WO2021128458A1 - 燃料电池堆、双极板及气体扩散层 - Google Patents

燃料电池堆、双极板及气体扩散层 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021128458A1
WO2021128458A1 PCT/CN2020/070452 CN2020070452W WO2021128458A1 WO 2021128458 A1 WO2021128458 A1 WO 2021128458A1 CN 2020070452 W CN2020070452 W CN 2020070452W WO 2021128458 A1 WO2021128458 A1 WO 2021128458A1
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Prior art keywords
flow channel
bipolar plate
graphite bipolar
cathode
fuel cell
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PCT/CN2020/070452
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐领
李建秋
徐梁飞
胡尊严
刘慧泽
王志娜
欧阳明高
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清华大学
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Application filed by 清华大学 filed Critical 清华大学
Priority to US17/340,331 priority Critical patent/US20210296661A1/en
Publication of WO2021128458A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021128458A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0213—Gas-impermeable carbon-containing materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of new energy, and in particular to a fuel cell stack, a bipolar plate and a gas diffusion layer.
  • Fuel cell is an energy conversion device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It has the characteristics of high efficiency, low noise, and environmental friendliness. It has huge development potential and application prospects.
  • the three main components that make up a fuel cell are membrane electrodes, bipolar plates and gas diffusion layers.
  • the membrane electrode is composed of a proton exchange membrane and a catalyst layer on both sides.
  • the catalyst layer is the place where the electrochemical reaction proceeds.
  • the hydrogen gas undergoes an oxidation reaction in the anode catalyst layer.
  • Oxygen undergoes a reduction reaction in the cathode catalyst layer and simultaneously generates water.
  • Bipolar plates are generally made of metal or graphite.
  • fuel cells have not yet been commercialized, and the power density and durability of fuel cells are key limiting factors.
  • the metal bipolar plate fuel cell has high power density but poor durability; the graphite bipolar plate has excellent durability, but the power density is low. Therefore, how to improve the performance of the fuel cell is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • a fuel cell stack includes a plurality of first graphite bipolar plates, a plurality of second graphite bipolar plates and a plurality of reaction units arranged in sequence.
  • the first graphite bipolar plate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. An air flow channel is opened on the first surface. The second surface is provided with a hydrogen flow channel. A cooling channel is opened between the first surface and the second surface. At least one second graphite bipolar plate is arranged between two adjacent first graphite bipolar plates.
  • the second graphite bipolar plate includes opposite third and fourth surfaces. The air flow channel is opened on the third surface. The hydrogen flow channel is opened on the fourth surface.
  • the air openings of the air flow channels of any bipolar plate and the hydrogen openings of the hydrogen flow channels of the adjacent bipolar plates are relatively spaced apart.
  • One reaction unit is arranged between any two adjacent bipolar plates.
  • each of the first graphite bipolar plates includes a cathode plate and an anode plate.
  • the cathode plate includes a first cathode surface and a second cathode surface opposed to each other.
  • the air flow channel is opened on the surface of the first cathode.
  • the first cathode surface is the first surface.
  • the anode plate includes a first anode surface and a second anode surface that are oppositely disposed.
  • the cooling channel is provided on the surface of the first anode.
  • the second anode surface is the second surface.
  • the hydrogen flow channel is opened on the surface of the second anode.
  • the first anode surface is arranged on the second cathode surface.
  • the cooling flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • a laser engraving method is used to open the air flow channel, the hydrogen flow channel, or the cooling flow channel.
  • a high-energy laser is used to process the air flow channel, the hydrogen flow channel, or the cooling flow channel on the surface of the graphite bipolar plate blank to obtain the first graphite bipolar plate or the second graphite bipolar plate.
  • Graphite bipolar plate is used to process the air flow channel, the hydrogen flow channel, or the cooling flow channel on the surface of the graphite bipolar plate blank to obtain the first graphite bipolar plate or the second graphite bipolar plate.
  • the graphite bipolar plate blank is a molded flexible graphite substrate.
  • each of the reaction units includes two gas diffusion layers and membrane electrodes arranged opposite to each other.
  • the membrane electrode is arranged between the two gas diffusion layers.
  • the thickness of the gas diffusion layer is less than 0.2 mm.
  • the width of the air flow channel, the hydrogen flow channel, or the cooling flow channel is less than 0.6 mm.
  • a ridge is formed between two adjacent flow channels, and the width of the ridge is less than 0.6 mm.
  • the thickness of the first graphite bipolar plate and the second graphite bipolar plate does not exceed 2 mm.
  • the thickness of the bottom of the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel does not exceed 0.5 mm.
  • a graphite bipolar plate includes flow channels.
  • the width of the flow channel is less than 0.6 mm.
  • a ridge is formed between two adjacent flow channels, and the width of the ridge is less than 0.6 mm.
  • the bottom thickness of the flow channel does not exceed 0.5 mm.
  • the graphite bipolar plate includes a cathode plate and an anode plate.
  • the cathode plate includes a first cathode surface and a second cathode surface disposed oppositely.
  • An air flow channel is provided on the surface of the first cathode.
  • the anode plate includes a first anode surface and a second anode surface that are oppositely disposed.
  • a cooling channel is provided on the surface of the first anode.
  • a hydrogen flow channel is provided on the surface of the second anode.
  • the first anode surface is arranged on the second cathode surface.
  • the graphite bipolar plate includes a cathode plate and an anode plate.
  • the cathode plate includes a first cathode surface and a second cathode surface disposed oppositely.
  • An air flow channel is provided on the surface of the first cathode.
  • a cooling channel is provided on the surface of the second cathode.
  • the anode plate includes a first anode surface and a second anode surface that are oppositely disposed.
  • a hydrogen flow channel is provided on the surface of the second anode.
  • the first anode surface is arranged on the second cathode surface.
  • a high-energy laser is used to process the air flow channel, the hydrogen flow channel or the cooling flow channel on the surface of the graphite bipolar plate blank to obtain the graphite bipolar plate.
  • the graphite bipolar plate blank is a molded flexible graphite substrate.
  • a gas diffusion layer, the thickness of the gas diffusion layer is less than 0.2 mm.
  • the fuel cell stack provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of first graphite bipolar plates, a plurality of second graphite bipolar plates and a plurality of reaction units arranged in sequence.
  • the first graphite bipolar plate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. An air flow channel is opened on the first surface. A hydrogen flow channel is opened on the second surface. A cooling channel is opened between the first surface and the second surface.
  • At least one second graphite bipolar plate is arranged between two adjacent first graphite bipolar plates.
  • the second graphite bipolar plate includes a third surface and a fourth surface. An air flow channel is provided on the third surface, and a hydrogen flow channel is provided on the fourth surface.
  • the opening of the air flow channel of any bipolar plate and the opening of the hydrogen flow channel of the adjacent bipolar plate are relatively spaced apart.
  • One reaction unit is arranged between any two adjacent bipolar plates.
  • the thickness of the first graphite bipolar plate and the second graphite bipolar plate is reduced.
  • Two adjacent graphite bipolar plates and one reaction unit form a single fuel cell.
  • the volume and thermal conductivity of the fuel cell monolith are reduced.
  • the two adjacent first graphite bipolar plates are the second graphite bipolar plates in the middle for cooling, which can ensure a good heat dissipation effect.
  • the thickness of the second bipolar plate is 40% smaller than the thickness of the first bipolar plate. In a unit volume, the number of the fuel cell monoliths increases, and the electric energy output increases. The power density of the fuel cell stack is increased, thereby improving the performance of the fuel cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the fuel cell stack provided in some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the fuel cell stack provided in some other embodiments of the disclosure.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of gas diffusion provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a performance test diagram of a dense flow field battery cell provided in some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the first graphite bipolar plate 20 The first graphite bipolar plate 20
  • the present disclosure provides a fuel cell stack 10, which is suitable for the fuel cell stack 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the fuel cell stack 10 includes a plurality of first graphite bipolar plates 20, a plurality of second graphite bipolar plates 30 and a plurality of reaction units 40 arranged in sequence.
  • the first graphite bipolar plate 20 includes a first surface 201 and a second surface 202 opposite to each other.
  • the first surface 201 defines an air flow channel 101.
  • the second surface 202 defines a hydrogen flow channel 102.
  • a cooling channel 103 is opened between the first surface 201 and the second surface 202.
  • At least one second graphite bipolar plate 30 is arranged between two adjacent first graphite bipolar plates 20.
  • the second graphite bipolar plate 30 includes a third surface 301 and a fourth surface 302 opposite to each other.
  • the third surface 301 defines the air flow channel 101.
  • the fourth surface 302 defines the hydrogen flow channel 102.
  • the air opening 111 of the air flow channel 101 of any bipolar plate and the hydrogen opening 112 of the hydrogen flow channel 102 of the adjacent bipolar plate are arranged oppositely and spaced apart.
  • One reaction unit 40 is arranged between any two adjacent bipolar plates.
  • the thickness of the first graphite bipolar plate 20 and the second graphite bipolar plate 30 in the fuel cell stack 10 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is reduced.
  • Two adjacent bipolar plates and one reaction unit 40 form a single fuel cell.
  • the volume and thermal conductivity of the fuel cell monolith are reduced.
  • the two adjacent first graphite bipolar plates 20 are the second graphite bipolar plates 30 in the middle to cool down, which can ensure a good heat dissipation effect.
  • the thickness of the second bipolar plate is 40% smaller than the thickness of the first bipolar plate. In a unit volume, the number of the fuel cell monoliths increases, and the electric energy output increases. The power density of the fuel cell stack 10 is increased, thereby improving the performance of the fuel cell.
  • Power density refers to the ratio of the rated power or maximum power of the fuel cell to the volume or mass of the fuel cell, so there are two types of volume power density and mass power density.
  • the power density mentioned in this patent refers to the volume power density. In general, as the volume power density increases, the mass power density will increase accordingly.
  • the metal bipolar plate will precipitate metal ions during use, corrode the proton exchange membrane, and seriously reduce the service life of the fuel cell.
  • the first graphite bipolar plate 20 and the second graphite bipolar plate 30 both use graphite materials.
  • the graphite bipolar plate will not precipitate metal ions, will not affect the proton exchange membrane, and is durable.
  • the air opening 111 of the air flow channel 101 of the first graphite bipolar plate 20 and the second graphite bipolar plate 20 are adjacent to each other.
  • the hydrogen openings 112 of the hydrogen flow channel 102 of the electrode plate 30 are relatively spaced apart.
  • a reaction unit 40 is provided between the first graphite bipolar plate 20 and the second graphite bipolar plate 30.
  • the air opening 111 of the air flow channel 101 of one second graphite bipolar plate 30 is opposite to that of the other second graphite bipolar plate 30.
  • the hydrogen openings 112 of the hydrogen flow channel 102 are relatively spaced apart.
  • One reaction unit 40 is arranged between the two second graphite bipolar plates 30.
  • the hydrogen flow channel 102 is used to circulate hydrogen.
  • the air flow channel 101 is used to circulate air.
  • the cooling channel 103 is used to circulate a cooling medium.
  • the reaction unit 40 is used to complete the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to generate electrical energy.
  • the electrochemical reaction generates electric energy and also releases heat, and the bipolar plate and the reaction unit in the fuel cell stack 10 heat up.
  • the cooling medium is used for cooling the bipolar plate and the reaction unit.
  • each of the first graphite bipolar plates 20 includes a cathode plate 210 and an anode plate 220.
  • the cathode plate 210 includes a first cathode surface and a second cathode surface 212 opposite to each other.
  • the air flow channel 101 is opened on the surface of the first cathode.
  • the first cathode surface is the first surface 201.
  • the anode plate 220 includes a first anode surface 221 and a second anode surface disposed opposite to each other.
  • the first anode surface 221 defines the cooling channel 103.
  • the second anode surface is the second surface 202.
  • the hydrogen flow channel 102 is opened on the surface of the second anode.
  • the first anode surface 221 is disposed on the second cathode surface 212.
  • each of the first graphite bipolar plates 20 includes a cathode plate 210 and an anode plate 220.
  • the cathode plate 210 includes a first cathode surface and a second cathode surface 212 opposite to each other.
  • the air flow channel 101 is opened on the surface of the first cathode.
  • the first cathode surface is the first surface 201.
  • the second cathode surface 212 defines the cooling channel 103.
  • the anode plate 220 includes a first anode surface 221 and a second anode surface disposed opposite to each other.
  • the second anode surface is the second surface 202.
  • the hydrogen flow channel 102 is opened on the surface of the second anode.
  • the first anode surface 221 is disposed on the second cathode surface 212.
  • the cooling flow channel 103 and the hydrogen flow channel 102 are arranged in a staggered manner, which improves the cooling efficiency of the cooling medium to the ridge between the flow channels.
  • cooling flow channel 103 and the hydrogen flow channel 102 are arranged opposite to each other.
  • a laser engraving method is used to open the air flow channel 101, the hydrogen flow channel 102, or the cooling flow channel 103.
  • a high-energy laser is used to process the air flow channel 101, the hydrogen flow channel 102, or the cooling flow channel 103 on the surface of the graphite bipolar plate blank to obtain the first graphite bipolar plate 20 or The second graphite bipolar plate 30.
  • the high-energy laser includes nanosecond, picosecond or femtosecond laser.
  • the high-energy laser processing does not generate mechanical stress and will not cause processing defects at the bottom of the flow channel. Therefore, the thickness of the bottom of the flow channel can be reduced from the 1 mm level of the traditional graphite bipolar plate to 0.6 mm, or even thinner.
  • the graphite bipolar plate blank is a molded flexible graphite substrate.
  • the molded flexible graphite substrate includes a rough machining flow channel.
  • the rough machining flow channel is finely engraved by a high-energy laser, and the bottom thickness of the flow channel is reduced to 0.2mm, thereby significantly reducing the thickness of the graphite bipolar plate.
  • the reduction in the thickness of the bipolar plate reduces the volume of the fuel cell on the one hand, and also reduces the electron transfer impedance and polarization loss of the bipolar plate, thereby increasing the power density of the fuel cell stack, and thus Improve the performance of the fuel cell.
  • the bottom thickness H of the air flow channel 101 and the hydrogen flow channel 102 does not exceed 0.5 mm, so that the air flow channel 101 and the hydrogen flow channel 102 are located
  • the first graphite bipolar plate 20 and the plurality of second graphite bipolar plates 30 are all ultra-thin bipolar plates.
  • At least one second graphite bipolar plate 30 is arranged between two adjacent first graphite bipolar plates 20 to form an interval cooling structure.
  • the thickness of a single graphite bipolar plate fuel cell is relatively thick. If the interval cooling structure is adopted, the bipolar plates without cooling channels are far away from the cooling medium. Since the thermal resistance is proportional to the heat conduction distance, the heat of the bipolar plate without the cooling channel is not easily taken away by the cooling medium. The accumulation of heat generates local high temperatures, which reduces the performance and life of the fuel cell. Therefore, interval cooling cannot be used before the bipolar plate is thinned.
  • the thickness of the first graphite bipolar plate 20 and the second graphite bipolar plate 30 does not exceed 2 mm.
  • the thickness of the fuel cell monolith is reduced overall. Even if the interval cooling is adopted, the distance between the second graphite bipolar plate 30 without a cooling channel and the cooling medium is small. The heat of the second graphite bipolar plate 30 is enough to be taken away by the cooling medium, and the above-mentioned local high temperature problem will not occur.
  • a high-energy laser is used to process the graphite bipolar plate blank.
  • the high-energy laser plasmaizes the graphite material at the runner position to realize the engraving of the runner.
  • the diameter of the spot at the focal point of the high-energy laser is only tens to tens of microns, which can process very fine flow channels.
  • High-energy laser processing has low thermal effect, no mechanical stress, and will not cause damage to the spine and the bottom of the runner.
  • the precision of the high-energy laser is extremely high, up to a few microns, which meets the high requirements for processing precision in the dense flow field.
  • High-energy lasers are flexible and highly automated, and can automatically process various complex flow fields.
  • the width of the air flow channel 101, the hydrogen flow channel 102, or the cooling flow channel 103 is less than 0.6 mm.
  • a ridge 104 is formed between two adjacent flow channels, and the width of the ridge 104 is less than 0.6 mm.
  • the width of the air flow channel 101, the hydrogen flow channel 102 or the cooling flow channel 103 and the width of the ridge 104 are small, so that the first graphite bipolar plate 20 and the A dense flow field is formed on the surface of the second graphite bipolar plate 30, which improves the power density of the fuel cell stack 10, thereby improving the performance of the fuel cell.
  • each of the reaction units 40 includes two gas diffusion layers 410 and a membrane electrode 420 that are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the membrane electrode 420 is arranged between the two gas diffusion layers 410.
  • the membrane electrode 420 is composed of a proton exchange membrane and catalyst layers on both sides thereof.
  • the catalyst layer is the place where the electrochemical reaction proceeds.
  • the hydrogen gas undergoes an oxidation reaction in the anode catalyst layer.
  • Oxygen undergoes a reduction reaction in the cathode catalyst layer and simultaneously generates water.
  • the gas diffusion layer is a porous medium with many micropores inside, and the reactants in the flow channel diffuse through these pores to the catalyst layer.
  • the water generated in the catalyst layer is also discharged into the flow channel through these pores.
  • the function of the gas diffusion layer is to ensure the uniformity of the gas distribution and increase the reaction area to improve the reaction efficiency.
  • the gas mainly diffuses in the direction perpendicular to the gas diffusion layer, and at the same time, a part of the gas diffuses parallel to the gas diffusion layer.
  • the gas diffusion from the flow channel to the catalyst layer below the spine depends on parallel diffusion.
  • the spine is wider.
  • it is necessary to increase the time for the gas to diffuse in parallel in the gas diffusion layer which in turn needs to increase the thickness of the gas diffusion layer.
  • the thicker the gas diffusion layer the greater the resistance to the mass transfer of the reactants, which will reduce the concentration of the reactants in the catalyst layer and affect the performance of the fuel cell.
  • the thickness of the gas diffusion layer 410 is less than 0.2 mm. Since the plurality of first graphite bipolar plates 20 and the plurality of second graphite bipolar plates 30 all adopt dense flow channels, the width of the spine is reduced. The parallel diffusion distance of the gas in the gas diffusion layer 410 is reduced, and the thickness of the gas diffusion layer 410 is less than 0.2 mm to meet the gas uniformity requirement.
  • FIG. 4 Please refer to FIG. 4 together.
  • the higher than 200mV is enough to show that the power density of the dense flow field monomer is increased compared with the traditional flow field monomer, thereby improving the performance of the fuel cell. This is only the performance improvement brought about by the use of a dense flow field in the bipolar plate. If the battery stack further uses ultra-thin bipolar plates and ultra-thin gas diffusion layers, the mass transfer resistance and ohmic resistance will be further reduced, so that the polarization loss will be further reduced and the performance will be further improved.
  • the average monolithic thickness is obtained after weighted average according to the ratio of the two bipolar plates.
  • the average monolithic thickness thickness of the reaction unit+thickness of the first bipolar plate/2+thickness of the second bipolar plate/2.
  • the average monolithic thickness thickness of the reaction unit+thickness of the first bipolar plate/3+thickness of the second bipolar plate ⁇ 2/3.
  • the average monolithic thickness ⁇ the number of monoliths is the total thickness of the fuel cell stack, which is convenient for comparison with the thickness of existing fuel cell monoliths.
  • the fuel cell stack 10 adopts the first graphite bipolar plate 20 with a dense flow channel and a thinner bottom of the flow channel and an ultra-thin gas diffusion layer 410, which increases the power density and improves the performance of the fuel cell.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a graphite bipolar plate including a flow channel.
  • a ridge is formed between two adjacent flow channels.
  • the width of the flow channel is less than 0.6 mm.
  • the width of the ridge 104 is less than 0.6 mm.
  • the graphite bipolar plate includes a cathode plate 210 and an anode plate 220.
  • the cathode plate 210 includes a first cathode surface and a second cathode surface 212 opposite to each other.
  • the air flow channel 101 is opened on the surface of the first cathode.
  • the first cathode surface is the first surface 201.
  • the anode plate 220 includes a first anode surface 221 and a second anode surface disposed opposite to each other.
  • the first anode surface 221 defines the cooling channel 103.
  • the second anode surface is the second surface 202.
  • the hydrogen flow channel 102 is opened on the surface of the second anode.
  • the first anode surface 221 is disposed on the second cathode surface 212.
  • the graphite bipolar plate includes a cathode plate 210 and an anode plate 220.
  • the cathode plate 210 includes a first cathode surface and a second cathode surface 212 opposite to each other.
  • the air flow channel 101 is opened on the surface of the first cathode.
  • the first cathode surface is the first surface 201.
  • the second cathode surface 212 defines the cooling channel 103.
  • the anode plate 220 includes a first anode surface 221 and a second anode surface disposed opposite to each other.
  • the second anode surface is the second surface 202.
  • the hydrogen flow channel 102 is opened on the surface of the second anode.
  • the first anode surface 221 is disposed on the second cathode surface 212.
  • the bottom thickness H of the air flow channel 101 and the hydrogen flow channel 102 does not exceed 0.5 mm, so that the graphite double where the air flow channel 101 and the hydrogen flow channel 102 are located
  • the pole plate is an ultra-thin bipolar plate.
  • a high-energy laser is used to process the air flow channel 101, the hydrogen flow channel 102, or the cooling flow channel 103 on the surface of the graphite bipolar plate blank to obtain the graphite bipolar plate.
  • the high-energy laser includes nanosecond, picosecond or femtosecond laser.
  • the high-energy laser processing does not generate mechanical stress and will not cause processing defects at the bottom of the flow channel. Therefore, the thickness of the bottom of the flow channel can be reduced from the 1 mm level of the traditional graphite bipolar plate to 0.6 mm, or even thinner.
  • the graphite bipolar plate blank is a molded flexible graphite substrate.
  • the molded flexible graphite substrate includes a rough machining flow channel.
  • the rough machining flow channel is finely engraved by a high-energy laser, and the bottom thickness of the flow channel is reduced to 0.2mm, thereby significantly reducing the thickness of the graphite bipolar plate.
  • the reduction in the thickness of the bipolar plate reduces the volume of the fuel cell on the one hand, and also reduces the electron transfer impedance and polarization loss of the bipolar plate, thereby increasing the power density of the fuel cell stack, and thus Improve the performance of the fuel cell.
  • the bottom thickness H of the flow channel does not exceed 0.5 mm.
  • the volume of the graphite bipolar plate is reduced.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a gas diffusion layer 410, the thickness of the gas diffusion layer 410 is less than 0.2 mm, which is applied to the fuel cell stack, so that the volume of the fuel cell stack is reduced.

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Abstract

一种燃料电池堆(10)、双极板(20，30)及气体扩散层(410)。燃料电池堆(10)包括顺次排布的多个第一石墨双极板(20)、多个第二石墨双极板(30)和多个反应单元(40)。第一石墨双极板(20)包括空气流道(101)、氢气流道(102)和冷却流道(103)。相邻的两个第一石墨双极板(20)之间设置至少一个第二石墨双极板(30)。第二石墨双极板(30)包括空气流道(101)和氢气流道(102)。任意两个相邻的双极板(20，30)之间设置一个反应单元(40)。相邻的两个第一石墨双极板(20)为中间的第二石墨双极板(30)降温冷却。第二石墨双极板(30)不设置冷却流道(103)，厚度比有冷却流道的双极板降低40％，即进一步减薄。单位体积内，燃料电池单片的数量增大，电能产量增加。燃料电池堆(10)的功率密度增大，进而提高了燃料电池的性能。

Description

燃料电池堆、双极板及气体扩散层
相关申请
本公开要求2019年12月23日申请的，申请号为201911337875.X，名称为“燃料电池堆、双极板及气体扩散层”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及新能源技术领域，特别是涉及一种燃料电池堆、双极板及气体扩散层。
背景技术
燃料电池是一种将化学能直接转化为电能的能量转换装置，具有高效率、低噪声、环境友好等特点，拥有巨大的发展潜力和应用前景。组成燃料电池的三个主要部件为膜电极、双极板和气体扩散层。
膜电极由质子交换膜及其两侧的催化剂层组成。催化剂层是电化学反应进行的场所。氢气在阳极催化剂层发生氧化反应。氧气在阴极催化剂层发生还原反应同时生成水。双极板一般采用金属或石墨制成。目前燃料电池尚未实现商业化，燃料电池的功率密度和耐久性是关键的限制因素。金属双极板燃料电池功率密度高，但耐久性差；石墨双极板耐久性优良，但功率密度偏低。因此，怎样才能提高燃料电池的性能是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对怎样才能提高燃料电池的性能的问题，提供一种燃料电池堆、双极板及气体扩散层。以增大燃料电池堆的功率密度，提高燃料电池的性能。
一种燃料电池堆包括顺次排布的多个第一石墨双极板、多个第二石墨双极板和多个反应单元。所述第一石墨双极板包括相对的第一表面和第二表面。所述第一表面开设空气流道。所述第二表面开设氢气流道。所述第一表面和所述第二表面之间开设冷却流道。相邻的两个所述第一石墨双极板之间设置至少一个所述第二石墨双极板。所述第二石墨双极板包括相对的第三表面和第四表面。所述第三表面开设所述空气流道。所述第四表面开设所述氢气流道。任意双极板的所述空气流道的空气开口与相邻的所述双极板的所述氢气流道的氢气开口相对间隔设置。任意两个相邻的双极板之间设置一个所述反应单元。
在一些实施例中，每个所述第一石墨双极板包括阴极板和阳极板。所述阴极板包括相 对设置的第一阴极表面和第二阴极表面。所述第一阴极表面开设所述空气流道。所述第一阴极表面即为所述第一表面。所述阳极板包括相对设置的第一阳极表面和第二阳极表面。所述第一阳极表面开设所述冷却流道。所述第二阳极表面即为所述第二表面。所述第二阳极表面开设所述氢气流道。所述第一阳极表面设置于所述第二阴极表面。
在一些实施例中，所述冷却流道与所述氢气流道错位设置。
在一些实施例中，采用激光雕刻法开设所述空气流道、所述氢气流道或所述冷却流道。
在一些实施例中，采用高能激光器在石墨双极板毛坯表面加工所述空气流道、所述氢气流道或所述冷却流道，以得到所述第一石墨双极板或所述第二石墨双极板。
在一些实施例中，所述石墨双极板毛坯为模压柔性石墨基板。
在一些实施例中，每个所述反应单元包括相对设置的两个气体扩散层和膜电极。所述膜电极设置于两个所述气体扩散层之间。
在一些实施例中，所述气体扩散层的厚度小于0.2mm。
在一些实施例中，所述空气流道、所述氢气流道或所述冷却流道的宽度小于0.6mm。
在一些实施例中，相邻的两个流道之间形成脊，所述脊的宽度小于0.6mm。
在一些实施例中，所述第一石墨双极板和所述第二石墨双极板的厚度均不超过2mm。
在一些实施例中，所述空气流道和所述氢气流道的底部厚度均不超过0.5mm。
一种石墨双极板包括流道。所述流道的宽度小于0.6mm。
在一些实施例中，相邻的两个流道之间形成脊，所述脊的宽度小于0.6mm。
在一些实施例中，所述流道的底部厚度不超过0.5mm。
在一些实施例中，所述石墨双极板包括阴极板和阳极板。所述阴极板包括相对设置的第一阴极表面和第二阴极表面。所述第一阴极表面开设空气流道。所述阳极板包括相对设置的第一阳极表面和第二阳极表面。所述第一阳极表面开设冷却流道。所述第二阳极表面开设氢气流道。所述第一阳极表面设置于所述第二阴极表面。
在一些实施例中，所述石墨双极板包括阴极板和阳极板。所述阴极板包括相对设置的第一阴极表面和第二阴极表面。所述第一阴极表面开设空气流道。所述第二阴极表面开设冷却流道。所述阳极板包括相对设置的第一阳极表面和第二阳极表面。所述第二阳极表面开设氢气流道。所述第一阳极表面设置于所述第二阴极表面。
在一些实施例中，采用高能激光器在石墨双极板毛坯表面加工所述空气流道、所述氢气流道或所述冷却流道，以得到所述石墨双极板。
在一些实施例中，所述石墨双极板毛坯为模压柔性石墨基板。
一种气体扩散层，所述气体扩散层的厚度小于0.2mm。
本公开实施例提供的所述燃料电池堆，包括顺次排布的多个第一石墨双极板、多个第二石墨双极板和多个反应单元。所述第一石墨双极板包括相对的第一表面和第二表面。所述第一表面开设空气流道。所述第二表面开设氢气流道。所述第一表面和所述第二表面之间开设冷却流道。相邻的两个所述第一石墨双极板之间设置至少一个所述第二石墨双极板。所述第二石墨双极板包括第三表面和第四表面。所述第三表面开设空气流道，所述第四表面开设氢气流道。任意双极板的所述空气流道的开口与相邻的所述双极板的所述氢气流道的开口相对间隔设置。任意两个相邻的双极板之间设置一个所述反应单元。
相对于现有技术，所述第一石墨双极板和所述第二石墨双极板的厚度减薄。两个相邻石墨双极板与一个所述反应单元形成一个燃料电池单片。所述燃料电池单片的体积和导热热阻减小。相邻的两个所述第一石墨双极板为中间的所述第二石墨双极板降温冷却，可以保证良好的散热效果。第二双极板厚度比第一双极板的厚度减小40％。单位体积内，所述燃料电池单片的数量增大，电能产量增加。所述燃料电池堆的功率密度增大，进而提高了燃料电池的性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或相关技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或相关技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据公开的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本公开一些实施例中提供的所述燃料电池堆的结构示意图；
图2为本公开另一些实施例中提供的所述燃料电池堆的结构示意图；
图3为本公开一些实施例中提供的气体扩散示意图；
图4为本公开一些实施例中提供的致密流场电池单体的性能测试图。
附图标记说明
燃料电池堆10
空气流道101
空气开口111
氢气流道102
氢气开口112
冷却流道103
脊104
第一石墨双极板20
阴极板210
第二阴极表面212
阳极板220
第一阳极表面221
第一表面201
第二表面202
第二石墨双极板30
第三表面301
第四表面302
反应单元40
底部厚度H
气体扩散层410
膜电极420
具体实施方式
为了使本公开的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下通过实施例，并结合附图，对本公开进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本公开，并不用于限定本公开。
本公开提供了一种燃料电池堆10，适用于如图1和图2所示的燃料电池堆10。所述燃料电池堆10包括顺次排布的多个第一石墨双极板20、多个第二石墨双极板30和多个反应单元40。所述第一石墨双极板20包括相对的第一表面201和第二表面202。所述第一表面201开设空气流道101。所述第二表面202开设氢气流道102。所述第一表面201和所述第二表面202之间开设冷却流道103。相邻的两个所述第一石墨双极板20之间设置至少一个所述第二石墨双极板30。所述第二石墨双极板30包括相对的第三表面301和第四表面302。所述第三表面301开设所述空气流道101。所述第四表面302开设所述氢气流道102。任意双极板的所述空气流道101的空气开口111与相邻的所述双极板的所述氢气流道102的氢气开口112相对间隔设置。任意两个相邻的双极板之间设置一个所述反应单元40。
本公开实施例提供的所述燃料电池堆10中所述第一石墨双极板20和所述第二石墨双 极板30的厚度减薄。两个所述相邻双极板与一个所述反应单元40形成一个燃料电池单片。所述燃料电池单片的体积和导热热阻减小。相邻的两个所述第一石墨双极板20为中间的所述第二石墨双极板30降温冷却，可以保证良好的散热效果。第二双极板厚度比第一双极板的厚度减小40％。单位体积内，所述燃料电池单片的数量增大，电能产量增加。所述燃料电池堆10的功率密度增大，进而提高了燃料电池的性能。
功率密度是指燃料电池的额定功率或最大功率与燃料电池的体积或质量之比，由此就有体积功率密度和质量功率密度两种。本专利中提到的功率密度指体积功率密度。一般情况下，体积功率密度增大，质量功率密度相应也会增大。
现有技术中，金属双极板在使用过程中会析出金属离子，腐蚀质子交换膜，严重降低燃料电池的使用寿命。本公开中所述第一石墨双极板20和所述第二石墨双极板30均采用石墨材料。石墨双极板不会析出金属离子，不会对质子交换膜造成影响，经久耐用。
所述第一石墨双极板20与所述第二石墨双极板30相邻时，所述第一石墨双极板20的所述空气流道101的空气开口111与所述第二石墨双极板30的所述氢气流道102的氢气开口112相对间隔设置。所述第一石墨双极板20与所述第二石墨双极板30之间设置一个所述反应单元40。
两个所述第二石墨双极板30相邻时，一个所述第二石墨双极板30的所述空气流道101的空气开口111与另一个所述第二石墨双极板30的所述氢气流道102的氢气开口112相对间隔设置。两个所述第二石墨双极板30之间设置一个所述反应单元40。
所述氢气流道102用于流通氢气。所述空气流道101用于流通空气。所述冷却流道103用于流通冷却介质。
所述反应单元40用于完成氢气与氧气的电化学反应，产生电能。电化学反应产生电能的同时也会放热，所述燃料电池堆10中的所述双极板和反应单元升温。所述冷却介质用于为所述双极板和所述反应单元降温。
在一些实施例中，每个所述第一石墨双极板20包括阴极板210和阳极板220。所述阴极板210包括相对设置的第一阴极表面和第二阴极表面212。所述第一阴极表面开设所述空气流道101。所述第一阴极表面即为所述第一表面201。所述阳极板220包括相对设置的第一阳极表面221和第二阳极表面。所述第一阳极表面221开设所述冷却流道103。所述第二阳极表面即为所述第二表面202。所述第二阳极表面开设所述氢气流道102。所述第一阳极表面221设置于所述第二阴极表面212。
在一些实施例中，每个所述第一石墨双极板20包括阴极板210和阳极板220。所述阴极板210包括相对设置的第一阴极表面和第二阴极表面212。所述第一阴极表面开设所述 空气流道101。所述第一阴极表面即为所述第一表面201。所述第二阴极表面212开设所述冷却流道103。所述阳极板220包括相对设置的第一阳极表面221和第二阳极表面。所述第二阳极表面即为所述第二表面202。所述第二阳极表面开设所述氢气流道102。所述第一阳极表面221设置于所述第二阴极表面212。
在一些实施例中，所述冷却流道103与所述氢气流道102错位设置，提高了冷却介质对流道之间的脊的冷却效率。
在一些实施例中，所述冷却流道103与所述氢气流道102相对设置。
在一些实施例中，采用激光雕刻法开设所述空气流道101、所述氢气流道102或所述冷却流道103。
在一些实施例中，采用高能激光器在石墨双极板毛坯表面加工所述空气流道101、所述氢气流道102或所述冷却流道103，以得到所述第一石墨双极板20或所述第二石墨双极板30。
所述高能激光器包括纳秒、皮秒或飞秒激光器。所述高能激光器加工不产生机械应力，不会在流道底部造成加工缺陷，因此流道底部的厚度可以由传统石墨双极板的1mm水平降低到0.6mm，甚至更薄。
在一些实施例中，所述石墨双极板毛坯为模压柔性石墨基板。所述模压柔性石墨基板包括粗加工流道。通过高能激光器对粗加工流道进行精细雕刻，流道底部厚度降低到0.2mm，从而显著降低石墨双极板的厚度。双极板厚度减小一方面使燃料电池的体积减小，另一方面也使双极板的电子传递阻抗减小、极化损失减小，从而提高了所述燃料电池堆的功率密度，进而提高了燃料电池的性能。
在一些实施例中，所述空气流道101和所述氢气流道102的底部厚度H均不超过0.5mm，以使所述空气流道101和所述氢气流道102所在的多个所述第一石墨双极板20、多个所述第二石墨双极板30均为超薄双极板。
相邻的两个所述第一石墨双极板20之间设置至少一个所述第二石墨双极板30，以形成间隔冷却结构。
现有技术中，石墨双极板燃料电池单片的厚度较厚。如果采用间隔冷却结构，没有冷却流道的双极板远离冷却介质。由于热阻与导热距离成正比，因此没有冷却流道的双极板的热量不容易被冷却介质带走。热量积累产生局部高温，降低了燃料电池的性能和寿命，因此在双极板减薄之前无法采用间隔冷却。
在一些实施例中，所述第一石墨双极板20和所述第二石墨双极板30的厚度均不超过2mm。
采用所述超薄双极板，燃料电池单片的厚度整体减小。即使采用间隔冷却，没有冷却流道的所述第二石墨双极板30与冷却介质距离较小。所述第二石墨双极板30的热量足够被冷却介质带走，也就不会产生上述的局部高温问题。
采用高能激光器加工所述石墨双极板毛坯。高能激光使流道位置的石墨材料等离子化，以实现流道的雕刻。高能激光焦点处的光斑直径仅为十几到数十微米，可以加工出极细的流道。高能激光加工热效应小、无机械应力产生，不会对脊背和流道底部造成损伤。高能激光的精度极高，可达几微米，满足致密流道场对加工精度的高要求。高能激光灵活且自动化程度高，可以全自动加工出各种复杂的流场。
在一些实施例中，所述空气流道101、所述氢气流道102或所述冷却流道103的宽度小于0.6mm。
在一些实施例中，相邻的两个流道之间形成脊104，所述脊104的宽度小于0.6mm。
上述实施例中，所述空气流道101、所述氢气流道102或所述冷却流道103的宽度以及所述脊104的宽度较小，使得所述第一石墨双极板20和所述第二石墨双极板30表面形成致密流场，提高了所述燃料电池堆10的功率密度，进而提高了燃料电池的性能。
请一并参见图3，在一些实施例中，每个所述反应单元40包括相对设置的两个气体扩散层410和膜电极420。所述膜电极420设置于两个所述气体扩散层410之间。
所述膜电极420由质子交换膜及其两侧的催化剂层组成。催化剂层是电化学反应进行的场所。氢气在阳极催化剂层发生氧化反应。氧气在阴极催化剂层发生还原反应同时生成水。
仅依靠流道不能保证气体均匀分配到催化剂层各处，因此在双极板和膜电极之间需要气体扩散层。气体扩散层是一层多孔介质，内部有很多微孔隙，流道内的反应物透过这些孔隙扩散到催化剂层。催化剂层生成的水也透过这些孔隙排出到流道中。气体扩散层的作用是保证配气的均匀性，增大反应面积，以提高反应效率。
气体主要沿垂直于气体扩散层的方向扩散，同时会有一部分气体平行于气体扩散层扩散。气体从流道扩散到脊背下方位置的催化剂层依靠平行扩散。对于传统的流道，由于加工工艺限制，脊背较宽。为了增大反应面积，需增加气体在气体扩散层中平行扩散的时间，进而需要增加气体扩散层的厚度。但越厚的气体扩散层对反应物传质阻力越大，会造成催化剂层反应物浓度降低，影响燃料电池性能。
在一些实施例中，所述气体扩散层410的厚度小于0.2mm。由于多个所述第一石墨双极板20和多个所述第二石墨双极板30均采用致密流道，脊背的宽度减小。气体在所述气体扩散层410的平行扩散距离减小，所述气体扩散层410的厚度小于0.2mm能够满足气体 均匀性的要求。
请一并参见图4，在一些实施例中，采用高能激光加工后的致密流场双极板组成的电池单片的性能测试实验。采用致密流场后，相同电流密度下燃料电池的极化损失减小、性能提升。我们对激光加工的致密流场单片进行了装堆测试。测试结果如图4所示，采用致密流场后，在1700mA/cm2的电流密度下，流道/脊背＝0.2mm/0.2mm的单片电压比流道/脊背＝1mm/1mm的单片电压高出200mV以上，足以说明致密流场单体与传统流场单体相比，功率密度增大，进而提高了燃料电池的性能。这仅仅是由双极板采用致密流场带来的性能提升。若电池堆进一步采用超薄双极板以及超薄气体扩散层，传质阻抗和欧姆阻抗会进一步减小，从而使极化损失进一步降低，性能进一步提升。
下表对采用本技术方案前后双极板的厚度进行了对比：
部件名称 采用本技术方案前 采用本技术方案后
第一石墨双极板 5mm 1mm
第二石墨双极板 - 0.6mm
气体扩散层 0.45mm 0.2mm
平均单片厚度 6mm 1.3mm
所述平均单片厚度是根据两种双极板的比例加权平均后得到的。
如果两个所述第一石墨双极板20之间间隔一个所述第二石墨双极板30，则所述第一石墨双极板20与所述第二石墨双极板30的数量之比为1：1，则：
所述平均单片厚度＝所述反应单元厚度+所述第一双极板厚度/2+所述第二双极板厚度/2。
如果两个所述第一石墨双极板20之间间隔两个所述第二石墨双极板30，则所述第一石墨双极板20与所述第二石墨双极板30的数量之比为1：2，则：
所述平均单片厚度＝所述反应单元厚度+所述第一双极板厚度/3+所述第二双极板厚度×2/3。
使得平均单片厚度×单片数量即为燃料电池电堆的总厚度，便于与现有燃料电池单片的厚度进行比较。
所述燃料电池堆10采用流道致密、流道底部减薄的所述第一石墨双极板20和超薄的气体扩散层410，增大了功率密度，提高了燃料电池的性能。
本公开实施例提供一种石墨双极板包括流道。相邻两个所述流道之间形成脊。所述流道的宽度小于0.6mm。所述脊104的宽度小于0.6mm。单位面积内，流道数量增加。
在一些实施例中，所述石墨双极板包括阴极板210和阳极板220。所述阴极板210包 括相对设置的第一阴极表面和第二阴极表面212。所述第一阴极表面开设所述空气流道101。所述第一阴极表面即为所述第一表面201。所述阳极板220包括相对设置的第一阳极表面221和第二阳极表面。所述第一阳极表面221开设所述冷却流道103。所述第二阳极表面即为所述第二表面202。所述第二阳极表面开设所述氢气流道102。所述第一阳极表面221设置于所述第二阴极表面212。
在一些实施例中，所述石墨双极板包括阴极板210和阳极板220。所述阴极板210包括相对设置的第一阴极表面和第二阴极表面212。所述第一阴极表面开设所述空气流道101。所述第一阴极表面即为所述第一表面201。所述第二阴极表面212开设所述冷却流道103。所述阳极板220包括相对设置的第一阳极表面221和第二阳极表面。所述第二阳极表面即为所述第二表面202。所述第二阳极表面开设所述氢气流道102。所述第一阳极表面221设置于所述第二阴极表面212。
在一些实施例中，所述空气流道101和所述氢气流道102的底部厚度H均不超过0.5mm，以使所述空气流道101和所述氢气流道102所在的所述石墨双极板为超薄双极板。
在一些实施例中，采用高能激光器在石墨双极板毛坯表面加工所述空气流道101、所述氢气流道102或所述冷却流道103，以得到所述石墨双极板。
所述高能激光器包括纳秒、皮秒或飞秒激光器。所述高能激光器加工不产生机械应力，不会在流道底部造成加工缺陷，因此流道底部的厚度可以由传统石墨双极板的1mm水平降低到0.6mm，甚至更薄。
在一些实施例中，所述石墨双极板毛坯为模压柔性石墨基板。所述模压柔性石墨基板包括粗加工流道。通过高能激光器对粗加工流道进行精细雕刻，流道底部厚度降低到0.2mm，从而显著降低石墨双极板的厚度。双极板厚度减小一方面使燃料电池的体积减小，另一方面也使双极板的电子传递阻抗减小、极化损失减小，从而提高了所述燃料电池堆的功率密度，进而提高了燃料电池的性能。
在一些实施例中，所述流道的底部厚度H均不超过0.5mm。所述石墨双极板的体积减薄。
本公开实施例提供一种气体扩散层410，所述气体扩散层410的厚度小于0.2mm，应用于所述燃料电池堆，使得所述燃料电池堆的体积减小。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本公开的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能 因此而理解为对公开专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本公开的保护范围。因此，本公开专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种燃料电池堆，其特征在于，包括：
    顺次排布的多个第一石墨双极板(20)，所述第一石墨双极板(20)包括相对的第一表面(201)和第二表面(202)，所述第一表面(201)开设空气流道(101)，所述第二表面(202)开设氢气流道(102)，所述第一表面(201)和所述第二表面(202)之间开设冷却流道(103)；
    多个第二石墨双极板(30)，相邻的两个所述第一石墨双极板(20)之间设置至少一个所述第二石墨双极板(30)，所述第二石墨双极板(30)包括相对的第三表面(301)和第四表面(302)，所述第三表面(301)开设所述空气流道(101)，所述第四表面(302)开设所述氢气流道(102)；
    任意双极板的所述空气流道(101)的空气开口(111)与相邻的所述双极板的所述氢气流道(102)的氢气开口(112)相对间隔设置；
    多个反应单元(40)，任意两个相邻的双极板之间设置一个所述反应单元(40)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池堆，其特征在于，每个所述第一石墨双极板(20)包括：
    阴极板(210)，所述阴极板(210)包括相对设置的第一阴极表面和第二阴极表面(212)，所述第一阴极表面开设所述空气流道(101)，所述第一阴极表面即为所述第一表面(201)；
    阳极板(220)，所述阳极板(220)包括相对设置的第一阳极表面(221)和第二阳极表面，所述第一阳极表面(221)开设所述冷却流道(103)，所述第二阳极表面即为所述第二表面(202)，所述第二阳极表面开设所述氢气流道(102)，所述第一阳极表面(221)设置于所述第二阴极表面(212)。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的燃料电池堆，其特征在于，所述冷却流道(103)与所述氢气流道(102)错位设置。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池堆，其特征在于，采用激光雕刻法开设所述空气流道(101)、所述氢气流道(102)或所述冷却流道(103)。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的燃料电池堆，其特征在于，采用高能激光器在石墨双极板毛坯表面加工所述空气流道(101)、所述氢气流道(102)或所述冷却流道(103)，以得到所述第一石墨双极板(20)或所述第二石墨双极板(30)。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的燃料电池堆，其特征在于，所述石墨双极板毛坯为模压柔性 石墨基板。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池堆，其特征在于，每个所述反应单元(40)包括：
    相对设置的两个气体扩散层(410)；
    膜电极(420)，设置于两个所述气体扩散层(410)之间。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的燃料电池堆，其特征在于，所述气体扩散层(410)的厚度小于0.2mm。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池堆，其特征在于，所述空气流道(101)、所述氢气流道(102)或所述冷却流道(103)的宽度小于0.6mm。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池堆，其特征在于，相邻的两个流道之间形成脊(104)，所述脊(104)的宽度小于0.6mm。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池堆，其特征在于，所述第一石墨双极板(20)和所述第二石墨双极板(30)的厚度均不超过2mm。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池堆，其特征在于，所述空气流道(101)和所述氢气流道(102)的底部厚度均不超过0.5mm。
  13. 一种石墨双极板，其特征在于，包括：
    流道，所述流道的宽度小于0.6mm。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的石墨双极板，其特征在于，相邻两个所述流道之间形成脊(104)，所述脊(104)的宽度小于0.6mm。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的石墨双极板，其特征在于，所述流道的底部厚度不超过0.5mm。
  16. 如权利要求13所述的石墨双极板，其特征在于，包括：
    阴极板(210)，所述阴极板(210)包括相对设置的第一阴极表面和第二阴极表面(212)，所述第一阴极表面开设空气流道(101)；
    阳极板(220)，所述阳极板(220)包括相对设置的第一阳极表面(221)和第二阳极表面，所述第一阳极表面(221)开设冷却流道(103)，所述第二阳极表面开设氢气流道(102)，所述第一阳极表面(221)设置于所述第二阴极表面(212)。
  17. 如权利要求13所述的石墨双极板，其特征在于，包括：
    阴极板(210)，所述阴极板(210)包括相对设置的第一阴极表面和第二阴极表面(212)，所述第一阴极表面开设空气流道(101)，所述第二阴极表面(212)开设冷却流道(103)；
    阳极板(220)，所述阳极板(220)包括相对设置的第一阳极表面(221)和第二阳极表面，所述第二阳极表面开设氢气流道(102)，所述第一阳极表面(221)设置于所述第 二阴极表面(212)。
  18. 如权利要求13所述的石墨双极板，其特征在于，采用高能激光器在石墨双极板毛坯表面加工所述空气流道(101)、所述氢气流道(102)或所述冷却流道(103)，以得到所述石墨双极板。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的石墨双极板，其特征在于，所述石墨双极板毛坯为模压柔性石墨基板。
  20. 一种气体扩散层，其特征在于，所述气体扩散层(410)的厚度小于0.2mm。
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