WO2021045937A1 - Formulation de mousse - Google Patents
Formulation de mousse Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021045937A1 WO2021045937A1 PCT/US2020/047866 US2020047866W WO2021045937A1 WO 2021045937 A1 WO2021045937 A1 WO 2021045937A1 US 2020047866 W US2020047866 W US 2020047866W WO 2021045937 A1 WO2021045937 A1 WO 2021045937A1
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- formulation
- foam
- phenol
- alcohol ethoxylate
- free secondary
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/125—Water, e.g. hydrated salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/302—Water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/34—Carboxylic acids; Esters thereof with monohydroxyl compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09D175/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/021—Aerosols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0025—Foam properties rigid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
- C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/10—Water or water-releasing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
- C08J2375/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
Definitions
- the present invention is related to a sprayable polyurethane (PU) foam-forming formulation; and more specifically, the present invention is related to a sprayable water- blown low-density PU foam-forming formulation containing a surfactant composition including at least one phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; and a rigid PU foam made from the sprayable water-blown low-density PU foam- forming formulation.
- PU polyurethane
- Polyurethane (PU) foam-forming formulations are well known in the art.
- the PU foam-forming formulations are reactive mixtures including a mixture of an isocyanate component (commonly referred to as the isocyanate-side component or the “A- side” component) and an isocyanate-reactive component such as a polyol component (commonly referred to as the polyol-side component or the “B-side” component) with a blend of other compounds such as catalysts, blowing agents, surfactants, flame retardants, and other additives.
- an isocyanate component commonly referred to as the isocyanate-side component or the “A- side” component
- an isocyanate-reactive component such as a polyol component (commonly referred to as the polyol-side component or the “B-side” component)
- other compounds such as catalysts, blowing agents, surfactants, flame retardants, and other additives.
- Some of the known PU foam-forming formulations are used to prepare an open-cell water blown low density PU rigid foam for rigid foam applications. However, it is not common to use known PU foam-forming formulations in spray applications.
- the polyol component (or B-side component) usually contains water as a blowing agent.
- the content of the water is often > 8 wt %, normally from 9.5 wt % to 22 wt %.
- compatibility between water and other ingredients such as polyols, amine catalysts, silicone surfactants and flame retardants is often a problem.
- the mixing efficiency of the polyol-side component with the isocyanate-side component tends to be very low (i.e., not at an optimum level). In particular, the mixing efficiency is low at the point of spraying the mixture of components with, for example, a spray gun used to spray the components.
- compatibilizers such as surfactants are often used to aid in optimizing the mixing efficiency of the isocyanate-side (A-side component) and the polyol-side (B-side component). It would be desirable to develop a surfactant composition that can be used as a compatibilizer for a high-water (e.g., > 8 wt % water) system to inhibit phase separation between polyol components and water.
- nonyl phenol ethoxylate such as commercially available TERGITOLTM NP9 (having an ethylene oxide (EO) content of from 8 mol to 10 mol EO), is a known surfactant used as a compatibilizer agent for PU foam formulations.
- the nonyl phenol ethoxylate surfactant is considered to be toxic and environmentally undesirable, particularly when the surfactant is to be in contact with water systems.
- the probability of the surfactant contacting humans is quite high, particularly when the surfactant is incorporated into a sprayable foam system being applied by an operator using a spray applicator, for example, at a construction site.
- the use of nonyl phenol ethoxylate on a global basis is decreasing. It would be desirous to provide a surfactant system that is non-toxic and that still provides an efficient compatibilizing affect when used as a compatibilizer agent in a sprayable PU foam formulation.
- an important ingredient for a PU-based foam-forming formulation for making a sprayable foam-forming formulation would include a non-toxic or less toxic surfactant.
- a non-toxic or less toxic surfactant such as sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium
- JP06110431B2 discloses an emulsifier formulation, which does not contain an NPE; and JP06110431B2 discloses contacting an isocyanate component with a mixture comprising polyol, water, catalyst and an alkyl alcohol ethoxylate-based emulsifier having a specific average hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of from 10 to 15.
- the emulsifier (surfactant) taught in JP06110431B2 is useful as a sprayable water polyurethane foam for space-filling; and has the following chemical structure:
- a surfactant compound is required to be stable (i.e., no formation of crystallization occurs) in the polyol mixture at a wider temperature range, for example, from 3 °C to 50 °C.
- linear alkyl primary alcohol ethoxylates disclosed in the above reference have limited compatibility in the disclosed polyol system having a high water content (e.g., a water content of > 8 wt %); and thus, the resulting polyol mixture tends to be hazy, and the components in the polyol mixture tend to separate within a short period of time (e.g. ⁇ 24 hours). It would be desirous to provide a surfactant system that solves the above stability and compatibility issues.
- JP2005075860A discloses manufacturing a lightweight open-cell hard (rigid) polyurethane foam having a high dimensional stability (e.g., no significant shrinkage of the foam occurs).
- the hard foam is manufactured using water as a blowing agent and a storage-stable polyol composition.
- JP2005075860A suggests using monol as a surfactant additive in a hard foam-forming system because the monol ingredient exhibits better compatibility than other additives.
- the monol compound described in JP2005075860A has a chain length of ⁇ Cll such as a chain length of 1 carbon atom to 10 carbon atoms (Cl- C10) of a monol alkoxylate (ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide is used).
- the problem with using the monol compound disclosed in JP2005075860A is that the monol compound has a low melting point. Therefore, the monol compound: (1) does not exhibit good compatibility with other components; and (2) does not have good stability in a polyol mixture component. No other surfactants are taught in the above reference.
- U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US20070238800A1 discloses a storage stable isocyanate-reactive component (e.g., a polyol) containing: (1) an aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate in combination with (2) an aliphatic phenol ethoxylate having a polymerized ethylene oxide content of at least 25 mol per equivalent of alcohol or phenol and an HLB value of > 17.
- the storage stable isocyanate-reactive component disclosed in US20070238800Al is useful for urethane foam and elastomer preparation, producing reactive component, and urethane foam and elastomer.
- the disadvantage of using the composition taught in US20070238800A1 is that the resulting polyol mixture tends to be hazy, and the components in the polyol mixture tend to separate with time (e.g.
- surfactant such as nonyl phenol ethoxylate
- PU-based foam-forming formulations for making a sprayable foam it is desired to provide a surfactant that: (1) is non-toxic (and environmentally acceptable); (2) provides an optimum mixing efficiency; and (3) exhibits other beneficial mechanical and chemical properties.
- the present invention is directed to a sprayable water blown low density polyurethane (PU) rigid foam-forming formulation including: (A) an isocyanate component; (B) a polyol component, wherein the polyol component includes a novel surfactant composition; and (C) water.
- PU sprayable water blown low density polyurethane
- the “sprayable water blown low density PU rigid foam- forming formulation” of the present invention includes a novel surfactant composition that: (1) is advantageously biodegradable; (2) has a very low aquatic toxicity; and (3) can be easily incorporated into the polyol component of a polyurethane foam- forming formulation to produce a foam article by a spraying method.
- the surfactant composition useful for producing SPUF formulation of the present invention includes at least one phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, wherein the at least one phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate is at least one linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate.
- the linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate used in the SPUF formulation of the present invention can be, for example, a linear alkyl chain of from 8 carbon atoms to 16 carbon atoms (C8-C16).
- low density herein, it is meant a density of ⁇ 20 Kg/m 3 in one embodiment; and from 5 Kg/m 3 to 20 Kg/m 3 in another embodiment.
- the SPUF formulation of the present invention contains, for example, a surfactant composition that comprises a combination of at least two phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylates as follows: (a) a first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate (e.g., SOFTANOLTM 90; available from Nihon Shokubai) which has an EO content of 9 mol and an average HLB value of 13.3; and (b) a second linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate (e.g., ECOSURFTM EH6; available from The Dow Chemical Company) which has an EO content of 6 mol and an average HLB of 10.8.
- a surfactant composition that comprises a combination of at least two phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylates as follows: (a) a first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate (e.g., SOFTANOLTM 90; available from Nihon Shokubai) which
- the first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate of the surfactant composition can include a linear alkyl chain of from 10 carbon atoms to 16 carbon atoms (C10-C16) and an EO content of average 9 mol (such as SOFTANOLTM 90); and the second linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate can include a linear alkyl chain of from 8 carbon atoms to 12 carbon atoms (C8-C12) and an EO content of average 6 mol such as 2-ethyl hexyl alcohol ethoxylate (e.g., ECOSURFTM EH6).
- the ratio of the first phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate to the second phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate can be, for example, 50 to 50 in weight.
- the present invention includes a process for producing the SPUF formulation.
- the present invention is directed to a PU foam made from SPUF formulation.
- the novel surfactant composition which is beneficial for making the SPUF formulation of the present invention, can be used as a replacement for conventional nonyl phenol ethoxylate which is toxic.
- the surfactant composition useful in the present invention can be used as a compatibilizer; and when used as a compatibilizer, the surfactant composition exhibits several improvements, including for example: (1) increased compatibility of the surfactant composition mixed with a high water polyol system, (2) increased compatibility at a wide temperature range of from 3 °C to 50 °C; (3) increased storage stability of the polyol mixture system, i.e., without the surfactant composition, the polyol system mixture easily undergoes phase separation; (4) stabilizes the foaming properties with isocyanate in the above temperature range of from 3 °C to 50 °C;(5) good mixing properties between the polyol-side and isocyanate-side components of the SPUF formulation in a spray process; (6) good foam cell structure; and (7) the surfactant composition can be readily used together with a silicone sur
- Temperatures are in degrees Celsius (°C), and "ambient temperature” or “room temperature” means between 20 °C and 25 °C, unless specified otherwise.
- “Phenol-free ethoxylate”, with reference to a surfactant composition, herein means a surfactant composition that contains no, or a minimal amount (e.g., a concentration of 0 wt % to 1.0 wt %) of, phenol ethoxylate groups in the backbone structure of an ethoxylate compound, but instead contains aliphatic ethoxylate groups in the backbone structure of an ethoxylate compound.
- a “linear alkyl chain” herein means an alkyl chain having > 8 carbon atoms (C8) in one embodiment; and from 8 carbon atoms to 15 carbon atoms (C8-C15) in another embodiment.
- Storage-stable with reference to a composition is a composition that does not exhibit phase separation. Storage stability of an isocyanate-reactive component such as a polyol component is important to provide a homogeneous material without phase separation, which in turn, provides a final quality product that has uniformity.
- the present invention SPUF formulation includes a surfactant composition, wherein the surfactant composition includes, for example, at least one phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, wherein the at least one phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate is at least one linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate.
- the surfactant composition includes a mixture of: (a) a first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate; and (b) a second linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate.
- Other optional components can be added to the surfactant composition.
- the first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate used for making the surfactant composition of the present invention can include, for example, a linear alkyl chain (Cl 3) secondary alcohol ethoxylate (9 mol EO); and mixtures thereof.
- the first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate useful in the present invention can include commercially available compounds such as SOFTANOLTM 90 (available from Nihon Shokubai); and TERGITOLTM 15-S-9 (available from The Dow Chemical Company), and mixtures thereof.
- SOFTANOLTM 90 available from Nihon Shokubai
- TERGITOLTM 15-S-9 available from The Dow Chemical Company
- the chain length of the first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate is from 10 carbon atoms to 16 carbon atoms (C10-C16) in one embodiment, and from 12 carbon atoms to 14 carbon atoms (C12-C14) in another embodiment.
- the first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate has an EO content of from 3 mol to 12 mol in one embodiment; from 7 mol to 9 mol in another embodiment; and from 8 mol to 9 mol in still another embodiment.
- the first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate has an average HLB value of from 7.9 to 14.5 in one embodiment; from 12.1 to 14.5 in another embodiment; and from 12.1 to 13.3 in still another embodiment.
- the amount of the first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate used in the surfactant composition of the present invention can be, for example, from 1 wt % to 15 wt % in one embodiment, from 2 wt % to 15 wt % in another embodiment and from 5 wt % to 10 wt % in still another embodiment based on the total amount of compounds in the surfactant composition.
- the second linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate used for making the surfactant composition of the present invention can include, for example, 2-ethyl hexyl alcohol ethoxylate; n-paraffin oxide secondary alcohol ethoxylate; and mixtures thereof.
- the second linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate can include commercially available compounds such as ECOSURFTMEH6, TERGITOL TMCA60 and ECOSURFTMEH9, TERGITOLTMCA90 (all available from The Dow Chemical Company); and mixtures thereof.
- the second linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate has an EO content of from 3 mol to 14 mol in one embodiment; and from 5 mol to 10 mol in another embodiment; and from 6 mol to 9 mol in still another embodiment.
- the second linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate has an average HLB of from 7 to 15 in one embodiment; from 9 to 15 in another embodiment; and from 9 to 13 in still another embodiment.
- the amount of the second linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate used in the surfactant composition of the present invention can be, for example from 1 wt % to 15 wt % in one embodiment, from 1 wt % to 10 wt % in another embodiment and from 5 wt % to 10 wt % in still another embodiment based on the total amount of compounds in the polyol component.
- the surfactant including the first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, component (a), and the second linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, component (b), includes a ratio of component (a) to component (b) of, for example, from 1 to 99 in weight in one embodiment, from 25 to 75 in weight in another embodiment, and from 50 to 50 in weight in still another embodiment.
- a broad embodiment of a process of producing a surfactant composition for use in making a SPUF formulation useful for forming a PU foam includes, for example, simply thoroughly mixing: the first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate, component (a), described above; the second linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, component (b), described above; and (c) any optional ingredients to form a surfactant mixture which can be processed via conventional mixing equipment and techniques used for making mixtures.
- the order or sequence of mixing is not critical.
- the components (a)-(c) can be mixed, for example, at a temperature of from 10 °C to 60 °C in one embodiment, from 15 °C to 55 °C in another embodiment, and from 25 °C to 50 °C in still another embodiment.
- Mixing the components at temperatures below 10 °C can cause the composition to have a high viscosity (e.g., > 800 mPa-s).
- Mixing the components at temperatures above 60 °C can cause water vaporization in the composition which can make it difficult to adjust the final water content of the composition.
- the mixing of the components (a)-(c) can be carried out at any pressure. In one preferred embodiment, for example, the mixing pressure is at atmospheric pressure (i.e., 1.013 25 bar or 1 atm).
- Some of the advantageous properties exhibited by the resulting surfactant composition produced according to the above-described process can include, for example: less foaming can occur during the step of mixing the components even though water and surfactant are mixed vigorously. The degree of foaming is determined by visual observation during the mixing step.
- the SPUF formulation of the present invention includes a reactive mixture of the following components: (A) at least one isocyanate component comprising at least one polyisocyanate compound; (B) at least one polyol component including the surfactant composition described above; and (C) water.
- the polyol component of the SPUF formulation includes, for example, (Bi) at least one polyol compound, (Bii) the surfactant composition described above; (Biii) at least one silicone compound; (Biv) at least one flame retardant; (Bv) at least one amine catalyst; and the water component (C) is added to the mixture of compounds of the polyol component (B) or as a separate additive to the SPUF formulation.
- the water is added to the polyol component (B).
- the isocyanate component, component (A), of the present invention can include one or more polyisocyanate compounds including for example a mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate; isomers and homologues of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (e.g., two more isomers such as 2,2’- and 2,4’- isomer); and 4,4 ’-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI); larger molecular weight oligomers of MDI such as polymeric MDI or crude MDI; and mixtures thereof.
- polyisocyanate compounds including for example a mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate; isomers and homologues of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (e.g., two more isomers such as 2,2’- and 2,4’- isomer); and 4,4 ’-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI); larger molecular weight oligomers of MDI such as polymeric MDI
- the polyisocyanate compound can include, for example, a polymeric MDI, and typically a low viscosity grade MDI for providing the reactive mixture a low initial viscosity at room temperature.
- the viscosity of the polymeric MDI at 25 °C is from 50 mPa.s to 2,000 mPa.s in one embodiment; from 50 mPa.s to 400 mPa.s in another embodiment; and from 100 mPa.s to 250 mPa.s in still another embodiment.
- the viscosity of the polyisocyanate compound is measured by the process described in ASTM D445.
- the polyisocyanate compound can include commercially available compounds such as PAPITM 27 and PAPITM 135 (both available from The Dow Chemical Company); and mixtures thereof.
- the amount of polyisocyanate compound used in the reactive composition of the present invention when the composition is used in a spray foam application can be, for example, at a 1 to 1 ratio in volume between the polyisocyanate compound and the polyol compound.
- the polyol component, component (B) includes a mixture of several compounds including, for example, (Bi) at least one polyol compound; (Bii) the surfactant composition described above; (Biii) at least one silicone compound; (Biv) at least one flame retardant; and (Bv) at least one amine catalyst; and (Bvi) water.
- the polyol component of the present invention can include, for example, (Bi) at least one or more polyol compounds including for example polyoxy propylene oxy ethylene polyol; ethylene oxide capped polyoxy propylene polyol; polyoxy propylene oxyethylene monol; tetramethylene ether glycol; polyester polyol; polyoxy butylene polyol; polyether polyester copolymer; and mixtures thereof.
- polyol compounds including for example polyoxy propylene oxy ethylene polyol; ethylene oxide capped polyoxy propylene polyol; polyoxy propylene oxyethylene monol; tetramethylene ether glycol; polyester polyol; polyoxy butylene polyol; polyether polyester copolymer; and mixtures thereof.
- the polyol compounds can include, for example, sucrose initiated polyoxypropylene polyol; glycerine initiated polyoxypropylene polyol; ethylene diamine initiated polyol, and the like; and mixtures thereof.
- the polyol compound can include commercially available compounds such as VORANOLTM 4701 Polyol, VORANOLTM4240, VORAN OLTMEP 1900, VORANOLTMTM 360, VORANOLTM446, VORANOLTM482, VORANOLTM490, VORANOLTM640, VORANOLTM800, VORANOLTM391,
- VORAN OLTM 1000LM, VORANOLTM2000LM, VORANOLTMWD2104 all available from The Dow Chemical Company; and mixtures thereof.
- a 1 to 1 ratio in volume between the polyisocyanate compound and the polyol compound is used in the reactive composition of the present invention when the composition is used in a spray foam application.
- the surfactant composition used in the polyol component is the surfactant composition described above.
- the amount of surfactant composition used in the polyol component of the present invention can be, for example, from 1 wt % to 15 wt % in one embodiment, from 5 wt % to 14 wt % in another embodiment and from 8 wt % to 12 wt % in still another embodiment.
- the water used in the present invention as a separate additive, component (C), or as an additional additive in component (B), can include, for example, potable water; distilled water; deionized water; or mixtures thereof.
- the amount of water when used in the polyol component (B) of the present invention can be, for example, from 5 wt % to 20 wt % in one embodiment and from 8 wt % to 20 wt % in another embodiment.
- Grafted copolymers which consist of a polydimethylsiloxane backbone and poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide) pendant groups can be used as a surfactant to stabilize the bubbles in flexible polyurethane foam.
- the flame retardant used in the present invention can include, for example, tris (l-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP).
- TCPP tris (l-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate
- Other flame retardants commonly used in polyurethane foam can also be used.
- Amine catalysts play an important role in the composition of the present invention, not only in the control and balance between the gelling and blowing reactions, but also in the optimization of the foam properties and the curing speed during the foam formation.
- Tertiary amines either alone or in combination with organo- tin catalyst can be used as catalysts in the manufacture of polyurethane foams.
- the reactive mixture of the present invention may also include other additional optional compounds or additives; and such optional compounds may be added to the mixture with any of the components (A), (B) or (C) or as a separate addition.
- the optional additives or agents that can be used in the present invention can include one or more various optional compounds known in the art for their use or function.
- the optional additives, agents, or components can include internal mold release agents, lubricants, other flame retardants, other surface- active additives, pigments, dyes, UV stabilizers, plasticizers, and fungistatic or bacteriostatic substances, external release agents, internal release agents, and mixtures thereof.
- External release agents, such as silicone oils can be used instead of, or in addition to, internal release agents.
- the amount of optional compound used, when added to the reactive mixture of the present invention can be for example, from 0 wt % to 5 wt % in one embodiment, from 0.1 wt % to 2 wt % in another embodiment and from 0.1 wt % to 1 wt % in still another embodiment.
- a broad embodiment of a process of producing a SPUF formulation useful for forming a PU foam includes, for example, simply thoroughly mixing the following components: (A) a polyisocyanate; (B) a polyol, (C) water and (D) optional ingredients to form a reactive mixture which can be processed via conventional mixing equipment and techniques used for making the SPUF formulation.
- the reactants can be mixed, for example, at a temperature of from 5 °C to 60 °C in one embodiment, from 15 °C to 55 °C in another embodiment, and from 25 °C to 50 °C in still another embodiment. And, the mixing of the reactants can be carried out at any pressure including, for example, atmospheric pressure.
- the formulation is the formulation’s viscosity.
- the viscosity of the formulation at 25 °C is from 100 mPa.s to 1,000 mPa.s in one embodiment; from 150 mPa.s to 500 mPa.s in another embodiment, and from 150 mPa.s to 300 mPa.s in still another embodiment.
- the viscosity of the SPUF formulation can be measured by the process described in ASTM D445.
- the foam product of the present invention is produced by spraying the reactive mixture described above onto the surface of a substrate.
- the components described above are injected into a spray device with an actuating means, such as a spray gun, which mixes the components into one stream; and when the actuating means of the spray gun is actuated, the stream exits the spray gun in the form of a reactive mixture that begins to react, i.e., begins to form a foam, as the reactive mixture contacts the surface of a substrate.
- the SPUF formulation (reactive mixture) can be sprayed using a conventional mixing and spraying device such as a spray gun.
- the mixing and spraying of the components using a spray gun can be carried out, for example, at a temperature of from -10 °C to 45 °C in one embodiment and from -5 °C to 45 °C in another embodiment.
- the spraying of the SPUF formulation can be carried out throughout the four seasons of a calendar year, i.e., from winter to summer.
- spraying the SPUF formulation under too cold of a temperature i.e., ⁇ -10 °C
- the adhesion of the sprayed SPUF formulation to the sprayed substrate tends to be weak, so delamination can occur.
- spraying the SPUF formulation in too hot of a temperature i.e., > 45 °C
- the foam reactivity of the sprayed SPUF formulation will be too fast and the resulting foam can be coarser than desired.
- the mixing and spraying of the components of the SPUF formulation can be carried out, for example, at a pressure of from 3 MPa to 18 MPa in one embodiment and from 6 MPa to 10 MPa in another embodiment. Below a spray pressure of 3 MPa, the discharge flow rate of the spray is too low and thus, can take a longer period of time to complete the work.
- the process of producing a PU foam product is carried out by reaction.
- the reaction components of the SPUF formulation that is, the polyisocyanate, isocyanate-reactive compounds, surfactant, blowing agent, catalyst, and any other additives and auxiliaries commonly used in PU foam-forming formulations; are reacted as the reactive mixture is being delivering to the surface of a substrate using, for example, a resin spray gun.
- the process for producing a polyurethane foam product of the present invention includes a low-pressure spraying method.
- the process includes spraying the reactive mixture at room temperature.
- the process for producing a polyurethane foam product includes, for example, the steps of (I) mixing: (a) a polyisocyanate; (b) a polyol; and any other optional components, if desired; to form a reactive mixture; (II) after mixing the components described above to form a reactive mixture, spraying the reactive mixture onto the surface of a desired substrate; and (III) allowing the resulting sprayed reactive mixture to react under the spray conditions to form a polyurethane foam product.
- Some of the advantageous properties exhibited by the resulting foam product produced according to the above described process can include, for example: (1) the thermal conductivity of the foam product is generally below 0.040 W/(mK) as measured according the process described in JIS A1412; (2) the moisture permeability of the foam product is generally 30 ng/(s-m2-Pa) as measured according the process described in JIS K7225; and (3) the combustibility is improved such that combustion time of the foam product is within 120 s and the extent of combustion is not more than 60 mm as measured according the process described in JIS A9511.
- the polyurethane foam product produced by the process of the present invention can be used, for example, in insulation applications for commercial buildings and residential 5 housing, noise abatement applications, vibration abatement applications, and harshness abatement applications for studio rooms.
- EO ethylene oxide
- TCPP tris chloropropyl phosphate
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate, isomers and homologues, and 4,4 ’-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.
- a hand foaming test for various samples is carried out as follows: A polyol premix is mixed with a polymeric MDI, PAPITM 27, at 3,000 rpm for 3 s. The mixing ratio of polyol/isocyanate is as follows: polyol 28 g/isocyanate 32 g in a 1,000 mL plastic cup. Observed Reactivity
- the cream time should be faster like 3 s to 7 s; otherwise, the sprayable mixture will start sagging (i.e., the sprayable liquid drips or runs down on the surface of a vertical wall).
- the rise time is important and should be fast, for example, within 12 s to 16 s. Delaying rise time would lead to an irregular foam thickness and can often cause del ami nation.
- the foam height relates to the foam’s density.
- the foam’s insulation performance can be too low; and the foam’s mechanical properties may be poor i.e., too fragile, weak strength and easily delaminated ⁇ If the density of the foam is too high (e.g., > 20 Kg/m 3 ), the high density of the foam is unnecessary and uneconomical.
- a first set of samples of various liquid mixtures of foam-forming formulations were placed in a clear container (glass jar) and lined up for a visual check of the compatibility of the components in the mixture at a temperature of 25 °C; and a second set of samples of various liquid mixtures of foam- forming formulations were placed in a clear glass jar and lined up for a visual check of the compatibility of the components in the mixture at a temperature of 3 °C.
- the results of the visual observation of the samples were as follows:
- Comparative Example A used TERGITOLTM NP9 as a surfactant; and the formulation exhibited good compatibility at 3 °C and at 25 °C.
- Comparative Example D used DOWANOLTM EPh6 as a surfactant; and exhibited good compatibility at 3 °C and at 25 °C.
- Comparative Example C used ECOSURFTM EH6 as a surfactant; and exhibited a hazy appearance at 3 °C and at 25 °C.
- Comparative Example E used ECO-36 as a surfactant; and exhibited a hazy appearance at 3 °C and at 25 °C.
- a first set of samples of various liquid mixtures of foam-forming formulations were placed in a container (glass jar) and lined up for a visual check of the compatibility of the components in the mixture at a temperature of 25 °C; and a second set of samples of various liquid mixtures of foam- forming formulations were placed in a clear glass jar and lined up for a visual check of the compatibility of the components in the mixture at a temperature of 3 °C.
- the results of the visual observation of the samples were as follows:
- Comparative Example F used SOFTANOLTM 70 as a surfactant; and the formulation exhibited good compatibility at 3 °C and at 25 °C.
- Comparative Example B used SOFTANOLTM 90 as a surfactant; and the formulation exhibited good compatibility at 25 °C, but appeared a little hazy at 3 °C.
- Comparative Example G used SOFTANOLTM 120 as a surfactant; and the formulation exhibited a hazy appearance at 3 °C and at 25 °C.
- a first set of samples of various liquid mixtures of SPUF formulations were placed in a container (glass jar) and lined up for a visual check of the compatibility of the components in the mixture at a temperature of 25 °C; and a second set of samples of various liquid mixtures of SPUF formulations were placed in a clear glass jar and lined up for a visual check of the compatibility of the components in the mixture at a temperature of 3 °C.
- the results of the visual observation of the samples were as follows:
- the SPUF formulation of Inventive Example 3 used a mixed surfactant of SOFTANOLTM70 and ECOSURFTMEH6 at a ratio of SOFTANOLTM70/ECOSURFTMEH6 of 25/75; and the SPUF formulation exhibited good compatibility 25 °C, but appeared a little hazy at 3 °C.
- the SPUF formulation of Inventive Example 2 used a mixed surfactant of SOFTANOLTM70 and ECOSURFTMEH6 at a ratio of SOFTANOLTM70/ECOSURFTMEH6 of 50/50; and the SPUF formulation exhibited good compatibility at 3 °C and at 25 °C.
- the SPUF formulation of Inventive Example 1 used a mixed surfactant of SOFTANOLTM70 and ECOSURFTMEH6 at a ratio of SOFTANOLTM70/ECOSURFTMEH6 of 75/25; and the SPUF formulation exhibited a hazy appearance at 3 °C and at 25 °C. Comparative Examples A and C - E - Foam Samples
- a set of various foam samples formed in a container (jar) were lined up for a check of the reactivity of the foam structure including cream time, rise time, foam height, and foam cell structure (visual); the foam samples being made from liquid mixtures of foam- forming formulations described above.
- the foam samples were as follows:
- the foam sample produced using the formulation of Comparative Example A was a good foam with good reactivity and a sufficient height.
- the foam sample produced using the formulation of Comparative Example D (DOWANOLTM EPh6 used as surfactant) exhibited a little faster rise time than the foam sample of Comparative Example A. Although the formulation exhibited good mixing because of the low viscosity of the polyol premix, a small amount of shrinkage of the foam occurred.
- a set of various foam samples formed in a container (jar) were lined up for a check of the reactivity of the foam structure including cream time, rise time, foam height, and foam cell structure (visual); the foam samples being made from liquid mixtures of foam- forming formulations described above.
- the foam samples were as follows:
- the foam sample produced using the formulation of Comparative Example F (SOFTANOLTM 70 used as a surfactant) exhibited a similar reactivity, but a lower foam height, compared the foam sample using TERGITOLTMNP9 as a surfactant.
- the foam sample produced using the formulation of Comparative Example B (SOFTANOLTM90 used as a surfactant) exhibited a similar reactivity and foam height with that of the foam sample using TERGITOLTMNP9 as a surfactant, but the foam cell size of the foam sample was a little coarser than that of the foam sample using TERGITOLTMNP9 as a surfactant.
- the foam sample produced using the formulation of Comparative Example G (SOFTANOLTM 120 used as a surfactant) exhibited a faster reactivity because of the foam sample’ s lower foam height than Comparative Example A.
- the foam cell structure was coarse.
- the foam sample produced using the formulation of Comparative Example A (TERGITOLTMNP9 used as a surfactant) was used as a reference foam sample.
- a set of various foam samples formed in a container (jar) were lined up for a check of the reactivity of the foam structure including cream time, rise time, foam height, and foam cell structure (visual); the foam samples being made from liquid mixtures of the SPUF formulations described above.
- the foam samples were produced using the following SPUF formulations:
- foam samples described above exhibited a good appearance, similar reactivity, and similar foam height.
- the foam samples made from the SPUF formulations of Inventive Examples 1, 2, and 3 exhibit good compatibility, good reactivity and good foam height when compared to a foam sample made from the formulation of Comparative Example A which used TERGITOLTMNP9 as a surfactant.
- the foam sample made from the formulation of Comparative Example A (TERGITOLTMNP9 used as the surfactant) showed good compatibility, good reactivity and good foam height.
- TERGITOLTMNP9 is a good surfactant
- TERGITOLTMNP9 is regarded as a reproduction toxicity concerning material. Therefore, any remnants of the resulting sprayed foams, using TERGITOLTMNP9 as a surfactant, are not discarded into sewage systems.
- spray applicators potentially inhale TERGITOLTMNP9 or its foam mist during construction. This potential exposure to the spray applicators can pose a health risk to the spray applicators. Spray applicators do not always use adequate protective equipment to prevent the spray applicators from inhaling the spray.
- the foam sample made from the formulation of Comparative Example B (SOFTANOL TM 90 used as the surfactant) showed a larger cell size while compatibility was good.
- the foam sample made from the formulation of Comparative Example C (ECOSURFTMEH6 used as the surfactant) showed bad compatibility such as a hazy appearance while showing good reactivity and good foam height.
- the foam sample made from the formulation of Comparative Example D (DOWANOLTM EPh6 used as the surfactant) showed good compatibility; however, the foam sample exhibited some foam shrinkage. Inhalation toxicity may also be a potential undesirable issue for the spray application of this foam.
- the foam sample made from the formulation of Comparative Example F (SOFTANOLTM70 used as the surfactant) showed relatively good compatibility; however, the foam sample made from the formulation of Comp. Ex. F had a lower foam height than Comparative Example A. Providing a foam with a lower foam height can lead to a poor foaming efficiency of the spray application.
- the foam product of made from the formulation of Comparative Example G (SOFTANOLTM 120 used as the surfactant) showed good compatibility; however, the foam cell of the foam product was coarse.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a surfactant composition for use in producing a water blown low density polyurethane sprayable foam-forming formulation includes at least one phenol-free secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, wherein the at least one secondary alkyl alcohol ethoxylate is at least one linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate.
- the above surfactant composition used to produce the water blown low density polyurethane sprayable foam-forming formulation has good mixing properties with a polyol component and an isocyanate component. Also, the above surfactant composition o is advantageously non-toxic.
- the above surfactant composition including a mixture of at least two linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylates; the surfactant composition including a first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate having an ethylene oxide content of 9 mol and an average hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of 13.3; and the surfactant composition including a second linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate having an ethylene oxide content of 6 mol and an average hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of 10.8.
- the above surfactant composition includes a ratio of the first linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate to the second linear alkyl chain phenol-free secondary alcohol ethoxylate is a ratio of 50 to 50 in weight.
- Another embodiment of the present invention includes a water blown low density polyurethane sprayable foam-forming formulation comprising (A) at least one isocyanate component; and a (B) at least one polyol component, wherein the at least one polyol component includes the above surfactant composition.
- the at least one polyisocyanate component of the above formulation is polymeric MDI such as PAPITM 27; and the concentration of the at least one polyisocyanate component is at about 100 wt %.
- the at least one polyol component of the above formulation is a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, or mixture thereof; and the concentration of the at least one polyol component is, for example, from 40 wt % to 60 wt % in one embodiment.
- the above water blown low density polyurethane sprayable foam- forming formulation including the surfactant composition can be used to provide a foam product with a fine foam cell structure
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Abstract
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US17/597,495 US20220243026A1 (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2020-08-26 | Foam formulation |
KR1020227009833A KR20220059949A (ko) | 2019-09-03 | 2020-08-26 | 폼 제형 |
JP2022514249A JP2022546564A (ja) | 2019-09-03 | 2020-08-26 | フォーム配合物 |
EP20765459.1A EP4025622A1 (fr) | 2019-09-03 | 2020-08-26 | Formulation de mousse |
CN202080061359.3A CN114302902A (zh) | 2019-09-03 | 2020-08-26 | 泡沫配方 |
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US62/895,082 | 2019-09-03 |
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US (1) | US20220243026A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4025622A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2022546564A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20220059949A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN114302902A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2021045937A1 (fr) |
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WO1997037762A1 (fr) * | 1996-04-04 | 1997-10-16 | Gerkin Richard M | Catalyseurs amine reactifs destines a des polymeres polyurethane |
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PL1984415T3 (pl) * | 2006-02-15 | 2011-04-29 | Stepan Co | Surfaktanty homogenizujące dla polioli i żywic poliuretanowych |
US9290604B2 (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2016-03-22 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | NPE-free emulsifiers for water-blown polyurethane spray foam |
MX2014011088A (es) * | 2012-03-15 | 2014-11-25 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Espuma rigida de poliuretano soplada con agua de baja densidad. |
EP3009487B1 (fr) * | 2013-06-14 | 2018-06-06 | Adeka Corporation | Modificateur de viscosité et composition d'émulsion de résine ou composition aqueuse de revêtement contenant chacune le modificateur |
US9815966B2 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2017-11-14 | Johns Manville | Spray foams containing non-halogenated fire retardants |
CN107325710B (zh) * | 2017-07-18 | 2018-04-24 | 广东鸿昌化工有限公司 | 一种水性固化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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2020
- 2020-08-26 KR KR1020227009833A patent/KR20220059949A/ko unknown
- 2020-08-26 WO PCT/US2020/047866 patent/WO2021045937A1/fr unknown
- 2020-08-26 US US17/597,495 patent/US20220243026A1/en active Pending
- 2020-08-26 CN CN202080061359.3A patent/CN114302902A/zh active Pending
- 2020-08-26 JP JP2022514249A patent/JP2022546564A/ja active Pending
- 2020-08-26 EP EP20765459.1A patent/EP4025622A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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JPS6110431B2 (fr) | 1980-10-29 | 1986-03-29 | Nippon Electric Co | |
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CN114302902A (zh) | 2022-04-08 |
US20220243026A1 (en) | 2022-08-04 |
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