WO2021042308A1 - 识别免疫比浊法中钩状效应的方法、装置及计算机可读介质 - Google Patents

识别免疫比浊法中钩状效应的方法、装置及计算机可读介质 Download PDF

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WO2021042308A1
WO2021042308A1 PCT/CN2019/104452 CN2019104452W WO2021042308A1 WO 2021042308 A1 WO2021042308 A1 WO 2021042308A1 CN 2019104452 W CN2019104452 W CN 2019104452W WO 2021042308 A1 WO2021042308 A1 WO 2021042308A1
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reaction
curve
time
sample
time period
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PCT/CN2019/104452
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郑文波
叶波
魏文涛
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深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/104452 priority Critical patent/WO2021042308A1/zh
Priority to CN201980099929.5A priority patent/CN114364983A/zh
Publication of WO2021042308A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021042308A1/zh
Priority to US17/686,250 priority patent/US20220187278A1/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/487Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
    • G01N33/49Blood
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/40Concentrating samples
    • G01N1/4044Concentrating samples by chemical techniques; Digestion; Chemical decomposition
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1456Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry without spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle, e.g. processing of pulse signals
    • G01N15/1459Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry without spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle, e.g. processing of pulse signals the analysis being performed on a sample stream
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/82Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a precipitate or turbidity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/557Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor using kinetic measurement, i.e. time rate of progress of an antigen-antibody interaction
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/01Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials specially adapted for biological cells, e.g. blood cells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/075Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/01Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials specially adapted for biological cells, e.g. blood cells
    • G01N2015/016White blood cells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N2015/0687Investigating concentration of particle suspensions in solutions, e.g. non volatile residue
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10Investigating individual particles
    • G01N2015/1006Investigating individual particles for cytology
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/00584Control arrangements for automatic analysers
    • G01N2035/0097Control arrangements for automatic analysers monitoring reactions as a function of time

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a technique for sample detection using an immunoturbidimetric method, and specifically relates to a method, a device and a computer-readable medium for identifying the condition that the concentration of the protein to be tested in the sample is too high and the hook effect is caused.
  • the turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay is a dynamic determination method of antigen and antibody binding.
  • Immunoturbidimetric method is divided into immunoturbidimetric method and immunoscattering turbidimetric method.
  • the antibody-antigen complex has the effect of scattering and blocking light. Therefore, the amount of the antibody-antigen complex is proportional to the change in the intensity of the transmitted or scattered light. When the amount of antibody is constant, the change in light intensity is also proportional to the antigen content. Under certain conditions, the antigen content in the sample can be obtained by detecting the intensity change of the transmitted light or the scattered light.
  • the amount of immune complexes formed increases as the amount of antigen in the test sample increases, and the turbidity of the reaction solution also increases.
  • the amount of the test substance (i.e., antigen) in the sample is too large, a hook effect occurs, that is, the test result is low or even false negative.
  • the immunoturbidimetric method is widely used in automatic biochemical analyzers.
  • Chinese patent application CN105339794A discloses a method that uses two specific wavelengths to detect and analyze optical signals that have passed a complete reaction time, and calculate the reaction rate to determine whether the sample has a hook effect. This method requires simultaneous detection with two wavelengths, and a judgment can only be made after the sample is completely tested.
  • C-reactive protein CRP
  • SAA serum amyloid
  • C-reactive protein C-reactive protein
  • the detection time of C-reactive protein is often longer than the time required for routine blood testing, which causes patients to spend a longer time waiting for all the test results. If there is a sample with a hook effect, the test needs to be re-tested, making the patient wait longer for the test result. Therefore, there is a need to quickly identify whether a sample has a hook effect, so as to quickly obtain correct detection results.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for identifying the hook effect in the immunoturbidimetric method, so as to obtain the judgment result more quickly and shorten the detection time of the sample with the hook effect.
  • a hook effect recognition method for immunoturbidimetry includes:
  • T n is less than or equal to the time T 90 when the reaction proceeds to 90% of the entire reaction time , preferably less than or equal to the time T 70 when the reaction proceeds to 70% of the entire reaction time, more preferably less than or equal to The reaction proceeds to the time T 50 when 50% of the entire reaction time is reached.
  • T n is less than or equal to the time point corresponding to the change in the slope trend of the reference curve.
  • the predetermined time period accounts for 10 to 70% of the entire reaction time, preferably 15 to 50%, more preferably 15 to 40%.
  • the time period for generating the reaction curve of the analyte is a period of time from the start of the reaction until the reaction proceeds by 10% to 70%, preferably 10% to 50%, more preferably 10% to 40%. That is, the reaction curve of the analyte is obtained using the measured value detected in the first 10 to 70%, preferably the first 10 to 50%, and more preferably the first 10 to 40% of the reaction progress.
  • the distribution information in the method may be at least one selected from the group consisting of measured value characteristics, reaction speed characteristics, and reaction acceleration characteristics.
  • the detection is terminated.
  • the step of comparing the distribution information of the response curve of the predetermined time period with the distribution information of the reference curve of the corresponding time period includes: the measured value of the reaction curve of the predetermined time period and the reference curve of the corresponding time period The measured values are compared.
  • the step of comparing the distribution information of the reaction curve of the predetermined time period with the distribution information of the reference curve of the corresponding time period includes: first-order derivation of the reaction curve and the reference curve to obtain the reaction speed curve Compare with reference speed curve.
  • the step of comparing the distribution information of the response curve in the predetermined time period with the distribution information of the reference curve in the corresponding time period includes: performing a second-order derivation on the reaction curve and the reference curve to obtain the reaction acceleration curve. Compare with reference acceleration curve.
  • the step of comparing the distribution information of the response curve of the predetermined time period with the distribution information of the reference curve of the corresponding time period includes: comparing the response curve of the same reaction time point with the corresponding distribution information of the reference curve. Value, and/or compare the average value of multiple corresponding distribution information of the response curve and the reference curve in the same time period.
  • the above-described step d) the curve A measured value T i at the i reactivity difference curve corresponding to the reference timing reference value A i (F) obtained by reaction of the following formula ⁇ i %:
  • ⁇ i % [(A i –A i(f) )/A i(f) ] ⁇ 100%
  • the average measured value of the reaction curve in the time period from T 1 to T n The average reference value in the time period corresponding to the reference curve Calculate the average response difference ⁇ % in this time period by using the following formula:
  • reaction curve A measured value T i at the time i and the reference curve corresponding to a reference value A i (F) is obtained from the following formula
  • ⁇ i % [(A i –A i(f) )/A i(f) ] ⁇ 100%
  • the average measured value of the reaction curve in the time period from T 1 to T n The average reference value in the time period corresponding to the reference curve Calculate the average response difference ⁇ % in this time period by using the following formula:
  • step d) includes:
  • the reaction speed value v i at T i and the reference reaction speed value v i(f) at the corresponding time is the reaction speed difference ⁇ v i % calculated by the following formula:
  • V1 When ⁇ v i% Delta] V1 is a predetermined threshold value, it determines the presence of the hook effect sample
  • ⁇ v% is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold ⁇ v1, it is determined that the sample has a hook effect.
  • step d) includes:
  • the reaction speed value v i at T i and the reference reaction speed value v i(f) at the corresponding time is the reaction speed difference ⁇ v i % calculated by the following formula:
  • ⁇ v% is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold ⁇ v2, it is determined that the sample has a hook effect.
  • T n is less than the degree of difference ⁇ v i% corresponding approximately time zero.
  • step d) includes:
  • step d) includes:
  • reaction acceleration value a i at T i and the reference reaction acceleration value a i(f) at the corresponding time are calculated by the following formula to obtain the reaction acceleration difference ⁇ a i %:
  • the average response acceleration value in the time period from T 1 to T n Calculate the difference ⁇ a% of the average response acceleration in the time period by the following formula:
  • step d) includes:
  • reaction acceleration value a i at T i and the reference reaction acceleration value a i(f) at the corresponding time are calculated by the following formula to obtain the reaction acceleration difference ⁇ a i %:
  • the average response acceleration value in the time period from T 1 to T n Calculate the difference ⁇ a% of the average response acceleration in the time period by the following formula:
  • T n is less than or equal to the time when the reference reaction acceleration reaches a substantially constant value a fconst.
  • the actual reaction acceleration and the reference reaction acceleration may tend to be close to each other after a period of reaction, and in some cases, they may cross.
  • the time for comparing the degree of difference the time in the time period before the two acceleration values are close to each other can be selected based on experience.
  • step d) includes:
  • a hook effect recognition method for immunoturbidimetry comprising:
  • the measurement value A i is obtained at the time T i within a period of time from T 1 to T n after the start of the reaction, where i Is an integer from 1 to n, so as to obtain multiple measured values A 1 to A n to generate a response curve for the time period;
  • T n is less than or equal to the time T 90 when the reaction proceeds to 90% of the entire reaction time , preferably less than or equal to the time T 70 when the reaction proceeds to 70% of the entire reaction time, and more It is preferably less than or equal to the time T 50 when the reaction proceeds to 50% of the entire reaction time.
  • the predetermined time period accounts for 10 to 70% of the entire reaction time, preferably 15 to 50%, more preferably 15 to 40%.
  • the time period for generating the reaction curve of the analyte is a period of time from the start of the reaction until the reaction proceeds by 10% to 70%, preferably 10% to 50%, more preferably 10% to 40%.
  • the derivation is a first-order derivation or a second-order derivation.
  • the detection is terminated.
  • the sample is a mammalian, preferably a human whole blood sample.
  • the analyte in the sample of the present invention is a protein, preferably C-reactive protein or serum amyloid.
  • the method of the present invention further includes the step of sucking the sample into the reaction chamber before step a) or a'), adding a reaction reagent and mixing the sample, the sample reacts with the reagent, and the red blood cells in the sample are lysed.
  • the reaction reagent includes a substance capable of specifically reacting with the analyte, preferably a latex coated with the specific reactant.
  • the sample is equally divided into at least two aliquots, wherein one sample is subjected to routine blood testing, and the other sample is tested for the analyte And undergo the steps of the aforementioned method.
  • a blood analysis system comprising:
  • the sampling part is used to obtain a blood sample and transport the blood sample to the reaction part;
  • the reagent supply part is used to store the first reaction reagent and supply it to the reaction part as needed;
  • the reaction part includes a first reaction chamber for mixing the blood sample with the first reaction reagent to prepare a first test solution;
  • the detection system includes a light source and a detector for detecting the first test solution, and is used to obtain the measured value of the test solution;
  • a controller which is coupled to the sampling part, the reagent supply part, the reaction part, and the detection system, and controls the actions of the sampling part, the reagent supply part, the reaction part, and the detection system;
  • a processor the processor is coupled to the detection system,
  • the processor obtains the measured value A i at time T i within a predetermined time period from T 1 to T n after the reaction starts from the detection system, where i is an integer from 1 to n, thereby obtaining a plurality of measured values A 1 to A n , to generate the reaction curve of the time period; estimate the concentration C e of the analyte based on the reaction curve and the pre-stored calibration curve in the time period; obtain the pre-stored concentration C e of the analyte based on the estimated concentration C e of the analyte The reference curve of the concentration; and comparing the distribution information of the response curve of the predetermined time period with the distribution information of the reference curve of the corresponding time period to determine whether the sample has a hook effect,
  • the step of the processor comparing the distribution information of the response curve of the predetermined time period with the distribution information of the reference curve of the corresponding time period includes: the measured value of the response curve of the predetermined time period and the corresponding The measured value of the reference curve of the time period is compared.
  • the step of the processor comparing the distribution information of the response curve of the predetermined time period with the distribution information of the reference curve of the corresponding time period includes: performing a first-order derivation on the reaction curve and the reference curve respectively Obtain the reaction speed curve and the reference speed curve and compare them.
  • the step of the processor comparing the distribution information of the response curve of the predetermined time period with the distribution information of the reference curve of the corresponding time period includes: performing a second-order derivation on the reaction curve and the reference curve respectively Obtain the response acceleration curve and the reference acceleration curve and compare them.
  • the step of comparing the distribution information of the response curve of the predetermined period of time with the distribution information of the reference curve of the corresponding period of time by the processor includes: comparing the response curve of the same reaction time point with that of the reference curve. The value of the corresponding distribution information, and/or compare the average value of multiple corresponding distribution information of the response curve and the reference curve in the same time period.
  • the controller receives the result that the current detection sample has a hook effect, and controls the detection system to stop detection;
  • Examples of the detector may include a photometer, specifically a turbidity meter and/or a nephelometer.
  • the sample is a whole blood sample
  • the first reagent includes a hemolytic agent for lysing red blood cells in the sample, and a latex reagent for performing immunoturbidity with the analyte in the sample reaction.
  • the blood analysis system further includes a second detection system, and the reaction part further includes a second reaction chamber;
  • the second detection system includes a light source, a flow chamber for cells to pass through one by one, a liquid path system, and a second detector ;
  • the controller controls the sampling part to divide the sample into two parts and delivers them to the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber respectively; controls the reagent supply part to deliver the second reagent to the second reaction chamber, and the sample is in The second reaction chamber reacts with the second reagent to obtain a third test solution; the second detection system is controlled, and driven by the liquid path system, the third test solution is delivered to the A flow chamber, where the light source illuminates the flow chamber, and the second detector collects scattered light signals generated by cells;
  • the processor obtains the scattered light signal, and classifies the white blood cells in the sample into at least three types of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils according to the scattered light signals.
  • the second detection system further includes a third detector that collects the fluorescent signal generated by the cells, and divides the white blood cells into at least lymphoid cells based on the scattered light signal and the fluorescent signal.
  • a third detector that collects the fluorescent signal generated by the cells, and divides the white blood cells into at least lymphoid cells based on the scattered light signal and the fluorescent signal.
  • the second reagent includes a hemolytic agent and a staining agent.
  • a computer-readable medium storing executable instructions, wherein the computer-readable storage medium is configured to cause a processor to execute the executable instructions to implement the above-mentioned use Hook-like effect recognition method based on immunoturbidimetric method.
  • the present invention utilizes the characteristic that the reaction degree of the antigen-antibody initial reaction stage is highly dependent on the reactants, obtains the reaction information of a certain stage of the reaction, especially the initial stage, and uses the reaction information of the initial stage of the reaction to determine whether the sample has a hook shape
  • the effect judgment greatly improves the alarm speed of abnormal samples with hook effect, thereby shortening the detection time of samples with hook effect. It is of positive significance to improve the speed of outpatient examinations, especially the speed of blood protein examinations performed at the same time as blood routines.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the hook effect by plotting the amount of antibody-antigen precipitation relative to the amount of antigen
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a comparison diagram of a reaction curve with a hook effect and a reference curve according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a comparison diagram of the response speed versus time curve obtained after first-order derivation of the reaction curve and the reference curve in FIG. 3 with respect to time according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a comparison diagram of the response acceleration versus time curve obtained after second-order derivation of the response curve and the reference curve in FIG. 3 with respect to time according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a flowchart according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a blood analysis system according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a graph of the actual reaction curve and the corresponding reference reaction curve of the detection of 5 samples according to Example 1;
  • Example 9 is a graph showing the actual reaction rate and the change of the reference reaction rate after the first-order derivation of the actual reaction curve and the corresponding reference reaction curve detected according to the five samples of Example 1;
  • Fig. 10 is a graph showing the actual reaction acceleration and the reference reaction acceleration changes of the actual reaction curve and the corresponding reference reaction curve detected according to the five samples of Example 1.
  • immunoturbidimetry is based on the particles suspended in the reaction system formed by the immunoagglutination reaction, by measuring the intensity change of transmitted light (ie, transmission method), or by measuring the intensity of scattered light at a predetermined angle with the incident light Change (ie, scattering method) to determine the concentration of the analyte.
  • the method for identifying the hook effect of the present invention can be applied to any immunoturbidimetric method.
  • a particularly preferred method is the latex enhanced turbidimetric method.
  • the antibody corresponding to the test substance is coated on latex particles with a particle size of about 15-60 nanometers to increase the volume of the antigen-antibody conjugate, thereby enhancing the change in the intensity of transmitted light or scattered light.
  • latex particles are polymer particles, such as polystyrene.
  • the specific measurement types of immunoturbidimetry usually include end-point measurement and rate measurement, or an improved method combining the two.
  • the method for identifying the hook effect of the present invention can be applied to any type of measurement method, and is not particularly limited.
  • the method of the present invention is suitable for quickly determining whether a sample has a hook effect in any immunoturbidimetric method, and promptly terminating the detection of a sample with a hook effect.
  • the method of the present invention does not affect or change the normal detection procedure.
  • the hook effect identification method of the present invention uses the light signal (such as light intensity or absorbance) measured during the predetermined time period of the immune response of the analyte in the sample to generate a reaction curve, and uses the distribution information of the reaction curve in the predetermined time period to determine whether the sample is There is a hook effect (HOOK effect).
  • HOOK effect a hook effect
  • only the measurement information of a small predetermined period of time in the entire reaction time is used to determine whether there is a hook effect.
  • the concentration of the analyte is estimated, and the response curve corresponding to the concentration in the normal reaction state is obtained from the estimated concentration of the analyte as the reference curve. Compare the distribution information of the response curve of the test object with the reference curve for the predetermined time period to determine whether the sample has a hook effect.
  • the "reference curve” in this context refers to the response curve of the analyte at the estimated concentration corresponding to the analyte concentration estimated from the measured value within a predetermined period of time, and in a normal sample without the hook effect.
  • the period of time is a predetermined period of time from T 1 to T n after the start of the reaction.
  • T 1 0, that is, a period of time from the beginning of the reaction to a certain time T n.
  • T 1 >0 that is, a period of time from a certain moment T 1 to another moment T n after the reaction starts.
  • the predetermined period of time is a period of time in the first 90% of the reaction. That is, the time corresponding to 90% of the entire reaction time when the reaction proceeds is T 90 , then T n ⁇ T 90 .
  • the predetermined time period may be a period of time in the first 80%, the first 70%, the first 50%, the first 30%, or even the first 10% of the entire reaction.
  • the predetermined period of time is a period of time before the entire reaction reaches the maximum value.
  • the part of the entire reaction process selected for the predetermined time period varies according to the test object. It is usually determined by experience based on the specific conditions of the measurement.
  • the predetermined time period for generating the reaction curve of the analyte accounts for 10% to 70% of the entire reaction time, such as 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% of the entire reaction time. , 45%, 50% or 60% for a period of time.
  • the time period for generating the reaction curve of the analyte accounts for 15% to 50% of the entire reaction time, more preferably 15% to 40%.
  • the actual reaction curve is obtained according to the actually detected information, such as absorbance, and the estimated concentration of the analyte is obtained according to the stored standard curve.
  • the method for estimating the concentration of the analyte is the same as the conventional method for obtaining the concentration of the analyte. The only difference is that in the method of the present invention, only a period of reaction, especially the detection information of the reaction start time period, is used to estimate the concentration.
  • the method of the present invention uses the estimated concentration of the analyte to obtain the corresponding reference curve. As mentioned earlier, by comparing the distribution information of the actual response curve and the reference response curve, you can quickly determine whether the sample has a hook effect.
  • the hook effect is recognized by the response curve obtained in a relatively short predetermined period of time. Therefore, it can be recognized whether there is a hook effect in a short time after the reaction starts, and then the hook effect can be recognized when there is a hook effect. In the case of effects, terminate the test as soon as possible.
  • the method of the present invention is particularly advantageous for obtaining the test result as early as possible in the whole blood test.
  • routine blood tests are the most common test items.
  • the conventional automatic blood tester can quickly complete the various test items in the blood routine such as red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet technology and white blood cell classification.
  • the detection of specific proteins in the blood is relatively slow.
  • the method of the present invention helps to accelerate the speed of outpatient inspection. For example, if the CRP measurement time is 60s, the method of the present invention can complete the identification within 10-20s.
  • the detection device used in the immunoturbidimetric method may be a turbidimeter or a turbidimeter, specifically, a scattered light detector or a transmitted light detector. It can be measured in the range of ultraviolet or near ultraviolet to visible light (usually 300 to 800 nm).
  • the temperature of the reaction system during the measurement is usually ambient temperature, for example, 20-40°C, preferably about 37°C.
  • sample or “sample to be tested” in this context generally refers to a blood sample, particularly a whole blood sample.
  • the sample to be tested is usually a peripheral blood or venous blood sample derived from a mammal, especially a blood sample derived from a human.
  • the sample has undergone necessary processing before undergoing an immune response.
  • the treatment includes, but is not limited to, such as anticoagulation treatment, dilution treatment, hemolysis treatment and the like.
  • the reaction reagent is a reagent commonly used in the art that can react with the test substance, such as latex coated with antibodies or antigens, and a reagent that aggregates immune complexes, such as polyethylene glycol. I won't repeat them here.
  • the reaction reagent can be one solution or multiple solutions, such as a hemolytic agent to dissolve red blood cells in a whole blood sample, a polyethylene microsphere latex reagent coated with antibodies, and a buffer to dilute the whole blood sample.
  • analyte herein refers to antigens, antibodies, proteins, polypeptides, etc. in a sample, especially in a blood sample. Specifically, it can be, for example, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid (SAA), procalcitonin (abbreviated as PCT), interleukin-6 (abbreviated as IL-6), human chorionic gonadotropin, growth hormone , Luteinizing hormone, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, etc., but not limited to this.
  • CRP C-reactive protein
  • SAA serum amyloid
  • PCT procalcitonin
  • IL-6 interleukin-6
  • human chorionic gonadotropin growth hormone
  • Luteinizing hormone alpha-fetoprotein
  • carcinoembryonic antigen etc.
  • Step S101 firstly mix the sample with the reaction reagent to make the analyte in the sample start to react; then, obtain the measured value A i at the time T i within a predetermined time period from T 1 to T n after the reaction starts, wherein i is an integer of 1 ⁇ n, thereby obtaining a plurality of measured values a 1 ⁇ a n, to generate a response curve for the time period.
  • step S102 the concentration C e of the analyte is estimated based on the reaction curve of the time period and the pre-stored calibration curve.
  • step S103 the acquired concentration reference curve stored in advance in accordance with the estimated concentration C e obtained was measured.
  • step S104 the distribution information of the response curve of the time period is compared with the distribution information of the reference curve of the corresponding time period.
  • Step S105 makes a judgment. If it meets the predetermined characteristics (for example, the degree of difference between the distribution information of the reaction curve and the reference curve is higher than a predetermined threshold or the change trend of the distribution information of the two conforms to a certain law), then it is recognized that there is a hook effect, and step S106 is performed. , The detection is terminated; otherwise, proceed to step S107 to continue the detection.
  • the predetermined characteristics for example, the degree of difference between the distribution information of the reaction curve and the reference curve is higher than a predetermined threshold or the change trend of the distribution information of the two conforms to a certain law
  • the reference curve under the normal reaction state (no HOOK effect) obtained from the estimated concentration is consistent with or close to the initial reaction curve of the sample reaction.
  • reaction speed and reaction acceleration of the sample with the hook effect will be significantly different from the conventional reaction speed and acceleration represented by the reference curve (see Figure 4 and Figure 5).
  • reaction time and reaction distribution information under the measurement conditions are applied to the identification method of the hook effect.
  • the reaction distribution information is a characteristic of a measured value (such as absorbance), a characteristic of a reaction speed, and/or a characteristic of a reaction acceleration.
  • the measured value feature can be directly an optical measurement value (such as a certain absorbance value) within a predetermined period of time, or an average measurement value within a predetermined period of time, or both.
  • the determination step the difference in reaction A curve of optical measurements at a given time T i i and a corresponding timing reference value A reference curve i (F) obtained by the following formula Degree ⁇ i %:
  • ⁇ i % [(A i -A i(f) )/A i(f) ] ⁇ 100%.
  • the average measured value of the reaction curve in the time period from T 1 to T n The average reference value in the time period corresponding to the reference curve Calculate the average response difference ⁇ % in this time period by using the following formula:
  • the reaction difference degree ⁇ i % and the average reaction difference degree ⁇ % are calculated according to the above embodiment.
  • the response difference ⁇ i % is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold ⁇ 2
  • the average response difference ⁇ % is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold ⁇ 2
  • the distribution information may also be a value of a reaction speed or reaction acceleration in a predetermined time period, or an average reaction speed or an average reaction acceleration value in a predetermined time period.
  • reaction speed value v i at T i and the reference reaction speed value v fi(f) are calculated by the following formula to obtain the reaction speed difference ⁇ v i %:
  • ⁇ v i% (
  • ⁇ v% is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold ⁇ v1, it is determined that the sample has a hook effect.
  • reaction speed of the test substance and the detection reagent first increases and then decreases, and the curve has a maximum point. That is, during the detection process, there will be a maximum reaction speed in the middle of the reaction (see Figure 4).
  • reaction speed between the test substance and the detection reagent is generally continuously reduced.
  • the actual reaction speed is much higher than the reference reaction speed in the early stage of the reaction, but is often lower than the reference reaction speed in the later stage.
  • the reaction rate curve and the reference reaction rate curve will cross.
  • T 1 to T n the time period from the start of the reaction to the time point corresponding to the intersection point can also be selected.
  • reaction curves of different samples and their reference curve shapes may be different. Those skilled in the art can understand that it is possible to count samples that are known to have no hook effect and that have a hook effect, and the appropriate T i or T 1 can be obtained according to the above principles. , The value of T n.
  • reaction acceleration value a i at T i and the reference reaction acceleration value a i(f) at the corresponding time are calculated by the following formula to obtain the reaction acceleration difference ⁇ a i %:
  • the average response acceleration value in the time period from T 1 to T n calculates the difference ⁇ a% of the average response acceleration in the time period by the following formula:
  • the reaction difference degree ⁇ a i % and the average reaction difference degree ⁇ a% are calculated according to the above embodiment.
  • the predetermined time period is preferably a time period before the reaction acceleration of the reference curve enters the plateau period a const(f) (if any) (see FIG. 5).
  • the above-mentioned predetermined thresholds may be the same or different. It varies according to the testing equipment, testing methods, samples and test objects used. Usually a statistical value or an empirical value, which is a function of T n.
  • the distribution information may also be a contour line of the reaction speed or reaction acceleration changing with time in a predetermined period of time, and it is determined whether the sample has a hook effect according to the change trend of the contour line.
  • the reaction rate curve has an overall trend that the reaction rate continuously decreases with time, and at the same time, the reference reaction rate curve has a reference reaction rate that first increases and then decreases with time. The overall trend. If the above-mentioned characteristic profile exists, it can be determined that the sample has a hook effect.
  • the reaction curve is further used to obtain the reaction speed or reaction acceleration in the predetermined period of time.
  • a contour line that changes with time, and judging whether the sample has a hook effect according to the change trend of the contour line is no need to estimate the concentration of the analyte to obtain a reference curve.
  • the definitions of the sample, the test object, and the predetermined time period are as described above. Obtain the response curve within a predetermined period of time in the same way.
  • step S201 after the sample and the reaction reagent are mixed so that the analyte in the sample starts to react, the time T i is acquired during a period of time from T 1 to T n after the reaction starts. measured value a i, where i is an integer of 1 ⁇ n, thereby obtaining a plurality of measured values a 1 ⁇ a n, to generate a response curve for the time period.
  • the judgment step S203 is performed to judge whether the sample has a hook effect according to the derived curve profile. When there is a hook effect, proceed to step S204 to terminate the detection; otherwise, proceed to step S205 to continue the current detection.
  • test is terminated; otherwise, the test continues.
  • the present invention also relates to a blood analysis system capable of implementing the above identification method.
  • the blood analysis system includes a sampling part, a reagent supply part, a reaction part including a reaction chamber, a data processing module and a controller.
  • the blood instrument 1 has a first casing 11, a second casing 12, a sampling unit 20, a reaction unit 30, a reagent supply unit (not shown), a detection system 40, a host system 50, and an output unit 60.
  • the output unit 60 may be a user interface.
  • the detection system 40 and the host system 50 are installed inside the second housing 12.
  • the reaction part 30 is provided inside the first housing 11.
  • the detection system is close to the reaction chamber (not shown) of the reaction part 30 to facilitate detection.
  • the output unit 60 and the sampling unit 20 are on the outer surface of the first housing 11.
  • the sampling part 20 has a sampling needle to collect a blood sample and transport the collected blood sample to the reaction chamber of the reaction part 30.
  • the reagent supply part stores the first reaction reagent and other necessary reagents used to react with the blood sample as described above, and supplies corresponding reagents to the reaction part as needed.
  • the reaction part 30 may include a first reaction chamber configured to allow the blood sample from the sampling part and the first reaction reagent from the reagent supply part to react in the reaction chamber to generate an antibody-antigen Composite particles.
  • the detection system 40 includes a light source and a detector for detecting the reaction system in the reaction chamber, and is used to obtain a measurement value of the reaction system.
  • the detector may include a turbidity meter and/or a turbidity meter.
  • the host system 50 includes a processor, a memory, and a controller.
  • the controller is coupled with the sampling part, the reagent supply part, the reaction part and the detection system, and controls the actions of the sampling part, the reagent supply part, the reaction part and the detection system.
  • the processor is coupled with the detection system 50.
  • the memory may not be a transitory computer-readable storage medium in which a computer program is stored. Wherein, when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method for identifying the hook effect of the present invention is executed.
  • the controller is also operatively connected with the processor for receiving detection results from the processor.
  • the controller controls the detection system to stop the detection.
  • the system of the present invention can also automatically perform re-detection.
  • the controller further issues an instruction to re-check. Under the control of the controller, the liquid in the reaction chamber is cleared and the reaction chamber is cleaned; the sampling part 20, the reaction part 30, the reagent supply part, and the detection system 40 cooperate again to perform re-detection. Control the sampling part to sample the sample again, transport the blood sample to the first reaction chamber of the reaction part; and control the reagent supply part to provide the first reaction reagent to the first reaction chamber to prepare the first reaction chamber
  • the second test solution, the dilution factor of the sample in the second test solution is greater than the dilution factor of the sample in the first test solution; and the detection system is controlled to perform the second test on the second test solution.
  • the output unit 60 is configured to output the detection result of the object to be tested in the corresponding sample according to the instruction issued by the controller when the processor finds that the sample does not have a hook effect.
  • the blood analysis system of the present invention may also have an alarm device (not shown) for alarming when the data processing module determines that the sample has a hook effect.
  • the blood analysis system of the present invention further includes a second detection system, and the reaction part further includes a second reaction chamber.
  • the second detection system includes a light source, a flow chamber through which cells are queued one by one, a liquid path system and a second detector.
  • the blood analysis system of the present invention can simultaneously perform routine blood detection on whole blood samples and perform immunoturbidimetric detection on specific proteins (eg, C-reactive protein).
  • specific proteins eg, C-reactive protein
  • the controller controls the sampling part to divide the sample into two parts and deliver them to the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber respectively.
  • the controller controls the reagent supply part to deliver the second reagent to the second reaction chamber.
  • the sample reacts with the second reagent in the second reaction chamber to obtain a third test solution.
  • An example of the second reagent may include a hemolytic agent and a staining agent, but is not limited thereto.
  • the third test solution is delivered to the flow chamber, the light source illuminates the flow chamber, and the second detector collects cells The resulting scattered light signal.
  • the processor obtains the scattered light signal, and classifies the white blood cells in the sample into at least three types of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils according to the scattered light signals.
  • the second detection system further includes a third detector that collects the fluorescent signals generated by the cells, and divides the white blood cells into at least lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and neutrophils according to the scattered light signals and the fluorescent signals.
  • a third detector that collects the fluorescent signals generated by the cells, and divides the white blood cells into at least lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and neutrophils according to the scattered light signals and the fluorescent signals.
  • lymphocytes lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and neutrophils according to the scattered light signals and the fluorescent signals.
  • neutrophils There are four types.
  • the red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, etc. can be further counted and classified.
  • the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium stores executable instructions, and when the executable instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the hook effect identification method for immunoturbidimetry are realized.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be the aforementioned memory or a component thereof, in which the computer program is stored and executed by the processor of the blood analysis system to complete the aforementioned method steps.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be FRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disk, or CD-ROM, etc., and may also be various devices including one or any combination of the foregoing storage media.
  • ⁇ i % [(A i –A i(f) )/A i(f) ] ⁇ 100%
  • T i 5s or 20s, when ⁇ i % ⁇ 15%, it is judged to have a hook effect
  • the ⁇ i % of 5 seconds and 20 seconds are both greater than 15%.
  • the alarm of whether the sample has a hook effect can be performed based on whether the ⁇ i% of one of 5 seconds or 20 seconds is greater than the threshold. It is also possible to alarm based on whether the ⁇ i % of 10 seconds or 15 seconds is greater than a threshold value at other times between T 1 and T 2.
  • the estimated SAA concentration in the first 15s of the reaction finds the corresponding reference curve from the stored calibration curve, and compares the original signal value at a certain time in the first 15s of the reaction with the signal at the corresponding time of the reference curve. When the degree of difference is greater than or equal to 15%, it is determined that the sample has a hook effect.
  • the first-order derivation was performed on the original reaction curve and the reference reaction curve obtained in Example 1, respectively, to obtain the original reaction rate curve and the reference reaction rate curve (see FIG. 9).
  • the average value calculated based on the initial response speed per second between T 1 ⁇ T 2 See Table 4 below).
  • T i 5s or 20s, having determined that the presence of the hook effect when one T T. 1 and 2 ⁇ v i% ⁇ 12%.
  • T 1 and T 2 may also be selected, for example, whether the ⁇ v i % of 10 seconds or 15 seconds is greater than a threshold value for alarm.
  • the threshold may be different at different moments, and the appropriate threshold can be obtained based on the statistics of known samples.
  • reaction rate of the sample is significantly different from the reaction rate of the reference reaction curve in the first 15s. Compare the reaction rate at a certain moment in the first 15s with the reaction rate at the corresponding time of the reference curve. When the degree of difference at a moment is greater than or equal to 12%, it is determined that the sample has a hook effect.
  • the hook effect can be judged by the outline of the reaction rate curve and the reference reaction rate curve. It can be seen from Fig. 9 that in any one of samples 1 to 5, the actual reaction rate in a certain period of time, the reaction rate at the later time is always lower than the reaction rate at the previous time, while the reference curve shows a response during this time period. The maximum value of the speed.
  • the original response speed curve to alarm, for example, starting from 0 seconds, continuously compare the response speed of the next second and the previous second, and count for a period of time. If the response speed is It has continued to decline over time, and it can be basically judged that the sample has a hook effect.
  • the original reaction curve and the reference reaction curve obtained in Example 1 are respectively subjected to second-order derivation to obtain the original reaction acceleration curve and the reference reaction acceleration curve (see FIG. 10).
  • T 1 and T 2 when one of T 1 and T 2 has ⁇ a i % ⁇ 80%, it is judged to have a hook effect.
  • other moments between T 1 and T 2 can also be selected , for example, whether the ⁇ a i % of 10 seconds or 15 seconds is greater than the threshold to alarm.
  • the threshold may be different at different moments, and the appropriate threshold can be obtained based on the statistics of known samples.
  • Table 9 The difference in response acceleration at 0s and 15s and the difference in average response acceleration at 5-20s
  • the hook effect can be judged through the contours of the original reaction acceleration curve and the reference reaction acceleration curve. It can be seen from Figure 10 that in any one of samples 1 to 5, on the actual response acceleration curve, the response acceleration at the later time is always greater than the response acceleration at the previous time, while the response acceleration of the reference curve at the later time is always less than the previous time. The response acceleration. Therefore, it is determined that the sample has a hook effect.
  • the original response acceleration curve can also be used to alarm. For example, starting from 0 seconds, continuously compare the response acceleration of the next second and the previous second, and count for a period of time. If the response acceleration is It increases continuously over time, and it can be basically judged that the sample has a hook effect.

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Abstract

一种识别免疫比浊法中钩状效应的方法、装置及计算机可读介质。该方法利用样本中待测物的免疫反应在预定时间段内测定的光信号生成反应曲线,利用该预定时间段内的反应曲线的分布信息判断样本是否存在钩状效应。该方法仅利用整个反应时间中的较少预定时间段的测量信息来识别存在钩状效应的样本,并及时终止检测,从而加快了对存在钩状效应的样本进行免疫比浊法检测的速度。

Description

识别免疫比浊法中钩状效应的方法、装置及计算机可读介质 技术领域
本发明涉及利用免疫比浊法进行样本检测的技术,具体涉及针对样本中待测蛋白质浓度过高造成钩状效应的情况进行识别的方法、装置及计算机可读介质。
背景技术
在生化免疫检测中,往往出现因抗原和抗体的比例不合适,而导致检测结果偏低,甚至出现假阴性的情况。以抗原过量为例,以抗体-抗原沉淀的量相对于抗原的量作图时,在抗原量增大的一端出现偏离正常曲线(B)的钩状(HOOK)曲线(A)的现象被称为钩状效应(参见图1)。钩状效应是由于待测的抗原或抗体的量大大过剩时,出现了可溶性复合物,导致检测结果的偏差。
免疫比浊法(turbidimetric inhibition immuno assay)是抗原和抗体结合动态测定方法。免疫比浊法分为免疫透射比浊法和免疫散射比浊法。抗体-抗原复合物对光线有散射和遮挡的作用。因此抗体-抗原复合物的量与透射光或散射光的强度的变化值成一定比例。当抗体量一定时,光强的变化也与抗原含量成比例。在一定条件下,通过检测透射光或散射光的强度变化可以获知样本中的抗原含量。
当抗体浓度固定时,形成的免疫复合物的量随着检样中抗原量的增加而增加,反应液的浊度也随之增加。然而,当样本中待测物(即,抗原)的量过大时,会出现钩状效应,即,检测结果偏低,甚至假阴性的情况。
目前,免疫比浊法,广泛应用于全自动生化仪。为了获得准确的检测结果,需要识别出样本中待测物浓度过高以致产生钩状效应的情况,对有钩状效应的样本进行适当稀释后再次检测,以获得正确的检测结果。例如,中国专利申请CN105339794A中公开了一种利用两个特定波长检测并分析经过完整反应时间的光信号,通过计算反应速率进而判断样本是否存在HOOK效应。该方法需要用两个波长同时进行检测,且需在样本完全检测完毕后才能做出判断。
在临床检测中广泛应用血液生化检测,例如C反应蛋白(CRP)、血清淀粉样蛋白(SAA)等的检测。特别是在呼吸道疾病高发的季节,对于全血进行血常规检测的同时,往往要对C反应蛋白进行检测,以便医生进行正确的临床诊断。而C反应蛋白的检测时间往往比血常规检测所需的时间要长,这造成了患者需要花费更长的时间等待全部检测结果。如果存在具有钩状效应的样本,则需要重新测试,使患者等待检测结果的时间更长。因此,存在快速识别样本是否存在钩状效应,以便快速获得正确的检测结果的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在提出一种用于在免疫比浊法中识别钩状效应的方法,以更快速地获得判断结果,缩短具有钩状效应的样本的检测时间。
为此,根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种用于免疫比浊法的钩状效应识别方法。所述方法包括:
a)在样本与反应试剂混合以使所述样本中的待测物开始进行反应后,获取反应开始后T 1~T n的预定时间段内的T i时刻的测量值A i,其中i为1~n的整数,从而得到多个测量值A 1~A n,以生成该时间段的反应曲线;
b)基于该时间段的所述反应曲线估算待测物的浓度C e
c)根据估算得到的待测物的浓度C e获取预先存储的该浓度的参考曲线;
d)将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较,以判断所述样本是否存在钩状效应。
所述方法的步骤a)中,T n小于等于反应进行到整个反应时间的90%时的时间T 90,优选小于等于反应进行到整个反应时间的70%时的时间T 70,更优选小于等于反应进行到整个反应时间的50%时的时间T 50
或者所述方法的步骤a)中,T n小于等于参考曲线的斜率趋势产生变化的所对应的时间点。
根据一种实施方式所述预定时间段占整个反应时间的10~70%,优选15~50%,更优选15~40%。
根据一种具体的实施方式,用于生成待测物反应曲线的时间段为反应起始后至反应进行了10~70%、优选10~50%、更优选10~40%的一段时间。即,待测物反应曲线利用所述反应进行的前10~70%、优选前10~50%、更优选前10~40%的时间内检测到的测量值得到。
所述方法中的所述分布信息可为选自测量值特征、反应速度特征和反应加速度特征中的至少一种。
根据本发明,所述反应曲线的分布信息与所述参考曲线的分布信息的差异符合预定特征,则识别为样本存在钩状效应,并终止检测。
根据一种实施方式,将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:该预定时间段的反应曲线的测量值与相应时间段的参考曲线的测量值进行比较。
根据另一种实施方式,将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:对反应曲线和参考曲线分别进行一阶求导得到反应速度曲线和参考速度曲线并进行比较。
根据再一种实施方式,将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:对反应曲线和参考曲线分别进行二阶求导得到反应加速度曲线和参考加速度曲线并进行比较。
根据一种实施方式,将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:比较相同反应时间点的反应曲线和参考曲线的相应的分布信息的值,和/或比较相同时间段内反应曲线和参考曲线多个相应的分布信息的平均值。
根据一种具体的实施方式,上述步骤d)中,将所述反应曲线在T i时的测量值A i与参考曲线相应时刻的参考值A i(f)按下式计算获得的反应差异度δ i%:
δ i%=[(A i–A i(f))/A i(f)]×100%
当δ i%大于等于预定阈值δ1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应,
或者,
将所述反应曲线在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均测量值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000001
与参考曲线相应时间段内的平均参考值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000002
按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应差异度Δ%:
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000003
当Δ%大于等于预定阈值Δ1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
在该具体的实施方式中,可替代地,上述步骤d)中,将所述反应曲线在T i时的测量值A i与参考曲线相应时刻的参考值A i(f)按下式计算获得的反应差异度δ i%:
δ i%=[(A i–A i(f))/A i(f)]×100%
当δ i%大于等于预定阈值δ2时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应,且
将所述反应曲线在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均测量值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000004
与参考曲线相应时间段内的平均参考值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000005
按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应差异度Δ%:
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000006
当Δ%大于等于预定阈值Δ2时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
根据又一种具体的实施方式,上述步骤d)包括:
对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别相对于时间进行一阶求导,获得反应速度随时间变化的曲线v=A’=f’(T)和v’=A (f)’=f’(T (f));以及
在T i时的反应速度值v i与相应时刻参考反应速度值v i(f)按下式计算获得的反应速度差异度δv i%:
δv i%=(|v i-v i(f)|/v i(f))×100%
当δv i%大于等于预定阈值δv1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应,
或者,
在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均反应速度值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000007
与相应时间段内平均参考反应速度值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000008
按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应速度差异度Δv%:
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000009
当Δv%大于等于预定阈值Δv1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
在该具体的实施方式中,可替代地,所述步骤d)包括:
对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别相对于时间进行一阶求导,获得反应速度随时间变化的曲线v=A’=f’(T)和v’=A (f)’=f’(T (f));以及
在T i时的反应速度值v i与相应时刻参考反应速度值v i(f)按下式计算获得的反应速度差异度δv i%:
δv i%=(|v i-v i(f)|/v i(f))×100%
当δv i%大于等于预定阈值δv2时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应,且
在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均反应速度值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000010
与相应时间段内平均参考反应速度值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000011
按下式计算 获得该时间段内的平均反应速度差异度Δv%:
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000012
当Δv%大于等于预定阈值Δv2时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
在进行一阶求导的实施方式中,有可能出现实际反应速度曲线与参考反应速度曲线相互接近或者相交的情况。在此情况下可避开相接近的区域或者相交点及附近区域来选取用于判断是否存在钩状效应的时刻来计算δv i%。在一种具体的实施方式中,T n小于差异度δv i%约为零所对应的时刻。
在该具体的实施方式中,可替代地,上述步骤d)包括:
对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别相对于时间进行一阶求导,获得反应速度随时间变化的曲线v=A’=f’(T)和v’=A (f)’=f’(T (f));以及
当同时满足在T 1~T n的时间段内反应速度曲线v=A’=f’(T)具有反应速度随时间不断减少的整体趋势,且在相应时间段内参考反应速度曲线v’=A (f)’=f’(T (f))具有参考反应速度随时间先增大再减少的整体趋势时,判定为所述样本存在钩状效应。
根据再一种具体的实施方式,上述步骤d)包括:
对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别进行二阶求导,获得反应加速度随时间变化的曲线a=A”=f”(T)和a (f)=A (f)”=f”(T (f));和
在T i时的反应加速度值a i与相应时刻参考反应加速度值a i(f)按下式计算获得反应加速度差异度δa i%:
δa i%=|(a i-a i(f))/a i(f)|×100%
当δa i%大于等于预定阈值δa1时,判定为所述样本存在钩状效应,
或者,
在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均反应加速度值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000013
与相应时间段内平均参考平均反应加速度值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000014
按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应加速度的差异度Δa%:
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000015
当Δa%大于等于预定阈值Δa1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
在该具体的实施方式中,可替代地,上述步骤d)包括:
对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别进行二阶求导,获得反应加速度随时间变化的曲线a=A”=f”(T)和a (f)=A (f)”=f”(T (f));和
在T i时的反应加速度值a i与相应时刻参考反应加速度值a i(f)按下式计算获得反应加速度差异度δa i%:
δa i%=|(a i-a i(f))/a i(f)|×100%
当δa i%大于等于预定阈值δa2时,判定为所述样本存在钩状效应,且
在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均反应加速度值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000016
与相应时间段内平均参考平均反应加速度值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000017
按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应加速度的差异度Δa%:
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000018
当Δa%大于等于预定阈值Δa2时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
在该实施方式中,T n小于等于参考反应加速度达到基本恒定的值a fconst时的时刻。
在二阶求导的上述具体实施方式中,实际反应加速度和参考反应加速度,在反应一段时间后有可能趋于相互接近,有的情况下会出现交叉。在选取用于比较差异度的时刻时,可根据经验选取两个加速度值相互接近之前的时间段中的时刻。
在该具体的实施方式中,可替代地,步骤d)包括:
对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别进行二阶求导,获得反应加速度随时间变化的曲线a=A”=f”(T)和a (f)=A (f)”=f”(T (f));和
当同时满足在T 1~T n的时间段内反应加速度曲线a=A”=f”(T)具有反应加速度随时间增加的整体趋势,且参考反应加速度曲线a (f)=A (f)”=f”(T (f))具有参考反应加速度随时间减小的整体趋势时,判定为所述样本存在钩状效应。
进一步地,根据本发明的第一方面,还提供一种用于免疫比浊法的钩状效应识别方法,所述方法包括:
a’)在样本与反应试剂混合以使所述样本中的待测物开始进行反应后,获取反应开始后T 1~T n的一段的时间内的T i时刻获取测量值A i,其中i为1~n的整数,从而得到多个测量值A 1~A n,以生成该时间段的反应曲线;
b’)将该时间段内的反应曲线A=f(T)相对于时间T求导,根据求导后的曲线轮廓判断所述样本 是否存在钩状效应。
根据一种实施方式,步骤a’)中,T n小于等于反应进行到整个反应时间的90%时的时间T 90,优选小于等于反应进行到整个反应时间的70%时的时间T 70,更优选小于等于反应进行到整个反应时间的50%时的时间T 50
本发明中,所述预定时间段占整个反应时间的10~70%,优选15~50%,更优选15~40%。
根据一种具体的实施方式,用于生成待测物反应曲线的时间段为反应起始后至反应进行了10~70%、优选10~50%、更优选10~40%的一段时间。
在该实施方式中,所述求导为一阶求导或二阶求导。
根据一种具体的实施方式,步骤b’)中,对所述反应曲线A=f(T)相对于时间T进行一阶求导,获得反应速度随时间变化的曲线v=A’=f’(T),和
当满足在T 1~T n的时间段内反应速度曲线v=A’=f’(T)具有反应速度随时间不断减少的整体趋势时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
根据另一种具体的实施方式,步骤b’)中,对所述反应曲线A=f(T)相对于时间T进行二阶求导,获得反应加速度随时间变化的曲线a=A”=f”(T),和
当满足在T 1~T n的时间段内反应加速度曲线a=A”=f”(T)具有反应加速度随时间增加的整体趋势时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
根据本发明的识别钩状效应的方法,所述求导后曲线轮廓符合预定特征,则识别为样本存在钩状效应,并终止检测。
本发明的方法中,所述样本为哺乳动物,优选为人的全血样本。
本发明所述样本中的待测物为蛋白质,优选为C反应蛋白或血清淀粉样蛋白。
本发明所述方法在步骤a)或a’)之前进一步包括吸取所述样本至反应室,加入反应试剂混合的步骤,所述样本与试剂反应,样本中的红细胞被裂解。
在所述方法中,所述反应试剂包括能与所述待测物进行特异性反应的物质,优选包被有所述特异性反应物的胶乳。
根据一种实施方式,在所述步骤a)或a’)之前,将所述样本等分为至少两等份,其中一份样本进行血常规检测,另一份样本进行所述待测物检测并经受前述方法的各步骤。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供一种血液分析系统,所述血液分析系统包括:
采样部,用于获取血液样本,并将所述血液样本输送到所述反应部;
试剂供应部,用于贮存第一反应试剂并根据需要供应到所述反应部;
反应部,包括第一反应室,用于将所述血液样本与所述第一反应试剂混合制备第一试液;
检测系统,包括光源和对所述第一试液进行检测的检测器,用于获取所述试液的测量值;
控制器,所述控制器和所述采样部、试剂供应部、反应部和检测系统耦合,控制所述采样部、试剂供应部、反应部和检测系统的动作;
处理器,所述处理器和检测系统耦合,
所述处理器从检测系统获取反应开始后T 1~T n的预定时间段内的T i时刻的测量值A i,其中i为1~n的整数,从而得到多个测量值A 1~A n,以生成该时间段的反应曲线;基于该时间段的所述反应曲线和预先存储的校准曲线估算待测物的浓度C e;根据估算得到的待测物的浓度C e获取预先存储的该浓度的参考曲线;和将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较,以判断所述样本是否存在钩状效应,
或者,所述处理器从检测系统获取反应开始后T 1~T n的一段的时间内的T i时刻获取测量值A i,其中i为1~n的整数,从而得到多个测量值A 1~A n,以生成该时间段的反应曲线;将该时间段内的反应曲线A=f(T)相对于时间T求导,根据求导后的曲线轮廓判断所述样本是否存在钩状效应,所述处理器将判断结果输出给所述控制器。
根据一种实施方式,所述处理器将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:将该预定时间段的反应曲线的测量值与相应时间段的参考曲线的测量值进行比较。
根据另一种实施方式,所述处理器将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:对反应曲线和参考曲线分别进行一阶求导得到反应速度曲线和参考速度曲线并进行比较。
根据再一种实施方式,所述处理器将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:对反应曲线和参考曲线分别进行二阶求导得到反应加速度曲 线和参考加速度曲线并进行比较。
根据一种具体实施方式,所述处理器将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:比较相同反应时间点的反应曲线和参考曲线的相应的分布信息的值,和/或比较相同时间段内反应曲线和参考曲线多个相应的分布信息的平均值。
本发明的血液分析系统中所述控制器接收到当前检测样本为存在钩状效应的结果,控制所述检测系统停止检测;
控制所述采样部对所述样本再次采样,并将样本输送到所述反应部的第一反应室;
控制所述试剂供应部将所述第一反应试剂提供到所述第一反应室,制备第二试液,所述第二试液中样本的稀释倍数大于第一试液中样本的稀释倍数;和
控制所述检测系统对所述第二试液进行检测。
所述检测器的实例可包括光度计,具体为浊度计和/或比浊计。
本发明的血液分析系统中,所述样本为全血样本,所述第一试剂包括溶血剂,用于裂解样本中的红细胞,和胶乳试剂,用于与样本中的待测物进行免疫比浊反应。
所述血液分析系统还包括第二检测系统,所述反应部还包括第二反应室;所述第二检测系统,包括光源、供细胞逐个排队通过的流动室、液路系统和第二检测器;
所述控制器控制所述采样部将样本分为两份,分别输送到第一反应室和第二反应室;控制所述试剂供应部将第二试剂输送到第二反应室,所述样本在所述第二反应室中与所述第二试剂反应,得到第三试液;控制所述第二检测系统,在所述液路系统的驱动下,所述第三试液被输送到所述流动室,所述光源照射所述流动室,且所述第二检测器收集细胞产生的散射光信号;
所述处理器,获得所述散射光信号,并根据所述散射光信号将样本中的白细胞分为至少淋巴细胞、单核细胞和中性粒细胞三类。
进一步地,所述的血液分析系统中,所述第二检测系统还包括第三检测器,所述第三检测器收集细胞产生的荧光信号,根据散射光信号和荧光信号将白细胞至少分为淋巴细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞四类。
根据一种具体实施方式,所述第二试剂包括溶血剂和染色剂。根据本发明的第三方面,提供一种计算机可读介质,存储有可执行指令,其中,所述计算机可读存储介质配置为引起处理器执行所述可执行指令时,实现以上所述的用于免疫比浊法的钩状效应识别方法。
本发明利用抗原-抗体起始反应阶段反应程度对反应物的高度依赖的特性,获取反应某阶段,尤其是起始阶段的反应信息,并利用反应起始阶段的反应信息对样本是否存在钩状效应进行判断,大大提高了对存在钩状效应的异常样本的报警速度,从而缩短了具有钩状效应的样本的检测时间。对门诊检验的速度,特别是与血常规同时进行的血液中蛋白质的检验的速度的提升具有积极意义。
附图说明
图1为以抗体-抗原沉淀的量相对于抗原的量作图,显示钩状效应的示意图;
图2为根据本发明的第一实施方式的流程图;
图3为根据本发明的一种实施方式有钩状效应的反应曲线与参比曲线的对比图;
图4为根据本发明的一种实施方式,对图3中的反应曲线和参比曲线分别对时间进行一阶求导后获得的反应速度随时间变化的曲线的对比图;
图5为根据本发明的一种实施方式,对图3中的反应曲线和参比曲线分别对时间进行二阶求导后获得的反应加速度随时间变化的曲线的对比图;
图6为根据本发明的第二实施方式的流程图;
图7为根据一种实施方式的血液分析系统的示意性简图;
图8为根据实施例1的5个样本检测的实际反应曲线与对应的参比反应曲线图;
图9为根据实施例1的5个样本检测的实际反应曲线与对应的参比反应曲线分别一阶求导后的实际反应速度和参比反应速度变化的图;和
图10为根据实施例1的5个样本检测的实际反应曲线与对应的参比反应曲线分别而阶求导后的实际反应加速度和参比反应加速度变化的图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的具体实施方式及附图,对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施方式仅仅是本发明的一部分实施方式,而不是全部的实施方式。基于本 发明中的实施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在整个说明书中,除非另有特别说明,本文使用的术语应理解为如本领域中通常所使用的含义。因此,除非另有定义,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员的一般理解相同的含义。若存在矛盾,以本说明书中定义为优先。
术语“免疫比浊法”是基于免疫凝集反应形成的悬浮在反应体系中的颗粒,通过测量透射光的强度变化(即,透射法),或者通过测量与入射光成预定角度的散射光的强度变化(即,散射法)来测定待测物浓度的方法。
本发明的识别钩状效应的方法可适用于任何免疫比浊法。特别优选的方法是胶乳增强比浊法。
在胶乳增强比浊法中,待测物相应的抗体包被在约15-60纳米粒径的胶乳颗粒上,以增加抗原-抗体结合物的体积,从而增强透射光或散射光强度的变化,以增加检测灵敏度。常用的胶乳颗粒为聚合物颗粒,如聚苯乙烯。
免疫比浊法的具体测定类型通常有终点测定法和速率测定法,或者是二者结合的改进方法。本发明的识别钩状效应的方法可应用于任何类型的测定方法,并无特别限制。
由以下将详述的本发明的方法可知,本发明的方法适用于在任何免疫比浊法中快速判断样本是否存在钩状效应,并及时终止存在钩状效应的样本的检测。对于无勾状效应的样本,本发明的方法并不影响,也不改变正常的检测程序。
本发明的钩状效应识别方法利用样本中待测物的免疫反应的预定时间段测定的光信号(例如光强度或吸光度)生成反应曲线,利用该预定时间段内反应曲线的分布信息判断样本是否存在钩状效应(HOOK效应)。本发明的方法中,仅利用整个反应时间中的较少预定时间段的测量信息来判断是否存在钩状效应。
根据本发明的第一实施方式,在获得预定时间段的反应曲线后,估算待测物的浓度,由该估算的待测物浓度获取正常反应状态下该浓度对应的反应曲线作为参考曲线,通过比较待测物该预定时间段的反应曲线与参考曲线的分布信息,判断样本是否存在钩状效应。
本上下文所说“参考曲线”是指与由预定时间段内的测量值估算的待测物浓度相对应的,没有勾状效应的正常样本中待测物在该估算浓度下的反应曲线。
根据一种实施方式,所述一段时间为反应开始后T 1~T n的预定时间段。根据一个具体的实施方式,T 1=0,即从反应开始时到某时刻T n的一段时间。根据另一具体实施方式,T 1>0,即从反应开始后的某时刻T 1到另一时刻T n的一段时间。
根据本发明,所述预定时间段为反应的前90%中的一段时间。即,反应进行到整个反应时间的90%时对应的时刻为T 90,则T n≤T 90。例如,预定时间段可为整个反应的前80%、前70%、前50%、前30%、甚至前10%中的一段时间。
当免疫反应的反应信号数据或者对反应信号数据求导得到的集合与反应时间的曲线中,曲线中部出现最大值(即反应曲线斜率趋势发生变化时),例如反应速度参考曲线中部出现最大值时,所述预定时间段为整个反应达到最大值之前的一段时间。所述预定时间段选取整个反应进程中的那一部分根据待测物的不同而不同。通常根据测定的具体情况由经验确定。根据本发明,预定时间段优选为反应起始的一段时间,即T 1=0。根据该优选的方式,有利于尽快识别出钩状效应的样本,并停止检测。
通常,用于生成待测物反应曲线的所述预定时间段占整个反应时间的10%~70%,诸如占整个反应时间的15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%,45%,50%或60%的一段时间。根据优选的实施方式,用于生成待测物反应曲线的时间段占整个反应时间的15%~50%,更优选15%~40%。
根据最优选的实施方式,用于生成待测物反应曲线的时间段为反应起始后(即,T 1=0)的前段的反应曲线,终点Tn可以为反应进行10-70%(即,T n=T 10-70),优选10-50%(即,T n=T 10-50),更优选10~40%(即,T n=T 10-40)的一段时间。
根据本发明的方法,在上述时间段内,根据实际检测到的信息,如吸光度,获得实际反应曲线,并根据存储的标准曲线获得估测的待测物浓度。估测待测物浓度的方法与常规获得待测物浓度的方法相同,区别仅在于本发明的方法中,仅使用一段反应,特别是反应起始时间段的检测信息来估测待测物的浓度。
进一步地,本发明的方法利用该估测的待测物浓度来获取相应的参考曲线。如前所述,则通过比较实际反应曲线与参考反应曲线的分布信息,就可以迅速判断出样本是否存在钩状效应。
根据本发明的方法,凭借在相对短的预定时间段获得的反应曲线进行钩状效应的识别,因此可 在反应开始后的较短时间内识别出是否存在钩状效应,进而可在存在钩状效应的情况下尽早终止检测。
在识别出样本存在钩状效应的情况下,终止检测并清洗反应室或利用另外的反应室重新准备或吸入样本并进行适当稀释后重新检测。
在样本中不存在钩状效应的情况下,继续完成反应并报告检测结果。
本发明的方法特别有利于在全血检测中尽早获得检测结果。在医院的门诊临床血液检测中,血常规检测是最常见的检测项目。常规的全自动血液检测仪能够较快完成血常规中诸如红细胞、白细胞和血小板的技术及白细胞分类等各检测项目。而血液中特定蛋白质的检测则相对较慢。最常见的,比如CRP的检测时间往往决定了门诊检验的速度。
常规方法中,如果样本存在钩状效应(在病患中,这种情况往往会存在),则需要在首次检测结束时才能判断出来,再重新处理样本,再次检测。这进一步使门诊检验的速度受到影响。因此本发明的方法有助于加快门诊检验的速度。举例来说,如果CRP的测定时间为60s,则本发明的方法可在10~20s内完成识别。
用于免疫比浊法的检测设备可以是浊度计或比浊计,具体的,可以是散射光检测器或者透射光检测器。可在紫外或近紫外到可见光的范围内(通常为300~800nm)进行测量。测量时反应体系温度通常为环境温度,例如20~40℃,优选为约37℃。
术语“样本”或“待测样本”在上下文中通常指血液样本,特别是全血样本。本文中,待测样本通常是来源于哺乳动物的末梢血或静脉血样本,尤其是来源于人的血液样本。所述样本在进行免疫反应前,已经过必要的处理。所述处理包括但不限于,如抗凝处理、稀释处理、溶血处理等。
进行免疫比浊法检测时,首先将样本从样本管吸入反应室,并依次或同时加入反应试剂,开始反应,并同时开始检测。反应试剂是本领域常规使用的能够与待测物发生免疫反应的试剂,如为包被有抗体或抗原的胶乳,以及使免疫复合物聚集的试剂,如聚乙二醇。在此不再赘述。反应试剂可以是一种溶液,也可以是多种溶液,例如溶解全血样本中红细胞的溶血剂,包被了抗体的聚乙烯微球胶乳试剂,稀释全血样本的缓冲液等。
术语“待测物”在本文中指样本中,尤其是血液样本中的抗原、抗体、蛋白质、多肽等。具体地可为,如C反应蛋白(CRP)、血清淀粉样蛋白(SAA)、降钙素原(简称PCT)、白细胞介素-6(简称IL-6)人绒毛膜促性腺激素、生长激素、黄体生成素、甲胎蛋白以及癌胚抗原等等,但不限于此。
以下参考图2进一步详述本发明的第一实施方式。本发明的方法包括以下步骤。步骤S101,首先将样本与反应试剂混合以使所述样本中的待测物开始进行反应;然后,获取反应开始后T 1~T n的预定时间段内的T i时刻的测量值A i,其中i为1~n的整数,从而得到多个测量值A 1~A n,以生成该时间段的反应曲线。接着,在步骤S102中,基于该时间段的所述反应曲线和预先存储的校准曲线估算待测物的浓度C e。在步骤S103中,根据估算得到的待测物的浓度C e获取预先存储的该浓度的参考曲线。最后在步骤S104中,将该时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较。步骤S105进行判断,如果符合预定特征(如反应曲线和参考曲线的分布信息的差异度高于预定阈值或二者分布信息的变化趋势符合一定规律),则识别为存在钩状效应,进行步骤S106,终止检测;相反,则进行步骤S107,继续检测。
具体地,基于该预定时间段的所述反应曲线计算反应度R d,根据反应度R d通过所述校准曲线估算所述待测物的浓度C e,其中所述反应度R d为所述时间段结束时(T n)的测量值(A n)与所述时间段开始(T 1)时的测量值(A 1)的差(A n-A 1):R d=A n-A 1
申请人通过研究发现,对于非钩状效应的样本,反应一段时间内的反应度与校准曲线是吻合的,因而估算的待测物浓度接近于整个反应完成后测得的浓度。由该估算的浓度获取的正常反应状态(不发生HOOK效应)下的参考曲线与该样本反应初始的反应曲线吻合或相接近。
相反地,对于存在钩状效应的样本,样本中的待测物浓度超出了校准曲线的线性部分。因此在反应初始时,由反应曲线估算的待测物浓度将显著偏高,由此进一步获取的参考曲线将与该存在钩状效应的样本的反应曲线产生偏差(参见图3,其中示出了该存在钩状效应的样本的反应曲线与参考曲线在反应初始的一段的时间内的吸光度随反应时间变化的对比图)。
同样的,存在钩状效应的样本的反应速度和反应加速度都将与参考曲线所代表的常规反应的速度和加速度产生明显差异(参见图4和图5)。
根据本实施方式的一种具体方案,当T 1~T n的时间段内反应曲线和参考曲线的分布信息的差异低于一个预定阈值时,识别为无钩状效应;和当T 1~T n的时间段内反应曲线和参考曲线的分布信息 的差异高于一个预定阈值时,识别为存在钩状效应。
本发明中,将测定条件下反应时间和反应分布信息应用于钩状效应的识别方法中。其中所述反应分布信息为测量值(如吸光度)特征、反应速度特征和/或反应加速度特征。
测量值特征可以直接为预定时间段内的光学测量值(如某个吸光度值),或为预定时间段内的平均测量值,或二者。
根据一种具体实施方式,在判断步骤中,将所述反应曲线在某时刻T i时的光学测量值A i与参考曲线相应时刻的参考值A i(f)按下式计算获得的反应差异度δ i%:
δ i%=[(A i–A i(f))/A i(f)]×100%。
当反应差异度δ i%大于等于预定阈值δ1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
根据另一种具体实施方式,将所述反应曲线在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均测量值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000019
与参考曲线相应时间段内的平均参考值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000020
按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应差异度Δ%:
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000021
当平均反应差异度Δ%大于等于预定阈值Δ1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
根据又一实施方式,按照以上实施方式计算得到反应差异度δ i%和平均反应差异度Δ%。当反应差异度δ i%大于等于预定阈值δ2,且平均反应差异度Δ%大于等于预定阈值Δ2时,判定所述样本存在勾状效应。
所述分布信息也可以为预定时间段内的一个反应速度或反应加速度的值,或预定时间段内的平均反应速度或平均反应加速的值。
具体地,对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A f=f(T f)分别相对于时间进行一阶求导,获得反应速度随时间变化的曲线v=A’=f’(T)和v’=A (f)’=f’(T (f))。
在T i时的反应速度值v i与参考反应速度值v fi(f)按下式计算获得的反应速度差异度δv i%:
δv i%=(|v i-v i(f)|/v i(f))×100%。
当δv i%大于等于预定阈值δv1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
或者,在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均反应速度值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000022
与相应时间段内平均参考反应速度值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000023
按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应速度差异度Δv%:
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000024
当Δv%大于等于预定阈值Δv1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
根据又一实施方式,按照以上实施方式计算得到反应差异度δv i%和平均反应差异度Δv%。当反应差异度δv i%大于等于预定阈值δv2,且平均反应差异度Δv%大于等于预定阈值Δv2时,判定所述样本存在勾状效应。
在反应速度参考曲线中,被测物与检测试剂的反应速度是先增加再减小,曲线存在一个最大值点。也就是在检测过程中,会在反应中期出现一个最大反应速度(参见图4)。
然而在存在钩状效应的样本中,被测物与检测试剂的反应速度是大体持续减小的,实际反应速度在反应前期远大于参考反应速度,但是在后期反而往往小于参考反应速度。
根据一个具体的实例,为对比差异度所选取的某时刻T i,或者某时间段T 1~T n,较佳地,在参考反应速度曲线出现最大参考反应速度所对应的时间点(即T max)之前选取。
此外,研究发现,在存在钩状效应样本中,会出现反应速度曲线与参考反应速度曲线相交叉的情况。在这种情况下,为对比差异度所选取的某时刻T i,应避免在所述交叉点(即实际反应速度=参考反应速度)所对应的时间点附近选取,较佳地,在所对应的时间点之前选取。在选取某时间段T 1~T n时,也可以选择反应开始到交叉点所对应时间点之间的时间段。
不同样本的反应曲线及其参考曲线形状,可能存在差异,本领域技术人员能够理解,可以统计已知没有钩状效应和存在钩状效应的样本,根据以上原则得出合适的T i或T 1、T n的值。
反应加速度可由二阶求导获得。具体地,对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别进行二阶求导,获得反应加速度随时间变化的曲线a=A”=f”(T)和a (f)=A (f)”=f”(T (f))。
在T i时的反应加速度值a i与相应时刻参考反应加速度值a i(f)按下式计算获得反应加速度差异度δa i%:
δa i%=|(a i-a i(f))/a i(f)|×100%
当δa i%高于预定阈值δa1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
或者,在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均反应加速度值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000025
与相应时间段内平均参考平均反应加速度值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000026
按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应加速度的差异度Δa%:
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000027
当Δa%高于预定阈值Δa1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
根据又一实施方式,按照以上实施方式计算得到反应差异度δa i%和平均反应差异度Δa%。当反应差异度δa i%大于等于预定阈值δa2,且平均反应差异度Δa%大于等于预定阈值Δa2时,判定所述样本存在勾状效应。在该实例中,所述预定时间段优选选取参考曲线的反应加速度进入平台期a const(f)(如果存在的话)之前的时间段(参见图5)。
上述各个预定阈值可以相同,也可以不同。根据所使用的检测设备、检测方法、样本及待测物等的不同而不同。通常为统计值或经验值,是T n的函数。
根据又一种实施方式,所述分布信息还可以是预定时间段内反应速度或反应加速度随时间变化的轮廓线,并根据所述轮廓线的变化趋势判断所述样本是否存在钩状效应。
具体地,参见图4,在T 1~T n的时间段内,反应速度曲线具有反应速度随时间不断减少的整体趋势,而同时参考反应速度曲线具有参考反应速度随时间先增大再减少的整体趋势。如果存在上述特征轮廓,则可判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
或者说,当同时满足在T 1~T n的时间段内经平滑处理的反应速度曲线上两个不同时刻T i和T j的反应速度值满足v i>v j(其中j为2~n的整数,且j>i),且在相应的时间段内经拟合的参考反应速度曲线上存在最大值v max(f)时,判定为所述样本存在钩状效应。
或者,参见图5,当同时满足在T 1~T n的时间段内,大部分的相邻两个时刻T i和T j的反应加速度值满足a i<a j,且在相应的T f1~T fn时间段内,大部分相邻两个时刻T fi和T fj的参考反应加速度值满足a fi>a fj时,判定为所述样本存在钩状效应,其中j为2~n的整数,且j>i。
根据本发明的第二实施方式,在获得被测样本中待测物在反应起始的预定时间段内的反应曲线后,由该反应曲线进一步获得该预定时间段内的反应速度或反应加速度的随时间变化的轮廓线,并根据所述轮廓线的变化趋势判断所述样本是否存在钩状效应。本实施方式中,不需要估算待测物浓度,获得参考曲线。
在该实施方式中,所述样本、待测物及预定时间段的定义如前所述。以相同的方法获得预定时间段内的反应曲线。
参考图6,详细说明该第二实施方式。根据该实施方式,在步骤S201中,在样本与反应试剂混合以使所述样本中的待测物开始进行反应后,获取反应开始后T 1~T n的一段的时间内的T i时刻获取测量值A i,其中i为1~n的整数,从而得到多个测量值A 1~A n,以生成该时间段的反应曲线。在步骤S202中,将该时间段内的反应曲线A=f(T)相对于时间T求导,其中一阶求导获得反应速度曲线,二阶求导获得反应加速度曲线。然后进行判断步骤S203,根据求导后的曲线轮廓判断所述样本是否存在钩状效应。当存在钩状效应时,进行步骤S204,终止检测;反之则进行步骤S205,继续当前检测。
具体地,对所述反应曲线A=f(T)相对于时间T进行一阶求导,获得反应速度随时间变化的曲线v=A’=f’(T),当满足在T 1~T n的时间段内,大部分相邻两个时刻T i和T j的反应速度值满足v i>v  j,其中j为2~n的整数,且j>i时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
根据另一具体实施方式,对所述反应曲线A=f(T)相对于时间T进行二阶求导,获得反应加速度随时间变化的曲线a=A”=f”(T),当满足在T 1~T n的时间段内,大部分相邻两个时刻T i和T j的反应加速度值满足a i<a j,其中j为2~n的整数,且i<j时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
当识别出样本存在钩状效应时,终止检测;否则继续检测。
可选地,重新制备或吸取样本至反应室,以增大的稀释比进行适当稀释后重新测定。
本发明还涉及一种能够实施上述识别方法的血液分析系统。
所述血液分析系统包括采样部,试剂供应部、包括反应室的反应部、数据处理模块和控制器。
参见图7,其中示意性地示出了一种具体血液分析系统,全自动血液分析仪1。该血液仪1具有第一机壳11、第二机壳12、采样部20、反应部30、试剂供应部(未示出)、检测系统40、主机系统50及输出部60。在实际应用中输出部60可以为用户界面。本实施方式中,检测系统40及主机系统50设置在第二机壳12的内部。反应部30设置在第一机壳11的内部。其中检测系统靠近反应部30的反应室(未示出)以便于检测。输出部60、采样部20在第一机壳11的外表面。
所述采样部20,具有采样针,采集血液样本,并将采集的血液样本输送至反应部30的反应室。
所述试剂供应部贮存如上所述的用于与血液样本反应的第一反应试剂以及其他必要试剂并根据需要将相应的试剂供应到所述反应部。
所述反应部30,可包括第一反应室,第一反应室配置为使得来自采样部的所述血液样本和来自试剂供应部的第一反应试剂在该反应室中进行反应,生成抗体-抗原复合粒子。
所述检测系统40包括:光源和对反应室中的反应体系进行检测的检测器,用于获取所述反应体系的测量值。检测器可包括比浊计和/或浊度计。
主机系统50包括处理器、存储器和控制器。控制器,和所述采样部、试剂供应部、反应部和检测系统耦合,控制所述采样部、试剂供应部、反应部和检测系统的动作。处理器与所述检测系统50耦合。存储器非可为暂时性计算机可读存储介质,其中存储有计算机程序。其中当所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时,执行本发明的上述钩状效应的识别方法。控制器还与处理器可操作地连接,用于接收来自处理器的检测结果。
本发明中,当处理器得出样本存在钩状效应的结果时,控制器控制所述检测系统停止检测。
进一步地,本发明的系统还可自动进行重新检测。控制器进一步发出重新检测的指令。在控制器的控制下,清除反应室中的液体并清洗反应室;采样部20、反应部30、试剂供应部、检测系统40再次配合进行重新检测。控制所述采样部对所述样本再次采样,将血液样本输送至反应部的第一反应室;并控制所述试剂供应部将所述第一反应试剂提供到所述第一反应室,制备第二试液,所述第二试液中样本的稀释倍数大于第一试液中样本的稀释倍数;并控制所述检测系统对所述第二试液进行再次检测。
所述输出部60,配置为当处理器得出样本不存在钩状效应的结果时,根据控制器发出的指令输出对应样本中待测物的检测结果。
本发明的血液分析系统还可具有告警装置(未示出),用于当所述数据处理模块判断所述样本存在钩状效应时告警。
根据进一步的实施方式,本发明的血液分析系统,还包括第二检测系统,所述反应部还包括第二反应室。
所述第二检测系统,包括光源、供细胞逐个排队通过的流动室、液路系统和第二检测器。
根据该实施方式,本发明的血液分析系统可同时对全血样本进行血常规检测和对特定蛋白质(如,C反应蛋白)进行免疫比浊法检测。
在该实施方式中,所述控制器控制所述采样部将样本分为两份,分别输送到第一反应室和第二反应室。
其中利用免疫比浊法的检测如上所述。另一检测,如血常规的检测中,所述控制器控制所述试剂供应部将第二试剂输送到第二反应室。所述样本在第二反应室中与所述第二试剂反应,得到第三试液。
第二试剂的一个实例可包括溶血剂和染色剂,但不限于此。
控制所述第二检测系统,在所述液路系统的驱动下,所述第三试液被输送到所述流动室,所述光源照射所述流动室,且所述第二检测器收集细胞产生的散射光信号。
所述处理器,获得所述散射光信号,并根据所述散射光信号将样本中的白细胞分为至少淋巴细胞、单核细胞和中性粒细胞三类。
所述第二检测系统进一步包括第三检测器,所述第三检测器收集细胞产生的荧光信号,根据散射光信号和荧光信号将白细胞至少分为淋巴细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞四类。
根据第二检测系统收集到的散射光和荧光信号,还可进一步进行红细胞、白细胞、血小板等的计数和分类。
本发明进一步提供一种计算机可读存储介质。所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有可执行指令,该可执行指令被上述处理器执行时实现前述用于免疫比浊法的钩状效应识别方法的步骤。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是前述存储器或其部件,其中存储了所述计算机程序,并由血液分析系统的处理器执行,以完成前述方法步骤。
计算机可读存储介质可以是FRAM、ROM、PROM、EPROM、EEPROM、Flash Memory、磁表面存储器、光盘或CD-ROM等,也可以是包括上述存储介质之一或任意组合的各种设备。
以下通过具体实施例来进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
在血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)检测中取5个已知存在钩状效应的全血样本在迈瑞BC-5390CRP上进行检测。每个样本的最长检测时长为80s。获取每秒的信号绘制原始反应曲线(即吸光度曲线,参见图8)。
获取原始反应曲线上T 1=5s和T 2=20s时刻的信号值A 1和A 2。使用T 1=5s至T 2=20s时刻,每秒的信号值(即吸光度),计算信号均值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000028
根据T 1~T 2之间原始反应曲线估算该样本的SAA浓度值C e(参见下表1)。然后,由所估算的浓度C e从存储的参考曲线中,查到该浓度C e下对应的曲线, 并将该曲线作为参考反应曲线(参见图8)。
同样的,获取参考反应曲线上T 1和T 2对应的信号值A 1(f)和A 2(f)。根据T 1~T 2之间的每秒的信号值计算信号均值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000029
(参见下表2)。
表1 样本中SAA的原始测量结果及估算的浓度
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000030
表2:根据参考反应曲线T 1=5s和T 2=20s的相应信号值及信号均值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000031
根据以下公式计算T 1,以及T 2时间点,原始反应曲线和参考反应曲线该时间点信号值的差异度:
δ i%=[(A i–A i(f))/A i(f)]×100%
T i=5s或20s,当δ i%≥15%时判定为具有钩状效应;
在本实施例中,5秒和20秒的δ i%均大于15%。在一些报警精度要求不高的场合,可以根据5秒或20秒之一的δ i%是否大于阈值进行该样本是否存在钩状效应的报警。还可以,根据T 1~T 2之间的其他时刻,例如10秒或者15秒的δ i%是否大于阈值来报警。
或者,根据以下公式计算原始反应曲线和参考反应曲线5s~20s信号均值的差异度:
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000032
当Δ%≥15%时判定为具有钩状效应。
具体结果如表3所示。
表3:T 1=5s、T 16=20s时的信号值差异度及5~20s信号均值的差异度
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000033
由上表3可以看出,由反应最初的15s内的估算的SAA浓度从存储的校准曲线中查出相应的参考曲线,比较反应最初15s内某个时刻原始信号值与参考曲线相应时刻的信号值的差异度,当差异度大于等于15%时,则判定样本存在钩状效应。
或者将反应最初15s内原始信号的平均值以及参考曲线相应时段的平均值进行比较,当差异度大于等于15%时,则判定样本存在钩状效应。
实施例2
对实施例1中获取的原始反应曲线以及参考反应曲线分别进行一阶求导,获得原始反应速度曲线和参考反应速度曲线(参见图9)。
根据原始反应速度曲线,获得T 1=5s和T 2=20s时的原始反应速度v 1和v 2。根据T 1~T 2之间的每秒的始反应速度计算的均值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000034
(参见下表4)。
同样的,获取参考反应曲线一阶求导后的T 1和T 2时的参考反应速度v 1(f)和v 2(f)。根据T 1~T 2之间的每秒的反应速度,计算的均值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000035
(参见下表5)。
表4 样本中SAA在T 1和T 2时的原始反应速度及平均反应速度
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000036
表5:参考反应速度曲线中在T 1和T 2时的反应速度及平均反应速度
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000037
根据以下公式计算T 1和T 2时间点,原始反应速度曲线和参考反应速度曲线该时间点反应速度的差异度:
δv i%=(|v i-v i(f)|/v i(f))×100%
T i=5s或20s,当T 1和T 2之一存在δv i%≥12%时判定为具有钩状效应。
本领域技术人员能够理解,也可以选取T 1~T 2之间的其他时刻,例如10秒或者15秒的δv i%是否大于阈值来报警。另外,本实施例中,由于原始反应速度曲线和参考反应速度曲线,有相互接近甚至交叉的时刻,本领域技术人员能理解,最好避免选择这些时刻来计算δv i%。选择不同的时刻,阈值也可能不同,可以根据已知样本的统计获得合适的阈值。
或者根据以下公式计算原始反应速度曲线和参考反应速度,5s~20s平均反应速度的差异度:
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000038
当Δv%≥12%时判定为具有钩状效应。
具体结果如表6所示。
表6:T 1=5s、T 2=20s时的反应速度差异度及5~20s平均反应速度的差异度
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000039
由上表6可以看出,样本反应速度在最初的15s内与参比反应曲线的反应速度具有显著的差异性,比较最初15s内某一时刻的反应速度与参考曲线相应时刻的反应速度的差异度,当有一个时刻的差异度大于等于12%时,则判定样本存在钩状效应。
或者将反应最初15s内反应速度的平均值以及参考曲线相应时段的平均值进行比较,当差异度大于等于12%时,则判定样本存在钩状效应。
此外,根据图9,可通过反应速度曲线和参考反应速度曲线的轮廓进行钩状效应的判断。由图9可见,样本1~5的任意一个样本中,实际反应速度一定时间段内,在后时刻的反应速度始终小于在前时刻的反应速度,而参考曲线在该时间段内则出现了反应速度的最大值。
或者,在其他一些报警精度要求不太高时,也可以单纯利用原始反应速度曲线来报警,例如从0秒开始,连续比较后一秒和前一秒的反应速度,统计一段时间,如果反应速度随时间推移是连续下降的,基本可以判断,该样本存在钩状效应。
实施例3
对实施例1中获取的原始反应曲线以及参考反应曲线分别进行二阶求导,获得原始反应加速度曲线和参考反应加速度曲线(参见图10)。
根据原始测量曲线二阶求导后T 1=5s和T 2=20s时的原始反应加速度a 1和a 2,及根据5~20秒内每一秒的加速度值计算的均值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000040
(参见下表7)。
根据参考反应曲线二阶求导后的T 1和T 2时的参考反应加速度a 1(f)和a 2(f),及根据5~20秒内每一秒的加速度值计算的均值
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000041
(参见下表8)。
表7 样本中SAA在T 1和T 2时的原始反应加速度及平均反应加速度
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000042
表8:参考反应加速度曲线中在T 1和T 2时的反应加速度及平均反应加速度
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000043
根据以下公式计算T 1和T 2时间点反应加速度的差异度:
δa i%=|(a i-a i(f))/a i(f)|×100%
Ti=5s或20s,当T 1和T 2之一存在δa i%≥80%时判定为具有钩状效应。同样的,也可以选取T 1~T 2之间的其他时刻,例如10秒或者15秒的δa i%是否大于阈值来报警。另外,本实施例中,由于原始反应加速度曲线和参考反应加速度曲线,有相互接近甚至交叉的时刻,本领域技术人员应理解,最好避免选择这些时刻来计算δa i%。选择不同的时刻,阈值也可能不同,可以根据已知样本的统计获得合适的阈值。
并根据以下公式计算5s~20s测量均值的差异度:
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000044
当Δa%≥80%时判定为具有钩状效应。
具体结果如表9所示。
表9:0s、15s时反应加速度差异度及5~20s平均反应加速度的差异度
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000045
Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-000046
由上表9可以看出,样本反应加速度在最初的15s内与参比反应加速度具有很大差异,比较最初15s内某一时刻的反应加速度与参考曲线相应时刻的反应加速度的差异度,当差异度大于等于80%时,则判定样本存在钩状效应。
或者将反应最初15s内反应加速度的平均值以及参考曲线相应时段的平均值进行比较,当差异度大于等于80%时,则判定样本存在钩状效应。
此外,根据图10,可通过原始反应加速度曲线和参考反应加速度曲线的轮廓进行钩状效应的判断。由图10可见,样本1~5的任意一个样本中,实际反应加速度曲线上,在后时刻的反应加速度始终大于在前时刻的反应加速度,而参考曲线在后时刻的反应加速度始终小于在前时刻的反应加速度。由此判断样本存在钩状效应。
或者,在其他一些报警精度要求不太高时,也可以单纯利用原始反应加速度曲线来报警,例如从0秒开始,连续比较后一秒和前一秒的反应加速度,统计一段时间,如果反应加速度随时间推移是连续增加的,基本可以判断,该样本存在钩状效应。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方式,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是在本发明的发明构思下,利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换,或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (45)

  1. 一种用于免疫比浊法的钩状效应识别方法,所述方法包括:
    a)在样本与反应试剂混合以使所述样本中的待测物开始进行反应后,获取反应开始后T 1~T n的预定时间段内的T i时刻的测量值A i,其中i为1~n的整数,从而得到多个测量值A 1~A n,以生成该时间段的反应曲线;
    b)基于该时间段的所述反应曲线估算待测物的浓度C e
    c)根据估算得到的待测物的浓度C e获取预先存储的该浓度的参考曲线;
    d)将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较,以判断所述样本是否存在钩状效应。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,步骤a)中,T n小于等于反应进行到整个反应时间的90%时的时间T 90,优选小于等于反应进行到整个反应时间的70%时的时间T 70,更优选小于等于反应进行到整个反应时间的50%时的时间T 50
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,步骤a)中,T n小于等于参考曲线的斜率趋势产生变化的所对应的时间点。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述预定时间段占整个反应时间的10~70%,优选15~50%,更优选15~40%。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,用于生成待测物反应曲线的时间段为反应起始后至反应进行了10~70%、优选10~50%、更优选10~40%的一段时间。
  6. 根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述分布信息为选自测量值特征、反应速度特征和反应加速度特征中的至少一种。
  7. 根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述反应曲线的分布信息与所述参考曲线的分布信息的差异符合预定特征,则识别为样本存在钩状效应,并终止检测。
  8. 根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:将该预定时间段的反应曲线的测量值与相应时间段的参考曲线的测量值进行比较。
  9. 根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:对反应曲线和参考曲线分别进行一阶求导得到反应速度曲线和参考速度曲线并进行比较。
  10. 根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:对反应曲线和参考曲线分别进行二阶求导得到反应加速度曲线和参考加速度曲线并进行比较。
  11. 根据权利要求1~10中任一项所述的方法,其中,将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:比较相同反应时间点的反应曲线和参考曲线的相应的分布信息的值,和/或比较相同时间段内反应曲线和参考曲线多个相应的分布信息的平均值。
  12. 根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤d)中,将所述反应曲线在T i时的测量值A i与参考曲线相应时刻的参考值A i(f)按下式计算获得的反应差异度δ i%:
    δ i%=[(A i–A i(f))/A i(f)]×100%
    当δ i%大于等于预定阈值δ1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应,
    或者,
    将所述反应曲线在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均测量值
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100001
    与参考曲线相应时间段内的平均参考值
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100002
    按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应差异度Δ%:
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100003
    当Δ%大于等于预定阈值Δ1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
  13. 根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤d)中,将所述反应曲线在T i时的测量值A i与参考曲线相应时刻的参考值A i(f)按下式计算获得的反应差异度δ i%:
    δ i%=[(A i–A i(f))/A i(f)]×100%
    当δ i%大于等于预定阈值δ2时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应,且
    将所述反应曲线在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均测量值
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100004
    与参考曲线相应时间段内的平均参考值
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100005
    按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应差异度Δ%:
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100006
    当Δ%大于等于预定阈值Δ2时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
  14. 根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤d)包括:
    对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别相对于时间进行一阶求导,获得反应速度随时间变化的曲线v=A’=f’(T)和v’=A (f)’=f’(T (f));以及
    在T i时的反应速度值v i与相应时刻参考反应速度值v i(f)按下式计算获得的反应速度差异度δv i%:
    δv i%=(|v i-v i(f)|/v i(f))×100%
    当δv i%大于等于预定阈值δv1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应,
    或者,
    在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均反应速度值
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100007
    与相应时间段内平均参考反应速度值
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100008
    按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应速度差异度Δv%:
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100009
    当Δv%大于等于预定阈值Δv1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
  15. 根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤d)包括:
    对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别相对于时间进行一阶求导,获得反应速度随时间变化的曲线v=A’=f’(T)和v’=A (f)’=f’(T (f));以及
    在T i时的反应速度值v i与相应时刻参考反应速度值v i(f)按下式计算获得的反应速度差异度δv i%:
    δv i%=(|v i-v i(f)|/v i(f))×100%
    当δv i%大于等于预定阈值δv2时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应,且
    在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均反应速度值
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100010
    与相应时间段内平均参考反应速度值
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100011
    按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应速度差异度Δv%:
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100012
    当Δv%大于等于预定阈值Δv2时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的方法,其中,T n小于等于差异度δv i%为零所对应的时刻。
  17. 根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤d)包括:
    对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别相对于时间进行一阶求导,获得反应速度随时间变化的曲线v=A’=f’(T)和v’=A (f)’=f’(T (f));以及
    当同时满足在T 1~T n的时间段内反应速度曲线v=A’=f’(T)具有反应速度随时间减少的整体趋势,且在相应时间段内参考反应速度曲线v’=A (f)’=f’(T (f))具有参考反应速度随时间先增大再减少的整体趋势时,判定为所述样本存在钩状效应。
  18. 根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤d)包括:
    对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别进行二阶求导,获得反应加速度随时间变化的曲线a=A”=f”(T)和a f=A (f)”=f”(T (f));和
    在T i时的反应加速度值a i与相应时刻参考反应加速度值a i(f)按下式计算获得反应加速度差异度δa i%:
    δa i%=|(a i-a i(f))/a i(f)|×100%
    当δa i%大于等于预定阈值δa1时,判定为所述样本存在钩状效应,
    或者,
    在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均反应加速度值
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100013
    与相应时间段内平均参考平均反应加速度值
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100014
    按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应加速度的差异度Δa%:
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100015
    当Δa%大于等于预定阈值Δa1时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
  19. 根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤d)包括:
    对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别进行二阶求导,获得反应加速度随时间变化的曲线a=A”=f”(T)和a (f)=A (f)”=f”(T (f));和
    在T i时的反应加速度值a i与相应时刻参考反应加速度值a i(f)按下式计算获得反应加速度差异度δa i%:
    δa i%=|(a i-a i(f))/a i(f)|×100%
    当δa i%大于等于预定阈值δa2时,判定为所述样本存在钩状效应,且
    在T 1~T n的时间段内的平均反应加速度值
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100016
    与相应时间段内平均参考平均反应加速度值
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100017
    按下式计算获得该时间段内的平均反应加速度的差异度Δa%:
    Figure PCTCN2019104452-appb-100018
    当Δa%大于等于预定阈值Δa2时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的方法,其中,T n小于等于参考反应加速度达到基本恒定的值a const(f)时的时刻。
  21. 根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤d)包括:
    对所述反应曲线A=f(T)和所述参考曲线A (f)=f(T (f))分别进行二阶求导,获得反应加速度随时间变化的曲线a=A”=f”(T)和a (f)=A (f)”=f”(T (f));和
    当同时满足在T 1~T n的时间段内反应加速度曲线a=A”=f”(T)具有反应加速度随时间增加的整体趋势,且参考反应加速度曲线a (f)=A (f)”=f”(T (f))具有参考反应加速度随时间减小的整体趋势时,判定为所述样本存在钩状效应。
  22. 一种用于免疫比浊法的钩状效应识别方法,所述方法包括:
    a)在样本与反应试剂混合以使所述样本中的待测物开始进行反应后,获取反应开始后T 1~T n的一段的时间内的T i时刻获取测量值A i,其中i为1~n的整数,从而得到多个测量值A 1~A n,以生成该时间段的反应曲线;
    b)将该时间段内的反应曲线A=f(T)相对于时间T求导,根据求导后的曲线轮廓判断所述样本是否存在钩状效应。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中,步骤a)中,T n小于等于反应进行到整个反应时间的90%时的时间T 90,优选小于等于反应进行到整个反应时间的70%时的时间T 70,更优选小于等于反应进行到整个反应时间的50%时的时间T 50
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中,所述预定时间段占整个反应时间的10~70%,优选15~50%,更优选15~40%。
  25. 根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中,用于生成待测物反应曲线的时间段为反应起始后至反应进行了10~70%、优选10~50%、更优选10~40%的一段时间。
  26. 根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中,所述求导为一阶求导或二阶求导。
  27. 根据权利要求22~25中任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤b)中,对所述反应曲线A=f(T)相对于时间T进行一阶求导,获得反应速度随时间变化的曲线v=A’=f’(T),和
    当满足在T 1~T n的时间段内反应速度曲线v=A’=f’(T)具有反应速度随时间不断减少的整体趋势时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
  28. 根据权利要求22~25中任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤b)中,对所述反应曲线A=f(T)相对于时间T进行二阶求导,获得反应加速度随时间变化的曲线a=A”=f”(T),和
    当满足在T 1~T n的时间段内反应加速度曲线a=A”=f”(T)具有反应加速度随时间增加的整体趋势时,判定所述样本存在钩状效应。
  29. 根据权利要求1~28中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述样本为哺乳动物,优选为人的全血样本。
  30. 根据权利要求1~29中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述样本中的待测物为蛋白质,优选为C反应蛋白或血清淀粉样蛋白。
  31. 根据权利要求1~30中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述方法在混合样本与反应试剂之前进一步包括吸取所述样本至反应室,加入反应试剂混合的步骤,所述样本与试剂反应,样本中的红细胞被裂解。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中,所述反应试剂包括能与所述待测物进行特异性反应的物质,优选包被有所述特异性反应物的胶乳。
  33. 根据权利要求1~32中任一项所述的方法,其中,在混合样本与反应试剂之前,将所述样本等分为至少两等份,其中一份样本进行血常规检测,另一份样本进行所述待测物检测并经受根据权利要求1~32中定义的步骤。
  34. 一种血液分析系统,所述血液分析系统包括:
    采样部,用于获取血液样本,并将所述血液样本输送到所述反应部;
    试剂供应部,用于贮存第一反应试剂并根据需要供应到所述反应部;
    反应部,包括第一反应室,用于将所述血液样本与所述第一反应试剂混合制备第一试液;
    检测系统,包括光源和对所述第一试液进行检测的检测器,用于获取所述试液的测量值;
    控制器,所述控制器和所述采样部、试剂供应部、反应部和检测系统偶联,控制所述采样部、试剂供应部、反应部和检测系统的动作;和
    处理器,所述处理器和检测系统耦合,
    所述处理器从检测系统获取反应开始后T 1~T n的预定时间段内的T i时刻的测量值A i,其中i为1~n的整数,从而得到多个测量值A 1~A n,以生成该时间段的反应曲线;基于该时间段的所述反应曲线和预先存储的校准曲线估算待测物的浓度C e;根据估算得到的待测物的浓度C e获取预先存储的该浓度的参考曲线;和将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较,以判断所述样本是否存在钩状效应,
    或者,所述处理器从检测系统获取反应开始后T 1~T n的一段的时间内的T i时刻获取测量值A i,其中i为1~n的整数,从而得到多个测量值A 1~A n,以生成该时间段的反应曲线;将该时间段内的反应曲线A=f(T)相对于时间T求导,根据求导后的曲线轮廓判断所述样本是否存在钩状效应,所述处理器将判断结果输出给所述控制器。
  35. 根据权利要求34中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述处理器将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:将该预定时间段的反应曲线的测量值与相应时间段的参考曲线的测量值进行比较。
  36. 根据权利要求34中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述处理器将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:对反应曲线和参考曲线分别进行一阶求导得到反应速度曲线和参考速度曲线并进行比较。
  37. 根据权利要求34中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述处理器将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:对反应曲线和参考曲线分别进行二阶求导得到反应加速度曲线和参考加速度曲线并进行比较。
  38. [根据细则91更正 25.09.2019] 
    根据权利要求34~37中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述处理器将该预定时间段的反应曲线的分布信息与相应时间段的参考曲线的分布信息进行比较的步骤包括:比较相同反应时间点的反应曲线和参考曲线的相应的分布信息的值,和/或比较相同时间段内反应曲线和参考曲线多个相应的分布信息的平均值。
  39. [根据细则91更正 25.09.2019]
    根据权利要求34~38中任一项所述的血液分析系统,所述控制器接收到当前检测样本为存在钩状效应的结果,控制所述检测系统停止检测;
    控制所述采样部对所述样本再次采样,并将样本输送到所述反应部的第一反应室;
    控制所述试剂供应部将所述第一反应试剂提供到所述第一反应室,制备第二试液,所述第二试液中样本的稀释倍数大于第一试液中样本的稀释倍数;和
    控制所述检测系统对所述第二试液进行检测。
  40. [根据细则91更正 25.09.2019] 
    根据权利要求34~39中任一项所述的血液分析系统,其中,所述检测器包括光度计,具体为浊度计和/或比浊计。
  41. [根据细则91更正 25.09.2019] 
    根据权利要求34~40中任一项所述的血液分析系统,其中,所述样本为全血样本,所述第一试剂包括溶血剂,用于裂解样本中的红细胞,和胶乳试剂,用于与样本中的待测物进行免疫比浊反应。
  42. [根据细则91更正 25.09.2019]
    根据权利要求34~41中任一项所述的血液分析系统,还包括第二检测系统,所述反应部还包括第二反应室;所述第二检测系统,包括光源、供细胞逐个排队通过的流动室、液路系统和第二检测器;
    所述控制器控制所述采样部将样本分为两份,分别输送到第一反应室和第二反应室;控制所述试剂供应部将第二试剂输送到第二反应室,所述样本在所述第二反应室中与所述第二试剂反应,得到第三试液;控制所述第二检测系统,在所述液路系统的驱动下,所述第三试液被输送到所述流动室,所述光源照射所述流动室,且所述第二检测器收集细胞产生的散射光信号;
    所述处理器,获得所述散射光信号,并根据所述散射光信号将样本中的白细胞分为至少淋巴细胞、单核细胞和中性粒细胞三类。
  43. 根据权利要求34所述的血液分析系统,其中,所述第二检测系统进一步包括第三检测器,所述第三检测器收集细胞产生的荧光信号,根据散射光信号和荧光信号将白细胞至少分为淋巴细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞四类。
  44. [根据细则91更正 25.09.2019] 
    根据权利要求42或43所述的血液分析系统,其中,所述第二试剂包括溶血剂和染色剂。
  45. 一种计算机可读介质,存储有可执行指令,其中,所述计算机可读存储介质配置为引起处理器执行所述可执行指令时,实现权利要求1~28中任一项所述的用于免疫比浊法的钩状效应识别方法。
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