WO2021022993A1 - 二次电池的盖组件及二次电池 - Google Patents

二次电池的盖组件及二次电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021022993A1
WO2021022993A1 PCT/CN2020/102828 CN2020102828W WO2021022993A1 WO 2021022993 A1 WO2021022993 A1 WO 2021022993A1 CN 2020102828 W CN2020102828 W CN 2020102828W WO 2021022993 A1 WO2021022993 A1 WO 2021022993A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust valve
cover assembly
secondary battery
protrusion
protective member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/102828
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李全坤
张诗尧
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021022993A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021022993A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/155—Lids or covers characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of energy storage devices, and in particular to a cover assembly of a secondary battery and a secondary battery.
  • Various aspects of the present application provide a cover assembly of a secondary battery and a secondary battery to solve the problems in the prior art and improve the safety performance of the secondary battery.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a secondary battery cover assembly, including:
  • An exhaust valve which is sealed in the vent hole, and the exhaust valve is set to deform in response to an increase in temperature to escape the state of blocking the vent hole;
  • the protective member at least partially covers the vent hole, and the gas permeability coefficient of the protective member is smaller than the gas permeability coefficient of the exhaust valve.
  • the melting point of the exhaust valve ranges from 80°C to 200°C
  • the protective component is a metal sheet.
  • the protective component is arranged on one side of the exhaust valve.
  • the protective component is attached to the side surface of the exhaust valve away from the vent hole and completely covers the vent hole.
  • the cover assembly further includes a pressure block, the pressure block having a central hole arranged opposite to the vent hole;
  • the pressure block is fixed to the cover plate and located on a side of the exhaust valve away from the vent hole, and the exhaust valve is fixed to the top cover plate by the pressure block.
  • the protective member is attached to the side surface of the pressure block away from the vent hole and completely covers the vent hole.
  • the projection of the protective component along the thickness direction of the cover assembly is located within the projection of the central hole along the thickness direction of the cover assembly.
  • a first protrusion is provided on a side surface of the cover plate facing the exhaust valve, and the first protrusion is crimped to the exhaust valve; and/or,
  • a second protrusion is provided on a side surface of the pressure block facing the exhaust valve, and the second protrusion is crimped on the exhaust valve.
  • the protective component is at least partially disposed inside the exhaust valve.
  • the protective member completely covers the vent hole.
  • the protective component includes a body, a connecting part and an extension part;
  • the body is in the shape of a flat plate, and the body completely covers the ventilation hole;
  • the connecting portion is connected between the main body and the extension portion and is bent relative to the main body;
  • the extension part extends in a direction away from the ventilation hole.
  • a first protrusion is provided on a surface of the cover plate facing the exhaust valve, and the first protrusion is crimped to the exhaust valve;
  • a second protrusion is provided on a surface of the pressure block facing the exhaust valve, and the second protrusion is crimped to the exhaust valve;
  • the first protrusion is located on a side of the connecting portion close to the air hole; the second protrusion is located on a side of the connecting portion away from the air hole.
  • it also includes:
  • a sealing component surrounds the vent hole
  • the sealing member is provided between the exhaust valve and the cover plate for sealing the gap between the exhaust valve and the cover plate; or, the sealing member is provided between the protective member and the cover plate. Between the cover plates, it is used to seal the gap between the protective component and the cover plate.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a secondary battery, including:
  • An electrode assembly housed in the housing;
  • the cover assembly covers the opening of the housing to enclose the electrode assembly in the housing.
  • the cap assembly blocks the vent through the exhaust valve, and the exhaust valve is set to deform in response to an increase in temperature to escape the state of blocking the vent,
  • the exhaust valve no longer blocks the vent, so that the gas in the casing can be discharged through the vent.
  • the air pressure inside the casing can be reduced to prevent the secondary battery from exploding.
  • part of the heat can be taken away by exhausting the gas, thereby slowing down the thermal runaway speed of the secondary battery, and providing sufficient escape time for passengers.
  • At least part of the protective member covers the vent hole, and the gas permeability coefficient of the protective member is smaller than that of the exhaust valve. Therefore, it can prevent water vapor or other gas from the outside of the casing from penetrating into the inside of the casing, thereby preventing a decrease in The service life of the secondary battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a secondary battery provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a main cross-sectional view of the structure of a secondary battery provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the structure of the cover assembly of the secondary battery provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of a cover assembly of a secondary battery provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of B in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of C in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cover plate in Figure 6;
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the structure of the cover assembly of the secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of a cover assembly of a secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D of Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged view of E in Figure 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a structural exploded view of a cover assembly of a secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 14 is a front view of a cover assembly of a secondary battery provided by still another embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line F-F of Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is an enlarged view of G in Figure 15;
  • FIG. 17 is an exploded view of the structure of the cover assembly of the secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 18 is a front view of a cover assembly of a secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line H-H of Figure 18;
  • Figure 20 is an enlarged view of I in Figure 19;
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the exhaust valve in FIG. 20 in cooperation with the protective component;
  • Figure 22 is a structural sectional view of the protective component in Figure 21;
  • Figure 23 is a perspective view of the structure of the protective component in Figure 17;
  • 24 is an exploded view of the structure of the cover assembly of the secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • 25 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cover assembly of a secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 26 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cover assembly of a secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary battery provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is a main cross-sectional view of the structure of a secondary battery provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a secondary battery 100, which includes a case 2, an electrode assembly 3 and a cover assembly 1.
  • the housing 2 can be hexahedral or other shapes, and the housing 2 forms a accommodating cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly 3 and the electrolyte.
  • One end of the housing 2 is open so that the electrode assembly 3 can pass through the housing 2
  • the opening is placed in the accommodating cavity of the housing 2, and a plurality of electrode assemblies 3 can be arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the plurality of electrode assemblies 3 are stacked on each other.
  • the housing 2 can be made of a metal material, such as aluminum or aluminum alloy, or it can be made of an insulating material, such as plastic.
  • the electrode assembly 3 includes an electrode unit and a tab.
  • the electrode unit includes a negative pole piece, a positive pole piece, and a separator.
  • the separator is located between adjacent negative pole pieces and positive pole pieces to separate the negative pole pieces. With positive pole piece.
  • the negative pole piece, the isolation film, and the positive pole piece are sequentially stacked and wound to form the electrode unit of the electrode assembly 3, that is, the electrode unit has a wound structure.
  • the negative pole piece, the isolation film, and the positive pole piece are sequentially stacked to form the electrode unit of the electrode assembly 3, and the electrode unit has a laminated structure. After the electrode unit is formed, there is a gap, and the electrolyte can enter the electrode unit through the gap and wet the negative pole piece and the positive pole piece.
  • the negative pole piece includes a negative current collector (such as copper foil) and a negative active material layer (such as carbon or silicon) coated on the surface of the negative current collector, and the positive pole piece includes a positive current collector (such as aluminum foil) and is coated on the positive electrode.
  • Positive active material layer on the surface of the current collector for example, ternary material, lithium iron phosphate or lithium cobalt oxide.
  • the negative pole tab is connected with the negative pole piece and extends from the electrode unit, and the negative pole tab can be directly cut from the negative electrode current collector.
  • the positive pole tab is connected with the positive pole piece and extends from the electrode unit, and the positive pole tab can be directly formed by cutting the positive electrode current collector.
  • the cover assembly 1 includes a cover plate 11 and an electrode terminal 17, and the cover plate 11 is fixed to The opening of the case 2 seals the electrode assembly 3 and the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity of the case 2.
  • the electrode terminal 17 is arranged on the cover plate 11 and includes a negative electrode terminal 17 and a positive electrode terminal 17, two electrode terminals 17 and Corresponding tabs are electrically connected through the adapter sheet 4.
  • the cover plate 11 is provided with an explosion-proof hole 111, and the explosion-proof disk 12 covers the explosion-proof hole 111.
  • the aforementioned adapter sheet 4 is located between the electrode unit of the electrode assembly 3 and the cover plate 11.
  • the adapter piece 4 includes a negative electrode adapter piece 4 and a positive electrode adapter piece 4.
  • the negative electrode adapter piece 4 is used to connect the negative electrode tab and the negative electrode terminal 17, and the positive electrode adapter piece 4 is used to connect the positive electrode tab and the positive electrode.
  • Terminal 17 The cover assembly 1 further includes an insulating plate 16 to insulate the cover plate 11 from the electrode assembly 3.
  • the above-mentioned multiple secondary batteries 100 can form a battery module.
  • the battery module if one secondary battery 100 is thermally out of control, the heat will be transferred to the adjacent secondary battery 100, thereby causing surrounding secondary batteries 100. Thermal runaway also occurs.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the cover assembly 1 of a secondary battery 100 provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 5 is FIG. 4
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of B in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of C in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cover 11 in Fig. 6.
  • the cover assembly 1 includes a cover plate 11, an exhaust valve 13 and a protective component 14.
  • the cover plate 11 has a vent 112.
  • the exhaust valve 13 is sealed in the vent hole 112, and the exhaust valve 13 is configured to deform in response to an increase in temperature to escape the state of blocking the vent hole 112.
  • the protective member 14 at least partially covers the vent 112, and the gas permeability coefficient of the protective member 14 is smaller than the gas permeability coefficient of the exhaust valve 13.
  • the cover assembly 1 blocks the vent hole 112 through the exhaust valve 13, and the exhaust valve 13 is set to deform in response to an increase in temperature to escape the state of blocking the vent hole 112.
  • the secondary battery 100 When the internal temperature of the housing 2 rises, the exhaust valve 13 no longer blocks the vent hole 112, so that the gas in the housing 2 can be discharged through the vent hole 112.
  • the air pressure inside the housing 2 can be reduced to prevent secondary batteries.
  • An explosion occurs in 100, on the other hand, a part of the heat can be taken away by exhausting the gas, thereby slowing down the thermal runaway speed of the secondary battery 100, and providing sufficient escape time for passengers.
  • the gas permeability coefficient of the protective member 14 is smaller than that of the exhaust valve 13, and therefore, the water vapor or other gases outside the casing 2 can be prevented from penetrating into the casing 2. , Thereby improving the service life of the secondary battery 100.
  • the above-mentioned gas permeability coefficient refers to the volume of gas per unit thickness and unit area of the sample per unit time under constant temperature and unit pressure difference and stable permeation.
  • the unit is cubic centimeter/square centimeter/second/ Pa/cm (cm3/cm2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa ⁇ cm). It can be seen that the smaller the gas permeability coefficient, the better the air tightness.
  • the aforementioned exhaust valve 13 has a melting point lower than that of the cover plate 11.
  • the material of the exhaust valve 13 may be PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), and the like.
  • the exhaust valve 13 will be deformed, that is, melting or softening will occur.
  • the exhaust valve 13 will break away from the blocked state of the vent 112, thereby causing The ventilation hole 112 is opened, and the gas inside the casing 2 of the secondary battery 100 can be discharged to the outside of the casing 2 through the ventilation hole 112.
  • the melting point of the exhaust valve 13 ranges from 80° C. to 200° C.
  • the protective component 14 is a metal sheet.
  • the protective member 14 made of metal can not only prevent water vapor or other gases outside the casing 2 from penetrating into the inside of the casing 2, but also prevent the electrolyte in the casing 2 of the secondary battery 100 from permeating to the outside of the casing 2, thereby The service life of the secondary battery 100 is improved.
  • the above-mentioned metal sheet may be aluminum sheet, stainless steel sheet or nickel sheet, and aluminum sheet may be selected.
  • the aluminum sheet has the advantages of light weight and good permeability resistance.
  • the metal sheet can be made of aluminum foil.
  • the weight of the aluminum foil is lighter.
  • the protective component 14 is arranged on one side of the exhaust valve 13.
  • the protective member 14 may be arranged on the upper or lower side of the exhaust valve 13, and may be fixed by bonding or other means.
  • the protective component 14 is attached to the side surface of the exhaust valve 13 away from the vent hole 112 and completely covers the vent hole 112. Since the protective member 14 completely covers the vent 112, the anti-permeability performance of the electrolyte inside the housing 2 is further improved.
  • the cover assembly 1 further includes a pressing block 15 having a central hole 151 arranged opposite to the vent 112.
  • the pressure block 15 is fixed to the cover plate 11 and is located on the side of the exhaust valve 13 away from the ventilation hole 112, and the exhaust valve 13 is fixed to the top cover plate 11 by the pressure block 15.
  • the pressure block 15 is crimped to the exhaust valve 13, and the pressure block 15 can be welded and fixed to the cover plate 11 so that the exhaust valve 13 is fixed to the cover plate 11.
  • a first protrusion 115 is provided on the side surface of the cover plate 11 facing the exhaust valve 13.
  • the first protrusion 115 is crimped on the exhaust valve 13, and the pressure block 15
  • a second protrusion 152 is provided on the side surface facing the exhaust valve 13, and the second protrusion 152 is crimped to the exhaust valve 13.
  • the cover plate 11 has a first sink groove 113 and a second sink groove 114.
  • the first sink groove 113 is located above the ventilation hole 112
  • the second sink groove 114 is located above the first sink groove 113.
  • the inner diameter of the first sink groove 113 is larger than the aperture of the vent 112
  • the inner diameter of the second sink groove 114 is larger than the inner diameter of the first sink groove 113
  • the exhaust valve 13 is accommodated in the first sink groove 113
  • the pressure block 15 is accommodated in the first sink groove 113.
  • the first protrusion 115 is disposed in the first sink groove 113.
  • the top surface of the pressure block 15 is substantially flush with the top surface of the cover plate 11, so that the installation of the pressure block 15 and the exhaust valve 13 will not occupy too much space , The energy density of the secondary battery 100 is improved.
  • the protective member 14 is attached to the side surface of the pressure block 15 away from the vent hole 112 and completely covers the vent hole 112.
  • the protective member 14 is attached to the side surface of the pressure block 15 away from the vent 112.
  • the protective member 14 can protect the central hole 151 of the pressure block 15 to prevent the electrolyte inside the housing 2 from penetrating into the housing through the central hole 151
  • the outside of the body 2 can also prevent the gas or liquid outside the casing 2 from entering the casing 2 through the central hole 151.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural exploded view of a cover assembly of a secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of a cover assembly of a secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 11 is FIG. 10 DD cross-sectional view;
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged view of Figure 11 E.
  • the projection of the protective member 14 along the thickness direction (Z) of the cover assembly 1 is located within the projection of the central hole 151 along the thickness direction (Z) of the cover assembly 1.
  • the protective member 14 is in the shape of a disc, and its outer diameter is smaller than the aperture of the central hole 151.
  • the protective member 14 can be arranged in the central hole 151 so as to be in the thickness direction (Z) of the cover assembly 1. , The protective member 14 does not occupy space, and the energy density of the secondary battery 100 is improved.
  • a first protrusion 115 is provided on the side surface of the cover plate 11 facing the exhaust valve 13, and the first protrusion 115 is crimped on the exhaust valve 13; and/or the pressure block 15 faces the exhaust valve 13;
  • a second protrusion 152 is provided on one side surface of the air valve 13, and the second protrusion 152 is crimped to the exhaust valve 13.
  • the cover plate 11 and the pressure block 15 are made of harder materials, and the material of the exhaust valve 13 is softer than that of the cover plate 11 and the pressure block 15.
  • the cover plate 11 is provided with a first protrusion 115 and the pressure block 15 is provided with a second protrusion. Starting from 152, when the cover plate 11 and the pressure block 15 apply pressure to the exhaust valve 13, the first protrusion 115 and the second protrusion 152 can be embedded in the exhaust valve 13, thereby improving the sealing performance.
  • FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the structure of the cover assembly of the secondary battery provided by still another embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 14 is a front view of the cover assembly of the secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 15 is FIG. 14 FF cross-sectional view;
  • Figure 16 is an enlarged view of G in Figure 15.
  • the protective component 14 is at least partially disposed inside the exhaust valve 13. As shown in FIG. 16, the entire protection member 14 is provided inside the exhaust valve 13. Specifically, the protective component 14 can be integrally injection molded with the exhaust valve 13, and the exhaust valve 13 is used to directly fix the protective component 14, which simplifies the fixing process of the protective component 14 and also saves the space of the cover assembly 1.
  • the protective member 14 completely covers the vent 112. Since the protective member 14 completely covers the vent 112, the anti-permeation performance is further improved.
  • the outer diameter of the protective member 14 may be smaller than the outer diameter of the exhaust valve 13, as shown in FIG. 16.
  • the outer diameter of the protective member 14 may also be equal to the outer diameter of the exhaust valve 13, as long as the protective member 14 can completely cover the vent hole That is, 112 is sufficient to prevent external water vapor or gas from entering the interior of the housing 2 through the vent 112, and also prevent the electrolyte inside the housing 2 from penetrating to the outside of the housing 2 through the vent 112.
  • the projection of the protective member 14 falls within the projection of the central hole 151 of the pressure block 15 in the thickness direction (Z) of the cover assembly, when the exhaust valve 13 deforms as the temperature increases, The gas inside the casing 2 can blow the protective component 14 through the central hole 151 to the outside of the casing 2 without falling into the inside of the casing 2 and causing an internal short circuit of the secondary battery 100.
  • FIG. 17 is an exploded view of the structure of the cover assembly of the secondary battery provided in another embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 18 is a front view of the cover assembly of the secondary battery provided in another embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 19 is FIG. 18
  • Fig. 20 is an enlarged view of I in Fig. 19;
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of the exhaust valve in Fig. 20 and the protective component;
  • Fig. 22 is a structural sectional view of the protective component in Fig. 21;
  • Fig. 23 is A perspective view of the structure of the protective component in FIG. 17.
  • the protective component 14 includes a body 141, a connecting portion 142 and an extension portion 143.
  • the main body 141 is in the shape of a flat plate, and the main body 141 completely covers the vent 112; the connecting portion 142 is connected between the main body 141 and the extending portion 143 and is bent relative to the main body 141.
  • the extension portion 143 extends in a direction away from the ventilation hole 112.
  • the upper and lower sides of the main body 141 are covered by the exhaust valve 13, and the bent connecting portion 142 is also located on the side close to the vent 112 and the side away from the vent 112 All are covered by the exhaust valve 13 so that the protective member 14 is covered by the exhaust valve 13 in all directions.
  • the extension 143 extends in a direction away from the vent 112, so that the entire protective member 14 can prevent gas or liquid from permeating through the exhaust valve 13, and improve the anti-permeability performance.
  • the cover plate 11 is provided with a first protrusion 115 on the side surface facing the exhaust valve 13.
  • the first protrusion 115 is crimped on the exhaust valve 13, and the pressure block 15 is provided on the side surface facing the exhaust valve 13.
  • There is a second protrusion 152 the second protrusion 152 is crimped to the exhaust valve 13, the first protrusion 115 is located on the side of the connecting portion 142 close to the air hole 112; the second protrusion 152 is located on the connecting portion 142 away from the air One side of hole 112.
  • the arrangement of the first protrusion 115 can improve the sealing performance between the exhaust valve 13 and the cover plate 11, and the arrangement of the second protrusion 152 can improve the sealing performance between the pressure block 15 and the exhaust valve 13.
  • the protective member 14 extends to the edge of the exhaust valve 13 to improve the anti-permeation performance.
  • FIG. 24 is an exploded view of the structure of the cover assembly of the secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 25 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cover assembly of the secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • the sealing member 18 surrounds the vent 112 to seal the gap between the exhaust valve 13 and the cover plate 11, and the sealing member 18 is provided on the exhaust valve 13 Between and the cover 11.
  • the sealing member 18 is arranged between the exhaust valve 13 and the cover plate 11 and surrounds the vent hole 112, it is used to seal the gap between the exhaust valve 13 and the cover plate 11, thereby improving the sealing performance of the exhaust valve 13 and preventing
  • the secondary battery 100 leaks electrolyte or external water vapor enters the inside of the housing 2 under normal working conditions, thereby reducing the safety performance and service life of the secondary battery 100.
  • FIG. 26 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cover assembly of a secondary battery provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • the sealing member 18 surrounds the vent 112 to seal the gap between the protective member 14 and the cover 11, and the sealing member 18 is provided between the protective member 14 and the cover 11 between.
  • the sealing member 18 is arranged between the protective member 14 and the cover plate 11 and surrounds the vent hole 112, it is used to seal the gap between the protective member 14 and the cover plate 11, thereby improving the sealing performance of the protective member 14 and preventing secondary batteries.
  • the electrolyte leaks or the external water vapor enters the inside of the housing 2, thereby reducing the safety performance and service life of the secondary battery 100.

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Abstract

本申请涉及储能器件技术领域，尤其涉及一种二次电池的盖组件及二次电池。该盖组件，包括：盖板，具有透气孔；排气阀，封堵于透气孔，且排气阀被设置为响应温度的增加而变形，以脱离封堵透气孔的状态；防护部件，至少部分覆盖透气孔，防护部件的气体透过系数小于排气阀的气体透过系数。本申请实施例提供的二次电池的盖组件及二次电池通过排气阀封堵透气孔，且该排气阀被设置为响应温度的增加而变形，以脱离封堵透气孔的状态，在二次电池的壳体内部温度升高时，壳体中的气体能够经过透气孔排出，从而降低了二次电池发生热失控的风险，也能减缓二次电池发生热失控的速度，为乘客提供了足够的逃生时间，通过防护部件提高了防渗透性能。

Description

二次电池的盖组件及二次电池
本申请要求于2019年08月08日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910729374.X、发明名称为“二次电池的盖组件及二次电池”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及储能器件技术领域，尤其涉及一种二次电池的盖组件及二次电池。
背景技术
二次电池作为新能源汽车的重要组成部分，其安全性能极为重要。随着二次电池充放电的进行，二次电池内部会产生气体，气体压力过大可能会导致二次电池爆炸，由此可在二次电池的盖板上设置气压控制型防爆阀。
由于一个二次电池的容量或功率较小，因此往往需要多个二次电池排列组成电池模组使用。一旦电池模组中一个二次电池发生热失控，产生的热量会快速传递至电池模组中其他的二次电池，其他的二次电池也会发生热失控，使得温度和气压急剧上升。现有的气压控制型防爆阀在热失控时，存在还来不及释放压力，二次电池就发生爆炸的风险。
因此，有必要设计一种新的二次电池来解决上述问题，以提高二次电池的安全性能。
发明内容
本申请的多个方面提供了一种二次电池的盖组件及二次电池，以解决现有技术中的问题，提高二次电池的安全性能。
本申请的第一方面提供了一种二次电池的盖组件，包括：
盖板，具有透气孔；
排气阀，封堵于所述透气孔，且所述排气阀被设置为响应温度的增加而变形，以脱离封堵所述透气孔的状态；
防护部件，至少部分覆盖所述透气孔，所述防护部件的气体透过系数小于所述排气阀的气体透过系数。
在一种可能的设计中，所述排气阀的熔点范围为80℃～200℃，所述防护部件为金属片。
在一种可能的设计中，所述防护部件设置于所述排气阀的一侧。
在一种可能的设计中，所述防护部件贴附于所述排气阀的远离所述透气孔的一侧表面且完全覆盖所述透气孔。
在一种可能的设计中，所述盖组件还包括压块，所述压块具有与所述透气孔相对设置的中心孔；
所述压块固定于所述盖板且位于所述排气阀的远离所述透气孔的一侧，所述排气阀通过所述压块固定于所述顶盖板。
在一种可能的设计中，所述防护部件贴附于所述压块的远离所述透气孔的一侧表面且完全覆盖所述透气孔。
在一种可能的设计中，所述防护部件沿所述盖组件的厚度方向的投影，位于所述中心孔沿所述盖组件的厚度方向的投影内。
在一种可能的设计中，所述盖板朝向所述排气阀的一侧表面设置有第一凸起，所述第一凸起压接于所述排气阀；和/或，
所述压块朝向所述排气阀的一侧表面设置有第二凸起，所述第二凸起压接于所述排气阀。
在一种可能的设计中，所述防护部件至少部分设置于所述排气阀的内部。
在一种可能的设计中，所述防护部件完全覆盖所述透气孔。
在一种可能的设计中，所述防护部件包括本体、连接部和延伸部；
所述本体为平板状，所述本体完全覆盖所述透气孔；
所述连接部连接于所述本体与所述延伸部之间且相对于所述本体弯折；
所述延伸部向远离所述透气孔的方向延伸。
在一种可能的设计中，所述盖板朝向所述排气阀的一侧表面设置有第一凸起，所述第一凸起压接于所述排气阀；
所述压块朝向所述排气阀的一侧表面设置有第二凸起，所述第二凸起压接于所述排气阀；
所述第一凸起位于所述连接部的靠近所述透气孔的一侧；所述第二凸起位于所述连接部的远离所述透气孔的一侧。
在一种可能的设计中，还包括：
密封部件，所述密封部件环绕所述透气孔；
所述密封部件设置于所述排气阀与所述盖板之间，用于密封所述排气阀与所述盖板之间的缝隙；或，所述密封部件设置于所述防护部件与所述盖板之间，用于密封所述防护部件与所述盖板之间的缝隙。
本申请的第二方面提供了一种二次电池，包括：
壳体，具有开口；
电极组件，容纳在所述壳体中；和
上述任一项所述的盖组件，所述盖组件覆盖所述壳体的开口，以将所述电极组件封闭在所述壳体中。
上述描述的二次电池的盖组件及二次电池，盖组件通过排气阀封堵透气孔，且该排气阀被设置为响应温度的增加而变形，以脱离封堵透气孔的状态，在二次电池的壳体内部温度升高时，排气阀不再封堵透气孔，使得壳体中的气体能够经过透气孔排出，一方面可以降低壳体内部的气压防止二次电池发生爆炸，另一方面可以通过排出气体而带走一部分的热量，从而减缓二次电池发生热失控的速度，为乘客提供了足够的逃生时间。
防护部件的至少部分覆盖透气孔，该防护部件的气体透过系数小于排气阀的气体透过系数，因此，能够防止壳体外部的水汽或其他气体渗透到壳体的内部，从而防止降低二次电池的使用寿命。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例所提供的二次电池的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例所提供的二次电池的结构主剖视图；
图3为本申请一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的结构分解图；
图4为本申请一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的主视图；
图5为图4的A-A向剖视图；
图6为图5的B处放大图；
图7为图6中C处放大图；
图8为图6中的盖板的局部剖视图；
图9为本申请另一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的结构分解图；
图10为本申请另一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的主视图；
图11为图10的D-D向剖视图；
图12为图11的E处放大图；
图13为本申请再一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的结构分解图；
图14为本申请再一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的主视图；
图15为图14的F-F向剖视图；
图16为图15的G处放大图；
图17为本申请又一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的结构分解图；
图18为本申请又一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的主视图；
图19为图18的H-H向剖视图；
图20为图19的I处放大图；
图21为图20中的排气阀与防护部件配合的结构示意图；
图22为图21中的防护部件的结构剖视图；
图23为图17中的防护部件的结构立体图；
图24为本申请又一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的结构分解图；
图25为本申请又一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的局部剖视图；
图26为本申请又一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的局部剖视图。
附图标记：
100-二次电池；
盖组件；
11-盖板；
111-防爆孔；
112-透气孔；
113-第一沉槽；
114-第二沉槽；
115-第一凸起；
12-防爆片；
13-排气阀；
14-防护部件；
141-本体；
142-连接部；
143-延伸部；
15-压块；
151-中心孔；
152-第二凸起；
16-绝缘板；
17-电极端子；
18-密封部件；
壳体；
电极组件；
转接片。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请实施例中使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本申请。在本申请实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。
应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
需要注意的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。此外，在上下文中，还需要理解的是，当提到一个元件连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”时，其不仅能够直接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”，也可以通过中间元件间接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”。
图1为本申请实施例所提供的二次电池的结构示意图，图2为本申请实施例所提供的二次电池的结构主剖视图。如图1和图2所示，本申请实施例提供了一种二次电池100，包括壳体2、电极组件3和盖组件1。
其中，壳体2可为六面体形，也可为其他形状，且该壳体2内部形成容纳腔，用于容纳电极组件3和电解液，壳体2的一端开口，使得电极组件3可通过该开口放置于壳体2的容纳腔，且容纳腔内可设置有多个电极组件3，多个电极组件3相互堆叠。其中，壳体2可由金属材料制成，例如铝或铝合金等，也可由绝缘材料制成，例如塑胶等。
电极组件3包括电极单元和极耳，其中，电极单元包括负极极片、正极极片和隔离膜，其中，隔离膜位于相邻负极极片与正极极片之间，用于隔开负极极片与正极极片。
在一种可能的设计中，负极极片、隔离膜与正极极片三者顺序堆叠并卷绕，形成电极组件3的电极单元，即该电极单元为卷绕式结构。在另一种可能的设计中，负极极片、隔离膜与正极极片三者顺序堆叠，形成电极组件3的电极单元，该电极单元为叠片式结构。电极单元形成后具有缝隙，电解液能够通过缝隙进入电极单元内，浸润负极极片与正极极片。
其中，负极极片包括负极集流体(例如铜箔)和涂覆在负极集流体表面的负极活性物质层(例如碳或硅)，正极极片包括正极集流体(例如铝箔)和涂覆在正极集流体表面的正极活性物质层(例如三元材料、磷酸铁锂或钴酸锂)。负极极耳与负极极片相连，并从电极单元中伸出，且负极极耳可直接由负极集流体裁切而成。正极极耳与正极极片相连，并从电极单元中伸出，且正极极耳可直接由正极集流体裁切形成。
图3为本申请一个实施例所提供的二次电池100的盖组件1的结构分解图，如图1至图3所示，盖组件1包括盖板11和电极端子17，盖板11固定于壳体2的开口，从而将电极组件3和电解液封闭于壳体2的容纳腔内，电极端子17设置于盖板11，并包括负极电极端子17和正极电极端子17，两电极端子17与对应的极耳之间通过转接片4电连接。盖板11设置有防爆孔111，防爆片12覆盖于该防爆孔111。
具体地，对于极耳从电极单元的顶部伸出的二次电池100，上述的转接片4位于电极组件3的电极单元与盖板11之间。转接片4包括负极转接片4 和正极转接片4，其中，负极转接片4用于连接负极极耳与负极电极端子17，正极转接片4用于连接正极极耳与正极电极端子17。盖组件1还包括绝缘板16，将盖板11与电极组件3绝缘。
上述的多个二次电池100能够组成电池模组，在电池模组中，如果一个二次电池100发生热失控，热量会传递给相邻的二次电池100，从而造成周围的二次电池100也发生热失控。
为了解决该问题，本申请实施例提供了一种二次电池100的盖组件1，图4为本申请一个实施例所提供的二次电池100的盖组件1的主视图；图5为图4的A-A向剖视图；图6为图5的B处放大图；图7为图6中C处放大图；图8为图6中的盖板11的局部剖视图。
如图3至图8所示，盖组件1包括盖板11、排气阀13和防护部件14。
其中，盖板11具有透气孔112。排气阀13封堵于透气孔112，且排气阀13被设置为响应温度的增加而变形，以脱离封堵透气孔112的状态。防护部件14，至少部分覆盖透气孔112，防护部件14的气体透过系数小于排气阀13的气体透过系数。
本实施例中，盖组件1通过排气阀13封堵透气孔112，且该排气阀13被设置为响应温度的增加而变形，以脱离封堵透气孔112的状态，在二次电池100的壳体2内部温度升高时，排气阀13不再封堵透气孔112，使得壳体2中的气体能够经过透气孔112排出，一方面可以降低壳体2内部的气压防止二次电池100发生爆炸，另一方面可以通过排出气体而带走一部分的热量，从而减缓二次电池100发生热失控的速度，为乘客提供了足够的逃生时间。
由于防护部件14的至少部分覆盖透气孔112，该防护部件14的气体透过系数小于排气阀13的气体透过系数，因此，能够防止壳体2外部的水汽或其他气体渗透到壳体2的内部，从而提高二次电池100的使用寿命。
上述的气体透过系数指的是在恒定温度和单位压力差下，在稳定透过时，单位时间内透过试样单位厚度、单位面积的气体的体积，单位为立方厘米/平方厘米/秒/帕/厘米(cm3/cm2·s·Pa·cm)。由此可以看出，气体透过系数越小，气密性越好。
作为一种可能的实现方式，上述的排气阀13具有低于盖板11的熔点， 例如排气阀13的材质可以是为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)、PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。当壳体2内部的温度超过排气阀13的熔点后，排气阀13则会变形，即发生熔化或者软化现象，此时排气阀13会脱离与透气孔112的封堵状态，从而使透气孔112被打开，二次电池100的壳体2内部的气体则可以通过透气孔112排出至壳体2的外部。
作为一种可能的实现方式，排气阀13的熔点范围为80℃～200℃，防护部件14为金属片。金属材质的防护部件14不仅能够防止壳体2外部的水汽或其他气体渗透到壳体2的内部，还能够防止二次电池100的壳体2内的电解液向壳体2的外部渗透，从而提高二次电池100的使用寿命。
上述金属片可以是铝片、不锈钢片或镍片，可选铝片，铝片具有重量轻、防渗透性能好的优点。本实施例中，金属片可以采用铝箔，铝箔的重量更轻，在排气阀13发生变形或软化时，壳体2内部的气体能够将铝箔吹落至壳体2的外部，从而最大可能地释放壳体2内部的气体和热量。
作为一种可能的实现方式，防护部件14设置于排气阀13的一侧。
具体地，防护部件14可以设置于排气阀13的上侧或下侧，可以通过粘接或其他方式固定。
本实施例中，防护部件14贴附于排气阀13的远离透气孔112的一侧表面且完全覆盖透气孔112。由于防护部件14完全覆盖透气孔112，进一步提高了壳体2内部的电解液的防渗透性能。
作为一种可能的实现方式，如图6所示，盖组件1还包括压块15，压块15具有与透气孔112相对设置的中心孔151。压块15固定于盖板11且位于排气阀13的远离透气孔112的一侧，排气阀13通过压块15固定于顶盖板11。
压块15压接于排气阀13，压块15可以与盖板11焊接固定，从而使排气阀13固定于盖板11。
如图7所示，作为一种可能的实现方式，盖板11朝向排气阀13的一侧表面设置有第一凸起115，第一凸起115压接于排气阀13，压块15朝向排气阀13的一侧表面设置有第二凸起152，第二凸起152压接于排气阀13。通过在材质较硬的盖板11设置有第一凸起115，以及在材质较硬的压块15设置第 二凸起152，使第一凸起115和第二凸起152能够嵌入到排气阀13中，从而提高了盖板11、排气阀13和压块15之间的密封性。
如图6和图8所示，作为一种可能的实现方式，盖板11具有第一沉槽113和第二沉槽114。参照图和图，沿盖组件1的厚度方向(Z)，第一沉槽113位于透气孔112的上方，第二沉槽114位于第一沉槽113的上方。第一沉槽113的内径大于透气孔112的孔径，第二沉槽114的内径大于第一沉槽113的内径，排气阀13容置于第一沉槽113，压块15容置于第二沉槽114。本实施例中，第一凸起115设置于第一沉槽113。
通过设置第一沉槽113和第二沉槽114，使压块15的顶面基本与盖板11的顶面平齐，使压块15和排气阀13的设置不会占据过多的空间，提高了二次电池100的能量密度。
如图6所示，本实施例中，防护部件14贴附于压块15的远离透气孔112的一侧表面且完全覆盖透气孔112。
防护部件14贴附于压块15的远离透气孔112的一侧表面，防护部件14能对压块15的中心孔151进行防护，防止壳体2内部的电解液通过该中心孔151渗透到壳体2外部，还能够防止壳体2外部的气体或液体通过该中心孔151进入到壳体2内。
下文中将描述另一示例性实施例，但将省略与前述示例性实施例中的构成元件相同的详细描述，而仅仅详细描述不相似的构件元件。
图9为本申请另一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的结构分解图；图10为本申请另一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的主视图；图11为图10的D-D向剖视图；图12为图11的E处放大图。
如图12所示，在本实施例中，防护部件14沿盖组件1的厚度方向(Z)的投影，位于中心孔151沿盖组件1的厚度方向(Z)的投影内。作为一种可能的实现方式，防护部件14为圆片状，其外径小于中心孔151的孔径，可以将防护部件14设置在中心孔151内，从而在盖组件1的厚度方向(Z)上，防护部件14不会占据空间，提高了二次电池100的能量密度。
作为一种可能的实现方式，盖板11朝向排气阀13的一侧表面设置有第一凸起115，第一凸起115压接于排气阀13；和/或，压块15朝向排气阀13 的一侧表面设置有第二凸起152，第二凸起152压接于排气阀13。
盖板11和压块15均采用较硬的材质，而排气阀13的材质相对于盖板11和压块15软，在盖板11设置第一凸起115、压块15设置第二凸起152，在盖板11和压块15对排气阀13施加压力时，第一凸起115和第二凸起152能够嵌入到排气阀13中，从而提高了密封性。
下文中将描述另一示例性实施例，但将省略与前述示例性实施例中的构成元件相同的详细描述，而仅仅详细描述不相似的构件元件。
图13为本申请再一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的结构分解图；图14为本申请再一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的主视图；图15为图14的F-F向剖视图；图16为图15的G处放大图。
作为一种可能的实现方式，防护部件14至少部分设置于排气阀13的内部。如图16所示，防护部件14整体设置于排气阀13的内部。具体地，防护部件14可以与排气阀13一体注塑成型，利用排气阀13直接将防护部件14固定，简化了防护部件14的固定工艺，同时也节约了盖组件1的空间。
作为一种可能的实现方式，防护部件14完全覆盖透气孔112。由于防护部件14完全覆盖透气孔112，进一步提高了防渗透性能。防护部件14的外径可以小于排气阀13的外径，如图16所示，当然，防护部件14的外径也可以等于排气阀13的外径，只要防护部件14能够完全覆盖透气孔112即可，以防止外部的水汽或气体通过透气孔112进入到壳体2的内部，还能够防止壳体2内部的电解液通过透气孔112渗透到壳体2的外部。
本实施例中，由于在盖组件的厚度方向(Z)上，防护部件14的投影落在压块15的中心孔151的投影内，因此当排气阀13随着温度的升高而变形，壳体2内部的气体可以将防护部件14通过中心孔151吹落至壳体2的外部，而不会落入到壳体2的内部，造成二次电池100内部短路。
下文中将描述另一示例性实施例，但将省略与前述示例性实施例中的构成元件相同的详细描述，而仅仅详细描述不相似的构件元件。
图17为本申请又一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的结构分解图；图18为本申请又一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的主视图；图19为图18的H-H向剖视图；图20为图19的I处放大图；图21为图20中的排气 阀与防护部件配合的结构示意图；图22为图21中的防护部件的结构剖视图；图23为图17中的防护部件的结构立体图。
如图23所示，作为一种可能的实现方式，防护部件14包括本体141、连接部142和延伸部143。本体141为平板状，本体141完全覆盖透气孔112；连接部142连接于本体141与延伸部143之间且相对于本体141弯折。延伸部143向远离透气孔112的方向延伸。
防护部件14的上述结构中，本体141部的上、下两侧均被排气阀13包覆，弯折设置的连接部142在靠近透气孔112的一侧和远离透气孔112的一侧也均被排气阀13包覆，使防护部件14在各个方向上均受到排气阀13的包覆。在二次电池100在正常工作下，防护部件14不会容易地发生变形，提高了排气阀13与防护部件14的连接可靠性。延伸部143向远离透气孔112的方向延伸，使整个防护部件14能够全面地防止气体或液体通过排气阀13发生渗透，提高了防渗透性能。
参照图20，盖板11朝向排气阀13的一侧表面设置有第一凸起115，第一凸起115压接于排气阀13，压块15朝向排气阀13的一侧表面设置有第二凸起152，第二凸起152压接于排气阀13，第一凸起115位于连接部142的靠近透气孔112的一侧；第二凸起152位于连接部142的远离透气孔112的一侧。
第一凸起115的设置能够提高排气阀13和盖板11之间的密封性，第二凸起152的设置能够提高压块15和排气阀13之间的密封性。防护部件14延伸至排气阀13的边沿处，提高了防渗透性能。
下文中将描述另一示例性实施例，但将省略与前述示例性实施例中的构成元件相同的详细描述，而仅仅详细描述不相似的构件元件。
图24为本申请又一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的结构分解图；图25为本申请又一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的局部剖视图。
如图24至图25所示，作为一种可能的实现方式，密封部件18环绕透气孔112，用于密封排气阀13与盖板11之间的缝隙，密封部件18设置于排气阀13与盖板11之间。
由于密封部件18设置于排气阀13与盖板11之间且环绕透气孔112，用 于密封排气阀13与盖板11之间的缝隙，从而提高了排气阀13的密封性，防止二次电池100在正常工作状态下发生电解液泄漏或者外部水汽进入壳体2内部，从而降低二次电池100的安全性能和使用寿命。
图26为本申请又一个实施例所提供的二次电池的盖组件的局部剖视图。如图26所示，作为一种可能的实现方式，密封部件18环绕透气孔112，用于密封防护部件14与盖板11之间的缝隙，密封部件18设置于防护部件14与盖板11之间。
由于密封部件18设置于防护部件14与盖板11之间且环绕透气孔112，用于密封防护部件14与盖板11之间的缝隙，从而提高了防护部件14的密封性，防止二次电池100在正常工作状态下发生电解液泄漏或者外部水汽进入壳体2内部，从而降低二次电池100的安全性能和使用寿命。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种二次电池(100)的盖组件(1)，包括：
    盖板(11)，具有透气孔(112)；
    排气阀(13)，封堵于所述透气孔(112)，且所述排气阀(13)被设置为响应温度的增加而变形，以脱离封堵所述透气孔(112)的状态；
    防护部件(14)，至少部分覆盖所述透气孔(112)，所述防护部件(14)的气体透过系数小于所述排气阀(13)的气体透过系数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的顶盖组件(1)，其中，所述排气阀(13)的熔点范围为80℃～200℃，所述防护部件(14)为金属片。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2中任意一项所述的盖组件(1)，其中，所述防护部件(14)设置于所述排气阀(13)的一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的盖组件(1)，其中，所述防护部件(14)贴附于所述排气阀(13)的远离所述透气孔(112)的一侧表面且完全覆盖所述透气孔(112)。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的盖组件(1)，其中，所述盖组件(1)还包括压块(15)，所述压块(15)具有与所述透气孔(112)相对设置的中心孔(151)；
    所述压块(15)固定于所述盖板(11)且位于所述排气阀(13)的远离所述透气孔(112)的一侧，所述排气阀(13)通过所述压块(15)固定于所述顶盖板(11)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的盖组件(1)，其中，所述防护部件(14)贴附于所述压块(15)的远离所述透气孔(112)的一侧表面且完全覆盖所述透气孔(112)。
  7. 根据权利要求5-6中任意一项所述的盖组件(1)，其中，所述防护部件(14)沿所述盖组件(1)的厚度方向(Z)的投影，位于所述中心孔(151)沿所述盖组件(1)的厚度方向(Z)的投影内。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7中任意一项所述的盖组件(1)，其中，所述盖板(11)朝向所述排气阀(13)的一侧表面设置有第一凸起(115)，所述第一 凸起(115)压接于所述排气阀(13)；和/或，
    所述压块(15)朝向所述排气阀(13)的一侧表面设置有第二凸起(152)，所述第二凸起(152)压接于所述排气阀(13)。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的盖组件(1)，其中，所述防护部件(14)至少部分设置于所述排气阀(13)的内部。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的盖组件(1)，其中，所述防护部件(14)完全覆盖所述透气孔(112)。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的盖组件(1)，其中，所述防护部件(14)包括本体(141)、连接部(142)和延伸部(143)；
    所述本体(141)为平板状，所述本体(141)完全覆盖所述透气孔(112)；
    所述连接部(142)连接于所述本体(141)与所述延伸部(143)之间且相对于所述本体(141)弯折；
    所述延伸部(143)向远离所述透气孔(112)的方向延伸。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的盖组件(1)，其中，所述盖板(11)朝向所述排气阀(13)的一侧表面设置有第一凸起(115)，所述第一凸起(115)压接于所述排气阀(13)；
    所述压块(15)朝向所述排气阀(13)的一侧表面设置有第二凸起(152)，所述第二凸起(152)压接于所述排气阀(13)；
    所述第一凸起(115)位于所述连接部(142)的靠近所述透气孔(112)的一侧；所述第二凸起(152)位于所述连接部(142)的远离所述透气孔(112)的一侧。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任意一项所述的盖组件(1)，其中，还包括：
    密封部件(18)，所述密封部件(18)环绕所述透气孔(112)；
    所述密封部件(18)设置于所述排气阀(13)与所述盖板(11)之间，用于密封所述排气阀(13)与所述盖板(11)之间的缝隙；或，所述密封部件(18)设置于所述防护部件(14)与所述盖板(11)之间，用于密封所述防护部件(14)与所述盖板(11)之间的缝隙。
  14. 一种二次电池(100)，包括：
    壳体(2)，具有开口；
    电极组件(3)，容纳在所述壳体(2)中；和
    如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的盖组件(1)，所述盖组件(1)覆盖所述壳体(2)的开口，以将所述电极组件封闭在所述壳体(2)中。
PCT/CN2020/102828 2019-08-08 2020-07-17 二次电池的盖组件及二次电池 WO2021022993A1 (zh)

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