振变换器。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供一种充电控制方法，应用于电源提供装置，包括：通过第一级变换电路将接收到的交流电压转换为脉动直流电压，所述脉动直流电压的电压值高于所述交流电压的电压值；以及通过第二级变换电路对所述脉动直流电压进行变换，输出恒定直流电压。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述第一级变换电路包括至少一个滤波电容，所述滤波电容的容量小于预设值。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述方法还包括：检测所述第二级变换电路中的变压单元的输出电压和/或输出电流；根据所述变压单元的输出电压和/或输出电流，通过输出控制信号，控制所述第二级变换电路中的第一开关单元的导通或关断，调整所述变压单元的输出电压，从而调整所述恒定直流电压的电压值。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述控制信号包括：PWM信号和PFM信号；根据所述变压单元的输出电压和/或输出电流，通过输出控制信号，控制所述第二级变换电路中的第一开关单元的导通或关断，调整所述变压单元的输出电压，包括：根据所述变压单元的输出电压值和/或电流值，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压。
根据本公开的一实施方式，根据所述变压单元的输出电压值和/或电流值，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压，包括：根据输出增益，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压；其中，所述输出增益为所述变压单元的输出电压与所述变压单元的输入电压的比值，或者，所述输出增益为所述第二级变换电路的输出电压与所述第一级变换电路的输出电压的比值。
根据本公开的一实施方式，根据所述变压单元的输出电压值和/或电流值，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压，包括：在第一充电阶段，输出所述PWM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压；以及在第二充电阶段，输出所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压；其中，所述电源提供装置在所述第一充电阶段的输出电压低于在所述第二充电阶段的输出电压。
根据本公开的一实施方式，根据所述变压单元的输出电压值和/或电流值，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压，包括：当所述变压单元的输出电压小于预设的第一电压阈值，和/或所述变压单元的输出电流小于预设的第一电流阈值时，输出所述PWM信号，来调整所述变压单元的输出电压；当所述变压单元的输出电压大于或等于所述第一电压阈值，和/或所述变压单元的输出电流大于或等于所述第一电流阈值时，输出所述PFM信号，来调整所述变压单元的输出电压。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述方法还包括：检测所述电源提供装置的输出电压和/或输出电流；根据所述电源提供装置的输出电压和/或输出电流，通过输出控制信号，控制所述第二级变换电路中的第一开关单元的导通或关断，调整所述第二级变换电路中的变压单元的输出电压，从而调整所述恒定直流电压的电压值。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述方法还包括：接收与所述电源提供装置连接的待充电设备的反馈信息；以及根据所述反馈信息，控制所述第一开关单元的控制信号，来调整所述电源提供装置的输出电压和/或输出电流。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述反馈信息包括：所述待充电设备期望的充电电压和/或充电电流，或者，所述待充电设备基于期望的充电电压和/或充电电流生成的调整指令。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述方法还包括：检测所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流；以及根据所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出第二控制信号，控制所述第一级变换电路中的第二开关单元的导通或关断，来调整所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流。
根据本公开的一实施方式，所述第二控制信号包括：PWM信号和PFM信号；根据所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出第二控制信号，控制所述第二开关单元的导通或关断，来调整所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，包括：根据所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出PWM信号或PFM信号，来调整所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，以使所述第一级变换电路的输出电压等于预设的参考电压。
本公开实施例提供的电源提供装置，采用由第一级变换电路及第二级变换电路构成的两级架构。由于第一级变换电路对输入的交流电进行升压，使得两级架构之间存在可变化的母线电压，通过母线电压的变化可以实现储能功能，从而无需使用体积很大的电容作为储能元件。去掉大体积电解电容可以减小电源提供装置的体积。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本公开。
附图说明
通过参照附图详细描述其示例实施例，本公开的上述和其它目标、特征及优点将变得更加显而易见。
图1是根据一示例示出的相关技术中的电源提供装置的结构示意图。
图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电源提供装置的结构示意图。
图3A是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种电源提供装置的结构示意图。
图3B是根据一示例性实施例示出的再一种电源提供装置的结构示意图。
图4是根据一示例示出的LLC谐振变换器的电路结构图。
图5A是根据一示例示出的脉动直流电压的示意图。
图5B是根据一示例示出的恒定直流电压的示意图。
图6A是根据一示例性实施例示出的升压电路的结构示意图。
图6B是根据一示例示出的Boost电路的电路示意图。
图6C是根据一示例示出的图腾柱Boost电路的示意图。
图7是根据一示例示出的再一种电源提供装置的结构示意图。
图8是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种充电控制方法的流程图。
图9是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电控制方法的流程图。
图10是根据一示例性实施例示出的再一种充电控制方法的流程图。
图11是根据一示例性实施例示出的再一种充电控制方法的流程图。
图12是根据一示例性实施例示出的再一种充电控制方法的流程图。
图13是根据一示例性实施例示出的再一种充电控制方法的流程图。
图14是根据一示例性实施例示出的再一种充电控制方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例实施方式。然而，示例实施方式能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的范例；相反，提供这些实施方式使得本公开将更加全面和完整，并将示例实施方式的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多实施方式中。
此外，附图仅为本公开的示意性图解，并非一定是按比例绘制。图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的部分，因而将省略对它们的重复描述。附图中所示的一些方框图是功能实体，不一定必须与物理或逻辑上独立的实体相对应。可以采用软件形式来实现这些功能实体，或在一个或多个硬件模块或集成电路中实现这些功能实体，或在不同网络和/或处理器装置和/或微控制器装置中实现这些功能实体。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以互相通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示单独存在A、单独存在B及同时存在A和B三种情况。
如上述，目前的电源提供装置由于需要较大的储能元件来储能，因此体积较大。
图1是根据一示例示出的相关技术中的电源提供装置的结构示意图。如图1所示，电源提供装置10包括：整流单元11、开关单元12、变压器13、滤波单元14及控制单元15。
其中，整流单元11用于对接收的交流电(如电网提供的市电)进行整流，输出如图中信号S1所示的脉动直流电。
开关单元12、变压器13及滤波单元进一步对整流单元11输出的脉动直流电进行转换，从而输出稳定的直流电(如信号S4所示)。
控制单元15分别对电源提供装置10输出的电压采样，及对开关单元12的电流采样，并根据电压采样信号和电流采样信号，对开关单元12进行控制，以控制电源提供装置10的输出电压和/或输出电流。
如图1所示，整流单元11中包含有用于储能的大体积电容，该大体积电容通常为液态电解电容，体积较大，因此导致电源提供装置10的体积较大，不便于携带，用户体验差。
下面将结合附图及实施例对本公开各示例实施例中的电源提供装置进行更详细的说明。
图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电源提供装置的结构示意图。
参考图2，电源提供装置20包括：第一级变换电路21及第二级变换电路22。
其中，第一级变换电路21，例如可以为升压电路，用于将接收的交流电压(如从电网接收到的市电)转换为脉动直流电压，该脉动直流电压的电压值高于交流电压的电压值。
第一级变换电路21输出的脉动直流电的电压范围例如在390V～450V之间。
第二级变换电路22与第一级变换电路21连接，用于对第一级变换电路21输出的脉动直流电压进行变换，输出恒定直流电压，作为电源提供装置20的输出电压。
本领域技术人员应理解的是，第二级变换电路22输出的恒定直流电压为无脉动波形的恒定直流电压，但该恒定直流电压的电压值并非固定的，可以在不同充电场景或充电阶段，输出不同的电压值。
本公开实施例提供的电源提供装置20，采用由第一级变换电路及第二级变换电路构成的两级架构。由于第一级变换电路对输入的交流电压进行升压，使得两级架构之间存在可变化的母线电压，通过母线电压的变化可以实现储能功能，从而无需使用体积很大的电容作为储能元件。去掉大体积电容可以减小电源提供装置20的体积。
此外，如上述，大体积电容通常使用液态电解电容，而液态电解电容的使用寿命较短，且容易爆浆。去掉液态电解电容还可以提高电源提供装置20的使用寿命和安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一级变换电路21还可以包括：至少一个滤波能力较小的电容211(如其电容的容量小于预设值的电容或者电容的体积小于预设体积阈值)，用于滤除第一级变换电路21输出的脉动电压的毛刺，以提高电源提供装置20输出电流的质量。电容211例如可以为薄膜电容，也可以为多层陶瓷电容(MLCC)，还可以为贴片电容，或者 还可以为容量小于上述预设值的电解电容。滤波电容211的体积和/或容量均较小，因此不会对电源提供装置的体积产生较大影响。
图3A是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种电源提供装置的结构示意图。
与图2所示的电源提供装置20不同的是，在图3A所示的电源提供装置30中，第二级变换电路22进一步还可以包括：第一开关单元221及变压器222。
电源提供装置30还可以进一步包括控制单元24与第一检测单元25。第一检测单元25与变压器222连接，用于检测变压器222的输出电压和/或输出电流。控制单元24分别与第一检测单元25和第一开关电源221连接，用于根据第一检测单元25检测到的变压器222的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出控制信号，控制第一开关单元221的导通或关闭，调整变压器222的输出电压，从而调整电源提供装置30输出的恒定直流电压的电压值。
检测的输出电压和/或输出电流可以为变压器222的输出电压和/或输出电流的采样信号。
变压器222可以以电磁耦合的方式将电能从初级侧耦合至次级侧。耦合至次级侧的电能可以从第一级变换电路21输出的电能中抽取。能量的抽取方式可以由控制单元24根据检测到的变压器222的输出电压和/或输出电流进行控制。
在一些实施例中，第一检测单元25还可以直接检测电源提供装置30的输出电压和/或输出电流。控制单元24可以根据电源提供装置30的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出控制信号，控制第一开关单元221的导通或关闭，调整变压器222的输出电压，从而调整电源提供装置30输出的恒定直流电压的电压值。该输出电压和/或输出电流可以为电源提供装置30的输出电压和/或输出电流的采样信号。
在一些实施例中，第二级变换电路22例如可以被实施为如图4所示的LLC谐振变换器。其中，第一开关单元221包含变压器222之前的MOS管Q1和Q2。第一开关单元221对第一级变换电路21输出的脉动直流电进行斩波调制，使得调制后的电压经过变压器222进行变压。此外，如图4所示的LLC谐振变换器中的MOS管Q3和Q4同样受控于控制单元24发送的控制信号。
图5A是根据一示例示出的脉动直流电压的示意图。在本公开实施例中，无需使用大体积的电容，第一级变换电路输出的脉动直流电压的电压范围较宽。如图5A所示，脉动直流电压的电压范围(如图中的虚线A与虚线B所示)例如在390V～450V之间。恒定直流电压如图5B所示。如上述，第二级变换电路22输出的恒定直流电压为无脉动波形的恒定直流电压，但该恒定直流电压的电压值并非固定的，可以在不同充电场景或充电阶段，输出不同的电压值。
需要说明的是，图4所示的LLC谐波变换器仅为一示例，而非限制本公开。LLC谐振变换器的结构为本领域技术人员所熟知，在此不再赘述。
控制单元24例如可以被实施为微控制单元(MCU)。为了使电源提供装置30输出 恒定的直流电，控制单元24向第一开关单元221输出的控制信号包括：脉冲频率调制(Pulse Frequency Modulation，PFM)信号和脉冲宽度调制(Pulse Width Modulation，PWM)信号，控制第一开关单元221的导通与关断。
其中，输出PFM信号时，保持该PFM信号的占空比不变，通过调整该PFM信号的间隔(即频率)，来对该PFM信号进行控制。输出PWM信号时，保持该PWM信号的频率不变，通过调整该PWM信号的占空比(即信号宽度)，来对该PWM信号进行控制。
控制单元24根据变压器222的输出电压和/或输出电流，或者根据电源提供该装置30的输出电压和/或输出电流，确定输出PWM信号还是输出PFM信号。
通常，在电源提供装置30的输出电压和/或输出电流较低时，第一开关单元221中的Q1和Q2的频率需要被置为很高，如此才能保证电源提供装置30的输出增益。输出增益为电源提供装置30的输出电压与第二级变换电路22的输入电压(也即第一级变换电路的输出电压)的比值。但在实际应用时，受到各方面因素的限制(如器件性能、电路损耗、电磁干扰、PCB布局等)，很难保证可以将第一开关单元221中的Q1和Q2的频率推到很高，并且需要在考虑效率和发热的情况下，限制住MOS管Q1和Q2的最高频率。但是为了达到所需的输出增益，必须改变输入信号的占空比，因此在这个阶段，需要使电源提供装置30工作在PWM模式(即输出PWM信号)，以保证电源提供装置30的输出增益。
为了保证电源提供装置30的转换效率(即输出增益)，在一些实施例中，当变压器222的输出电压低于预设的第一电压阈值，和/或，在变压器222的输出电流低于预设的第一电流阈值时，控制单元24输出PWM信号，即工作在PWM模式。
当变压器222的输出电压高于或等于该第一电压阈值，和/或，在变压器222的输出电流高于或等于该第一电流阈值时，控制单元24输出PFM信号，即工作在PFM模式。
在一些实施例中，如上述，控制单元24还可以根据电源提供装置30的输出电压和/或电流来确定采用何种控制模式。当电源提供装置30的输出电压低于预设的第一电压阈值，和/或，在电源提供装置30的输出电流低于预设的第一电流阈值时，控制单元24输出PWM信号，即工作在PWM模式。
当电源提供装置30的输出电压高于或等于该第一电压阈值，和/或，在电源提供装置30的输出电流高于或等于该第一电流阈值时，控制单元24输出PFM信号，即工作在PFM模式。
上述的第一电压阈值和第一电流阈值，可以根据与电源提供装置30连接的待充电设备的电池充电情况来设置。以待充电设备中的电池为双节串联锂电池为例，待充电设备期望的充电电压为10V，而在充电的开始阶段，输出电压低于10V(如为8V或9V)时，可以采用上述PWM模式。当输出电压为10V时，可以切换到PFM模式，对输入信号进行控制，以调整电源提供装置30的输出电压和/或输出电流。
在一些实施例中，控制单元24用于在第一充电阶段，通过输出PWM信号，来调整变压器222的输出电压；在第二充电阶段，通过输出PFM信号，来调整变压器222的输 出电压；其中，电源提供装置30在第一充电阶段的输出电压低于在第二充电阶段的输出电压。第一充电阶段例如为充电开始的阶段，如涓流充电阶段和/或恒压充电阶段。第二充电阶段例如可以为后续的恒流充电阶段。
在一些实施例中，控制单元24用于根据输出增益，输出PWM信号或PFM信号，来调整变压器222的输出电压。其中，输出增益例如可以为变压器222的输出电压与变压器222的输入电压的比值，或者，输出增益可以为第二级变换电路22的输出电压与第一级变换电路21的输出电压的比值。此外，输出增益如还可以为电源提供装置30的输出电压与变压器222的输入电压的比值。
在一些实施例中，控制单元24还可以用于接收与电源提供装置30连接的待充电设备的反馈信息，并根据反馈信息，控制输入至第一开关单元211的控制信号，来调整电源提供装置30的输出电压和/或输出电流。
例如，当确定采用PWM模式(即输出PWM信号)时，根据反馈信息，调整输入至第一开关单元211的控制信号的占空比，来调整电源提供装置30的输出电压和/或输出电流。当确定采用PFM模式(即输出PFM信号)时，根据反馈信息，调整输入至第一开关单元211的控制信号的频率，来调整电源提供装置30的输出电压和/或输出电流。
反馈信息例如可以包括：待充电设备期望的充电电压和/或充电电流。或者，反馈信息也可以包括：待充电设备基于期望的充电电压和/或充电电流生成的调整指令。
在本公开实施例中，在第一级架构中采用了第一级变换电路，对交流电压进行整流及升压操作，从而无需使用大体积电容(如液态电解电容)。但由于第一级变换电路的输出是不稳定的，也可以采用PFM模式或PWM模式来对第一级变换电路中的开关单元的输入信号进行控制，以保证第一级变换电路的输出增益和输出电压的稳定。
第一级变换电路21中可以包含第二开关单元。此外，电源提供装置30如还可以如图3A所示，包括第二检测单元26，用于检测第一级变换电路21的输出电压和/或输出电流。控制单元24根据第二检测单元26检测到的该输出电压和/或输出电流，通过输出控制信号，控制第二开关单元的导通与关断，来调整第一级变换电路21的输出电压和/或输出电流。
第一级变换电路21例如可以如图6A所示，包括整流电路211和boost电路212。其中，整流电路211用于对接收的交流电进行整流。整流电路211例如可以为一全桥整流电路。Boost电路212用于对整流后的直流电进行升压。Boost电路212例如可以如图6B所示，第二开关单元例如为图6B中Boost电路212中的开关管S1。需要说明的是，图中所示的Boost电路仅为一示例，而非限制本公开。
第一级变换电路21例如还可以被实施为如图6C所示的图腾柱(Totem-pole)boost电路。第二开关单元例如可以图6C中的开关管S1和S2。
需要说明的是，图6C所示的图腾柱boost电路仅为一示例，而非限制本公开。图腾柱boost电路的结构为本领域技术人员所熟知，在此不再赘述。
控制单元24根据第一级变换电路21的输出电压和/或输出电流，确定输出PWM信号或输出PFM信号，调整第一级变换电路21的输出电压和/或输出电流，以使第一级变换电路21的输出电压等于预设的参考电压。
图3B是根据一示例示出的再一种电源提供装置的结构示意图。与图3A所示的电源提供装置30不同的是，图3B中的电源提供装置30’包括第一控制单元241和第二控制单元242，分别用于控制第一级变换电路21和第二级变换电路22。
第二控制单元242用于根据变压器222或电源提供装置30’输出的电压和/或电流，确定输出至第一开关单元221的控制信号为PWM信号或PFM信号，以调整变压器222的输出电压。第二控制单元242还可以用于根据接收到的反馈信息，来调整电源提供装置30’的输出电压和/或输出电流。
第一控制单元241用于根据第一级变换电路21输出的电压和/或电流，确定输出至第而开关单元的控制信号为PWM信号或PFM信号，调整第一级变换电路21的输出电压和/或输出电流，以使第一级变换电路21的输出电压等于预设的参考电压。
第一控制单元241与第二控制单元242之间可以通信。例如，第一控制单元241可以向第二控制单元242发送消息，以指示第二控制单元242开始工作。
图7是根据一示例示出的再一种电源提供装置的结构示意图。如图7所示的电源提供装置中第一级变换电路21以图腾柱boost电路为例，第二级变换电路22以LLC谐振变换器为例。
下述为本公开方法实施例，可以应用于本公开装置实施例中。对于本公开方法实施例中未披露的细节，请参照本公开装置实施例。
图8是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种充电控制方法的流程图。该充电控制方法如可以应用于上述的电源提供装置20或30或30’中。
参考图8，充电控制方法40包括：
在步骤S402中，通过第一级变换电路将接收到的交流电压转换为脉动直流电压。
其中，脉动直流电压的电压值高于交流电压的电压值。
在步骤S404中，通过第二级变换电路对脉动直流电进行变换，输出恒定直流电压。
在一些实施例中，第一级变换电路包括至少一个滤波电容，滤波电容的容量小于预设值。
在一些实施例中，如图9所示，充电控制方法40还包括：
在步骤S406中，检测电源提供装置的输出电压和/或输出电流。
在步骤S408中，根据电源提供装置的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出控制信号，控制第二级变换电路中的第一开关单元的导通或关断，调整第二级变换电路中的变压单元的输出电压，从而调整恒定直流电压的电压值。
在一些实施例中，如图10所示，步骤S408可以包括：在步骤S4082中，根据电源提 供装置的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出PWM信号或输出PFM信号，来调整变压单元的输出电压。
在一些实施例中，步骤4082例如可以被具体实施为：当电源提供装置的输出电压小于预设的第一电压阈值，和/或电源提供装置的输出电流小于预设的第一电流阈值时，输出PWM信号，来调整变压单元的输出电压；当电源提供装置的输出电压大于或等于第一电压阈值，和/或电源提供装置的输出电流大于或等于第一电流阈值时，输出PFM信号，来调整变压单元的输出电压。
在一些实施例中，在一些实施例中，如图11所示，充电控制方法40还包括：
在步骤S406’中，检测第二级变换电路中的变压单元的输出电压和/或输出电流。
在步骤S408’中，根据变压单元的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出控制信号，控制第二级变换电路中的第一开关单元的导通或关断，调整变压单元的输出电压，从而调整恒定直流电压的电压值。
在一些实施例中，如图12所示，步骤S408’可以包括：在步骤S4082’中，根据变压单元的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出PWM信号或输出PFM信号，来调整变压单元的输出电压。
在一些实施例中，步骤4082’例如可以被具体实施为：当变压单元的输出电压小于预设的第一电压阈值，和/或变压单元的输出电流小于预设的第一电流阈值时，输出PWM信号，来调整变压单元的输出电压；当变压单元的输出电压大于或等于第一电压阈值，和/或变压单元的输出电流大于或等于第一电流阈值时，输出PFM信号，来调整变压单元的输出电压。
在一些实施例中，步骤4082’例如还可以被具体实施为：：在第一充电阶段，通过输出PWM信号，调整变压单元的输出电压；以及在第二充电阶段，通过输出PFM信号，调整变压单元的输出电压；其中，电源提供装置在第一充电阶段的输出电压低于在第二充电阶段的输出电压。
在一些实施例中，步骤4082’例如还可以被具体实施为：根据输出增益，通过输出PWM信号或PFM信号，调整变压单元的输出电压；其中，输出增益为变压单元的输出电压与变压单元的输入电压的比值，或者，输出增益为第二级变换电路的输出电压与第一级变换电路的输出电压的比值。
在一些实施例中，如图9或图11所示，充电控制方法40还包括：在步骤410中，接收与电源提供装置连接的待充电设备的反馈信息。在步骤S412中，根据反馈信息，控制为PFM信号或为PWM信号的控制信号，来调整电源提供装置的输出电压和/或输出电流。
在一些实施例中，反馈信息包括：待充电设备期望的充电电压和/或充电电流，或者，待充电设备基于期望的充电电压和/或充电电流生成的调整指令。
本公开实施例提供的充电控制方法，由于第一级变换电路对输入的交流电压进行升压，使得第一级变换电路与第二级变换电路构成的两级架构之间存在可变化的母线电压，通过母线电压的变化可以实现储能功能，从而使得执行该方法的电源提供装置无需使用体积很大的电容作为储能元件。去掉大体积的电容可以减小电源提供装置的体积。
图13是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电控制方法的流程图。与图8所示的充电控制方法40不同的是，图13所示的充电控制方法50还进一步包括：
在步骤S502中，检测第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流。
在步骤S504中，根据第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出控制信号，控制第一级变换电路中的第二开关单元的导通或关断，来调整第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流。
在一些实施例中，第二开关单元的输入信号为脉冲宽度调制信号；如图14所示，步骤S504可以包括：在步骤S5042中，根据第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，通过输出PWM信号或输出PFM信号，调整第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，以使第一级变换电路的输出电压等于预设的参考电压。
需要注意的是，上述附图仅是根据本公开示例性实施方式的方法所包括的处理的示意性说明，而不是限制目的。易于理解，上述附图所示的处理并不表明或限制这些处理的时间顺序。另外，也易于理解，这些处理可以是例如在多个模块中同步或异步执行的。
以上具体地示出和描述了本公开的示例性实施方式。应可理解的是，本公开不限于这里描述的详细结构、设置方式或实现方法；相反，本公开意图涵盖包含在所附权利要求的精神和范围内的各种修改和等效设置。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种电源提供装置，其特征在于，包括：
    第一级变换电路，用于将接收的交流电压转换为脉动直流电压，所述脉动直流电压的电压值高于所述交流电压的电压值；以及
    第二级变换电路，与所述第一级变换电路连接，用于对所述脉动直流电压进行变换，输出恒定直流电压。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述第一级变换电路包括至少一个滤波电容，所述滤波电容的容量小于预设值。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述第二级变换电路包含第一开关单元和变压单元；
    所述电源提供装置还包括：
    第一检测单元，与所述变压单元连接，用于检测所述变压单元的输出电压和/或电流；及
    控制单元，分别与所述第一检测单元和所述第一开关单元连接，用于根据所述第一检测单元检测到的输出电压值和/或电流值，通过输出控制信号控制所述第一开关单元导通或关断，调整所述变压单元的输出电压，从而调整所述恒定直流电压的电压值。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述控制信号包括：脉冲宽度调制PWM信号和脉冲频率调制PFM信号；所述控制单元用于根据所述第一检测单元检测到的输出电压值和/或电流值，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元用于根据输出增益，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压，其中，所述输出增益为所述变压单元的输出电压与所述变压单元的输入电压的比值，或者，所述输出增益为所述第二级变换电路的输出电压与所述第一级变换电路的输出电压的比值。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元用于在第一充电阶段，输出所述PWM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压；在第二充电阶段，输出所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压；其中，所述电源提供装置在所述第一充电阶段的输出电压低于在所述第二充电阶段的输出电压。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元用于当所述变压单元的输出电压小于预设的第一电压阈值，和/或所述变压单元的输出电流小于预设的第一电流阈值时，输出所述PWM信号，来调整所述变压单元的输出电压；
    当所述变压单元的输出电压大于或等于所述第一电压阈值，和/或所述变压单元的输出电流大于或等于所述第一电流阈值时，输出所述PFM信号，来调整所述变压单元的输出电压。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述第二级变换电路包含第一开关单元和变压单元；
    所述电源提供装置还包括：
    第一检测单元，用于检测所述电源提供装置的输出电压和/或电流；及
    控制单元，分别与所述第一检测单元和所述第一开关单元连接，用于根据所述第一检测单元检测到的输出电压值和/或电流值，通过输出控制信号，控制所述第一开关单元导通或关断，调整所述变压单元的输出电压，从而调整所述恒定直流电压的电压值。
  9. 根据权利要求3-8任一项所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于接收与所述电源提供装置连接的待充电设备的反馈信息，并根据所述反馈信息，控制所述第一开关单元的控制信号，来调整所述电源提供装置的输出电压和/或输出电流。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述反馈信息包括：所述待充电设备期望的充电电压和/或充电电流，或者，所述待充电设备基于期望的充电电压和/或充电电流生成的调整指令。
  11. 根据权利要求3-8任一项所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述第一级变换电路包括：第二开关单元；
    所述电源提供装置还包括：
    第二检测单元，分别与所述第一级变换电路及所述控制单元连接，用于检测所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流；
    所述控制单元还用于根据所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出第二控制信号，控制所述第二开关单元的导通或关断，来调整所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述第二控制信号包括：PWM信号和PFM信号；所述控制单元用于根据所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，来调整所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，以使所述第一级变换电路的输出电压等于预设的参考电压。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述电容包括下述电容中的至少一种：薄膜电容、多层陶瓷电容、贴片电容或电解电容。
  14. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述第一级变换电路包括：图腾柱boost电路。
  15. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述第一级变换电路包括：整流电路和boost电路。
  16. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电源提供装置，其特征在于，所述第二级变换电路包括：LLC谐振变换器。
  17. 一种充电控制方法，应用于电源提供装置，其特征在于，包括：
    通过第一级变换电路将接收到的交流电压转换为脉动直流电压，所述脉动直流电压的电压值高于所述交流电压的电压值；以及
    通过第二级变换电路对所述脉动直流电压进行变换，输出恒定直流电压。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一级变换电路包括至少一个 滤波电容，所述滤波电容的容量小于预设值。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    检测所述第二级变换电路中的变压单元的输出电压和/或输出电流；
    根据所述变压单元的输出电压和/或输出电流，通过输出控制信号，控制所述第二级变换电路中的第一开关单元的导通或关断，调整所述变压单元的输出电压，从而调整所述恒定直流电压的电压值。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制信号包括：PWM信号和PFM信号；根据所述变压单元的输出电压和/或输出电流，通过输出控制信号，控制所述第二级变换电路中的第一开关单元的导通或关断，调整所述变压单元的输出电压，包括：
    根据所述变压单元的输出电压值和/或电流值，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述变压单元的输出电压值和/或电流值，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压，包括：
    根据输出增益，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压；
    其中，所述输出增益为所述变压单元的输出电压与所述变压单元的输入电压的比值，或者，所述输出增益为所述第二级变换电路的输出电压与所述第一级变换电路的输出电压的比值。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述变压单元的输出电压值和/或电流值，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压，包括：
    在第一充电阶段，输出所述PWM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压；以及
    在第二充电阶段，输出所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压；
    其中，所述电源提供装置在所述第一充电阶段的输出电压低于在所述第二充电阶段的输出电压。
  23. 根据权利那要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述变压单元的输出电压值和/或电流值，输出所述PWM信号或所述PFM信号，以调整所述变压单元的输出电压，包括：
    当所述变压单元的输出电压小于预设的第一电压阈值，和/或所述变压单元的输出电流小于预设的第一电流阈值时，输出所述PWM信号，来调整所述变压单元的输出电压；
    当所述变压单元的输出电压大于或等于所述第一电压阈值，和/或所述变压单元的输出电流大于或等于所述第一电流阈值时，输出所述PFM信号，来调整所述变压单元的输出电压。
  24. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    检测所述电源提供装置的输出电压和/或输出电流；
    根据所述电源提供装置的输出电压和/或输出电流，通过输出控制信号，控制所述第二级变换电路中的第一开关单元的导通或关断，调整所述第二级变换电路中的变压单元的输出电压，从而调整所述恒定直流电压的电压值。
  25. 根据权利要求19-24任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收与所述电源提供装置连接的待充电设备的反馈信息；以及
    根据所述反馈信息，控制所述第一开关单元的控制信号，来调整所述电源提供装置的输出电压和/或输出电流。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的方法，其特征在于，所述反馈信息包括：所述待充电设备期望的充电电压和/或充电电流，或者，所述待充电设备基于期望的充电电压和/或充电电流生成的调整指令。
  27. 根据权利要求19-24任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    检测所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流；以及
    根据所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出第二控制信号，控制所述第一级变换电路中的第二开关单元的导通或关断，来调整所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流。
  28. 根据权利要求27述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二控制信号包括：PWM信号和PFM信号；根据所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出第二控制信号，控制所述第二开关单元的导通或关断，来调整所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，包括：
    根据所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，输出PWM信号或PFM信号，来调整所述第一级变换电路的输出电压和/或输出电流，以使所述第一级变换电路的输出电压等于预设的参考电压。
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