WO2021082395A1

WO2021082395A1 - Biofilm planting device and method suitable for growing submerged plants in black and odorous water

Info

Publication number: WO2021082395A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/089917
Authority: WO
Inventors: 高燕; 杨柳燕; 倪宏伟; 王玉磊; 王鸣轩; 郑超群; 马汤鸣
Original assignee: 南京大学; 无锡市宏腾塑胶厂; 南京博达环境科技有限公司
Priority date: 2019-10-28
Filing date: 2020-05-13
Publication date: 2021-05-06
Also published as: CN110651704A

Abstract

A biofilm planting device and method suitable for growing submerged plants in black and odorous water. The biofilm planting device comprises an external buoyancy adjusting area (1) and an internal biofilm stringed bag planting area (2). The buoyancy adjusting area (1) comprises a buoyancy frame (1-1) and a buoy (1-2), and the buoyancy frame is formed by mixing cement and foamed polypropylene plastic particles. The biofilm stringed bag planting area (2) comprises a lining frame (2-1), biofilm planting net cells (2-2), planting stringed bags (2-3), a planting substrate (2-4), and submerged plants (2-5). The planting stringed bags (2-3) are uniformly arranged in the lining frame (1-1), and are formed by processing polypropylene filaments and have the function of loading biofilms. A submerged plant planting substrate (2-4) for adsorbing ammonia nitrogen and purifying water is contained in the planting stringed bags (2-3). The outer side surface of the buoyancy frame (1-1) is provided with a link fastener, so that a plurality of biofilm planting devices can be connected. Also disclosed is a corresponding planting method. The height of the biofilm planting device can be adjusted by means of the buoyancy adjusting frame and the buoy so as to provide a favorable growth environment for submerged plants.

Description

Biofilm planting device and method suitable for growth of submerged plants in black and odorous water

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of ecological restoration of water bodies, in particular to a biofilm planting device and method that can improve the growth of submerged plants in black and odorous water bodies, and is particularly suitable for the restoration and regeneration of submerged plants in water bodies heavily polluted by nitrogen and phosphorus.

Background technique

In recent years, with the development of cities and the improvement of the level of economic development, a large amount of waste is discharged into urban rivers, making the ecological environment problems of urban rivers in our country increasingly serious. In 2018, a special inspection by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment found that 70 cities had reported 1,127 black and odorous water bodies for inclusion in the national list. Submerged plants can improve the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the water body, and can also be used as a habitat for aquatic animals. Under certain conditions, it can also inhibit the growth of algae. The repair and regeneration of submerged plants are particularly important for the restoration of black and odorous water bodies. . In the process of ecological restoration of urban black and smelly river water, there are more and more examples of ecological restoration of water bodies starting from submerged plants. However, the use of submerged plants to reduce the black and odor of the water body is single, and the excessively high ammonia nitrogen in the black and odorous water and the sediment has a greater impact on the plant roots. Research has found that the high ammonia nitrogen concentration (especially when the ammonia nitrogen concentration is higher than 8mg/L) It has a certain inhibitory effect on the germination and growth of submerged plants. Too high will cause plant roots to fail to grow, and even rot or death of plants. Ni Leyi et al. found that 5mg/L ammonia nitrogen under hydroponic conditions through indoor simulation methods Begin to inhibit the growth of Ceratophyllum demersum (Cao Te, Ni Leyi. The response of Ceratophyllum demersum to the increase of inorganic nitrogen in water[J].Journal of Hydrobiology,2004,28(3):299-303); Research by Jin Xiangcan et al. found that when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is 8mg/L (slightly black and odorous water), the stress effect of ammonia nitrogen on Hydrilla verticillata is more obvious than that on Myriophyllum spicatum (Jin Xiangcan, Guo Junxiu, Xu Qiujin, etc. Different mass concentrations The effect of ammonia nitrogen on the antioxidant enzyme system of Hydrilla verticillata and Myriophyllum spicatum[J].Ecology and Environment,2008(1):1-5); Wei Min et al. found that 8mg/L may be a critical value through microcosm experiment research, if water If the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the body is higher than this, it will inhibit the germination and growth of bitter grass. When the concentration of ammonia nitrogen increased to 16mg/L (severe black and odorous water), the germination rate decreased, which had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of Vallisneria vulgaris. China Health Industry, 2011,8(11X):14-14); Yan Changzhou and other studies found that too high ammonia nitrogen concentration (higher than 8mg/L and 16mg/L) will affect the normal physiological metabolism of Hydrilla verticillata and inhibit its growth (Yan Changzhou ,Zeng Ayan,Jin Xiangcan, et al. The physiological effects of different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen on Hydrilla verticillata[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007(3):1050-1055). Therefore, how to reduce the stress of ammonia nitrogen in the black and smelly water on the growth of submerged plants has become the research focus and difficulty of the ecological restoration process of the black and smelly water.

At present, the main repair methods for the survival rate of submerged plants in high-ammonia nitrogen black and odorous water are: adding bio-promoting agents, oxidants, bio-accelerators, etc. to improve the transparency and dissolved oxygen content of the overlying water, thereby increasing the submerged plants Survival rate (Zhang Xue. The repairing effect of the growth of the grass roots on the black and odorous water body[D].2017); add a bottom mud covering agent, use soil, diatomaceous earth, H2O2, KMnO4 to cover, etc. to change the bottom mud to promote The growth of submerged plants (Xia Lei, Liu Guo, Chen Chunmei, et al. Study on in-situ soil mulch enhanced by stabilizers inhibiting the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from river sediments[J].Environmental Engineering,2016,34(9):114-118) ；In-situ injection of calcium nitrate technology to repair polluted sediments (Liu Jun, Liu Tongzhou, Zhao Da. In-situ injection of calcium nitrate technology to repair polluted sediments affects the release of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in sediments[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Technology ,2015(2):23-27). However, the above-mentioned repair methods using chemical agents in situ will bring about side effects such as insufficient response and serious waste of agents, leading to secondary pollution. At the same time, in 2018, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Environment jointly issued a document stating that in-situ restoration of rivers and spraying of chemicals as the main treatment measures were deemed unqualified. However, the traditionally developed aquatic plant planters are easy to sink with the growth of plants, and the stress effect of ammonia nitrogen in the black and smelly water on the growth of submerged plants is not considered. Therefore, it is not suitable to be applied to the submerged plants in the black and smelly water. Recovery and regeneration.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of black and odorous rivers that pollute the water environment, especially the difficult growth of submerged plants caused by high ammonia nitrogen on the germination and growth stress, and to provide a method suitable for submersion in black and odorous waters. Biofilm planting device and method for plant growth. The present invention effectively improves the effect of ammonia nitrogen on submerged water in black and odorous water by adjusting the height of the biofilm planting device in the water body, the microbial effect of the biofilm mesh bag, and the adsorption of the planting substrate in stages. The stress effect of plants can improve the transparency of black and smelly water bodies, and effectively improve the repair and regeneration ability of submerged plants in black and smelly water bodies.

The biofilm planting device includes a buoyancy adjustment zone and a biofilm mesh bag planting zone. The buoyancy adjustment zone includes a buoyancy frame with a buoyancy adjustment function and a buoy; the biofilm mesh bag planting zone is composed of an inner lining frame and a biological membrane. Membrane planting net small grid, planting net bag, planting substrate and submerged plants.

The shape of the biofilm planting device is round or rectangular, depending on the specific location of the treatment river, generally rectangular devices are used at the revetment, and round devices are used in the water body.

The material of the buoyancy frame is formed by uniformly mixing cement and foamed polypropylene plastic particles in a certain ratio (1:1-5), and the outline size of the buoyancy frame is the same as the outline size of the biofilm mesh bag planting area frame Matches, has a certain buoyancy. The material of the pontoon is a low-density polyethylene material with a size of 20cm×15cm×10cm, and the position of the biofilm planting device in the black and smelly water body can be adjusted.

The lining frame of the planting area of the material film net bag is made of polyethylene material, and the biofilm planting net grids of 4-20cm×4-20cm are evenly covered, and the planting grids are connected to form a biofilm net bag Planting area.

The biofilm planting net bag is arranged on the inner liner frame, and the said planting net bag is formed by intersecting the blank areas between the inner liner frames by polypropylene filaments; the specific method is: polypropylene material After the high temperature extruder, the water sample is melted into the micro-holes of the mold, and high-pressure air is blown out. During the blowing process, part of the polypropylene filaments are directly fixed to the inner liner frame, and some of the filaments cross each other to form the inner liner. The planting mesh bag under the frame; the diameter of the mold micropore is 1-2mm, the thickness of the polypropylene wire of the formed mesh bag is 1-2mm, the aperture of the planting mesh bag is 0.1-1mm, and the length of the planting mesh bag is 5-20cm; The dense filaments of the planting net bag can be used as the carrier of the biofilm of the water body, effectively increasing the biomass of microorganisms and zooplankton.

The submerged plant planting substrate is bio-ceramsite (particle size 2-4mm), clinoptilolite (particle size 3-6mm), biomass charcoal (mainly bamboo charcoal, pine charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, etc., particle size 3- 5mm), magnetite (particle size 0.5mm) are arranged in layers from top to bottom. The volume ratio of the above substrate is 20%, 30%, 25%, 25%, which can improve the effect of submerged plant planting substrate on ammonia nitrogen and nitrate in the water body. The adsorption and removal capacity of nitrogen and phosphate, while improving the transparency of the water body;

Another object of the present invention is to provide a biofilm planting device suitable for the growth of submerged plants in black and odorous water. The method includes the following steps:

A. The submerged plant planting substrate bioceramsite, clinoptilolite, biomass charcoal, and magnetite are arranged in the biofilm planting net bag sequentially from top to bottom, and the submerged plants are planted in submerged water. In the planting substrate;

B. Install the device described in any one of the above claims, and arrange the biofilm planting device with submerged plants in the black and odorous water or on the shore, and link through the link button;

C. In the later stage, according to the change of ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water body, change the number of buoys to adjust the height of the biofilm planting device in the water body;

D. Carry out routine maintenance and management of submerged plants, and regularly harvest, replace and clean them.

Beneficial effects: The present invention uses cement and foamed polypropylene plastic particles to mix in a certain ratio to form a buoyancy frame with a certain buoyancy, adjust the buoyancy by adjusting the number of buoys, and adjust the biofilm planting device according to the change in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the polluted water. The position in the water body, thereby reducing the toxic effect of the direct release of ammonia nitrogen from the bottom mud on the submerged plants; the use of high-strength and light-weight polypropylene wire mesh as the planting mesh bag for submerged plants can be used as a carrier of biofilms or as a carrier for submerged plants. Improve the activity space of denitrification microorganisms, protozoa and micrometazoa in the water body; the mixed planting substrate can effectively reduce the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the submerged plant planting environment, and can also improve the transparency of the water body, and the planting mesh bag has a larger aperture. It can effectively reduce its water blocking ability, and finally achieve the effect of submerged plants in effectively repairing black and odorous water bodies and beautifying the environment.

Description of the drawings

The drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

In the attached picture:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a biofilm planting device; among them, 1~buoyancy adjustment zone; 2~biofilm mesh bag planting zone;

1-1～Buoyancy frame; 1-2～Pontoon; 1-3～link buckle;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the biofilm mesh bag planting area in the biofilm mesh bag planting area; among them, 2-1～inner frame; 2-2～biofilm planting net small grid; 2-3～planting net bag; 2- 4～Planting substrate; 2-5～Submerged plants;

Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the planting net.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Example 1

The present invention provides a biofilm planting device and method suitable for the growth of submerged plants in black and odorous water. As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the biofilm planting device includes a buoyancy adjustment zone 1 and a biofilm mesh bag planting zone. 2. The buoyancy adjustment area is composed of a buoyancy frame 1-1 and a float 1-2, and the biofilm mesh bag planting area is covered by the lining frame 2-1 with planting mesh bags 2-3, planting substrates 2-4 and sinks. Biofilm planting cell 2-2 composed of water plants 2-5; buoyancy frame 1-1 contains cement and foamed polypropylene (PP) plastic particles, by adjusting the ratio (1∶1-5) and float 1 -2 to adjust its buoyancy in the body of water; the outer side of the buoyancy adjustment frame is provided with a link 1-3 with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm to facilitate assembly in the body of water; the outer dimensions of the lining frame 2-1 The outer dimensions of the biofilm net bag planting area 2 are matched to ensure that the inner lining frame can be completely fixed in the planting area; the planting net bag 2-3 is lined on the inner lining frame 2-1 and is integrally formed , Its material is made of PP material with high strength and light weight. The planting mesh bag 2-3 is formed by intersecting polypropylene filaments in the blank area between the inner lining frame 2-1; the specific method is: the polypropylene material is melted into a water sample through a high-temperature extruder and then enters The mold has micro holes and blown out with high-pressure air. During the blowing process, part of the polypropylene filaments are directly fixed on the liner frame, and some of the filaments cross each other to form a planting net bag under the liner frame; the mold The diameter of the micropores is 1-2mm, the thickness of the polypropylene wire formed in the mesh bag is 1-2mm, the aperture of the planting mesh bag is 0.1-1mm, and the length of the planting mesh bag is 5-20cm; the dense filaments of the planting mesh bag can be As a carrier of water biofilm, it can effectively increase the biomass of microorganisms and zooplankton. As a carrier of biofilm, it can effectively increase the biomass of microorganisms and zooplankton; planting mesh bags 2-3 are lined on the lining frame 2-1 and are integrally formed. The material selection has strong corrosion resistance, light weight and easy Replacement features; the above-mentioned biofilm planting device is easy to make a reasonable match according to the ammonia nitrogen content in the water body and the selection of submerged plants of different pollution-resistant varieties, optimize the configuration of low-stability and high-stability submerged plants, and effectively improve the black and odorous water body Ammonia nitrogen removal effect;

The planting mesh bag 2-3 is a bag made of polypropylene (PP) silk, with a pore size of 0.1-1.0 mm, and has the characteristics of water permeable and impermeable substrate. The use of planting mesh bags 2-3 to plant submerged plants 2-5 can effectively protect the roots of submerged plants, which is more conducive to the germination rate of submerged plant seeds, promotes the growth of biofilm on the planting mesh bags, and improves the removal of ammonia and nitrogen. Removal ability promotes the recovery and regeneration of submerged plants in black and odorous water, and helps to increase the recovery and growth content of protozoa and micrometazoa in the water, and promotes the recovery and regeneration of submerged plants in black and odorous water.

The planting net bag 2-3 is also filled with a planting substrate 2-4. The submerged plant planting substrate is bioceramsite (particle size 2-4mm), clinoptilolite (particle size 3-6mm), and biomass charcoal (mainly Bamboo charcoal, pine charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, etc., with a particle size of 3-5mm), and magnetite (with a particle size of 0.5mm) are arranged in layers from top to bottom. The volume ratio of the above matrix is 20%, 30%, 25%, 25%, improve the absorption and removal capacity of submerged plant substrates for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and phosphate in the water body, and at the same time improve the transparency of the water body;

The biofilm planting device of the present invention can adjust the height of the device in the black and smelly water body according to the content of the ammonia nitrogen in the water body. On the basis of providing a favorable water environment for the growth of submerged plants, it is beneficial to the ammonia nitrogen in the black and smelly water body. Removal and improvement of water transparency. It provides a good water environment for the recovery and regeneration of submerged plants, and is beneficial to the recovery and regeneration of submerged plants in black and smelly rivers.

Example 2

The present invention also provides a method for planting submerged plants. The method includes the following steps:

A. Planting submerged plants with bio-ceramsite (particle size 2-4mm), clinoptilolite (particle size 3-6mm), biomass charcoal (mainly bamboo charcoal, pine charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, etc., with a particle size of 3 -5mm), magnetite (with a particle size of 0.5mm) are layered in the biofilm planting mesh bag from top to bottom, and submerged plants are planted in a submerged plant planting matrix;

B. Combine and install the device described in any one of the above claims, and arrange the biofilm planting device with submerged plants in the black and smelly water or on the shore, and link through the link button ；

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can still be described in detail. The specific implementation of the invention is modified or some technical features are equivalently replaced; without departing from the spiritual connotation of the technical solution of the present invention, all of them shall be covered by the scope of the technical solution claimed by the present invention.

Claims

A biofilm planting device suitable for the growth of submerged plants in black and odorous water is characterized in that: the biofilm planting device comprises a buoyancy adjustment zone (1) and a biofilm mesh bag planting zone (2), and the buoyancy adjustment The area (1) includes a buoyancy frame (1-1) and a pontoon (1-2); the biofilm mesh bag planting area (2) is composed of an inner lining frame (2-1), a biofilm planting mesh grid (2) -2), a planting net bag (2-3), a planting substrate (2-4) and a submerged plant (2-5); the biofilm planting device is linked by a link button (1-3).
The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shape of the biofilm planting device depends on the specific location of the treatment river, a rectangular device is used at the revetment, and a circular device is used in the water body.
The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the buoyancy frame (1-1) is formed by uniformly mixing cement and foamed polypropylene plastic particles, and the outer dimensions of the buoyancy frame (1-1) are the same as those of the buoyancy frame (1-1). The outer frame of the inner lining frame (2-1) matches the frame size; the pontoon material is a low-density polyethylene material, and the position of the biofilm planting mesh bag planting area (2) in the black and smelly water body can be adjusted.
The device according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the cement and the foamed polypropylene plastic particles is 1:1-5; the size of the pontoon material is 20cm×15cm×10cm.
The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lining frame (2-1) is made of polyethylene material.
The device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the inner lining frame (2-1) is evenly covered with 4-20cm×4-20cm biofilm planting nets (2-2), the planting The grids are connected to form a biofilm net bag planting area (2).
The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planting mesh bag (2-3) is formed by intersecting the blank area between the inner lining frame (2-1) of polypropylene wire; the specific method It is: polypropylene material is melted into a water sample through a high-temperature extruder, and then enters the micro-holes of the mold, and is blown out by high-pressure air. During the blowing process, part of the polypropylene filament is directly fixed to the inner lining frame, and some of the filaments are mutually connected. Cross to form a planting mesh bag under the inner lining frame; the diameter of the mold's pores is 1-2mm, the thickness of the formed mesh bag polypropylene wire is 1-2mm, and the planting mesh bag has a diameter of 0.1-1mm. The length of the planting net bag is 5-20cm; the dense filaments of the planting net bag can be used as the carrier of the biofilm of the water body, effectively increasing the biomass of microorganisms and zooplankton.
The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the submerged plant planting substrate (2-4) is bioceramsite, clinoptilolite, biomass charcoal, and magnetite arranged in layers from top to bottom. The volume ratio of the matrix is 20%, 30%, 25%, 25%.
The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 2-4mm, and the particle size of the clinoptilolite is 3-6mm; the biomass charcoal is bamboo charcoal, pine charcoal, and coconut charcoal. Shell charcoal, with a particle size of 3-5mm; magnetite, with a particle size of 0.5mm.
A biofilm planting method suitable for the growth of submerged plants in black and odorous water is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: A. Laying submerged plant planting substrates (2-4) layered on the biofilm planting Inside the net bag (2-3), and plant the submerged plants (2-5) in the planting substrate (2-4);

B. Install the device according to any one of the above claims 1-9, and arrange the biofilm planting device with submerged plants in the black and smelly water or on the shore, through the link button ( 1-3) Link;

C. In the later stage, according to the change of ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water body, change the number of buoys (1-2) to adjust the height of the biofilm planting device in the water body;

D. Carry out routine maintenance and management in the later stage, and regularly harvest, replace and clean up submerged plants.