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  • A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
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  • A61K31/7076—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid
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  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
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  • A61K31/5365—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
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  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
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  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
  • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
  • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
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  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
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  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
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  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
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  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
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  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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  • A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
  • C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
  • C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
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  • C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
  • C07H19/16—Purine radicals
  • C07H19/20—Purine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids

Definitions

• This invention relates to antiviral coinpounds and coinpositions useful for the treatinent of acquired iininunodeficiency syndroine (AIDS).
• AIDS acquired iininunodeficiency syndroine
• the coinpound EFdA (MK-8591 ) is a nucleoside analog known to be effective as an inhibitor of the enzyine reverse transcriptase ( Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 2018, 13, 294-299)
• Reverse transcriptase inhibitors can be effective in the treatinent of viral infections caused by viruses where reverse transcriptase function is essential for viral replication and production of viral proteins, such as HIV (Huinan Iininunodeficiency Virus) and HBV (Hepatitis B Virus).
• HIV Human Iininunodeficiency Virus
• HBV Hepatitis B Virus
• the viins is an RNA virus that uses reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA reverse transcripts of the vital genoine which are translated by the host to provide the viral proteins.
• HBV a DNA viins, the DNA viral polyinerase also has a reverse transcriptase function, generating viral DNA froin a viral RNA interinediate during replication.
• An antiviral exainple of a coinpound that hits both HIV and HBV is lainivudine.
• the invention provides, in various einbodiinents, (1) novel coinpositions of cheinical inatter coinprising bioactive prodrugs of MK-8591 or pharinaceutically acceptable salt of these prodrugs, and (2) novel forinulations of these prodrugs providing therapeutic and prophylactic treatinent of patients against viral infections of viruses such as HIV and HBV, wherein inhibition of a reverse transcriptase enzyine (RNA-directed DNA polyinerase) slows or blocks the viral infection.
• the route of adininistration for these treatinents can include, but not liinited to, oral, parenteral and iinplants (coinposition and device).
• the forinulations of this invention provide for slow or controlled or sustained release of EFdA froin these prodrugs when injected as an aqueous suspension forinulation.
• Figure 1 shows an X-ray Powder Diffractograin (XPRD) of EFdA.
• Figure 2 shows data provided by Differential Scanning Caloriinetry (DSC) and Therino- Graviinetric Analysis (TGA) of EFdA.
• DSC Differential Scanning Caloriinetry
• TGA Therino- Graviinetric Analysis
• Figure 3 shows DSC and TGA data for coinpound 2.
• Figure 4 shows XPRD data for coinpound 3.
• Figure 5 shows DSC data for coinpound 3.
• FIG. 6 shows TGA data for coinpound 3.
• Figure 7 shows XPRD data for coinpound 5.
• Figure 8 shows DSC data for coinpound 5.
• Figure 9 shows TGA data for coinpound 5.
• Figure 10 shows in graphic forin the data provided in Table 2.
• Figure 11 shows in graphic forin the data provided in Table 3.
• Figure 12 shows in graphic forin the data provided in Table 4.
• the invention provides, in various einbodiinents, a coinpound of Forinula (I)
• R is H, (C 1-22 )alk ⁇ d, or (C 3-22 )alkenyl wherein the alkenyl can coinprise 1-6 unsaturations, or is (C 3-7 )cycloalkyl;
• a coinpound of Forinula (I) can be any of the specific coinpounds 2 - 51, shown in Table 1.
• the invention further provides, in various einbodiinents, a inethod of inhibiting viral reverse transcriptase bioactivity, coinprising contacting a viins expressing an enzyine with reverse transcriptase bioactivity with an effective ainount or concentration of a coinpound of Forinula (I).
• the invention further provides, in various einbodiinents, a inethod of prophylaxis of vireinia or treatinent of a viral infection in a patient wherein inhibition of a reverse transcriptase is inedically indicated, coinprising adininistering to the patient an effective ainount or concentration of a coinpound of Forinula (I). More specifically, the coinpound of Forinula (I) can be adininistered in a forinulation that provides for slow or controlled or sustained release of EFdA froin these prodrugs.
• the coinpound of Forinula (I) can be forinulated as aqueous suspension, solutions, and can be encapsulated in particles for slow-release including PLGA and those known in the art. More specifically, the viral infection can be caused by HIV or HBV.
• the routes of adininistration for these prodrugs can include, but not liinited to, oral, parenteral and iinplants (drug delivery coinposition and device).
• the inethod inay further coinprise an additional anti-HIV and/or anti-HBV agent including but not liinited to, cabotegravir, dolutegravir, doravirine, elvitegravir, lersiverine, tenofovir disoproxil fuinarate, tenofovir alafenainide fuinarate or lainivudine.
• an additional anti-HIV and/or anti-HBV agent including but not liinited to, cabotegravir, dolutegravir, doravirine, elvitegravir, lersiverine, tenofovir disoproxil fuinarate, tenofovir alafenainide fuinarate or lainivudine.
• THF tetrahy drofuran
• DCM dichloroinethane
• MeCN Acetonitrile
• MeCN N.N-diinethylforinainide
• DMF diinethylsulfoxide
• TAA trifluoroacetic acid
• TAA triethylainine
• DIPEA diisopropylethylainine
• EOH inethanol
• EtOAc Ethyl acetate
• DMAP 4-Diinethylaininopyridine
• DMAP N-(3- Diinethylaininopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiiinide hydrochloride
• DCC N,N'- Dicyclohexylcarbodiiinide
• the reaction stirred for 5 h at rt.
• the reaction is inonitored by LCMS due to the occasional alkylation of NH 2 group observed for elongated reaction tiine.
• the reaction inixture was then filtered to reinove byproduct urea. Acetonitrile was used to rinse the reaction inixture. Thereafter, the reaction was washed twice with water and once with brine and then the solvent was dried, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the resulting crude inaterial was purified by silica-gel coluinn chroinatography using 60-70%% EtOAc in Hexanes to obtain the coinpound 2 as a glassy solid.
• Step-1 To a solution of interinediate B (400 ing, 0.75 ininol, 1 equiv.) in anhydrous MeCN (12 inL) was added DIPEA (0.6 inL, 3.77 ininol, 5 equiv.) and DMAP (18.4 ing, 0.15 ininol, 0.2 equiv.). To this stirrd solution at 0 °C was added dropwise heptanoic anhydride (365 ing, 1.5 ininol, 2 equiv.) in MeCN (5 inL). The resulting inixture was then stirred at rt for 1 h.
• DIPEA 0.6 inL, 3.77 ininol, 5 equiv.
• DMAP 18.4 ing, 0.15 ininol, 0.2 equiv.
• reaction inixture was quenched in ice cold water (20inl) and was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X 20 inL). The coinbined organic layer was dried, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude inaterial was purified by silica-gel coluinn chroinatography using 1.5% DCM in MeOH to obtain the interinediate C (430 ing, 88.8% yield).
• Step-2 To a solution of interinediate C (430 ing, 0.67 ininol, 1 equiv.) in anhydrous MeOH (5 inL) was added NH4F (495 inL, 13 35 ininol, 20 equiv.). The resulting inixture was then stirred at rt for 12 h. The reaction is inonitored by LCMS. After coinpletion of reaction, reaction inixture was quenched in ice cold water (20inl) and was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X 20 inl). The coinbined organic layer w3 ⁇ 4s dried, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• reaction stirred for overnight at rt.
• the reaction is inonitored by LCMS due to the occasional alky lation of Nl3 ⁇ 4 group observed for elongated reaction tiine.
• the reaction was diluted with EtOAc and washed thrice with water once with NaHCO 3 and once with brine and then the solvent w'as dried, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the resulting crude inaterial was purified by silica-gel coluinn chroinatography using using 1.5% DCM in MeOH to obtain the coinpound 39 as an off-white solid (1.0 g, 65% yield).
• Coinpound 43 can be prepared by using the procedure followed for the coinpound 39 using the acid chloride of known acid dihexadecylglycine.
• Coinpound 44 can be prepared by the reaction between EFdA and the corresponding chloroforinate in the pyridine as the solvent.
• Coinpounds 45-50 can be prepared following procedures siinilar to those of the other exainples described herein.
• Coinpound 1 (EFdA) was grinded and sieved through #80. 300 ing of 1 was taken in suitable container and a solution of preforined 0.25% sodiuin carboxyinethyl cellulose (Sodiuin CMC) and 0.1% polyoxyethlene (20) sorbitan inonooleate (TWEEN-80) was added to obtain 1 grain (300 ing of 1 + ⁇ 700 ing of polyiner solution) of the final forinulation ( ⁇ 300 ing/g). The suspension was then bath sonicated for 10 inin in an Ice bath. The density of forinulation of is 1 064 g/inL. Henceforth, the above forinulation suspension will be 319 2 ing/inL concentration of coinpound 1 (EFdA).
• Sodiuin CMC sodiuin carboxyinethyl cellulose
• TWEEN-80 polyoxyethlene (20) sorbitan inonooleate
• Recrystallized Coinpound 2 was grinded and sieved through #80. 250 ing of 1 was taken in suitable container and a solution of preforined 0.25% Sodiuin CMC and 0.1% TWEEN-80 was added to obtain 1 grain (250 ing of 1 + ⁇ 750 ing of polyiner solution) of the final forinulation ( ⁇ 250 ing/g). The suspension was then probe sonicated for 5 inin in an ice bath (Sonication tiine: 5 inin; Pulse Ainplitude: 20; Pulse on Tiine: 30 sec; Pulse off tiine: 20 sec).
• the suspension was then probe sonicated for 5 inin in an ice bath (Sonication tiine: 5 inin; Pulse Ainplitude: 20; Pulse on Tiine: 30 sec; Pulse off tiine: 20 sec).
• the density of forinulation of is 1.004 g/inL.
• the above forinulation suspension will be 250.88 ing/inL concentration of coinpound 3 ( ⁇ 150 ing/inL of EFdA).
• Aniinals (Male SD rats ⁇ 200-250 g and Male rhesus inacaques ⁇ 2-3 kg) were obtained froin an approved vendor (SLAC Laboratory Aniinal Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China and/or Topgene Biotechnology, Wuhan city, Hubei province, China).
• Acclimation/Quarantine Following arrival, aniinals were assessed as to their general health by a ineinber of the veterinary' staff or other authorized personnel. Aniinals were accliinated for at least 3 days before being placed on study.
• Animal Husbandry Aniinals were group housed during accliination and individually housed during the study. The aniinal rooin environinent will be controlled (target conditions: teinperature 18 to 26°C, relative huinidity' 30 to 70%, 12 hours artificial light and 12 hours dark). Teinperature and relative huinidity' were inonitored daily.
• Aniinals were fasted at least 12 hours prior to the adininistration. All aniinals had access to Certified Rodent and non-Rodent Diet (Catalog # M01-F, SLAC Laboratory Aniinal Cl. Ltd., Shanghai, China) ad libitum 4 hours post dosing.
• SC Formulation The forinulations were prepared according to the procedure given in Exainples 52-55 and Table 2-4. The forinulations were prepared on the day of dosing.
• Aniinals were dosed within four hours after the forinulation is prepared. Two 20 mL aliquots of each forinulation were reinoved froin each of the forinulation solutions, transferred into 1.5 inL of polypropylene inicrocentrifuge tubes and run dose validation by LC/UV or LC- MS/MS.
• the dose forinulation was adininistered via subcutaneous injection following facility' SOPs. 4, Sainple Collection
• Blood sainples were processed for plasina by centrifugation at approxiinately 4 °C, 3000 g 15 inin within half an hour of collection. Plasina sainples was stored in polypropylene tubes, quick frozen over dry ice and kept at -70+10 °C until LC/MS/MS analysis.
• the inean calculated concentration in the single blank inatrix should be 0.5 tiines the LLOQ.
• Carry over the inean calculated carry -over concentration in the single blank inatrix iininediately after the highest standard injection should be £ LLOQ. If the carryover could’t ineet the criteria, then the percent of carryover should be estiinated following in-house bioanalytical SOP.
• Plasina concentration versus tiine data was analyzed by non-coinpartinental approaches using the Phoenix WINNONLIN 6.3 software prograin.
• C max, T max , T 1 ⁇ 2 , AUC (0-t) , AUC (0-inf), MRT (0- t) , MRT (0-inf), %F and graphs of plasina concentration versus tiine profile were reported.
• prodrugs including EFdA (l) as a control were subjected to a single dose rat PK studies via subcutaneous route of adininistration. All were injected with equivalent doses of 10 ing/kg and concentration of 4 ing/inL of EFdA as an aqueous suspension forinulation derived froin 0.5% CMC-Na and 0.5% TWEEN-80. While siinilar exposure wns observed, all prodrugs 2, 3 and 5 exhibited plasina levels of EFdA above LLOQ for inore than a week with C max inuch lower than EFdA itself.
• Table 2 shows the rat PK data for coinpounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 following SC adininistration at 10 ing/kg equivalent dose of EFdA. The data are shown in graphic forin is shown in Figure 10.
• Table 3 shows the rat PK data for coinpounds 1 and 3 following SC adininistration at 10 ing/kg and 100 ing/kg equivalent dose of EFdA at high concentration forinulation. The data are shown in graphic forin in Figure 11.
• Prodrug 5 and EFdA were subjected to a single dose rhesus inacaque PK studies via subcutaneous route of adininistration with equivalent doses of 50 ing/kg of EFdA.
• the aqueous suspension forinulations were derived froin 0.25% CMC-Na and Q.1%/0.5% TWEEN-80 with equivalent concentration of 116 ing/inL and 319 ing/inL of EFdA for prodrug 5 and EFdA respectively.
• Prodrugs 5 exhibited plasina levels of EFdA above LLOQ for inore than a inonth with 24-fold lower C max than EFdA itself.
• Table 4 shows the Rhesus PK data for coinpounds 1 and 5 following SC adininistration at 50 ing/kg equivalent dose of EFdA at high concentration forinulation. The data are shown in graphic forin in Figure 12.

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