WO2021048947A1 - レーザ装置、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 - Google Patents
レーザ装置、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/102—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
- H01S3/1022—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the optical pumping
- H01S3/1024—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the optical pumping for pulse generation
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/097—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping by gas discharge of a gas laser
- H01S3/09702—Details of the driver electronics and electric discharge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094076—Pulsed or modulated pumping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10007—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers
- H01S3/10015—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers by monitoring or controlling, e.g. attenuating, the input signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1306—Stabilisation of the amplitude
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/131—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
- H01S3/134—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation in gas lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/02—Constructional details
- H01S3/03—Constructional details of gas laser discharge tubes
- H01S3/036—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired gas pressure within the tube, e.g. by gettering, replenishing; Means for circulating the gas, e.g. for equalising the pressure within the tube
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10038—Amplitude control
- H01S3/10046—Pulse repetition rate control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10069—Memorized or pre-programmed characteristics, e.g. look-up table [LUT]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/102—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
- H01S3/104—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation in gas lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/22—Gases
- H01S3/223—Gases the active gas being polyatomic, i.e. containing two or more atoms
- H01S3/225—Gases the active gas being polyatomic, i.e. containing two or more atoms comprising an excimer or exciplex
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a laser device and an electronic device.
- a KrF excimer laser device that outputs a laser beam having a wavelength of about 248 nm and an ArF excimer laser device that outputs a laser beam having a wavelength of about 193 nm are used.
- the spectral line width of the naturally oscillated light of the KrF excimer laser device and the ArF excimer laser device is as wide as 350 to 400 pm. Therefore, if the projection lens is made of a material that transmits ultraviolet rays such as KrF and ArF laser light, chromatic aberration may occur. As a result, the resolving power may decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to narrow the spectral line width of the laser beam output from the gas laser apparatus to a level where chromatic aberration can be ignored.
- the laser resonator of the gas laser apparatus is provided with a narrow band module (Line Narrow Module: LNM) including a narrow band element (Etalon, grating, etc.) in order to narrow the spectral line width.
- LNM Line Narrow Module
- the gas laser device in which the spectral line width is narrowed is referred to as a narrow band gas laser device.
- the laser device includes a first burst oscillation, a second burst oscillation performed after the first burst oscillation, and a second burst oscillation performed according to a voltage command value and a trigger signal input from an external device.
- a laser device that outputs pulsed laser light by performing burst oscillation multiple times, including a laser resonator, a chamber arranged in the optical path of the laser resonator, a pair of electrodes arranged in the chamber, and an electrode.
- a power supply that applies a voltage to the device, a storage unit that stores a voltage value such that the pulse energy of the pulsed laser beam becomes a predetermined value, and a control unit that sets the applied voltage value of the voltage applied to the electrodes.
- the applied voltage value for outputting a pulse whose pulse number is 1 or more and less than i is set based on the voltage command value and the voltage value stored in the storage unit, and the pulse number is i or more and less than j. It includes a control unit that sets an applied voltage value for outputting a pulse based on a voltage command value and an offset value with respect to the voltage command value.
- the method for manufacturing an electronic device is to generate pulsed laser light by a laser device, output the pulsed laser light to the exposure device, and to manufacture the electronic device on a photosensitive substrate in the exposure device. Includes exposure to pulsed laser light.
- the laser device performs a plurality of burst oscillations including a first burst oscillation and a second burst oscillation performed after the first burst oscillation according to a voltage command value and a trigger signal input from an external device.
- a laser device that outputs pulsed laser light by performing, a laser resonator, a chamber arranged in the optical path of the laser resonator, a pair of electrodes arranged in the chamber, and a power supply that applies a voltage to the electrodes.
- a storage unit that stores a voltage value such that the pulse energy of the pulsed laser beam becomes a predetermined value, and a control unit that sets the applied voltage value of the voltage applied to the electrodes.
- the applied voltage value for outputting a certain pulse is set based on the voltage command value and the voltage value stored in the storage unit, and the applied voltage for outputting the pulse whose pulse number is i or more and less than j.
- It is a laser apparatus including a control unit that sets a value based on a voltage command value and an offset value with respect to the voltage command value.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of a laser apparatus according to a comparative example.
- FIG. 2 is a pulse waveform diagram showing an example of a trigger signal Tr [n] output from the exposure device control unit to the switch via the laser control unit.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the transition of the pulse energy E [n] when burst oscillation is performed with the voltage command value HVcmd [n] as a constant value in the comparative example.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the transition of the pulse energy E [n] when the voltage command value HVcmd [n] is feedback-controlled in the comparative example.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of a laser apparatus according to a comparative example.
- FIG. 2 is a pulse waveform diagram showing an example of a trigger signal Tr [n] output from the exposure device control unit to the switch via the laser control unit.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the transition of the pulse energy E [n] when burst oscillation is performed with the voltage command value
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the configuration of the laser apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 conceptually shows the contents of the data table stored in the storage unit.
- FIG. 7 is a time chart schematically showing the operation of the laser control unit.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the processing of the laser control unit in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a parameter update process according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the applied voltage value HV [n] acquired for calculating the parameters GainHV and Const and the pulse energy E [n].
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a process of setting the applied voltage value HV [n] in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a process of setting the applied voltage value HV [n] in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a graph for explaining the principle of calculating the target pulse energy Et based on the voltage command value HVcmd [1].
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing control using the data table in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a graph for explaining the principle of setting the applied voltage value HV [n] based on the target pulse energy Et and the voltage value HVtbl [p, n].
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the control using the offset value Offset [n] in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the transition of the applied voltage value HV [n] in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a parameter update process according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the transition of the applied voltage value HV [n] acquired for calculating the total attenuation amount TD.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the control using the offset value Offset [n] in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing a first example of the transition of the applied voltage value HV [n] in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing a second example of the transition of the applied voltage value HV [n] in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing the control using the offset value Offset [n] in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a graph showing an example of the transition of the applied voltage value HV [n] in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing a process of setting the applied voltage value HV [n] in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing the transition of pulse energy E [n] when burst oscillation is performed at different repetition frequencies F with the applied voltage value HV [n] as a constant value.
- FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing the control when the pulse number n is larger than 1 and less than i in the control using the data table in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing the transition of the applied voltage value HVa [n] when the applied voltage value HV [n] is corrected so as to maintain the pulse energy E [n] at a constant value.
- FIG. 28 is a flowchart showing the control using the offset value Offset [n] in the first example of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a graph illustrating a process of correcting the total attenuation amount TD and the attenuation timing j in the first example.
- FIG. 30 is a flowchart showing the control using the offset value Offset [n] in the second example of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 31 is a graph illustrating a process of correcting the total attenuation amounts TDa and TDb and the attenuation timings g, h and j in the second example.
- FIG. 32 schematically shows the configuration of the exposure apparatus connected to the laser apparatus.
- Laser device according to the comparative example 1.1 Configuration 1.2 Operation 1.3 Issues of the comparative example 2.
- Laser device that adjusts the applied voltage 2.1 Configuration 2.2 Operation 2.2.1 Outline 2.2.2 Measurement of pulse energy E [n] 22.3
- Main routine 2.2.4 Parameter update (S1) 2.2.5 Setting of applied voltage value HV [n] (S2) 2.2.5.1 Control using data table (S27) 2.2.5.2 Control using offset value (S29) 2.3 Action 3.
- Laser device that attenuates the offset value by a fixed amount 3.1 Parameter update (S1) 3.2 Control using offset value (S29) 3.3 Action 4.
- Laser device that corrects the applied voltage value based on the repetition frequency 5.1 Setting of applied voltage value HV [n] (S2) 5.2 Control using data table (S28c) 5.3 Action 6. Laser device that corrects the total attenuation and attenuation timing based on the repetition frequency 6.1 First example 6.2 Second example 6.3 Action 7. Other
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of a laser device 1 according to a comparative example.
- the laser device 1 is used together with the exposure device 100 as an external device.
- the exposure device 100 includes an exposure device control unit 110.
- the laser device 1 includes a chamber 10, a charger 12, a pulse power module (PPM) 13, a narrow band module 14, an output coupling mirror 15, and a laser control unit 30.
- the narrow band module 14 and the output coupling mirror 15 form a laser cavity.
- the chamber 10 is arranged in the optical path of the laser resonator.
- the chamber 10 is provided with windows 10a and 10b.
- An opening is formed in a part of the chamber 10, and the opening is closed by the insulating member 29.
- a plurality of conductive members 29a are embedded in the insulating member 29.
- the chamber 10 contains a pair of electrodes 11a and 11b, a cross flow fan 21, and a laser gas as a laser medium.
- the laser medium is, for example, F 2 , ArF, KrF, XeCl, or XeF.
- the electrode 11a is supported by the insulating member 29.
- the electrode 11a is electrically connected to the pulse power module 13 via the conductive member 29a.
- the electrode 11b is supported by a return plate 10c located inside the chamber 10.
- the electrode 11b is connected to the ground potential via the return plate 10c. Between the chamber 10 and the return plate 10c, there is a gap (not shown) for the laser gas to pass between the depth side and the front side of the paper surface of FIG.
- the rotation shaft of the cross flow fan 21 is connected to a motor 22 arranged outside the chamber 10.
- the cross-flow fan 21 is configured to circulate the laser gas inside the chamber 10.
- the charger 12 holds the electrical energy to be supplied to the pulse power module 13.
- the pulse power module 13 includes a switch 13a.
- the charger 12 and the pulse power module 13 constitute the power supply according to the present disclosure.
- the narrow band module 14 includes wavelength selection elements such as a prism 14a and a grating 14b.
- the output coupling mirror 15 is composed of a partially reflective mirror.
- the laser control unit 30 is composed of a computer device including a CPU (central processing unit) 38 and a memory 39.
- the memory 39 stores programs and data necessary for information processing.
- the CPU 38 is configured to read various data and perform information processing according to a program stored in the memory 39.
- the exposure device control unit 110 transmits a voltage command value HVcmd [n] and a trigger signal Tr [n] to the laser control unit 30.
- the laser control unit 30 transmits a setting signal of the voltage command value HVcmd [n] to the charger 12 and transmits a trigger signal Tr [n] to the switch 13a.
- the switch 13a is turned on when the trigger signal Tr [n] is received from the laser control unit 30.
- the pulse power module 13 When the switch 13a is turned on, the pulse power module 13 generates a pulsed high voltage from the electric energy held in the charger 12. The pulse power module 13 applies this high voltage to the electrodes 11a and 11b.
- the light generated in the chamber 10 is emitted to the outside of the chamber 10 through the windows 10a and 10b.
- the light emitted from the window 10a has its beam width expanded by the prism 14a and enters the grating 14b.
- the light incident on the grating 14b from the prism 14a is reflected by the plurality of grooves of the grating 14b and diffracted in a direction corresponding to the wavelength of the light.
- the grating 14b is arranged in a retrow so that the incident angle of the light incident on the grating 14b from the prism 14a coincides with the diffraction angle of the diffracted light having a desired wavelength. As a result, light near the desired wavelength is returned to the chamber 10 via the prism 14a.
- the output coupling mirror 15 transmits a part of the light emitted from the window 10b and outputs the light, reflects the other part, and returns the light to the chamber 10.
- the light emitted from the chamber 10 reciprocates between the narrow band module 14 and the output coupling mirror 15.
- This light is amplified each time it passes through the discharge space between the pair of electrodes 11a and 11b. Further, this light is narrowed each time it is folded back by the narrowing module 14.
- the light oscillated by the laser and narrowed in band is output as pulsed laser light from the output coupling mirror 15.
- the pulsed laser light output from the laser device 1 is incident on the exposure device 100.
- the exposure device 100 includes an energy monitor (not shown), and the exposure device control unit 110 acquires the measurement result of the pulse energy E [n] of the pulsed laser beam from the energy monitor.
- the exposure apparatus control unit 110 sets the voltage command value HVcmd [n] by feedback control based on the measured pulse energy E [n] and the setting data of the target pulse energy Etcmd.
- FIG. 2 is a pulse waveform diagram showing an example of a trigger signal Tr [n] output from the exposure device control unit 110 to the switch 13a via the laser control unit 30.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 2 indicates the time T, and the vertical axis indicates the signal strength.
- the exposure device control unit 110 outputs a trigger signal Tr [n] at a repetition frequency F over a certain period of time. It is called "burst oscillation" that the laser apparatus 1 oscillates the laser in response to the trigger signal Tr [n] output at the repetition frequency F and outputs the pulsed laser light at the repetition frequency F.
- the exposure device control unit 110 outputs the trigger signal Tr [n] at the repetition frequency F, and then suspends the output of the trigger signal Tr [n]. After that, the exposure device control unit 110 again outputs the trigger signal Tr [n] at the repetition frequency F.
- the period during which the output of the trigger signal Tr [n] is suspended between the first burst oscillation and the subsequent second burst oscillation is referred to as a "pause period".
- the period during which the burst oscillation is performed corresponds to, for example, the period during which the exposure apparatus 100 exposes one exposure area of the semiconductor wafer.
- the rest period corresponds to, for example, a period in which the imaging position of the reticle pattern is moved from one exposure area to another in the exposure apparatus 100, or a period in which the semiconductor wafer is replaced.
- the pulsed laser light output from the laser device 1 in one burst oscillation includes a plurality of pulses corresponding to the trigger pulse of the trigger signal Tr [n].
- n be a pulse number indicating the order of the pulses among the plurality of pulses output from the laser device 1 in one burst oscillation.
- the pulse number n is defined so as to increase by 1 in the order of 1, 2, 3, ... From the first pulse of the burst oscillation for each burst oscillation.
- [n] is added to the end of the reference numerals for signals that are individually output for each pulse and data that are individually measured for each pulse. Further, when referring to a specific pulse in those signals or data, [1], [2], etc. may be added at the end of the code.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the transition of the pulse energy E [n] when burst oscillation is performed with the voltage command value HVcmd [n] as a constant value in the comparative example.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 3 indicates the pulse number n.
- the laser gain may decrease.
- the decrease in laser gain appears in FIG. 3 as a decrease in pulse energy E [n]. That is, even if the voltage command value HVcmd [n] is constant, the pulse energy E [n] may be high at the start of burst oscillation, and then the pulse energy E [n] may decrease.
- the pulse energy E [1] may be prominently high, and then the pulse energy E [n] may decrease sharply.
- the pulse energy E [n] may be stabilized once, and then the pulse energy E [n] may be further reduced.
- the laser gain may recover depending on the length of the pause period from the end of the first burst oscillation to the start of the second burst oscillation.
- the pulse energy E [n] is restored.
- the fluctuations of the laser gain and the pulse energy E [n] in the burst oscillation may depend on the characteristics of the laser apparatus 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the transition of the pulse energy E [n] when the voltage command value HVcmd [n] is feedback-controlled in the comparative example.
- the vertical axis is stretched from that in FIG. 3, and the fluctuation of the pulse energy E [n] is emphasized.
- the pulse energy E [n] becomes unstable especially immediately after the start of burst oscillation, which may adversely affect the exposure performance.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the configuration of the laser device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the laser device 1 further includes an energy monitor 17 and a storage unit 31.
- the energy monitor 17 includes a beam splitter 17a, a condenser lens 17b, and an optical sensor 17c.
- the beam splitter 17a is arranged in the optical path of the pulsed laser beam output from the output coupling mirror 15.
- the beam splitter 17a is configured to transmit a part of the pulsed laser light output from the output coupling mirror 15 toward the exposure apparatus 100 with a high transmittance and to reflect the other part.
- the condenser lens 17b and the optical sensor 17c are arranged in the optical path of the pulsed laser light reflected by the beam splitter 17a.
- the storage unit 31 is a storage device that stores a data table of the voltage value HVtbl [p, n].
- the storage unit 31 can read and write a data table by the laser control unit 30.
- FIG. 6 conceptually shows the contents of the data table stored in the storage unit 31.
- the rest period division p defined according to the length of the rest period is used.
- the rest period division p may be 4 or more.
- the period from one trigger pulse to the next trigger pulse is less than 20 ms, it is determined that burst oscillation is in progress instead of a pause period.
- the storage unit 31 sets a voltage value HVtbl [p, n] such that the pulse energy E [n] becomes a predetermined value Estd for the combination [p, n] of the pause period division p and the pulse number n.
- the predetermined value Estd is the pulse energy that serves as a reference for the process of setting the applied voltage value HV [n] in the present disclosure, and is, for example, 10 mJ.
- the data table includes the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] corresponding to the pulse number n immediately after the start of burst oscillation.
- the voltage value HVtbl [p, 1] when the pulse number n is 1, and the voltage value HVtbl [p, 2] when the pulse number n is 2 are included.
- the configuration of the first embodiment is similar to that of the comparative example.
- FIG. 7 is a time chart schematically showing the operation of the laser control unit 30. In FIG. 7, it is assumed that the time advances from the upper end to the lower side. The timing of receiving the voltage command value HVcmd [n] and the trigger signal Tr [n] from the exposure device control unit 110 is also shown. The laser control unit 30 performs the following processing according to the value of the pulse number n. Reference numerals starting with S in FIG. 7 and the following description indicate corresponding step numbers in the flowchart described later.
- the laser control unit 30 measures the length of the pause period in the pause period (S22). The laser control unit 30 determines the division p according to the length of the rest period. The laser control unit 30 receives the voltage command value HVcmd [1] from the exposure device control unit 110. The laser control unit 30 calculates the target pulse energy Et based on the voltage command value HVcmd [1] (S25). The processing of S22 and S25 will be described later with reference to FIG. Since the laser control unit 30 has not received the target pulse energy Etcmd set by the exposure device control unit 110, the laser control unit 30 uses the target pulse energy Etcm calculated based on the voltage command value HVcmd [1] as follows. Perform processing.
- the laser control unit 30 searches the data table based on the combination [p, 1] of the pause period division p and the pulse number n, and the voltage value HVtbl such that the pulse energy E [n] becomes a predetermined value Estd. Read [p, 1].
- the laser control unit 30 sets the applied voltage value HV [1] based on the target pulse energy Et and the voltage value HVtbl [p, 1] (S271). The processing of S271 will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the laser control unit 30 transmits a setting signal of the applied voltage value HV [1] to the charger 12.
- the laser control unit 30 does not set the voltage command value HVcmd [1] as it is as the applied voltage value, but uses the voltage value HVtbl [p, 1] read from the data table to apply the voltage value HV [1]. 1] is set. After setting the applied voltage value HV [1], the laser control unit 30 receives the trigger signal Tr [1] from the exposure device control unit 110 and transmits the trigger signal Tr [1] to the switch 13a.
- n 2
- the laser control unit 30 searches the data table based on the combination [p, 2] of the pause period division p and the pulse number n, and the voltage value HVtbl such that the pulse energy E [n] becomes a predetermined value Estd. Read [p, 2].
- the laser control unit 30 sets the applied voltage value HV [2] based on the target pulse energy Et and the voltage value HVtbl [p, 2] (S271).
- the laser control unit 30 transmits a setting signal of the applied voltage value HV [2] to the charger 12.
- the laser control unit 30 After setting the applied voltage value HV [2], the laser control unit 30 receives the trigger signal Tr [2] from the exposure device control unit 110 and transmits the trigger signal Tr [2] to the switch 13a. After setting the applied voltage value HV [2], the laser control unit 30 calculates the difference Dif between the voltage command value HVcmd [2] received from the exposure device control unit 110 and the applied voltage value HV [2] (S279). ). The processing of S279 will be described later with reference to FIG. Either the transmission / reception of the trigger signal Tr [2] or the calculation of the difference Dif may be performed first.
- the laser control unit 30 calculates the offset value Offset [3] based on the difference Dif (S292).
- the offset value Offset [3] is, for example, the same value as the difference Dif.
- the laser control unit 30 sets the applied voltage value HV [3] by adding the offset value Offset [3] to the voltage command value HVcmd [3] received from the exposure device control unit 110 (S293).
- the laser control unit 30 transmits a setting signal of the applied voltage value HV [3] to the charger 12.
- the processing of the laser control unit 30 when the pulse number n is 4 is the same as the above-mentioned processing when the pulse number n is 3.
- the laser control unit 30 calculates the offset value Offset [4] based on the difference Dif (S292), and adds the offset value Offset [4] to the voltage command value HVcmd [4] to obtain the applied voltage value HV [4]. ] Is set (S293).
- the processing of the laser control unit 30 when the pulse number n is 5 or more is the same as the above-mentioned processing when the pulse number n is 3. That is, when the pulse number n is 3 or more, the laser control unit 30 sets the applied voltage value HV [n] based on the voltage command value HVcmd [n] and the offset value Offset [n].
- the condenser lens 17b included in the energy monitor 17 focuses the pulsed laser light reflected by the beam splitter 17a on the optical sensor 17c.
- the optical sensor 17c transmits an electric signal corresponding to the pulse energy E [n] of the pulsed laser light focused by the condenser lens 17b to the laser control unit 30.
- the pulse energy E [n] measured using the energy monitor 17 is used to update the parameters GainHV and Const for calculating the target pulse energy Et. This will be described later as the process of S12 of FIG. Further, the pulse energy E [n] measured by using the energy monitor 17 is used to update the data table. This will be described later as the process of S277 in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the processing of the laser control unit 30 in the first embodiment.
- the laser control unit 30 repeats the following two processes.
- Parameter update S1 Setting of applied voltage value HV [n] (S2) Each process will be described below.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a parameter update process according to the first embodiment. The process shown in FIG. 9 is the subroutine of S1 in FIG.
- the laser control unit 30 determines whether or not to update the parameters GainHV and Const for calculating the target pulse energy Et.
- the laser control unit 30 determines that the parameters GainHV and Const are updated when the trigger signal Tr [n] received from the exposure device control unit 110 indicates the oscillation pattern of the calibration oscillation.
- the laser control unit 30 determines that the parameters GainHV and Const are not updated when the trigger signal Tr [n] received from the exposure device control unit 110 indicates the oscillation pattern of the semiconductor exposure.
- the calibration oscillation is a laser oscillation performed by the exposure apparatus control unit 110 to acquire parameters for feedback control based on the target pulse energy Etcmd. Calibration oscillation is performed, for example, every time a semiconductor wafer is replaced.
- the laser control unit 30 When updating the parameters GainHV and Const (S11: YES), the laser control unit 30 proceeds to S12. In S12, the laser control unit 30 calculates and updates the parameters GainHV and Const based on the relationship between the applied voltage value HV [n] at the time of calibration oscillation and the measured pulse energy E [n].
- the applied voltage value HV [n] at the time of calibration oscillation is the same value as the voltage command value HVcmd [n] received from the exposure apparatus control unit 110.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the applied voltage value HV [n] acquired for calculating the parameters GainHV and Const and the pulse energy E [n].
- the pulse energy E [n] is measured for each of the plurality of applied voltage values HV [n] that are different from each other, and an approximate straight line is calculated from the relationship between the applied voltage value HV [n] and the pulse energy E [n].
- the approximate straight line is expressed by the following equation.
- E [n] HV [n] x A + B
- the value of A is set as a new value of the parameter GainHV
- the value of B is set as a new value of the parameter Const.
- the laser control unit 30 ends the processing of the flowchart shown in FIG. 9, and is shown in FIG. Return to the process.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a process of setting the applied voltage value HV [n] in the first embodiment. The process shown in FIG. 11 is the subroutine of S2 in FIG.
- the laser control unit 30 determines whether or not it is in the pause period based on the signal from the exposure device control unit 110. When the laser control unit 30 determines that the pause period is in progress (S21: YES), the laser control unit 30 proceeds to S22. When the laser control unit 30 determines that it is not in the pause period (S21: NO), the laser control unit 30 proceeds to the process in S23.
- the laser control unit 30 measures the length of the rest period. After S22, the laser control unit 30 returns to S21. The laser control unit 30 repeats the processes of S21 and S22 until it is determined that the pause period is not in progress, and measures the length of the pause period.
- the laser control unit 30 receives the voltage command value HVcmd [n] from the exposure device control unit 110.
- the laser control unit 30 determines whether or not the pulse number n is 1. When the pulse number n is 1 (S24: YES), the laser control unit 30 proceeds to S25. When the pulse number n is not 1 (S24: NO), the laser control unit 30 proceeds to S26 for processing.
- the laser control unit 30 calculates the target pulse energy Et based on the voltage command value HVcmd [1].
- the laser control unit 30 determines whether or not the pulse number n is less than i.
- i is an integer larger than 1, and corresponds to the pulse number n at the time of starting the control using the offset value Offset [n].
- i is 3.
- the laser control unit 30 proceeds to S27.
- the laser control unit 30 proceeds to S29.
- the laser control unit 30 performs control using the data table.
- the control using the data table will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the laser control unit 30 performs control using the offset value Offset [n].
- the control using the offset value Offset [n] will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the laser control unit 30 ends the processing of the flowchart shown in FIG. 11 and returns to the processing shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing control using the data table in the first embodiment. The process shown in FIG. 13 is the subroutine of S27 in FIG.
- the laser control unit 30 reads out the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] from the data table based on the combination [p, n] of the pause period division p and the pulse number n. Then, the laser control unit 30 sets the applied voltage value HV [n] based on the target pulse energy Et and the voltage value HVtbl [p, n].
- FIG. 14 is a graph for explaining the principle of setting the applied voltage value HV [n] based on the target pulse energy Et and the voltage value HVtbl [p, n].
- the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] read out based on the combination [p, n] of the pause period division p and the pulse number n is a voltage such that the pulse energy E [n] becomes a predetermined value Estd.
- the value is a voltage such that the pulse energy E [n] becomes a predetermined value Estd.
- the relationship between the applied voltage value HV [n] and the pulse energy E [n] can be represented by an approximate straight line having the parameter GainHV as the slope.
- the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] corresponding to the predetermined value Estd can be converted into the applied voltage value HV [n] corresponding to the target pulse energy Et by the following equation using the parameter GainHV.
- HV [n] HVtbl [p, n] + (Et-Estd) / GainHV
- the laser control unit 30 determines whether or not the trigger signal Tr [n] has been received from the exposure device control unit 110. When the trigger signal Tr [n] is not received (S274: NO), the laser control unit 30 waits until the trigger signal Tr [n] is received. When the trigger signal Tr [n] is received (S274: YES), the laser control unit 30 proceeds to S275.
- the laser control unit 30 outputs the trigger signal Tr [n] to the pulse power module 13. As a result, the pulse laser light is output from the laser device 1, and the pulse energy E [n] of the pulse laser light is measured by the energy monitor 17. In S276, the laser control unit 30 receives the measurement data of the pulse energy E [n] from the energy monitor 17.
- the laser control unit 30 updates the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] in the data table based on the difference between the pulse energy E [n] and the target pulse energy Et.
- the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] in the data table is calculated by the following formula.
- HVtbl [p, n] HV [n] + (Et-E [n]) ⁇ GainCont / GainHV -(Et-Estd) / GainHV
- GainCont is a proportional gain greater than 0 and less than 2.
- (Et-E [n]) ⁇ GainCont / GainHV corresponds to the manipulated variable by proportional control. Further, by subtracting (Et-Estd) / GainHV, it is converted into a voltage value HVtbl [p, n] such that the pulse energy E [n] becomes a predetermined value Estd.
- the proportional gain GainCont may have a different value depending on the pulse number n. For example, when the proportional gain when the pulse number n is 1 is GainCont [1] and the proportional gain when the pulse number n is 2 is GainCont [2], the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] in the data table is set. ] May be calculated by the following formula.
- HVtbl [p, 1] HV [1] + (Et-E [1]) x GainCont [1] / GainHV -(Et-Estd) / GainHV
- HVtbl [p, 2] HV [2] + (Et-E [2]) x GainCont [2] / GainHV -(Et-Estd) / GainHV
- the data table may be updated for combinations other than the specific combination [p, n] of the pause period division p and the pulse number n. For example, when the pulse energy E [1] when the pulse number n is 1 is acquired, not only the voltage value HVtbl [p, 1] is updated, but also the voltage value HVtbl [p, 2] is updated. May be done.
- a smaller proportional gain GainCont may be used than when updating the data table for the specific combination [p, n].
- the update of the data table may be performed after the pulse having the pulse number n of 1 is output and before the pulse having the pulse number n of 2 is output.
- the applied voltage value HV [n] when the pulse number n is 2 can be set according to the measurement result of the pulse energy E [n] when the pulse number n is 1.
- the data table may be updated not only during burst oscillation, but also after exchanging a part of the gas inside the chamber 10 or after adjusting the gas concentration.
- the laser control unit 30 determines whether or not the pulse number n is i-1.
- the pulse when the pulse number n is i-1 is the last pulse among the pulses controlled by using the data table (S27).
- the pulse number n is i-1 (S278: YES)
- the laser control unit 30 proceeds to S279 for processing.
- the laser control unit 30 ends the processing of the flowchart shown in FIG. 13 and returns to the processing shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the control using the offset value Offset [n] in the first embodiment. The process shown in FIG. 15 is the subroutine of S29 in FIG.
- the laser control unit 30 calculates the offset value Offset [n] by the following formula.
- Offset [n] Diff That is, in the process of FIG. 15, the offset value Offset [n] is set to a constant value regardless of the value of the pulse number n.
- the laser control unit 30 sets the applied voltage value HV [n] by the following equation based on the voltage command value HVcmd [n] and the offset value Offset [n].
- HV [n] HVcmd [n] + Offset [n]
- the pulse number n is in the range of i or more and less than j.
- j is an integer larger than i, and is, for example, a number obtained by adding 1 to the number of pulses of one burst oscillation.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the transition of the applied voltage value HV [n] in the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 16 indicates the pulse number n.
- the applied voltage value HV [n] is set by the control (S27) using the data table.
- the voltage command value HVcmd [n] after the case where the pulse number n is 2 is also shown.
- the difference Dif between the applied voltage value HV [2] and the voltage command value HVcmd [2] when the pulse number n is 2 is calculated.
- the difference Dif is a negative number.
- the offset value Offset [n] is set to the same value as the difference Dif.
- the applied voltage value HV [n] is set by adding the offset value Offset [n] to the voltage command value HVcmd [n].
- the voltage command value HVcmd [n] is feedback-controlled by the exposure apparatus control unit 110 so that the pulse energy E [n] is maintained at a value near the target pulse energy Etcmd.
- the voltage command value HVcmd [n] increases accordingly.
- the pulse energy E [n] can be maintained at a value near the target pulse energy Etcmd by feedback control by the exposure apparatus control unit 110.
- the laser control unit 30 determines whether or not the trigger signal Tr [n] has been received from the exposure device control unit 110. When the trigger signal Tr [n] is not received (S294: NO), the laser control unit 30 waits until the trigger signal Tr [n] is received. When the trigger signal Tr [n] is received (S294: YES), the laser control unit 30 proceeds to S295.
- the laser control unit 30 outputs the trigger signal Tr [n] to the pulse power module 13. As a result, the pulsed laser beam is output from the laser device 1.
- the laser control unit 30 ends the processing of the flowchart shown in FIG. 15 and returns to the processing shown in FIG.
- the applied voltage value is based on the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] read from the data table.
- HV [n] is set (S271 in FIG. 13).
- the applied voltage value HV [n] is set based on the offset value Offset [n] during the period when the pulse number n is i or more (S292, S293 in FIG. 15). ..
- the applied voltage value HV [n] is suppressed from suddenly fluctuating and is stable.
- the pulse energy E [n] can be obtained.
- the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] is stored in the data table in association with the combination of the pause period division p and the pulse number n. Then, the corresponding voltage value HVtbl [p, n] is read out from this data table (S271 in FIG. 13). As a result, an appropriate applied voltage value HV [n] can be finely set according to the pause period division p and the pulse number n.
- the target pulse energy Et is calculated based on the voltage command value HVcmd [1] received from the exposure device control unit 110 (S25 in FIG. 11). Then, the applied voltage value HV [n] is calculated based on the target pulse energy Et and the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] read from the data table (S271 in FIG. 13). According to this, even if the target pulse energy Etcmd set by the exposure apparatus control unit 110 is not received, the pulse energy E [n] close to the target pulse energy Etcmd can be obtained.
- the parameters GainHV and Const for calculating the target pulse energy Et based on the voltage command value HVcmd [1] are calculated based on the measurement data at the time of calibration oscillation. (S12 in FIG. 9).
- the laser control unit 30 can acquire the parameters under the same conditions as the exposure device control unit 110 acquires the parameters.
- the data table is updated based on the difference between the measured value of the pulse energy E [n] and the target pulse energy Et (S277 in FIG. 13). According to this, even if the characteristics of the laser apparatus 1 fluctuate, an appropriate applied voltage value HV [n] can be set.
- the data table is updated after the pulse having the pulse number n of 1 is output and before the pulse having the pulse number n is being output (FIG. 13). S277). As a result, it is possible to quickly follow the fluctuation of the characteristics of the laser apparatus 1 and set an appropriate applied voltage value HV [n].
- the offset is based on the difference Dif between the voltage command value HVcmd [n] for outputting the pulse whose pulse number n is i-1 and the applied voltage value HV [n].
- the value Offset [n] is calculated (S279 in FIG. 13, S292 in FIG. 15). As a result, a large fluctuation in the pulse energy E [n] can be suppressed at the time of transition from the control using the data table (S27) to the control using the offset value Offset [n] (S29).
- a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 21 of a laser device that attenuates an offset value by a fixed amount.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the offset value Offset [n] is not a constant value and is attenuated during burst oscillation.
- a period in which the pulse number n is greater than or equal to i and less than j is defined as an attenuation period, and the offset value Offset [n] is attenuated over this attenuation period.
- j is an integer larger than i.
- the configuration of the laser apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment is the same as the configuration of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a parameter update process according to the second embodiment.
- the main routine in the second embodiment is the same as the main routine in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the process shown in FIG. 17 is the subroutine of S1 in FIG.
- S11 and S12 in FIG. 17 are the same as the processing corresponding in FIG. In FIG. 17, when the parameters GainHV and Const are not updated (S11: NO), or after S12, the laser control unit 30 proceeds to S13a.
- the laser control unit 30 determines whether or not to update the total attenuation amount TD.
- the laser control unit 30 determines that the total attenuation amount TD is updated when the trigger signal Tr [n] received from the exposure device control unit 110 indicates the oscillation pattern of the calibration oscillation.
- the laser control unit 30 determines that the total attenuation TD is not updated when the trigger signal Tr [n] received from the exposure device control unit 110 indicates the oscillation pattern of the semiconductor exposure. Further, the laser control unit 30 may determine that the total attenuation TD is updated even after exchanging a part of the gas inside the chamber 10 or adjusting the gas concentration.
- the laser control unit 30 When updating the total attenuation amount TD (S13a: YES), the laser control unit 30 proceeds to S14a. In S14a, the laser control unit 30 measures the drift amount Drift (x) of the applied voltage value HV [n] at the time of calibration oscillation. The laser control unit 30 calculates the total attenuation amount TD based on the measured drift amount Drift (x), and updates the total attenuation amount TD.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the transition of the applied voltage value HV [n] acquired to calculate the total attenuation TD.
- the laser gain may decrease during burst oscillation due to the characteristics of the laser device 1.
- the laser control unit 30 measures the increase width of the applied voltage value HV [n] from the time when the pulse number n is i to the end of the burst oscillation as the drift amount Drift (x).
- the laser control unit 30 further calculates the total attenuation amount TD based on the drift amount Drift (x).
- the total attenuation TD is calculated by the following formula.
- TD Sum (Drift (x-9: x)) / 10
- Sum (Drift (x-9: x)) is the total value of the measurement results of the drift amount Drift (x) for the past 10 times.
- the total attenuation TD corresponds to the moving average value of the drift amount Drift (x) for the past 10 times.
- the laser control unit 30 ends the processing of the flowchart shown in FIG. 17 and returns to the processing shown in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the control using the offset value Offset [n] in the second embodiment.
- the process of setting the applied voltage value HV [n] in the second embodiment is the same as the process of the first embodiment except for the control using the offset value Offset [n].
- the process shown in FIG. 19 is the subroutine of S29 in FIG.
- the laser control unit 30 calculates the offset value Offset [n] that attenuates with the increase of the pulse number n by the following formula.
- Offset [n] Dif-TD x (in) / (j-i)
- ji obtained by subtracting i from j has a value corresponding to the length of the decay period.
- the pulse number n is a value close to i, so TD ⁇ (in) / (ji) is a value close to 0. Therefore, the offset value Offset [n] is a value close to the difference Dif.
- the pulse number n is a value close to j, so TD ⁇ (in) / (ji) is a value close to ⁇ TD. Therefore, the offset value Offset [n] is a value close to the sum of the difference Dif and the total attenuation TD. Dividing the total attenuation TD by j-i gives the attenuation per pulse.
- the processing after S293 is the same as the corresponding processing in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. In other respects, the operation of the second embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing a first example of the transition of the applied voltage value HV [n] in the second embodiment.
- the offset value Offset [n] calculated by S292a in FIG. 19 is attenuated by a constant amount of attenuation as the pulse number n increases from a value close to Dif to a value close to Dif + TD.
- the voltage command value is compared with the change in the laser gain during burst oscillation.
- the change of HVcmd [n] can be moderated. As a result, stable pulse energy E [n] can be obtained.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing a second example of the transition of the applied voltage value HV [n] in the second embodiment.
- the offset value Offset [n] calculated in FIG. 21 is the same as the offset value Offset [n] calculated in FIG. 20.
- the difference between FIGS. 21 and 20 is the change in the laser gain of the laser device 1.
- the laser gain changes by a substantially constant amount during the period from the pulse number i to the pulse number j.
- the change in the voltage command value HVcmd [n] in the second embodiment is more gradual when the laser gain changes as shown in FIG. 21 than when the laser gain changes as shown in FIG. become. As a result, stable pulse energy E [n] can be obtained.
- the total attenuation TD of the offset value Offset [n] is calculated based on the drift amount Drift (x) of the applied voltage value HV [n] (S14a in FIG. 17). .. According to this, since the offset value Offset [n] is attenuated so as to compensate for the drift amount Drift (x), the change of the voltage command value HVcmd [n] can be moderated.
- the total attenuation amount TD is calculated based on the drift amount Drift (x) at the time of calibration oscillation (S14a in FIG. 17). According to this, the total attenuation amount TD can be updated every time the semiconductor wafer is replaced, and the applied voltage value HV [n] suitable for the latest laser characteristics can be set.
- a laser device that changes the amount of attenuation of the offset value A third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 22 to 23.
- the third embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that the amount of attenuation of the offset value Offset [n] is not constant and changes during burst oscillation.
- the configuration of the laser apparatus 1 according to the third embodiment is the same as the configuration of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing the control using the offset value Offset [n] in the third embodiment.
- the processing of the laser control unit 30 in the third embodiment is the same as the processing in the second embodiment except for the control using the offset value Offset [n].
- the process shown in FIG. 22 is the subroutine in S29 of FIG.
- a plurality of attenuation periods having different attenuation amounts are set.
- the plurality of decay periods include a first decay period and a second decay period.
- the pulse number n in the first attenuation period is in the following range. i ⁇ n ⁇ g
- g is an integer larger than i and less than or equal to j.
- the pulse number n between the first attenuation period and the second attenuation period is in the following range. g ⁇ n ⁇ h
- h is an integer greater than or equal to g and less than or equal to j.
- the pulse number n in the second attenuation period is in the following range.
- the decay period is defined by g, h, and j described above. In the following description, g, h, and j are referred to as decay timings.
- the attenuation timings g, h, and j can be set by detecting the timing at which the applied voltage value changes in the calibration oscillation. If there is no period during which the amount of attenuation becomes 0 between the first attenuation period and the second attenuation period, g is set to a value equal to h. If there is no second decay period, h is set to a value equal to j. If there is no period after the first attenuation period in which the amount of attenuation becomes 0 and there is no second attenuation period, g and h are set to values equal to j.
- the laser control unit 30 calculates the offset value Offset [n] that attenuates with the increase of the pulse number n by the following formula.
- TDa is the total amount of attenuation in the first attenuation period.
- the total attenuation TDa is calculated based on the drift amount Drift (x) within a certain period of time, as described with reference to FIG.
- the attenuation Ra per pulse in the first attenuation period is obtained by dividing the total attenuation TDa by gi.
- Ra TDa / (gi)
- Second decay period (h ⁇ n ⁇ j) Offset [n] Dif + TDa-TDb ⁇ (hn) / (jh)
- TDb is the total amount of attenuation in the second attenuation period.
- the total attenuation TDb is calculated based on the drift amount Drift (x) within a certain period of time, as described with reference to FIG.
- the attenuation Rb per pulse in the second attenuation period is obtained by dividing the total attenuation TDb by j-h.
- Rb TDb / (j-h)
- Rm ⁇ Rb ⁇ Ra Ra corresponds to the first value in the present disclosure
- Rm corresponds to the second value in the present disclosure
- Rb corresponds to the third value in the present disclosure.
- the processing after S293 is the same as the corresponding processing in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a graph showing an example of the transition of the applied voltage value HV [n] in the third embodiment.
- the offset value Offset [n] calculated by S292b in FIG. 22 is attenuated by the respective attenuation amounts in the first attenuation period (i ⁇ n ⁇ g) and the second attenuation period (h ⁇ n ⁇ j).
- the offset value Offset [n] can be attenuated according to the change characteristic of the laser gain. Therefore, the change in the voltage command value HVcmd [n] can be made more gradual than the change in the laser gain during burst oscillation. As a result, stable pulse energy E [n] can be obtained.
- a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 24 to 27, which are laser devices that correct the applied voltage value based on the repetition frequency.
- the fourth embodiment is different from the first to third embodiments in that the applied voltage value HV [n] is corrected based on the repetition frequency F of the pulsed laser beam in the control using the data table.
- the configuration of the laser apparatus 1 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing a process of setting the applied voltage value HV [n] in the fourth embodiment.
- the main routine in the fourth embodiment is the same as the main routine in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the process shown in FIG. 24 is the subroutine of S2 in FIG.
- the process shown in FIG. 24 differs from the first to third embodiments in that the control using the data table includes two types of processes, S27 and S28c. Other points are the same as the processing described with reference to FIG.
- the applied voltage value HV [n] is set by S27 via S25.
- the process of S27 is the same as the corresponding process in FIG.
- the pulse number n is greater than 1 and less than i
- the process proceeds to S28c.
- the applied voltage value HV [n] is calculated, and the applied voltage value HV [n] is corrected based on the repetition frequency F.
- the laser control unit 30 ends the processing of the flowchart shown in FIG. 24 and returns to the processing shown in FIG.
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing the transition of pulse energy E [n] when burst oscillation is performed at different repetition frequencies F with the applied voltage value HV [n] as a constant value.
- FIG. 25 shows only the pulse energy E [n] immediately after the start of burst oscillation.
- the laser gain of the laser apparatus 1 may decrease as the repetition frequency F increases.
- the pulse energy E [1] of the pulse having the pulse number n of 1 does not depend on the repetition frequency F, but the pulse energy E [n] of the pulse having the pulse number n of 2 or more may depend on the repetition frequency F. Therefore, when the pulse number n is greater than 1 and less than i, the applied voltage value HV [n] is corrected in S28c.
- FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing the control when the pulse number n is larger than 1 and less than i in the control using the data table in the fourth embodiment.
- the process shown in FIG. 26 is the subroutine of S28c in FIG. 24.
- the process of setting the applied voltage value HV [n] in S271 is the same as the corresponding process described with reference to FIG.
- the laser control unit 30 sets the applied voltage value HVa [n] corrected based on the repetition frequency F by the following equation.
- HVa [n] HV [n] ⁇ (1 + coef ⁇ (F-Fstd) / Fstd)
- Fstd is a reference frequency, for example, 4 kHz.
- the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] of the data table stored in the storage unit 31 is set to a value such that the pulse energy E [n] becomes a predetermined value Estd in the burst oscillation at the reference frequency Fstd.
- coef is a weighting coefficient obtained by dividing the difference between the repetition frequency F and the reference frequency Fstd by the reference frequency Fstd and multiplying the value (F—Fstd) / Fstd.
- the repetition frequency F is notified from the exposure device control unit 110 to the laser control unit 30, the above correction is performed using the repetition frequency F.
- the repetition frequency F is calculated based on the time difference between the trigger signal Tr [1] and the trigger signal Tr [2], and the above correction is performed.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing the transition of the applied voltage value HVa [n] when the applied voltage value HV [n] is corrected so as to maintain the pulse energy E [n] at a constant value.
- FIG. 27 shows only the applied voltage value HVa [n] immediately after the start of burst oscillation.
- the laser gain of the laser apparatus 1 is less likely to decrease when the repetition frequency F is 3 kHz than when the repetition frequency F is 4 kHz. Therefore, when the repetition frequency F is 3 kHz, the applied voltage value HVa [n] when the pulse number n is 2 or more is corrected to be lower than when the repetition frequency F is 4 kHz. As a result, the pulse energy E [n] can be brought close to a desired value.
- the laser control unit 30 updates the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] in the data table based on the difference between the pulse energy E [n] and the target pulse energy Et.
- the voltage value HVtbl [p, n] in the data table is calculated by the following formula in consideration of the correction based on the repetition frequency F.
- HVtbl [p, n] (HVa [n] + (Et-E [n]) ⁇ GainCont / GainHV) / (1 + coef ⁇ (F-Fstd) / Fstd)-(Et-Estd) / GainHV
- the processing of S278 to S279 is the same as the corresponding processing described with reference to FIG. In other respects, the operation of the fourth embodiment is the same as that of the first to third embodiments.
- a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 28 to 31 of a laser device that corrects the total attenuation amount and the attenuation timing based on the repetition frequency.
- the fifth embodiment is the fifth embodiment in that in the control using the offset value Offset [n], the total attenuation amount TD and the attenuation timing j of the offset value Offset [n] are corrected based on the repetition frequency F of the pulsed laser beam. It is different from the first to fourth embodiments.
- the configuration of the laser apparatus 1 according to the fifth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the main routine in the fifth embodiment is the same as the main routine in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the process of calculating the total attenuation amount TD is performed. Since the process of calculating the total attenuation amount TD is the same as the process of FIG. 17, the description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 28 is a flowchart showing control using the offset value Offset [n] in the first example of the fifth embodiment.
- the process of setting the applied voltage value HV [n] in the first example is the same as the process of the first to fourth embodiments except for the control using the offset value Offset [n].
- the process shown in FIG. 28 is the subroutine in S29 of FIG. Alternatively, the process shown in FIG. 28 is the subroutine in S29 of FIG. 24.
- the laser control unit 30 corrects the total attenuation amount TD and the attenuation timing j of the offset value Offset [n] by the following equation, and calculates the corrected total attenuation amount TDm and the attenuation timing jm.
- the correction based on the repetition frequency F may be accompanied by a weighting using a coefficient.
- FIG. 29 is a graph illustrating a process of correcting the total attenuation amount TD and the attenuation timing j in the first example.
- the change in the laser gain during the burst oscillation may be the same as the change in the laser gain in FIG.
- the total attenuation amount TD and the attenuation timing j are set so as to match the change in the laser gain when the repetition frequency F is 4 kHz.
- the attenuation timing j can be set by detecting the timing at which the applied voltage value HV [n] changes in the calibration oscillation.
- the total attenuation TD can be calculated based on the drift amount Drift (x) of the applied voltage value HV [n] in the calibration oscillation.
- the corrected total attenuation TDm and attenuation timing jm are calculated according to the above equation. Specifically, it is as follows.
- TD1 and j1 are the corrected total attenuation amount and attenuation timing when the repetition frequency F is 3 kHz, respectively.
- TD2 and j2 are the corrected total attenuation amount and attenuation timing when the repetition frequency F is 2 kHz, respectively.
- FIG. 30 is a flowchart showing control using the offset value Offset [n] in the second example of the fifth embodiment.
- the process of setting the applied voltage value HV [n] is the same as the process of the first to fourth embodiments except for the control using the offset value Offset [n].
- the process shown in FIG. 30 is the subroutine in S29 of FIG.
- the process shown in FIG. 30 is the subroutine in S29 of FIG. 24.
- the laser control unit 30 corrects the total attenuation TDa, TDb and the attenuation timings g, h, j of the offset value Offset [n] by the following equations, and the corrected total attenuation TDam, TDbm and the attenuation timing. Calculate gm, hm, and jm.
- TDam TDa ⁇ F / Fstd
- TDbm TDb ⁇ F / Fstd
- the correction based on the repetition frequency F may be accompanied by a weighting using a coefficient.
- FIG. 31 is a graph illustrating a process of correcting the total attenuation amounts TDa and TDb and the attenuation timings g, h and j in the second example.
- the change in laser gain during burst oscillation may be the same as the change in laser gain in FIG. 23.
- the total attenuation amounts TDa, TDb and attenuation timings g, h, and j are set so as to match the change in laser gain when the repetition frequency F is 4 kHz.
- the attenuation timings g, h, and j can be set by detecting the timing at which the applied voltage value HV [n] changes in the calibration oscillation.
- the total attenuation amounts TDa and TDb can be calculated based on the drift amount Drift (x) of the applied voltage value HV [n] in the calibration oscillation.
- the corrected total attenuation TDam, TDbm and attenuation timing gm, hm, jm are calculated according to the above equation. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the processing of S292e and S293e is the same as the processing of S292b and S293 of FIG. 22, respectively.
- the processing of S294 and S295 is the same as the processing of S294 and S295 of FIG. 22, respectively.
- the operation of the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the first to fourth embodiments.
- FIG. 32 schematically shows the configuration of the exposure device 100 connected to the laser device 1.
- the laser device 1 generates pulsed laser light and outputs it to the exposure device 100.
- the exposure apparatus 100 includes an illumination optical system 40 and a projection optical system 41.
- the illumination optical system 40 illuminates a reticle pattern of a reticle (not shown) arranged on the reticle stage RT by a pulsed laser beam incident from the laser device 1.
- the projection optical system 41 reduces-projects the pulsed laser beam transmitted through the reticle and forms an image on a workpiece (not shown) arranged on the workpiece table WT.
- the workpiece is a photosensitive substrate such as a semiconductor wafer coated with a photoresist.
- the exposure apparatus 100 exposes the workpiece to a pulsed laser beam reflecting the reticle pattern by moving the reticle stage RT and the workpiece table WT in parallel in synchronization with each other. After transferring the reticle pattern to the semiconductor wafer by the exposure process as described above, the semiconductor device can be manufactured by going through a plurality of steps.
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Abstract
Description
1.比較例に係るレーザ装置
1.1 構成
1.2 動作
1.3 比較例の課題
2.印加電圧の調整を行うレーザ装置
2.1 構成
2.2 動作
2.2.1 概略
2.2.2 パルスエネルギーE[n]の計測
2.2.3 メインルーチン
2.2.4 パラメータの更新(S1)
2.2.5 印加電圧値HV[n]の設定(S2)
2.2.5.1 データテーブルを用いた制御(S27)
2.2.5.2 オフセット値を用いた制御(S29)
2.3 作用
3.オフセット値を一定量ずつ減衰させるレーザ装置
3.1 パラメータの更新(S1)
3.2 オフセット値を用いた制御(S29)
3.3 作用
4.オフセット値の減衰量を変化させるレーザ装置
4.1 オフセット値を用いた制御(S29)
4.2 作用
5.繰返し周波数に基づいて印加電圧値を補正するレーザ装置
5.1 印加電圧値HV[n]の設定(S2)
5.2 データテーブルを用いた制御(S28c)
5.3 作用
6.繰返し周波数に基づいて合計減衰量及び減衰タイミングを補正するレーザ装置
6.1 第1の例
6.2 第2の例
6.3 作用
7.その他
1.1 構成
図1は、比較例に係るレーザ装置1の構成を概略的に示す。レーザ装置1は、外部装置としての露光装置100と共に使用される。露光装置100は、露光装置制御部110を含んでいる。
露光装置制御部110は、レーザ制御部30に対して、電圧指令値HVcmd[n]及びトリガ信号Tr[n]を送信する。レーザ制御部30は、充電器12に電圧指令値HVcmd[n]の設定信号を送信し、スイッチ13aにトリガ信号Tr[n]を送信する。
図3は、比較例において電圧指令値HVcmd[n]を一定値としてバースト発振を行った場合のパルスエネルギーE[n]の推移を示すグラフである。図3の横軸はパルス番号nを示す。バースト発振において高い繰返し周波数でパルスレーザ光を出力すると、レーザゲインが減少する場合がある。レーザゲインの減少は、図3においてパルスエネルギーE[n]の低下として現れている。すなわち、電圧指令値HVcmd[n]が一定であっても、バースト発振の開始時にはパルスエネルギーE[n]が高く、その後パルスエネルギーE[n]が低下することがある。また、パルス番号nが1である場合のパルスエネルギーE[1]が突出して高く、その後パルスエネルギーE[n]が急激に低下することがある。バースト発振の途中には、パルスエネルギーE[n]が一旦安定し、その後、さらにパルスエネルギーE[n]が低下することもある。
2.1 構成
図5は、第1の実施形態に係るレーザ装置1の構成を概略的に示す。第1の実施形態において、レーザ装置1は、エネルギーモニタ17と、記憶部31と、をさらに含む。
p=1: 休止期間が20ms以上、50ms未満
p=2: 休止期間が50ms以上、80ms未満
p=3: 休止期間が80ms以上、100ms未満
1つのトリガパルスから次のトリガパルスまでの期間が20ms未満である場合、休止期間ではなくバースト発振中であると判断される。
他の点については、第1の実施形態の構成は比較例の構成と同様である。
2.2.1 概略
図7は、レーザ制御部30の動作を概略的に示すタイムチャートである。図7において、上端から下方に向かって時間が進むものとする。露光装置制御部110から電圧指令値HVcmd[n]及びトリガ信号Tr[n]をそれぞれ受信するタイミングも併せて示されている。レーザ制御部30は、パルス番号nの値に応じて以下の処理を行う。図7及び以下の説明においてSで始まる符号は、後述のフローチャートにおいて対応するステップ番号を示す。
レーザ制御部30は、休止期間において、休止期間の長さを計測する(S22)。レーザ制御部30は、休止期間の長さに応じて区分pを決定する。
レーザ制御部30は、露光装置制御部110から電圧指令値HVcmd[1]を受信する。レーザ制御部30は、電圧指令値HVcmd[1]に基づいて目標パルスエネルギーEtを算出する(S25)。S22及びS25の処理については図11を参照しながら後述する。レーザ制御部30は、露光装置制御部110が設定している目標パルスエネルギーEtcmdを受信していないため、電圧指令値HVcmd[1]に基づいて算出された目標パルスエネルギーEtを用いて、以下の処理を行う。
印加電圧値HV[1]を設定した後、レーザ制御部30は、露光装置制御部110からトリガ信号Tr[1]を受信し、スイッチ13aにトリガ信号Tr[1]を送信する。
パルス番号nが2である場合、休止期間の区分pは既に決定されており、目標パルスエネルギーEtは既に算出されている。レーザ制御部30は、休止期間の区分pとパルス番号nとの組合せ[p,2]に基づいてデータテーブルを検索し、パルスエネルギーE[n]が所定の値Estdとなるような電圧値HVtbl[p,2]を読み出す。レーザ制御部30は、目標パルスエネルギーEt及び電圧値HVtbl[p,2]に基づいて、印加電圧値HV[2]を設定する(S271)。レーザ制御部30は、充電器12に印加電圧値HV[2]の設定信号を送信する。
印加電圧値HV[2]を設定した後、レーザ制御部30は、露光装置制御部110から受信した電圧指令値HVcmd[2]と印加電圧値HV[2]との差Difを算出する(S279)。S279の処理については図13を参照しながら後述する。トリガ信号Tr[2]の受送信と、差Difの算出とはどちらが先に行われてもよい。
パルス番号nが3である場合、レーザ制御部30は、差Difに基づいてオフセット値Offset[3]を算出する(S292)。オフセット値Offset[3]は、例えば、差Difと同じ値である。レーザ制御部30は、露光装置制御部110から受信した電圧指令値HVcmd[3]にオフセット値Offset[3]を加算することにより、印加電圧値HV[3]を設定する(S293)。レーザ制御部30は、充電器12に印加電圧値HV[3]の設定信号を送信する。S292及びS293の処理については図15を参照しながら後述する。
図5を再び参照すると、エネルギーモニタ17に含まれる集光レンズ17bは、ビームスプリッタ17aによって反射されたパルスレーザ光を光センサ17cに集束させる。光センサ17cは、集光レンズ17bによって集束させられたパルスレーザ光のパルスエネルギーE[n]に応じた電気信号をレーザ制御部30に送信する。
また、エネルギーモニタ17を用いて計測されたパルスエネルギーE[n]は、データテーブルを更新するために用いられる。これについては図13のS277の処理として後述する。
図8は、第1の実施形態におけるレーザ制御部30の処理を示すフローチャートである。レーザ制御部30は、以下の2つの処理を繰り返し行う。
パラメータの更新(S1)
印加電圧値HV[n]の設定(S2)
以下に、それぞれの処理について説明する。
図9は、第1の実施形態におけるパラメータの更新の処理を示すフローチャートである。図9に示される処理は、図8のS1のサブルーチンである。
S12において、レーザ制御部30は、キャリブレーション発振時の印加電圧値HV[n]と計測されたパルスエネルギーE[n]との関係に基づいて、パラメータGainHV及びConstを算出して更新する。キャリブレーション発振時の印加電圧値HV[n]は、露光装置制御部110から受信した電圧指令値HVcmd[n]と同じ値である。
E[n]=HV[n]×A+B
このとき、Aの値がパラメータGainHVの新たな値として設定され、Bの値がパラメータConstの新たな値として設定される。
図11は、第1の実施形態における印加電圧値HV[n]の設定の処理を示すフローチャートである。図11に示される処理は、図8のS2のサブルーチンである。
図12は、電圧指令値HVcmd[1]に基づいて目標パルスエネルギーEtを算出する原理を説明するグラフである。図10を参照しながら説明したように、印加電圧値HV[n]とパルスエネルギーE[n]とが以下の関係を有することがキャリブレーション発振時の計測結果から得られている。
E[n]=HV[n]×GainHV+Const
Et=HVcmd[1]×GainHV+Const
S29において、レーザ制御部30は、オフセット値Offset[n]を用いた制御を行う。オフセット値Offset[n]を用いた制御については、図15を参照しながら後述する。
S27又はS29の後、レーザ制御部30は図11に示されるフローチャートの処理を終了し、図8に示される処理に戻る。
図13は、第1の実施形態におけるデータテーブルを用いた制御を示すフローチャートである。図13に示される処理は、図11のS27のサブルーチンである。
HV[n]=HVtbl[p,n]+(Et-Estd)/GainHV
S276において、レーザ制御部30は、エネルギーモニタ17からパルスエネルギーE[n]の計測データを受信する。
HVtbl[p,n]
= HV[n]+(Et-E[n])×GainCont/GainHV
-(Et-Estd)/GainHV
ここで、GainContは、0より大きく2より小さい比例ゲインである。(Et-E[n])×GainCont/GainHVは、比例制御による操作量に相当する。さらに(Et-Estd)/GainHVを減算することにより、パルスエネルギーE[n]が所定の値Estdとなるような電圧値HVtbl[p,n]に換算される。
= HV[1]+(Et-E[1])×GainCont[1]/GainHV
-(Et-Estd)/GainHV
= HV[2]+(Et-E[2])×GainCont[2]/GainHV
-(Et-Estd)/GainHV
Dif=HV[n]-HVcmd[n]
差Difは、図15のS292において用いられる。
図15は、第1の実施形態におけるオフセット値Offset[n]を用いた制御を示すフローチャートである。図15に示される処理は、図11のS29のサブルーチンである。
Offset[n]=Dif
すなわち、図15の処理においてオフセット値Offset[n]はパルス番号nの値に関わらず一定値とされる。
HV[n]=HVcmd[n]+Offset[n]
但し、パルス番号nはi以上j未満の範囲である。ここで、jはiより大きい整数であり、例えば、1回のバースト発振のパルス数に1を加算して得られた数である。
S295の後、レーザ制御部30は図15に示されるフローチャートの処理を終了し、図11に示される処理に戻る。
(1)第1の実施形態によれば、パルス番号nがi未満であるバースト開始直後の期間では、データテーブルから読み出される電圧値HVtbl[p,n]に基づいて印加電圧値HV[n]が設定される(図13のS271)。これにより、バースト開始直後の期間に電圧指令値HVcmd[n]が変動したとしても、レーザ装置1の特性に応じて適切な印加電圧値HV[n]を設定できる。
図17~図21を用いて第2の実施形態について説明する。第2の実施形態は、オフセット値Offset[n]が一定値ではなく、バースト発振中に減衰する点で第1の実施形態と異なる。第2の実施形態においては、パルス番号nがi以上j未満である期間が減衰期間と定義され、この減衰期間にわたって、オフセット値Offset[n]が減衰する。ここで、jはiより大きい整数である。第2の実施形態に係るレーザ装置1の構成は、図5を参照しながら説明した第1の実施形態の構成と同様である。
図17は、第2の実施形態におけるパラメータの更新の処理を示すフローチャートである。第2の実施形態におけるメインルーチンは、図8を参照しながら説明した第1の実施形態におけるメインルーチンと同様である。図17に示される処理は、図8のS1のサブルーチンである。
S14aにおいて、レーザ制御部30は、キャリブレーション発振時の印加電圧値HV[n]のドリフト量Drift(x)を計測する。レーザ制御部30は、計測されたドリフト量Drift(x)に基づいて合計減衰量TDを算出し、合計減衰量TDを更新する。
TD=Sum(Drift(x-9:x))/10
ここで、Sum(Drift(x-9:x))は、過去10回分のドリフト量Drift(x)の計測結果の合計値である。合計減衰量TDは、過去10回分のドリフト量Drift(x)の移動平均値に相当する。
図19は、第2の実施形態におけるオフセット値Offset[n]を用いた制御を示すフローチャートである。第2の実施形態において印加電圧値HV[n]を設定する処理は、オフセット値Offset[n]を用いた制御以外は、第1の実施形態の処理と同様である。図19に示される処理は、図11のS29のサブルーチンである。
Offset[n]=Dif-TD×(i-n)/(j-i)
ここで、jからiを減算することによって得られるj-iは、減衰期間の長さに対応した値となる。減衰期間の開始直後においてはパルス番号nがiに近い値であるので、TD×(i-n)/(j-i)は0に近い値となる。従ってオフセット値Offset[n]は、差Difに近い値となる。減衰期間の終了直前においてはパルス番号nがjに近い値であるので、TD×(i-n)/(j-i)は-TDに近い値となる。従ってオフセット値Offset[n]は、差Difと合計減衰量TDとの和に近い値となる。合計減衰量TDをj-iで除算すると、1パルスあたりの減衰量が得られる。
S293以降の処理は、図15を参照しながら説明した第1の実施形態において対応する処理と同様である。
他の点については、第2の実施形態の動作は第1の実施形態と同様である。
図20は、第2の実施形態における印加電圧値HV[n]の推移の第1の例を示すグラフである。図19のS292aによって算出されるオフセット値Offset[n]は、Difに近い値からDif+TDに近い値まで、パルス番号nの増加に伴って一定の減衰量ずつ減衰する。これによれば、図18を参照しながら説明したドリフト量Drift(x)を補償するようにオフセット値Offset[n]が減衰するので、バースト発振中におけるレーザゲインの変化に比べて、電圧指令値HVcmd[n]の変化を緩やかにすることができる。これにより、安定したパルスエネルギーE[n]を得ることができる。
図22~図23を用いて第3の実施形態について説明する。第3の実施形態は、オフセット値Offset[n]の減衰量が一定ではなく、バースト発振中に変化する点で第2の実施形態と異なる。第3の実施形態に係るレーザ装置1の構成は、図5を参照しながら説明した第1の実施形態の構成と同様である。
図22は、第3の実施形態におけるオフセット値Offset[n]を用いた制御を示すフローチャートである。第3の実施形態におけるレーザ制御部30の処理は、オフセット値Offset[n]を用いた制御以外は、第2の実施形態の処理と同様である。図22に示される処理は、図11のS29のサブルーチンである。
(1)第1の減衰期間のパルス番号nは以下の範囲とする。
i≦n<g
ここでgはiより大きくj以下の整数である。
(2)第1の減衰期間と第2の減衰期間の間のパルス番号nは以下の範囲とする。
g≦n<h
ここでhはg以上j以下の整数である。
(3)第2の減衰期間のパルス番号nは以下の範囲とする。
h≦n<j
上述のg、h、及びjによって減衰期間が規定される。以下の説明では、g、h、及びjを減衰タイミングと称する。減衰タイミングg、h、及びjは、キャリブレーション発振において印加電圧値が変化するタイミングを検出することによって設定することができる。なお、第1の減衰期間と第2の減衰期間の間に減衰量が0となる期間が存在しない場合には、gはhと等しい値に設定される。第2の減衰期間が存在しない場合には、hはjと等しい値に設定される。第1の減衰期間の後に減衰量が0となる期間が存在せず、第2の減衰期間も存在しない場合には、g及びhはjと等しい値に設定される。
Offset[n]=Dif-TDa×(i-n)/(g-i)
ここで、TDaは第1の減衰期間における合計減衰量である。合計減衰量TDaは、図18を参照しながら説明したのと同様に、一定期間内におけるドリフト量Drift(x)に基づいて算出される。第1の減衰期間における1パルスあたりの減衰量Raは、合計減衰量TDaをg-iで除算して得られる。
Ra=TDa/(g-i)
Offset[n]=Dif+TDa
この期間における合計減衰量は0であり、1パルスあたりの減衰量Rmも0である。
Offset[n]=Dif+TDa-TDb×(h-n)/(j-h)
ここで、TDbは第2の減衰期間における合計減衰量である。合計減衰量TDbは、図18を参照しながら説明したのと同様に、一定期間内におけるドリフト量Drift(x)に基づいて算出される。第2の減衰期間における1パルスあたりの減衰量Rbは、合計減衰量TDbをj-hで除算して得られる。
Rb=TDb/(j-h)
Rm<Rb<Ra
Raは本開示における第1の値に相当し、Rmは本開示における第2の値に相当し、Rbは本開示における第3の値に相当する。
図23は、第3の実施形態における印加電圧値HV[n]の推移の例を示すグラフである。図22のS292bによって算出されるオフセット値Offset[n]は、第1の減衰期間(i≦n<g)及び第2の減衰期間(h≦n<j)においてそれぞれの減衰量で減衰する。このようにパルス番号nの増加に伴って減衰量を変化させることにより、レーザゲインの変化特性に合わせてオフセット値Offset[n]を減衰させることができる。従って、バースト発振中におけるレーザゲインの変化に比べて電圧指令値HVcmd[n]の変化をさらに緩やかにすることができる。これにより、安定したパルスエネルギーE[n]を得ることができる。
図24~図27を用いて第4の実施形態について説明する。第4の実施形態は、データテーブルを用いた制御において、パルスレーザ光の繰返し周波数Fに基づいて印加電圧値HV[n]を補正する点で第1~第3の実施形態と異なる。第4の実施形態に係るレーザ装置1の構成は、図5を参照しながら説明した第1の実施形態の構成と同様である。
図24は、第4の実施形態における印加電圧値HV[n]の設定の処理を示すフローチャートである。第4の実施形態におけるメインルーチンは、図8を参照しながら説明した第1の実施形態におけるメインルーチンと同様である。図24に示される処理は、図8のS2のサブルーチンである。図24に示される処理は、データテーブルを用いた制御がS27とS28cとの2通りの処理を含む点で第1~第3の実施形態と異なる。他の点については図11を参照しながら説明した処理と同様である。
パルス番号nが1より大きくi未満である場合には、S26においてパルス番号nがi未満であると判定され(S26:YES)、S28cに移行する。S28cにおいては、印加電圧値HV[n]が算出されるとともに、印加電圧値HV[n]が繰返し周波数Fに基づいて補正される。S28cの後、レーザ制御部30は図24に示されるフローチャートの処理を終了し、図8に示される処理に戻る。
図26は、第4の実施形態におけるデータテーブルを用いた制御のうちのパルス番号nが1より大きくi未満である場合の制御を示すフローチャートである。図26に示される処理は、図24のS28cのサブルーチンである。
S271において印加電圧値HV[n]を設定する処理は、図13を参照しながら説明した対応する処理と同様である。
HVa[n]=HV[n]×(1+coef×(F-Fstd)/Fstd)
ここで、Fstdは基準周波数であり、例えば4kHzである。記憶部31に記憶されたデータテーブルの電圧値HVtbl[p,n]は、基準周波数Fstdでのバースト発振においてパルスエネルギーE[n]が所定の値Estdとなるような値に設定されている。また、coefは、繰返し周波数Fと基準周波数Fstdとの差分を基準周波数Fstdで除算して得られた値(F-Fstd)/Fstdに乗算される重みづけ係数である。
HVtbl[p,n]
=(HVa[n]+(Et-E[n])×GainCont/GainHV)/(1+coef×(F-Fstd)/Fstd)-(Et-Estd)/GainHV
S278~S279の処理は、図13を参照しながら説明した対応する処理と同様である。
他の点については、第4の実施形態の動作は第1~第3の実施形態と同様である。
第4の実施形態によれば、繰返し周波数Fに応じて別個にデータテーブルの電圧値HVtbl[p,n]を記憶していなくても、繰返し周波数Fに応じて適切な印加電圧値HVa[n]を設定することができる。
図28~図31を用いて第5の実施形態について説明する。第5の実施形態は、オフセット値Offset[n]を用いた制御において、パルスレーザ光の繰返し周波数Fに基づいてオフセット値Offset[n]の合計減衰量TD及び減衰タイミングjを補正する点で第1~第4の実施形態と異なる。第5の実施形態に係るレーザ装置1の構成は、図5を参照しながら説明した第1の実施形態の構成と同様である。また、第5の実施形態におけるメインルーチンは、図8を参照しながら説明した第1の実施形態におけるメインルーチンと同様である。但し、第5の実施形態においては、合計減衰量TDを算出する処理が行われる。合計減衰量TDを算出する処理については図17の処理と同様であるので説明を省略する。
図28は、第5の実施形態の第1の例におけるオフセット値Offset[n]を用いた制御を示すフローチャートである。第1の例において印加電圧値HV[n]を設定する処理は、オフセット値Offset[n]を用いた制御以外は、第1~第4の実施形態の処理と同様である。図28に示される処理は、図11のS29のサブルーチンである。あるいは、図28に示される処理は、図24のS29のサブルーチンである。
TDm=TD×F/Fstd
jm=j×F/Fstd
繰返し周波数Fに基づく補正は、係数を用いた重みづけを伴ってもよい。
TD1=TD×3/4
j1=j×3/4
TD2=TD×2/4
j2=j×2/4
TD1及びj1は、それぞれ、繰返し周波数Fが3kHzである場合の補正された合計減衰量及び減衰タイミングである。TD2及びj2は、それぞれ、繰返し周波数Fが2kHzである場合の補正された合計減衰量及び減衰タイミングである。
以上のように計算することにより、レーザ装置1の特性に応じた適切なオフセット値Offset[n]を算出することができる。
S294及びS295の処理は、それぞれ図19のS294及びS295の処理と同様である。
図30は、第5の実施形態の第2の例におけるオフセット値Offset[n]を用いた制御を示すフローチャートである。第2の例において印加電圧値HV[n]を設定する処理は、オフセット値Offset[n]を用いた制御以外は、第1~第4の実施形態の処理と同様である。図30に示される処理は、図11のS29のサブルーチンである。あるいは、図30に示される処理は、図24のS29のサブルーチンである。
TDam=TDa×F/Fstd
TDbm=TDb×F/Fstd
gm=g×F/Fstd
hm=h×F/Fstd
jm=j×F/Fstd
繰返し周波数Fに基づく補正は、係数を用いた重みづけを伴ってもよい。
TDa1=TDa×3/4
TDb1=TDb×3/4
g1=g×3/4
h1=h×3/4
j1=j×3/4
TDa2=TDa×2/4
TDb2=TDb×2/4
g2=g×2/4
h2=h×2/4
j2=j×2/4
TDa1及びTDb1は、繰返し周波数Fが3kHzである場合の補正された合計減衰量である。また、g1、h1、及びj1は、繰返し周波数Fが3kHzである場合の補正された減衰タイミングである。
TDa2及びTDb2は、繰返し周波数Fが2kHzである場合の補正された合計減衰量である。また、g2、h2、及びj2は、繰返し周波数Fが2kHzである場合の補正された減衰タイミングである。
以上のように計算することにより、レーザ装置1の特性に応じた適切なオフセット値Offset[n]を算出することができる。
S294及びS295の処理は、それぞれ図22のS294及びS295の処理と同様である。
他の点については、第5の実施形態の動作は第1~第4の実施形態と同様である。
第5の実施形態によれば、繰返し周波数Fに応じて別個に合計減衰量TD及び減衰タイミングjを記憶していなくても、繰返し周波数Fに応じて適切な印加電圧値HVa[n]を設定することができる。
図32は、レーザ装置1に接続された露光装置100の構成を概略的に示す。レーザ装置1はパルスレーザ光を生成して露光装置100に出力する。
図32において、露光装置100は、照明光学系40と投影光学系41とを含む。照明光学系40は、レーザ装置1から入射したパルスレーザ光によって、レチクルステージRT上に配置された図示しないレチクルのレチクルパターンを照明する。投影光学系41は、レチクルを透過したパルスレーザ光を、縮小投影してワークピーステーブルWT上に配置された図示しないワークピースに結像させる。ワークピースはフォトレジストが塗布された半導体ウエハ等の感光基板である。露光装置100は、レチクルステージRTとワークピーステーブルWTとを同期して平行移動させることにより、レチクルパターンを反映したパルスレーザ光をワークピースに露光する。以上のような露光工程によって半導体ウエハにレチクルパターンを転写後、複数の工程を経ることで半導体デバイスを製造することができる。
Claims (20)
- 外部装置から入力される電圧指令値及びトリガ信号に従って、第1のバースト発振と、前記第1のバースト発振の次に行われる第2のバースト発振と、を含む複数回のバースト発振を行ってパルスレーザ光を出力するレーザ装置であって、
レーザ共振器と、
前記レーザ共振器の光路に配置されたチャンバと、
前記チャンバに配置された一対の電極と、
前記電極に電圧を印加する電源と、
前記パルスレーザ光のパルスエネルギーが所定の値となるような電圧値を記憶した記憶部と、
前記電極に印加される電圧の印加電圧値を設定する制御部であって、
iを1より大きい整数とし、jをiより大きい整数とし、前記複数回のバースト発振のうちの1回のバースト発振において出力される前記パルスレーザ光に含まれる複数のパルスのうちのパルスの順番を示すパルス番号が1以上i未満であるパルスを出力するための前記印加電圧値を、前記電圧指令値と、前記記憶部に記憶された電圧値と、に基づいて設定し、
前記パルス番号がi以上j未満であるパルスを出力するための前記印加電圧値を、前記電圧指令値と、前記電圧指令値に対するオフセット値と、に基づいて設定する前記制御部と、
を備えるレーザ装置。 - 請求項1記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記記憶部は、前記第1のバースト発振が終了した時から前記第2のバースト発振が開始される時までの休止期間の長さと前記パルス番号との組合せに対して、前記パルスレーザ光のパルスエネルギーが前記所定の値となるような電圧値を対応付けたデータテーブルを記憶しており、
前記制御部は、前記パルス番号が1以上i未満であるパルスを出力するための前記印加電圧値を、前記データテーブルから前記休止期間の長さと前記パルス番号とに基づいて読み出される前記電圧値に基づいて設定する、レーザ装置。 - 請求項1記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、
前記電圧指令値に基づいて目標パルスエネルギーを算出し、
前記パルス番号が1以上i未満であるパルスを出力するための前記印加電圧値を、前記目標パルスエネルギーと、前記記憶部に記憶された前記電圧値と、に基づいて設定する、レーザ装置。 - 請求項3記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記電圧指令値に基づいて前記目標パルスエネルギーを算出するためのパラメータを、キャリブレーション発振時の計測データに基づいて算出する、レーザ装置。 - 請求項3記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記パルスレーザ光のパルスエネルギーを計測するエネルギーモニタ
をさらに備え、
前記制御部は、前記パルスレーザ光のパルスエネルギーと前記目標パルスエネルギーとの差に基づいて、前記記憶部に記憶された電圧値を更新する処理を行う、レーザ装置。 - 請求項5記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記パルス番号が1であるパルスが出力された後、前記パルス番号が2であるパルスが出力される前に、前記処理を行う、レーザ装置。 - 請求項1記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記パルス番号がi-1であるパルスを出力するための前記電圧指令値と前記パルス番号がi-1であるパルスを出力するための前記印加電圧値との差に基づいて前記オフセット値を算出する、レーザ装置。 - 請求項1記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記パルス番号がi以上j未満であるパルスを出力するための前記オフセット値を一定値とする、レーザ装置。 - 請求項1記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記パルス番号がi以上j未満であるパルスを出力するための前記オフセット値を、前記パルス番号の増加に伴って減衰する値とする、レーザ装置。 - 請求項1記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記パルス番号がi以上j未満であるパルスを出力するための前記オフセット値を、前記パルス番号の増加に伴って一定の減衰量ずつ減衰する値とする、レーザ装置。 - 請求項1記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、
前記印加電圧値のドリフト量に基づいて前記オフセット値の合計減衰量を算出し、
前記合計減衰量に基づいて、前記オフセット値が前記パルス番号の増加に伴って減衰するように前記オフセット値を算出する、レーザ装置。 - 請求項11記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、キャリブレーション発振時の前記ドリフト量に基づいて前記合計減衰量を算出する、レーザ装置。 - 請求項1記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記パルス番号がi以上j未満であるパルスを出力するための前記オフセット値を、前記パルス番号の増加に伴って減衰量を変化させて得られた値とする、レーザ装置。 - 請求項1記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、gをiより大きくj以下の整数とし、hをg以上j以下の整数とし、前記パルス番号がi以上g未満であるパルスを出力するための前記オフセット値の減衰量を第1の値とし、前記パルス番号がg以上h未満であるパルスを出力するための前記オフセット値の減衰量を前記第1の値より小さい第2の値として前記オフセット値を算出する、レーザ装置。 - 請求項14記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記パルス番号がh以上j未満であるパルスを出力するための前記オフセット値の減衰量を前記第1の値より小さく前記第2の値より大きい第3の値として前記オフセット値を算出する、レーザ装置。 - 請求項1記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記パルス番号が1より大きくi未満であるパルスを出力するために、前記パルスレーザ光の繰返し周波数に基づいて補正された前記印加電圧値を設定する、レーザ装置。 - 請求項16記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記パルスレーザ光の繰返し周波数が小さい方が前記印加電圧値が低くなるように補正された前記印加電圧値を設定する、レーザ装置。 - 請求項1記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、
前記印加電圧値のドリフト量に基づいて前記オフセット値の合計減衰量を算出し、
前記パルスレーザ光の繰返し周波数に基づいて前記合計減衰量を補正し、
補正された前記合計減衰量に基づいて、前記オフセット値が前記パルス番号の増加に伴って減衰するように前記オフセット値を算出する、レーザ装置。 - 請求項1記載のレーザ装置であって、
前記制御部は、
前記印加電圧値の変化に基づいて減衰タイミングを設定し、
前記パルスレーザ光の繰返し周波数に基づいて前記減衰タイミングを補正し、
補正された前記減衰タイミングに基づいて、前記オフセット値が前記パルス番号の増加に伴って減衰するように前記オフセット値を算出する、レーザ装置。 - 電子デバイスの製造方法であって、
レーザ装置によってパルスレーザ光を生成し、
前記パルスレーザ光を露光装置に出力し、
電子デバイスを製造するために、前記露光装置内で感光基板上に前記パルスレーザ光を露光する
ことを含み、
前記レーザ装置は、
外部装置から入力される電圧指令値及びトリガ信号に従って、第1のバースト発振と、前記第1のバースト発振の次に行われる第2のバースト発振と、を含む複数回のバースト発振を行ってパルスレーザ光を出力するレーザ装置であって、
レーザ共振器と、
前記レーザ共振器の光路に配置されたチャンバと、
前記チャンバに配置された一対の電極と、
前記電極に電圧を印加する電源と、
前記パルスレーザ光のパルスエネルギーが所定の値となるような電圧値を記憶した記憶部と、
前記電極に印加される電圧の印加電圧値を設定する制御部であって、
iを1より大きい整数とし、jをiより大きい整数とし、前記複数回のバースト発振のうちの1回のバースト発振において出力される前記パルスレーザ光に含まれる複数のパルスのうちのパルスの順番を示すパルス番号が1以上i未満であるパルスを出力するための前記印加電圧値を、前記電圧指令値と、前記記憶部に記憶された電圧値と、に基づいて設定し、
前記パルス番号がi以上j未満であるパルスを出力するための前記印加電圧値を、前記電圧指令値と、前記電圧指令値に対するオフセット値と、に基づいて設定する前記制御部と、
を備えるレーザ装置である、
電子デバイスの製造方法。
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| PCT/JP2019/035662 WO2021048947A1 (ja) | 2019-09-11 | 2019-09-11 | レーザ装置、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
| JP2021545028A JP7416811B2 (ja) | 2019-09-11 | 2019-09-11 | レーザ装置、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
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| WO2016084263A1 (ja) | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-02 | ギガフォトン株式会社 | 狭帯域化レーザ装置 |
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| JPH11191651A (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 1999-07-13 | Komatsu Ltd | エキシマレーザ装置のエネルギー制御装置 |
| US20010050939A1 (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2001-12-13 | Ujazdowski Richard C. | Gas discharge laser with blade-dielectric electrode |
| US20180006428A1 (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2018-01-04 | Alcatel Lucent | Transient wavelength drift reduction in semiconductor lasers |
| WO2017134745A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-10 | ギガフォトン株式会社 | 狭帯域化レーザ装置 |
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| JP7416811B2 (ja) | 2024-01-17 |
| CN114207959B (zh) | 2025-03-21 |
| US20220158408A1 (en) | 2022-05-19 |
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