WO2021057339A1 - 能量转换装置及车辆 - Google Patents

能量转换装置及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021057339A1
WO2021057339A1 PCT/CN2020/109885 CN2020109885W WO2021057339A1 WO 2021057339 A1 WO2021057339 A1 WO 2021057339A1 CN 2020109885 W CN2020109885 W CN 2020109885W WO 2021057339 A1 WO2021057339 A1 WO 2021057339A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
winding
current
phase
charging
axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/109885
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
凌和平
李吉成
刘长久
谢飞跃
张宇昕
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
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Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to JP2022519103A priority Critical patent/JP7339437B2/ja
Priority to US17/763,962 priority patent/US11916504B2/en
Priority to KR1020227013885A priority patent/KR20220065068A/ko
Priority to EP20867338.4A priority patent/EP4043254A4/en
Publication of WO2021057339A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021057339A1/zh
Priority to JP2023135991A priority patent/JP2023179422A/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
    • H02P29/64—Controlling or determining the temperature of the winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L15/02—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
    • B60L15/025—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit using field orientation; Vector control; Direct Torque Control [DTC]
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    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
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    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/0003—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/22—Current control, e.g. using a current control loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/22—Multiple windings; Windings for more than three phases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
    • H02P29/62—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive for raising the temperature of the motor
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02M7/81—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal arranged for operation in parallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to an energy conversion device and a vehicle.
  • the power batteries in electric vehicles usually use lithium-ion batteries.
  • the general operating temperature of lithium-ion batteries It is between -20°C and 55°C. Li-ion batteries are not allowed to be charged below low temperatures.
  • the solution for heating low-temperature batteries in the prior art is to use PTC heaters or electric heating wire heaters or engines or motors to heat the cooling liquid of the battery cooling circuit at low temperatures, and use the cooling liquid to heat the battery cells to a predetermined temperature. .
  • This application aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related technology at least to a certain extent.
  • one purpose of the present application is to provide an energy conversion device and a vehicle, which can solve the problem of increased cost when using heating equipment to heat the power battery in a low temperature state, and the inability of the charging process and the heating process to closely coordinate the low temperature charging time. Long question.
  • the first aspect of the application provides an energy conversion device, which includes a reversible PWM rectifier and a motor coil, the motor coil includes L sets of winding units, and each set of windings is connected to the reversible PWM rectifier, wherein, L ⁇ 2, and is a positive integer;
  • the external power supply, the reversible PWM rectifier and the winding unit in the motor coil form at least two heating circuits of the equipment to be heated;
  • the energy conversion device controls the reversible PWM rectifier according to a control signal, so that the current output by the external power source flows through at least two sets of winding units in the motor coil to generate heat, and causes the at least two sets of winding units
  • the vector sum of the composite current vector of the quadrature-axis current in the synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the orientation of the motor rotor field is zero.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, which further includes the energy conversion device provided in the first aspect.
  • an energy conversion device proposed in the present application is: by using an energy conversion device including a reversible PWM rectifier and a motor coil, when the energy conversion device is connected to an external power source, the external power source, the reversible PWM rectifier and the motor coil At least two sets of heating circuits are formed in the winding units; the reversible PWM rectifier is controlled so that the current output by the external power supply flows through at least two sets of winding units in the motor coil to generate heat, and the at least two sets of winding units are based on the motor rotor
  • the vector sum of the composite current vector of the quadrature axis current in the field-oriented synchronous rotating coordinate system is zero, so that the motor in the energy conversion device does not output torque to heat the coolant flowing through the cooling tube of the motor coil.
  • the power battery is heated, which saves an additional power battery heating device and reduces the cost of the entire device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy conversion device provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is another schematic structural diagram of an energy conversion device provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic structural diagram of an energy conversion device provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is another schematic structural diagram of an energy conversion device provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is another schematic structural diagram of an energy conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a motor coil in an energy conversion device provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an energy conversion device provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is another circuit diagram of an energy conversion device provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is another circuit diagram of an energy conversion device provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is another circuit diagram of an energy conversion device provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a synthetic current vector in an energy conversion device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application in a synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the orientation of the motor rotor magnetic field;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another synthesized current vector in an energy conversion device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application in a synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the orientation of the motor rotor magnetic field;
  • FIG. 13 is a current flow diagram of an energy conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is another current flow diagram of an energy conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is another current flow diagram of an energy conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is another current flow diagram of an energy conversion device provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is another current flow diagram of an energy conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is another current flow diagram of an energy conversion device provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 21 is another current flow diagram of an energy conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is another current flow diagram of an energy conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present application provides an energy conversion device, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, which includes a reversible PWM rectifier 102 and a motor coil 103.
  • the motor coil 103 includes L sets of winding units, and each set of windings is connected to the reversible PWM rectifier 102, Among them, L ⁇ 2, and is a positive integer;
  • the external power supply 100, the reversible PWM rectifier 102 and the winding units in the motor coil 103 form at least two heating circuits of the equipment to be heated;
  • the energy conversion device controls the reversible PWM rectifier 102 according to an external signal, so that the current output by the external power supply 100 flows through at least two sets of winding units in the motor coil 103 to generate heat, and causes the at least two sets of winding units to be oriented based on the magnetic field of the motor rotor.
  • the vector sum of the composite current vector on the quadrature axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system is zero.
  • the heating power generated by the x-th winding unit is Among them, m x represents the number of winding phases of the x-th winding unit, and Rs x represents the phase resistance of each phase winding of the x-th winding unit, Represents the combined current vector of the direct-axis current and the quadrature-axis current of the x-th winding unit in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, L ⁇ x ⁇ 1, and is a positive integer.
  • the motor can be a synchronous motor (including a brushless synchronous motor) or an asynchronous motor.
  • the number of phases of the motor coil 103 is greater than or equal to 2, and the number of sets of motor windings is greater than or equal to 2 (such as two-phase motors, three-phase motors, six-phase motors, nine Phase motor, 15-phase, etc.), and the connection point of the motor coil 103 forms a neutral point to lead to the neutral line.
  • the neutral line of the motor coil 103 can be drawn by multiple numbers.
  • the specific number of connection points of the motor coil 103 depends on the motor.
  • the motor coil 103 includes L sets of winding units.
  • the set of windings is connected to the reversible PWM rectifier 102, where L ⁇ 2 and a positive integer; that is, part of or all of the coil branches of the motor coil 103 constitute at least the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 132, the first The winding unit 131 is the first set of windings, the second winding unit 132 is the second set of windings, and the L-th winding unit is the L-th set of windings.
  • the first winding unit 131 includes at least two phase terminals and at least one neutral point.
  • the winding unit 132 includes at least two phase end points and at least one neutral point.
  • the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 132 have different phase end points, and the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 132 are both connected through the phase end points.
  • the neutral point of the first winding unit 131 can lead to a neutral line, or it can be in a floating state, and the neutral point of the second winding unit 132 can lead to a neutral line, or it can be in a floating state; at the same time, every All phase windings of a set of winding units are used as a basic unit, and each basic unit can be independently controlled by motor vector control.
  • the PWM in the reversible PWM rectifier 102 is pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation), reversible PWM rectifier 102 includes multi-phase bridge arms. The number of bridge arms is configured according to the number of phases of the motor coil 103.
  • Each phase inverter bridge arm includes two power switch units.
  • the power switch units can be transistors, IGBTs, MOSFET tubes, SiC tubes, etc. Type, the connection point of the two power switch units in the bridge arm is connected to a phase coil in the motor, and the power switch unit in the reversible PWM rectifier 102 can be turned on and off according to an external control signal.
  • the external power supply 100, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the winding units in the motor coil 103 form at least two sets of heating circuits.
  • the heating circuit formed by the external power supply 100, the reversible PWM rectifier 102 and the motor coil 103 refers to the external power supply 100.
  • the output current generates heat when flowing through the motor coil 103 through the reversible PWM rectifier 102 to form a heating circuit;
  • the winding unit in the motor coil 103 at least includes a first winding unit 131 and a second winding unit 132, an external power supply 100, and a reversible PWM rectifier 102.
  • the first winding unit 131 forms a first heating circuit, and the current output by the external power supply 100 flows through the first winding unit 131 through the reversible PWM rectifier 102 to generate heat to form the first heating circuit; the external power supply 100, reversible PWM rectifier 102.
  • the second winding unit 132 forms a second heating circuit.
  • the external power supply 100 can be a vehicle interior For example, it can be a power battery.
  • the external power supply 100 can also be connected to an external power supply device, such as a charging pile, through a charging and discharging port; the first heating circuit and the second heating circuit can be implemented in multiple ways, for example, As shown in FIG. 3, when the external power source 100 is the power battery 101, the power battery 101, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the first winding unit 131 form a first heating circuit, and the power battery 101, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the second winding unit 132 form For the second heating circuit, as shown in FIG. 2, the external power supply 100 can also be connected to an external power supply device through a DC charging and discharging port to form a first heating circuit and a second heating circuit. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the DC charging and discharging port 140 The reversible PWM rectifier 102 can be connected.
  • the DC charging and discharging port 140, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the first winding unit 131 form a first heating circuit
  • the DC charging and discharging port 140, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the second winding unit 132 form a second heating circuit.
  • the DC charging and discharging port 140 can also be connected to the neutral line of the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 132, the DC charging and discharging port 140, the first winding unit 131, and the reversible PWM rectifier 102 form a first The heating circuit, the DC charging and discharging port 140, the second winding unit 132, and the reversible PWM rectifier 102 form a second heating circuit.
  • the energy conversion device includes a controller.
  • the controller is connected to the reversible PWM rectifier 102 and sends a control signal to the reversible PWM rectifier 102.
  • the controller may include a vehicle controller, a control circuit of the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and a BMS battery manager circuit.
  • the three are connected through the CAN line, and different modules in the controller control the on and off of the power switch unit in the reversible PWM rectifier 102 according to the acquired information to realize the conduction of different current loops; the controller is connected to the energy conversion device
  • the reversible PWM rectifier 102 sends a control signal to cause the current output by the external power supply 100 to flow through at least two sets of winding units in the motor coil 103 to generate heat to heat the coolant flowing through the cooling tube of the motor coil 103. When the coolant flows through the power battery 101, the power battery 101 is heated.
  • the energy conversion device makes at least two sets of winding units in a synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the rotor magnetic field orientation of the motor, and the vector sum of the composite current vector on the quadrature axis is zero according to the external control signal, which means that each set of winding units rotates in the synchronous rotation coordinate system.
  • the quadrature-axis current and the direct-axis current on the system form a composite current vector.
  • the vector sum on the quadrature axis is the vector sum of all the composite current vectors on the quadrature axis.
  • the energy conversion device controls each set of winding units to synchronize according to external control signals.
  • the size and direction of the composite current vector of the rotating coordinate system makes the sum of all composite current vectors on the quadrature axis zero. At this time, the motor in the energy conversion device does not output torque.
  • the technical effect of the energy conversion device in the embodiment of the application is that by using the energy conversion device including the reversible PWM rectifier 102 and the motor coil 103, when the energy conversion device is connected to the external power source 100, the external power source 100, the reversible PWM The rectifier 102 and the winding units in the motor coil 103 form at least two sets of heating circuits; the reversible PWM rectifier 102 is controlled so that the current output by the external power supply 100 flows through at least two sets of winding units in the motor coil 103 to generate heat, and at least two The vector sum of the winding unit on the quadrature axis relative to the composite current vector in the synchronous rotating coordinate system is zero, so that the motor in the energy conversion device does not output torque, and the current output by the external power supply 100 flows through the motor coil 103 At least two sets of winding units are used to generate heat to heat the coolant flowing through the cooling pipe of the motor coil 103.
  • the power battery 101 When the coolant flows through the power battery 101, the power battery 101 is heated, which saves an additional power battery heating device.
  • the cost of the entire device is reduced, and at least two sets of winding units form at least two sets of heating circuits.
  • the heating power is large and the heating speed is fast.
  • the two sets of winding units can be used for heating to achieve greater heating power while each set of windings is heated.
  • the heating power is small compared with the heating power with only one set of winding unit, which can extend the service life.
  • the L1 winding unit when the L1 winding unit in the L winding unit works in the heating circuit, the L1 winding unit corresponds to the L1 composite current vector, and forms For the composite current vector, the amplitudes of the two composite current vectors in each pair of composite current vectors are equal, and each pair of composite current vectors is symmetrical with respect to the straight axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, where L ⁇ L1 ⁇ 2, and L1 is an even number.
  • the L1 winding unit in the L winding unit working in the heating circuit means that when the reversible PWM rectifier 102 in the energy conversion device makes the power switching unit work according to the control signal, the current output by the external power supply 100 passes through the reversible PWM
  • the rectifier 102 flows through the L1 set of winding units.
  • the L1 set of winding units corresponds to a synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the orientation of the motor rotor magnetic field.
  • the L1 set of winding units corresponds to L1 composite current vectors at the same time. It can be formed when L1 is an even number.
  • each pair of synthesized current vector is controlled to be symmetrical with respect to the straight axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, and the amplitude of the two synthesized current vectors in each pair of synthesized current vector is equal, each pair of synthesized current vector In the synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the orientation of the motor rotor magnetic field, the components on the quadrature axis can cancel each other, so that the vector sum of the at least two sets of winding units relative to the composite current vector in the synchronous rotating coordinate system on the quadrature axis is zero, and then It is realized that the motor in the energy conversion device does not output torque.
  • the angle between the current and the direct axis of the synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the orientation of the motor rotor magnetic field is an electrical angle.
  • the L1 winding unit corresponds to the L1 composite current vector, and forms For the synthesized current vector, the amplitudes of the two synthesized current vectors in each pair of synthesized current vectors are equal, at least one pair of synthesized current vectors is symmetrical with respect to the straight axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, and at least one pair of synthesized current vectors is The electrical angle between the two synthesized current vectors differs by 180°, where L ⁇ L1 ⁇ 2, and L1 is an even number.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that, in addition to at least one pair of combined current vectors being symmetrical with respect to the straight axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, there are also two combined current vectors in at least one pair of combined current vectors.
  • the electrical angles between the current vectors differ by 180°.
  • the amplitudes of the two composite current vectors in each pair of composite current vectors are equal, the amplitudes of the composite current vectors are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, that is, each pair that is symmetrical in the center
  • the resultant current vector sum is 0, and then
  • the components of the composite current vector on the quadrature axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the motor rotor field orientation can cancel each other, and the vector sum of at least two sets of winding units relative to the composite current vector in the synchronous rotating coordinate system on the quadrature axis is Zero, so that the motor in the energy conversion device does not output torque.
  • the L2 winding unit when the L2 winding unit in the L winding unit works in the heating circuit, corresponds to the L2 composite current vector, and forms For the composite current vector and the first composite current vector, the amplitudes of the two composite current vectors in each pair of composite current vectors are equal, and each pair of composite current vectors is symmetrical with respect to the straight axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, and the first composite The current vector is located on the straight axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, where L ⁇ L2 ⁇ 3, and L2 is an odd number.
  • the L2 winding unit in the L winding unit working in the heating circuit means that when the reversible PWM rectifier 102 in the energy conversion device makes the power switching unit work according to the control signal, the current output by the external power supply 100 passes through the reversible PWM
  • the rectifier 102 flows through L2 sets of winding units.
  • the L2 sets of winding units correspond to a synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the orientation of the motor rotor magnetic field.
  • the L2 sets of winding units correspond to L2 composite current vectors at the same time. L2 is an odd number.
  • L2 includes the first composite current vector and L2-1 composite current vector, L2-1 is an even number, can form
  • L2-1 is an even number
  • the synthesized current vector since each pair of synthesized current vector is controlled to be symmetrical with respect to the straight axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, and the amplitude of the two synthesized current vectors in each pair of synthesized current vector is equal, each pair of synthesized current vector In the synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the orientation of the motor rotor magnetic field, the components on the quadrature axis can cancel each other.
  • the first composite current vector is located on the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, realizing that at least two sets of winding units are based on the motor rotor magnetic field.
  • the vector sum of the composite current vector on the quadrature axis in the oriented synchronous rotating coordinate system is zero, so that the motor in the energy conversion device does not output torque.
  • the L2 winding unit corresponds to the L2 composite current vector, and forms For the synthesized current vector and the first synthesized current vector, at least one pair of synthesized current vectors is symmetrical with respect to the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, and the two synthesized current vectors in each pair of synthesized current vectors have the same amplitude, and at least one For the angle difference between the two synthesized current vectors in the synthesized current vector is 180°, the first synthesized current vector is located on the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, where L ⁇ L2 ⁇ 3, and L2 is an odd number.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that, in addition to at least one pair of composite current vectors being symmetrical with respect to the straight axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, two composite current vectors of at least one pair of composite current vectors are also provided. The angles between the current vectors differ by 180°.
  • the amplitudes of the composite current vectors are equal and opposite, the sum of the two composite current vectors whose angles differ by 180° is 0, and then The components of the composite current vector on the quadrature axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the orientation of the motor rotor field can cancel each other, and the first composite current vector is located on the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, realizing that at least two sets of winding units are The vector sum of the composite current vector on the quadrature axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the motor rotor field orientation is zero, so that the motor in the energy conversion device does not output torque.
  • the angle between the two composite current vectors and the direct axis is 180 degrees apart, when When obtaining the angle between one composite current vector and the direct axis in each pair of composite current vectors, the angle between the other composite current vector and the direct axis can be obtained, and the angle and the amplitude of the composite current vector can be obtained.
  • the L3 winding unit when the L3 winding unit in the L winding unit works in the heating circuit, the L3 winding unit corresponds to the L3 composite current vector, and forms For the composite current vector and the second composite current vector, the amplitudes of the two composite current vectors in each pair of composite current vectors are equal, and the angles between the two composite current vectors in each pair of composite current vectors are 180° apart ,
  • the second composite current vector is located on the straight axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, where L ⁇ L3 ⁇ 3, and L3 is an odd number.
  • the L3 set of winding units in the L set of winding units work in the heating circuit means that when the reversible PWM rectifier 102 in the energy conversion device makes the power switch unit work according to the control signal, the current output by the external power supply 100 passes through the reversible PWM
  • the rectifier 102 flows through L3 sets of winding units.
  • the L3 sets of winding units correspond to a synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the motor rotor magnetic field orientation.
  • the L3 sets of winding units correspond to L3 composite current vectors at the same time. L3 is an odd number.
  • L3 includes the second composite current vector sum L3-1 composite current vector, L3-1 is an even number, can be formed
  • the composite current can be made
  • the magnitudes of the vectors are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, that is, the sum of the resultant current vectors whose angles differ by 180° is 0, and then
  • the components of the composite current vector on the quadrature axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the orientation of the motor rotor field can cancel each other, and the second composite current vector is located on the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, realizing that at least two sets of winding units are
  • the vector sum of the composite current vector on the quadrature axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the motor rotor field orientation is zero, so that the motor in the energy conversion device does not output torque.
  • the angle of the composite current vector of each winding unit in the L set of winding units relative to the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system is Fixed value.
  • the angle of the composite current vector of each winding unit relative to the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system is a fixed value
  • the composite current vector of each winding unit in the L set of winding units can be divided into multiple pairs of composite current vectors .
  • Each pair of synthesized current vectors is symmetrical with respect to the direct axis or origin in the synchronous rotating coordinate system
  • the angle of one synthesized current vector relative to the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system can be obtained by obtaining the angle of one synthesized current vector in a pair of synthesized current vectors relative to the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system.
  • the angle of the synthesized current vector relative to the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system and further obtain the components of each synthesized current vector on the direct axis and the quadrature axis, because each pair of synthesized current vector is in the synchronous rotating coordinate based on the orientation of the motor rotor magnetic field.
  • the components on the direct axis and the quadrature axis in the system can cancel each other, so that the vector sum of the composite current vector on the quadrature axis of at least two sets of winding units in the synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the motor rotor field orientation is zero.
  • the angle of the composite current vector of each winding unit in the L set of winding units with respect to the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system Is the change value.
  • the change of the angle of the composite current vector of each winding unit in the L set of winding units with respect to the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system can be changed according to a preset rule, and the angle can be adjusted within a certain range by setting the angle change formula
  • the change for example, varies from 0 degrees to 360 degrees.
  • this embodiment can adjust the current on each phase coil in each winding unit by controlling the angle of the composite current vector of each winding unit relative to the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system as a change value. To change the value, adjust the heat dissipated on the coil of each phase, and at the same time balance the currents of the upper and lower bridge arm power switch units in each phase bridge arm of the reversible PWM rectifier 102, which improves the life of the power switch units in each phase bridge arm.
  • the synthesized current vectors of at least one pair of winding units in the L set of winding units are relative to the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system.
  • the angle is the change value.
  • f1 is the frequency of change of the angle of the composite current vector relative to the straight axis of the synchronous rotating coordinate system
  • ⁇ L/2-0 is the initial angle of one of the pair of synthesized current vectors with respect to the straight axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system
  • t is the time.
  • the synthesized current vector of at least one pair of winding units in the L set of winding units is relative to that in the synchronous rotating coordinate system.
  • the angle of the direct axis is the change value.
  • the changing frequency of the angle of the direct axis of the system, ⁇ L/2-0 is the initial angle of one of the pair of synthesized current vectors relative to the angle of the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, and t is the time.
  • the angle between the two winding units in a pair of winding units is a fixed value
  • the angle between the composite current vector of the other winding unit and the positive direction of the direct axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system is also the changed value, so that the composite current vector of each winding unit rotates in the preset direction, and each winding unit
  • the current of each phase coil changes sinusoidally and has the same amplitude.
  • Each phase coil in each winding unit heats the same, so that each winding unit heats completely, and the temperature of the motor winding and each permanent magnet is uniform, which can avoid some low-performance magnetic materials.
  • the heating temperature of the motor windings and the permanent magnets of the motor is not uniform, thereby avoiding the problem that the permanent magnets of the motor are easily demagnetized.
  • the impedance of the battery at different frequencies is used.
  • the heat generation of the battery itself can be increased. According to the heating power requirements of the battery at different temperatures, select the appropriate amplitude and electrical angle change frequency to facilitate system adjustment and response.
  • the angles of the L1 synthesized current vectors with respect to the direct axis of the synchronous rotating coordinate system are fixed values, and the amplitudes of the L1 synthesized current vectors are equal.
  • the angle of each set of synthesized current vector relative to the direct axis of the synchronous rotating coordinate system is a fixed value, and the amplitudes of at least one pair of synthesized current vectors are equal and change values.
  • the amplitude of at least one pair of composite current vectors is Among them, f 2 is the change frequency of the current vector amplitude, Is the maximum amplitude of the synthesized current vector.
  • this embodiment can balance the currents of the upper and lower arm power devices (including diodes) in the PWM rectifier, balance the life of the power devices, and synthesize the current vector.
  • the amplitude of each phase winding current is not exactly the same, the sinusoidal change signal of each phase current can make the heating of each phase winding of each winding more balanced, and by adjusting the change frequency f 2 of the synthesized current vector amplitude, the change is limited
  • the frequency f 2 is less than the carrier frequency of the system, that is, less than the switching frequency of the PWM rectifier.
  • the impedance of the battery is different at different frequencies. The greater the impedance, the greater the heat generation, which can increase the heat generation of the battery.
  • the energy conversion device includes a controller, the controller is connected to the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the controller is used for:
  • the target composite current vector of each winding unit is obtained according to the target heating power, including:
  • P is the target heating power
  • R s is the phase resistance of each phase winding of the nth winding unit working in the heating circuit
  • Is the combined current vector of the current of the n-th winding unit on the direct axis and the quadrature axis
  • m is the phase number of the bridge arm in the reversible PWM rectifier 102.
  • the amplitude of the target composite current vector of each winding unit is obtained, and the amplitude and electrical angle of the target composite current vector of each winding unit are obtained in the synchronous rotating coordinate system.
  • the target direct-axis current and target quadrature-axis current on the direct and quadrature axes and then obtain the actual quadrature-axis current and actual direct-axis current of each winding unit according to the sampled current value of each winding unit and the rotor electrical angle;
  • the actual quadrature axis current and the target quadrature axis current of the winding unit are closed-loop controlled to obtain the first target voltage difference, and the actual direct axis current and the target direct axis current of each winding unit are closed-loop controlled to obtain the second target voltage.
  • the first target voltage difference and the second target voltage difference are transformed by inverse Park and transmitted to the space vector pulse width modulation algorithm (SVPWM) to obtain the m-phase bridge arm duty cycle of the reversible PWM
  • SVPWM space vector
  • the controller outputs the m-phase bridge arm duty cycle to the reversible PWM rectifier 102, that is, it is possible to control the external power supply to output current to the winding unit of the motor coil 103 to flow through at least two sets of winding units in the motor coil 103 to output Target heating power.
  • this embodiment is when the external power source is the power battery 101, and the power battery 101 outputs current to the energy conversion device so that the motor coil 103 outputs the target heating power.
  • the power battery 101, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the winding units in the motor coil 103 form at least two sets of heating circuits.
  • the reversible PWM rectifier 102 includes a set of M 1 bridge arms.
  • the M 1 bridge arms form a first bus terminal and a second bus terminal.
  • the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the power battery 101 are respectively connected to the first bus terminal and the second terminal.
  • the motor coil 103 includes a first winding unit 131 and a second winding unit 132;
  • a first winding unit 131 includes m 1-phase winding, each phase winding phase windings m 1 n 1 comprises a coil branches, n 1 coil branches connected in common for each phase winding to form a phase endpoint, m the midpoint of each bridge arm of a bridge arm, with m endpoint and an m 1 phase windings correspondingly connected bridge arms, one coil of each phase winding n m 1 phase windings of a coil branch is The branches are also respectively connected to one of the n 1 coil branches in the other phase windings to form n 1 connection points, where m 1 ⁇ 2, n 1 ⁇ 1, and n 1 , m 1 are both Is an integer;
  • Unit 132 comprises a second winding phase windings m 2, m 2 of each phase winding in the phase winding comprises coils branches n 2, n 2 coils of each phase winding branches connected in common to form a phase endpoint, m
  • the phase end points of the 2- phase winding are connected to the midpoint of each bridge arm of the m 2 bridge arm in the M 1 bridge arm in a one-to-one correspondence, and one of the n 2 coil branches of each phase winding in the m 2 phase winding
  • the circuit is also connected to one of the n 2 coil branches in the other phase windings to form n 2 connection points, where m 2 ⁇ 2, M 1 ⁇ m 1 +m 2 , and n 2 ⁇ 1 and n 2 , m 2 , and M 1 are all integers;
  • the power battery 101, the reversible PWM rectifier 102 and the first winding unit 131 form a first heating circuit
  • the power battery 101, the reversible PWM rectifier 102 and the second winding unit 132 form a second heating circuit
  • the reversible PWM rectifier 102 is controlled according to an external control signal, so that the current output by the power battery 101 flows through the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 132 to generate heat, and the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 132
  • the vector sum of the composite current vector on the quadrature axis of the unit 132 in the synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the motor rotor field orientation is zero, so that the energy conversion device generates heat but does not output torque, and two sets of winding units can be used for heating. While the heating power is larger, the heating power of each winding is smaller than the heating power of only one winding unit, which can prolong the service life.
  • the external DC charging and discharging port, the winding unit in the motor coil 103, and the reversible PWM rectifier 102 form at least two sets of heating circuits, wherein the external DC charging and discharging port is connected to at least one of the motor coils 103 Sex line
  • the external power supply 100 is a DC power supply device, and the DC power supply device is connected to an external DC charging and discharging port;
  • the reversible PWM rectifier 102 includes a set of M 1 bridge arms, and the motor coil 103 includes a first winding unit 131 and a second winding unit 132;
  • the first winding unit 131 comprises a set of phase windings m 1, m 1 phase windings of each phase winding comprises coils branches n 1, n 1 coil branches connected in common for each phase winding forming a phase end, the midpoint m of each bridge arm with a bridge arm end with m m 1 1 phase windings correspondingly connected bridge arms, each phase winding n m 1 phase windings of a coil
  • One coil branch in the branch is also connected to one of the n 1 coil branches in the other phase windings to form n 1 connection points, and n 1 connection points form T 1 neutral points.
  • T 1 neutral point leads to the first neutral, neutral Article J 1 leads from T 1 neutral points; wherein, n 1 ⁇ T 1 ⁇ 1, T 1 ⁇ J 1 ⁇ 1, m 1 ⁇ 2 and n 1 , m 1 , T 1 , and J 1 are all positive integers;
  • Unit 132 comprises a second winding phase windings m 2, m 2 of each phase winding in the phase winding comprises coils branches n 2, n 2 coils of each phase winding branches connected in common to form a phase endpoint, m
  • the phase end points of the 2- phase winding are connected to the midpoint of each bridge arm of the m 2 bridge arm in the M 1 bridge arm in a one-to-one correspondence, and one of the n 2 coil branches of each phase winding in the m 2 phase winding
  • the circuit is also connected to one of the n 2 coil branches in the other phase windings to form n 2 connection points, n 2 connection points form T 2 neutral points, and T 2 neutral points a second lead neutral, neutral lead Article J 2 T 2 from neutral points; wherein, n 2 ⁇ T 2 ⁇ 1, T 2 ⁇ J 2 ⁇ 1, m 2 ⁇ 2, M ⁇ m1 + m2 And n 2 , m 2 , T 2 , and J 2 are all positive integers;
  • the direct current power supply device, the first winding unit 131 and the reversible PWM rectifier 102 form a third heating circuit
  • the direct current power supply device, the second winding unit 132 and the reversible PWM rectifier 102 form a fourth heating circuit.
  • the reversible PWM rectifier 102 is controlled according to an external control signal, so that the current output by the DC power supply device flows through the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 132 to generate heat, and causes the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 131 to generate heat.
  • the vector sum of the composite current vector on the quadrature axis of the unit 132 in the synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the motor rotor magnetic field orientation is zero, so that the energy conversion device generates heat but does not output torque, and the battery to be heated is insufficient. Power is supplied by the DC power supply equipment connected to the external DC charging and discharging port.
  • this embodiment is used to realize that the power battery 101 outputs current to the energy conversion device to cause the motor coil 103 to generate heat, while the DC power supply device charges the power battery 101 through the energy conversion device.
  • the external power supply 100 is a power battery 101 and a DC power supply device.
  • the power battery 101 is connected to a reversible PWM rectifier 102.
  • the external DC charge and discharge port is connected to at least one neutral wire drawn from the motor coil 103.
  • the DC power supply device is connected to an external DC charge and discharge port. ;
  • the power battery 101, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the winding units in the motor coil 103 form at least two sets of heating circuits, and the DC power supply device, the motor coil 103, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the power battery 101 form a charging circuit;
  • the external power source 100 is a power battery 101, the power battery 101 is connected to the reversible PWM rectifier 102, the external DC charging and discharging port 140 is connected to at least one neutral wire drawn from the motor coil 103, and the external DC charging and discharging port 140 is connected to a DC power supply device ;
  • the power battery 101, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the winding units in the motor coil 103 form at least two sets of heating circuits, and the power battery 101, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, the motor coil 103, and the DC electrical equipment form a discharge circuit;
  • the controller is also used to:
  • the actual direct axis current and actual quadrature axis current and zero axis current of each winding unit on the direct axis and quadrature axis on the synchronous rotating coordinate system are obtained, and according to the target quadrature axis current,
  • the target direct-axis current, the actual quadrature-axis current, and the actual direct-axis current obtain the first duty cycle (D 1 1, D 1 2...D 1 m) of the bridge arm of the reversible PWM rectifier 102 connected to each winding unit;
  • the duty cycle (D1, D2...Dm) of each phase of the bridge arm of the reversible PWM rectifier 102 connected to each set of winding units is obtained according to the first duty cycle and the duty cycle adjustment value.
  • the first heating power generated by the x-th winding unit is The second heating power generated by the x-th winding unit is
  • m x represents the number of winding phases of the x-th winding unit
  • Rs 0x represents the value of each phase coil branch connected to the neutral line in the x-th set of winding units
  • Phase resistance Represents the combined current vector of the current of the x-th winding unit on the direct axis and the quadrature axis
  • Rs x represents the phase resistance of each phase winding branch in the x-th winding unit.
  • the target charging current of each winding unit is obtained according to the target charging power, so that the current flowing in each winding unit can be the same, and the first heating power generated by each winding unit is obtained according to the target charging current.
  • the sum of the second heating power is the target heating power. Therefore, the second heating power generated by each winding unit is obtained by subtracting the first heating power generated by each winding unit from the target heating power;
  • P is the target heating power
  • R s works on the phase resistance of each phase winding of the n-th winding unit of the heating circuit
  • isn is the combined current vector of the n-th winding unit's current on the direct and quadrature axes
  • m Is the number of phases of the bridge arm in the reversible PWM rectifier 102.
  • the amplitude of the target composite current vector of each winding unit is obtained.
  • the amplitude and electrical angle of the target composite current vector of each winding unit are obtained on the synchronous rotating coordinate system.
  • the target direct-axis current and the target quadrature-axis current on the direct and quadrature axis of each winding unit, and then the actual quadrature-axis current and actual direct-axis current of each winding unit are obtained according to the sampled current value of each winding unit and the electrical angle of the rotor;
  • the actual quadrature axis current and the target quadrature axis current of each set of units are subjected to the difference calculation, and then the PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) operation is performed to obtain the first target voltage difference, and the actual direct axis current of each winding unit is compared with the target
  • the direct-axis current performs the difference calculation and then undergoes the PID (Proportional Integral Differentiation) calculation to obtain the second target voltage difference, and then the first target voltage difference and the second target voltage difference are transformed and transmitted to the space vector through inverse Park transformation
  • the pulse width modulation algorithm (SVPWM) obtains the first duty ratio of the m-phase bridge arm of
  • the duty cycle adjustment value of the bridge arm of the reversible PWM rectifier connected to each winding unit is obtained, according to the first duty cycle and the duty cycle.
  • the empty ratio adjustment value obtains the duty ratio of each phase of the bridge arm of the reversible PWM rectifier connected to each set of winding units.
  • the controller outputs the total duty cycle to the reversible PWM rectifier 102, that is, it is possible to control the power battery 101 to output current to the winding unit of the motor coil 103 to flow through at least two sets of winding units in the motor coil 103 to output the target Heating power, while realizing that the DC power supply device charges the power battery 101 through the energy conversion device.
  • the technical effect of this embodiment is that by setting the motor coil 103, the reversible PWM rectifier 102 in the energy conversion device and forming a charging circuit with the power battery 101 and the DC power supply device, only the working state of the reversible PWM rectifier 102 needs to be controlled to adjust the DC power supply.
  • the current flowing from the device and the power battery 101 to the charging circuit can realize the charging of the power battery 101 and the heating of the motor coil 103 at the same time, so that the same system can be used to charge the battery and the motor coil 103 to consume electricity to generate heat.
  • the components have a high degree of reuse, a high degree of system integration and a simple structure, thereby reducing the system cost and reducing the system volume.
  • the energy conversion device further includes a bus capacitor C1
  • the motor coil 103 includes a first winding unit 131 and a second winding unit 132
  • the bus capacitor, the reversible PWM rectifier 102 and the first winding unit 131 form a fifth heating circuit
  • the bus capacitor, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the second winding unit 132 form a sixth heating circuit.
  • the external DC charging and discharging port forms a charging circuit or a discharging circuit with the power battery 101 through the energy conversion device.
  • the external power source 100 is the power battery 101.
  • the reversible PWM rectifier 102 also includes a first bus terminal and a second bus terminal.
  • the first terminal of the external DC charging and discharging port is connected to at least two neutral wires drawn from the motor coil 103, and the external DC charging and discharging
  • the second end of the port is connected to the second bus terminal, the positive terminal of the power battery 101 is connected to the first bus terminal, the negative terminal of the power battery 101 is connected to the second bus terminal, and the external DC charging and discharging port is connected to the DC power supply device; the external power supply 100 When it is a power battery 101 and a DC power device, it will not be repeated.
  • the fifth heating circuit and the sixth heating circuit can be formed with the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 132 by multiplexing the bus capacitor C1 and the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the fifth heating circuit is obtained through the bus capacitor C1 and the reversible PWM rectifier 102.
  • the heating circuit and the sixth heating circuit perform heating.
  • the DC power supply device, the first winding unit 131, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the power battery 101 form a first charging circuit
  • the DC power supply device, the second winding unit 132, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the power battery 101 form a second charging circuit.
  • the charging circuit and the energy conversion device enable the first charging circuit, the first heating circuit and the second heating circuit to operate simultaneously or the second charging circuit, the first heating circuit and the second heating circuit to operate simultaneously according to the external control signal.
  • the external first DC charging and discharging port 104 forms the first charging circuit or the first discharging circuit with the power battery 101 through the energy conversion device, and the external second DC charging and discharging port 105 is connected to the power through the energy conversion device.
  • the battery 101 forms a second charging circuit or a second discharging circuit.
  • the reversible PWM rectifier 102 also includes a first bus terminal and a second bus terminal.
  • the first terminal of the external first DC charging and discharging port 104 is connected to the motor coil 103
  • the first neutral wire of the first winding unit 131, the first end of the external second DC charging and discharging port 105 is connected to the second neutral wire of the second winding unit 132 of the motor coil 103, and the external first DC charging and discharging
  • the second end of the port 104 and the second end of the external second DC charging and discharging port 105 are connected to the second bus terminal, the positive terminal of the power battery 101 is connected to the first bus terminal, and the negative terminal of the power battery 101 is connected to the second bus terminal.
  • two external DC charging and discharging ports are provided, so that two sets of winding units can be connected to two DC charging and discharging ports respectively to form a charging circuit or a discharging circuit.
  • the two external DC charging and discharging ports output The current flows through the correspondingly connected winding units at the same time to achieve greater heating power.
  • it further includes an external third DC charging and discharging port 110, the external third DC charging and discharging port 110, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the winding units in the motor coil 103 form at least two sets of heating circuits, wherein, The external third DC charging and discharging port 110 is connected to both ends of the reversible PWM rectifier 102.
  • the third external DC charging and discharging port 110 is connected to the first and second bus ends of the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the third external DC charging and discharging port 110, the reversible PWM rectifier 102 and the first winding unit 131 form a A heating circuit, the external third DC charging and discharging port 110, the reversible PWM rectifier 102 and the second winding unit 132 form a second heating circuit.
  • the reversible PWM rectifier 102 is controlled according to an external control signal, so that the current output by the external third DC charging and discharging port 110 flows through the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 132 to generate heat, and make the first winding
  • the combined current vector sum of the unit 131 and the second winding unit 132 with respect to the quadrature axis in the synchronous rotating coordinate system is zero, so that the energy conversion device generates heat and does not output torque.
  • Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of the energy conversion device provided by this embodiment.
  • the energy conversion device includes a reversible PWM rectifier 102 and a motor coil 103 , It also includes a first switch module 106 and a capacitor C1.
  • the first switch module 106 includes a switch K3, a switch K4, a resistor R, and a switch K5.
  • the positive pole of the power battery 101 is connected to the first end of the switch K3 and the first end of the switch K4.
  • the reversible PWM rectifier 102 includes a six-phase bridge arm, the first phase bridge arm includes a first power switch unit and a second power switch unit connected in series, and the second phase bridge arm includes a series connection The third power switch unit and the fourth power switch unit, the third phase bridge arm includes the fifth power switch unit and the sixth power switch unit connected in series, and the fourth phase bridge arm includes the seventh power switch unit and the first power switch unit connected in series.
  • the fifth phase bridge arm includes a ninth power switch unit and a tenth power switch unit connected in series
  • the sixth phase bridge arm includes an eleventh power switch unit and a twelfth power switch unit connected in series.
  • the input terminal of the capacitor C1 is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C1 and forms a first bus terminal, the output terminal of the second power switch unit, the output terminal of the fourth power switch unit, the output terminal of the sixth power switch unit, and the eighth power switch
  • the output end of the unit, the output end of the tenth power switch unit, and the output end of the twelfth power switch unit are commonly connected to the second end of the capacitor C1 and form a second bus terminal.
  • the first power switch unit includes a first upper bridge arm VT1 and a first upper bridge arm VT1.
  • An upper bridge diode VD1 the second power switch unit includes a second lower bridge arm VT2 and a second lower bridge diode VD2
  • the third power switch unit includes a third upper bridge arm VT3 and a third upper bridge diode VD3
  • the fourth power switch The unit includes a fourth lower bridge arm VT4 and a fourth lower bridge diode VD4
  • the fifth power switch unit includes a fifth upper bridge arm VT5 and a fifth upper bridge diode VD5
  • the sixth power switch unit includes a sixth lower bridge arm VT6 and a fifth upper bridge diode VD5.
  • the seventh power switch unit includes a seventh upper bridge arm VT7 and a seventh upper bridge diode VD7
  • the eighth power switch unit includes an eighth lower bridge arm VT8 and an eighth lower bridge diode VD8
  • the ninth power switch The unit includes a ninth upper bridge arm VT9 and a ninth upper bridge diode VD9
  • the tenth power switch unit includes a tenth lower bridge arm VT10 and a tenth lower bridge diode VD10
  • the eleventh power switch unit includes an eleventh upper bridge arm VT11
  • the twelfth power switch unit includes the twelfth lower bridge arm VT12 and the twelfth lower bridge
  • the first winding unit 131 includes a set of three-phase windings, each phase winding includes two coils, the coil U1 and the coil U2 in the first phase coil are connected to the midpoint U of the fourth phase bridge arm, and the second phase
  • coil W1 and W2 are commonly connected to the midpoint W of the sixth-phase bridge.
  • Coil U2, coil V2, and coil W2 is connected together to form the first connection point n1
  • the first connection point n1 forms the first independent neutral point
  • the first independent neutral point leads to the first neutral line
  • the coil U1, the coil V1 and the coil W1 are connected together to form the second connection At point n2, the second connection point n2 forms a second independent neutral point.
  • the second winding unit 132 includes a set of three-phase windings, and each phase winding includes two coil branches.
  • the coil A1 and the coil A2 in the first phase coil are common Connected to the midpoint A of the first phase bridge arm, the second phase coil, coil B1 and coil B2 are connected to the midpoint B of the second phase bridge arm, and the third phase coil is connected to the third phase coil C1 and C2.
  • the coil A1, the coil B1 and the coil C1 are connected together to form the fourth connection point n4, the coil A2, the coil B2 and the coil C2 are connected together to form the third connection point n3, and the third connection point n3 forms the third connection point.
  • Independent neutral point The third independent neutral point leads to the second neutral line.
  • the energy conversion module also includes a switch K1, a switch K2, a second switch module 107, and a third switch module 108.
  • the second switch module 107 includes a switch K6,
  • the third switch module 108 includes a switch K10, a switch K11, and a capacitor C3.
  • the first terminal and the second terminal of the external first DC charging and discharging port 104 are respectively connected to the second terminal of the switch K6 and the switch K7
  • the first end of the switch K6 is connected to the second end of the switch K1 and the first end of the capacitor C2, the first end of the switch K1 is connected to the first neutral line, and the first end of the switch K7 is connected to the first end of the capacitor C2.
  • the second neutral line is connected to the first terminal of switch K2.
  • the second terminal of switch K2 is connected to the first terminal of capacitor C3 and the first terminal of switch K10.
  • the second end is connected to the first end of the second DC charging and discharging port 105, the second end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the first end and the second bus terminal of the switch K11, and the second end of the switch K11 is connected to the second DC charging and discharging port 105.
  • the second end is connected to the first end of the second DC charging and discharging port 105.
  • the first DC charging and discharging port 104 and the second DC charging and discharging port 105 by setting the first DC charging and discharging port 104 and the second DC charging and discharging port 105 to be connected to the first neutral line and the second neutral line, respectively, the first DC charging and discharging port 104 and the second A winding unit 131 and the reversible PWM rectifier 102 form a heating circuit, so that the second DC charging and discharging port 105, the second winding unit 132, and the reversible PWM rectifier 102 form a heating circuit, and the first DC charging and discharging port 104 and the second The DC charging and discharging port 105 forms a charging and discharging circuit with the power battery 101 through an energy conversion device.
  • the difference from Figure 7 is that it also includes a switch K8 and a switch K9.
  • the third connection point n3 forms a neutral point and leads to a first neutral line, which is connected to the first end of the switch K1.
  • the first end and the second end of the external first DC charging and discharging port 104 are respectively connected to the second end of the switch K6 and the second end of the switch K7, and the first end of the switch K6 is connected to the second end of the switch K1 and the capacitor
  • the first terminal of C2 the first terminal of switch K1 is connected to the first neutral line
  • the second terminal of switch K7 is connected to the second terminal of capacitor C2 and the second confluence terminal of reversible PWM rectifier 102
  • the external third DC charge and discharge The first end of the port 110 is connected to the first end of the switch K8, the second end of the switch K8 is connected to the second end of the switch K3, and the second end of the external third DC charging and discharging port is connected to the first end of the switch K9
  • the third DC charging and discharging port 110 by connecting the third DC charging and discharging port 110 to the reversible PWM rectifier 102, not only can the power battery 101, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the winding units in the motor coil 103 form two heating circuits, but also the second heating circuit can be realized.
  • the three DC charging and discharging ports 110, the reversible PWM rectifier 102 and the winding units in the motor coil 103 form two sets of heating circuits.
  • the two winding units 132 form a second connection point n2, the first connection point n1 and the second connection point n2 are connected together to form a first neutral point, the first neutral point leads to the first neutral line, and the first neutral line is connected to the switch
  • the first terminal of K1 the first terminal and the second terminal of the external first DC charging and discharging port 104 are respectively connected to the second terminal of switch K6 and the second terminal of switch K7, and the first terminal of switch K6 is connected to switch K1.
  • the second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C2, the first terminal of the switch K1 is connected to the first neutral line, and the second terminal of the switch K7 is connected to the second terminal of the capacitor C2 and the second confluence terminal of the reversible PWM rectifier 102.
  • first DC charging and discharging port 104 by providing a first DC charging and discharging port 104 to be connected to the first neutral line, it is realized that only one first DC charging and discharging port 104 needs to be provided, that is, the first DC charging and discharging port 104 can be realized.
  • the winding unit in the motor coil 103 and the reversible PWM rectifier 102 form two sets of heating circuits, and the first DC charging and discharging port 104 forms a charging and discharging circuit with the power battery 101 through an energy conversion device.
  • the difference from Figure 7 is that it also includes a switch K8 and a switch K9.
  • the first end of the external third DC charging and discharging port 110 is connected to the first end of the switch K8, and the second end of the switch K8 is connected to the switch.
  • the second end of K3 and the second end of the external third DC charging and discharging port 110 are connected to the first end of the switch K9, and the second end of the switch K9 is connected to the second end of the switch K5.
  • the first DC charging and discharging port 104 by providing the first DC charging and discharging port 104, the second DC charging and discharging port 105, and the third DC charging and discharging port 110, the first DC charging and discharging port 104, the first winding unit 131, and the reversible
  • the PWM rectifier 102 forms a heating circuit
  • the second DC charging and discharging port 105, the second winding unit 132, and the reversible PWM rectifier 102 form a heating circuit.
  • the third DC charging and discharging port 110, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the first winding unit 131 forms a set of heating circuit
  • the third DC charging and discharging port 110, the reversible PWM rectifier 102, and the second winding unit 132 form a set of heating circuit
  • the first DC charging and discharging port 104 and the second DC charging and discharging port 105 can also be realized.
  • the energy conversion device and the power battery 101 respectively form a charging and discharging circuit.
  • the target composite current vector of each winding unit is calculated according to the following formula:
  • P is the target heating power
  • R s works on the phase resistance of each phase winding of the n-th winding unit of the heating circuit
  • isn is the combined current vector of the n-th winding unit's current on the direct and quadrature axes
  • m is The number of phases of the bridge arms in the reversible PWM rectifier 102.
  • the magnitude of the vector is
  • the heating power of each set of windings is equally divided.
  • the effect of this setting method is: the heating power of each set of windings is equal, the power of different windings is balanced, and each set of windings is evenly distributed on the motor, and the heat is evenly distributed, and no one set will appear.
  • the life of each winding of the motor is balanced, but the current of each phase winding in each winding is inconsistent, the heating of each phase winding is not completely balanced, and the IGBT (or MOSFEET or SiC or other power devices of the upper and lower bridge arms of each phase)
  • the use of semiconductor switching devices) and parallel diodes is unbalanced.
  • the heating algorithm framework of this method is consistent with the driving algorithm framework, and the algorithm structure is simple.
  • Method A The winding unit t of the motor is an even-numbered set. According to formula 1, it is calculated from the heating power P Control of n sets of windings The magnitude of the vector is Controls a composite current vector in any n/2 pairs of winding units in n sets of winding units The angle is angle, and the other composite current vector The angle is -angle, with Equal in size and opposite in direction, and with Regarding direct axis symmetry (m ⁇ k, see Figure 11, for example: 1 ⁇ m ⁇ n/2, n/2+1 ⁇ k ⁇ t), ensure that the sum of the composite current vectors on the quadrature axis of all composite current vectors is 0 .
  • a composite current vector in the n/2 pair of winding units Angle is the change value, control
  • the angle angle with the straight axis increases uniformly from 0 to 180, then uniformly decreases from 180 to 0 or uniformly increases from 0 to 360, and changes continuously and uniformly from 0 to 360
  • each phase winding in each set of windings changes sinusoidally and has the same amplitude, and the frequency is f 2.
  • Each set of windings has the same heating, each phase winding has the same heating, and each phase winding has a completely balanced heating.
  • the temperature of each permanent magnet is uniform.
  • the upper and lower arm power devices (including diodes) can be balanced in current, and the life of the power devices can be balanced.
  • This patented technology can make each phase winding of the motor generate uniform heat, and the temperature of the motor windings and the permanent magnets is uniform, and can avoid the uneven heating temperature of the motor windings and the permanent magnets of some low-performance magnetic materials, which causes the permanent magnets of the motor to easily demagnetize The problem.
  • the compressor motor is likely to cause a decrease in the anti-demagnetization ability of the motor in a low temperature environment, especially when the compressor fails to start in a low temperature environment, the permanent magnet of the motor has a great risk of demagnetization.
  • 2Adjust the frequency f 2 to take advantage of the different impedances of the battery at different frequencies. The greater the impedance, the greater the heat generated, which increases the heat of the battery. According to the different temperature of the battery, select the appropriate frequency f 2 while taking into account the ease of system adjustment and response.
  • Method B The number of motor winding sets z is an odd number
  • the amplitude of the vector is zero, and the remaining n-1 sets of windings are controlled according to the even-numbered sets of windings.
  • the angle with the straight axis can be selected arbitrarily and calculated
  • the vector is on the straight axis, and the remaining n-1 sets of windings are controlled according to the even-numbered sets of windings.
  • the angle with the straight axis can be selected arbitrarily and calculated
  • the technical effect of this embodiment is: through the z-th set of windings No heating control, simple realization method, z-th winding
  • the magnitude of the vector is controlled to Or will
  • the amplitude of the vector is controlled to be a sinusoidal signal or a sinusoidal signal superimposed with a DC offset,
  • the rest are controlled according to even-numbered sets of windings, which can achieve maximum power heating, and each set of windings is evenly distributed, and the total heating is also balanced.
  • the first DC charging and discharging port 104 when it is detected that the first DC charging and discharging port 104 is connected to the first DC power supply device, and the second DC charging and discharging port 105 is connected to the second DC power supply device, the first DC power supply device and the second DC power supply device
  • the DC power supply equipment simultaneously charges the energy conversion device with DC, and in-phase controls the reversible PWM rectifier 102 to work.
  • the implementation process is as follows:
  • Control switch K4 and switch K5 to conduct pre-charge for capacitor C1, keep switch K1, switch K2, switch K3, switch K6, switch K7, switch K10, switch K11 off, and control switch K3 after the pre-charge is completed.
  • the control switch K4 is turned off.
  • the control switches K1 and K2 are closed to control the voltage of the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3.
  • the switches K6, K7 and K10 are controlled , K11 is closed, and when it is judged that the voltage sampling U on capacitor C2 and capacitor C3 is within the sent target value range, control the first DC power supply device and the second DC power supply device to officially start charging, otherwise disconnect all switches and stop charging.
  • the second lower bridge arm VT2, the fourth lower bridge arm VT4, and the sixth lower bridge arm VT6 are controlled to be turned on, and the first upper bridge arm VT1, the third upper bridge arm VT3, and the fifth upper bridge arm VT5 are controlled.
  • the first DC power supply device switch K6, switch K1, first winding unit 131, reversible PWM rectifier 102 (seventh upper bridge diode VD7, ninth upper bridge diode VD9, eleventh upper bridge diode VD11),
  • the switch K3, the power battery 101, the switch K5, and the switch K7 constitute the first DC charging and energy storage release loop; at the same time, the second DC power supply device, the switch K10, the switch K2, the second winding unit 132, and the reversible PWM rectifier 102 (second lower The bridge arm VT2, the fourth lower bridge arm VT4, the sixth lower bridge arm VT6), and the switch K11 constitute the second DC charging and energy storage circuit.
  • the energy conversion device makes the first DC charging and energy storage release circuit and the second DC charging and energy storage release circuit according to the external control signal.
  • the DC charging and energy storage circuits work at the same time.
  • control the second lower bridge arm VT2, the fourth lower bridge arm VT4, and the sixth lower bridge arm VT6 to turn off, the first upper bridge arm VT1, the third upper bridge arm VT3, and the fifth upper bridge arm VT5.
  • control the seventh upper bridge arm VT7, the ninth upper bridge arm VT9, and the eleventh upper bridge arm VT11 to turn off, the eighth lower bridge arm VT8, the tenth lower bridge arm VT10, and the twelfth lower bridge arm VT12 Turned on, the first DC power supply device, switch K6, switch K1, first winding unit 131, reversible PWM rectifier 102 (eighth lower bridge arm VT8, tenth lower bridge arm VT10, twelfth lower bridge arm VT12),
  • the switch K7 constitutes the first DC charging and energy storage circuit, while the second DC power supply device, the switch K10, the switch K2, the second winding unit 132, the reversible PWM rectifier 102 (the first upper bridge diode
  • the energy conversion device controls the first DC charging energy storage circuit and the first DC charging energy storage release circuit to work alternately according to the external control signal to realize the first DC power supply device to charge the battery through the energy conversion device, and control according to the external control signal
  • the second DC charging energy storage circuit and the second DC charging energy storage release circuit work alternately to realize that the second power supply device charges the battery through the energy conversion device, and makes the first DC charging energy storage release circuit and the second DC charging energy storage release circuit and the second DC charging energy storage release circuit through phase-stagger control.
  • the DC charging and energy storage circuits work at the same time, so that the second DC charging and energy storage release circuit and the first DC charging and energy storage circuit work at the same time, thereby realizing that the first DC power supply device and the second DC power supply device are connected through the energy conversion device at the same time.
  • the power battery 101 is charged.
  • the first DC charging and discharging port 104 is connected to DC electrical equipment
  • the second DC charging and discharging port 105 is connected to DC charging equipment
  • the power battery 101 is discharged to the DC electrical equipment through the energy conversion device.
  • the DC charging device charges the power battery 101 through the energy conversion device, and the implementation process is as follows:
  • the second lower bridge arm VT2, the fourth lower bridge arm VT4, and the sixth lower bridge arm VT6 are controlled to be turned on, the first upper bridge arm VT1, the third upper bridge arm VT3, and the fifth upper bridge arm VT5 are turned on.
  • a DC discharge energy storage release circuit is formed, and at the same time, DC charging equipment, switch K10, switch K2, second winding unit 132, reversible PWM rectifier 102 (second lower bridge arm VT2, fourth lower bridge arm VT4, sixth lower bridge arm VT6) ), the switch K11 forms a DC charging energy storage circuit, and the energy conversion device makes the DC discharge energy storage release circuit and the DC charging energy storage circuit work at the same time according to the external control signal.
  • control the second lower bridge arm VT2, the fourth lower bridge arm VT4, and the sixth lower bridge arm VT6 to turn off, the first upper bridge arm VT1, the third upper bridge arm VT3, and the fifth upper bridge arm VT5.
  • control the seventh upper bridge arm VT7, the ninth upper bridge arm VT9, and the eleventh upper bridge arm VT11 to conduct at the same time, the eighth lower bridge arm VT8, the tenth lower bridge arm VT10, and the twelfth lower bridge arm VT12.
  • capacitor C1 reversible PWM rectifier 102 (the seventh upper bridge arm VT7, the ninth upper bridge arm VT9, the eleventh upper bridge arm VT11), the first winding unit 131, switch K1, switch K6, DC power equipment , Switch K7 forms a DC discharge energy storage circuit, while DC charging equipment, switch K10, switch K2, second winding unit 132, reversible PWM rectifier 102 (first upper bridge diode VD1, third upper bridge diode VD3, fifth upper bridge The diode VD5), the switch K3, the power battery 101, the switch K5, and the switch K11 form a DC charging energy storage release circuit, and the energy conversion device makes the DC discharge energy storage circuit and the DC charging energy storage release circuit work according to an external control signal.
  • the energy conversion device controls the DC charging energy storage circuit and the DC charging energy storage release circuit to work alternately according to the external control signal to realize that the DC power supply device charges the battery through the energy conversion device, and controls the DC discharge energy storage circuit and the DC discharge storage circuit according to the external control signal
  • the energy release circuit works alternately to realize that the power battery 101 discharges the DC electrical equipment through the energy conversion device, and the DC charging energy storage circuit and the DC discharge energy storage release circuit work at the same time through the staggered control, so that the DC charging energy storage release circuit and The DC discharge energy storage circuits work simultaneously, thereby realizing that the DC power supply device charges the power battery 101 through the energy conversion device and the power battery 101 discharges the DC power device through the energy conversion device at the same time.
  • the power battery 101 discharges to the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 132 through the energy conversion device, and the implementation process is as follows:
  • the bridge arm VT6 forms the first heating and energy storage circuit, the power battery 101, the seventh upper bridge arm VT7, the first winding unit 131 (coil U1, coil U2), the first winding unit 131 (coil V1, coil W1, coil V2 and The coil W2), the tenth lower bridge arm VT10 and the twelfth lower bridge arm VT12 form a second heating energy storage circuit.
  • the bridge arms in the reversible PWM rectifier 102 are controlled to be turned off, the first winding unit 131 (coil A1 and coil A2), the first winding unit 131 (coil B1, coil C1, coil B2, and coil C2),
  • the third upper bridge diode VD3 and the fifth upper bridge diode VD5 form a first heating and energy storage freewheeling circuit.
  • the first winding unit 131 (coil V1, coil W1, coil V2 and coil W2), the first winding unit 131 (coil U1, coil U2), the ninth upper bridge diode VD9 and the eleventh upper bridge diode VD11, the power battery 101, and the eighth lower bridge diode VD8 form a second heating energy storage freewheeling circuit .
  • the energy conversion device makes the first heating energy storage freewheeling loop and the second heating energy storage freewheeling loop work simultaneously according to the external control signal.
  • the controller obtains the target heating power, and obtains the target composite current vector of each winding unit according to the following formula:
  • P is the target heating power
  • R s is the phase resistance of each phase winding of the winding unit working in the heating circuit
  • Is the combined current vector of the direct-axis current and the quadrature-axis current of the first winding unit in the synchronous rotating coordinate system
  • It is the combined current vector of the direct-axis current and the quadrature-axis current of the second set of winding units on the synchronous rotating coordinate system.
  • the amplitude of the target composite current vector of each winding unit is obtained, and the amplitude and electrical angle of the target composite current vector of each winding unit are obtained in the synchronous rotating coordinate system.
  • the target direct-axis current and target quadrature-axis current on the direct and quadrature axes and then obtain the actual quadrature-axis current and actual direct-axis current of each winding unit according to the sampled current value of each winding unit and the rotor electrical angle;
  • the actual quadrature axis current and the target quadrature axis current of the set unit are subjected to the difference calculation, and then the PID (Proportional Integral Differentiation) operation is performed to obtain the first target voltage difference, and the actual direct axis current of each set unit is compared with the target direct current.
  • PID Proportional Integral Differentiation
  • the shaft current performs the difference calculation and then undergoes PID (Proportional Integral Differentiation) calculation to obtain the second target voltage difference, and then the first target voltage difference and the second target voltage difference are transformed by inverse Park and transmitted to the space vector pulse
  • the wide modulation algorithm (SVPWM) obtains the duty cycle of the first group of three-phase bridge arms in the reversible PWM rectifier 102 connected to the first set of winding units, and obtains the first group of the reversible PWM rectifier 102 connected to the second set of winding units. Duty cycle of two groups of three-phase bridge arms.
  • the controller controls the first heating energy storage circuit and the first heating energy storage freewheeling circuit to alternately work according to the duty cycle of the first group of three-phase bridge arms and the duty cycle of the second group of three-phase bridge arms to realize the power battery 101 through energy
  • the conversion device outputs current to the first winding unit 131, and controls the second heating energy storage circuit and the second heating energy storage circuit according to the duty ratio of the first group of three-phase bridge arms and the second group of three-phase bridge arms
  • the freewheeling loop works alternately to realize that the power battery 101 outputs current to the second winding unit 132 through the energy conversion device.
  • the power battery 101 discharges to the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 132 through the energy conversion device, and the implementation process is as follows:
  • the bridge arm VT6 forms the first heating energy storage circuit
  • the power battery 101 the ninth upper bridge arm VT9 and the eleventh upper bridge arm VT11
  • the first winding unit 131 coil V1, coil W1, coil V2 and coil W2
  • a winding unit 131 (coil U1, coil U2) and the eighth lower bridge arm VT8 form a second heating and energy storage circuit.
  • the bridge arms in the reversible PWM rectifier 102 are controlled to be turned off, the first winding unit 131 (coil A1 and coil A2), the first winding unit 131 (coil B1, coil C1, coil B2, and coil C2),
  • the three upper bridge diodes VD3 and the fifth upper bridge diode VD5, the power battery 101, and the second lower bridge diode VD2 form the first heating energy storage freewheeling circuit.
  • the first winding unit 131 (coil V1, coil W1, coil V2 and coil W2 ), the first winding unit 131 (coil U1, coil U2), the seventh upper bridge diode VD7, the power battery 101, the tenth lower bridge diode VD10 and the twelfth lower bridge diode VD12 form a second heating energy storage freewheeling circuit
  • the energy conversion device makes the first heating energy storage freewheeling loop and the second heating energy storage freewheeling loop work simultaneously according to the external control signal.
  • the energy conversion device controls the first heating energy storage circuit and the first heating energy storage freewheeling circuit to work alternately according to the external control signal to realize that the power battery 101 outputs current to the first winding unit 131 through the energy conversion device, and controls the first winding unit 131 according to the external control signal.
  • the second heating energy storage circuit and the second heating energy storage freewheeling circuit work alternately to realize that the power battery 101 outputs current to the second winding unit 132 through the energy conversion device.
  • the power battery 101 discharges to the first winding unit 131 and the second winding unit 132 through the energy conversion device, and the implementation process is as follows:
  • the bridge arm VT6 forms the first heating energy storage circuit
  • the power battery 101 the ninth upper bridge arm VT9 and the eleventh upper bridge arm VT11, the first winding unit 131 (coil V1, coil W1, coil V2 and coil W2), A winding unit 131 (coil U1, coil U2) and the eighth lower bridge arm VT8 form a second heating energy storage circuit.
  • the energy conversion device makes the first heating energy storage circuit and the second heating energy storage circuit work simultaneously according to an external control signal.
  • the second DC charging and discharging port 105, the second winding unit 132 (the coil B1, the coil C1, the coil B2 and the coil C2), the fourth lower bridge arm VT4 and the sixth lower bridge arm VT6 form a first direct current charging and energy storage circuit.
  • the bridge arm in the control reversible PWM rectifier 102 is turned off, the second winding unit 132 (coil A1 and coil A2), the second winding unit 132 (coil B1, coil C1, coil B2, and coil C2), and the second winding unit 132 (coil B1, coil C1, coil B2, and coil C2).
  • the three upper bridge diodes VD3 and the fifth upper bridge diode VD5, the power battery 101, and the second lower bridge diode VD2 form the first heating energy storage freewheeling circuit.
  • the first winding unit 131 (coil V1, coil W1, coil V2 and coil W2 ), the first winding unit 131 (coil U1, coil U2), the seventh upper bridge diode VD7, the power battery 101, the tenth lower bridge diode VD10 and the twelfth lower bridge diode VD12 form a second heating energy storage freewheeling circuit
  • the second DC charging and discharging port 105, the second winding unit 132 (coil B1, coil C1, coil B2, and coil C2), the third upper bridge diode VD3 and the fifth upper bridge diode VD5, and the power battery 101 form the first DC charging Energy storage freewheeling loop.
  • the energy conversion device controls the first heating energy storage circuit and the first heating energy storage freewheeling circuit to work alternately according to the external control signal to realize that the power battery outputs current to the first winding unit 131 through the energy conversion device, and controls the second winding unit 131 according to the external control signal.
  • the heating energy storage circuit and the second heating energy storage freewheeling circuit work alternately to realize that the power battery outputs current to the second winding unit 132 through the energy conversion device, and controls the first DC charging and energy storage circuit and the second DC according to the external control signal
  • the charging energy storage freewheeling loop works alternately to realize that the DC power supply equipment charges the power battery through the energy conversion device.
  • the second embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, and the electric vehicle further includes the energy conversion device provided in the first embodiment.
  • the heating and cooling circuit of the battery pack includes the following circuits: motor drive system cooling circuit, battery cooling system circuit, and air conditioning system cooling circuit.
  • the battery cooling system loop is integrated with the air conditioning cooling system through the heat exchange plate; the battery cooling system loop is connected through the four-way valve and the motor drive system cooling loop.
  • the cooling circuit of the motor drive system connects and disconnects the radiator through the switching of the three-way valve.
  • the motor drive system cooling circuit and the battery cooling system circuit are switched through the valve body to change the flow direction of the coolant in the pipeline, so that the coolant heated by the motor drive system flows to the battery cooling system, and completes the transfer of heat from the motor drive system to the battery cooling;
  • the driving system is in the non-heating mode, and the three-way valve and the four-way valve are switched.
  • the motor drive system coolant goes through the A circuit, and the battery cooling system coolant goes through the C circuit; the motor is in the heating mode and is switched by the three-way valve and the four-way valve.
  • the cooling liquid of the motor drive system goes through the B circuit, so that the cooling liquid after the heating of the motor drive system flows to the battery pack cooling circuit to heat the battery.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present application, “multiple” means two or more, unless it is specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , Or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • installed can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , Or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • the first feature “on” or “under” the second feature may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or the first and second features may be indirectly through an intermediary. contact.
  • the "above”, “above” and “above” of the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is higher than the second feature.
  • the “below”, “below” and “below” of the second feature of the first feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is smaller than the second feature.

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Abstract

一种能量转换装置，包括可逆PWM整流器(102)和电机线圈(103)，电机线圈(103)包括L套绕组单元(131、132)，每套绕组单元(131、132)与可逆PWM整流器(102)连接，其中，L≥2，且为正整数；外部的电源(100)、可逆PWM整流器(102)以及电机线圈(103)中的绕组单元(131、132)形成至少两套待加热设备的加热电路；能量转换装置根据控制信号控制可逆PWM整流器(102)，使外部的电源(100)输出的电流流经电机线圈(103)中的至少两套绕组单元(131、132)以产生热量，并使至少两套绕组单元(131、132)在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中的合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零，该能量转换装置可省去额外的动力电池加热装置，降低了整个装置的成本。

Description

能量转换装置及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求比亚迪股份有限公司于2019年9月25日提交的、申请名称为“能量转换装置及车辆”的、中国专利申请号“201910913787.3”的优先权。
技术领域
本申请涉及车辆技术领域，尤其涉及一种能量转换装置及车辆。
背景技术
随着电动车辆的不断普及，越来越多的电动车辆将进入社会和家庭，为人们的出行带来很大便利，电动车辆中的动力电池通常采用锂离子电池，锂离子电池的一般工作温度为-20℃到55℃，锂离子电池在低温以下不允许充电。现有技术中对低温电池进行加热的方案是利用PTC加热器或者电热丝加热器或者发动机或者电机在低温时对电池冷却回路的冷却液进行加热，通过冷却液来给电池电芯加热到预定温度。并且当电池处于低温低电量状态下，比如极端条件-19℃，SOC＝0，电池不容许放电，只允许小电流充电，大功率加热小功率充电，PTC加热器难以胜任，无法边充电边加热，导致电池充电时间长。
综上所述，现有技术中存在低温状态下采用加热设备对动力电池进行加热时导致成本增加，以及充电过程和加热过程不能密切配合导致低温充电时间过长的问题。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本申请的一个目的在于提出一种能量转换装置及车辆，能够解决低温状态下采用加热设备对动力电池进行加热时导致成本增加，以及充电过程和加热过程不能密切配合导致低温充电时间过长的问题。
本申请是这样实现的，本申请第一方面提供一种能量转换装置，包括可逆PWM整流器和电机线圈，所述电机线圈包括L套绕组单元，每套绕组与所述可逆PWM整流器连接，其中，L≥2，且为正整数；
外部的电源、所述可逆PWM整流器以及所述电机线圈中的绕组单元形成至少两套待加热设备的加热电路；
所述能量转换装置根据控制信号控制所述可逆PWM整流器，使所述外部的电源输出的电流流经所述电机线圈中的至少两套绕组单元以产生热量，并使所述至少两套绕组单元在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中的交轴电流的合成电流矢量的矢量和为零。
本申请第二方面提供一种车辆，所述车辆还包括第一方面提供的所述能量转换装置。
本申请提出的一种能量转换装置的技术效果在于：通过采用包括可逆PWM整流器和电机线圈的能量转换装置，使该能量转换装置与外部的电源连接时，外部的电源、可逆PWM整流器以及电机线圈中的绕组单元形成至少两套加热电路；控制可逆PWM整流器使外部的电源输出的电流流经所述电机线圈中的至少两套绕组单元以产生热量，并使至少两套绕组单元在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中的交轴电流的合成电流矢量的矢量和为零，使能量转换装置中的电机不输出扭矩，以加热流经电机线圈的冷却管中的冷却液，当该冷却液流经动力电池时加热动力电池，可省去额外的动力电池加热装置，降低了整个装置的成本。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置中的电机线圈的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的电路图；
图8是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一电路图；
图9是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一电路图；
图10是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一电路图；
图11是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置中的合成电流矢量位于基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系示意图；
图12是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置中的另一合成电流矢量位于基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系示意图；
图13是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的电流流向图；
图14是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一电流流向图；
图15是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一电流流向图；
图16是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一电流流向图；
图17是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一电流流向图；
图18是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一电流流向图；
图19是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一电流流向图；
图20是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一电流流向图；
图21是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一电流流向图；
图22是本申请实施例一提供的一种能量转换装置的另一电流流向图；
图23是本申请实施例二提供的一种车辆的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
为了说明本申请的技术方案，下面通过具体实施例来进行说明。
本申请实施例一提供一种能量转换装置，如图1和图2所示，包括可逆PWM整流器102和电机线圈103，电机线圈103包括L套绕组单元，每套绕组与可逆PWM整流器102连接，其中，L≥2，且为正整数；
外部的电源100、可逆PWM整流器102以及电机线圈103中的绕组单元形成至少两套待加热设备的加热电路；
能量转换装置根据外部信号控制可逆PWM整流器102，使外部的电源100输出的电流流经电机线圈103中的至少两套绕组单元以产生热量，并使至少两套绕组单元在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零。其中，第x套绕组单元产生的加热功率为
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000001
其中，m x代表第x套绕组单元的绕组相数，Rs x代表第x套绕组单元各相绕组的相电阻，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000002
代表第x套绕组单元在同步旋转坐标系上的直轴电流和交轴电流的合成电流矢量，L≥x≥1，且为正整数。
其中，电机可以是同步电机(含无刷同步机)或者异步电机，电机线圈103的相数大于等于2，电机绕组的套数大于等于2(如双相电机、三相电机、六相电机、九相电机、十五相等等)，且电机线圈103的连接点形成中性点引出中性线，电机线圈103的中性线可以是多根数引出，具体电机线圈103的连接点数量取决于电机内部绕组并联结构，电机线圈103在电机内部的并联连接点的数量以及连接点形成中性点引出中性线的数量由实际方案的使用情况确定，其中，电机线圈103包括L套绕组单元，每套绕组与可逆PWM整流 器102连接，其中，L≥2，且为正整数；即电机线圈103的部分线圈支路或者全部线圈支路至少构成第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132，第一绕组单元131即第一套绕组，第二绕组单元132即第二套绕组，第L绕组单元即第L套绕组，第一绕组单元131包括至少两个相端点和至少一个中性点，第二绕组单元132包括至少两个相端点和至少一个中性点，第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132具有不同的相端点，并且第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132均通过相端点连接可逆PWM整流器102，第一绕组单元131的中性点可以引出中性线，也可以处于悬空状态，第二绕组单元132的中性点可以引出中性线，也可以处于悬空状态；同时，每一套绕组单元的所有相绕组作为一个基本单元，对每一个基本单元采用电机矢量控制都可以独立的控制电机运行，可逆PWM整流器102中的PWM为脉冲宽度调制(Pulse width modulation)，可逆PWM整流器102包括多相桥臂，桥臂数量根据电机线圈103的相数进行配置，每相逆变器桥臂包括两个功率开关单元，功率开关单元可以是晶体管、IGBT、MOSFET管、SiC管等器件类型，桥臂中两个功率开关单元的连接点连接电机中的一相线圈，可逆PWM整流器102中的功率开关单元可以根据外部控制信号实现导通和关闭。
其中，外部的电源100、可逆PWM整流器102以及电机线圈103中的绕组单元形成至少两套加热电路，外部的电源100、可逆PWM整流器102以及电机线圈103所形成的加热电路是指外部的电源100输出的电流通过可逆PWM整流器102流经电机线圈103时产生热量进而形成加热电路；电机线圈103中的绕组单元至少包括第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132，外部的电源100、可逆PWM整流器102、第一绕组单元131形成第一加热电路，外部的电源100输出的电流通过可逆PWM整流器102流经第一绕组单元131时产生热量进而形成第一加热电路；外部的电源100、可逆PWM整流器102、第二绕组单元132形成第二加热电路，外部的电源100输出的电流通过可逆PWM整流器102流经第二绕组单元132时产生热量进而形成第二加热电路；外部的电源100可以为车辆内的电源，例如，可以为动力电池等，外部的电源100也可以通过充放电口连接外部供电设备，如充电桩；对于第一加热电路和第二加热电路可以由多种实现方式，例如，如图3所示，外部的电源100为动力电池101时，动力电池101、可逆PWM整流器102、第一绕组单元131形成第一加热电路，动力电池101、可逆PWM整流器102、第二绕组单元132形成第二加热电路，如图2所示，外部的电源100还可以通过直流充放电口连接外部供电设备形成第一加热电路和第二加热电路，例如，如图4所示，直流充放电口140可以连接可逆PWM整流器102，直流充放电口140、可逆PWM整流器102、第一绕组单元131形成第一加热电路，直流充放电口140、可逆PWM整流器102、第二绕组单元132形成第二加热电路；如图5所示，直流充放电口140还可以连接第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132的中性线，直流充放电口 140、第一绕组单元131、可逆PWM整流器102形成第一加热电路，直流充放电口140、第二绕组单元132、可逆PWM整流器102形成第二加热电路。
其中，能量转换装置包括控制器，控制器与可逆PWM整流器102连接，并向可逆PWM整流器102发送控制信号，控制器可以包括整车控制器、可逆PWM整流器102的控制电路和BMS电池管理器电路，三者通过CAN线连接，控制器中的不同模块根据所获取的信息控制可逆PWM整流器102中功率开关单元的导通和关断以实现不同电流回路的导通；控制器向能量转换装置中的可逆PWM整流器102发送控制信号，使外部的电源100输出的电流流经电机线圈103中的至少两套绕组单元以产生热量，以加热流经电机线圈103的冷却管中的冷却液，当该冷却液流经动力电池101时加热动力电池101。
其中，能量转换装置根据外部控制信号使至少两套绕组单元在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零，是指每套绕组单元在同步旋转坐标系上的交轴电流和直轴电流形成一个合成电流矢量，在交轴上的矢量和为所有合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和，能量转换装置根据外部控制信号控制每套绕组单元在同步旋转坐标系的合成电流矢量的大小和方向，使在交轴上的所有的合成电流矢量和为零，此时，能量转换装置中的电机不输出扭矩。
本申请实施例一种能量转换装置的技术效果在于：通过采用包括可逆PWM整流器102和电机线圈103的能量转换装置，使该能量转换装置与外部的电源100连接时，外部的电源100、可逆PWM整流器102以及电机线圈103中的绕组单元形成至少两套加热电路；控制可逆PWM整流器102使外部的电源100输出的电流流经电机线圈103中的至少两套绕组单元以产生热量，并使至少两套绕组单元相对于同步旋转坐标系中的合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零，使能量转换装置中的电机不输出扭矩，并使外部的电源100输出的电流流经电机线圈103中的至少两套绕组单元以产生热量，以加热流经电机线圈103的冷却管中的冷却液，当该冷却液流经动力电池101时加热动力电池101，可省去额外的动力电池加热装置，降低了整个装置的成本，且至少两套绕组单元形成至少两套加热电路，加热的功率大，加热速度快，同时两套绕组单元用于加热可实现较大的加热功率的同时每套绕组的发热功率与仅用一套绕组单元加热的功率小，可延长使用寿命。
作为第一种实施方式，当L套绕组单元中的L1套绕组单元工作于加热电路中时，L1套绕组单元对应L1个合成电流矢量，并形成
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000003
对合成电流矢量，每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，每一对合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称，其中，L≥L1≥2，且L1为偶数。
其中，L套绕组单元中的L1套绕组单元工作于加热电路是指能量转换装置中的可逆 PWM整流器102根据控制信号使其中的功率开关单元工作时，使外部的电源100输出的电流通过可逆PWM整流器102流经L1套绕组单元，L1套绕组单元对应一个基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系，L1套绕组单元同时对应L1个合成电流矢量，L1为偶数时可以形成
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000004
对合成电流矢量，由于控制每一对合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称，并且每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，则每对合成电流矢量在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中交轴上的分量可以相互抵消，实现了至少两套绕组单元相对于同步旋转坐标系中的合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零，进而实现使能量转换装置中的电机不输出扭矩。
需要说明的是，本实施例中，基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系的电流与直轴的角度均为电角度。
作为第二种实施方式，当L套绕组单元中的L1套绕组单元工作于加热电路中时，L1套绕组单元对应L1个合成电流矢量，并形成
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000005
对合成电流矢量，每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，至少一对合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称，并且至少一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量之间的电角度相差180°，其中，L≥L1≥2，且L1为偶数。
其中，本实施方式与第一种实施方式的不同点在于，除了至少一对合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称以外，还设有至少一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量之间的电角度相差180°，由于每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，因此合成电流矢量的幅值大小相等方向相反，即呈中心对称的每一对合成电流矢量和为0，进而
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000006
对合成电流矢量在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中交轴上的分量可以相互抵消，实现了至少两套绕组单元相对于同步旋转坐标系中合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零，进而实现使能量转换装置中的电机不输出扭矩。此外，当一对合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称时，当获取其中一个合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为α时，可知该对合成电流矢量中的另一个合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为360-α，当两个合成电流矢量与直轴之间的角度相差180度，当获取每一对合成电流矢量中一个合成电流矢量与直轴之间的角度时，即可获知另一个合成电流矢量与直轴之间的角度，通过该角度与合成电流矢量的幅值即可获知该合成电流矢量在直轴和交轴上的分量值。
作为第三种实施方式，当L套绕组单元中的L2套绕组单元工作于加热电路中时，L2 套绕组单元对应L2个合成电流矢量，并形成
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000007
对合成电流矢量和第一合成电流矢量，每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，每一对合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称，第一合成电流矢量位于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴上，其中，L≥L2≥3，L2为奇数。
其中，L套绕组单元中的L2套绕组单元工作于加热电路是指能量转换装置中的可逆PWM整流器102根据控制信号使其中的功率开关单元工作时，使外部的电源100输出的电流通过可逆PWM整流器102流经L2套绕组单元，L2套绕组单元对应一个基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系，L2套绕组单元同时对应L2个合成电流矢量，L2为奇数，L2包括第一合成电流矢量和L2-1个合成电流矢量，L2-1为偶数，可以形成
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000008
对合成电流矢量，由于控制每一对合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称，并且每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，则每对合成电流矢量在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中交轴上的分量可以相互抵消，同时第一合成电流矢量位于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴上，实现了至少两套绕组单元在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中的合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零，进而实现使能量转换装置中的电机不输出扭矩。
作为第四种实施方式，当L套绕组单元中的L2套绕组单元工作于加热电路中时，L2套绕组单元对应L2个合成电流矢量，并形成
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000009
对合成电流矢量和第一合成电流矢量，至少一对合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称，每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，并且至少一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量之间的角度相差180°，第一合成电流矢量位于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴上，其中，L≥L2≥3，L2为奇数。
其中，本实施方式与第三种实施方式的不同点在于，除了至少一对合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称以外，还设有至少一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量之间的角度相差180°，由于合成电流矢量的幅值大小相等方向相反，即呈角度相差180°的两个合成电流矢量和为0，进而
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000010
对合成电流矢量在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中交轴上的分量可以相互抵消，并且第一合成电流矢量位于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴上，实现了至少两套绕组单元在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中的合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零，进而实现使能量转换装置中的电机不输出扭矩。此外，当一对合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称时，当获取其中一个合成电流矢量 相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为α时，可知该对合成电流矢量中的另一个合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为-α，当合成电流矢量呈中心对称时，可知两个合成电流矢量与直轴之间的角度相差180度，当获取每一对合成电流矢量中一个合成电流矢量与直轴之间的角度时，即可获知另一个合成电流矢量与直轴之间的角度，通过该角度与合成电流矢量的幅值即可获知该合成电流矢量在直轴和交轴上的分量值。
作为第五种实施方式，当L套绕组单元中的L3套绕组单元工作于加热电路中时，L3套绕组单元对应L3个合成电流矢量，并形成
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000011
对合成电流矢量和第二合成电流矢量，每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，且每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量之间的角度相差180°，第二合成电流矢量位于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴上，其中，L≥L3≥3，L3为奇数。
其中，L套绕组单元中的L3套绕组单元工作于加热电路是指能量转换装置中的可逆PWM整流器102根据控制信号使其中的功率开关单元工作时，使外部的电源100输出的电流通过可逆PWM整流器102流经L3套绕组单元，L3套绕组单元对应一个基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系，L3套绕组单元同时对应L3个合成电流矢量，L3为奇数，L3包括第二合成电流矢量和L3-1个合成电流矢量，L3-1为偶数，可以形成
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000012
对合成电流矢量，由于每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量之间的角度相差180°，并且每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，可以使合成电流矢量的幅值大小相等方向相反，即角度相差180°的合成电流矢量和为0，进而
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000013
对合成电流矢量在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中交轴上的分量可以相互抵消，并且第二合成电流矢量位于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴上，实现了至少两套绕组单元在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中的合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零，进而实现使能量转换装置中的电机不输出扭矩。
对于每个合成电流矢量与同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度，作为一种实施方式，L套绕组单元中每套绕组单元的合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为固定值。
其中，由于每套绕组单元的合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为固定值，由于L套绕组单元中每套绕组单元的合成电流矢量可以被划分为多对合成电流矢量，每对合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴或者原点对称，则获取一对合成电流矢量中一个合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度，即可获取另一个合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度，进一步获取每个合成电流矢量分别在直轴和 交轴上的分量，由于每对合成电流矢量在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中直轴和交轴上的分量可以相互抵消，实现了至少两套绕组单元在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中的合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零。
对于每个合成电流矢量与同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度，作为另一种实施方式，L套绕组单元中每套绕组单元的合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为变化值。
其中，L套绕组单元中每套绕组单元的合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度的变化可以根据预设规则进行变化，可以通过设置角度变化公式使角度在一定范围内进行变化，例如，在0度至360度内变化。
本实施方式与上述实施方式相比，通过控制每套绕组单元的合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为变化值，可以实现调节每项绕组单元中每相线圈上的电流为变化值，调节每相线圈上散发的热量，同时使可逆PWM整流器102中每相桥臂中上下桥臂功率开关单元的通电流均衡，提升了每相桥臂中功率开关单元的寿命。
作为一种实施方式，每一对合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称时，L套绕组单元中至少一对绕组单元的合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为变化值，一对合成电流矢量中一个合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为θ L/2-1＝2πf 1t+θ L/2-0，另一个合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为θ L/2-2＝-θ L/2-1，其中，f1为合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系的直轴的角度的变化频率，θ L/2-0为该对合成电流矢量中的一个相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度的初始角度，t为时间。
作为一种实施方式，每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量之间的角度相差180°时，L套绕组单元中至少一对绕组单元的合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为变化值，一对合成电流矢量中一个合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为θ L/2-1＝2πf 1t+θ L/2-0，另一个合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为θ L/2-2＝2πf 1t+180+θ L/2-0，其中，f 1为合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系的直轴的角度的变化频率，θ L/2-0为该对合成电流矢量中的一个相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度的初始角度，t为时间。
其中，上述两种实施方式中，由于一对绕组单元中的两个绕组单元之间的角度为固定值，当一个绕组单元的合成电流矢量与同步旋转坐标系中的直轴正方向的角度为变化值时，另一个绕组单元的合成电流矢量与同步旋转坐标系中的直轴正方向的角度也为变化值，使每个绕组单元的合成电流矢量按照预设方向旋转起来，每个绕组单元中每相线圈的电流正 弦变化且幅值一致，每个绕组单元中每相线圈发热一致，使每套绕组单元发热完全均衡，电机绕组及各永磁体温度均匀，可以避免部分低性能磁性材料的电机在电机绕组及各永磁体加热温度不均匀，进而避免导致电机的永磁体容易退磁的问题。
此外，通过调节变化频率，利用电池不同频率下的阻抗不同，阻抗越大发热越大，当外部的电源为电池时，可增大电池本身的发热。根据电池不同温度下的加热功率需求，选择合适的幅值和电角度变化频率，便于系统调节和响应。
对于合成电流矢量的幅值，作为一种实施方式，L1个合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系的直轴的角度为固定值，L1个合成电流矢量的幅值相等。
通过设置每个合成电流矢量的幅值为固定值，可以实现L1个合成电流矢量的幅值在直轴和交轴上的分量相互抵消。
对于合成电流矢量的幅值，作为另一种实施方式，每套合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系的直轴的角度为固定值，至少一对合成电流矢量的幅值相等且为变化值，至少一对合成电流矢量的幅值为
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000014
其中，f 2为电流矢量幅值变化频率，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000015
为合成电流矢量的最大幅值。
本实施方式与上一实施方式相比，通过调节合成电流矢量的幅值为正弦变化，可以使PWM整流器中上下桥臂功率器件(含二极管)通电流均衡，使功率器件寿命均衡，合成电流矢量的幅值的每相绕组电流虽然不完全一样，但是每相电流正弦变化的信号可以使每套绕组的每相绕组受热更均衡，并且通过调整合成电流矢量幅值的变化频率f 2，限制变化频率f 2小于系统的载波频率，即小于PWM整流器的开关频率，利用电池在不同频率下的阻抗不同，阻抗越大发热越大，可以增大电池的发热。
作为一种实施方式，能量转换装置包括控制器，控制器连接可逆PWM整流器102，控制器用于：
根据外部控制信号获取电机线圈103需要产生的目标加热功率；
根据目标加热功率获得每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量；
根据目标合成电流矢量获取每套绕组单元分别在同步旋转坐标系上的直轴和交轴上的目标直轴电流和目标交轴电流；
获取每套绕组单元分别在同步旋转坐标系上的直轴和交轴上的实际直轴电流和实际交轴电流，并根据目标交轴电流、目标直轴电流、实际交轴电流、实际直轴电流获取每套绕组单元连接的可逆PWM整流器102的桥臂的占空比。
其中，根据目标加热功率获得每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量，包括：
根据以下公式获得每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量：
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000016
其中，P为目标加热功率，R s为工作于加热电路的第n套绕组单元各相绕组的相电阻，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000017
为第n套绕组单元的电流在直轴和交轴的合成电流矢量，m为可逆PWM整流器102中的桥臂的相数。
根据目标加热功率和上述公式获得每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量的幅值，根据每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量的幅值和电角度获取每套绕组单元分别在同步旋转坐标系上的直轴和交轴上的目标直轴电流和目标交轴电流，再根据每套绕组单元的采样电流值和转子电角度获取每套绕组单元的实际交轴电流和实际直轴电流；再将每套绕组单元的实际交轴电流和目标交轴电流进行闭环控制后得到第一目标电压差值，以及将每套绕组单元的实际直轴电流和目标直轴电流进行闭环控制后得到第二目标电压差值，再将第一目标电压差值和第二目标电压差值通过反Park变换并传输至空间矢量脉宽调制算法(SVPWM)得到可逆PWM整流器102的m相桥臂占空比。
本实施方式中通过控制器向可逆PWM整流器102输出m相桥臂占空比，即可以实现控制外部电源向电机线圈103的绕组单元输出电流流经电机线圈103中的至少两套绕组单元以输出目标加热功率。
作为一种实施方式，本实施方式为外部电源为动力电池101时，并且动力电池101向能量转换装置输出电流使电机线圈103输出目标加热功率。
其中，动力电池101、可逆PWM整流器102以及电机线圈103中的绕组单元形成至少两套加热电路。
如图6所示，可逆PWM整流器102包括一组M 1路桥臂，M 1路桥臂形成第一汇流端和第二汇流端，动力电池101的正极端和负极端分别连接第一汇流端和第二汇流端，电机线圈103包括第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132；
第一绕组单元131包括一套m 1相绕组，m 1相绕组中的每一相绕组包括n 1个线圈支路，每一相绕组的n 1个线圈支路共接形成一个相端点，m 1相绕组的相端点与M 1路桥臂中的m 1路桥臂的每路桥臂的中点一一对应连接，m 1相绕组中的每一相绕组的n 1个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路还分别与其他相绕组中的n 1个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路连接，以形成n 1个连接点，其中，m 1≥2，n 1≥1且n 1，m 1均为整数；
第二绕组单元132包括一套m 2相绕组，m 2相绕组中的每一相绕组包括n 2个线圈支路，每一相绕组的n 2个线圈支路共接形成一个相端点，m 2相绕组的相端点与M 1路桥臂中m 2路桥臂的每路桥臂的中点一一对应连接，m 2相绕组中的每一相绕组的n 2个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路还分别与其他相绕组中的n 2个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路连接，以形成n 2个连接点，其中，m 2≥2，M 1≥m 1+m 2，n 2≥1且n 2，m 2，M 1均为整数；
动力电池101、可逆PWM整流器102以及第一绕组单元131形成第一加热电路，动力电池101、可逆PWM整流器102以及第二绕组单元132形成第二加热电路。
本实施方式中，根据外部控制信号控制可逆PWM整流器102，使动力电池101输出的电流流经第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132以产生热量，并使第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中的合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零，以使能量转换装置产生热量并不输出扭矩，且两套绕组单元用于加热可实现较大的加热功率的同时每套绕组的发热功率与仅用一套绕组单元加热的功率小，可延长使用寿命。
作为另一种实施方式，外部的直流充放电口、电机线圈103中的绕组单元以及可逆PWM整流器102形成至少两套加热电路，其中，外部的直流充放电口连接电机线圈103引出的至少一条中性线；
外部的电源100为直流供电设备，直流供电设备连接外部的直流充放电口；
可逆PWM整流器102包括一组M 1路桥臂，电机线圈103包括第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132；
如图6所示，第一绕组单元131包括一套m 1相绕组，m 1相绕组中的每一相绕组包括n 1个线圈支路，每一相绕组的n 1个线圈支路共接形成一个相端点，m 1相绕组的相端点与M 1路桥臂中的m 1路桥臂的每路桥臂的中点一一对应连接，m 1相绕组中的每一相绕组的n 1个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路还分别与其他相绕组中的n 1个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路连接，以形成n 1个连接点，n 1个连接点形成T 1个中性点，T 1个中性点引出第一中性线，从T 1个中性点引出J 1条中性线；其中，n 1≥T 1≥1，T 1≥J 1≥1，m 1≥2且n 1，m 1，T 1，J 1均为正整数；
第二绕组单元132包括一套m 2相绕组，m 2相绕组中的每一相绕组包括n 2个线圈支路，每一相绕组的n 2个线圈支路共接形成一个相端点，m 2相绕组的相端点与M 1路桥臂中m 2路 桥臂的每路桥臂的中点一一对应连接，m 2相绕组中的每一相绕组的n 2个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路还分别与其他相绕组中的n 2个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路连接，以形成n 2个连接点，n 2个连接点形成T 2个中性点，T 2个中性点引出第二中性线，从T 2个中性点引出J 2条中性线；其中，n 2≥T 2≥1，T 2≥J 2≥1，m 2≥2，M≥m1+m2且n 2，m 2，T 2，J 2均为正整数；
直流供电设备、第一绕组单元131以及可逆PWM整流器102形成第三加热电路，直流供电设备、第二绕组单元132以及可逆PWM整流器102形成第四加热电路。
本实施方式中，根据外部控制信号控制可逆PWM整流器102，使直流供电设备输出的电流流经第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132以产生热量，并使第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中的合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零，以使能量转换装置产生热量并不输出扭矩，且待加热的电池电量不足时，可通过外部的直流充放电口连接的直流供电设备供电。
作为另一种实施方式，本实施方式用于实现动力电池101向能量转换装置输出电流使电机线圈103产生热量，同时直流供电设备通过能量转换装置对动力电池101进行充电。
外部的电源100为动力电池101和直流供电设备，动力电池101连接可逆PWM整流器102，外部的直流充放电口连接电机线圈103引出的至少一条中性线，直流供电设备连接外部的直流充放电口；
动力电池101、可逆PWM整流器102以及电机线圈103中的绕组单元形成至少两套加热电路，直流供电设备、电机线圈103、可逆PWM整流器102、动力电池101形成充电电路；
或者，外部的电源100为动力电池101，动力电池101连接可逆PWM整流器102，外部的直流充放电口140连接电机线圈103引出的至少一条中性线，外部的直流充放电口140连接直流供电设备；
动力电池101、可逆PWM整流器102以及电机线圈103中的绕组单元形成至少两套加热电路，动力电池101、可逆PWM整流器102、电机线圈103、直流用电设备形成放电电路；
控制器还用于：
获取电机线圈103需要产生的目标加热功率和和动力电池101的目标充电功率或者目标放电功率；
根据目标充电功率或者目标放电功率获取每套绕组单元的目标充电电流或者目标放电电流，根据目标充电电流或者目标放电电流获取每套绕组单元产生的第一加热功率；
根据目标加热功率和每套绕组单元产生的第一加热功率获取每套绕组单元产生的第二加热功率；
根据第二加热功率获得每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量，根据目标合成电流矢量获取每套绕组单元分别在同步旋转坐标系上的直轴和交轴上的目标直轴电流和目标交轴电流；
根据每套绕组单元的采样电流值获取每套绕组单元分别在同步旋转坐标系上的直轴和交轴上的实际直轴电流和实际交轴电流和零轴电流，并根据目标交轴电流、目标直轴电流、实际交轴电流、实际直轴电流获取每套绕组单元连接的可逆PWM整流器102的桥臂的第一占空比(D 11、D 12…D 1m)；
根据目标充电电流或者目标放电电流和零轴电流获取每套绕组单元连接的可逆PWM整流器102的桥臂的的占空比调节值(D0)；
根据第一占空比和占空比调节值获取每套绕组单元连接的可逆PWM整流器102的每相桥臂的占空比(D1、D2…Dm)。
其中，第x套绕组单元产生的第一加热功率为
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000018
第x套所述绕组单元产生的第二加热功率为
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000019
其中，m x代表第x套所述绕组单元的绕组相数，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000020
代表经过第x套所述绕组单元中各相绕组的电流在所述零轴上形成的目标电流矢量，Rs 0x代表所述第x套绕组单元中与中性线连接的各相线圈支路的相电阻，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000021
代表第x套绕组单元的电流在直轴和交轴的合成电流矢量，Rs x代表所述第x套绕组单元中的各相绕组支路的相电阻。
其中，根据目标充电功率获取每套绕组单元的目标充电电流，可以使每套绕组单元中流过的电流相同，根据目标充电电流获取每套绕组单元产生的第一加热功率，由于第一加热功率和第二加热功率的和为目标加热功率，因此，通过目标加热功率减去每套绕组单元产生的第一加热功率获取每套绕组单元产生的第二加热功率；
根据第二加热功率获得每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量，包括：
根据以下公式获得每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量：
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000022
其中，P为目标加热功率，R s工作于加热电路的第n套绕组单元各相绕组的的相电阻，i sn为第n套绕组单元的电流在直轴和交轴的合成电流矢量，m为可逆PWM整流器102中的桥臂的相数。
根据第二加热功率和上述公式获得每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量的幅值，根据每 套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量的幅值和电角度获取每套绕组单元分别在同步旋转坐标系上的直轴和交轴上的目标直轴电流和目标交轴电流，再根据每套绕组单元的采样电流值和转子电角度获取每套绕组单元的实际交轴电流和实际直轴电流；再将每套套组单元的实际交轴电流和目标交轴电流进行差值运算后再经过PID(比例积分微分)运算后得到第一目标电压差值，以及将每套绕组单元的实际直轴电流和目标直轴电流进行差值运算后再经过PID(比例积分微分)运算后得到第二目标电压差值，再将第一目标电压差值和第二目标电压差值通过反Park变换并传输至空间矢量脉宽调制算法(SVPWM)得到可逆PWM整流器102的m相桥臂的第一占空比，根据目标合成电流矢量和电机相数计算每套绕组单元的目标电流值，
将每套绕组单元的目标充电电流或者目标放电电流与
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000023
进行乘法运算再和零轴电流进行矢量运算后再经过PID(比例积分微分)运算后得到每套绕组单元连接的可逆PWM整流器的桥臂的占空比调节值，根据第一占空比和占空比调节值获取每套绕组单元连接的所述可逆PWM整流器的每相桥臂的占空比，具体的，根据以下公式获取每相桥臂的占空比，D1＝D 11+D0、D2＝D 12+D0…Dm＝D 1m+D0。
本实施方式中通过控制器向可逆PWM整流器102输出总的占空比，即可以实现控制动力电池101向电机线圈103的绕组单元输出电流流经电机线圈103中的至少两套绕组单元以输出目标加热功率，同时实现直流供电设备通过能量转换装置向动力电池101进行充电。
本实施方式的技术效果在于：通过在能量转换装置中设置电机线圈103、可逆PWM整流器102并与动力电池101及直流供电设备形成充电电路，仅需要控制可逆PWM整流器102的工作状态进而调节直流供电设备和动力电池101流向充电电路的电流，即可实现使对动力电池101进行充电的同时使电机线圈103进行加热，进而实现采用同一系统对电池进行充电和使电机线圈103进行耗电产生热量，元器件复用程度高，系统集成度高且结构简单，从而降低了系统成本，减小了系统体积。
作为一种实施方式，能量转换装置还包括母线电容C1，电机线圈103包括第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132，母线电容、可逆PWM整流器102以及第一绕组单元131形成第五加热电路，母线电容、可逆PWM整流器102以及第二绕组单元132形成第六加热电路，外部的直流充放电口通过能量转换装置与动力电池101形成充电电路或者放电电路，其中，外部的电源100为动力电池101和直流供电设备时，可逆PWM整流器102还包括第一汇流端和第二汇流端，外部的直流充放电口的第一端连接电机线圈103引出的至少两条中性线，外部的直流充放电口的第二端连接第二汇流端，动力电池101的正极端连接第一汇流端，动力电池101的负极端连接第二汇流端，外部的直流充放电口连接直流供电设备；外部的电源100为动力电池101和直流用电设备时，不再赘述。
本实施方式中，可以通过复用母线电容C1和可逆PWM整流器102，分别与第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132形成第五加热电路和第六加热电路，通过母线电容取电对第五加热电路和第六加热电路进行加热。
本实施方式中，直流供电设备、第一绕组单元131、可逆PWM整流器102、动力电池101形成第一充电电路，直流供电设备、第二绕组单元132、可逆PWM整流器102、动力电池101形成第二充电电路，能量转换装置根据外部控制信号使第一充电电路、第一加热电路以及第二加热电路同时工作或者使第二充电电路、第一加热电路以及第二加热电路同时工作。
作为一种连接方式，外部的第一直流充放电口104通过能量转换装置与动力电池101形成第一充电电路或者第一放电电路，外部的第二直流充放电口105通过能量转换装置与动力电池101形成第二充电电路或者第二放电电路，其中，可逆PWM整流器102还包括第一汇流端和第二汇流端，外部的第一直流充放电口104的第一端连接电机线圈103的第一绕组单元131的第一中性线，外部的第二直流充放电口105的第一端连接电机线圈103的第二绕组单元132的第二中性线，外部的第一直流充放电口104的第二端和外部的第二直流充放电口105的第二端连接第二汇流端，动力电池101的正极端连接第一汇流端，动力电池101的负极端连接第二汇流端。本实施方式中，设置两个外部的直流充放电口，可使两套绕组单元分别连接到两个直流充放电口，形成充电电路或者放电电路，同时，两个外部的直流充放电口输出的电流同时流经对应连接的绕组单元，实现更大的加热功率。
作为另一种实施方式，还包括外部的第三直流充放电口110，外部的第三直流充放电口110、可逆PWM整流器102以及电机线圈103中的绕组单元形成至少两套加热电路，其中，外部的第三直流充放电口110连接在可逆PWM整流器102的两端。
外部的第三直流充放电口110连接在所述可逆PWM整流器102的第一汇流端和第二汇流端，外部的第三直流充放电口110、可逆PWM整流器102以及第一绕组单元131形成第一加热电路，外部的第三直流充放电口110、可逆PWM整流器102以及第二绕组单元132形成第二加热电路。
本实施方式中，根据外部控制信号控制可逆PWM整流器102，使外部的第三直流充放电口110输出的电流流经第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132以产生热量，并使第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132相对于同步旋转坐标系中的交轴的合成电流矢量和为零，以使能量转换装置产生热量并不输出扭矩。
图7为本实施方式提供的能量转换装置的电路图，以m 1＝m 2＝3，M 1＝6，n 1＝n 2＝2为例，能量转换装置包括可逆PWM整流器102、电机线圈103，还包括第一开关模块106以及电容C1，第一开关模块106包括：开关K3、开关K4，电阻R、开关K5，动力电池101的正 极连接开关K3的第一端和开关K4的第一端，开关K4的第二端连接电阻R的第一端，开关K3的第二端和电阻R的第二端连接电容C1的第一端，电池的负极连接开关K5的第一端，开关K5的第二端连接电容C1的第二端，可逆PWM整流器102包括六相桥臂，第一相桥臂包括串联连接的第一功率开关单元和第二功率开关单元，第二相桥臂包括串联连接的第三功率开关单元和第四功率开关单元，第三相桥臂包括串联连接的第五功率开关单元和第六功率开关单元，第四相桥臂包括串联连接的第七功率开关单元和第八功率开关单元，第五相桥臂包括串联连接的第九功率开关单元和第十功率开关单元，第六相桥臂包括串联连接的第十一功率开关单元和第十二功率开关单元，第一功率开关单元的输入端、第三功率开关单元的输入端、第五功率开关单元的输入端、第七功率开关单元的输入端、第九功率开关单元的输入端、第十一功率开关单元的输入端共接于电容C1的第一端并形成第一汇流端，第二功率开关单元的输出端、第四功率开关单元的输出端、第六功率开关单元的输出端、第八功率开关单元的输出端、第十功率开关单元、第十二功率开关单元的输出端共接于电容C1的第二端并形成第二汇流端，第一功率开关单元包括第一上桥臂VT1和第一上桥二极管VD1，第二功率开关单元包括第二下桥臂VT2和第二下桥二极管VD2，第三功率开关单元包括第三上桥臂VT3和第三上桥二极管VD3，第四功率开关单元包括第四下桥臂VT4和第四下桥二极管VD4，第五功率开关单元包括第五上桥臂VT5和第五上桥二极管VD5，第六功率开关单元包括第六下桥臂VT6和第六下桥二极管VD6，第七功率开关单元包括第七上桥臂VT7和第七上桥二极管VD7，第八功率开关单元包括第八下桥臂VT8和第八下桥二极管VD8，第九功率开关单元包括第九上桥臂VT9和第九上桥二极管VD9，第十功率开关单元包括第十下桥臂VT10和第十下桥二极管VD10，第十一功率开关单元包括第十一上桥臂VT11和第十一上桥二极管VD11，第十二功率开关单元包括第十二下桥臂VT12和第十二下桥二极管VD12，第一绕组单元131包括一套三相绕组，每相绕组包括两个线圈，第一相线圈中的线圈U1、线圈U2共接于第四相桥臂的中点U，第二相线圈中线圈V1、线圈V2共接于第五相桥臂的中点V，第三相线圈中线圈W1、线圈W2共接于第六相桥臂的中点W，线圈U2、线圈V2、线圈W2共接形成第一连接点n1，第一连接点n1形成第一独立中性点，第一独立中性点引出第一中性线，线圈U1、线圈V1、线圈W1共接形成第二连接点n2，第二连接点n2形成第二独立中性点，第二绕组单元132包括一套三相绕组，每相绕组包括两个线圈支路，第一相线圈中的线圈A1、线圈A2共接于第一相桥臂的中点A，第二相线圈中线圈B1、线圈B2共接于第二相桥臂的中点B，第三相线圈中线圈C1、线圈C2共接于第三相桥臂的中点C，线圈A1、线圈B1、线圈C1共接形成第四连接点n4，线圈A2、线圈B2、线圈C2共接形成第三连接点n3，第三连接点n3形成第三独立中性点，第三独立中性点引出第二中性线，能量转换模块还包括开关K1、开关K2、第二开关模块 107以及第三开关模块108，第二开关模块107包括开关K6、开关K7、电容C2，第三开关模块108包括开关K10、开关K11以及电容C3，外部的第一直流充放电口104的第一端和第二端分别连接开关K6的第二端和开关K7的第二端，开关K6的第一端连接开关K1的第二端和电容C2的第一端，开关K1的第一端连接第一中性线，开关K7的第一端连接电容C2的第二端和可逆PWM整流器102的第二汇流端，第二中性线连接开关K2的第一端，开关K2的第二端连接电容C3的第一端和开关K10的第一端，开关K10的第二端连接第二直流充放电口105的第一端，电容C3的第二端连接开关K11的第一端和第二汇流端，开关K11的第二端连接第二直流充放电口105的第二端。
本实施方式中，通过设置第一直流充放电口104和第二直流充放电口105分别与第一中性线和第二中性线连接，可以使第一直流充放电口104、第一绕组单元131、可逆PWM整流器102形成加热电路，使第二直流充放电口105、第二绕组单元132、可逆PWM整流器102形成加热电路，还可以实现第一直流充放电口104与第二直流充放电口105通过能量转换装置与动力电池101形成充放电回路。
如图8所示，与图7的不同点在于还包括开关K8和开关K9，第三连接点n3形成中性点并引出第一中性线，第一中性线连接开关K1的第一端，外部的第一直流充放电口104的第一端和第二端分别连接开关K6的第二端和开关K7的第二端，开关K6的第一端连接开关K1的第二端和电容C2的第一端，开关K1的第一端连接第一中性线，开关K7的第二端连接电容C2的第二端和可逆PWM整流器102的第二汇流端，外部的第三直流充放电口110的第一端连接开关K8的第一端，开关K8的第二端连接开关K3的第二端，外部的第三直流充放电口的第二端连接开关K9的第一端，开关K9的第二端连接开关K5的第二端，此外，图8与图7的不同点还在于图8中不设有第二开关模块。
本实施方式中，通过设置第三直流充放电口110与可逆PWM整流器102连接，不仅可以实现动力电池101、可逆PWM整流器102以及电机线圈103中的绕组单元形成两套加热电路，还可以实现第三直流充放电口110、可逆PWM整流器102以及电机线圈103中的绕组单元形成两套加热电路。
如图9所示，与图8的不同点在于第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132中的线圈支路n 1＝n 2＝1，第一绕组单元131形成第一连接点n1，第二绕组单元132形成第二连接点n2，第一连接点n1和第二连接点n2共接形成第一中性点，第一中性点引出第一中性线，第一中性线连接开关K1的第一端，外部的第一直流充放电口104的第一端和第二端分别连接开关K6的第二端和开关K7的第二端，开关K6的第一端连接开关K1的第二端和电容C2的第一端，开关K1的第一端连接第一中性线，开关K7的第二端连接电容C2的第二端和可逆PWM整流器102的第二汇流端。
本实施方式中，通过设置一个第一直流充放电口104与第一中性线连接，实现了仅需要设置一个第一直流充放电口104，即可以实现第一直流充放电口104、电机线圈103中的绕组单元以及可逆PWM整流器102形成两套加热电路，并且该第一直流充放电口104通过能量转换装置与动力电池101形成充放电回路。
如图10所示，与图7的不同点在于还包括开关K8和开关K9，外部的第三直流充放电口110的第一端连接开关K8的第一端，开关K8的第二端连接开关K3的第二端，外部的第三直流充放电口110的第二端连接开关K9的第一端，开关K9的第二端连接开关K5的第二端。
本实施方式中，通过设置第一直流充放电口104、第二直流充放电口105、第三直流充放电口110，可以实现第一直流充放电口104、第一绕组单元131、可逆PWM整流器102形成一套加热电路，第二直流充放电口105、第二绕组单元132、可逆PWM整流器102形成一套加热电路，第三直流充放电口110、可逆PWM整流器102、第一绕组单元131形成一套加热电路，第三直流充放电口110、可逆PWM整流器102、第二绕组单元132形成一套加热电路，还可以实现第一直流充放电口104、第二直流充放电口105分别通过能量转换装置与动力电池101形成充放电回路。
下面针对具体电路结构对本申请的具体工作原理进行说明：
当能量转换装置仅用于加热时，充电电流等于0，扭矩等于0，获取目标加热功率P，根据以下公式计算每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量：
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000024
其中，P为目标加热功率，R s工作于加热电路的第n套绕组单元各相绕组的相电阻，i sn为第n套绕组单元的电流在直轴和交轴的合成电流矢量，m为可逆PWM整流器102中的桥臂的相数。
控制第n套绕组的
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000025
矢量的幅值为|i S*|，设置
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000026
始终在直轴上，即
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000027
且i d不始终为0，设置
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000028
或者等于0值附近较小的值，通过控制
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000029
的大小控制加热功率，z为电机绕组的套数，1≤n≤z。
设置
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000030
即每套绕组的加热功率均分，该设置方式的效果在于：每套绕组加热功率大小相等，不同绕组之间功率均衡，每套绕组在电机上均匀分布，热量分布均匀，不会出现某套绕组过热的情况，电机每套绕组寿命均衡，但是存在每套绕组中每相绕组电流大小不一致，每相绕组发热并不完全均衡和每相上下桥臂功率器件的IGBT(或者MOSFEET或者SiC或者其他半导体开关器件)和并联二极管的使用不均衡。 由于电机每次停在不同的位置，所以每次加热各相绕组电流大小不一致，绕组也是基本均衡使用的，绕组寿命均衡。此方法程序加热算法框架和驱动算法框架一致，算法结构简单。
设置
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000031
控制
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000032
始终在直轴上由正半轴到负半轴，在由负半轴到正半轴，做正负均匀变化或者做梯形波的正负等幅值的轮流变化或者控制
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000033
1≤n≤z，保证
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000034
的有效值为
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000035
以保持加热功率不变，同时使
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000036
按照一定频率正弦规律做变化，不同的
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000037
之间可以同相位角度的正弦变化或者不同相位角度的正弦变化。本实施方式技术效果在于：每套绕组加热功率大小相等，不同绕组之间功率均衡，每套绕组在电机上均匀分布，热量分布均匀，不会出现某套绕组过热的情况，并且由于电角度wt变化均衡，电流每个周期均匀出现，每相绕组电流虽然不完全一样，但是每相电流正弦变化的信号可以使每套绕组的每相绕组受热更均衡，每相上下桥臂功率器件的IGBT(或者mosfeet或者其他半导体开关器件)和并联二极管的使用均衡，具有每套绕组和功率器件均衡利用的优点。
另一种实施方式，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000038
不始终在直轴上，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000039
且(i d不始终为0)且
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000040
始终＝0。
方法A：电机的绕组单元t为偶数套，根据式1，由加热功率P计算出
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000042
控制n套绕组的
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000043
矢量的幅值为
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000044
控制n套绕组单元其中任意的n/2对绕组单元中的一个合成电流矢量
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000045
角度为angle，另一个合成电流矢量
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000046
的角度为-angle，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000047
和
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000048
大小相等方向相反，且
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000049
和
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000050
关于直轴对称(m≠k，见图11，例如：1≤m≤n/2，n/2+1≤k≤t)，保证所有合成电流矢量在交轴上的合成电流矢量和为0。
另一种实施方式，如图12所示，n/2对绕组单元中的一个合成电流矢量
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000051
角度为变化值，控制
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000052
与直轴的角度angle由0均匀增大到180再由180均匀减小到0或者由0均匀增大到360，在由0均匀增大到360连续均匀变化angle＝wt＝2πf 2t，f 2为合成电流矢量幅值变化频率。
本实施方式的技术效果为：①每套绕组中每相绕组电流正弦变化且幅值一致，频率为f 2，每套绕组发热一致，每相绕组发热一致，每相绕组发热完全均衡，电机绕组及各永磁体温度均匀。可以使上下桥臂功率器件(含二极管)通电流均衡，功率器件寿命均衡。
本专利技术可以使电机每相绕组都发热均匀，电机绕组及各永磁体温度均匀，可以避免部分低性能磁性材料的电机在电机绕组及各永磁体加热温度不均匀，导致电机的永磁体容易退磁的问题。比如压缩机的电机在低温环境下容易导致电机的抗退磁能力发生下降，特别是压缩机在低温环境下启动失败的时候，电机的永磁体存在很大的退磁风险。②调整频率f 2，利用电池不同频率下的阻抗不同，阻抗越大发热越大，增大电池的发热，根据电池不同的温度，选择合适的频率f 2，同时要兼顾便于系统调节和响应。
方法B：电机绕组套数z为奇数
控制第z套绕组
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000053
矢量的幅值为零，其余n-1套绕组按照偶数套绕组进行控制，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000054
与直轴的夹角angle任意选择，解算出
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000055
或者控制第z套绕组
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000056
矢量的在直轴上，其余n-1套绕组按照偶数套绕组进行控制，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000057
与直轴的夹角angle任意选择，解算出
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000058
本实施方式的技术效果为：通过第z套绕组
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000059
不控制加热，实现方式简单，第z套绕组
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000060
矢量的幅值控制成
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000061
或者将
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000062
矢量的幅值控制成叠加直流偏置的正弦的信号或者正弦的信号，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000063
其余按照偶数套绕组进行控制，能实现最大功率加热，每套绕组均匀分布，实现总的发热也均衡的。
下面通过具体的电路结构对本申请实施例的技术方案进行具体说明：
如图13和图14所示，当检测第一直流充放电口104连接第一直流供电设备，第二直流充放电口105连接第二直流供电设备，第一直流供电设备和第二直流供电设备同时对能量转换装置进行直流充电，同相控制可逆PWM整流器102工作，其实现过程如下：
控制开关K4、开关K5导通给电容C1进行预充，保持开关K1、开关K2、开关K3、开关K6、开关K7、开关K10、开关K11断开，预充完毕后控制开关K3导通后，控制开关K4断开，接收到电池101管理器发送的目标电压范围值后，控制开关K1和K2闭合，对电容C2和电容C3进行电压控制，达到设定电压后，控制开关K6、K7和K10、K11闭合，判断电容C2和电容C3上电压采样U在发送的目标值范围内时，控制第一直流供电设备和第二直流供电设备正式开始充电，否则断开所有开关，停止充电。
如图13所示，控制第二下桥臂VT2、第四下桥臂VT4、第六下桥臂VT6导通，第一上桥臂VT1、第三上桥臂VT3、第五上桥臂VT5关断，同时控制第七上桥臂VT7、第九上桥臂VT9、第十一上桥臂VT11导通，第八下桥臂VT8、第十下桥臂VT10、第十二下桥臂 VT12关断，第一直流供电设备、开关K6、开关K1、第一绕组单元131、可逆PWM整流器102(第七上桥二极管VD7、第九上桥二极管VD9、第十一上桥二极管VD11)、开关K3、动力电池101、开关K5、开关K7构成第一直流充电储能释放回路；同时第二直流供电设备、开关K10、开关K2、第二绕组单元132、可逆PWM整流器102(第二下桥臂VT2、第四下桥臂VT4、第六下桥臂VT6)、开关K11构成第二直流充电储能回路，能量转换装置根据外部控制信号使第一直流充电储能释放回路和第二直流充电储能回路同时工作。
如图14所示，控制第二下桥臂VT2、第四下桥臂VT4、第六下桥臂VT6关断，第一上桥臂VT1、第三上桥臂VT3、第五上桥臂VT5导通，同时控制第七上桥臂VT7、第九上桥臂VT9、第十一上桥臂VT11关断，第八下桥臂VT8、第十下桥臂VT10、第十二下桥臂VT12导通，第一直流供电设备、开关K6、开关K1、第一绕组单元131、可逆PWM整流器102(第八下桥臂VT8、第十下桥臂VT10、第十二下桥臂VT12)、开关K7构成第一直流充电储能回路，同时第二直流供电设备、开关K10、开关K2、第二绕组单元132、可逆PWM整流器102(第一上桥二极管VD1、第三上桥二极管VD3、第五上桥二极管VD5)、开关K3、电池101、开关K5、开关K11构成第二直流充电储能释放回路，能量转换装置根据外部控制信号使第二直流充电储能释放回路和第一直流充电储能回路同时工作。
能量转换装置根据外部控制信号控制第一直流充电储能回路和第一直流充电储能释放回路交替工作实现第一直流供电设备通过能量转换装置对电池进行充电，并根据外部控制信号控制第二直流充电储能回路和第二直流充电储能释放回路交替工作实现第二供电设备通过能量转换装置对电池进行充电，并且通过错相控制使第一直流充电储能释放回路和第二直流充电储能回路同时工作，使第二直流充电储能释放回路和第一直流充电储能回路同时工作，进而实现了第一直流供电设备和第二直流供电设备同时通过能量转换装置对动力电池101进行充电。
如图15和图16所示，第一直流充放电口104连接直流用电设备，第二直流充放电口105连接直流充电设备，动力电池101通过能量转换装置向直流用电设备放电，同时，直流充电设备通过能量转换装置向动力电池101充电，其实现过程如下：
如图15所示，控制第二下桥臂VT2、第四下桥臂VT4、第六下桥臂VT6导通，第一上桥臂VT1、第三上桥臂VT3、第五上桥臂VT5关断，同时控制第七上桥臂VT7、第九上桥臂VT9、第十一上桥臂VT11关断，第八下桥臂VT8、第十下桥臂VT10、第十二下桥臂VT12导通，第一绕组单元131、开关K1、开关K6、直流用电设备、开关K7、可逆PWM整流器102(第八下桥二极管VD8、第十下桥二极管VD10、第十二下桥二极管VD12)形成直流放电储能释放回路，同时直流充电设备、开关K10、开关K2、第二绕组单元132、可逆PWM整流器102(第二下桥臂VT2、第四下桥臂VT4、第六下桥臂VT6)、开关K11 形成直流充电储能回路，能量转换装置根据外部控制信号使直流放电储能释放回路和直流充电储能回路同时工作。
如图16所示，控制第二下桥臂VT2、第四下桥臂VT4、第六下桥臂VT6关断，第一上桥臂VT1、第三上桥臂VT3、第五上桥臂VT5导通，同时控制第七上桥臂VT7、第九上桥臂VT9、第十一上桥臂VT11导通，第八下桥臂VT8、第十下桥臂VT10、第十二下桥臂VT12关断，电容C1、可逆PWM整流器102(第七上桥臂VT7、第九上桥臂VT9、第十一上桥臂VT11)、第一绕组单元131、开关K1、开关K6、直流用电设备、开关K7形成直流放电储能回路，同时直流充电设备、开关K10、开关K2、第二绕组单元132、可逆PWM整流器102(第一上桥二极管VD1、第三上桥二极管VD3、第五上桥二极管VD5)、开关K3、动力电池101、开关K5、开关K11形成直流充电储能释放回路，能量转换装置根据外部控制信号使直流放电储能回路和直流充电储能释放回路工作。
能量转换装置根据外部控制信号控制直流充电储能回路和直流充电储能释放回路交替工作实现直流供电设备通过能量转换装置对电池进行充电，并根据外部控制信号控制直流放电储能回路和直流放电储能释放回路交替工作实现动力电池101通过能量转换装置对直流用电设备进行放电，并且通过错相控制使直流充电储能回路和直流放电储能释放回路同时工作，使直流充电储能释放回路和直流放电储能回路同时工作，进而实现了直流供电设备通过能量转换装置对动力电池101进行充电和动力电池101通过能量转换装置对直流用电设备进行放电的同时进行。
如图17和图18所示，动力电池101通过能量转换装置向第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132进行放电，其实现过程如下：
如图17所示，控制第一上桥臂VT1、第四下桥臂VT4、第六下桥臂VT6、第七上桥臂VT7、第十下桥臂VT10、第十二下桥臂VT12导通，控制第二下桥臂VT2、第三上桥臂VT3、第五上桥臂VT5、第八下桥臂VT8、第九上桥臂VT9、第十一上桥臂VT11关断，动力电池101、第一上桥臂VT1、第二绕组单元132(线圈A1和线圈A2)、第二绕组单元132(线圈B1、线圈C1线圈B2和线圈C2)、第四下桥臂VT4和第六下桥臂VT6形成第一加热储能回路，动力电池101、第七上桥臂VT7、第一绕组单元131(线圈U1、线圈U2)、第一绕组单元131(线圈V1、线圈W1、线圈V2和线圈W2)、第十下桥臂VT10和第十二下桥臂VT12形成第二加热储能回路。
如图18所示，控制可逆PWM整流器102中的桥臂关断，第一绕组单元131(线圈A1和线圈A2)、第一绕组单元131(线圈B1、线圈C1、线圈B2和线圈C2)、第三上桥二极管VD3和第五上桥二极管VD5、动力电池101、第二下桥二极管VD2形成第一加热储能续流回路，第一绕组单元131(线圈V1、线圈W1、线圈V2和线圈W2)、第一绕组单元 131(线圈U1、线圈U2)、第九上桥二极管VD9和第十一上桥二极管VD11、动力电池101、第八下桥二极管VD8形成第二加热储能续流回路，能量转换装置根据外部控制信号使第一加热储能续流回路和第二加热储能续流回路同时工作。
控制器获取目标加热功率，根据以下公式获得每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量：
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000064
其中，P为目标加热功率，R s为工作于加热电路的绕组单元的各相绕组的相电阻，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000065
为第1套绕组单元在同步旋转坐标系上的直轴电流和交轴电流的合成电流矢量，
Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-000066
为第2套绕组单元在同步旋转坐标系上的直轴电流和交轴电流的合成电流矢量。。
根据目标加热功率和上述公式获得每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量的幅值，根据每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量的幅值和电角度获取每套绕组单元分别在同步旋转坐标系上的直轴和交轴上的目标直轴电流和目标交轴电流，再根据每套绕组单元的采样电流值和转子电角度获取每套绕组单元的实际交轴电流和实际直轴电流；再将每套套组单元的实际交轴电流和目标交轴电流进行差值运算后再经过PID(比例积分微分)运算后得到第一目标电压差值，以及将每套套组单元的实际直轴电流和目标直轴电流进行差值运算后再经过PID(比例积分微分)运算后得到第二目标电压差值，再将第一目标电压差值和第二目标电压差值通过反Park变换并传输至空间矢量脉宽调制算法(SVPWM)得到与第1套绕组单元连接的可逆PWM整流器102中的第一组三相桥臂的占空比，以及得到与第2套绕组单元连接的可逆PWM整流器102中的第二组三相桥臂的占空比。
控制器根据第一组三相桥臂的占空比和第二组三相桥臂的占空比控制第一加热储能回路和第一加热储能续流回路交替工作实现动力电池101通过能量转换装置对第一绕组单元131进行输出电流，并根据第一组三相桥臂的占空比和第二组三相桥臂的占空比控制第二加热储能回路和第二加热储能续流回路交替工作实现动力电池101通过能量转换装置对第二绕组单元132进行输出电流。
如图19和图20所示，动力电池101通过能量转换装置向第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132进行放电，其实现过程如下：
如图19所示，控制第一上桥臂VT1、第四下桥臂VT4、第六下桥臂VT6、第八下桥臂VT8、第九上桥臂VT9、第十一上桥臂VT11导通，控制第二下桥臂VT2、第三上桥臂VT3、第五上桥臂VT5、第七上桥臂VT7、第十下桥臂VT10、第十二下桥臂VT12关断，动力电池101、第一上桥臂VT1、第二绕组单元132(线圈A1和线圈A2)、第二绕组单元132(线圈B1、线圈C1线圈B2和线圈C2)、第四下桥臂VT4和第六下桥臂VT6形成第一加热储能回路，动力电池101、第九上桥臂VT9和第十一上桥臂VT11、第一绕组单元131(线圈 V1、线圈W1、线圈V2和线圈W2)、第一绕组单元131(线圈U1、线圈U2)、第八下桥臂VT8形成第二加热储能回路。
如图20所示，控制可逆PWM整流器102中的桥臂关断，第一绕组单元131(线圈A1和线圈A2)、第一绕组单元131(线圈B1、线圈C1线圈B2和线圈C2)、第三上桥二极管VD3和第五上桥二极管VD5、动力电池101、第二下桥二极管VD2形成第一加热储能续流回路，第一绕组单元131(线圈V1、线圈W1、线圈V2和线圈W2)、第一绕组单元131(线圈U1、线圈U2)、第七上桥二极管VD7、动力电池101、第十下桥二极管VD10和第十二下桥二极管VD12形成第二加热储能续流回路，能量转换装置根据外部控制信号使第一加热储能续流回路和第二加热储能续流回路同时工作。
能量转换装置根据外部控制信号控制第一加热储能回路和第一加热储能续流回路交替工作实现动力电池101通过能量转换装置对第一绕组单元131进行输出电流，并根据外部控制信号控制第二加热储能回路和第二加热储能续流回路交替工作实现动力电池101通过能量转换装置对第二绕组单元132进行输出电流。
如图21和图22所示，动力电池101通过能量转换装置向第一绕组单元131和第二绕组单元132进行放电，其实现过程如下：
如图21所示，控制第一上桥臂VT1、第四下桥臂VT4、第六下桥臂VT6、第八下桥臂VT8、第九上桥臂VT9、第十一上桥臂VT11导通，控制第二下桥臂VT2、第三上桥臂VT3、第五上桥臂VT5、第七上桥臂VT7、第十下桥臂VT10、第十二下桥臂VT12关断，动力电池101、第一上桥臂VT1、第二绕组单元132(线圈A1和线圈A2)、第二绕组单元132(线圈B1、线圈C1线圈B2和线圈C2)、第四下桥臂VT4和第六下桥臂VT6形成第一加热储能回路，动力电池101、第九上桥臂VT9和第十一上桥臂VT11、第一绕组单元131(线圈V1、线圈W1、线圈V2和线圈W2)、第一绕组单元131(线圈U1、线圈U2)、第八下桥臂VT8形成第二加热储能回路，能量转换装置根据外部控制信号使第一加热储能回路和第二加热储能回路同时工作，第二直流充放电口105、第二绕组单元132(线圈B1、线圈C1、线圈B2和线圈C2)、第四下桥臂VT4和第六下桥臂VT6形成第一直流充电储能回路。
如图22所示，控制可逆PWM整流器102中的桥臂关断，第二绕组单元132(线圈A1和线圈A2)、第二绕组单元132(线圈B1、线圈C1线圈B2和线圈C2)、第三上桥二极管VD3和第五上桥二极管VD5、动力电池101、第二下桥二极管VD2形成第一加热储能续流回路，第一绕组单元131(线圈V1、线圈W1、线圈V2和线圈W2)、第一绕组单元131(线圈U1、线圈U2)、第七上桥二极管VD7、动力电池101、第十下桥二极管VD10和第十二下桥二极管VD12形成第二加热储能续流回路，第二直流充放电口105、第二绕组单元132(线圈B1、线圈C1、线圈B2和线圈C2)、第三上桥二极管VD3和第五上桥二极管 VD5、动力电池101形成第一直流充电储能续流回路。
能量转换装置根据外部控制信号控制第一加热储能回路和第一加热储能续流回路交替工作实现动力电池通过能量转换装置对第一绕组单元131进行输出电流，并根据外部控制信号控制第二加热储能回路和第二加热储能续流回路交替工作实现动力电池通过能量转换装置对第二绕组单元132进行输出电流，并根据外部控制信号控制第一直流充电储能回路和第二直流充电储能续流回路交替工作实现直流供电设备通过能量转换装置对动力电池进行充电。
本申请实施例二提供一种车辆，电动汽车还包括上述实施例一提供的能量转换装置。
如图23所示，电池包的加热和冷却回路包含以下回路：电机驱动系统冷却回路、电池冷却系统回路、空调系统的冷却回路。电池冷却系统回路通过换热板和空调冷却系统融合；电池冷却系统回路通过四通阀和电机驱动系统冷却回路贯通。电机驱动系统冷却回路通过三通阀的切换将散热器连接和断开。电机驱动系统冷却回路与电池冷却系统回路通过阀体切换，改变管道中冷却液流向，使电机驱动系统加热后的冷却液的流向电池冷却系统，完成热量从电机驱动系统到电池冷却的传递；电机驱动系统处于非加热模式，通过三通阀和四通阀切换，电机驱动系统冷却液走A回路，电池冷却系统的冷却液走C回路；电机处于加热模式，通过三通阀和四通阀切换，电机驱动系统冷却液走B回路，实现电机驱动系统加热后的冷却液流向电池包冷却回路来给电池加热。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种能量转换装置，其特征在于，包括可逆PWM整流器和电机线圈，所述电机线圈包括L套绕组单元，每套绕组与所述可逆PWM整流器连接，其中，L≥2，且为正整数；
    外部的电源、所述可逆PWM整流器以及所述电机线圈中的绕组单元形成至少两套待加热设备的加热电路；
    所述能量转换装置根据控制信号控制所述可逆PWM整流器，使所述外部的电源输出的电流流经所述电机线圈中的至少两套绕组单元以产生热量，并使所述至少两套绕组单元在基于电机转子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系中的合成电流矢量在交轴上的矢量和为零。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，当所述L套绕组单元中的L1套绕组单元工作于加热电路中时，所述L1套绕组单元对应L1个合成电流矢量，并形成
    Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-100001
    对合成电流矢量，每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，每一对合成电流矢量相对于所述同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称，其中，L≥L1≥2，且L1为偶数。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，当所述L套绕组单元中的L1套绕组单元工作于加热电路中时，所述L1套绕组单元对应L1个合成电流矢量，并形成
    Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-100002
    对合成电流矢量，每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，至少一对合成电流矢量相对于所述同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称，并且至少一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量之间的电角度相差180°，其中，L≥L1≥2，且L1为偶数。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，当所述L套绕组单元中的L2套绕组单元工作于加热电路中时，所述L2套绕组单元对应L2个合成电流矢量，并形成
    Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-100003
    对合成电流矢量和第一合成电流矢量，每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，每一对合成电流矢量相对于所述同步旋转坐标系中的直轴对称，所述第一合成电流矢量位于所述同步旋转坐标系中的直轴上，其中，L≥L2≥3，L2为奇数。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，当所述L套绕组单元中的L3套绕组单元工作于加热电路中时，所述L3套绕组单元对应L3个合成电流矢量，并形成
    Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-100004
    对合成电流矢量和第二合成电流矢量，每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量的幅值相等，且每一对合成电流矢量中的两个合成电流矢量之间的角度相差180°，所述第二合成电流矢量位于所述同步旋转坐标系中的直轴上，其中，L≥L3≥3，L3为奇数。
  6. 如权利要求2至5任意一项所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，所述L套绕组单元中 每套绕组单元的合成电流矢量相对于所述同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为固定值。
  7. 如权利要求2至4任意一项所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，所述L套绕组单元中至少一对绕组单元的合成电流矢量相对于所述同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为变化值，一对合成电流矢量中一个合成电流矢量相对于所述同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为θ L/2-1＝2πf 1t+θ L/2-0，另一个合成电流矢量相对于所述同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为θ L/2-2＝-θ L/2-1，其中，f 1为合成电流矢量相对于所述同步旋转坐标系的直轴的角度的变化频率，θ L/2-0为该对合成电流矢量中的一个相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度的初始角度，t为时间。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，所述L套绕组单元中至少一对绕组单元的合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为变化值，一对合成电流矢量中一个合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为θ L/2-1＝2πf 1t+θ L/2-0，另一个合成电流矢量相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度为θ L/2-2＝2πf 1t+180+θ L/2-0，其中，f 1为合成电流矢量相对于所述同步旋转坐标系的直轴的角度的变化频率，θ L/2-0为该对合成电流矢量中的一个相对于同步旋转坐标系中的直轴的角度的初始角度，t为时间。
  9. 如权利要求2至5任意一项所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，至少一对合成电流矢量的幅值相等且为变化值，该对合成电流矢量相对于所述同步旋转坐标系的直轴的角度为固定值；
    所述至少一对合成电流矢量的幅值大小为
    Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-100005
    其中，f 2为合成电流矢量幅值变化频率，
    Figure PCTCN2020109885-appb-100006
    为合成电流矢量的幅值。
  10. 如权利要求1-9任一项所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，所述能量转换装置包括控制器，所述控制器连接所述可逆PWM整流器，所述控制器用于：
    根据外部控制信号获取所述电机线圈需要产生的目标加热功率；
    根据所述目标加热功率获得每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量；
    根据所述目标合成电流矢量获取每套绕组单元分别在所述同步旋转坐标系上的直轴和交轴上的目标直轴电流和目标交轴电流；
    根据所述每套绕组单元的采样电流值获取每套绕组单元分别在所述同步旋转坐标系上的直轴和交轴上的实际直轴电流和实际交轴电流，并根据所述目标交轴电流、所述目标直轴电流、所述实际交轴电流、所述实际直轴电流获取每套绕组单元连接的所述可逆PWM整流器的每相桥臂的占空比。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，所述外部的电源为动力电池，所 述动力电池、所述可逆PWM整流器以及所述电机线圈中的绕组单元形成至少两套加热电路；
    所述可逆PWM整流器包括一组M 1路桥臂，所述M 1路桥臂形成第一汇流端和第二汇流端，所述动力电池的正极端和负极端分别连接所述第一汇流端和所述第二汇流端，所述电机线圈包括第一绕组单元和第二绕组单元；
    所述第一绕组单元包括一套m 1相绕组，所述m 1相绕组中的每一相绕组包括n 1个线圈支路，每一相绕组的n 1个线圈支路共接形成一个相端点，所述m 1相绕组的相端点与所述M 1路桥臂中的m 1路桥臂的每路桥臂的中点一一对应连接，所述m 1相绕组中的每一相绕组的n 1个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路还分别与其他相绕组中的n 1个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路连接，以形成n 1个连接点，其中，m 1≥2，n 1≥1且n 1，m 1均为整数；
    所述第二绕组单元包括一套m 2相绕组，所述m 2相绕组中的每一相绕组包括n 2个线圈支路，每一相绕组的n 2个线圈支路共接形成一个相端点，所述m 2相绕组的相端点与所述M 1路桥臂中m 2路桥臂的每路桥臂的中点一一对应连接，所述m 2相绕组中的每一相绕组的n 2个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路还分别与其他相绕组中的n 2个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路连接，以形成n 2个连接点，其中，m 2≥2，M 1≥m 1+m 2，n 2≥1且n 2，m 1，M 1均为整数；
    所述动力电池、所述可逆PWM整流器以及所述第一绕组单元形成第一加热电路，所述动力电池、所述可逆PWM整流器以及所述第二绕组单元形成第二加热电路。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，外部的直流充放电口、所述电机线圈中的绕组单元以及所述可逆PWM整流器形成至少两套加热电路，其中，外部的直流充放电口连接所述电机线圈引出的至少一条中性线；
    所述外部的电源为直流供电设备，所述直流供电设备连接所述外部的直流充放电口；
    所述可逆PWM整流器包括一组M 1路桥臂，所述电机线圈包括第一绕组单元和第二绕组单元；
    所述第一绕组单元包括一套m 1相绕组，所述m 1相绕组中的每一相绕组包括n 1个线圈支路，每一相绕组的n 1个线圈支路共接形成一个相端点，所述m 1相绕组的相端点与所述M 1路桥臂中的m 1路桥臂的每路桥臂的中点一一对应连接，所述m 1相绕组中的每一相绕组的n 1个 线圈支路中的一个线圈支路还分别与其他相绕组中的n 1个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路连接，以形成n 1个连接点，所述n 1个连接点形成T 1个中性点，从所述T 1个中性点引出J 1条中性线；其中，n 1≥T 1≥1，T 1≥J 1≥1，m 1≥2且n 1，m 1，T 1，J 1均为正整数；
    所述第二绕组单元包括一套m 2相绕组，所述m 2相绕组中的每一相绕组包括n 2个线圈支路，每一相绕组的n 2个线圈支路共接形成一个相端点，所述m 2相绕组的相端点与所述M 1路桥臂中m 2路桥臂的每路桥臂的中点一一对应连接，所述m 2相绕组中的每一相绕组的n 2个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路还分别与其他相绕组中的n 2个线圈支路中的一个线圈支路连接，以形成n 2个连接点，所述n 2个连接点形成T 2个中性点，从所述T 2个中性点引出J 2条中性线，其中，n 2≥T 2≥1，T 2≥J 2≥1，m 2≥2，M≥m1+m2且n 2，m 2，T 2，J 2均为正整数；
    所述直流供电设备、所述第一绕组单元以及所述可逆PWM整流器形成第三加热电路，所述直流供电设备、所述第二绕组单元以及所述可逆PWM整流器形成第四加热电路。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，所述外部的电源为动力电池和直流供电设备，所述动力电池连接所述可逆PWM整流器，外部的直流充放电口连接所述电机线圈引出的至少一条中性线，所述直流供电设备连接外部的直流充放电口；
    所述动力电池、所述可逆PWM整流器以及所述电机线圈中的绕组单元形成至少两套加热电路，所述直流供电设备、所述电机线圈、所述可逆PWM整流器、所述动力电池形成充电电路；
    或者，所述外部的电源为动力电池，所述动力电池连接所述可逆PWM整流器，外部的直流充放电口连接所述电机线圈引出的至少一条中性线，所述外部的直流充放电口连接直流用电设备；
    所述动力电池、所述可逆PWM整流器以及所述电机线圈中的绕组单元形成至少两套加热电路，所述动力电池、所述可逆PWM整流器、所述电机线圈、所述直流用电设备形成放电电路；
    所述控制器还用于：
    获取所述电机线圈需要产生的目标加热功率和所述动力电池的目标充电功率或者目标放电功率；
    根据所述目标充电功率或者目标放电功率获取每套绕组单元的目标充电电流或者目标放电电流，根据所述目标充电电流或者目标放电电流获取每套绕组单元产生的第一加热功率；
    根据所述目标加热功率和每套绕组单元产生的第一加热功率获取每套绕组单元产生的第二加热功率；
    根据所述第二加热功率获得每套绕组单元的目标合成电流矢量，根据所述目标合成电流矢量获取每套绕组单元分别在所述同步旋转坐标系上的直轴和交轴上的目标直轴电流和目标交轴电流；
    根据所述每套绕组单元的采样电流值获取每套绕组单元分别在所述同步旋转坐标系上的直轴和交轴上的实际直轴电流、实际交轴电流和零轴电流，并根据所述目标交轴电流、所述目标直轴电流、所述实际交轴电流、所述实际直轴电流进行闭环控制获取每套绕组单元连接的所述可逆PWM整流器的每相桥臂的第一占空比；
    根据所述目标充电电流或者所述目标放电电流和所述零轴电流进行闭环控制获取每套绕组单元连接的所述可逆PWM整流器的桥臂的占空比调节值；
    根据所述第一占空比和所述占空比调节值获取每套绕组单元连接的所述可逆PWM整流器的每相桥臂的占空比。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，还包括母线电容，所述母线电容、所述可逆PWM整流器以及所述第一绕组单元形成第五加热电路，所述母线电容、所述可逆PWM整流器以及所述第二绕组单元形成第六加热电路，外部的直流充放电口通过能量转换装置与所述动力电池形成充电电路或者放电电路。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，外部的第一直流充放电口通过能量转换装置与所述动力电池形成第一充电电路或者第一放电电路，外部的第二直流充放电口通过能量转换装置与所述动力电池形成第二充电电路或者第二放电电路，其中，所述可逆PWM整流器还包括第一汇流端和第二汇流端，外部的第一直流充放电口的第一端连接所述电机线圈的第一绕组单元的第一中性线，外部的第二直流充放电口的第一端连接所述电机线圈的第二绕组单元的第二中性线，外部的第一直流充放电口的第二端和外部的第二直流充放电口的第二端连接所述第二汇流端，所述动力电池的正极端连接所述第一汇流端，所述动力电池的负极端连接所述第二汇流端。
  16. 如权利要求12所述的能量转换装置，其特征在于，还包括外部的第三直流充放电口，外部的第三直流充放电口、所述可逆PWM整流器以及所述电机线圈中的绕组单元形成至少两套加热电路，其中，外部的第三直流充放电口连接所述可逆PWM整流器的两端。
  17. 一种车辆，其特征在于，所述车辆还包括权利要求1至16任一项所述的能量转换装置。
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