WO2021095430A1 - ボイラ - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- WO2021095430A1 WO2021095430A1 PCT/JP2020/038870 JP2020038870W WO2021095430A1 WO 2021095430 A1 WO2021095430 A1 WO 2021095430A1 JP 2020038870 W JP2020038870 W JP 2020038870W WO 2021095430 A1 WO2021095430 A1 WO 2021095430A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- gas
- boiler
- heating element
- container
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 130
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 4
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
- F22B1/282—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water or steam circulating in tubes or ducts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0026—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof of one single metal or a rare earth metal; Treatment thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/16—Materials undergoing chemical reactions when used
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
- F22B35/005—Control systems for instantaneous steam boilers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
- F22B35/06—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B35/10—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F23/00—Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B3/00—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F22B3/02—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass involving the use of working media other than water
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a boiler.
- boilers have been widely used for various purposes including industrial and commercial use.
- a heat generating means for heating a fluid such as water or a heat medium to be supplied is provided, and as one form of the heat generating means, a heating element is provided inside the container.
- a heating element in which a plurality of metal nanoparticles made of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy are formed on the surface is placed inside the container.
- a heating element in which a plurality of metal nanoparticles made of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy are formed on the surface is placed inside the container.
- Patent Document 1 as a heat generating system. According to Patent Document 1, in this heat generation system, it is described that hydrogen atoms are occluded in metal nanoparticles by supplying a hydrogen-based gas that contributes to heat generation into a container, and excessive heat is generated.
- Patent Document 1 As described in Patent Document 1, an exothermic reaction occurred by heating the inside of the container while supplying deuterium gas to the inside of the container by providing a heating element made of palladium inside the container. An announcement has been made. In addition, regarding the exothermic phenomenon that generates excess heat (output enthalpy higher than input enthalpy) using hydrogen storage metal or hydrogen storage alloy, the details of the mechanism of generating excess heat are being discussed among researchers in each country. , It has been reported that a heat generation phenomenon has occurred. In addition to Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2 is mentioned as a document relating to this technical field.
- the present invention heats the fluid by a heat generating means provided with a heating element inside the container, and the fluid is appropriately used according to various situations while efficiently utilizing the heat generated by the heating element. It is an object of the present invention to provide a boiler that can be heated to.
- the boiler according to the present invention includes a heating element and a container in which the heating element is provided and can be filled with a gas having a specific heat higher than that of air, and heats a fluid using the heat generated by the heating element.
- the boiler is configured to include a controller that controls the amount of heat generated by the heating element under the condition that the gas is supplied into the container.
- the fluid is heated by a heat generating means provided with a heating element inside the container, and the fluid is appropriately heated according to various situations while making it possible to efficiently use the heat generated by the heating element. It becomes possible to be done.
- the configuration may include a circulation path including the inside of the container as a path for circulating the gas.
- the gas is a hydrogen-based gas
- the heating element is provided with metal nanoparticles made of hydrogen storage metals on the surface thereof, and hydrogen atoms are contained in the metal nanoparticles. It may be configured as a reactant that is stored and generates excess heat.
- the hydrogen-based gas in the present application is a deuterium gas, a light hydrogen gas, or a mixed gas thereof.
- the "hydrogen storage metal" in the present application means a hydrogen storage metal such as Pd, Ni, Pt, Ti, or a hydrogen storage alloy containing one or more of these.
- the controller includes a heater for heating the reactant, and the controller controls the calorific value by adjusting the circulation amount of the gas in the circulation path or the temperature of the heater. It may be configured.
- the boiler is a boiler that supplies steam generated by heating water, which is the fluid, to the outside, and the controller has the calorific value based on the pressure of the steam supplied to the outside. It may be configured to control. According to this configuration, it becomes easy to control the calorific value of the heating element so as to optimize the steam pressure. More specifically, as the above configuration, it is a boiler that heats the heat medium which is the fluid and supplies it to the outside, and the controller controls the calorific value based on the temperature of the heated heat medium. It may be configured.
- the boiler includes a heat transfer tube that is heated by the heat generated by the heating element, and the water is heated by passing through the heat transfer tube.
- the heat transfer tube is the heating element. It may be configured so as to surround the. According to this configuration, the heat generated by the heating element can be transferred to the water to be heated very efficiently.
- the gas heated by the heating element or a heat medium heat-exchanged with the gas passes through the heating side and includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with water as the fluid, and the controller comprises the heat.
- the heat generation amount of the heating element may be adjusted based on the pressure of the steam supplied from the exchanger to the outside.
- the heat exchanger may be configured to be provided in the gas path of the circulation path, which is arranged in the container and the outside of the container.
- the fluid is heated by a heat generating means provided with a heating element inside the container, and the fluid can be used according to various situations while efficiently utilizing the heat generated by the heating element. It is possible to heat it appropriately.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the boiler 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the boiler 1 includes a container 11, a reactant 12, a heater 13, a gas path 14, a gas receiving section 15, a gas pump 16, a gas filter 17, a separator 21, a fluid path 22, a water receiving section 23, and a water pump. 24, a pressure sensor 25, and a controller 26.
- FIG. 1 The state of the container 11 and its inside in FIG. 1 (the same applies to FIGS. 4, 6, 7, and 8 described later) is a schematic cross section when the container 11 is cut so as to be roughly divided into two in the vertical direction. It is shown as a figure, and the vertical and horizontal directions (the vertical direction corresponds to the vertical direction) are as shown in this figure. Further, the alternate long and short dash line shown in FIG. 1 (also referred to as FIG. 4, FIG. 6 and FIG. 7) schematically shows the arrangement of the heat transfer tube 22a (also referred to as a water pipe).
- the heat transfer tube 22a also referred to as a water pipe
- the container 11 is formed in a cylindrical shape having bottoms at both upper and lower ends with the upper and lower sides as the axial direction as a whole, and is formed so as to be able to seal the gas inside. More specifically, the container 11 has a cylindrical side wall 11a formed by a heat transfer tube 22a described later, the upper side of the side wall 11a is closed by an upper bottom portion 11b, and the lower side of the side wall 11a is lower. It is closed by the bottom 11c.
- the side wall 11a of the container 11 has a cylindrical shape, but it may be formed in another cylindrical shape.
- the can body cover may be installed on the outer periphery of the side wall 11a, or a heat insulating material may be provided between the side wall 11a and the can body cover.
- the reactant 12 is configured by providing a large number of metal nanoparticles on the surface of a carrier which is formed in a fine mesh shape as a whole.
- a hydrogen storage alloy (hydrogen storage metal or hydrogen storage alloy) is applied to this carrier as a material, and it is formed in a cylindrical shape having bottoms at both upper and lower ends in the vertical direction.
- the upper surface of the reactant 12 is connected to the gas path 14, and the gas that has flowed into the inside of the reactant 12 through the mesh-like gap can be sent out into the gas path 14.
- three reactants 12 are provided so as to be arranged in the left-right direction inside the container 11.
- the heater 13 is spirally wound around the side surface of the reactant 12 formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape, and is formed so as to generate heat by using the supplied electric power.
- a ceramic heater can be adopted.
- the heat generated by the heater 13 heats the reactant 12, and the temperature of the reactant 12 can be raised to a predetermined reaction temperature at which a reaction for generating excess heat, which will be described later, is likely to occur.
- the controller 26 can control the temperature of the heater 13 by controlling the power supplied to the heater 13.
- the control of the electric power supplied to the heater 13 by the controller 26 may be performed so that the temperature of the heater 13 approaches the target value.
- the controller 26 detects the temperature of the heater 13, increases the power supplied to the heater 13 when the detected value is lower than the target value, and increases the power supplied to the heater 13 when the detected value is higher than the target value. You may try to reduce the power supply to.
- the gas path 14 is provided outside the container 11 and forms a gas circulation path including the inside of the container 11 as a part, and one end is connected to the upper surface of each reactant 12 and the other. The end is connected to the inside of the container 11. More specifically, the portions of the gas path 14 connected to the upper surface of each reactant 12 merge in the container 11, form a single path, penetrate the upper bottom portion 11b, and then the gas receiving portion 15, It further penetrates the lower bottom portion 11c via the gas pump 16 and the gas filter 17 and is connected to the inside of the container 11.
- the gas receiving unit 15 receives a hydrogen-based gas (deuterium gas, a light hydrogen gas, or a mixed gas thereof) from an external supply source, and supplies the supplied hydrogen-based gas into the gas path 15. Inflow to.
- a hydrogen-based gas deuterium gas, a light hydrogen gas, or a mixed gas thereof
- this tank serves as a supply source of hydrogen-based gas.
- the rotation speed of the gas pump 16 is controlled by, for example, inverter control, and the gas in the gas path 14 flows from the upstream side to the downstream side (that is, in the direction indicated by the dotted arrow in FIG. 1) at a flow rate corresponding to the rotation speed. To do so.
- the controller 26 can adjust the amount of gas circulated in the circulation path including the gas path 14 by controlling the rotation speed of the gas pump 16.
- the control of the rotation speed by the controller 26 may be performed so that the amount of gas circulated in this circulation path approaches the target value.
- the controller 26 detects the circulation amount, and when the detected value is lower than the target value, the rotation speed of the gas pump 16 is increased to increase the circulation amount, and when the detected value is higher than the target value. May reduce the rotation speed of the gas pump 16 to reduce the circulation amount.
- the gas filter 17 removes impurities contained in the gas in the gas path 14 (particularly those that hinder the reaction that generates excess heat in the reactant 12).
- the separator 21 receives steam generated by heating water (an example of a fluid) when passing through a heat transfer tube 22a (specifically, a water pipe), and separates air-water (drain contained in the steam) with respect to this steam. (Separation of) is done.
- the steam separated by steam in the separator 21 can be supplied to the outside of the boiler 1.
- the fluid path 22 is a water path connecting the water receiving portion 23 to the separator 21.
- a part of the fluid path 22 is a heat transfer tube 22a forming the side wall 11a described above.
- a water pump 24 is arranged at a position closest to the downstream side of the water receiving portion 23.
- the path upstream of the heat transfer tube 22a allows the liquid water supplied from the water receiving portion 23 to flow, and the path downstream of the heat transfer tube 22a (between the container 11 and the separator 21). Then, the water (steam) heated and vaporized by the heat transfer tube 22a flows.
- the water receiving unit 23 is appropriately supplied with water that is a source of steam from the outside, and the supplied water flows into the fluid path 22.
- the water pump 24 causes the water in the fluid path 22 to flow from the upstream side to the downstream side (that is, in the direction indicated by the solid arrow in FIG. 1).
- the heat transfer tube 22a spirally extends from the lower bottom portion 11c toward the upper bottom portion 11b so as to form the tubular side wall 11a of the container 11. That is, the heat transfer tube 22a spirally extends in the axial direction (vertical direction) of the tubular side wall 11a so that there is no gap between the vertically adjacent heat transfer tubes 22a.
- the cross-sectional shape of the inner wall of the heat transfer tube 22a is quadrangular, but it may be circular or other shape.
- the pressure sensor 25 continuously detects the pressure of steam supplied from the separator 21 to the outside (hereinafter referred to as "steam pressure").
- steam pressure the pressure of steam supplied from the separator 21 to the outside.
- the detected value (steam pressure value) of the pressure sensor 21a becomes higher, and conversely, the boiler When the amount of steam supplied from 1 is small, the detected value of the pressure sensor 21a becomes low.
- the information of the detected value of the pressure sensor 25 is continuously transmitted to the controller 26.
- the controller 26 is equipped with an arithmetic processing unit and the like, and controls the calorific value of the reactant 12 based on the detected value of the pressure sensor 25. The specific operation contents of the controller 26 will be described in detail again.
- the operation of the boiler 1 will be described.
- hydrogen-based gas is supplied from an external supply source to the gas receiving unit 15, and the inside of the container 11 and the gas circulation path including the gas path 14 are filled with hydrogen-based gas.
- the filled hydrogen gas is circulated in this circulation path in the direction indicated by the dotted arrow in FIG. 1 by the action of the gas pump 16.
- Impurities are removed from the hydrogen-based gas in the circulation path including the inside of the container 11 when passing through the gas filter 17. Therefore, a high-purity hydrogen-based gas from which impurities have been removed is continuously supplied to the inside of the container 11. As a result, it is possible to stably apply a high-purity hydrogen-based gas to the reactant 12 and maintain a state in which it is easy to induce an output of excess heat, thereby effectively generating heat of the reactant 12.
- water is supplied to the water receiving unit 23 from the outside.
- the supplied water is flowed in the fluid path 22 in the direction indicated by the solid arrow in FIG. 1 by the action of the water pump 24.
- the water flowing in the fluid path 22 is heated by the heat generated by the reactant 12 when passing through the heat transfer tube 22a forming the side wall 11a of the container 11. That is, the heat generated by the reactant 12 is transferred to the heat transfer tube 22a by convection (heat transfer), heat conduction and radiation by the hydrogen-based gas in the container 11, and the water flowing inside the heat transfer tube 22a becomes hot due to this. It is heated.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the path of water passing through the heat transfer tube 22a with a solid arrow.
- the water that has entered the heat transfer tube 22a from the inlet ⁇ of the heat transfer tube 22a travels along the passage in the heat transfer tube 22a extending spirally, and travels along the passage in the heat transfer tube 22a. It is discharged as steam from the outlet ⁇ of 22a (the uppermost part of the heat transfer tube 22a) toward the separator 21.
- the water passing through the heat transfer tube 22a is transferred from the heat transfer tube 22a (side wall 11a of the container) heated by the heat generated by the reactant 12, and the temperature rises.
- the amount of steam supplied from the separator 21 to the outside can be adjusted according to, for example, the amount of steam required from the outside. Further, in the boiler 1, water is sequentially supplied to the water receiving unit 23 by the amount of steam supplied to the outside, that is, by the amount of water decreased, and steam is continuously generated and supplied to the outside. It is possible to do.
- the calorific value of the reactant 12 varies depending on the temperature of the heater 13 and the circulation amount of the hydrogen-based gas. That is, the higher the temperature of the heater 13, the more the reaction that generates excess heat in the reactant 12 is promoted, and the more the calorific value of the reactant 12 is increased. Further, as the circulation amount of the hydrogen-based gas increases, more hydrogen-based gas in the container 11 acts on the reactant 12, the reaction for generating excess heat is promoted, and the calorific value of the reactant 12 increases. become. Further, as the calorific value of the reactant 12 increases, the heating of the water in the heat transfer tube 22a is promoted, more steam is generated, and the steam pressure becomes higher.
- the controller 26 controls the calorific value of the reactant 12 so that the steam pressure becomes appropriate (so that the detection value of the pressure sensor 25 falls within a preset appropriate range).
- the controller 26 controls the calorific value of the reactant 12 so that the steam pressure becomes appropriate (so that the detection value of the pressure sensor 25 falls within a preset appropriate range).
- the controller 26 acquires the latest information of the detected value of the pressure sensor 25, and continuously monitors whether or not the detected value is within an appropriate range (steps S1 to S3). It is desirable that this appropriate range is appropriately set in advance according to the specifications of the boiler 1, the steam load, and the like.
- step S2 the controller 26 adjusts the temperature of the heater 13 to be lowered by a predetermined value A1 (step S11), and determines the circulation amount of the hydrogen-based gas.
- the value is adjusted to decrease by the value A2 (step S12), and the operation returns to the operation of step S1.
- step S3 when the detected value is below the appropriate range (Yes in step S3), the controller 26 adjusts the temperature of the heater 13 to be raised by a predetermined value B1 (step S21), and adjusts the circulation amount of the hydrogen-based gas. The temperature is adjusted so as to increase by the predetermined value B2 (step S22), and the operation returns to the operation of step S1.
- steps S11 and S21 temperature adjustment of the heater 13
- steps S12 and S22 adjustment of the circulation amount of hydrogen-based gas
- both the temperature of the heater 13 and the circulation amount of the hydrogen-based gas are adjusted according to the detected value of the pressure sensor 25.
- both items can be changed in a well-balanced manner to control the calorific value of the reactant 12.
- only one of the above items may be adjusted. Further, which of these items should be adjusted may be arbitrarily set.
- a permissible range may be provided for the value of each item, and the operation of the controller 26 may be executed so as not to deviate from this permissible range.
- the temperature of the heater 13 is raised even when the detected value of the pressure sensor 25 is below the appropriate range (Yes in step S3).
- the adjustment (step S21) may be omitted, and only the adjustment (step S22) for increasing the circulation amount of the hydrogen-based gas may be performed. By doing so, it is possible to prevent adverse effects (such as failure of the heater 13) caused by the temperature of the heater 13 rising too high.
- the second embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment except for the form of the heating element and the points related thereto. In the following description, emphasis will be placed on the explanation of matters different from those of the first embodiment, and explanations of matters common to the first embodiment may be omitted.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of the boiler 2 in the second embodiment.
- the reactant 12 is adopted as a heating element, but in the second embodiment, a general heating element 12a is adopted instead.
- the heat generating element 12a here is assumed to be a halogen heater that generates heat when electric power is supplied. Further, the shape and dimensions of the heat generating element 12a are assumed to be the same as those of the reactant 12 for convenience.
- the heating element 12a is applied as the heating element, it is not necessary to generate excess heat as in the first embodiment, and the heater 13 is not required, so that the installation is omitted.
- the heat transfer tube 22a is heated by the heat generated from the heat generating element 12a instead of the reactant 12, and the heat from the heat transfer tube 22a (side wall 11a of the container) is transferred to the water passing through the heat transfer tube 22a to raise the temperature. Will be done. Further, in this embodiment, the reaction for generating excess heat described above is not required, and by directly controlling the temperature of the heat generating element 12a by electric power control, water can be appropriately heated to generate steam. it can.
- the controller 26 can control the amount of heat generated by the heat generating element 12a (heat generating body) by adjusting the power supplied to the heat generating element 12a.
- a specific example of the operation of the controller 26 in the second embodiment will be described below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the controller 26 acquires the latest information of the detected value of the pressure sensor 25, and continuously monitors whether or not the detected value is within an appropriate range (steps S1 to S3). It is desirable that this appropriate range is appropriately set in advance according to the specifications of the boiler 2, the steam load, and the like.
- step S14 the controller 26 adjusts the temperature of the heat generating element 12a to be lowered by a predetermined value A4 (step S14), and returns to the operation of step S1. It is desirable that the above value A4 is set so that the amount of heat generated by the heat generating element 12a can be appropriately changed. By executing the adjustment in step S14, the calorific value of the heat generating element 12a is reduced, and the steam pressure is lowered to approach the appropriate range.
- step S24 the controller 26 adjusts the temperature of the heat generating element 12a to be raised by a predetermined value B4 (step S24), and returns to the operation of step S1. .. It is desirable that the above value B4 is set so that the amount of heat generated by the heat generating element 12a can be appropriately changed.
- step S24 the amount of heat generated by the heat generating element 12a increases, and the steam pressure rises to approach the appropriate range.
- step S24 By executing the series of operations shown in FIG. 5, it is possible to control the amount of heat generated by the heat generating element 12a so that the steam pressure becomes appropriate.
- the boilers 1 and 2 of each embodiment described above include a heating element and a container 11 provided with the heating element inside, and heat the supplied water to generate steam. Further, in each of the boilers 1 and 2, a heat transfer tube heated by the heat generated by the heating element in an environment in which the inside of the container 11 is filled with a gas having a specific heat higher than that of air (hydrogen-based gas in the example of this embodiment). 22a, and the water passing through the heat transfer tube 22a (water that is the source of steam) is heated.
- a gas having a specific heat higher than that of air hydrogen-based gas in the example of this embodiment
- the specific heat of air is about 1,026 J / Kg ° C
- the specific heat of hydrogen is about 14,528 J / Kg ° C, which is much higher than the specific heat of air. It has become.
- the heating element the reaction element 12 is adopted in the boiler 1, and the heating element 12a is adopted in the boiler 2.
- each of the boilers 1 and 2 it is possible to efficiently transfer the heat generated by the heating element to the water while heating the water by a heating means provided with a heating element inside the container 11 to generate steam. It is possible. As a result, the heat generated by the heating element can be efficiently transferred to the water that is the source of steam.
- the inside of the container 11 is filled with a gas having a specific heat higher than that of air, heat transfer is improved as compared with the case where general air is filled, and the heat generated by the heating element becomes a source of steam. It can be efficiently transmitted to water. Further, since the specific heat is high, the temperature of the gas is less likely to fluctuate, and it is possible to transfer heat to the water more stably.
- the heat transfer tube 22a forms the entire circumference of the side wall 11a formed in a tubular shape, it is possible to efficiently transfer the heat generated by the heating element to the water that is the source of steam.
- the heat transfer tube 22a in the present embodiment is arranged so as to surround the heating element, it covers almost the entire circumference of the side wall 11a, and the heat generated by the heating element is used as the source of steam as much as possible. It is possible to convey to the water.
- the heat transfer tubes are arranged so as to spirally extend and surround the heating element, but the form surrounding the heating element is not limited to this, and for example, a plurality of heat transfer tubes extending in the vertical direction ( A form in which the water pipe) is arranged so as to surround the heating element may be adopted.
- a plurality of heat transfer tubes extending in the vertical direction A form in which the water pipe
- an upper header and a lower header are provided at the upper and lower ends of the plurality of heat transfer tubes, respectively.
- the upper header collects steam from a plurality of heat transfer tubes, and steam is supplied from the upper header through or without a separator.
- the lower header accepts water and communicates with multiple heat transfer tubes. In this form, the steam pressure is measured by the pressure in the upper header or the pressure in the separator if a separator is installed.
- the side wall 11a for sealing the gas in the container 11 is formed by the heat transfer tube 22a, but instead, the side wall 11a is provided separately from the heat transfer tube 22a, and the side wall 11a is provided.
- the heat transfer tube 22a may be provided inside (that is, inside the container 11). Even in this case, the heat transfer tube 22a can be heated by the heat generated by the heating element in an environment in which the inside of the container 11 is filled with a gas having a specific heat higher than that of air. Further, in this case, the heat transfer tube 22a does not need to serve as the side wall 11a, but it is preferable that there is a gap between the vertically adjacent heat transfer tubes 22a so that the heat from the heating element can be further received.
- the gas is circulated in a circulation path including the inside of the container 11 as a part. This is expected to have the effect of activating the movement of the gas in the container 11 and more effectively transferring heat from the gas to the side wall 11a.
- the mechanism for circulating the gas in the container 11 may be omitted, and instead, the gas is supplied into the container 11. It may be provided with a mechanism for filling the container. Further, since the boiler 2 does not require a reaction that generates excess heat, a gas other than the hydrogen-based gas may be adopted as the gas having a higher specific heat than the above-mentioned air.
- each of the boilers 1 and 2 is provided with a controller 26 for controlling the amount of heat generated by the heating element, it is possible to appropriately heat the water according to various situations.
- the calorific value is controlled based on the steam pressure (pressure of steam supplied to the outside), it becomes easy to control the calorific value so as to optimize the steam pressure.
- the control of the calorific value of the heating element according to the present invention is not limited to the control based on the steam pressure, and may be the control based on various other information.
- a heat exchanger 30 is provided in place of the separators 21 of the boilers 1 and 2, and the heat exchanger 30 has a fluid path through which a heat medium (an example of a fluid) flows.
- a part of 22 is arranged, and water that is a source of steam is supplied.
- the heat medium circulates in the fluid path 22 including the heat transfer tube 22a, as shown by the solid arrow in this figure.
- the heat medium heated by the reactant 12 heatating element
- the heat exchanger 30 may be configured to generate hot water in addition to the configuration of heating water to generate steam.
- the heat exchanger 30 for example, a plate type or shell and tube type heat exchanger may be adopted, or various types of steam generators may be adopted.
- this steam generator has a storage space for storing supplied water and a tubular body through which a heat medium arranged in the storage space is passed, and the heat of the heat medium is stored through the tubular body. Examples include those that are transmitted to water.
- the controller 26 may control the amount of heat generated by the heating element based on the steam pressure detected in the heat exchanger 30 as in the case of the first embodiment.
- the boiler according to the present invention can be a heat medium boiler, and in this case, the calorific value of the heating element may be controlled based on the temperature of the heat medium.
- An example of the boiler configured in this way will be described below as the boiler 4 according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of the boiler 4 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the boiler 4 is configured as a heat medium boiler that supplies a heat medium (an example of a fluid) to the load Z, and instead of the parts 21 to 25 related to water supply and steam generation in the first embodiment, a heat medium is used.
- a heat medium path 40 for flowing is provided.
- the heat medium path 40 includes a heat transfer tube 40a having the same configuration as the heat transfer tube 22a of the first embodiment and capable of flowing a heat medium, and the heat transfer tube 40a has a lower bottom portion 11c to an upper bottom portion 11b of the container 11. It extends spirally toward.
- the heat medium path 40 is provided with a heat medium outlet 25a arranged on the downstream side of the heat transfer tube 40a and a heat medium inflow port 25b arranged on the upstream side of the heat transfer tube 40a. It is possible to connect the load Z between the outlet 25a and the heat transfer inlet 25b. As the load Z, for example, various devices that utilize the heat of the heat medium can be adopted.
- the heat medium flowing out from the heat medium flow port 25a passes through the load Z and then flows into the heat medium flow port 25b.
- the heat medium can be circulated through the heat medium path 40 and the circulation path including the load Z, and the reaction element 12 (heating element) is generated. It is possible to continuously supply the heat generated by the body) to the load Z.
- the controller 26 can control the calorific value of the reactant 12 based on the detected value of the temperature of the heat medium grasped by the temperature sensor or the like.
- the temperature of the heat medium (outlet temperature of the heat medium) at the heat medium outlet 25a is detected, and the controller 26 controls the calorific value of the reactant 12 based on this temperature. To do.
- the controller 26 acquires the latest information on the detected value of the temperature of the heat medium instead of the operations of steps S1 to S3 in the first embodiment (see FIG. 3), and the detected value is used. Continuously monitor whether it is within the proper range. It is desirable that this appropriate range is appropriately set in advance according to, for example, the specifications of the boiler 4 and the specifications of the load Z. In the present embodiment, if the temperature of the heat medium exceeds the appropriate range, the temperature of the heater 13 is lowered and the circulation amount of the hydrogen-based gas is reduced, and conversely, if the temperature is below the appropriate range, the temperature of the heater 13 is lowered. By increasing the amount of hydrogen-based gas circulating as well, it is possible to control the calorific value of the reactant 12 so that the temperature of the heat medium becomes appropriate.
- the specific form of controlling the calorific value of the reactant 12 based on the temperature of the heat medium is not limited to the above.
- the temperature of the heat medium (return temperature of the heat medium) at the heat medium inflow port 25b is detected, and the controller 26 controls the calorific value of the reactant 12 based on this temperature. You may.
- the controller 26 controls the calorific value of the reactant 12 based on the difference between the temperature of the heat medium at the heat medium outlet 25a and the temperature of the heat medium at the heat medium inlet 25b. You may.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of the boiler 5 according to the fifth embodiment. Unlike the boiler 1 of the first embodiment, the boiler 5 does not have a fluid path 22 (including a heat transfer tube 22a). Further, a heat exchanger 50 is provided in the gas path 14 of the boiler 5, and steam is generated by heat exchange between the gas flowing in the gas path 14 and the water supplied to the heat exchanger 50. ..
- the boiler 5 includes a container 11, a reactant 12, a heater 13, a gas path 14, a gas receiving unit 15, a gas pump 16, a gas filter 17, a heat exchanger 30, a pressure sensor 51, and the like. ..
- the container 11 has a cylindrical side wall 11a, the upper side of the side wall 11a is closed by the upper bottom portion 11b, and the lower side of the side wall 11a is closed by the lower bottom portion 11c.
- the side wall 11a of the container 11 has a cylindrical shape, but it may be formed in another cylindrical shape.
- the can body cover may be installed on the outer periphery of the side wall 11a, or a heat insulating material may be provided between the side wall 11a and the can body cover.
- the heat exchanger 50 is configured so that a part of the gas path 14 (a part on the upstream side of the gas receiving portion 15) is arranged and water that is a source of steam is supplied. As a result, the heat exchanger 50 can heat the water to generate steam by exchanging heat between the gas in the gas path 14 and the supplied water, and supply the steam to the outside of the boiler 1. Is.
- the heat exchanger 50 of the present embodiment has a specification of heating water to generate steam, but instead, a heat exchanger 50 having a specification of heating water to generate hot water may be adopted.
- the heat exchanger 50 for example, a plate type or shell and tube type heat exchanger may be adopted, or various types of steam generators may be adopted.
- this steam generator it has a storage space for storing the supplied water and a gas path 14 arranged in the storage space, and the heat of the gas in the gas path 14 is transmitted to the stored water. Things can be mentioned.
- the pressure sensor 51 continuously detects the pressure (steam pressure) of steam supplied from the heat exchanger 50 to the outside. In a situation where the amount of steam supplied from the heat exchanger 50 is larger than the amount of steam (steam load) required from the outside, the detected value (steam pressure value) of the pressure sensor 51 becomes higher, and vice versa. In a situation where the amount of steam supplied from the heat exchanger 50 is small, the detected value of the pressure sensor 51 becomes low.
- the amount of steam supplied from the heat exchanger 50 to the outside may be adjustable based on the information of the detected value of the pressure sensor 51. Such adjustment increases the calorific value of the reactant 12 to increase the amount of steam generated when the detected value of the pressure sensor 51 is smaller than the appropriate value, and increases the amount of steam generated when the detected value of the pressure sensor 51 is larger than the appropriate value. , It can be realized by reducing the calorific value of the reactant 12 to reduce the amount of steam generated.
- the calorific value of the reactant 12 can be controlled by adjusting the temperature of the heater 13 or the gas circulation amount described above, and the calorific value of the reactant 12 increases as the temperature of the heater 13 increases or the circulation amount increases. Can be increased. Further, in the heat exchanger 50, water is sequentially supplied by the amount of steam supplied to the outside, that is, by the amount of water decreased, and it is possible to continuously generate steam and supply it to the outside. It is possible.
- the reactant 12 and the container 11 in which the heating element 12 is provided can be filled with a gas (hydrogen-based gas) having a specific heat higher than that of air circulates in the boiler 5.
- a circulation path including the container 11 and a gas path 14 and a heat exchanger 50 that heats water by heat exchange with a hydrogen-based gas in the gas path 14 to generate steam are provided. Therefore, according to the boiler 5, the heat possessed by the circulating gas can be efficiently used for heating water, and the heat can be used more effectively.
- the temperature of the gas in the gas path 14 drops when passing through the heat exchanger 50, an apparatus arranged on the downstream side of the heat exchanger 50 (in the example of the present embodiment, the gas pump 16 and the like).
- the temperature of the gas when passing through the gas filter 17) can be lowered. Therefore, it is possible to lower the heat resistant temperature (required heat resistant temperature) required for the device.
- the configuration of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. That is, the above embodiment should be considered to be exemplary in all respects and not restrictive.
- the boiler according to the present invention can be applied to a hot water boiler, a heat medium boiler, and the like, in addition to the boiler that generates steam as in the above embodiment.
- the technical scope of the present invention is shown not by the description of the above embodiment but by the scope of claims, and is understood to include all modifications belonging to the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims. Should be.
- the present invention can be used for boilers for various purposes.
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Abstract
Description
まず本発明の第1実施形態について説明する。図1は、第1実施形態に係るボイラ1の概略的な構成図である。本図に示すようにボイラ1は、容器11、反応体12、ヒータ13、ガス経路14、ガス受入部15、ガスポンプ16、ガスフィルタ17、セパレータ21、流体経路22、水受入部23、水ポンプ24、圧力センサ25、およびコントローラ26を備えている。
次に本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。なお第2実施形態は、発熱体の形態およびこれに関する点を除き、基本的に第1実施形態と同様である。以下の説明では第1実施形態と異なる事項の説明に重点をおき、第1実施形態と共通する事項については説明を省略することがある。
より安定的に熱を伝えることが可能である。
図6に示すボイラ3では、ボイラ1および2のセパレータ21の代わりに熱交換器30が設けられており、熱交換器30には、熱媒体(流体の一例)が流れる流体経路22の一部が配置されるとともに、蒸気の元となる水が供給される。なお熱媒体は、本図に実線矢印で示すように、伝熱管22aを含む流体経路22を循環するようになっている。これにより、反応体12(発熱体)により加熱された熱媒体を熱交換器30へ送り込み、供給された水を当該熱媒体により加熱して蒸気を発生させ、外部へ供給することが可能である。なお熱交換器30は、水を加熱して蒸気を生成する構成の他、温水を生成する構成としても良い。
次に本発明の第4実施形態について説明する。なお以下の説明では第1実施形態と異なる事項の説明に重点をおき、第1実施形態と共通する事項については説明を省略することがある。図7は、第4実施形態におけるボイラ4の概略的な構成図である。ボイラ4は、熱媒体(流体の一例)を負荷Zへ供給する熱媒ボイラとして構成されており、第1実施形態における水の供給や蒸気の生成に関する各部21~25の代わりに、熱媒体を流す熱媒経路40が設けられている。なお熱媒経路40は、第1実施形態の伝熱管22aと同じ構成であって熱媒体を流すことのできる伝熱管40aを含んでおり、伝熱管40aは容器11の下底部11cから上底部11bに向けて螺旋状に延びている。
次に本発明の第5実施形態について説明する。なお以下の説明では第1実施形態と異なる事項の説明に重点をおき、第1実施形態と共通する事項については説明を省略することがある。図8は、第5実施形態に係るボイラ5の概略的な構成図である。ボイラ5は、第1実施形態のボイラ1と異なり、流体経路22(伝熱管22aを含む)を備えていない。また、ボイラ5のガス経路14には熱交換器50が設けられ、ガス経路14内を流通するガスと熱交換器50に供給された水との熱交換により蒸気を発生させる構成となっている。
11 容器
11a 側壁
11b 上底部
11c 下底部
12 反応体
12a 発熱素子
13 ヒータ
14 ガス経路
15 ガス受入部
16 ガスポンプ
17 ガスフィルタ
21 セパレータ
22 流体経路
22a 伝熱管
23 水受入部
24 水ポンプ
25 圧力センサ
25a 熱媒流出口
25b 熱媒流入口
26 コントローラ
30 熱交換器
40 熱媒経路
40a 伝熱管
50 熱交換器
51 圧力センサ
Claims (9)
- 発熱体と、
内部に前記発熱体が設けられ、空気よりも比熱の高いガスを内部に充満できる容器と、を備え、
前記発熱体が発する熱を用いて流体を加熱するボイラであって、
前記ガスが前記容器内に供給された状況下において前記発熱体の発熱量を制御するコントローラを備えたことを特徴とするボイラ。 - 前記ガスが循環する経路として、前記容器内を一部として含む循環経路を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のボイラ。
- 前記ガスは水素系ガスであり、
前記発熱体は、
水素吸蔵金属類からなる金属ナノ粒子が表面に設けられており、
前記金属ナノ粒子内に水素原子が吸蔵され過剰熱を発生させる反応体であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のボイラ。 - 前記反応体を加熱するヒータを備え、
前記コントローラは、前記循環経路における前記ガスの循環量、又は前記ヒータの温度を調節することにより、前記発熱量を制御することを特徴とする請求項3に記載のボイラ。 - 前記流体である水を加熱して発生させた蒸気を外部へ供給する請求項1から請求項4の何れかに記載のボイラであって、
前記コントローラは、外部へ供給する前記蒸気の圧力に基づいて前記発熱量を制御することを特徴とするボイラ。 - 前記流体である熱媒体を加熱して外部へ供給する請求項1から請求項4の何れかに記載のボイラであって、
前記コントローラは、前記加熱された熱媒体の温度に基づいて前記発熱量を制御することを特徴とするボイラ。 - 前記発熱体が発する熱により加熱される伝熱管を備え、当該伝熱管を通ることにより前記水が加熱される請求項1から請求項6の何れかに記載のボイラであって、
前記伝熱管は前記発熱体を囲んで配置されていることを特徴とするボイラ。 - 前記発熱体により加熱された前記ガスまたは当該ガスと熱交換された熱媒体が加熱側を通り、前記流体である水と熱交換する熱交換器と、を備え、
前記コントローラは、前記熱交換器から外部へ供給する蒸気の圧力に基づいて、前記発熱体の発熱量を調節することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のボイラ。 - 前記ガスが循環する経路として、前記容器内を一部として含む循環経路を備え、
前記循環経路は、前記容器および当該容器の外部に配置されたガス経路を含み、
前記熱交換器は、前記ガス経路に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のボイラ。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP20886201.1A EP4060229B1 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2020-10-15 | Boiler |
AU2020385293A AU2020385293A1 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2020-10-15 | Boiler |
KR1020227016875A KR20220099109A (ko) | 2019-11-15 | 2020-10-15 | 보일러 |
CA3158058A CA3158058A1 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2020-10-15 | Boiler |
JP2021555951A JPWO2021095430A1 (ja) | 2019-11-15 | 2020-10-15 |
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JP2020-126761 | 2020-07-27 |
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JP (1) | JPWO2021095430A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20220099109A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2020385293A1 (ja) |
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JPS62131101A (ja) * | 1985-12-02 | 1987-06-13 | 工業技術院長 | 蒸気発生装置 |
CN111094867B (zh) * | 2017-06-15 | 2022-01-25 | 绿净星球股份有限公司 | 发热装置及发热方法 |
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2020
- 2020-10-15 CA CA3158058A patent/CA3158058A1/en active Pending
- 2020-10-15 JP JP2021555951A patent/JPWO2021095430A1/ja active Pending
- 2020-10-15 AU AU2020385293A patent/AU2020385293A1/en active Pending
- 2020-10-15 EP EP20886201.1A patent/EP4060229B1/en active Active
- 2020-10-15 KR KR1020227016875A patent/KR20220099109A/ko unknown
- 2020-10-15 WO PCT/JP2020/038870 patent/WO2021095430A1/ja unknown
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JPS56137089A (en) * | 1980-03-28 | 1981-10-26 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Control of heat-exchanger with hydrogen-occluding metal built in |
JPH0148074B2 (ja) | 1983-03-28 | 1989-10-17 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | |
JPH02110263A (ja) * | 1988-10-19 | 1990-04-23 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 水素吸蔵合金を利用した熱利用システムとその運転方法 |
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EP4060229B1 (en) | 2024-08-07 |
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KR20220099109A (ko) | 2022-07-12 |
AU2020385293A1 (en) | 2022-06-02 |
EP4060229A4 (en) | 2023-12-13 |
EP4060229C0 (en) | 2024-08-07 |
EP4060229A1 (en) | 2022-09-21 |
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