WO2021088455A1 - 一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法 Download PDF

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WO2021088455A1
WO2021088455A1 PCT/CN2020/109678 CN2020109678W WO2021088455A1 WO 2021088455 A1 WO2021088455 A1 WO 2021088455A1 CN 2020109678 W CN2020109678 W CN 2020109678W WO 2021088455 A1 WO2021088455 A1 WO 2021088455A1
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water
synthesizing
initiator
hydrolyzed polymaleic
polymaleic anhydride
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程终发
陆久田
王燕平
申义驰
王宁宁
杨尚文
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山东泰和水处理科技股份有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F122/00Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof
    • C08F122/04Anhydrides, e.g. cyclic anhydrides
    • C08F122/06Maleic anhydride
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/04Polymerisation in solution
    • C08F2/10Aqueous solvent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/04Azo-compounds

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  • the invention belongs to the field of organic polymerization chemistry, and specifically relates to a method for synthesizing hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride.
  • Hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride polymer and its salt are easily soluble in water, non-toxic and harmless, and have extremely high thermal and chemical stability properties, and have good scale inhibition to carbonates below 300°C Dispersion effect, usually used as dispersant, scale inhibitor, detergent additive and chelating agent. Moreover, within a certain range, as the molecular weight of the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride polymer increases, the better the performance.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,260,724 discloses a method of using acetic anhydride as a solvent, using a 50% mass percent hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution to initiate the polymerization of maleic anhydride, removing the liquid component by distillation, and drying to obtain a solid polymer. Method Although the product yield is improved by adding inorganic acids such as phosphorous acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
  • the use of initiator peroxides will decompose monomers and generate a large amount of carbon dioxide, which is not conducive to the product.
  • the total recovery rate is improved.
  • the use of a large amount of organic solvents in the synthesis process brings great troubles to post-processing and increases costs; on the other hand, the production of a large amount of organic wastewater in the process is also not conducive to work safety and environmental protection.
  • the present invention provides a single system or a composite system containing an azo-based water-soluble initiator to induce maleic anhydride to proceed to the aqueous phase at a lower temperature. Homopolymerization, synthesis method of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride with a molecular weight of 1000-3000.
  • a method for synthesizing hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride the specific operation steps are as follows:
  • the control range of the system reaction temperature in the above step (2) is 50-80°C, wherein, preferably, the reaction temperature is 55-70°C.
  • the initiator described in the above step (2) can be 2,2'-azobisisobutamidine hydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl-N-(1,1-dihydroxy Methyl-2-hydroxyethyl)propionamide), 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)propionamide) and other water-soluble azo initiators or their combination Composite initiator for reducing substances.
  • the aforementioned reducing substance may be any one of sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, or sodium hypophosphite.
  • the amount of the water-soluble azo initiator can be 0.5-25% by mass of the maleic anhydride feed amount.
  • the amount of the initiator is 1-10% by mass of the maleic anhydride feed amount. , More preferably 2 to 5%.
  • the mass percentage of the reducing substance in the maleic anhydride feeding amount can be 0 to 5%, and more preferably, the reducing substance can be 0 to 2%.
  • the initiator is an aqueous solution with a concentration of 10-20% by mass.
  • the aqueous solution of the water-soluble azo initiator is added dropwise 0-30 minutes before the aqueous solution of the reducing substance, wherein, Preferably, the water-soluble azo initiator is added dropwise 10-15 minutes before the aqueous solution of the reducing substance.
  • the holding temperature in the above step (3) can be 60-90°C, wherein, preferably, the holding temperature is 75-85°C.
  • the present invention uses a single system containing an azo-based water-soluble initiator or a composite system composed of it and a reducing substance to initiate the water-phase double bond polymerization of maleic anhydride with large steric hindrance.
  • water-soluble azo initiators have less oxidizing ability, and can decompose at a suitable rate to generate free radicals in a lower temperature range, and the decomposition rate is less affected by the solvent. Therefore, the amount of initiator is small and the initiation efficiency is high.
  • the product performance is good; the final decomposition product of the initiator used in this method does not affect the product performance, and it is not easy to induce the decomposition of monomers to produce carbon dioxide during the process of initiating the polymerization of maleic anhydride.
  • the reaction conditions are mild, the product yield can reach more than 90%, and it is non-toxic.
  • the production of by-products is safe and environmentally friendly, which is conducive to the realization of industrialized production.
  • the calcium carbonate scale inhibition rate is 56.13%.
  • the sodium bisulfite aqueous solution was delayed for 17 minutes and the initiator was added. The temperature was raised to 75°C and the reaction was kept for 1.5 hours. The amber transparent liquid with a solid content of 43.36% was obtained. The calculated yield of maleic anhydride monomer was 92.72%, the residual monomer MA content was 2.45%, the molecular weight Mw was 2970 detected by gel chromatography and GPC, and the static evaluation calcium carbonate scale inhibition rate was 62.13%.
  • the initiator was added dropwise for 10 minutes, and the temperature was raised to 80°C and the reaction was kept for 1 hour to obtain a solid content of 35.06%.
  • the calcium scale inhibition rate is 49.72%.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法,具体是在55~80℃温度下,利用含偶氮类水溶性引发剂的单体系或者复合体系引发马来酸酐在水溶液或熔融状态下发生聚合,合成分子量为1000~3000的水解聚马来酸酐。其中所属偶氮类水溶性引发剂可以为2,2'-偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、2,2'-偶氮二(2-甲基-N-(1,1-二羟甲基-2-羟乙基)丙酰胺)等或其与还原性物质的复合体系。该方法采用水溶性偶氮类物质作为低温引发马来酸酐双键聚合的引发剂,引发效率高、产品分子量相对较高、水溶性好,副产物少、收率可达95%;该方法以水为溶剂,反应条件温和、反应单体分解率低,利于实现工业化生产。

Description

一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法 技术领域
本发明属于有机聚合化学领域,具体涉及一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法。
背景技术
水解聚马来酸酐聚合物及其盐因具有易溶于水、无毒无害、具有极高的热稳定性和化学稳定性等性能,且在300℃以下对碳酸盐有良好的阻垢分散效果,通常被用作分散剂、阻垢剂、洗涤剂添加剂和螯合剂。而且,在一定分范围内,随着水解聚马来酸酐聚合物分子量增大性能越好。
但是顺丁烯二酸酐(MA)分子结构中因碳碳双键上存在1,2-二取代位阻,空间位阻比较大,自由基很容易失去活性而发生链终止,因此合成较大分子量的产品比较困难。众所周知,聚合物除少数通过如光、电、辐射等方式聚合而得,大部分聚合物都是通过自由基聚合反应得到。自由基聚合的一个重要环节就是链引发,因此自由基引发过程中引发剂的选取很关键,它将直接影响聚合反应速率、产品质量、物质结构及性能。在水解聚马来酸酐的合成中,为得到较高分子量的水解聚马来酸酐产品,1961年J.Polymer.Sci.和1962年Makromol.Chem.首次分别提出可以通过紫外光照射和/或通过有机氧化物引发MA发生均聚,经水解制得水解聚马来酸酐(HPMA)。1968年美国专利US3385834介绍了一种无氧、无溶剂的干燥条件下,以过氧化苯甲酰催化顺丁烯二酸酐在150℃左右均聚,然后用甲苯沉淀得聚合顺丁烯二酸酐固体粉末,采用有机过氧化二酰引发聚合,引发剂用量大,且在引发过程会产生大量的有害副产物。1981年美国专利US4260724公开了一种以醋酸酐为溶剂,利用质量百分含量为50%的过氧化氢水溶液引发顺丁烯二酸酐聚合,经蒸馏除去液体组分,干燥得到固体聚合物,该方法虽然通过添加无机酸如亚磷酸、硫酸等或有机酸草酸、柠檬酸、己二酸等助剂提高产品收率,但是引发剂过氧化物的使用会分解单体产生大量二氧化碳,不利于产品总提收率的提高。且合成过程大量有机溶剂的使用,一方面对后期处理带来很大麻烦, 造成成本增加;另一方面,工艺中大量有机废水的产出也不利于工作安全和环境保护。
随着人们安全和环境保护意识的不断增强,使用水作为分散相的溶液聚合在聚合物工艺生产的应用越来越广泛,研发和选择一种更高效、环保的引发体系成为该领域亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为解决现有关于水解聚马来酸酐合成技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种在较低温度下,利用含偶氮类水溶性引发剂的单体系或者复合体系引发马来酸酐进行水相均聚,合成分子量为1000~3000的水解聚马来酸酐合成方法。
本发明的目的具体是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法,具体操作步骤如下:
(1)将马来酸酐和去离子水按照一定的质量比依次投入到反应釜;
(2)开启搅拌,升温并控制反应体系温度,缓慢滴加引发剂;
(3)引发剂全部滴加完毕后,常压条件下保温反应1~2小时,降温得琥珀色透明液体。
上述步骤(1)中所述的马来酸酐和去离子水的质量比可以为m (MA):m (H2O)=1:(0~5),其中,作为优选地,m (MA):m (H2O)=1:(0~2)。
上述步骤(2)中所述的体系反应温度控制范围为50~80℃,其中,作为优选地,反应温度为55~70℃。
上述步骤(2)所述的引发剂可以为2,2’-偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基-N-(1,1-二羟甲基-2-羟乙基)丙酰胺)、2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基-N-(2-羟乙基)丙酰胺)等水溶性偶氮类引发剂或其与还原性物质的复合引发剂。
其中,上述还原性物质可以为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠或次磷酸钠中的任意一种。
其中,上述水溶性偶氮类引发剂用量占马来酸酐投料量的质量百分比可以为0.5~25%, 其中,作为优选地,引发剂用量占马来酸酐投料量的质量百分比为1~10%,进一步地优选为2~5%。
其中,上述步骤选用复合引发体系时,还原性物质的用量占马来酸酐投料量的质量百分比可以为0~5%,进一步优选地,还原性物质的用量可以为0~2%。
上述步骤(2)中引发剂为质量百分比浓度10~20%的水溶液,其中,选用复合引发体系时,水溶性偶氮类引发剂水溶液先于还原性物质水溶液0~30min滴加完毕,其中,作为优选地,水溶性偶氮类引发剂先于还原性物质水溶液10~15min滴加完毕。
上述步骤(3)所述的保温温度可以为60~90℃,其中,作为优选地,保温温度为75~85℃。
本发明的有益作用:本发明利用含偶氮类水溶性引发剂的单体系或者其与还原性物质组成的复合体系引发空间位阻大的马来酸酐进行水相双键聚合,与常用的过氧化物相比,水溶性偶氮引发剂氧化能力小,在较低的温度范围既可以适宜的速度分解产生自由基,分解速度受溶剂影响小,因此,引发剂用量少、引发效率高,产品性能好;该方法使用引发剂的最终分解产物不影响产品性能,且在引发马来酸酐聚合过程不易产生诱导单体分解产生二氧化碳,反应条件温和、产品收率可达90%以上、无毒副产物产生,安全环保,利于实现工业化生产。
具体实施方法
实施例1
称取500g去离子水和马来酸酐(MA)1000g,依次加入至2000mL的四口玻璃反应烧瓶中,开启搅拌并升温,搅拌至马来酸酐与去离子水形成透明均一体系,控制体系温度为70±2℃,将200g质量百分比浓度为20%的2,2’-偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐水溶液按照65mL/h的流速滴加入釜,滴加完毕,75℃保温反应1.5小时,得固含量为56.86%的琥珀色透明液体共计1697.50g,以投入马来酸酐单体计收率为94.50%,残留单体MA含量为3.01%,凝胶色谱GPC检测分 子量Mw=1836,静态评价碳酸钙阻垢率为56.13%。
实施例2
将马来酸酐(MA)1500g放入容积为2000mL的四口玻璃反应烧瓶中,开启搅拌并缓慢升温至马来酸酐呈熔融状态,控制体系温度为65±2℃,将450g质量百分比浓度为10%的2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基-N-(1,1-二羟甲基-2-羟乙基)丙酰胺)水溶液按照85mL/h的流速滴加入釜,滴加完毕,80℃保温反应1小时,得固含量为76.23%的琥珀色粘稠状透明液体共计1907.11g,以投入马来酸酐单体计收率为94.26%,残留单体MA含量为2.92%,凝胶色谱GPC检测分子量Mw=2305,静态评价碳酸钙阻垢率为57.92%。
实施例3
称取500g去离子水和马来酸酐(MA)500g,依次加入至2000mL的四口玻璃反应烧瓶中,开启搅拌并升温,搅拌至马来酸酐与去离子水形成透明均一体系,控制体系温度为70±2℃,将100g质量百分比浓度为15%的2,2’-偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐水溶液和50g质量百分比浓度为10%的亚硫酸氢钠水溶液分别按照50mL/h和22mL/h的流速同时滴加入釜,亚硫酸氢钠水溶液延后引发剂17min滴加完毕,提温至75℃保温反应1.5小时,得固含量为43.36%的琥珀色透明液体共计1106.80g,以投入马来酸酐单体计收率为92.72%,残留单体MA含量为2.45%,凝胶色谱GPC检测分子量Mw=2970,静态评价碳酸钙阻垢率为62.13%。
实施例4
称取800g去离子水和马来酸酐(MA)500g,依次加入至2000mL的四口玻璃反应烧瓶中,开启搅拌并升温,搅拌至马来酸酐与去离子水形成透明均一体系,控制体系温度为60±2℃,将100g质量百分比浓度为20%的2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基-N-(2-羟乙基)丙酰胺)水溶液和50g质量百分比浓度为10%的次磷酸钠水溶液分别按照65mL/h和30mL/h的流速同时滴加入釜,次磷酸钠水溶液延后引发剂10min滴加完毕,提温至80℃保温反应1小时,得固含量为35.06%的琥珀色透明液体共计1360.57g,以投入马来酸酐单体计收率为93.81%,残留单体MA含量 为2.92%,凝胶色谱GPC检测分子量Mw=2614,静态评价碳酸钙阻垢率为59.44%。
对比例(传统水相聚合氧化-还原引发体系)
称取800g去离子水和马来酸酐(MA)500g,依次加入至2000mL的四口玻璃反应烧瓶中,加入3.5g亚铁盐作为催化剂;开启搅拌并升温,搅拌至马来酸酐与去离子水形成透明均一体系,控制体系温度为80±2℃,将200g质量百分比浓度为27.5%的过氧化氢水溶液按照65mL/h滴加入釜,引发马来酸酐聚合反应,85℃保温反应2小时,得固含量为30.93%的琥珀色透明液体共计1410.15g,以投入马来酸酐单体计收率为87.23%,残留单体MA含量为3.81%,凝胶色谱GPC检测分子量Mw=827,静态评价碳酸钙阻垢率为49.72%。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法,其特征在于,具体包括如下操作步骤:
    (1)将马来酸酐和去离子水依次投入到反应釜;
    (2)开启搅拌,升温并控制反应体系温度,缓慢滴加引发剂;
    (3)引发剂全部滴加完毕后,常压条件下保温反应1-2小时,降温得琥珀色透明液体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中马来酸酐和去离子水的质量比为m MA:m H2O=1:0-5。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中体系反应温度控制范围为50~80℃。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法,其特征在于,所述引发剂包含水溶性偶氮类引发剂。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法,其特征在于,所述水溶性偶氮类引发剂具体为2,2’-偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基-N-(1,1-二羟甲基-2-羟乙基)丙酰胺)、2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基-N-(2-羟乙基)丙酰胺)。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的引发剂还含有还原性物质,与水溶性偶氮类引发剂组成复合引发剂。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法,其特征在于,所述还原性物质可以选择亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠或次磷酸钠中的任意一种。
  8. 根据权利要求4或6任一所述的一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的水溶性偶氮类引发剂用量占马来酸酐投料量的质量百分比可以为0.5-25%;还原性物质的用量占马来酸酐投料量的质量百分比可选择0-5%。
  9. 根据权利要求4和6任一所述的一种水解聚马来酸酐的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的水溶性偶氮类引发剂为质量百分比浓度10-20%的水溶液;还原物质水溶液的质量百分比浓度为5-15%。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述,其特征在于,所述复合引发体系中,水溶性偶氮类引发剂水溶液先于还原性物质水溶液0-30min滴加完毕。
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