WO2021079692A1 - 油脂の劣化予測装置、劣化予測システム、劣化予測方法、油脂交換システム及びフライヤーシステム - Google Patents
油脂の劣化予測装置、劣化予測システム、劣化予測方法、油脂交換システム及びフライヤーシステム Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 title abstract 8
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/036—Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J37/00—Baking; Roasting; Grilling; Frying
- A47J37/12—Deep fat fryers, e.g. for frying fish or chips
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J37/00—Baking; Roasting; Grilling; Frying
- A47J37/12—Deep fat fryers, e.g. for frying fish or chips
- A47J37/1266—Control devices, e.g. to control temperature, level or quality of the frying liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
- G01N33/03—Edible oils or edible fats
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/022—Liquids
- G01N2291/0226—Oils, e.g. engine oils
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a deterioration prediction device for predicting the degree of deterioration of fats and oils, a deterioration prediction system, a deterioration prediction method, a fats and oil exchange system, and a fryer system.
- the edible oils and fats used when cooking fried foods deteriorate when the ingredients are cooked many times, so it is necessary to replace them at an appropriate time.
- an apparatus is known that detects and determines the color tone, viscosity, odor, etc. of the fats and oils.
- a sensor unit is attached to a ventilation fan above the oil tank.
- This sensor unit has a sensitive film that adsorbs gas molecules that are the source of odors and a transducer that converts gas molecules adhering to the sensitive film into electrical signals, and detects odors generated from cooking oil.
- the control unit of the detection device determines the degree of deterioration of the cooking oil based on the information on the odor detected by the sensor unit during deep-fried cooking and the type of food cooked using the cooking oil (paragraph). 0017, 0021, FIG. 1).
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a deterioration prediction device capable of predicting deterioration of fats and oils easily and accurately.
- the deterioration prediction device of the present invention is a deterioration prediction device that predicts the degree of deterioration of edible fats and oils, and includes an acoustic data acquisition unit that acquires acoustic data when cooking fried foods using the fats and oils contained in the oil tank. Based on the index extraction unit that extracts an index related to the deterioration of the fat and oil from the acoustic data acquired by the acoustic data acquisition unit and the index extracted by the index extraction unit, the degree of deterioration of the fat and oil is determined. It is characterized in that it includes a determination unit for determining.
- the acoustic data acquisition unit of the deterioration prediction device acquires acoustic data of fats and oils when cooking fried foods such as tempura.
- the index extraction unit extracts various acoustic components such as frequency average and frequency standard deviation from this acoustic data as indexes related to deterioration of fats and oils.
- the determination unit determines the degree of deterioration of the fat or oil based on the index, that is, whether or not the deterioration has progressed due to use. As a result, the present device can easily and accurately predict the deterioration of fats and oils.
- the deterioration prediction device of the present invention further includes a notification unit for notifying the degree of deterioration of the fat or oil or the timing of replacement of the fat or oil, and the notification unit is replaced by a determination unit based on the degree of deterioration of the fat or oil. When it is determined that the threshold value of is exceeded, it is preferable to perform the above notification.
- the notification unit of the deterioration prediction device notifies the degree of deterioration of the fat and oil, so that the user can grasp the usage status of the fat and oil. Further, since the notification unit notifies the timing of oil / fat replacement from a predetermined threshold value based on the determination result of the determination unit, the user can exchange the oil / fat at an appropriate timing.
- the "replacement timing" may be the timing at which the fat or oil is actually replaced, or may be the remaining usable time estimated from the current degree of deterioration of the fat or oil.
- the indicators include frequency average, frequency standard deviation, frequency median value, frequency standard error, frequency most frequent value, frequency first quartile, frequency third quartile, and the like. It is preferably one or more selected from frequency quartile range, frequency center of gravity, frequency skewness, frequency crutsis, frequency spectrum flatness, frequency spectrum entropy, frequency spectrum accuracy, acoustic complexity index, acoustic entropy, and dominant frequency.
- one or a plurality of the indicators having a high correlation with the deterioration of fats and oils are selected.
- the present device can accurately predict the deterioration.
- the deterioration prediction system of the present invention comprises a detection device and a machine learning device, and is a deterioration prediction system that predicts the degree of deterioration of edible fats and oils.
- the acoustic data acquisition unit for acquiring acoustic data when cooking a storage unit for storing a learning model created by the machine learning device capable of determining deterioration of fats and oils, and the learning model
- the machine learning device includes a determination unit for determining the degree of deterioration of the fat and oil from the data, and the machine learning device extracts an index related to the deterioration of the fat and oil from the acoustic data acquired by the acoustic data acquisition unit and obtains the index. It is characterized in that it includes a learning model creation unit that performs machine learning by linear regression using the above and creates the learning model.
- the deterioration prediction system of the present invention is composed of a detection device and a machine learning device.
- the acoustic data acquisition unit acquires acoustic data of fats and oils when cooking fried food
- the determination unit determines the degree of deterioration of fats and oils using a learning model.
- the learning model creation unit extracts the index related to the deterioration of fats and oils from the acquired acoustic data, and performs machine learning by linear regression. As a result, the learning model is updated, so that the system can easily and accurately predict the deterioration of fats and oils.
- the linear regression is preferably one or more selected from simple regression, multiple regression, partial least squares (PLS) regression, or orthogonal projected partial least squares (OPLS) regression.
- PLS partial least squares
- OPLS orthogonal projected partial least squares
- linear regression such as simple regression, multiple regression, partial least squares (PLS) regression, and orthogonal projected partial least squares (OPLS) regression to create the training model.
- PLS partial least squares
- OPLS orthogonal projected partial least squares
- the detection device and the machine learning device are integrated.
- the integrated deterioration prediction system of the present invention by installing the integrated deterioration prediction system of the present invention near the oil tank in a store or factory, the user can acquire the prediction result of the deterioration of fats and oils on the spot.
- the detection device is installed near the oil tank of the store or factory, and the machine learning device is installed at a remote place away from the store or factory. Is preferable.
- the detection device having an acoustic data acquisition unit or the like is installed near the oil tank of the store or factory, but the machine learning device may be installed at a remote location of the store. Since the machine learning device is a device separate from the detection device, the learning model created by the machine learning device can be acquired by communication or the like.
- the detection device includes a first communication unit that transmits the acoustic data acquired by the acoustic data acquisition unit to the machine learning device, and the machine learning device includes the detection. It is preferable to include a second communication unit that receives the acoustic data from the device.
- the detection device Since the detection device is equipped with the first communication unit, acoustic data is transmitted to the machine learning device. Further, since the machine learning device includes a second communication unit, it receives the acoustic data and performs machine learning. When the detection device and the machine learning device are separate devices, this system can send and receive data at each communication unit and share the necessary work.
- the first communication unit and the second communication unit are capable of wireless communication.
- the detection device can transmit acoustic data to the machine learning device by wireless communication by the first communication unit, the function of the detection device can be minimized and the size can be reduced.
- the deterioration prediction method of the present invention is a deterioration prediction method for predicting the degree of deterioration of edible fats and oils, and includes an acoustic data acquisition step for acquiring acoustic data when cooking fried foods using the fats and oils, and the acoustic data.
- An index extraction step for extracting an index related to the deterioration of the fat and oil from the acoustic data acquired in the acquisition step, a determination step for determining the degree of deterioration of the fat and oil based on the index extracted in the index extraction step, and a determination step. It is characterized by having.
- the acoustic data acquisition step the acoustic data of fats and oils when cooking fried food such as tempura is acquired.
- various acoustic components such as frequency average and frequency standard deviation are extracted from this acoustic data as indexes related to the deterioration of fats and oils.
- the degree of deterioration of the fat or oil that is, whether or not the deterioration has progressed due to use is determined based on the index. As a result, this method can predict the deterioration of fats and oils easily and accurately.
- the oil / fat exchange system of the present invention a) notifies the oil / fat distributor and orders a new oil / fat based on the notification information regarding the degree of deterioration of the oil / fat output from the above-mentioned deterioration prediction device, and b) manufactures the oil / fat. Notify the trader to formulate a production plan or sales plan for fats and oils, c) Notify the general headquarters of the store or factory, or the fats and oils manufacturer, and propose or instruct the supervising store or factory how to use fats and oils. , D) Notify the waste oil recovery company or oil / fat manufacturer to arrange the collection of waste oil, e) Notify the cleaning work operator and arrange the cleaning of the oil tank, which are characterized by performing one or more. And.
- the oil / fat exchange system of the present invention for example, when the notification information is notified a predetermined number of times, the oil / fat dealer is notified and a new oil / fat is ordered based on the notification information regarding the degree of deterioration of the oil / fat.
- the fats and oils manufacturer is notified to formulate a fats and oils production plan or a sales plan.
- this system can establish a manufacturing and sales plan according to the pace of oil and fat exchange.
- the general headquarters of the store or factory or the fat or oil manufacturer is notified based on the notification information, and the supervising store or factory is proposed or instructed on how to use the fat or oil.
- the headquarters instruct each store to use oils and fats without waste and while replacing them as appropriate.
- the waste oil recovery company is notified to arrange the collection of waste oil, and the cleaning operator is notified to arrange the cleaning of the oil tank. Therefore, this system quickly performs from the supply of oil and fat to the waste oil. be able to.
- the fryer system of the present invention includes a valve control unit that controls a valve provided in the oil tank based on the notification information regarding the degree of deterioration of the oil and fat output from the deterioration prediction device described above, and the valve control unit is the valve control unit. It is characterized in that the oil and fat contained in the oil tank is automatically discharged.
- the valve control unit controls the valve of the oil tank based on the notification information regarding the degree of deterioration of fats and oils. As a result, this system can automatically waste oil and fat in use.
- valve control unit automatically supplies new oil to the oil tank.
- the valve control unit controls the valve to automatically supply new oil to the oil tank.
- this system can reduce a series of work load for the user to confirm the degree of deterioration of fats and oils and to supply waste oil and new oil.
- deterioration of fats and oils can be predicted easily and accurately.
- the functional block diagram of the deterioration prediction apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Flow chart of deterioration judgment of frying oil by deterioration prediction device.
- the functional block diagram of the deterioration prediction apparatus (deterioration prediction system) which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.
- FIG. 6A The figure which shows the relationship between the calibration curve obtained by machine learning (OPLS) and the heating time of a test data. List of predicted value average and standard deviation of FIG. 7A. The figure which shows the relationship between the calibration curve obtained by the machine learning (OPLS), and the acid value of the test data. A list of measured values, average predicted values, and standard deviations in FIG. 8A. The figure which shows the relationship between the calibration curve obtained by machine learning (PLS) and the color of a test data. A list of measured values, average predicted values, and standard deviations in FIG. 9A. The figure which shows the relationship between the calibration curve obtained by machine learning (PLS) and the viscosity increase rate of the test data. A list of measured values, average predicted values, and standard deviations in FIG. 10A. The figure explaining the oil-and-fat exchange system of 3rd Embodiment. The figure explaining the flyer system of 4th Embodiment.
- the deterioration prediction device 1 is mainly composed of an acoustic data acquisition unit 2 (“acoustic data acquisition unit” of the present invention) and a processing unit 3.
- the acoustic data acquisition unit 2 is, for example, a highly directional microphone, and uses the frying oil (“oil and fat” of the present invention) contained in the fryer 20 to produce the sound (foam bursting sound, etc.) when cooking fried food. get.
- the acquired sound (hereinafter referred to as sound data) is transmitted to the processing unit 3. Then, the feature amount is extracted by the processing unit 3, and the deterioration of the frying oil is analyzed from the feature amount.
- the processing unit 3 includes a display unit 5, a control unit 10, and the like.
- the fryer 20 has a box-shaped cabinet 21 and includes an oil tank 22 for storing frying oil inside.
- the temperature of the frying oil contained in the oil tank 22 can be adjusted by the heater 23. For example, when cooking croquettes, the frying oil is adjusted to 180 ° C.
- an oil drain pipe 25 is connected to the bottom surface of the oil tank 22 via a valve 24.
- the bottom surface of the oil tank 22 has a funnel shape that is inclined downward to facilitate drainage of oil.
- the deteriorated frying oil is discharged as waste oil by opening the valve 24.
- the waste oil tank 26 is arranged in the lower part of the oil drain pipe 25 to store the waste oil.
- the oil tank 22 is intended for large fryer used in restaurants, taverns, etc., but is not limited to this. That is, the oil tank 22 may be used for a smaller fryer, or may be a household fried food cooking utensil.
- the acoustic data acquisition unit 2 is installed at a height of about 1 m (obliquely above the oil tank 22) from the fryer 20. Normally, oily smoke is generated by cooking, so a ventilation fan for discharging the oily smoke to the outside of the room is installed above the fryer 20 (not shown).
- the acoustic data acquisition unit 2 may be attached to the side surface of the ventilation fan or the like. Further, the acoustic data acquisition unit 2 may be installed near the oil tank 22 such as the side surface or wall surface of the cabinet 21 or the ceiling.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the deterioration prediction device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the deterioration prediction device 1 is composed of an acoustic data acquisition unit 2 and a processing unit 3, and the processing unit 3 includes an input unit 4, a display unit 5, a storage unit 6, a notification unit 7, and a control unit 10. .
- the acoustic data acquisition unit 2 acquires the acoustics when cooking croquettes, tempura, and the like.
- the sound data acquisition unit 2 may use a microphone, or may record sound with a recording function of a video camera or a smartphone.
- the acoustic data acquisition unit 2 acquires the acoustic data of the cooking time of the fried seeds, with the audio sample rate set to 48 kHz.
- the work sound due to the loading and unloading of the fried seeds becomes noise, so the sound for 10 seconds after the start of recording and 10 seconds before the end of recording is cut.
- the index extraction unit 11 of the control unit 10 extracts an index related to the deterioration of frying oil (hereinafter referred to as index data) from the acquired acoustic data, and the result reception unit 12 receives the index data.
- frequency average As index data, the frequency of the sound during cooking is often characteristic, so frequency average (f_mean), frequency standard deviation (f_sd), median frequency (f_median), frequency standard error (f_sem), The most frequent frequency value (f_mode) was used.
- index data include frequency first quadrant (f_Q25) located 25% from the minimum frequency, frequency third quadrant (f_Q75) located 75% from the minimum frequency, and frequency quadrant.
- control unit 10 is a processor that controls and manages the entire deterioration prediction device 1, and is composed of a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes a program that defines a control procedure.
- a program is stored, for example, in the storage unit 6 or another external storage medium device.
- the control unit 10 executes each process of the deterioration prediction device 1 by controlling the entire processing unit 3. For example, the control unit 10 activates the deterioration prediction device 1 based on a predetermined input operation by the user (clerk).
- the predetermined input operation is, for example, an operation of turning on the power of the deterioration prediction device 1, an operation of setting a cooking time and a temperature of frying oil.
- the input unit 4 is various switches that receive input operations from the user, and is composed of, for example, operation buttons, operation keys, and the like.
- the input unit 4 is not limited to this, and may be configured by a touch panel. Further, the input unit 4 receives a predetermined input operation from the user before executing the process by the deterioration prediction device 1, and transmits a signal based on the user's input operation to the control unit 10.
- the display unit 5 displays various items for the user to perform an input operation. For example, when the user selects the type of food to be cooked, the display unit 5 displays the type of food based on the data regarding the type of food stored in the storage unit 6. Further, when the notification unit 7 notifies the user of the degree of deterioration of the frying oil, the display unit 5 displays that replacement is necessary as an auxiliary role of the notification.
- the storage unit 6 is composed of a semiconductor memory, a magnetic memory, or the like, and stores various information and a program or the like for operating the deterioration prediction device 1.
- the storage unit 6 stores the acquired acoustic data, the learning model, and data related to the food to be cooked.
- the storage unit 6 stores correlation data showing the correlation between the acoustic data and the degree of deterioration of frying oil for each type of food to be handled.
- the storage unit 6 stores threshold information for notification, which is different for each type of food.
- the notification unit 7 When it is determined that the degree of deterioration of the frying oil exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the notification unit 7 notifies the user to that effect. In this way, the notification unit 7 notifies the user of the timing of changing the frying oil.
- the "replacement timing” is the timing at which the frying oil is actually replaced (display such as "It is time to replace”).
- the notification unit 7 can also notify the current degree of deterioration of the frying oil (display such as "the current degree of deterioration is 50%”), and the usable remaining time estimated from the degree of deterioration (the remaining usable time (display of "the current degree of deterioration is 50%”) It is also possible to notify (displays such as "You can use it for another 20 hours.”).
- An example of the notification unit 7 is a speaker, which can be notified by an auditory method such as a voice guide or an alarm.
- the notification unit 7 may perform notification by a visual method such as displaying images, characters, and colors, and emitting light.
- the display unit 5 may be used to display an image or characters for notification, or a light emitting element such as an LED may be used for notification.
- the notification by the notification unit 7 is not limited to a visual or auditory method, and may be any combination thereof or any method in which the user can objectively recognize the replacement time of the frying oil, for example, vibration.
- the comparison determination unit 13 of the control unit 10 compares the acquired acoustic data with the correlation data according to the type of food cooked using the frying oil, and determines the degree of deterioration of the frying oil.
- the sound generated during cooking of the frying oil contained in the oil tank 22 depends on the type of food to be cooked.
- the optimal replacement time for frying oil also depends on the type of food being cooked.
- Correlation data is stored in advance in the storage unit 6.
- the comparison determination unit 13 acquires the correlation data from the storage unit 6 and determines the degree of deterioration of the frying oil.
- the correlation data is created by the machine learning unit 14, it does not necessarily have to be created inside the deterioration prediction device 1, and the correlation data provided from the outside may be used.
- the control unit 10 controls the notification unit 7 to notify when it is determined that the degree of deterioration of the frying oil exceeds a predetermined threshold value according to the type of food.
- the threshold value is predetermined for each type of food.
- the threshold value may be appropriately changed by the user. Further, a plurality of threshold values may be set.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart when a threshold value as a guide for replacing the frying oil is set in advance.
- index data is created from the sound during cooking. Specifically, the acoustic data acquisition unit 2 acquires the sound (acoustic data) at the time of cooking and transmits it to the processing unit 3 to create index data such as frequency average (f_mean). After that, the process proceeds to STEP30.
- correlation data is acquired from the storage unit. This correlation data is required when determining the degree of deterioration of frying oil in the next step. Then proceed to STEP40.
- both data are compared to determine the degree of deterioration of frying oil.
- the comparison determination unit 13 of the control unit 10 compares the acoustic data with the correlation data. Then proceed to STEP50.
- StepP50 it is determined whether or not the degree of deterioration of the frying oil exceeds a predetermined threshold value (STEP50). This threshold value varies depending on the fried food, but if the threshold value is exceeded, the process proceeds to STEP 60, and if the threshold value is not exceeded, the process returns to STEP 20.
- the notification unit 7 When the degree of deterioration of frying oil exceeds a predetermined threshold value (STEP50: YES), the user is notified to that effect (STEP60). Specifically, in order to encourage the user to change the frying oil, the notification unit 7 notifies the user. After that, a series of processes is completed.
- the deterioration prediction system 100 is mainly composed of a detection device 30 and a machine learning device 40.
- the detection device 30 and the machine learning device 40 are connected by a network NW, and various data can be transmitted and received to each other.
- the detection device 30 includes an acoustic data acquisition unit 2, an input unit 4, a display unit 5, a storage unit 6, a notification unit 7, a communication unit 8, and a control unit 10. Further, the control unit 10 has a comparison determination unit 13. Since each configuration except the communication unit 8 is the same as the configuration of the processing unit 3 of the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the detection device 30 compares the sound data acquired by the comparison determination unit 13 with the correlation data according to the type of food to be cooked. Then, the degree of deterioration of the frying oil is determined.
- the communication unit 8 (“first communication unit” of the present invention) automatically transmits acoustic data to the machine learning device 40 via the network NW.
- This communication may be wired or wireless communication such as Wi-Fi (registered trademark) or Bluetooth (registered trademark).
- Wi-Fi registered trademark
- Bluetooth registered trademark
- the machine learning device 40 has a communication unit 48 (“second communication unit” of the present invention) and a learning model creation unit 50.
- the acoustic data is automatically received by the communication unit 48 of the machine learning device 40.
- the machine learning device 40 may be installed at a position away from the flyer 20.
- the detection device 30 and the machine learning device 40 may be an integrated system.
- the learning model creation unit 50 includes an index extraction unit 51, a storage unit 52, and a calibration curve creation unit 53.
- the index extraction unit 51 extracts index data related to deterioration of frying oil from the received acoustic data, and the index data is stored in the storage unit 52.
- the calibration curve creation unit 53 performs so-called supervised learning and creates a calibration curve (model formula) by linear regression analysis from the stored index data (explanatory variables).
- linear regression analysis
- PLS Partial Least Squares
- OPLS orthogonal projected partial least squares
- Simple regression is a method of predicting one objective variable with one explanatory variable
- multiple regression is a method of predicting one objective variable with a plurality of explanatory variables.
- the (orthogonal projection) partial least squares regression is performed on a small number of features, principal components (obtained by principal component analysis of only explanatory variables) and objective variables. 1601259771323_0 This is a method of extracting the main components so that Also, (orthogonal projection) partial least squares regression is a suitable technique when the number of explanatory variables is greater than the number of samples and when the correlation between the explanatory variables is high.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show the relationship between the calibration curve obtained by machine learning and the heating time (predicted value and measured value) of the test data.
- the straight line M1 in FIG. 5A is a calibration curve (model formula) obtained by simple regression analysis by frequency mean (f_mean).
- the horizontal axis is the predicted value of the heating time [h]
- the vertical axis is the measured value of the heating time [h]
- the “ ⁇ ” mark in the figure is a plot of the predicted value obtained from the frequency average (f_mean). Is.
- FIG. 5B shows a list of the current heating time (measured value of the fly time), the average of the predicted values of 5 times, and the standard deviation.
- the average predicted value with respect to the measured value 8 [h] of the heating time was 8.9 [h]
- the standard deviation at this time was 1.4. Since the predicted value is approximately in the vicinity of the straight line M1 (see FIG. 5A) and the variation is relatively small, it was confirmed that the calibration curve obtained by the simple regression analysis has a certain accuracy.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B show the relationship between the calibration curve obtained by machine learning and the acid value (predicted value and measured value) of the test data.
- the straight line M2 in FIG. 6A is a calibration curve (model formula) obtained by multiple regression analysis based on the frequency average (f_mean) and the flatness (f_sfm) based on the frequency spectrum.
- the horizontal axis is the predicted value of the acid value
- the vertical axis is the measured value of the acid value
- the “ ⁇ ” mark in the figure is the prediction of the acid value obtained from the frequency average (f_mean) and flatness (f_sfm). It is a plot of values.
- FIG. 6B shows a list of the current heating time, the measured value of the acid value, the average of the predicted values of 5 times, and the standard deviation.
- the measured value of the acid value with respect to the measured value 8 [h] of the heating time was 0.16
- the average predicted value was 0.11
- the standard deviation at this time was 0.10. Since some of the predicted acid values exist on the straight line M2 (see FIG. 6A) and the variation is small, it was confirmed that the accuracy of the calibration curve obtained by the multiple regression analysis is high.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B show the relationship between the calibration curve obtained by machine learning and the heating time (predicted value and measured value) of the test data.
- the straight line M3 in FIG. 7A is a calibration curve (model formula) obtained by orthogonal projected partial least squares regression (OPLS) analysis.
- OPLS orthogonal projected partial least squares regression
- the horizontal axis is the predicted heating time [h]
- the vertical axis is the measured heating time [h]
- the “ ⁇ ” mark in the figure is the heating time obtained from the frequency average (f_mean). It is a plot of predicted values.
- FIG. 7B shows a list of the current heating time (measured value of the fly time), the average of the predicted values of 5 times, and the standard deviation.
- the average predicted value with respect to the measured value 8 [h] of the heating time was 9.0 [h]
- the standard deviation at this time was 1.8. Since some of the predicted values exist on the straight line M3 (see FIG. 7A) and the variation is relatively small, a certain accuracy was also confirmed for the calibration curve obtained by the orthogonal projection partial least squares regression analysis.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B show the relationship between the calibration curve obtained by machine learning and the acid value (predicted value and measured value) of the test data.
- the "acid value” is a value measured by the reference fat analysis method 2.3.1-2013.
- the straight line M4 in FIG. 8A is a calibration curve (model formula) obtained by orthogonal projected partial least squares regression (OPLS) analysis.
- OPLS orthogonal projected partial least squares regression
- the horizontal axis is the predicted value of the acid value
- the vertical axis is the measured value of the acid value
- the “ ⁇ ” mark in the figure is the predicted value of the acid value obtained from index data such as frequency average (f_mean). It is a plot of.
- FIG. 8B shows a list of the current heating time, the measured value of the acid value, the average of the predicted values of 5 times, and the standard deviation.
- the measured value of the acid value with respect to the measured value 8 [h] of the heating time was 0.16
- the average predicted value was 0.13
- the standard deviation at this time was 0.12. Since the predicted acid value has a small variation, it was confirmed that the accuracy of the calibration curve obtained by the orthogonal projection partial least squares regression analysis is high.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B show the relationship between the calibration curve obtained by machine learning and the color (predicted value and measured value) of the test data.
- the "color” referred to here is the color tone of frying oil, and indicates "Y + 10R" measured by the reference oil and fat analysis method 2.2.1.1-1996.
- the straight line M5 in FIG. 9A is a calibration curve (model formula) obtained by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis.
- the horizontal axis is the predicted color value
- the vertical axis is the measured color value
- the “ ⁇ ” mark in the figure is a plot of the predicted color value obtained from index data such as frequency average (f_mean). is there.
- FIG. 9B shows a list of the current heating time, the measured value of the color, the average of the predicted values of 5 times, and the standard deviation.
- the measured value of the color with respect to the measured value 8 [h] of the heating time was 6.5
- the average predicted value was 6.9
- the standard deviation at this time was 1.6. Since the color prediction values have relatively small variations, it was confirmed that the calibration curve obtained by the partial least squares regression analysis has a certain degree of accuracy.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B show the relationship between the calibration curve obtained by machine learning and the viscosity increase rate (predicted value and measured value) of the test data.
- the "viscosity” here is a numerical value indicating the degree of stickiness (viscosity) of frying oil measured by a commercially available viscometer, for example, an E-type viscometer (TVE-25H: manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.). , The rate of increase in viscosity [%] with respect to the heating time was examined.
- the straight line M6 in FIG. 10A is a calibration curve (model formula) obtained by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis.
- the horizontal axis is the predicted value [%] of the viscosity increase rate
- the vertical axis is the measured value [%] of the viscosity increase rate
- the “ ⁇ ” mark in the figure is obtained from index data such as frequency average (f_mean). It is a plot of the predicted value of the viscosity increase rate obtained.
- FIG. 10B shows a list of the measured values of the heating time and the rate of increase in viscosity this time, the average of the predicted values of 5 times, and the standard deviation.
- the measured value of the rate of increase in viscosity with respect to the measured value 8 [h] of the heating time was 3.52
- the average predicted value was 3.87
- the standard deviation at this time was 0.57. Since the predicted values of the plotted viscosity increase rate were small in variation, it was confirmed that the calibration curve obtained by the partial least squares regression analysis was highly accurate.
- the calibration curve creation unit 53 creates a calibration curve from the index data by linear regression analysis, and the linear regression includes simple regression, multiple regression, partial least squares (PLS) regression, and orthogonal projected partial least squares (OPLS). ) Either regression may be used.
- the calibration curve actually created has a high degree of accuracy in the degree of deterioration even in the results of evaluation based on the acid value, color, viscosity increase rate, etc. of the frying oil, which changes with the heating time. I was able to accurately predict and judge.
- the machine learning device 40 may be installed in a remote location away from the store, the detection device 30 may be a detection server, and the machine learning device 40 may be a machine learning server.
- the detection server on the store side communicates with at least an acoustic data acquisition unit that acquires acoustic data when cooking fried food and a machine learning server to send and receive various data (acoustic data, determination results, etc.). It is provided with a unit and a notification unit that notifies the degree of deterioration of frying oil, the timing of replacement, etc. based on the determination result.
- the machine learning server in a remote location at least extracts an index related to the deterioration of frying oil from the communication unit that sends and receives various data to and from the detection server and the received acoustic data, and linearly uses the index.
- a learning model creation unit that creates a learning model that can determine the deterioration of frying oil by performing machine learning by regression, a storage unit that stores the created learning model, and a storage unit that stores the created learning model, and determines the degree of deterioration of frying oil using the learning model. It is provided with a determination unit to perform.
- the determination unit determines the degree of deterioration of the frying oil using the learning model, and transmits the determination result to the detection server side.
- the timing of replacement of frying oil is notified based on the determination result received by the notification unit. In this way, the role can be divided such that the machine learning server side receives the acoustic data, performs the determination, and returns the determination result to the detection server.
- the learning model is created by the machine learning server side, and is updated every time new acoustic data is acquired, for example. As a result, it is not necessary to send and receive a learning model having a relatively large data capacity, and the store side having the detection server can acquire the timing of frying oil replacement.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the oil / fat exchange system 200.
- the oil / fat exchange system 200 manufactures frying oil used in stores A to C equipped with a deterioration prediction device 1 and a fryer 20', a general headquarters H that controls the stores A to C, and stores A to C. It is composed of a trader (oil and fat maker) X, a distributor (wholesale or dealer) Y, and a collector Z that collects waste oil. Since the oil and fat manufacturer may sell directly to the customer, the distributor Y is a concept including the oil and fat manufacturer.
- the notification unit 7 of the deterioration prediction device 1 determines that the degree of deterioration of the frying oil exceeds a predetermined threshold value
- the speaker, the display unit 5, etc. notify the user to that effect.
- notification information regarding the degree of deterioration of frying oil is output.
- the notification information may be content that the degree of deterioration of the frying oil exceeds the threshold value, but may be a notice that the degree of deterioration will soon exceed the threshold value.
- the general headquarters H analyzes the number and frequency of receiving the notification information, and not only the store B but also as necessary. Propose or instruct store A (tempura shop) and store C (pork cutlet shop) whether the method of using frying oil is appropriate, whether it is replaced as appropriate, and whether there is any waste.
- the headquarters H may be in a position to manage not only a plurality of stores but also a plurality of factories in which flyers are installed. Further, the control headquarters H may exist in a store or a factory and manage a plurality of flyers in the facility.
- This notification information is also notified to the frying oil manufacturer X and the distributor Y.
- Manufacturer X receives the notification information and formulates a production plan or a sales plan for frying oil.
- the distributor Y receives the notification information, orders a new frying oil, and purchases the frying oil P from the manufacturer X. Then, the distributor Y procures new frying oil P from the store B (store A and store C as needed).
- this notification information is notified to the frying oil recovery company Z (manufacturer X may be used).
- the collection company Z receives the notification information and arranges the collection of the waste oil Q. For example, when the collection company Z receives the notification information a predetermined number of times, the collection company Z visits the store B and collects the waste oil Q from the oil tank 22 of the fryer 20'.
- this notification information may be notified to the cleaning operator (not shown).
- the cleaning operator visits the store B in response to the notification information and cleans the inside or the vicinity of the oil tank 22 of the fryer 20'.
- FIG. 12 shows the deterioration prediction device 1 and the flyer 20'which constitute the flyer system 300 of the present embodiment.
- the flyer 20' has the same reference numerals as those of the flyer 20 of the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- valve control device 61 (“valve control unit” of the present invention) and a new oil tank 62 are installed in the vicinity of the fryer 20'. Unused frying oil is stored in the new oil tank 62, and the frying oil is supplied to the oil tank 22 via the oil supply pipe 63.
- valve control device 61 When the valve control device 61 receives the notification information that the frying oil is to be replaced (exceeded the threshold value) from the deterioration prediction device 1, the valve control device 61 first transmits a control signal to the valve 24'to open the valve 24'. As a result, the waste oil is automatically discharged to the waste oil tank 26 via the oil drain pipe 25.
- valve control device 61 again transmits a control signal to the valve 24'to close the valve 24'. After that, the valve control device 61 transmits a control signal to the valve 64 provided in the middle of the oil supply pipe 63 to open the valve 64. As a result, new oil is automatically supplied to the oil tank 22. The amount of new oil supplied may be detected by the water level sensor of the new oil tank 62, or the valve 64 may be opened for a predetermined time.
- the valve control device 61 can automatically discharge the frying oil in use by controlling the valves 24'and 64 based on the notification information transmitted from the deterioration prediction device 1. Further, the valve control device 61 automatically controls the supply of new oil from the new oil tank 62, so that the user confirms the degree of deterioration of the frying oil, wastes the oil, and reduces the work load until the new oil is supplied. can do.
- deterioration prediction device deterioration prediction system
- oil / fat exchange system described above are merely examples of the embodiment of the present invention, and can be appropriately changed according to the application, purpose, and the like.
- f_mean frequency mean
- f_sfm flatness
- dfnum dominant frequency
- the deterioration prediction system 100 shown in FIG. 4 is separated into a detection device 30 and a machine learning device 40 as separate devices, but the acoustic data and the learning model have a large data capacity, and communication takes time and charges. Therefore, a detection device having a built-in machine learning unit may be instructed from a remote location, and a new control device may be provided that can receive notification information such as the degree of deterioration of frying oil from the detection device.
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Abstract
Description
まず、図1を参照して、本発明の第1実施形態に係る劣化予測装置1及びフライヤー20の概要を説明する。図示するように、劣化予測装置1は、主に音響データ取得部2(本発明の「音響データ取得部」)と、処理部3とで構成されている。音響データ取得部2は、例えば、指向性の高いマイクロフォンであり、フライヤー20に収容されたフライ油(本発明の「油脂」)により、揚げ物を調理するときの音響(泡の破裂音等)を取得する。
次に、図4を参照して、本発明の第2実施形態に係る劣化予測システム100の概要を説明する。劣化予測システム100は、主に検出装置30と、機械学習装置40とで構成されている。検出装置30と機械学習装置40とはネットワークNWで接続され、互いに各種データを送受信することができる。
1601259771323_0
が最大になるように主成分を抽出する手法である。また、(直交射影)部分最小二乗回帰は、説明変数の数がサンプルの数よりも多いとき、そして、説明変数の間の相関が高いときに適した手法である。
次に、図11を参照して、本発明の第3実施形態に係る油脂交換システム200の概要を説明する。
最後に、図12を参照して、本発明の第4実施形態に係るフライヤーシステム300の概要を説明する。
Claims (13)
- 食用の油脂の劣化度合いを予測する劣化予測装置であって、
油槽に収容された前記油脂を用いて揚げ物を調理するときの音響データを取得する音響データ取得部と、
前記音響データ取得部によって取得された前記音響データから前記油脂の劣化に関係する指標を抽出する指標抽出部と、
前記指標抽出部によって抽出された前記指標に基づいて、前記油脂の劣化度合いを判定する判定部と、
を備えていることを特徴とする劣化予測装置。 - 前記油脂の劣化度合い又は前記油脂の交換のタイミングを報知する報知部をさらに備え、
前記報知部は、前記判定部によって前記油脂の劣化度合いに基づいて予め定めた交換の閾値を超えたと判定された場合に、前記報知を行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の劣化予測装置。 - 前記指標は、周波数平均、周波数標準偏差、周波数中央値、周波数標準誤差、周波数最頻値、周波数第一四分位数、周波数第三四分位数、周波数四分位範囲、周波数重心、周波数スキューネス、周波数クルトシス、周波数スペクトル平坦性、周波数スペクトルエントロピー、周波数スペクトル精度、音響複雑度指数、音響エントロピー、優位周波数から選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の劣化予測装置。
- 検出装置と機械学習装置とからなり、食用の油脂の劣化度合いを予測する劣化予測システムであって、
前記検出装置は、
油槽に収容された前記油脂を用いて揚げ物を調理するときの音響データを取得する音響データ取得部と、
前記機械学習装置が作成した、前記油脂の劣化を判定可能な学習モデルを記憶する記憶部と、
前記学習モデルを用いて、前記音響データから前記油脂の劣化度合いを判定する判定部と、を備え、
前記機械学習装置は、
前記音響データ取得部によって取得された前記音響データから前記油脂の劣化に関係する指標を抽出し、前記指標を用いて線形回帰による機械学習を行い、前記学習モデルを作成する学習モデル作成部と、
を備えていることを特徴とする劣化予測システム。 - 前記線形回帰は、単回帰、重回帰、部分最小二乗(PLS)回帰、又は直交射影部分最小二乗(OPLS)回帰から選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の劣化予測システム。
- 前記検出装置と前記機械学習装置とが一体となっていることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の劣化予測システム。
- 前記検出装置は、店舗又は工場の前記油槽の付近に設置され、前記機械学習装置は、前記店舗又は前記工場とは離れた遠隔地に設置されていることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の劣化予測システム。
- 前記検出装置は、前記音響データ取得部によって取得された前記音響データを前記機械学習装置に送信する第1通信部を備え、
前記機械学習装置は、前記検出装置から前記音響データを受信する第2通信部を備えていることを特徴とする請求項4、5又は7の何れか1項に記載の劣化予測システム。 - 前記第1通信部及び前記第2通信部は、無線通信が可能であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の劣化予測システム。
- 食用の油脂の劣化度合いを予測する劣化予測方法であって、
前記油脂を用いて、揚げ物を調理するときの音響データを取得する音響データ取得ステップと、
前記音響データ取得ステップで取得した前記音響データから前記油脂の劣化に関係する指標を抽出する指標抽出ステップと、
前記指標抽出ステップで抽出した前記指標に基づいて、前記油脂の劣化度合いを判定する判定ステップと、
を備えていることを特徴とする劣化予測方法。 - 請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の劣化予測装置から出力される前記油脂の劣化度合いに関する報知情報に基づいて、下記a)~e)の1又は2以上を行うことを特徴とする油脂交換システム。
a)油脂販売業者に通知して、新たな油脂を発注する
b)油脂製造業者に通知して、油脂の製造計画又は販売計画を立案する
c)店舗若しくは工場の統括本部、又は油脂製造業者に通知して、統括する店舗又は工場へ油脂の使用方法を提案又は指導する
d)廃油回収業者又は油脂製造業者に通知して、廃油の回収を手配する
e)清掃作業業者に通知して、油槽の清掃を手配する - 請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の劣化予測装置から出力される前記油脂の劣化度合いに関する報知情報に基づいて、油槽に設けられたバルブを制御するバルブ制御部を備え、
前記バルブ制御部は、前記油槽に収容された前記油脂を自動で廃油することを特徴とするフライヤーシステム。 - 前記バルブ制御部は、前記油槽に新油を自動で供給することを特徴とする請求項12に記載のフライヤーシステム。
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