WO2021092982A1 - 一种小型马铃薯联合收获机 - Google Patents

一种小型马铃薯联合收获机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021092982A1
WO2021092982A1 PCT/CN2019/119559 CN2019119559W WO2021092982A1 WO 2021092982 A1 WO2021092982 A1 WO 2021092982A1 CN 2019119559 W CN2019119559 W CN 2019119559W WO 2021092982 A1 WO2021092982 A1 WO 2021092982A1
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Prior art keywords
grading
wheel
potato
roller shaft
belt
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PCT/CN2019/119559
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨然兵
郭雯雯
张健
尚书旗
王政增
郭栋
郑媛媛
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青岛农业大学
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Publication of WO2021092982A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021092982A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D27/00—Machines with both topping and lifting mechanisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D17/00—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms
    • A01D17/08—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms with shaker type screens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
    • A01D33/08—Special sorting and cleaning mechanisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a small potato combine harvester.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a small potato combine harvester to solve the problems of low harvesting efficiency and unfavorable grading of the existing potatoes proposed in the background art.
  • a small potato combine harvester including a traction frame, a seedling killing device, a vibrating excavation device, a belt-rod conveying and separating device, a roller chain grading device, and a potato bagging device
  • the traction frame is installed on the front side wall of the top cover of the seedling killing device
  • the vibrating excavating device is installed on the rear side wall of the seedling killing device
  • the belt-rod conveying and separating device is installed on the vibrating excavating device.
  • the roller chain grading device is installed on the rear side of the belt-rod-type conveying and separating device
  • the potato collecting and bagging device is installed on the right side of the belt-rod-type conveying and separating device
  • the limit wheel Installed at the bottom of both sides of the vibrating excavator.
  • the vibrating excavating device includes an eccentric wheel, a height adjustment threaded rod, a movable blade pin seat, a connecting beam, an excavating shovel, a connecting rod, and a speed reducer, the eccentric wheel is connected to the height adjustment threaded rod, and the height adjustment thread
  • the other end of the rod is connected with the movable shovel pin seat
  • the movable shovel pin seat is installed on the connecting beam
  • the left and right ends of the connecting beam are connected with the connecting rods
  • the bottoms of the two connecting rods are evenly viewed from one side to the other
  • An excavating shovel is installed
  • the reducer is connected with the eccentric wheel through a linkage rod
  • the excavating shovel is a stepped excavating shovel.
  • the belt-rod conveying and separating device includes a driven wheel, a separating conveyor, a supporting wheel, a shaking wheel, and a driving wheel.
  • the driven wheel is installed on the left side of the inner wall of the separating conveyor, and the supporting wheel is installed on the separating conveyor.
  • the shaking wheel is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the separating conveyor, and the driving wheel is installed on the right side of the inner wall of the separating conveyor. All meshing connection.
  • the roller chain grading device includes a grading chain plate, a grading sprocket, a grading long roller, a grading short roller, a long roller horizontal guide, a short roller horizontal guide, a material receiving device and a U-shaped guide
  • the grading chain plate is installed on the outer wall of the four grading sprockets
  • the grading long roller shaft and the grading short roller shaft are both installed on the grading chain plate
  • the long roller shaft horizontal guide rail and the short roller shaft horizontal guide rail are installed On the left side of the grading chain plate
  • the U-shaped guide rails are installed on the left and right sides of the grading chain plate
  • the material receiving device is installed on the front side of the grading chain plate.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: through the arrangement of the small potato combine harvester, the structure design is reasonable, and the stepped excavating shovel has a stepped surface compared with the ordinary triangular flat excavating shovel.
  • the operation is divided into the soil entry section and the crushing conveying section.
  • the increased crushing conveying section can reduce the vertical height of the excavating shovel at the soil-entry part and reduce the resistance during excavation. Due to the uneven shape of the shovel surface, the ability to crush soil blocks is increased.
  • the lifting chain type separation device is a simpler kind of separation mechanism, and its separation principle is simple and the work efficiency is high.
  • the supporting rollers mainly support the entire lifting chain to prevent excessive sagging of the lifting chain, which is not conducive to transmission and is prone to interference.
  • the core component of soil potato separation is the shaking roller. The amplitude and frequency can be adjusted by the shape of the jitter wheel.
  • Roller grading structure is a commonly used method for grading tubers. Rely on changing the roller side gap to adjust the size of the classification accuracy. The height of the two adjacent rollers remains unchanged. By changing the height of the middle roller, the gap between the two sides of the roller can be adjusted to achieve the grading of large, medium and small tubers. Commonly used in potato, sweet potato and other crops.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibration excavating device of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the belt-rod conveying and separating device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the roller chain grading device of the present invention.
  • a small potato combine harvester used to harvest potatoes while grading the specifications of the potatoes, please refer to Figure 1, including a tractor 1, a seedling killing device 2, a vibration excavating device 3.
  • Belt-type conveying and separating device 4, roller chain grading device 5, potato bagging device 6 and stop wheel 7, traction frame 1 is installed on the front side wall of the top cover of the seedling killing device 2, and the vibration excavating device 3 is installed On the rear side wall of the seedling killing device 2, the belt-rod conveying and separating device 4 is installed on the rear side wall of the vibrating excavation device 3, and the roller chain grading device 5 is installed on the rear side of the belt-rod conveying and separating device 4 to collect potatoes.
  • the bagging device 6 is installed on the right side of the belt-rod conveying and separating device 4, and the stop wheels 7 are installed on the bottom of both sides of the vibrating excavating device 3.
  • the vibrating excavating device 3 includes an eccentric wheel 31, a height adjustment threaded rod 32, a movable shovel pin seat 33, a connecting beam 34, an excavating shovel 36, a connecting rod 35 and a reducer 37, an eccentric wheel 31 and a height adjustment threaded rod 32 is connected, the other end of the height adjustment threaded rod 32 is connected with the movable shovel pin seat 33, the movable shovel pin seat 33 is installed on the connecting beam 34, the left and right ends of the connecting beam 34 are connected with the connecting rod 35, the two connecting rods 35
  • An excavating shovel 36 is evenly installed on the side of the bottom of the shovel
  • the reducer 37 is connected to the eccentric wheel 31 through a linkage rod
  • the excavating shovel 36 is a stepped excavating shovel.
  • the belt-rod type conveying and separating device 4 includes a driven wheel 41, a separating conveyor 42, a supporting wheel 43, a shaking wheel 44, and a driving wheel 45.
  • the driven wheel 41 is installed on the left side of the inner wall of the separating conveyor 42
  • the supporting wheel 43 is installed at the bottom of the outer wall of the separating conveyor 42
  • the shaking wheel 44 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the separating conveyor 42
  • the driving wheel 45 is installed on the right side of the inner wall of the separating conveyor 42
  • the driven wheel 41, the supporting wheel 43, the shaking wheel 44 and Both the driving wheel 45 and the separating conveyor 42 are in meshing connection.
  • the roller chain grading device 5 includes a grading chain plate 51, a grading sprocket 52, a grading long roller 53, a grading short roller 54, a long roller horizontal guide 55, a short roller horizontal guide 56, and a connecting
  • the material device 57 and the U-shaped guide rail 58, the grading chain plate 51 is installed on the outer wall of the four grading sprockets 52, the grading long roller shaft 53 and the grading short roller shaft 54 are both installed on the grading chain plate 51, and the long roller shaft horizontal guide 55
  • the horizontal guide rail 56 with the short roller shaft is installed on the left side of the grading chain plate 51
  • the U-shaped guide rail 58 is installed on the left and right sides of the grading chain plate 51
  • the material receiving device 57 is installed on the front side of the grading chain plate 51.
  • the main power consumption of the combine harvester comes from the walking of the machine, overcoming the resistance brought by the soil during excavation work, and the power required for separation and grading and bagging.
  • the whole machine adopts a 30-horsepower tractor for traction and a single tractor for traction. Its working principle is simple, reliable, and safe.
  • the stems of the potatoes are still fresh and tender, and they have not withered due to drought. Therefore, when separating the stems, install the knife shaft on the seedling killer device 2 at the bottom of the front of the reducer 37, and directly use a scalpel to break the stems and scatter them. Just on the ground.
  • the vibrating excavating device 3 is mainly composed of an eccentric wheel 31, a height adjustment threaded rod 32, a movable blade pin seat 33, a connecting beam 34, an excavating blade 36, a connecting rod 35, and a reducer 37.
  • the power transmitted from the reducer 37 passes through a After the bevel gear is meshed and changed, the power is transmitted to the driven shaft, and the eccentric crank connecting rod 35 at the end of the driven shaft rotates accordingly, thereby driving the stepped excavating shovel 36 to reciprocate.
  • the soil entry angle will vary between 21o-25o.
  • the potatoes excavated from the soil are thrown back to the soil-potato separation mechanism through the vibrating screen.
  • the working performance of this kind of vibrating shovel is related to the soil penetration depth of the shovel 36, the eccentricity of the eccentric wheel 31, the forward speed of the machine, and the length of the shovel 36.
  • the reciprocating stroke of the vibrating shovel can be changed by changing the size of the eccentricity. Therefore, in the design, the designed eccentric wheel 31 has three different eccentric distances.
  • the forward speed of the machine is related to the tractor's traction, which can be achieved by changing the size of the tractor's throttle and the size of the gear.
  • the digging performance can also be improved by replacing the digging shovel 36 with a different length.
  • the use of the eccentric wheel 31 type excavating shovel 36 can reduce the excavation resistance and will not cause soil blocking. It can also reduce the rate of damaged potatoes and increase the rate of bright potatoes.
  • the stepped excavating shovel 36 has a stepped shovel surface, and the operation is divided into the soil entry section and the crushing conveying section.
  • the increased crushing conveying section can reduce the vertical height of the excavating shovel 36 at the soil-entry portion, and reduce the resistance during excavation. Due to the uneven shape of the shovel surface, the ability to crush soil blocks is increased. Control the entry angle ⁇ of the entry section within the range of 21o-25o.
  • the soil entry angle ⁇ of the crushing conveying section is controlled within the range of 13o-15o.
  • the digging depth is 200-350mm, and the digging depth can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the limit wheel 7.
  • the length of the shovel 36 is 230 mm.
  • the roller chain grading device 5 consists of a grading chain plate 51, a grading sprocket 52, a grading long roller shaft 53, a grading short roller shaft 54, a long roller horizontal guide 55, a short roller horizontal guide 56, a material receiving device 57 and U
  • the roller chain grading device 5 is a grading method for tubers. It depends on changing the gap on the side of the roller to adjust the grading accuracy. The height of two adjacent rollers remains unchanged. By changing the middle The height of the roller shaft can be used to adjust the size of the gap between the two sides formed by the roller shaft to realize the grading of large, medium and small tubers.
  • the small potato combine harvester is mainly composed of a frame, a seedling killing device 2, a belt-rod conveying separation device 4, a roller chain grading device 5, a potato bagging device 6, etc.
  • the conveying direction of the potato during the harvesting process is: Vibration digging device 3 ⁇ separation conveyor 42 ⁇ roller chain classifier 5 ⁇ potato bagging device 6.
  • the small potato combine harvesting machine is hauled by a tractor, and its power is transmitted from the universal joint to the reducer 37.
  • the reducer 37 distributes part of the power to the knife shaft of the seedling killer.
  • the shovel breaks the stem, the eccentric wheel 31 rotates to drive the height adjustment threaded rod 32, so that the movable shovel pin seat 33 drives the connecting rod 35 through the connecting beam 34, thereby driving the excavating shovel 36 to reciprocate.
  • the potato rises, and the potato is dug out of the soil.
  • the unearthed potatoes are transported to the front end of the ascending chain shaker and slide backwards.
  • the shaking action of the shaking wheel 44 shakes the soil coated on the potatoes to pieces, and the broken soil leaks from the gaps between the bars to achieve
  • the potatoes are separated, and at the same time, the potatoes are continuously inclined upwards to the back end of the lifting chain, so that the potatoes after the separation of the potatoes are processed by the horizontal conveyor belt formed by the combination of the grading long roller 53 and the grading short roller 54 Potatoes that are smaller than the grading gap will fall downward and fall into the potato bagging device 6 for bagging.
  • Patent Document 1
  • Non-Patent Document 1

Abstract

一种小型马铃薯联合收获机，包括牵引架（1）、杀秧装置（2）、振动挖掘装置（3）、带杆式输送分离装置（4）、辊轴链式分级装置（5）、集薯装袋装置（6）和限位轮（7）。牵引架（1）安装在杀秧装置（2）顶部盖板的前侧壁，振动挖掘装置（3）安装在杀秧装置（2）的后侧壁，带杆式输送分离装置（4）安装在振动挖掘装置（3）的后侧壁，辊轴链式分级装置（5）安装在带杆式输送分离装置（4）的后侧，集薯装袋装置（6）安装在带杆式输送分离装置（4）的右侧，限位轮（7）安装在振动挖掘装置（3）的两侧底部。该收获机能够减少对马铃薯收获时产生的损伤，同时提高对马铃薯的分级性能，经济实用性较强。

Description

一种小型马铃薯联合收获机
本发明涉及农业机械技术领域，具体为一种小型马铃薯联合收获机。
我国是马铃薯第一生产国，然而马铃薯收获作业，到现在为止还停留在传统的人工手动切除茎秧，锄头挖薯，人工捡拾的阶段。与发达国家的机械化水平相差几十年。
国外地广人稀，因此马铃薯收获时均为机械化，马铃薯作业幅宽大。国外的马铃薯机械化研究历程长，更新换代迅速。我国的马铃薯机械化收获技术落后国外几十年。我国马铃薯多为小面积种植且多为丘陵地区，国外的马铃薯收获机械很难在国内得以大规模推广使用。面对我国小农作业，且地少人多的现状，以及马铃薯种植面积增加的压力。迫切需要研制一款小型马铃薯收获的机械用于我国马铃薯收获。
目前国产马铃薯收获机多为马铃薯挖掘机，挖掘后的马铃薯经输送装置直接抛于地面，还需人工捡拾牵，这极大地增加了人工作业量。且捡拾过的马铃薯大小不一，不利于马铃薯的产后大规模加工处理。
本发明的目的在于提供一种小型马铃薯联合收获机，以解决上述背景技术中提出的现有的马铃薯收获效率低且不利于分级的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种小型马铃薯联合收获机，包括牵引架、杀秧装置、振动挖掘装置、带杆式输送分离装置、辊轴链式分级装置、集薯装袋装置和限位轮，所述牵引架安装在杀秧装置顶部盖板的前侧壁，所述振动挖掘装置安装在杀秧装置的后侧壁，所述带杆式输送分离装置安装在振动挖掘装置的后侧壁，所述辊轴链式分级装置安装在带杆式输送分离装置的后侧，所述集薯装袋装置安装在带杆式输送分离装置的右侧，所述限位轮安装在振动挖掘装置的两侧底部。
优选的，所述振动挖掘装置包括偏心轮、高度调节螺纹杆、动铲销座、连接横梁、挖掘铲、连杆和减速器，所述偏心轮与高度调节螺纹杆连接，所述高度调节螺纹杆的另一端与动铲销座连接，所述动铲销座安装在连接横梁上，所述连接横梁的左右两端与连杆连接，两个所述连杆的的底部相视一侧均匀安装有挖掘铲，所述减速器通过联动杆与偏心轮连接，所述挖掘铲为阶梯型挖掘铲。
优选的，所述带杆式输送分离装置包括从动轮、分离输送器、支撑轮、抖动轮和主动轮，所述从动轮安装在分离输送器的内壁左侧，所述支撑轮安装在分离输送器的外壁底部，所述抖动轮安装在分离输送器的内壁中部，所述主动轮安装在分离输送器的内壁右侧，所述从动轮、支撑轮、抖动轮和主动轮与分离输送器之间均啮合连接。
优选的，所述辊轴链式分级装置包括分级链板、分级链轮、分级长辊轴、分级短辊轴、长辊轴水平导轨、短辊轴水平导轨、接料装置和U型导轨，所述分级链板安装在四个所述分级链轮的外壁，所述分级长辊轴和分级短辊轴均安装在分级链板上，所述长辊轴水平导轨和短辊轴水平导轨安装在分级链板的左侧，所述U型导轨安装在分级链板的左右两侧，所述接料装置安装在分级链板的前侧。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：通过该一种小型马铃薯联合收获机的设置，结构设计合理，阶梯型挖掘铲与普通三角形平面挖掘铲相比，其铲面为阶梯型，作业区分入土段与破碎输送段。增加的破碎输送段能够减小挖掘铲在入土部分的垂直高度，减轻挖掘时的阻力。由于铲面凹凸不平的形状，增加对土块的破碎能力。
升运链式分离装置是分离机构中较简单的一种，其分离原理简单，工作效率高。挖掘铲将马铃薯从土壤里挖掘出来之后，沿升运链向后输送，并传至分级机构。其中支撑滚轮主要支撑整个升运链，防止升运链过度下垂，不利于传动，而且容易发生发生干涉现象。土薯分离的核心部件是抖动滚轮。可通过抖动轮的形状来实现振幅和频率调节。
辊轴式分级结构是块茎类植物常用的一种分级方法。依靠改变辊轴侧间隙来调整分级精度的大小。相邻两辊轴的高度不变，通过改变中间辊轴的高度，来调整辊轴形成的两侧间隙的大小，实现大中小块茎的分级。常用于马铃薯、甘薯等作物。
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为本发明振动挖掘装置结构示意图；
图3为本发明带杆式输送分离装置结构示意图；
图4为本发明辊轴链式分级装置结构示意图。
图中：1牵引架、2杀秧装置、3振动挖掘装置、31偏心轮、32高度调节螺纹杆、33动铲销座、34连接横梁、35连杆、36挖掘铲、37减速器、4带杆式输送分离装置、41从动轮、42分离输送器、43支撑轮、44抖动轮、45主动轮、5辊轴链式分级装置、51分级链板、52分级链轮、53分级长辊轴、54分级短辊轴、55长辊轴水平导轨、56短辊轴水平导轨、57接料装置、58 U型导轨6集薯装袋装置、7限位轮。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供如下技术方案：一种小型马铃薯联合收获机，用于对马铃薯进行收获的同时对马铃薯的规格进行分级，请参阅图1，包括牵引架1、杀秧装置2、振动挖掘装置3、带杆式输送分离装置4、辊轴链式分级装置5、集薯装袋装置6和限位轮7，牵引架1安装在杀秧装置2顶部盖板的前侧壁，振动挖掘装置3安装在杀秧装置2的后侧壁，带杆式输送分离装置4安装在振动挖掘装置3的后侧壁，辊轴链式分级装置5安装在带杆式输送分离装置4的后侧，集薯装袋装置6安装在带杆式输送分离装置4的右侧，限位轮7安装在振动挖掘装置3的两侧底部。
请参阅图2，振动挖掘装置3包括偏心轮31、高度调节螺纹杆32、动铲销座33、连接横梁34、挖掘铲36、连杆35和减速器37，偏心轮31与高度调节螺纹杆32连接，高度调节螺纹杆32的另一端与动铲销座33连接，动铲销座33安装在连接横梁34上，连接横梁34的左右两端与连杆35连接，两个连杆35的的底部相视一侧均匀安装有挖掘铲36，减速器37通过联动杆与偏心轮31连接，挖掘铲36为阶梯型挖掘铲。
请参阅图3，带杆式输送分离装置4包括从动轮41、分离输送器42、支撑轮43、抖动轮44和主动轮45，从动轮41安装在分离输送器42的内壁左侧，支撑轮43安装在分离输送器42的外壁底部，抖动轮44安装在分离输送器42的内壁中部，主动轮45安装在分离输送器42的内壁右侧，从动轮41、支撑轮43、抖动轮44和主动轮45与分离输送器42之间均啮合连接。
请参阅图4，辊轴链式分级装置5包括分级链板51、分级链轮52、分级长辊轴53、分级短辊轴54、长辊轴水平导轨55、短辊轴水平导轨56、接料装置57和U型导轨58，分级链板51安装在四个分级链轮52的外壁，分级长辊轴53和分级短辊轴54均安装在分级链板51上，长辊轴水平导轨55和短辊轴水平导轨56安装在分级链板51的左侧，U型导轨58安装在分级链板51的左右两侧，接料装置57安装在分级链板51的前侧。
在具体使用过程中，联合收获机的主要动力功耗来源于机器的行走，克服挖掘工作时土壤带来的阻力，以及分离、分级装袋工作所需动力。整机采用30马力的拖拉机牵引工作，采用拖拉机单牵引工作，其工作原理简单，工作可靠，安全性高。
马铃薯收获时，马铃薯的茎依然鲜嫩，没有因干旱而枯萎，故分离茎时，将杀秧机装置2上的刀轴安装在减速器37前方底部，直接用甩刀将茎打碎，散落在地面上即可。
振动挖掘装置3主要由偏心轮31、高度调节螺纹杆32、动铲销座33、连接横梁34、挖掘铲36、连杆35和减速器37组成，从减速器37传递而来的动力经一对锥齿轮啮合变向后，将动力传递给从动轴，从动轴端的偏心曲柄连杆35机构随之转动，从而带动阶梯型挖掘铲36做往复运动。在挖掘铲36往复运动的过程中，入土角会在21o-25o之间变化。从土壤里挖掘出来的马铃薯经振动筛片向后抛送至土薯分离机构。这种振动铲其工作性能与挖掘铲36的入土深度、偏心轮31的偏心距、机器的前进速度以及挖掘铲36的长度有关。我们可以通过改变陷深轮的高度，来调整挖掘铲36的入土深度。可通过改变偏心距大小，来改变振动铲往复运动的行程。故在设计时，设计的偏心轮31盘具有三种不同的偏心距。而机器的前进速度与拖拉机的牵引力有关，可以通过改变拖拉机油门大小以及档位大小等措施来实现。也可通过更换不同长度的挖掘铲36来提高挖掘性能。使用偏心轮31式挖掘铲36可减轻挖掘阻力，不会产生堵土现象。也可减轻伤薯率，提高明薯率。
阶梯型挖掘铲36与普通三角形平面挖掘铲相比，其铲面为阶梯型，作业区分入土段与破碎输送段。增加的破碎输送段能够减小挖掘铲36在入土部分的垂直高度，减轻挖掘时的阻力。由于铲面凹凸不平的形状，增加对土块的破碎能力。将入土段的入土角α控制在21o-25o的范围内。破碎输送段的入土角β控制在13o-15o的范围内。挖掘深度为200-350mm，可通过调节限位轮7的高度来调节挖掘深度。挖掘铲36长度为230mm。
辊轴链式分级装置5由分级链板51、分级链轮52、分级长辊轴53、分级短辊轴54、长辊轴水平导轨55、短辊轴水平导轨56、接料装置57和U型导轨58组成，辊轴链式分级装置5是用于块茎类植物的一种分级方法，依靠改变辊轴侧间隙来调整分级精度的大小，相邻两辊轴的高度不变，通过改变中间辊轴的高度，来调整辊轴形成的两侧间隙的大小，实现大中小块茎的分级。
小型马铃薯联合收获机主要由机架、杀秧装置2、带杆式输送分离装置4、辊轴链式分级装置5、集薯装袋装置6等组成，在收获过程中马铃薯的输送方向为：振动挖掘装置3→分离输送器42→辊轴链式分级装置5→集薯装袋装置6。
因该机器属于联合类收获机械，长度比较长，因此该小型马铃薯联合收获机械由拖拉机单牵引，其动力由万向节传至减速器37，减速器37将一部分动力分配杀秧机刀轴，甩刀将茎干打碎，偏心轮31转动带动高度调节螺纹杆32，使动铲销座33通过连接横梁34带动连杆35，从而带动挖掘铲36往复运动，挖掘铲36入土将土块与马铃薯崛起，将马铃薯从土壤里挖掘出来。挖掘出来的马铃薯运至升运链式抖动筛的前端并向后滑动，抖动轮44的抖动作用，将马铃薯上包被的土壤抖碎，破碎的土壤从杆条间的空隙间漏下，实现土薯分离，同时，马铃薯被不断的倾斜向上输送至升运链的后端，实现土薯分离过后的马铃薯，经过分级长辊轴53和分级短辊轴54组合而成的水平输送带进行马铃薯的大小分级，小于分级间隙的马铃薯会向下落入，落入集薯装袋装置6，装袋。
虽然在上文中已经参考了一些实施例对本发明进行描述，然而在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效无替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，本发明所披露的各个实施例中的各项特征均可通过任意方式相互结合起来使用，在本说明书中未对这些组合的情况进行穷举的描述仅仅是处于省略篇幅和节约资源的考虑。因此，本发明并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而且包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。
专利文献1：
非专利文献1：

Claims (4)

1．一种小型马铃薯联合收获机，其特征在于：包括牵引架（1）、杀秧装置（2）、振动挖掘装置（3）、带杆式输送分离装置（4）、辊轴链式分级装置（5）、集薯装袋装置（6）和限位轮（7），所述牵引架（1）安装在杀秧装置（2）顶部盖板的前侧壁，所述振动挖掘装置（3）安装在杀秧装置（2）的后侧壁，所述带杆式输送分离装置（4）安装在振动挖掘装置（3）的后侧壁，所述辊轴链式分级装置（5）安装在带杆式输送分离装置（4）的后侧，所述集薯装袋装置（6）安装在带杆式输送分离装置（4）的右侧，所述限位轮（7）安装在振动挖掘装置（3）的两侧底部。
根据权利要求1所述的一种小型马铃薯联合收获机，其特征在于：所述振动挖掘装置（3）包括偏心轮（31）、高度调节螺纹杆（32）、动铲销座（33）、连接横梁（34）、挖掘铲（36）、连杆（35）和减速器（37），所述偏心轮（31）与高度调节螺纹杆（32）连接，所述高度调节螺纹杆（32）的另一端与动铲销座（33）连接，所述动铲销座（33）安装在连接横梁（34）上，所述连接横梁（34）的左右两端与连杆（35）连接，两个所述连杆（35）的的底部相视一侧均匀安装有挖掘铲（36），所述减速器（37）通过联动杆与偏心轮（31）连接，所述挖掘铲（36）为阶梯型挖掘铲。
根据权利要求1所述的一种小型马铃薯联合收获机，其特征在于：所述带杆式输送分离装置（4）包括从动轮（41）、分离输送器（42）、支撑轮（43）、抖动轮（44）和主动轮（45），所述从动轮（41）安装在分离输送器（42）的内壁左侧，所述支撑轮（43）安装在分离输送器（42）的外壁底部，所述抖动轮（44）安装在分离输送器（42）的内壁中部，所述主动轮（45）安装在分离输送器（42）的内壁右侧，所述从动轮（41）、支撑轮（43）、抖动轮（44）和主动轮（45）与分离输送器（42）之间均啮合连接。
根据权利要求1所述的一种小型马铃薯联合收获机，其特征在于：所述辊轴链式分级装置（5）包括分级链板（51）、分级链轮（52）、分级长辊轴（53）、分级短辊轴（54）、长辊轴水平导轨（55）、短辊轴水平导轨（56）、接料装置（57）和U型导轨（58），所述分级链板（51）安装在四个所述分级链轮（52）的外壁，所述分级长辊轴（53）和分级短辊轴（54）均安装在分级链板（51）上，所述长辊轴水平导轨（55）和短辊轴水平导轨（56）安装在分级链板（51）的左侧，所述U型导轨（58）安装在分级链板（51）的左右两侧，所述接料装置（57）安装在分级链板（51）的前侧。
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