WO2021056862A1 - 声学装置及电子设备 - Google Patents

声学装置及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021056862A1
WO2021056862A1 PCT/CN2019/126125 CN2019126125W WO2021056862A1 WO 2021056862 A1 WO2021056862 A1 WO 2021056862A1 CN 2019126125 W CN2019126125 W CN 2019126125W WO 2021056862 A1 WO2021056862 A1 WO 2021056862A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
housing
air
acoustic device
cavity
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/126125
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑泽东
徐同雁
张洪鹏
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歌尔股份有限公司
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Application filed by 歌尔股份有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔股份有限公司
Publication of WO2021056862A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021056862A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of acoustics, and more specifically, to an acoustic device and an electronic device equipped with the acoustic device.
  • an acoustic system with a traditional structure includes a closed box and a sound unit arranged on the closed box.
  • a cavity is formed between the closed box and the sound unit. Due to the volume limitation of the cavity in the acoustic system, the acoustic system In particular, it is difficult for a small acoustic system to reproduce bass satisfactorily.
  • two methods are usually used. One is to install sound-absorbing materials (such as activated carbon, zeolite, etc.) in the cabinet of the acoustic system for adsorption or desorption. The gas in the body has the effect of increasing the volume and reducing the low-frequency resonance frequency.
  • the other is to install a passive radiator on the box of the acoustic system.
  • the sound unit and the passive radiator radiate sound to the outside at the same time, using the passive radiator and the box.
  • the principle that the body forms a strong resonance at a specific frequency point fp (resonance frequency point), which connects and superimposes the sound waves of the sound unit and the passive radiator to enhance the local sensitivity near the resonance frequency point fp for example, see patent CN1939086A).
  • the passive radiator can achieve the local sensitivity enhancement of the acoustic system in the frequency band near fp; but in the frequency band below fp, the passive radiator Contrary to the phase of the sound waves of the sound unit, the sound waves cancel each other out, and the passive radiator has a negative effect on the sensitivity of the acoustic system.
  • the passive radiator can only improve the sensitivity of the frequency band near the resonance point, and cannot improve all the low frequency bands. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the defects of the existing technology.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new cavity structure that combines sound-absorbing materials placed in a closed cavity to increase the equivalent volume of the back cavity, reduce the resonance frequency, and significantly improve the overall low-frequency sensitivity of the acoustic device.
  • an acoustic device provided by the present invention includes:
  • a sound generating unit includes a vibrating diaphragm, and a sound outlet is provided on the acoustic device, and the sound wave on the front side of the vibrating diaphragm is radiated to the outside through the sound outlet;
  • the first housing, the first housing and the vibrating diaphragm are enclosed to form a first closed cavity, the first housing is provided with a mounting hole, and the mounting hole is provided with a cover covering the mounting hole
  • the flexible deformable part is provided with a second hermetic cavity outside the first hermetic cavity, the flexible deformable part is located between the first hermetic cavity and the second hermetic cavity, and the second hermetic cavity
  • the sound waves generated by the flexible deformable portion during deformation are enclosed in the second sealed cavity;
  • the mounting hole is provided with a first air-permeable spacer covering the mounting hole, the first air-permeable spacer is located in the first closed cavity, and the distance between the first air-permeable spacer and the flexible deformable part Is configured such that the flexible deformable portion will not collide with the first air-permeable spacer when deformed, a second air-permeable spacer is provided in the first airtight cavity, and the first airtight cavity is filled with a sound-absorbing material
  • the first air-permeable spacer is used to isolate the sound-absorbing material from the flexible deformable part, and the second air-permeable spacer is used to prevent the sound-absorbing material from entering the sound unit.
  • the sound-absorbing material is made of activated carbon, zeolite, silicon dioxide (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), magnesium oxide (MgO), ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4), molecular sieve, ball Any one or more of shell-shaped carbon molecules, carbon nanotubes, and sound-absorbing cotton.
  • all or a partial area of the flexible deformable part is made of at least TPU, TPEE, LCP, PAR, PC, PA, PPA, PEEK, PEI, PEN, PES, PET, PI, PPS, PPSU, PSU, rubber or At least one of silica gel.
  • the sound-absorbing material forms a plurality of sound-absorbing particles through an adhesive.
  • the edge of the first air-permeable spacer and the first housing are combined into one body by adhesive; or,
  • the edge of the first air-permeable spacer is integrated with the first housing by injection molding; or,
  • the edge of the first air-permeable spacer is integrated with the first shell by heat melting.
  • the first air-permeable spacer and/or the second air-permeable spacer are mesh cloth, metal mesh or air-permeable film.
  • the sound unit includes a pressure relief hole, and the pressure relief hole is covered with the second air-permeable spacer.
  • the pressure relief hole is located on the side wall of the sound unit.
  • the second air-permeable spacer is combined with the side wall by injection molding.
  • the second air-permeable spacer is fixed to the first housing.
  • the present invention provides an electronic device that includes a housing and the above-mentioned acoustic device, at least a part of the housing is used to form the first airtight cavity and/or the second airtight Cavity.
  • a part of the housing and the first housing encloses to form the second sealed cavity.
  • the technical effect of the present invention is at least that, in the acoustic device of the present invention, the first housing and the vibrating diaphragm are enclosed to form a first closed cavity, the first housing is provided with a mounting hole, and the mounting hole is provided with a flexible deformable part, By providing the flexible deformation part, the flexible deformation part deforms with the sound, so that the volume of the first closed cavity can be adjusted, thereby increasing the equivalent acoustic compliance of the first closed cavity, effectively reducing the resonance frequency of the acoustic device, improving low-frequency sensitivity, and ,
  • the installation hole is covered with a first air-permeable spacer, the first air-permeable spacer is located in the first closed cavity, the second air-permeable spacer is provided in the first closed cavity, and the first closed cavity is filled with sound-absorbing material to further improve sound absorption
  • the material filling space expands the equivalent volume of the closed cavity, so that the sound compliance is further optimized and improved.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of the acoustic device in the first embodiment of the present invention with the second shell removed;
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the acoustic device of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a structural diagram of a sounding unit in the first embodiment of the acoustic device of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the acoustic device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of the acoustic device of the present invention, with the second housing removed;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment of the acoustic device of the present invention with the second housing removed;
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment of the acoustic device of the present invention except for the second housing.
  • 10 is a sound unit
  • 101 is a pressure relief hole
  • 11 is a first shell
  • 111 is an upper shell
  • 112 is a lower shell
  • 12 is a second shell
  • 13 is a flexible deformation part
  • 14 is a protective device
  • 141 is a vent hole 142 is the fixed part
  • 143 is the side part
  • 144 is the bottom part
  • 15 is the first air-permeable partition
  • 16 is the first airtight cavity
  • 17 is the second airtight cavity
  • 18 is the pressure equalizing hole
  • 19 is the mounting groove
  • 20 is For the sound outlet
  • 21 is a hot melt rib
  • 22 is a mounting hole
  • 23 is a second air-permeable spacer.
  • the present invention provides an acoustic device for sound generation on electronic equipment.
  • the acoustic device includes a sound emitting unit 10, wherein the sound emitting unit 10 is a miniature sound emitting unit 10, more specifically, the sound emitting unit 10 is a miniature moving coil speaker.
  • the sound unit 10 generally includes a housing and a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system accommodating and fixed in the housing.
  • the vibration system includes a vibration diaphragm fixed on the housing and a voice coil combined with the vibration diaphragm.
  • the magnetic circuit system forms There is a magnetic gap, the voice coil is arranged in the magnetic gap, and the voice coil reciprocates up and down in the magnetic field after the alternating current is applied, thereby driving the vibrating diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the acoustic device is provided with a sound outlet 20, the sound wave on the front side of the vibrating diaphragm is radiated to the outside through the sound outlet 20, and the sound wave on the back side of the vibrating diaphragm is left inside the acoustic device.
  • a cavity is formed between the vibrating diaphragm, the housing of the sounding unit 10 and the magnetic circuit system.
  • a pressure relief hole 101 is opened on the housing of the sounding unit 10 or on the magnetic circuit system or between the two.
  • the rear side of the vibrating diaphragm The sound waves of the sound will enter the interior of the acoustic device through the pressure relief hole 101.
  • the vibration direction of the vibrating diaphragm of the sound generating unit 10 is parallel to the thickness direction of the acoustic device, which is beneficial to the thin design of the acoustic device.
  • the acoustic device includes a first housing 11 and a second housing 12.
  • the first housing 11 and the vibrating diaphragm form a first sealed cavity 16, and the outer side of the first sealed cavity 16 is provided There is a second airtight cavity 17.
  • the second airtight cavity 17 is formed by enclosing the second housing 12 and the first housing 11, the first airtight cavity 16 is adjacent to the vibrating diaphragm, and the second airtight cavity 17 is away from the vibrating diaphragm.
  • first The housing 11 is provided with a mounting hole 22, and the mounting hole 22 is provided with a flexible deformable portion 13 covering the mounting hole 22, wherein the flexible deformable portion 13 is at least partially deformed, and the flexible deformable portion 13 is located in the first closed cavity 16 and the second closed cavity 16 and the second closed cavity. Between the airtight cavity 17.
  • the vibrating diaphragm vibrates, the internal sound pressure of the first airtight cavity 16 changes, and the flexible deformable portion 13 on the first housing 11 deforms as the sound pressure changes in the first airtight cavity 16, so that the first airtight cavity 16 is a flexible cavity with a variable volume.
  • the mounting hole 22 is provided with a first air-permeable spacer 15 covering the mounting hole 22, and the first air-permeable spacer 15 is located in the first closed cavity 16, and the first air-permeable spacer
  • the distance between 15 and the flexible deformation portion 13 is configured such that the flexible deformation portion 13 will not collide with the first air-permeable spacer 15 during deformation, so as not to affect the normal vibration of the flexible deformation portion 13.
  • the first airtight cavity 16 is provided with a second air-permeable spacer 23, the first airtight cavity 16 is filled with sound-absorbing material (not shown), and the first air-permeable spacer 15 is used to isolate the sound-absorbing material from the flexible
  • the deformed portion 13 and the second air-permeable partition 23 are used to prevent the sound-absorbing material from entering the inner space of the sound unit 10. In this way, the space for filling the sound-absorbing material is larger, the equivalent volume of the closed cavity is enlarged, and the sound compliance effect is improved.
  • the sound-absorbing material is sound-absorbing particles bonded by an adhesive.
  • a side of the flexible deformed portion 13 located in the second sealed cavity 17 is covered with a protective device 14 to protect the flexible deformed portion 13 from damage.
  • the protective device 14 is provided with ventilation holes 141 for equalizing the air pressure on both sides of the protective device 14.
  • the protective device 14 is a steel mesh. Based on the steel mesh design, the overall thickness can be reduced, which is beneficial to reducing the thickness of the acoustic device. The following takes the steel mesh as an example for description.
  • the first housing 11 corresponding to the flexible deformable portion 13 is recessed toward the first sealed cavity 16 to form a mounting groove 19, and the first housing 11 includes an upper housing 111 and a lower housing. 112.
  • the upper shell 111, the lower shell 112, and the sound generating unit 10 enclose the first sealed cavity 16.
  • the upper shell 111 corresponding to the flexible deformable portion 13 is recessed in the direction of the first sealed cavity 16 to form a mounting groove 19, the groove of the mounting groove 19
  • a flexible deformable portion 13 is provided at the bottom.
  • the protective device 14 does not exceed the plane where the notch of the installation slot 19 is located. In this way, the contact probability of the external component to the flexible deformable portion 13 is greatly reduced, and at the same time, scratching is prevented.
  • the steel mesh includes a fixed portion 142, a bottom portion 144 and a side portion 143.
  • the side portion 143 is provided on the periphery of the bottom portion 144.
  • One end of the side portion 143 in the axial direction is combined and fixed with the bottom portion 144.
  • the fixed portion 142 is provided on the side.
  • the outer periphery of the other end of the part 143 in the axial direction, the bottom part 144 and the side part 143 form a cover corresponding to the flexible deformable part 13 and are mounted on the first housing 11 through the fixing part 142.
  • the steel mesh can be generally regarded as a basin.
  • the fixed portion 142 is the "bowl edge”
  • the bottom 144 is the “bowl bottom”
  • the side portion 143 is the "bowl wall”.
  • the side portion 143 and the bottom portion 144 may constitute a part of the vibration space of the flexible deformation portion 13.
  • the distance between the bottom 144 and the flexible deformation portion 13 is set so that the flexible deformation portion 13 will not collide with the steel mesh during deformation.
  • the stencil is provided with ventilation holes 141 to equalize the sound pressure on both sides of the stencil.
  • the steel mesh can prevent external objects from damaging and damaging the flexible deformed part 13. At the same time, when the flexible deformed part 13 is deformed by vibration, the steel mesh will dampen the deformation of the flexible deformed part 13 to a certain extent, so that the flexible deformed part 13 will deform with sound pressure.
  • the interference to the entire acoustic device can be reduced, and even the interference to the entire acoustic device application electronic equipment can be reduced.
  • the steel mesh is arranged on the side of the flexible deformable part 13 located in the second sealed cavity 17. There is a certain distance between the bottom 144 of the steel mesh and the flexible deformable part 13 so as to ensure the deformation space of the flexible deformable part 13 and the flexible deformable part 13 13 Play a protective and dustproof effect, as well as a certain damping effect.
  • the first air-permeable spacer 15 is two pieces, and both sides of the flexible deformable portion 13 corresponding to the first airtight cavity 16 and the second airtight cavity 17 are covered with first air-permeable spacers 15 to isolate and absorb sound.
  • the material and the flexible deformable portion 13, the first airtight cavity 16 is provided with a second air-permeable spacer 23 to prevent the sound absorbing material from entering the sound unit 10, and the first airtight cavity 16 is filled with sound absorbing particles.
  • a sound-absorbing material is also provided in the second sealed cavity 17 to further increase the equivalent volume of the sealed cavity.
  • the first air-permeable spacer 15 and/or the second air-permeable spacer 23 may be composed of a separate air-permeable mesh.
  • the first gas-permeable spacer 15 and/or the second gas-permeable spacer 23 can be made of metal mesh, which can enhance the strength and durability of the first gas-permeable spacer 15 and/or the second gas-permeable spacer 23. It can also be a mesh cloth or a breathable film, and the present invention does not limit the materials of the first breathable spacer 15 and the second breathable spacer 23.
  • the first air-permeable isolator 15 may also be a set of isolating components, including a frame injection molded on the first housing 11, on which the air-permeable mesh fabric described above is combined by adhesive glue or integral injection molding.
  • the first air-permeable spacer 15 may also be a rigid partition, and a plurality of air-permeable holes 141 may be provided on the partition. It is understandable that in order to prevent the sound-absorbing material from contacting the flexible deformable part 13 and the sound unit 10 The pore size of the vent hole 141 on the partition should be smaller than the minimum particle size of the sound-absorbing material.
  • the first air-permeable spacer 15 is fixed to the upper shell 111 by gluing, or, as shown in Fig. 6, the first air-permeable spacer 15 is fixed to the upper shell 111 by injection molding, or, as shown in Fig. 7 As shown, the first air-permeable spacer 15 is fixed to the upper shell 111 by hot melt, wherein the upper shell 111 is provided with hot-melt ribs 21, and the first air-permeable spacer 15 and the upper shell 111 are heated by heating the hot-melt ribs 21 fixed.
  • the above-mentioned gluing method, injection molding method and hot melt method can all make the first air-permeable spacer 15 and the first housing 11 be combined together well, so that the first air-permeable spacer 15 is not easy to loosen or fall off. Especially when the sound-absorbing material is filled, the first air-permeable spacer 15 is firmly fixed, which facilitates the filling of the sound-absorbing material.
  • Sound-absorbing materials can be made of activated carbon, zeolite, silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), magnesium oxide (MgO), ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4), molecular sieve, spherical shell carbon molecules and carbon Any one or more of nanotubes and sound-absorbing cotton.
  • the volume of the second airtight cavity 17 in the present invention is greater than the volume of the first airtight cavity 16.
  • the vibrating diaphragm vibrates, the internal sound pressure of the first airtight cavity 16 changes, and the flexible deformable portion 13 deforms as the sound pressure changes in the first airtight cavity 16, and the volume of the first airtight cavity 16 is measured.
  • Flexible adjustment; the second airtight cavity 17 encloses the sound waves generated by the flexible deformation portion 13 during deformation in the second airtight cavity 17.
  • the body of the sound unit 10 includes a pressure relief hole 101, and the second air-permeable spacer 23 covers the pressure relief hole 101. More specifically, the pressure relief hole 101 is provided on the side wall of the sound unit 10. In this way, the material area of the second air-permeable spacer 23 is small, which can further save costs.
  • the second air-permeable spacer 23 is combined on the side wall of the sound unit 10 by injection molding. In this way, the space filled with the sound-absorbing material in the first airtight cavity 16 is further expanded to improve product performance; moreover, at this time, the surface area of the second air-permeable spacer 23 is small, which saves material costs.
  • the second air-permeable spacer 23 can also be glued It is fixed to the sounding unit 10.
  • the second air-permeable spacer 23 may also be a set of isolation components, including a frame injection molded on the sound unit 10, and the second air-permeable spacer 23 is combined with the second air-permeable spacer 23 by means of adhesive glue or integral injection molding on the frame.
  • the second air-permeable partition 23 can also be a rigid partition, and a plurality of air-permeable holes 141 can be opened on the partition. It is understandable that in order to prevent the sound-absorbing material from entering the internal space of the sound unit 10, the partition is The aperture of the vent 141 should be smaller than the minimum particle size of the sound-absorbing material.
  • the second air-permeable spacer 23 is fixed to the first housing 11 to separate the sound-absorbing material from the sound generating unit 10, and the first air-permeable spacer 15 and the second air-permeable spacer 23 The space enclosed with the first housing 11 is filled with sound absorbing material.
  • the electronic device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, and the like. That is, part or all of the first housing 11 is composed of the housing of the electronic device, or part or all of the second housing 12 is composed of the housing of the electronic device, or the first housing 11 and the second housing 12 Part or all of it is constituted by the housing of the electronic device.
  • the housing of the electronic device doubles as the first housing 11 and/or the second housing 12, which can make full use of the space inside the electronic device, while saving a part of the space occupied by the first housing 11 and/or the second housing 12, and more Conducive to the thin design of electronic equipment.
  • the part of the outer shell is used to form the second shell 12, that is, the part of the outer shell and the first shell 11 are enclosed to form a second closed cavity, and the product assembly is simpler.
  • the “closed” described in the present embodiment and the present invention can be a fully closed physical structure or a relatively closed state.
  • the first airtight cavity 16 may include requirements based on product use
  • the pressure equalization holes 18 opened to balance the internal and external air pressure and have no significant effect on the rapid changes of sound pressure, or other open-hole structures, are also regarded as closed chambers.
  • the second airtight cavity 17 may include gaps and the like generated when combined with the first airtight cavity 16, as well as gaps of its own structure, etc., which can effectively isolate the sound waves generated by the flexible deformable part 13 to the sound generation unit 10.
  • the sound wave has no obvious influence and is also regarded as a closed cavity.
  • the total area of the above-mentioned openings or gaps does not exceed 20mm 2 .
  • the sounding unit 10 is installed on the first housing 11 to form a sounding assembly, and a first airtight cavity 16 is formed between the vibrating diaphragm of the sounding unit 10 and the first housing 11;
  • the components are installed in the second housing 12, and a second sealed cavity 17 is formed between the second housing 12 and the first housing 11; the first housing 11 is provided with a flexible deformable portion 13.
  • the second sealed cavity 17 is actually constituted by the gap between the components and the second housing 12 and the first housing 11.
  • the sound generating unit 10 is arranged inside the first housing 11, and the two form an integral structure, and then are assembled with the second housing 12.
  • the first housing 11 is provided with an opening, and the space on the front side of the diaphragm communicates with the opening, and the sound is radiated to the sound outlet 20 of the acoustic device through the opening.
  • the acoustic device is installed in a mobile phone electronic device, and the housing of the electronic device doubles as the second housing 12 of the acoustic device.
  • the space between the housing and internal components of the electronic device and the first housing 11 of the acoustic device forms a second closed cavity 17, omitting the second housing 12 of the acoustic device itself, making full use of the components of the housing of the electronic device.
  • the gap space between the two can realize the maximized design of the second closed cavity 17.
  • the body of the flexible deformation portion 13 can be made of plastic material or thermoplastic elastomer material, or silicone rubber material, and can be a one-layer or multi-layer composite structure, and the body of the flexible deformation portion 13 can be a flat plate.
  • a partially convex or concave structure such as a central convex, an edge convex, or a combination of a central convex and an edge convex.
  • at least one of TPU, TPEE, LCP, PAR, PC, PA, PPA, PEEK, PEI, PEN, PES, PET, PI, PPS, PPSU, and PSU is used for all or a partial area of the flexible deformable portion 13 .
  • the thickness of the flexible deformation portion 13 is less than or equal to 0.5 mm, and the thickness is too thick, the strength of the flexible deformation portion will increase, and the compliance will decrease, which is not conducive to deformation.
  • a composite sheet can be superimposed on the middle part of the main body of the flexible deformable part 13.
  • the strength of the composite sheet is higher than that of the main body, and it can be metal, plastic, carbon fiber, or a composite structure thereof, etc.
  • the body of the flexible deformable portion 13 can be a sheet-like overall structure, or it can be a hollowed-out structure with a composite sheet in the middle. In the case that the hollowed-out structure of the body of the flexible deformable portion 13 only retains the edge, the edge can be flat or flat. A convex shape to one side, or a wavy shape.
  • the flexible deformable portion 13 is integrated with other parts of the first housing 11.
  • the flexible deformable portion 13 can be manufactured first, and then the flexible deformable portion 13 is integrally injection molded as an insert into the other parts.
  • the main bodies of the first airtight cavity 16 and the second airtight cavity 17 extend along the horizontal direction formed by the length and width of the acoustic device.
  • the horizontal direction can also be defined by a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the acoustic device.
  • the horizontal direction generally refers to the direction parallel to the horizontal plane when the acoustic device is placed on a horizontal plane, and the two chambers are arranged along the horizontal direction, so as not to occupy the space in the height direction of the acoustic device as much as possible, which is conducive to the thin design of the product .
  • the airtight cavity on the back side of the vibrating diaphragm is divided into a first airtight cavity 16 and a second airtight cavity 17 by the first housing 11, and a flexible deformation part 13 is provided on the first housing 11, and the flexible deformation part 13 is provided on the first housing 11.
  • the flexible deformation part 13 deforms with the sound pressure, the volume of the first sealed cavity 16 is adjustable, thereby increasing the equivalent sound compliance of the first sealed cavity 16, effectively reducing the resonance frequency of the acoustic device, and improving the low-frequency sensitivity;
  • Two airtight cavities 17 are used to isolate the sound radiation generated during the deformation of the flexible deformable part 13, and the radiated sound waves of the flexible deformable part 13 are enclosed inside the acoustic device to avoid the phased radiated sound waves of the flexible deformable part 13 to the positive direction of the sound generating unit 10.
  • the radiated sound waves cause offsetting effects, thereby greatly improving the low-frequency sensitivity of the product as a whole.
  • the volume of the second sealed cavity 17 is greater than the volume of the first sealed cavity 16, which can make the deformation of the flexible deformable part 13 easier, which is more conducive to increasing the equivalent acoustic compliance of the first sealed cavity 16 and effectively reducing the resonance frequency of the acoustic device. Improve low frequency sensitivity.
  • the present invention also discloses an electronic device.
  • An acoustic device is installed on the electronic device.
  • the electronic device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook, or the like.
  • the electronic device includes a housing, and at least a part of the housing of the electronic device is used to form the first airtight cavity 16 and/or the second airtight cavity 17. That is, part or all of the first housing 11 is composed of the housing of the electronic device, or part or all of the second housing 12 is composed of the housing of the electronic device, or the first housing 11 and the second housing 12 Part or all of it is constituted by the housing of the electronic device.
  • the housing of the electronic device doubles as the first housing 11 and/or the second housing 12, so that the space inside the electronic device can be used from time to time, and colleagues can save a part of the first housing 11 and/or the second housing 12 The occupied space is more conducive to the thin design of electronic equipment.
  • the acoustic device includes a first housing 11, a sound generating unit 10 is installed on the first housing 11 to form a sound generating assembly, and a first airtight cavity 16 is formed between the vibrating diaphragm of the sound generating unit 10 and the first housing 11, wherein ,
  • the first housing 11 is provided with a flexible deformable portion 13;
  • the acoustic device further includes a second housing 12, the sound generating component is installed in the second housing 12, and the second housing 12 and the first housing 11 form a second housing.
  • the second housing 12 is a housing of an electronic device. In fact, the space between the housing of the electronic equipment and the internal components and the first housing 11 of the acoustic device forms a second closed cavity 17.
  • the housing of the electronic equipment doubles as the second housing 12 of the acoustic device, and the acoustic device is omitted.
  • the second housing 12 of its own makes full use of the gap space between the components of the housing of the electronic device, and can realize the maximum design of the second sealed cavity 17, which is beneficial to the thin design of the electronic device.

Abstract

本发明公开一种声学装置，包括发声单元和第一壳体，发声单元包括振动膜片，第一壳体与振动膜片围合形成第一密闭腔，第一壳体上开设有安装孔，安装孔处设有覆盖安装孔的柔性形变部，第一密闭腔的外侧设有第二密闭腔，柔性形变部位于第一密闭腔和第二密闭腔之间，安装孔处设有覆盖安装孔的第一透气隔离件，第一透气隔离件位于第一密闭腔内，第一密闭腔中还设有第二透气隔离件，第一密闭腔中填充有吸音材料。本发明还公开一种电子设备，电子设备包括外壳和上述声学装置。本发明的声学装置声学性能优良。

Description

声学装置及电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及声学技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种声学装置及安装有该声学装置的电子设备。
背景技术
一般而言，传统结构的声学系统包括封闭箱体和设置在封闭箱体上的发声单元，封闭箱体与发声单元之间形成腔室，由于声学系统中的的腔室的容积限制，声学系统尤其是小型声学系统很难实现能令人满意地再现低音的效果。常规地，为了在声学系统中实现令人满意的低音再现，通常采用两种手段，一种是将吸音材料(例如活性炭、沸石等)设置于声学系统的箱体内，用于吸附或脱附箱体内的气体，起到容积增大进而降低低频谐振频率的效果，另一种是在声学系统的箱体上设置被动辐射器，发声单元和被动辐射器同时对外辐射声音，利用被动辐射器与箱体在特定频点fp(共振频率点)形成强烈共振的原理，将发声单元和被动辐射器两者的声波连通叠加，对共振频率点fp附近局部灵敏度进行增强(例如，参见专利CN1939086A)。
但是上述两种手段均存在问题，第一种在腔体的尺寸、体积有限时，单一的通过填充吸音材料的方式对低频段灵敏度的改善效果欠佳；第二种采用被动辐射器的方案，在共振频率点fp附近，被动辐射器强烈辐射，发声单元近乎停止，因此可以通过被动辐射器的高灵敏度设计，在fp附近频段实现声学系统的局部灵敏度增强；但在fp以下频段，被动辐射器与发声单元声波相位相反，声波相互抵消，被动辐射器对声学系统灵敏度起负面作用。总言之，被动辐射器只能提升共振点附近频段的灵敏度，不能对全部低频段有所提升,所以有必要对现有技术存在的缺陷做进一步的改进。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种新的腔体结构，同时结合吸音材料放置在密闭腔体中，能够增大后腔等效容积，降低谐振频率，整体上显著提升低频灵敏度的声学装置。
为实现上述目的及其他目的，本发明提出的一种声学装置，包括：
发声单元，所述发声单元包括振动膜片，所述声学装置上设置有出声口，所述振动膜片前侧的声波通过所述出声口对外辐射；
第一壳体，所述第一壳体与所述振动膜片围合形成第一密闭腔，所述第一壳体上开设有安装孔，所述安装孔处设有覆盖所述安装孔的柔性形变部，在所述第一密闭腔的外侧设有第二密闭腔，所述柔性形变部位于所述第一密闭腔和所述第二密闭腔之间，所述第二密闭腔将所述柔性形变部在形变时产生的声波封闭在所述第二密闭腔内；
所述安装孔处设有覆盖所述安装孔的第一透气隔离件，所述第一透气隔离件位于第一密闭腔内，所述第一透气隔离件与所述柔性形变部之间的距离被配置为所述柔性形变部在形变时不会与所述第一透气隔离件相碰，所述第一密闭腔中设有第二透气隔离件，所述第一密闭腔中填充有吸音材料，所述第一透气隔离件用以隔离所述吸音材料与所述柔性形变部，所述第二透气隔离件用以避免所述吸音材料进入所述发声单元。
可选地，所述性吸音材料由活性炭、沸石、二氧化硅(SiO2)、矾土(Al2O3)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、氧化镁(MgO)、四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)、分子筛、球壳状碳分子及碳纳米管、吸音棉中的任一种或者几种构成。
可选地，所述柔性形变部的全部或局部区域至少采用TPU、TPEE、LCP、PAR、PC、PA、PPA、PEEK、PEI、PEN、PES、PET、PI、PPS、PPSU、PSU、橡胶或硅胶中的至少一种。
可选地，所述吸音材料通过粘合剂形成多个吸音颗粒。
可选地，所述第一透气隔离件的边缘与所述第一壳体采用胶粘方式结合为一体；或者，
所述第一透气隔离件的边缘与所述第一壳体采用注塑方式结合为一体；或者，
所述第一透气隔离件的边缘与所述第一壳体采用热熔方式结合为一体。
可选地，所述第一透气隔离件和/或所述第二透气隔离件为网布、金属网或透气膜。
可选地，所述发声单元包括泄压孔，所述泄压孔上覆盖有所述第二透气隔离件。
可选地，所述泄压孔位于所述发声单元的侧壁上。
可选地，所述第二透气隔离件采用注塑方式结合于所述侧壁。
可选地，所述第二透气隔离件固定于所述第一壳体。
为实现上述目的及其他目的，本发明提供一种电子设备，该电子设备包括外壳和上述的声学装置，所述外壳的至少一部分用于形成所述第一密闭腔和/或所述第二密闭腔。
可选地，所述外壳的部分与所述第一壳体围合形成所述第二密闭腔。
本发明的技术效果至少在于，本发明的声学装置中，第一壳体与振动膜片围合形成第一密闭腔，第一壳体上开设有安装孔，安装孔上设有柔性形变部，通过设置柔性形变部，柔性形变部随着声音产生变形，使的第一密闭腔的容积大小可调，从而增加第一密闭腔等效声顺，有效降低声学装置共振频率，提升低频灵敏度，并且，安装孔处覆盖有第一透气隔离件，第一透气隔离件位于第一密闭腔内，第一密闭腔中设有第二透气隔离件，第一密闭腔中填充有吸音材料，进一步提高吸音材料的填充空间，扩大密闭腔的等效容积，使声顺得到进一步的优化和提升。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
构成说明书的一部分的附图描述了本发明的实施例，并且连同说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明声学装置第一实施例中除去第二壳体的爆炸图；
图2是本发明声学装置第一实施例的剖视图；
图3是本发明声学装置第一实施例中发声单元的结构图；
图4是本发明声学装置第二实施例的剖视图；
图5是本发明声学装置第三实施例中除去第二壳体的剖视图；
图6是本发明声学装置第四实施例中除去第二壳体的剖视图；
图7是本发明声学装置第五实施例中除去第二壳体的剖视图。
附图标号说明：
10为发声单元，101为泄压孔，11为第一壳体，111为上壳，112为下壳，12为第二壳体，13为柔性形变部，14为防护装置，141为透气孔，142为固定部，143为侧部，144为底部，15为第一透气隔离件，16为第一密闭腔，17为第二密闭腔，18为均压孔，19为安装槽，20为出声口，21为热熔筋，22为安装孔,23为第二透气隔离件。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，绝不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
本发明提出一种声学装置，用于电子设备上发声。
如图1所示，该声学装置包括发声单元10，其中发声单元10为微型发声单元10，更具体地，发声单元10为微型的动圈式扬声器。发声单元10一般包括壳体和容置固定在壳体中的振动系统和磁路系统，振动系统包括固定在壳体上的振动膜片和结合在振动膜片上的音圈，磁路系统形成有磁间隙，音圈设置于该磁间隙中，音圈通入交流电后在磁场中做上下往复运动，从而带动振动膜片振动发声。
在声学装置上设置有出声口20，振动膜片前侧的声波通过出声口20对外辐射，振动膜片后侧的声波留置于声学装置内部。振动膜片、发声单元10壳体和磁路系统之间形成有腔室，一般在发声单元10壳体上或者磁路系统上或者两者之间开设有泄压孔101，振动膜片后侧的声波会通过该泄压孔101进入声学装置的内部。优选地，发声单元10的振动膜片的振动方向平行于声学装置的厚度方向，有利于声学装置的薄型化设计。
进一步地，如图2所示，声学装置包括第一壳体11和第二壳体12，第一壳体11与振动膜片围合形成第一密闭腔16，第一密闭腔16的外侧设有第二密闭腔17。第二密闭腔17由第二壳体12与第一壳体11围合而成，第一密闭腔16 邻接振动膜片，第二密闭腔17远离振动膜片。为了解决现有技术中采用单一的吸音材料改善低频段的灵敏度效果不佳以及采用单一的被动辐射器结构时能够改善的频段较为有限的问题，在本发明中，如图5所示，第一壳体11上开设有安装孔22，安装孔22处设有覆盖安装孔22的柔性形变部13，其中，柔性形变部13至少部分柔性形变，柔性形变部13位于第一密闭腔16和第二密闭腔17之间。当振动膜片振动时，第一密闭腔16的内部声压发生变化，第一壳体11上的柔性形变部13随第一密闭腔16内的声压变化而产生形变，使得第一密闭腔16为柔性腔体，其容积可变。
在一个实施例中，如图2所示，安装孔22处设有覆盖安装孔22的第一透气隔离件15，且第一透气隔离件15位于第一密闭腔16内，第一透气隔离件15与柔性形变部13之间的距离被配置为柔性形变部13在形变时不会与第一透气隔离件15相碰，以免影响柔性形变部13的正常振动。如图3所示，第一密闭腔16中设有第二透气隔离件23，第一密闭腔16中填充有吸音材料(未示出)，第一透气隔离件15用以隔离吸音材料与柔性形变部13，第二透气隔离件23用以避免吸音材料进入发声单元10的内部空间。如此，填充吸音材料的空间较大，扩大密闭腔的等效容积，提升声顺效果。
具体地，吸音材料为通过粘合剂粘合而成的吸音颗粒。
进一步地，柔性形变部13位于第二密闭腔17的一侧覆盖有防护装置14，用以保护柔性形变部13不受损。如图7所示，防护装置14上设有透气孔141，用以均衡防护装置14两侧的气压。优选地，防护装置14为钢网，基于钢网设计可以减小整体的厚度，有利于减小声学装置的厚度。以下以钢网为例进行说明。
具体地，如图1、2和7所示，第一壳体11对应柔性形变部13处向第一密闭腔16的方向凹陷形成安装槽19，第一壳体11包括上壳111和下壳112， 上壳111、下壳112和发声单元10围合形成第一密闭腔16,上壳111对应柔性形变部13处向第一密闭腔16的方向凹陷形成安装槽19，安装槽19的槽底处设有柔性形变部13。防护装置14不超出安装槽19的槽口所在的平面，如此，外部部件对柔性形变部13的接触概率大大降低，同时防止剐蹭。
如图6所示，钢网包括固定部142、底部144和侧部143，侧部143设于底部144的周边，侧部143沿轴向的一端与底部144结合固定，固定部142设于侧部143沿轴向的另一端的外周边，底部144和侧部143形成对应柔性形变部13的罩体并通过固定部142安装于第一壳体11，可大体上把钢网视作盆状，固定部142即“盆沿”，底部144即“盆底”，侧部143即“盆壁”。侧部143与底部144可构成柔性形变部13的部分振动空间。底部144与柔性形变部13之间的距离被设置为柔性形变部13在形变时不会与钢网相碰。钢网上设有透气孔141，用以均衡钢网两侧的声压。
钢网可防止外部物体对柔性形变部13进行破坏、损伤，同时柔性形变部13振动形变时，钢网对柔性形变部13的形变起到一定的阻尼作用，使柔性形变部13随声压变形，调节第一密闭腔16顺性时，可以减少对声学装置整机的干扰，甚至可以减少对声学装置的应用电子设备整机的干扰。
具体地，钢网设置于柔性形变部13位于第二密闭腔17的一侧，钢网的底部144与柔性形变部13存在一定距离以保证柔性形变部13形变空间的同时，还对柔性形变部13起到保护和防尘效果，以及一定的阻尼作用。
在另外一个实施例中，第一透气隔离件15为两块，柔性形变部13对应第一密闭腔16和第二密闭腔17的两侧均覆盖有第一透气隔离件15，用以隔离吸音材料与柔性形变部13，第一密闭腔16中设有第二透气隔离件23，以避免吸音材料进入发声单元10，第一密闭腔16中填充吸音颗粒。如此，在第二密闭腔17中同样设有吸音材料，进一步提升密闭腔的等效容积。
在本发明中，第一透气隔离件15和/或第二透气隔离件23可由单独的透气网布构成。在一个具体的例子中，第一透气隔离件15和/或第二透气隔离件23可以采用金属网，可以增强第一透气隔离件15和/或第二透气隔离件23的强度和耐用性，也可以为网布或透气膜，本发明对第一透气隔离件15和第二透气隔离件23的材质不做限定。
另外，第一透气隔离件15还可以是一组隔离组件，包括一个注塑在第一壳体11上的框架，在该框架上通过粘接胶或者一体注塑的形式结合上述的透气网布。再者，第一透气隔离件15还可以是一块硬质隔板，在该隔板上可以开设多个透气孔141，可以理解的是，为了避免吸音材料与柔性形变部13、发声单元10接触，隔板上透气孔141的孔径应小于吸音材料的最小粒径。
如图5所示，第一透气隔离件15通过胶粘固定于上壳111，或者，如图6所示，第一透气隔离件15通过注塑方式固定于上壳111，再或者，如图7所示，第一透气隔离件15通过热熔方式固定于上壳111，其中，上壳111上设有热熔筋21，通过对热熔筋21加热将第一透气隔离件15与上壳111固定。
上述胶粘方式、注塑方式和热熔方式，均能使第一透气隔离件15与第一壳体11良好的结合在一起，使第一透气隔离件15不易松动、脱落。特别是在灌装吸音材料时，第一透气隔离件15牢固固定，利于吸音材料的灌装。
吸音材料可以由活性炭、沸石、二氧化硅(SiO2)、矾土(Al2O3)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、氧化镁(MgO)、四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)、分子筛、球壳状碳分子及碳纳米管、吸音棉中的任一种或者几种构成。
具体地，如图2所示，本发明中第二密闭腔17的容积大于第一密闭腔16的容积。
当所述振动膜片振动时，第一密闭腔16的内部声压发生变化，柔性形变部13随第一密闭腔16内的声压变化而产生形变，对第一密闭腔16进行容 积大小的柔性调节；第二密闭腔17将柔性形变部13在形变时产生的声波封闭在第二密闭腔17内。
在一个例子中，如图1和图3所示，发声单元10体包括泄压孔101，第二透气隔离件23覆盖于泄压孔101。更具体地，泄压孔101设于发声单元10的侧壁上，如此，第二透气隔离件23用料面积较小，可进一步节约成本。
进一步地，第二透气隔离件23采用注塑方式结合于发声单元10的侧壁上。如此，进一步扩大第一密闭腔16填充吸音材料的空间，以提升产品性能；而且，此时第二透气隔离件23的表面积较小，节省物料成本，第二透气隔离件23还可以通过胶粘固定于发声单元10。另外，第二透气隔离件23还可以是一组隔离组件，包括一个注塑在发声单元10上的框架，在该框架上通过粘接胶或者一体注塑的形式结合第二透气隔离件23。再者，第二透气隔离件23还可以是一块硬质隔板，在该隔板上可以开设多个透气孔141，可以理解的是，为了避免吸音材料进入发声单元10内部空间，隔板上透气孔141的孔径应小于吸音材料的最小粒径。
在另一个实施例中，如图4所示，第二透气隔离件23固定于第一壳体11，以间隔吸音材料与发声单元10，在第一透气隔离件15、第二透气隔离件23和第一壳体11围成的空间内填充吸音材料。
本发明中，用于安装声学装置的电子设备的外壳的至少一部分用于形成第一密闭腔16和/或第二密闭腔17。其中，电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等。即，第一壳体11的部分或全部是由电子设备的外壳构成，或者，第二壳体12的部分或全部是由电子设备的外壳构成，或者第一壳体11和第二壳体12的部分或全部是由电子设备的外壳构成。电子设备的外壳兼做第一壳体11和/或第二壳体12，能够充分利用电子设备内部的空间，同时节约一部分第一壳体11和/或第二壳体12占用的空间，更加有利于电子设备的薄型化设计。
进一步地，外壳的部分用于形成第二壳体12，即外壳的部分与第一壳体11围合形成第二密闭腔，产品组装更为简单。
需要说明的是，本实施例及本发明中所描述的“封闭”，可以是物理结构上的全封闭，也可以是相对密闭状态，例如，第一密闭腔16，可以包括基于产品使用要求，开设的起到平衡内外气压且对声压快速变化没有显著影响的均压孔18，或者其他开孔结构，也视为密闭腔。又例如第二密闭腔17，可以包括与第一密闭腔16组合时产生的缝隙等，以及其自身结构的缝隙等，它们能够将柔性形变部13产生的声波有效隔离，对发声单元10产生的声波没有明显影响，也视为密闭腔。一般情况下，上述开孔或缝隙的总面积不超过20mm 2。
在一个实施例中，如图2所示，发声单元10安装于第一壳体11上形成发声组件，发声单元10的振动膜片与第一壳体11之间形成第一密闭腔16；发声组件安装于第二壳体12内，第二壳体12与第一壳体11之间形成第二密闭腔17；第一壳体11上设置有柔性形变部13。其中，在第二壳体12内还存在其他零部件的情况下，第二密闭腔17实际上由零部件与第二壳体12和第一壳体11之间的间隙构成。
本实施例中，发声单元10设置在第一壳体11的内部，两者形成一个整体结构，然后与第二壳体12进行装配。第一壳体11上设有开口，振膜前侧空间与该开口连通，通过该开口将声音辐射到声学装置的出声口20。
进一步地，声学装置安装于手机电子设备中，且电子设备的外壳兼做声学装置的第二壳体12。电子设备的外壳与内部零部件以及与声学装置的第一壳体11之间的空间形成第二密闭腔17，省略了声学装置自身的第二壳体12，充分利用了电子设备外壳零部件之间的间隙空间，可以实现第二密闭腔17的最大化设计。
声学装置在工作状态下，当振动膜片向下振动压缩振动膜片后侧的容积时，声压会通过第一密闭腔16传递至柔性形变部13，柔性形变部13会朝向第一密 闭腔16外侧来扩张形变；反之，当振膜向上振动时，柔性形变部13会向内收缩形变，从而对第一密闭腔16的容积进行调节。其中，柔性形变部13的本体可以为塑料材质或热塑性弹性体材质，还可以是硅橡胶材质，可以是一层也可以是多层复合结构，并且，柔性形变部13的本体可以是平板状，或者部分凸起或凹陷的结构，例如中心部凸起、边缘部凸起，或者中心部凸起加边缘部凸起相结合的结构。具体的，柔性形变部13的全部或局部区域至少采用TPU、TPEE、LCP、PAR、PC、PA、PPA、PEEK、PEI、PEN、PES、PET、PI、PPS、PPSU、PSU中的至少一种。并且柔性形变部13的厚度小于等于0.5mm，厚度太厚，柔性变形部的强度增加、顺性变小，不利于发生形变。
进一步的，为了提升振动效果，还可以在柔性形变部13的本体的中间部位叠加一复合片，该复合片的强度高于本体的强度，可以是金属、塑料、碳纤维或者是其复合结构等等。另外柔性形变部13的本体可以是片状的整体结构，也可以是中间镂空加复合片的结构，柔性形变部13的本体中间镂空结构只保留边缘部的情况下，边缘部可以是平板状或者朝一侧凸起的形状、或者为波浪形。
优选地，柔性形变部13与第一壳体11的其他部分一体结合，作为一种具体方案，可以先制作柔性形变部13，然后把柔性形变部13作为嵌件一体注塑成型于其他部分中。
本发明中，第一密闭腔16和第二密闭腔17的主体沿声学装置的长和宽构成的水平方向延伸，该水平方向也可以用垂直于声学装置厚度方向的方向来定义。该水平方向一般是指声学装置放于一个水平面时，平行于该水平面的方向，两个腔室沿该水平方向设置，尽量不占用声学装置的高度方向上的空间，有利于产品的薄型化设计。
声学装置中，振动膜片后侧的密闭腔通过第一壳体11间隔成第一密闭腔16和第二密闭腔17，且第一壳体11上设有柔性形变部13，通过设置柔性形变部 13，柔性形变部13随着声压产生形变，第一密闭腔16的容积大小可调，从而增加第一密闭腔16等效声顺，有效降低声学装置共振频率，提升低频灵敏度；通过第二密闭腔17来隔绝柔性形变部13形变过程中产生的声音辐射，将柔性形变部13的辐射声波封闭于声学装置内部，避免柔性形变部13的发相位辐射声波，对发声单元10的正向辐射声波造成抵消影响，进而整体上较大幅度提升产品的低频段灵敏度。
并且，第二密闭腔17的容积大于第一密闭腔16的容积，可以使柔性形变部13的变形更加容易，更加有利于增加第一密闭腔16等效声顺，有效降低声学装置共振频率，提升低频灵敏度。
另外，本发明还公开了一种电子设备，在电子设备上安装有声学装置，电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本等。
电子设备包括外壳，电子设备的外壳的至少一部分用于形成第一密闭腔16和/或第二密闭腔17。即，第一壳体11的部分或全部是由电子设备的外壳构成，或者第二壳体12的部分或全部是有电子设备的外壳构成，或者第一壳体11和第二壳体12的部分或全部由电子设备的外壳构成。本发明中，电子设备的外壳兼做第一壳体11和/或第二壳体12，能够从发利用电子设备内部的空间，同事节约一部分第一壳体11和/或第二壳体12占用的空间，更加有利于电子设备的薄型化设计。
具体地，声学装置包括第一壳体11，发声单元10安装在第一壳体11上形成发声组件，发声单元10的振动膜片与第一壳体11之间形成第一密闭腔16，其中，第一壳体11上设有柔性形变部13；声学装置还包括第二壳体12，发声组件安装于第二壳体12中，第二壳体12与第一壳体11之间形成第二密闭腔17。其中，第二壳体12为电子设备的外壳。实际上，电子设备外壳与内部零部件以及与声学装置的第一壳体11之间的空间形成第二密闭腔17，电子设备的外壳兼 做声学装置的第二壳体12，省略了声学装置自身的第二壳体12，充分利用了电子设备外壳零部件之间的间隙空间，可以实现第二密闭腔17的最大化设计，有利于电子设备薄型化设计。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种声学装置，其特征在于，包括：
    发声单元，所述发声单元包括振动膜片，所述声学装置上设置有出声口，所述振动膜片前侧的声波通过所述出声口对外辐射；
    第一壳体，所述第一壳体与所述振动膜片围合形成第一密闭腔，所述第一壳体上开设有安装孔，所述安装孔处设有覆盖所述安装孔的柔性形变部，在所述第一密闭腔的外侧设有第二密闭腔，所述柔性形变部位于所述第一密闭腔和所述第二密闭腔之间，所述第二密闭腔将所述柔性形变部在形变时产生的声波封闭在所述第二密闭腔内；
    所述安装孔处设有覆盖所述安装孔的第一透气隔离件，所述第一透气隔离件位于第一密闭腔内，所述第一透气隔离件与所述柔性形变部之间的距离被配置为所述柔性形变部在形变时不会与所述第一透气隔离件相碰，所述第一密闭腔中设有第二透气隔离件，所述第一密闭腔中填充有吸音材料，所述第一透气隔离件用以隔离所述吸音材料与所述柔性形变部，所述第二透气隔离件用以避免所述吸音材料进入所述发声单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述性吸音材料由活性炭、沸石、二氧化硅(SiO2)、矾土(Al2O3)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、氧化镁(MgO)、四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)、分子筛、球壳状碳分子及碳纳米管、吸音棉中的任一种或者几种构成。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述柔性形变部的全部或局部区域至少采用TPU、TPEE、LCP、PAR、PC、PA、PPA、PEEK、PEI、PEN、PES、PET、PI、PPS、PPSU、PSU、橡胶或硅胶中的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述吸音材料通过粘合剂形成多个吸音颗粒。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述第一透气隔离件的边缘与所述第一壳体采用胶粘方式结合为一体；或者，
    所述第一透气隔离件的边缘与所述第一壳体采用注塑方式结合为一体；或者，
    所述第一透气隔离件的边缘与所述第一壳体采用热熔方式结合为一体。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述第一透气隔离件和/或所述第二透气隔离件为网布、金属网或透气膜。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述发声单元包括泄压孔，所述泄压孔上覆盖有所述第二透气隔离件。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述泄压孔位于所述发声单元的侧壁上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述第二透气隔离件采用注塑方式结合于所述侧壁。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述第二透气隔离件固定于所述第一壳体。
  11. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备包括外壳和如权利要求1-10任一项所述的声学装置，所述外壳的至少一部分用于形成所述第一密闭腔和/或所述第二密闭腔。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述外壳的部分与所述第一壳体围合形成所述第二密闭腔。
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