WO2021080404A1

WO2021080404A1 - Method of producing biological substrate

Info

Publication number: WO2021080404A1
Application number: PCT/KZ2019/000020
Authority: WO
Inventors: Кунсулу Закарья; Куаныш РАКИШЕВ; Зинигуль САРМУРЗИНА; Гульмира БИСЕНОВА; Майра УРАЗОВА; Анель РАКИШЕВА; Аслан ТЕМИРХАНОВ
Original assignee: Кунсулу Закарья; Куаныш РАКИШЕВ
Priority date: 2019-10-24
Filing date: 2019-10-29
Publication date: 2021-04-29

Abstract

The invention relates to biotechnology. A method is proposed for producing a biological substrate from commercial dairy farm wastes. The method includes mixing biological wastes with water in a 1:2 or 1:3 ratio, stirring at a temperature of 20-30°C, separating the solid fraction from the liquid fraction, and then adding to the liquid fraction a consortium of the microbial strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z4 Y-RKM 0843, Lactobacillus casei RKM 0844 and Streptomyces collinus PI Ac-RKM 0845 in a quantity of 5-15% of the total weight of the liquid fraction. The method makes it possible to produce a biological substrate for treating agricultural land.

Description

METHOD FOR OBTAINING BIOLOGICAL SUBSTRATE

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to green technologies for processing animal waste and can be used for the production of biological substrates for growing organic crops (wheat, lentils, peas, chickpeas, flax, rapeseed and others) that meet European organic farming standards, with export sales and accompanying waste-free technology for the production of bedding material for dairy farms.

PRIOR ART

The intensification of agriculture, which has recently been taking place all over the world, has a negative impact not only on the environment, but also depletes natural resources, without which the conduct of agro-industrial production requires significant material costs. Organic agriculture has environmental benefits in that it conserves natural resources while reducing emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane that contribute to global warming. Organic farming also has significant health benefits. First, it reduces the risk of loss of health for agricultural workers who are most sensitive to pesticides and other chemicals used in intensive agricultural production. Second, organic foods are healthier for consumers by minimizing the health impact of toxic and stubborn chemicals and increasing nutrients, minerals and vitamins. One of the modern global trends - organic agriculture is actively gaining momentum all over the world.Over the past 16 years, its areas have increased 4 times, more than 2 million organic producers have been certified, more than three quarters of which are located in developing countries. Currently, organic production accounts for about \% of the world's agricultural land.

Kazakhstan has high potential opportunities for the agricultural sector in the production of organic products. Analysis of the ecological state of land shows that at least 50% of arable land and 70% of pastures are not contaminated by the impact on the soil of industrial and agro-industrial complexes, radionuclides and, by their natural characteristics, are suitable for the production of environmentally friendly products.

The known method of accelerated composting for fast, efficient processing of organic waste into high-quality organic fertilizer. The biological product consists of effective strains of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Cellulomonas, Arthrobacter, Streptococcus, Propionibacterium Erwinia and is used for fast, efficient processing of organic waste into high-quality organic fertilizer; for flushing sewage, spraying equipment and premises for stall keeping of farm animals and poultry; treatment of reservoirs for collecting sewage for the purpose of disinfection by colonizing with microbes-antagonists putrefactive, pyogenic and pathogenic microflora; to reduce the concentration of ammonia and other harmful unpleasant vapors in the air. To prepare compost, one part of the preparation was diluted in 100 parts of settled non-chlorinated water and a mixture of three different types of organic matter was moistened layer by layer with the resulting solution: cut weeds, kitchen waste and cattle manure. livestock at the rate of 5-7 liters of solution per 1 m of organic matter with a layer of 20 cm. The compost heap was tightly covered with plastic wrap to restrict air access. At an air temperature of + 20-25 ° C, fully fermented compost was obtained in 45-60 days. A working solution 1: 250 (0.4% solution) was prepared from the preparation in settled and chlorinated water. The solution was sprayed on the pig farm in an amount of 100-200 ml per square meter of surface (floors, walls, ceilings, drainage ditches, equipment) every 3-4 days using a sprayer with a powerful nozzle. Unpleasant odors disappeared slowly / RU 2347808 О, 27.02.2009 /.

The disadvantage of this analogue is that the resulting active organic fertilizer pollutes the environment due to the lack of practical recommendations for the conditions: composting of manure, optimal doses of its introduction into the soil, taking into account the types of manure and used fillers, soil composition, relief, climatic conditions, environmental setting, economic criteria.

There is a known method for the production of active organic fertilizer from waste products, which consists in the fact that mechanical impurities are removed, supply, movement, as well as simultaneous mixing and homogenization, and the waste stream is directed tangentially for mixing and homogenization, creating a rotating vortex medium, obtain homogenized suspension with a density of 1.26-1.3 g / cm ³ , act on it with an energy-saturated, electromagnetic rotating field with magnetic domains, which dispergate waste products with the destruction of chemical and biological structures at the molecular level, thereby obtaining a sterile emulsion, which is then separated into fractions, while the organic fraction with a moisture content of 85-87% is isolated into an independent nutrient medium and introduced into it additives in the form of strains of soil-forming microorganisms. The complex for the production of active organic fertilizer from waste products includes a waste treatment unit, a simultaneous mixing and homogenization unit, means for feeding and moving masses, and it is additionally equipped with a process activation unit with magnetic domains, a fraction separation unit, a mixer and a dispenser for additives LSh 2546168 C1, publ. 10.04.2015 /.

The disadvantage of this analogue is that the resulting active organic fertilizer pollutes the environment due to the lack of practical recommendations on the conditions for composting manure, the optimal dose of its introduction into the soil, taking into account the types of manure and used fillers, soil composition, relief, climatic conditions, the state of the environmental tanovki, economic criteria.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for producing a biological substrate using green technologies.

The technical result is environmental friendliness and safety for the environment, an increase in the germination of agricultural crops (wheat, lentils, peas, chickpeas, leu, wound and others), which provides an increase in soil fertility, serves as an alternative replacement for mineral fertilizers and contributes to the production of organic agricultural products.

This is achieved by the fact that the method of obtaining a biological substrate, including mixing biological waste with water and strains of microorganisms, followed by their processing, according to the invention, the waste of a dairy farm is transferred to a liquid phase block of a reservoir-homogenizer by mixing with water at a ratio of components from 1: 2 to 1: 3 and a temperature of 20-30 ° C using a mixer, then using a mobile pump, the liquid phase is fed into the separator, followed by the separation of the solid fraction from the liquid fraction, then the liquid fraction from the separator is fed to the clarified phase block, the homogenization tank with the addition of a consortium of bacterial strains of microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z4 Y-RKM 0843, Lactobacillus easel RK L2 / 2C and Streptomyces collinus PI Ac-RKM 0845 in the amount of 5-15% of the total weight of the liquid fraction, followed by obtaining a biological substrate in lagoons and treating agricultural areas with it using a hose system.

As a result of this work, the authors obtained a biosubstrate base consisting of a consortium of non-genetically modified bacterial strains of microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z4 Y-RKM 0843, Lactobacillus casei 12 / 2CB RKM 0844 and Streptomyces collinus PI Ac-RKM 0845. Bacterial activity relation to opportunistic microorganisms.

These bacteria act as biostimulants of cultivated plants. Their use in the technology of cultivation of industrial crops increased their germination by 20-40%. This consortium is promising for obtaining an increase in soil fertility in agriculture, serves as an alternative replacement for mineral fertilizers and contributes to the production of organic agricultural products.

The main equipment of green technology for the production of biosubstrates for growing organic crops (wheat, lentils, peas, chickpeas, flax, rapeseed and others) that meet European organic farming standards are:

- tank homogenizer with a submersible mixer (mixer);

- movable pump;

- press auger separator; hose system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The claimed invention is illustrated in Fig. 1.

Figure 1 shows a pictorial diagram of the operation of the claimed method of obtaining a biological substrate from the waste of dairy farms.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention is carried out as follows.

Industrial manure effluents from all production buildings are fed through a central gravity collector to the receiving concrete homogenizing tank of the separation workshop (offer), mounted between the biosubstrate storage tanks (lagoons) and the production buildings.

The homogenizing tank is used for receiving, current accumulation, mixing and homogenization (creating a homogeneous mass) of industrial effluents with a submersible mixer (mixer), followed by pumping out the effluents with a mobile pump into a preliminary separator. Mixing of manure with water in a homogenizing tank is carried out in a ratio from 1: 2 to 1: 3 at a temperature of 20-30 ° C. A biological product based on active microorganisms (probiotic lactic acid bacteria and yeast) in the amount of 5-15% of the total weight of the liquid fraction is introduced into the block of the clarified phase of the tank-homogenizer, which is uniformly mixed with manure using a submersible machine.

The first step in the process is to separate the coarse, hard fibers in a specially designed screw press separator. The separator squeezes out solid fibers and reduces moisture to a minimum. Further, the separated solid fraction is used as fertilizer in agricultural areas. Also on the separator of the bioreactor, along with the solid, a liquid fraction is formed. Liquid fraction, it's already not liquid manure, but a liquid biosubstrate obtained by adding to the bioreactor a biological product based on active microorganisms (probiotic lactic acid bacteria and yeast), which accelerates the process of aerobic fermentation. The liquid biosubstrate is directed to the clarified phase unit for accumulation and then pumped into the lagoons. The liquid biosubstrate from the lagoons is pumped into organic fields using a hose system and evenly distributed over the entire arable land.

As a result of the application of the claimed method, a green technology will be introduced for the production of biological substrates for the cultivation of organic crops (wheat, lentils, peas, chickpeas, flax, rapeseed and others), corresponding to European standards of organic farming, with implementation for export, as well as the accompanying waste-free technology production of bedding material for dairy farms. This method will solve many environmental, food, socio-economic problems:

- Environmental: bio-utilization of waste from dairy farms reduces the negative impact of greenhouse gases on soil, air and groundwater;

- Agricultural: obtaining an organic biosubstrate for use in organic farming;

- Food: using organic biosubstrates to obtain organic products, i.e. growing crops without the use of mineral fertilizers;

Social: Creation of new jobs, which contributes to economic growth in Kazakhstan.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A method of obtaining a biological substrate, including mixing biological waste with water and strains of microorganisms and their subsequent processing, characterized in that the waste of a dairy farm is transferred into a liquid phase block of a reservoir-homogenizer by mixing with water at a ratio of components from 1: 2 up to 1: 3 and a temperature of 20-30 ° C using a mixer, then using a mobile pump, the liquid phase is fed into the separator, followed by the separation of the solid fraction from the liquid fraction, then the liquid fraction from the separator is fed into the clarified phase block, the tank-homogenizer with the addition of a consortium bacterial strains of microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z4 Y-RKM 0843, Lactobacillus easel 12 / 2CB RKM 0844 and Streptomyces collimts PI Ac-RKM 0845 in the amount of 5-15% of the total weight of the liquid fraction, followed by obtaining a biological substrate in lagoons and processing agricultural areas with it using a hose system.