WO2020259698A1 - 定位座、定位销、定位机构、快换支架组件及电动汽车 - Google Patents

定位座、定位销、定位机构、快换支架组件及电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020259698A1
WO2020259698A1 PCT/CN2020/098603 CN2020098603W WO2020259698A1 WO 2020259698 A1 WO2020259698 A1 WO 2020259698A1 CN 2020098603 W CN2020098603 W CN 2020098603W WO 2020259698 A1 WO2020259698 A1 WO 2020259698A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positioning
battery pack
pin
slideway
positioning pin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/098603
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
黄春华
兰志波
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201910569887.9A external-priority patent/CN112224001A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910569923.1A external-priority patent/CN112140859A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910568751.6A external-priority patent/CN112224000A/zh
Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Priority to JP2021577517A priority Critical patent/JP2022538315A/ja
Priority to KR1020227003021A priority patent/KR20220028027A/ko
Publication of WO2020259698A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020259698A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/02—Bolts or sleeves for positioning of machine parts, e.g. notched taper pins, fitting pins, sleeves, eccentric positioning rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B21/00—Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of power exchange equipment, in particular to a positioning seat, a positioning pin, a positioning mechanism, a quick-change bracket assembly and an electric automobile.
  • the existing battery pack installation methods of electric vehicles are generally divided into fixed type and replaceable type.
  • the fixed battery pack is generally fixed on the car, and the car is directly used as the charging object when charging.
  • pins are usually used for positioning and bolts are used for fixing.
  • the fixing effect of this positioning and fixing method is very good, and it can basically guarantee the fixing in the three directions of X ⁇ Y ⁇ Z.
  • the replacement of the battery pack shows a lot of clumsiness, which makes it difficult to flexibly disassemble the battery.
  • multiple disassembly of the bolts will increase the probability of bolt failure, and there is a certain risk.
  • the replaceable battery pack is generally installed in an active manner, and the battery pack can be removed at any time and replaced with a new battery pack.
  • a locking mechanism is usually used between the battery pack and the body.
  • the locking mechanism generally includes a lock shaft and a lock seat.
  • the lock shaft is generally set on the side of the battery pack.
  • the seat is arranged on the side of the vehicle body, and a slideway is provided in the lock seat.
  • the battery pack is generally installed from the bottom of the vehicle body. The lock shaft enters the slideway of the lock seat with the battery pack from below, and then the battery pack moves in the X direction to realize the installation of the battery pack.
  • This type of battery pack installation method usually only performs floating positioning of the battery pack, and does not fix the battery pack after floating positioning, that is, the lock shaft can move in the X ⁇ Y ⁇ Z three directions relative to the slide. In this way, when the vehicle is running, the battery pack will usually produce complex movements in the X ⁇ Y ⁇ Z three directions, resulting in a high failure rate of the battery pack, and it is difficult to determine the cause of the failure after the battery pack fails. In addition, due to the complex movement of the battery pack, when performing force analysis on the battery pack, the relevant force analysis is also very complicated.
  • connection method of the fixed battery pack in electric vehicles is inconvenient to disassemble, and the connection method of the replaceable battery pack cannot fix the battery in the X, Y, or Z directions, causing the battery pack to easily fail.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a positioning seat, a positioning pin, a positioning mechanism, a quick-change bracket assembly and an electric vehicle.
  • the present invention provides a positioning seat for positioning and fixing a battery pack, the positioning seat is used to accommodate positioning pins for fixing the battery pack, and the side of the positioning seat is provided with an opening and a slideway extending from the opening, The opening is used for the positioning pin to enter the slideway; the slideway is provided with a first limiting portion, and the first limiting portion is used to restrict the positioning pin from deviating from the positioning in the axial direction seat.
  • the first limit part is used to limit the movement direction of the positioning pin, so that the positioning pin cannot be separated from the positioning seat along its axial direction, thereby realizing the battery pack using the positioning pin on the axis.
  • This solution reduces the movement of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • the slideway has a support platform, the support platform is used to support the positioning pin, and the first limit part is provided on the support platform.
  • the support platform is used to realize the support of the positioning pin, so that the positioning pin is more stable.
  • the cross-section of the first limiting portion is one of an arc shape, a V shape or a trapezoid shape.
  • the cross-section of the first limiting part is designed to be one of arc, V or trapezoid, which is conducive to the positioning seat to realize the limiting function and also simplifies the first limiting part.
  • the structural form of the locator improves the service life of the positioning seat.
  • the first limiting portion is a convex portion or the first limiting portion is a concave portion;
  • the protrusion has a first limit surface and a second limit surface, and the intersection of the first limit surface and the second limit surface is the highest point of the protrusion;
  • the first limit surface and the second limit surface are flat or curved.
  • the first limiting part is designed as a convex part or a concave part, which is beneficial to the positioning seat to realize the limiting function, while also simplifying the structural form of the first limiting part and improving the positioning seat Life cycle.
  • the protrusion is designed as the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface, which simplifies the structure of the protrusion and occupies less space.
  • the highest point of the protrusion is beneficial to improve the reliability of positioning.
  • the positioning seat further includes a buffering portion, at least a part of the buffering portion is located in the slideway, and when the positioning seat is in a positioning state, the buffering portion abuts against the wall surface of the positioning pin;
  • the buffer portion is an elastic pad.
  • the buffer part is used to absorb part of the kinetic energy when the positioning pin is converted to the positioning state, which is beneficial to reduce the impact of the positioning pin on the positioning seat, reduce the noise during positioning of the positioning pin, and improve the positioning of the positioning pin. Stability in positioning state.
  • the elastic pad is used as the buffer part, the cost of the buffer part is reduced, and the buffer effect of the buffer part is improved.
  • a positioning seat is used for positioning and fixing a battery pack.
  • the positioning seat includes a positioning seat body.
  • the side of the positioning seat body is provided with an opening and a slideway extending from the opening.
  • the opening is used for positioning the battery pack.
  • the pin enters the slideway, the positioning seat further includes a clamping device, the clamping device is arranged in the slideway, when the positioning pin is at the positioning point, the clamping device abuts in the vertical direction ⁇ The positioning pin.
  • the positioning pin at the positioning point is tightly clamped, thereby preventing the positioning pin from moving in the vertical direction, thereby realizing the positioning of the positioning pin
  • the vertical fixing also realizes the vertical positioning and fixing of the positioning mechanism using the positioning seat, the quick-change bracket assembly, and the battery pack of the electric vehicle.
  • the clamping device is provided at the positioning point of the positioning pin in the slideway.
  • the tightening device is arranged at the positioning point, so that the positioning pin is more stable at the positioning point, and the probability of accidental movement of the positioning pin at the positioning point is reduced.
  • the clamping device includes a swing body and a fixed shaft, the fixed shaft is connected to the positioning base body, and the swing body can rotate around the fixed shaft; when the positioning pin is at the positioning point, The swing body abuts against the outer wall of the positioning pin;
  • the swing body has an arc surface, and the arc surface abuts against the outer wall of the positioning pin;
  • the clamping device includes two clamping components, each of the clamping components includes a swing body and the fixed shaft, and the two clamping components are symmetrically arranged on the slideway On both sides
  • the center line of the positioning pin is coplanar with the center lines of the two fixed shafts
  • the clamping device further includes an elastic member disposed between the positioning base body and the swing body, and the elastic member acts on the swing body so that the swing body is not When the force is applied, the contact surface of the swing body faces the direction in which the positioning pin slides in;
  • one end of the elastic member is inserted into the swing body, and the other end of the elastic member abuts against the positioning base body;
  • the elastic member is a spring.
  • the structure of the clamping device is simplified by using the swing body and the fixed shaft, and the swing body can be rotated around the fixed axis, so that the swing body can be switched to the positioning state more easily, and the positioning pin is also improved. Stability at the anchor point.
  • the arc surface of the swing body is used to abut the positioning pin, which improves the stability of the positioning pin at the positioning point.
  • the swing body is swung toward the entrance, so that the positioning pin can enter the swing body more easily, and the stability of the positioning pin in the swing body is also improved.
  • the two sets of clamping components can clamp the positioning pin at the same time, which improves the stability of the positioning seat.
  • the center line of the positioning pin and the center line of the two fixed shafts are designed to be coplanar.
  • the distance between the positioning pin and the two fixed shafts is the smallest, so that The two oscillating bodies clamp the positioning pins more tightly, so that the positioning pin has the greatest axial force at this time, and it is difficult for the positioning pin to leave the positioning point, which improves the stability of the positioning seat.
  • the elastic member is used to make the swing swing in the direction in which the positioning pin slides in, which facilitates the smooth sliding of the positioning pin into the swing body, and further facilitates the clamping device to clamp the positioning pin.
  • the elastic member is inserted into the swing body and the positioning base body, which improves the stability of the elastic member, and is beneficial to apply elastic force to the swing body when the elastic member is replaced.
  • the positioning seat further includes a buffer portion, at least a part of the buffer portion is located in the slideway, and when the positioning pin is at the positioning point, the buffer portion abuts against the wall surface of the positioning pin;
  • the buffer portion is an elastic pad.
  • the buffer part is used to absorb part of the kinetic energy when the positioning pin is converted to the positioning state, which is beneficial to reduce the impact of the positioning pin on the positioning seat, reduce the noise during positioning of the positioning pin, and improve the positioning of the positioning pin. Stability in positioning state.
  • the elastic pad is used as the buffer part, the cost of the buffer part is reduced, and the buffer effect of the buffer part is improved.
  • a positioning pin the positioning pin is connected with the battery pack, the positioning pin is used to cooperate with the positioning seat as described in at least one item above, the positioning pin is provided with a second limiting portion, and the second limiting The positioning portion is used to cooperate with the first limiting portion to limit the axial movement of the battery pack along the positioning pin;
  • the second limiting portion is used to cooperate with the first limiting portion to improve the stability of the positioning pin in the positioning state, so that the positioning pin can be fixed in its axial direction, thereby achieving The battery pack using the positioning pin is fixed in the axial direction.
  • This solution reduces the direction of movement of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • the first limiting portion is a concave portion
  • the second limiting portion is a convex portion
  • the number of the second limiting portion is multiple
  • a plurality of the convex portions are arranged along the The axial arrangement of the positioning pin, or the plurality of protrusions are arranged along the radial direction of the positioning pin.
  • the protrusions and the recesses are used to engage with each other, which improves the stability of the positioning pin when it is in the positioning state.
  • a plurality of protrusions are provided on the positioning pin to make the positioning pin more stable and not easy to leave the positioning seat along its axial direction. The problem of the positioning state change caused by the failure of a single protrusion is also avoided, and the safety factor of the positioning pin is improved.
  • the second limiting portion and the positioning pin are an integral structure
  • the second limiting portion is detachably connected to the positioning pin
  • the second limiting portion is sleeved on the positioning pin
  • the second limiting portion is rotatable relative to the positioning pin
  • the positioning pin further includes a shaft stop, the shaft stop is provided on an end surface of the positioning pin, and the shaft stop is used to prevent the second limiting portion from moving in the axial direction of the positioning pin;
  • the second limiting portion is a shaft sleeve, and the shaft sleeve is in transitional fit with the slideway.
  • the second limiting portion and the positioning pin are designed as an integral structure, which simplifies the manufacturing process of the positioning pin and reduces the cost of the positioning pin.
  • the connection mode of the second limiting part and the positioning pin is designed to be detachable, so that the second limiting part and the positioning pin can be designed and manufactured separately, and the performance of the two is more in line with their respective use environments, which is beneficial to improve the positioning pin the quality of.
  • the second limiting part is sleeved on the outside of the positioning pin, so that the second limiting part can more fully cooperate with the first limiting part, and the positioning of the positioning pin can be improved. Stability.
  • the second limit part is designed to be rotatable, which reduces the resistance when the positioning pin enters the slideway, and is beneficial to improve the service life of the positioning pin.
  • the shaft block is used to prevent the second limiting part from moving in the axial direction, which improves the safety factor of the positioning pin.
  • a positioning mechanism is used for positioning and fixing a battery pack.
  • the positioning mechanism includes a positioning seat as described in at least one item above and a positioning pin as described in at least one item above, wherein the positioning pin is arranged on the battery pack, and The positioning mechanism is used to restrict the battery pack from separating from the positioning seat along the axial direction of the positioning pin;
  • the positioning mechanism includes a positioning pin and the positioning seat as described in at least one of the above, the positioning pin is arranged on the battery pack, and the positioning pin enters the slideway from the opening.
  • the first limiting portion of the positioning seat and the second limiting portion of the positioning pin are used to cooperate with each other to realize the restriction on the movement direction of the positioning pin, so that the positioning pin cannot be separated along its axial direction.
  • the positioning seat realizes the axial fixation of the battery pack using the positioning pin.
  • the positioning pin is fixed in the vertical direction by the clamping device, thereby realizing the fixation of the battery pack using the positioning pin in the vertical direction.
  • This solution reduces the direction of movement of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • a quick-change bracket assembly for installing a battery pack includes a quick-change bracket, the quick-change bracket assembly further includes the positioning mechanism as described above, and the positioning seat is arranged on the quick-change bracket on.
  • the battery pack in the quick-change bracket assembly cannot be separated from the quick-change bracket along the axial direction of the positioning pin, thereby realizing the use of the quick-change bracket
  • the battery pack of the component is fixed in the axial direction.
  • a quick-change bracket assembly for installing a battery pack to an electric vehicle.
  • the quick-change bracket assembly includes a quick-change bracket, a locking mechanism, and a positioning mechanism.
  • the locking mechanism and the positioning mechanism are both arranged on the On the quick-change bracket, the locking mechanism is used to lock the battery pack on the electric vehicle and restrict the battery pack from moving in the driving direction of the electric vehicle; the positioning mechanism is used to restrict the battery pack in Moving in a horizontal plane in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction and/or restricting the battery pack from moving in a vertical direction.
  • this solution by adopting the above structure and using the slideway positioning mechanism and the double pendulum positioning mechanism in the quick-change bracket assembly, the battery pack can be moved in the direction of the electric vehicle and the axial and vertical directions of the slide pin Fixed, this solution reduces the movement of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, helps to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • the positioning mechanism includes a slideway positioning mechanism, and the slideway positioning mechanism is used to restrict the movement of the battery pack in a horizontal plane in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction.
  • the slideway positioning mechanism includes a slideway seat, the slideway seat is connected with the quick-change bracket, and is used to cooperate with a slideway pin on the battery pack;
  • the side surface of the slideway seat is provided with an opening and a slideway extending from the opening, and the opening is used for allowing the slideway pin to enter the slideway;
  • the slideway of the slideway seat is provided with a first limiting portion
  • the slideway pin is provided with a second limiting portion
  • the second limiting portion is configured to be opposite to the first limiting portion.
  • the slideway seat is arranged on the left side or the right side of the quick-change bracket;
  • the first limiting portion is a convex portion or the first limiting portion is a concave portion
  • the first limiting portion is a concave portion
  • the second limiting portion is a convex portion
  • the number of the second limiting portion is multiple
  • the multiple convex portions are along the The axial arrangement of the chute pin, or the plurality of protrusions are arranged along the radial direction of the chute pin.
  • the slideway positioning mechanism uses the first limiting portion to restrict the movement direction of the slideway pin, so that the slideway pin cannot be separated from the slideway seat along its axial direction, thereby realizing the use of the
  • the battery pack of the slide pin is fixed in the axial direction.
  • the first limit part is designed as a convex part or a concave part, which is conducive to the realization of the limit function of the slideway seat.
  • the structural form of the first limit part is simplified and improved. The service life of the slide block.
  • the protrusions and the recesses are engaged with each other to improve the stability of the slide pin in the positioning state.
  • a plurality of protrusions are provided on the chute pin to make the chute pin more stable and not easy to leave the chute seat along its axial direction. The problem of the positioning state change caused by the failure of a single protrusion is also avoided, and the safety factor of the slide pin is improved.
  • the positioning mechanism includes a double pendulum positioning mechanism, and the double pendulum positioning mechanism is used to restrict the battery pack from moving in a vertical direction;
  • the double pendulum positioning mechanism is symmetrically arranged on one or both of the left side and the right side of the quick-change bracket;
  • the dual pendulum positioning mechanism includes a dual pendulum base and a dual pendulum pin, the dual pendulum base is connected with the quick-change bracket, and the dual pendulum pins are both connected with the battery pack;
  • the side of the double pendulum seat is provided with an opening and a slideway extending from the opening, and the opening is used for allowing the double pendulum pin to enter the slideway;
  • the double pendulum seat also includes a clamping device, the clamping device is arranged in the slideway, when the double pendulum pin is at the positioning point, the clamping device abuts against the double pendulum in the vertical direction Pin to restrict the battery pack from moving in the vertical direction.
  • the dual pendulum positioning mechanism is used to limit the movement of the battery pack in the vertical direction, which simplifies the structure of the quick-change bracket assembly, reduces the movement of the battery pack, and reduces the movement state of the battery pack.
  • the complexity of the battery pack is conducive to improving the life of the battery pack and reducing the probability of damage to the battery pack.
  • the dual pendulum positioning mechanism is arranged on one side of the quick-change bracket, which realizes the restriction on the vertical movement of the battery pack, and the dual pendulum positioning mechanism is arranged on both sides of the quick-change bracket , Improve the stability of the battery pack.
  • the clamping device is provided at the positioning point of the double pendulum pin in the slideway, and the clamping device includes a swing body and a fixed shaft, the fixed shaft and the body of the double pendulum seat Connected, the swing body can rotate around the fixed shaft; when the double swing pin is at the positioning point, the swing body abuts against the outer wall of the double swing pin;
  • the clamping device includes two clamping components, each of the clamping components includes a oscillating body and the fixed shaft, and the two clamping components are symmetrically arranged on the chute. On both sides
  • the center line of the double swing pin is coplanar with the center lines of the two fixed shafts
  • the clamping device further includes an elastic member disposed between the double pendulum seat body and the swing body, and the elastic member acts on the swing body to make the swing
  • the contact surface of the swing body faces the direction in which the double pendulum pin slides in, one end of the elastic member is inserted into the swing body, and the other end of the elastic member abuts against the double pendulum Block body.
  • the tightening device is arranged at the positioning point, so that the double pendulum pin is more stable at the positioning point, and the probability of accidental movement of the double pendulum pin at the positioning point is reduced.
  • the use of the swing body and the fixed shaft simplifies the structure of the clamping device, and the swing body can rotate around the fixed shaft, so that the swing body can be switched to the positioning state more easily, and the stability of the double pendulum pin at the positioning point is also improved.
  • the center line of the double pendulum pin and the center line of the two fixed shafts are designed to be coplanar.
  • the distance between the double pendulum pin and the two fixed shafts is the smallest , So that the two swing bodies clamp the double swing pin more tightly, so that the double swing pin has the greatest axial force at this time, and the double swing pin is difficult to leave the positioning point, which improves the stability of the double swing pin.
  • the elastic member is used to make the swing pendulum to the direction in which the double pendulum pin slides in, which facilitates the smooth sliding of the double pendulum pin into the swing body and further facilitates the clamping device to clamp the double pendulum pin. Inserting the elastic piece into the body of the swing body and the double pendulum seat improves the stability of the elastic piece and is beneficial for applying elastic force to the swing body when the elastic piece is replaced.
  • An electric vehicle includes a battery pack and the quick-change bracket assembly as described in at least one of the above.
  • the battery pack of the electric vehicle is fixed in the axial direction of the positioning pin.
  • This solution reduces the direction of movement of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack of the electric vehicle can be fixed in the height direction.
  • This solution reduces the direction of movement of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack of the electric vehicle is fixed in the vertical direction and the axial direction of the slide pin.
  • This solution reduces the direction of movement of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack.
  • it is also helpful to analyze the causes of battery pack failure.
  • the positioning seat is provided with a first limiting portion, and the first limiting portion is used to limit the movement direction of the positioning pin, so that the positioning pin cannot be separated from the positioning seat along its axial direction, thereby realizing the use of the positioning pin.
  • the battery pack is fixed in the axial direction. The invention reduces the movement direction of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning seat of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is another schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning seat of the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the A-A section of the positioning seat of the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning seat including an elastic pad according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning pin according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross-section of a positioning pin according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning mechanism according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross-section of a positioning mechanism according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a quick-change bracket assembly according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack assembly of an electric vehicle according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning seat according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is another structural schematic diagram of the positioning seat according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning mechanism according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross-section of a positioning mechanism according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another cross-section of the positioning mechanism of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the positioning pin structure of the positioning mechanism according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a quick-change bracket assembly according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack assembly of an electric vehicle according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a quick-change bracket assembly according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of the slideway positioning mechanism in the quick-change bracket assembly of Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a double pendulum positioning mechanism in a quick-change bracket assembly of Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack assembly of an electric vehicle according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1-Embodiment 5 positioning seat 1; slide 11; supporting platform 111; opening 12; recess 13; first limit surface 131; second limit surface 132; elastic pad 14; positioning pin 2; pin Seat 21; pin shaft 22; shaft sleeve 23; shaft stop 24; positioning mechanism 3; quick-change bracket assembly 4; quick-change bracket 41; battery pack assembly 5; battery pack 51.
  • Embodiment 6-Embodiment 9 positioning seat 10; positioning seat body 101; slide 11; opening 12; clamping device 13; clamping assembly 130; swing body 131; fixed shaft 132; elastic pad 14; spring 15; positioning Pin 20; positioning mechanism 30; quick-change bracket assembly 40; quick-change bracket 41; battery pack assembly 50; battery pack 51.
  • Embodiment 10-Embodiment 11 quick-change bracket assembly 10; quick-change bracket 11; locking mechanism 20; chute positioning mechanism 30; chute seat 31; chute 11; chute pin 32; shaft sleeve 23; double pendulum Positioning mechanism 40; double swing seat 41; double swing pin 42; battery pack assembly 60; battery pack 61.
  • this embodiment is a positioning base 1 for positioning and fixing the battery pack.
  • the positioning base 1 is used to accommodate positioning pins for fixing the battery pack.
  • the side of the positioning base 1 is provided with openings 12 and The slideway 11 extending from the opening 12, the opening 12 is used for the positioning pin to enter the slideway 11; the slideway 11 is provided with a first limiting portion, the first limiting portion is used to restrict the positioning pin from leaving the positioning seat 1 in the axial direction .
  • the first limiting portion is used to limit the movement direction of the positioning pin, so that the positioning pin 2 cannot be separated from the positioning seat 1 along its axial direction, thereby realizing the axial fixation of the battery pack using the positioning pin.
  • This embodiment reduces the movement direction of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • the slideway 11 in this embodiment has a supporting platform 111, the supporting platform 111 is used to support the positioning pin, and the first limiting portion is provided on the supporting platform 111.
  • the support platform 111 is used to support the positioning pins, so that the positioning pins are more stable.
  • the supporting platform 111 can also be designed in other forms.
  • the first limiting portion is designed as a recessed portion 13.
  • the recessed portion 13 has a first limiting surface 131 and a second limiting surface 132, and the first limiting surface 131 and the second limiting surface 132 intersect The place is the lowest point of the depression.
  • the recessed portion 13 is designed as the first limiting surface 131 and the second limiting surface 132, which simplifies the structure of the recessed portion 13 and helps to improve the limiting function of the recessed portion 13.
  • the first limit surface 131 and the second limit surface 132 are approximately flat surfaces, and the intersection of the two uses a circular arc transition. The appearance of sharp corners is avoided, which is beneficial to improve the service life of the first limit part.
  • the first limiting surface 131 and the second limiting surface 132 can also be designed in other forms, such as curved surfaces.
  • the first limiting portion can also be designed as a convex portion, similar to the concave portion 13.
  • the cross section of the first limiting portion may also be one of an arc shape, a V shape, or a trapezoid shape.
  • the cross-section of the first limiting part is designed to be one of arc, V or trapezoid, which is conducive to the positioning seat 1 to realize the limiting function, and also simplifies the structure of the first limiting part and improves positioning The life cycle of Block 1.
  • the positioning base 1 further includes a buffer part, at least a part of the buffer part is located in the slideway 11, and when the positioning base 1 is in a positioning state, the buffer part abuts against the wall surface of the positioning pin.
  • the buffer portion is used to absorb the kinetic energy when the positioning pin is converted to the positioning state, which is beneficial to reduce the impact of the positioning pin on the positioning seat 1 and reduce the noise during the positioning of the positioning pin, which is beneficial to improve the stability of the positioning pin in the positioning state.
  • the buffer portion in this embodiment is an elastic pad 14.
  • the elastic pad 14 is used as the buffer portion, which reduces the cost of the buffer portion and improves the buffering effect of the buffer portion.
  • the material of the elastic pad 14 may be silica gel, of course, other materials may also be selected for the elastic pad 14.
  • the buffer part can also choose other forms.
  • this embodiment is a positioning pin 2.
  • the positioning pin 2 is connected to the battery pack.
  • the positioning pin 2 is used to cooperate with the positioning base 1 as described above.
  • the positioning pin 2 is provided with a second limit position.
  • the second limiting portion is used to cooperate with the first limiting portion to limit the axial movement of the battery pack along the positioning pin 2.
  • the second limiting portion is matched with the first limiting portion to improve the stability of the positioning pin 2 in the positioning state, so that the positioning pin 2 is fixed in its axial direction, thereby realizing the use of the positioning pin
  • the battery pack of 2 is fixed in the axial direction.
  • This embodiment reduces the movement direction of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • the positioning pin 2 includes a pin seat 21, a pin shaft 22, a shaft sleeve 23 and a shaft stop 24.
  • the second limiting part is the sleeve 23.
  • the sleeve 23 and the slideway 11 can also be designed as a transitional fit. The use of the shaft sleeve 23 that is transitionally matched with the slideway 11 makes the positioning pin 2 more stable relative to the positioning seat 1 and reduces the accidental movement of the positioning pin 2.
  • the shaft sleeve 23 is sleeved on the pin shaft 22.
  • the shaft sleeve 23 can more fully cooperate with the first limiting portion of the positioning base 1, which is beneficial to improve the stability of the positioning pin 2 in the positioning state.
  • the sleeve 23 can rotate relative to the pin shaft 22.
  • the shaft sleeve 23 By designing the shaft sleeve 23 to be rotatable, the resistance when the positioning pin 2 enters the slideway 11 is reduced, which is beneficial to improve the service life of the positioning pin 2.
  • the shaft sleeve 23 and the pin shaft 22 are designed to be detachably connected, so that the shaft sleeve 23 and the pin shaft 22 can be designed and manufactured separately, and the performance of the two can be more in line with their respective use environments, thereby helping to improve the positioning pin 2 quality.
  • the positioning pin 2 further includes a shaft stop 24, the shaft stop 24 is arranged on the end surface of the positioning pin 2, and the shaft stop 24 is used to prevent the second limiting portion from moving in the axial direction of the positioning pin 2.
  • the shaft stop 24 is used to prevent the second limiting portion from moving in the axial direction of the positioning pin 2.
  • the second limiting portion and the positioning pin 2 can also be designed as an integral structure.
  • the manufacturing process of the positioning pin 2 is simplified, and the cost of the positioning pin 2 is reduced.
  • the second limiting portion is designed as an outwardly convex sleeve 23.
  • the second limiting portion may also be designed in other forms, such as inwardly concave or wave-shaped.
  • the second limiting portion can be another type of convex portion, and the number of the second limiting portion is multiple, and the multiple convex portions are along the axial direction of the positioning pin 2.
  • Arrangement, or a plurality of protrusions are arranged along the radial direction of the positioning pin 2.
  • the protrusions and the recesses 13 of the positioning seat 1 are engaged with each other to improve the stability of the positioning pin 2 when it is in the positioning state.
  • a plurality of protrusions are provided on the positioning pin 2 so that the positioning pin 2 is more stable and cannot be separated from the positioning seat 1 along its axial direction. The problem of the positioning state change caused by the failure of a single protrusion is also avoided, and the safety factor of the positioning pin 2 is improved.
  • this embodiment is a positioning mechanism 3 for positioning and fixing the battery pack.
  • the positioning mechanism 3 includes the positioning seat 1 in the first embodiment and the positioning pin 2 in the second embodiment.
  • the pin 2 is arranged on the battery pack, and the positioning mechanism 3 is used to restrict the battery pack from separating from the positioning seat 1 along the axial direction of the positioning pin 2.
  • the first limiting portion of the positioning seat 1 and the second limiting portion of the positioning pin 2 are matched with each other to limit the movement direction of the positioning pin 2 so that the positioning pin 2 cannot be separated from the positioning seat 1 along its axial direction. Therefore, the axial fixation of the battery pack using the positioning pin 2 is realized.
  • This embodiment reduces the movement direction of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • this embodiment is a quick-change bracket assembly 4 for installing battery packs.
  • the quick-change bracket assembly 4 includes a quick-change bracket 41, and the quick-change bracket assembly 4 also includes a positioning seat 1 of a positioning mechanism 3.
  • the positioning base 1 is arranged on the quick-change bracket 41.
  • the positioning base 1 is arranged on one side of the quick-change bracket 41.
  • This embodiment utilizes the quick-change bracket assembly 4 including the positioning seat 1, so that the battery pack located in the quick-change bracket assembly 4 cannot be separated from the quick-change bracket 41 along the axial direction of the positioning pin 2, thereby realizing the use of the quick-change bracket assembly 4
  • the battery pack is fixed in the axial direction.
  • This embodiment reduces the movement direction of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • FIG. 10 shows the battery pack assembly 5 of the electric vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle of this embodiment includes the battery pack assembly 5 and the quick-change bracket assembly 4 in the fourth embodiment.
  • the battery pack 51 of the electric vehicle is fixed in the axial direction of the positioning pin 2.
  • This embodiment reduces the movement direction of the battery pack 51, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack 51, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack 51, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack 51. At the same time, it is also beneficial to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack 51.
  • this embodiment is a positioning seat 10 for positioning and fixing the battery pack.
  • the positioning seat 10 includes a positioning seat body 101.
  • the side of the positioning seat body 101 is provided with an opening 12 and a self-opening 12.
  • the extended slideway 11 and the opening 12 are used for the positioning pin of the battery pack to enter the slideway 11.
  • the positioning seat 10 also includes a clamping device 13, which is arranged in the slideway 11. When the positioning pin is at the positioning point, The clamping device 13 abuts against the positioning pin in the vertical direction.
  • the clamping device 13 is provided in the slideway 11, so that the positioning pin at the positioning point is tightly clamped, thereby preventing the positioning pin from moving in the vertical direction, thereby realizing the positioning of the positioning pin in the vertical direction.
  • the fixing also realizes the vertical positioning and fixing of the positioning mechanism using the positioning base 10, the quick-change bracket assembly, and the battery pack of the electric vehicle.
  • This embodiment reduces the movement of the battery pack and reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack. It is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack and reduce the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • the clamping device 13 is provided at the positioning point of the positioning pin in the slide 11.
  • the tightening device is arranged at the positioning point, so that the positioning pin is more stable at the positioning point, and the probability of accidental movement of the positioning pin at the positioning point is reduced.
  • the clamping device 13 includes a swing body 131 and a fixed shaft 132.
  • the fixed shaft 132 is connected to the positioning base body 101.
  • the swing body 131 can rotate around the fixed shaft 132; when the positioning pin is at the positioning point, the swing body 131 abuts against The outer wall of the positioning pin.
  • This embodiment simplifies the structure of the clamping device 13 by using the swinging body 131 and the fixed shaft 132.
  • the swinging body 131 can rotate around the fixed shaft 132, so that the swinging body 131 can be switched to the positioning state more easily, and the positioning of the positioning pin is also improved.
  • the stability of the anchor point In other embodiments, the clamping device 13 can also be designed in other forms.
  • the swing body 131 further has an arc surface, and the arc surface abuts against the outer wall of the positioning pin.
  • the arc surface of the oscillating body 131 is used to abut the positioning pin, which improves the stability of the positioning pin at the positioning point.
  • the swing body 131 can also be designed in other forms.
  • the swinging body 131 can also be swung toward the entrance of the slideway 11.
  • the swing body 131 is swung toward the entrance, so that the positioning pin enters the swing body 131 more easily, and at the same time, the stability of the positioning pin in the swing body 131 is improved.
  • the clamping device 13 may further include an elastic member, which is provided between the positioning base body 101 and the swing body 131, and the elastic member acts on the swing body 131 so that the swing body 131 is not stressed.
  • the contact surface of 131 faces the direction in which the positioning pin slides in.
  • an elastic member is used to make the swing swing in the direction in which the positioning pin slides in, which facilitates the smooth sliding of the positioning pin into the swing body 131, and further facilitates the clamping device 13 to clamp the positioning pin.
  • one end of the elastic member can also be inserted into the swing body 131, and the other end of the elastic member abuts against the positioning base body 101.
  • an elastic member is inserted into the swing body 131 and the positioning base body 101, which improves the stability of the elastic member, and facilitates the replacement of the elastic member to apply elastic force to the swing body 131.
  • the elastic member is designed as a spring 15.
  • the spring 15 is used to simplify the design form of the elastic member, improve the service life of the elastic member, and reduce the use cost of the positioning seat 10.
  • the elastic member can also be designed in other forms, and of course, other installation positions can also be selected.
  • the clamping device 13 includes two clamping assemblies 130, each clamping assembly 130 includes a swing body 131 and a fixed shaft 132, and the two clamping assemblies 130 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slide 11 .
  • symmetrically arranged clamping components 130 are used.
  • the two sets of clamping components 130 can clamp the positioning pin at the same time, which improves the stability of the positioning base 10.
  • only one set of clamping components 130 may be provided, which can also solve the corresponding technical problems.
  • the center line of the positioning pin is coplanar with the center lines of the two fixed shafts 132.
  • the center line of the positioning pin and the center lines of the two fixed shafts 132 are designed to be coplanar.
  • the distance between the positioning pin and the two fixed shafts 132 is the smallest, so that the two swing bodies 131
  • the tighter clamping of the positioning pin makes the axial force of the positioning pin at this time the greatest, and it is difficult for the positioning pin to leave the positioning point, which improves the stability of the positioning seat 10.
  • the positioning pin and the two swinging bodies 131 can also be designed as a transitional fit. This embodiment can further make the two swinging bodies 131 clamp the positioning pin more tightly, so that the positioning pin is The axial force is greater, the positioning pin is more difficult to leave the positioning point, and it is more firmly fixed at the positioning point.
  • the positioning seat 10 further includes a buffer portion, at least a part of the buffer portion is located in the slideway 11, and when the positioning pin is at the positioning point, the buffer portion abuts against the wall surface of the positioning pin.
  • the buffer part is used to absorb part of the kinetic energy when the positioning pin is converted to the positioning state, which is beneficial to reduce the impact of the positioning pin on the positioning seat 10, reduce the noise during positioning of the positioning pin, and improve the stability of the positioning pin in the positioning state.
  • the buffer portion is an elastic pad 14.
  • the elastic pad 14 is used as the buffer part, which reduces the cost of the buffer part and improves the buffer effect of the buffer part.
  • the buffer portion can also be designed in other forms.
  • a set of clamping assemblies 130 are respectively arranged in the accommodating cavities on both sides.
  • the receiving cavity provides a receiving space for the clamping assembly 130.
  • a mounting hole for the fixed shaft 132 is provided in the positioning base body 101, so that the swing body 131 can swing around the fixed shaft 132 in the containing cavity.
  • the arc surface of the swinging body 131 and the slide 11 The edges of the oscillating body 131 are flush with each other, so that the positioning pins that reach the butt joint can enter or leave the arc surface of the swing body 131 smoothly. Under normal circumstances, that is, when the positioning pin does not enter the arc surface of the swing body 131, the swing body 131 will turn to the direction in which the positioning pin slides under the action of the spring 15. At this time, the arc surface of the swing body 131 is flush with the edge of the slideway 11.
  • the positioning pin enters the slideway 11 from the opening 12 and continues to go deep along the slideway 11.
  • the positioning pin can smoothly enter the arc surface of the swing body 131.
  • the positioning pin When the positioning pin continues to deepen along the arc and gradually reaches the middle of the arc from the edge of the arc, the distance between the axis of the positioning pin and the axis of the fixed shaft 132 on the upper and lower sides gradually decreases, and the positioning pin creates The pressure gradually increases, and the pressure causes the swing body 131 to rotate around the fixed shaft 132.
  • the positioning pin When the positioning pin reaches the middle position of the arc, that is, when the axis of the positioning pin is coplanar with the axis of the fixed shaft 132 on the upper and lower sides, it is also the axis of the positioning pin and the fixed shaft 132 on the upper and lower sides.
  • the axis distance is the smallest, the positioning pin and the arc surface of the swing body 131 are in a transitional fit state, and the positioning pin exerts the greatest pressure on the arc surface of the swing body 131.
  • the position here is also the positioning point of the positioning pin.
  • the fixing pressure that the positioning pin receives at this positioning point is also the largest, so that the upper and lower clamping assemblies 130 realize the clamping and fixing of the positioning pin, so that the positioning pin cannot move in the vertical direction.
  • the swing body 131 turns to the direction in which the positioning pin slides under the action of the spring 15. At this time, the arc surface of the swing body 131 is flush with the edge of the slideway 11.
  • this embodiment is a positioning mechanism 30.
  • the positioning mechanism 30 includes a positioning pin 20 and a positioning seat 10 as in Embodiment 6.
  • the positioning pin 20 is provided on the battery pack.
  • the opening 12 enters the chute 11.
  • the clamping device 13 is used to fix the positioning pin 20 in the vertical direction, thereby realizing the fixing of the battery pack using the positioning pin 20 in the vertical direction.
  • This embodiment reduces the movement direction of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the battery pack failure.
  • the positioning pin 20 can also be designed as an integral structure, and the integral structure is processed.
  • the positioning pin 20 of this embodiment has a simple structure, and has good strength and rigidity. It is also possible to perform heat treatment at the matching position of the positioning pin 20 and the clamping device 13 to increase the wear resistance. This embodiment can further increase the service life of the positioning pin 20 and reduce the use cost of the positioning mechanism 30.
  • the positioning pin 20 enters the positioning base body 101 through the opening 12 of the slideway 11.
  • the swing body 131 swings in the direction in which the positioning pin 20 slides under the action of the spring 15.
  • the positioning pin 20 gradually slides from the slide 11 into the arc surface of the swing body 131, under the combined action of the pressure of the positioning pin 20 and the elastic force of the spring 15, the swing body 131 starts to roll around the fixed shaft 132; when the positioning pin 20
  • the positioning point that is, when the positioning pin 20 reaches the middle of the arc surface of the oscillating body 131, the axes of the upper and lower fixed shafts 132 are coplanar with the axis of the positioning pin 20.
  • the positioning pin 20 The distance to the two fixed shafts 132 is the smallest. Therefore, the two oscillating bodies 131 exert the greatest pressure on the positioning pin 20, that is, the positioning pin 20 receives the greatest pressure from the upper and lower clamping components 130, so that the positioning pin 20 is fixed in the vertical direction.
  • the positioning pin 20 and the two oscillating bodies 131 are designed as a transitional fit, which can further tighten the clamping locating pin 20 of the two oscillating bodies 131, that is, the positioning pin 20 at this time The axial force is greater, so that the positioning pin 20 is more difficult to leave the positioning point, and is more firmly fixed at the positioning point.
  • an elastic pad 14 is further provided at the end of the slideway 11, a part of the elastic pad 14 is provided in the slideway 11, and the other part is inserted into the positioning seat body 101.
  • the elastic pad 14 helps to reduce the impact of the positioning pin 20 on the positioning seat 10, reduces the noise during the positioning of the positioning pin 20, and helps to improve the stability of the positioning pin 20 in the positioning state.
  • this embodiment is a quick-change bracket assembly 40, which is used to install battery packs.
  • the quick-change bracket assembly 40 includes a quick-change bracket 41, and the quick-change bracket assembly 40 also includes the positioning as in the seventh embodiment.
  • the mechanism 30 and the quick-change bracket 41 are connected to the positioning base 10.
  • This embodiment utilizes the quick-change bracket 41 including the positioning base 10, so that the battery pack located in the quick-change bracket assembly 40 cannot be separated from the quick-change bracket 41 in the height direction, so that the battery pack using the quick-change bracket assembly 40 is at a height. Fixed direction.
  • This embodiment reduces the movement direction of the battery pack, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • this embodiment is an electric vehicle, and the battery pack assembly 50 of the electric vehicle is shown in the figure.
  • the electric vehicle includes a battery pack assembly 50 and a quick-change bracket assembly 40 as in the eighth embodiment.
  • the quick-change bracket assembly 40 includes the positioning base 10 in the sixth embodiment.
  • the battery pack 51 includes a positioning pin 20 and a battery pack 51.
  • the positioning pin is arranged on the side of the battery pack 51.
  • the positioning pin 20 and the positioning seat 10 cooperate with each other, so that the battery pack 51 of the electric vehicle can be fixed in the height direction.
  • This embodiment reduces the movement direction of the battery pack 51, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack 51, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack 51, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack 51. At the same time, it is also beneficial to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack 51.
  • this embodiment is a quick-change bracket assembly 10 for installing a battery pack to an electric vehicle.
  • the quick-change bracket assembly 10 includes a quick-change bracket 11, a locking mechanism 20, and a positioning mechanism.
  • the locking mechanism 20 and the positioning mechanism are both arranged on the quick-change bracket 11.
  • the locking mechanism 20 is used to lock the battery pack on the electric vehicle and restrict the battery pack from moving in the driving direction of the electric vehicle; the positioning mechanism is used to restrict the battery
  • the bag moves in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel in the horizontal plane and/or restricts the battery pack from moving in the vertical direction.
  • the slideway positioning mechanism 30 and the double pendulum positioning mechanism 40 are provided in the quick-change bracket assembly 10 to realize the fixation of the battery pack in the axial and vertical directions of the slideway pin 32.
  • This embodiment reduces the number of battery packs.
  • the movement of the battery pack reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack, which is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack and reduce the probability of damage to the battery pack. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack.
  • the positioning mechanism may further include a slideway positioning mechanism 30, which is used to restrict the battery pack from moving in a horizontal plane in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel.
  • the slideway positioning mechanism 30 is the same as the positioning mechanism 3 in the embodiment 1-5
  • the slideway seat 31 is the same as the positioning seat 1 in the embodiment 1-5
  • the slideway pin 32 is the same as the positioning pin in the embodiment 1-5 2.
  • the first limiting portion is the same as the first limiting surface 131 in the embodiment 1-5
  • the second limiting portion is the same as the second limiting surface 132 in the embodiment 1-5.
  • the slideway 11 of the slideway seat 31 is provided with a first limiting portion
  • the slideway pin 32 is provided with a second limiting portion 321.
  • the second limiting portion is used to cooperate with the first limiting portion to limit the battery pack. Move along the axial direction of the slide pin 32.
  • the slideway positioning mechanism 30 by arranging the slideway positioning mechanism 30 on the left or right side of the quick-change bracket 11, the battery pack is fixed along the axial direction of the slideway pin 32, and the battery pack is restricted from being perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the direction movement of the driving direction also avoids the problems of simultaneous positioning on both axial sides of the chute pin 32, which leads to complicated installation of the battery pack and high positioning accuracy requirements.
  • the first limiting portion may be designed as a convex portion or a concave portion.
  • the first limiting portion is designed as a convex portion or a concave portion, which is beneficial to the slideway seat 31 to realize the limiting function, while also simplifying the structure of the first limiting portion and improving the use of the slideway seat 31 life.
  • the second limiting portion is sleeved on the slide rail pin 32, and the second limiting portion is rotatable relative to the slide rail pin 32.
  • the second limiting portion is sleeved on the outer side of the slide pin 32, so that the second limiting portion can more fully cooperate with the first limiting portion, and the stability of the positioning state of the slide pin 32 can be improved.
  • the second limit part is designed to be rotatable, which reduces the resistance when the slide pin 32 enters the slide, which is beneficial to improve the service life of the slide pin 32.
  • the positioning mechanism may further include a double pendulum positioning mechanism 40, which is used for restricting the movement of the battery pack in the vertical direction.
  • This embodiment uses the dual pendulum positioning mechanism 40 to limit the movement of the battery pack in the vertical direction, simplifies the structure of the quick-change bracket assembly 10, reduces the movement of the battery pack, and reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack. It is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack and reduce the probability of damage to the battery pack.
  • the double pendulum positioning mechanism 40 is the same as the positioning mechanism 30 in the embodiment 6-9
  • the double pendulum seat 41 is the same as the positioning seat 10 in the embodiment 6-9
  • the double pendulum pin 42 is the same as the positioning pin in the embodiment 6-9. 20
  • the double pendulum positioning mechanism 40 is symmetrically arranged on one or both of the left side and the right side of the quick-change bracket 11.
  • the double pendulum positioning mechanism 40 is arranged on one side of the quick-change bracket 11, which realizes the restriction on the vertical movement of the battery pack.
  • the double pendulum positioning mechanism 40 is arranged on the two sides of the quick-change bracket 11, which improves The stability of the battery pack.
  • This embodiment is an electric vehicle, which includes a battery pack assembly 60 and the quick-change bracket assembly 10 as in the tenth embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 shows the battery pack assembly 60 in this embodiment.
  • the quick-change bracket assembly 10 is used to make the battery pack 61 of the electric vehicle fixed in the driving direction, the vertical direction, and the axial direction of the slide pin 32 of the electric vehicle.
  • This embodiment reduces the direction of movement of the battery pack 61, reduces the complexity of the movement state of the battery pack 61, is beneficial to improve the life of the battery pack 61, and reduces the probability of damage to the battery pack 61. At the same time, it is also helpful to analyze the cause of the failure of the battery pack 61.

Abstract

一种定位座（1，10）、定位销（2，20）、定位机构（3，30）、快换支架组件（4，10，40）及电动汽车，其中定位座（1，10）用于电池包（51，61）的定位固定，定位座（1，10）用于容纳固定电池包（51，61）的定位销（2，20），定位座（1，10）的侧面设有开口（12）以及自开口（12）延伸的滑道（11），开口（12）用于供定位销（2，20）进入滑道（11）；滑道（11）内设有第一限位部（13），第一限位部（13）用于限制定位销（2，20）沿轴向脱离定位座（1，10）。通过在定位座（1，10）设置第一限位部（13），利用第一限位部（13）实现了对定位销（2，20）移动方向的限制，使得定位销（2，20）不能沿其轴向脱离定位座（1，10），从而实现了使用该定位销（2，20）的电池包（51，61）在轴向的固定。减少了电池包（51，61）的运动方向，降低了电池包（51，61）运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包（51，61）的寿命，减少电池包（51，61）受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包（51，61）出现故障的原因。

Description

定位座、定位销、定位机构、快换支架组件及电动汽车
本申请要求申请日为2019年6月27日的中国专利申请201910569887.9、201910568751.6、201910569923.1的中国专利申请的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及换电设备领域，特别涉及一种定位座、定位销、定位机构、快换支架组件及电动汽车。
背景技术
现有的电动汽车的电池包安装方式一般分为固定式和可换式。
其中固定式电池包一般固定在汽车上，充电时直接以汽车作为充电对象。固定式电池包在与车身连接时，通常采用销子进行定位，并利用螺栓进行固定。该定位及固定方法的固定效果很好，基本可以保证X\Y\Z三个方向的固定。但在电池包更换上却显出了诸多的笨拙，不便于灵活拆卸电池，同时螺栓的多次拆卸也会增加螺栓失效的概率，存在一定的风险。
而可换式电池包，一般采用活动安装的方式，电池包可以随时取下并更换新的电池包。目前现有的可换式电池包在与车身连接时，电池包与车身之间通常会用到锁止机构，锁止机构一般包括锁轴及锁座，锁轴一般设置在电池包侧，锁座设置在车身侧，锁座中设有滑道。电池包一般从车身的底部安装。锁轴随着电池包从下方进入锁座的滑道，之后电池包再沿X方向移动到位，实现电池包的安装。该种电池包的安装方法通常只对电池包进行了浮动定位，并且在对电池包浮动定位后并未进行固定，也就是锁轴能够相对滑道在X\Y\Z三个方向上运动。这样，在车辆行驶中，通常会造成电池包在X\Y\Z三个方向上产生复杂运动，从而造成电池包故障率高，并且，电池包发生故障后难以判断故障的原因。另外，由于电池包的复杂运动，对电池包进行受力分析时，相关受力分析也很复杂。
综上，目前电动汽车中的固定式电池包的连接方式不便拆卸，可换式电池包的连接方式不能对电池进行X、Y或Z方向的固定，造成电池包易发生故障。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中的缺陷，提供一种定位座、定位销、定位机构、快换支架组件及电动汽车。
本发明通过以下技术方案解决上述技术问题：
本发明提供了一种定位座，用于电池包的定位固定，所述定位座用于容纳固定电池包的定位销，所述定位座的侧面设有开口以及自所述开口延伸的滑道，所述开口用于供所述定位销进入所述滑道；所述滑道内设有第一限位部，所述第一限位部用于限制所述定位销沿轴向脱离所述定位座。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用第一限位部实现了对定位销移动方向的限制，使得定位销不能沿其轴向脱离定位座，从而实现了使用该定位销的电池包在轴向的固定。本方案减少了电池包的运动，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
较佳地，所述滑道具有支撑平台，所述支撑平台用于支撑所述定位销，所述第一限位部设于所述支撑平台上。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用支撑平台实现了对定位销的支撑，使得定位销更加稳固。
较佳地，所述第一限位部的截面为弧形、V形或梯形中的一种。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将第一限位部的截面设计为弧形、V形或梯形中的一种，有利于定位座实现限位功能，同时也简化了第一限位部的结构形式，提高定位座的使用周期。
较佳地，所述第一限位部为凸起部或者所述第一限位部为凹陷部；
优选地，所述凸起部具有第一限位面及第二限位面，所述第一限位面与所述第二限位面的相交处为所述凸起部的最高点；
和/或，所述第一限位面与所述第二限位面为平面或曲面。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将第一限位部设计为凸起部或者凹陷部，有利于定位座实现限位功能，同时也简化了第一限位部的结构形式，提高定位座的使用周期。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将凸起部设计为第一限位面及第二限位面，简化了凸起部的结构形式，占用的空间较小。另外，凸起部的最高点有利于提高定位的可靠性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用平面或曲面构成第一限位面及第二限位面，简化了第一限位面及第二限位面的结构形式。
较佳地，所述定位座还包括缓冲部，至少一部分所述缓冲部位于所述滑道内，当所 述定位座处于定位状态时，所述缓冲部抵接于所述定位销的壁面；
优选地，所述缓冲部为弹性垫。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用缓冲部吸收部分定位销转换至定位状态时的动能，有利于降低定位销对定位座的冲击，降低定位销定位时的噪音，有利于提高定位销处于定位状态时的稳固性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用弹性垫作为缓冲部，降低了缓冲部的成本，提高了缓冲部的缓冲效果。
一种定位座，用于电池包的定位固定，所述定位座包括定位座本体，所述定位座本体的侧面设有开口以及自开口延伸的滑道，所述开口用于供电池包的定位销进入所述滑道，所述定位座还包括夹紧装置，所述夹紧装置设置在所述滑道内，当所述定位销处于定位点时，所述夹紧装置沿竖直方向抵接于所述定位销。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，通过在滑道内设置夹紧装置，使得处于定位点的定位销被紧紧的夹住，进而使定位销不能沿竖直方向移动，从而实现了定位销在竖直方向的固定，也实现了使用定位座的定位机构、快换支架组件及电动汽车的电池包在竖直方向的定位及固定，本方案减少了电池包的运动，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
较佳地，所述夹紧装置设于所述滑道内的所述定位销的定位点处。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将加紧装置设置在定位点处，使得定位销在定位点更加稳固，降低了定位销在定位点时意外移动的概率。
较佳地，所述夹紧装置包括摆动体及固定轴，所述固定轴与所述定位座本体连接，所述摆动体能够绕所述固定轴转动；当所述定位销位于定位点时，所述摆动体抵接于所述定位销的外壁；
优选地，所述摆动体具有弧面，所述弧面抵接于所述定位销的外壁；
和/或，当所述定位销未进入所述滑道时，所述摆动体摆向所述滑道的入口；
和/或，所述夹紧装置包括两个夹紧组件，每个所述夹紧组件均包括一个所述摆动体及所述固定轴，两个所述夹紧组件对称设置在所述滑道的两侧；
优选地，当所述定位销位于定位点时，所述定位销的中心线与两个所述固定轴的中心线共面；
优选地，所述夹紧装置还包括弹性件，所述弹性件设置在所述定位座本体与所述摆动体之间，所述弹性件作用于所述摆动体，以使所述摆动体未受力时所述摆动体的抵接 面朝向所述定位销滑入的方向；
优选地，所述弹性件的一端插入所述摆动体，所述弹性件的另一端抵接于所述定位座本体；
和/或，所述弹性件为弹簧。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用摆动体及固定轴简化了夹紧装置的结构，利用摆动体能够绕固定轴转动，使得摆动体更加容易的切换至定位状态，同时也提高了定位销在定位点的稳固性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用摆动体的弧面抵接定位销，提高了定位销在定位点的稳固性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将摆动体摆向入口，使得定位销更加容易进入摆动体，同时也提高了定位销在摆动体内的稳固性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用对称设置的夹紧组件，当定位销在定位点时，两组夹紧组件可以同时夹紧定位销，提高了定位座的稳固性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将定位销的中心线与两个固定轴的中心线设计为共面，当定位销处于定位点时，定位销与两个固定轴的距离最小，从而使得两个摆动体更加紧固的夹紧定位销，使得定位销的此时的轴向受力最大，定位销难以离开定位点，提高了定位座的稳固性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用弹性件使得摆动摆向定位销滑入的方向，有利于定位销顺利的滑入摆动体，进而有利于夹紧装置夹紧定位销。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将弹性件插入摆动体及定位座本体，提高了弹性件的稳定性，有利于弹性件更换的对摆动体施加弹力。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用弹簧简化了弹性件的设计形式，提高了弹性件的寿命，降低了定位座的使用成本。
较佳地，所述定位座还包括缓冲部，至少一部分所述缓冲部位于所述滑道内，当所述定位销处于定位点时，所述缓冲部抵接所述定位销的壁面；
优选地，所述缓冲部为弹性垫。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用缓冲部吸收部分定位销转换至定位状态时的动能，有利于降低定位销对定位座的冲击，降低定位销定位时的噪音，有利于提高定位销处于定位状态时的稳固性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用弹性垫作为缓冲部，降低了缓冲部的成本，提高了缓冲部的缓冲效果。
一种定位销，所述定位销与电池包相连接，所述定位销用于与如上至少一项所述定位座相配合，所述定位销设有第二限位部，所述第二限位部用于与所述第一限位部相配合，以限制所述电池包沿所述定位销的轴向移动；
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用第二限位部与第一限位部相配合，提高了定位销处于定位状态时的稳固性，使得定位销在其轴向方向得以固定，从而实现了使用该定位销的电池包在轴向的固定。本方案减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
较佳地，所述第一限位部为凹陷部，所述第二限位部为凸起部，且所述第二限位部的数量为多个，多个所述凸起部沿所述定位销的轴向布置，或者多个所述凸起部沿所述定位销的径向布置。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用凸起部与凹陷部相互卡合，提高了定位销处于定位状态时的稳固性。同时，在定位销上设置多个凸起部，使得定位销更加稳固，不易从定位座中沿其轴向离开。也避免了单个凸起部失效而引起的定位状态改变的问题，提高了定位销的安全系数。
较佳地，所述第二限位部与所述定位销为一整体结构；
或，所述第二限位部与所述定位销为可拆卸连接；
优选地，所述第二限位部套设于所述定位销；
优选地，所述第二限位部相对于所述定位销可转动；
和/或，所述定位销还包括轴挡，所述轴挡设置在所述定位销的端面，所述轴挡用于阻止所述第二限位部沿所述定位销的轴向移动；
和/或，所述第二限位部为轴套，所述轴套与所述滑道过渡配合。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将第二限位部与定位销设计为整体结构，简化了定位销的制造工序，降低了定位销的成本。将第二限位部与定位销的连接方式设计为可拆卸，使得第二限位部与定位销能够单独设计、制造，也使二者的性能更加符合各自的使用环境，有利于提高定位销的质量。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将第二限位部套设于定位销的外侧，使第二限位部能够更加充分地与第一限位部配合，能够提高定位销处于定位状态的稳固性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将第二限位部设计为可以转动，降低了定位销进入滑道时的阻力，有利于提高定位销的使用周期。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用轴挡阻止第二限位部沿轴向移动，提高了定 位销的安全系数。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用与滑道过渡配合的轴套，使得定位销与定位座更加稳固，减少了定位销的意外移动。
一种定位机构，用于电池包的定位固定，所述定位机构包括如上至少一项所述的定位座及如上至少一项所述的定位销，所述定位销设置在电池包上，所述定位机构用于限制所述电池包沿所述定位销的轴向脱离所述定位座；
或者，所述定位机构包括定位销及如上至少一项所述的定位座，所述定位销设置在电池包上，所述定位销自所述开口进入所述滑道。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用定位座的第一限位部及定位销第二限位部相互配合，实现了对定位销移动方向的限制，使的定位销不能沿其轴向脱离定位座，从而实现了使用该定位销的电池包在轴向的固定。本方案减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用夹紧装置使得定位销在竖直方向上被固定，从而实现了使用该定位销的电池包在竖直方向的固定。本方案减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
一种快换支架组件，用于安装电池包，所述快换支架组件包括快换支架，所述快换支架组件还包括如上所述的定位机构，所述定位座设于所述快换支架上。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用包括定位座的快换支架组件，使得位于快换支架组件内的电池包不能沿定位销的轴向脱离快换支架，从而实现了使用该快换支架组件的电池包在轴向的固定。本方案减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用包括定位座的快换支架，使得位于快换支架组件内的电池包不能沿高度方向脱离快换支架，从而实现了使用该快换支架组件的电池包在高度方向的固定。本方案减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
一种快换支架组件，用于将电池包安装至电动汽车，所述快换支架组件包括快换支架、锁止机构和定位机构，所述锁止机构及所述定位机构均设置在所述快换支架上，所 述锁止机构用于将所述电池包锁止在电动汽车上，并限制所述电池包沿电动汽车的行驶方向移动；所述定位机构用于限制所述电池包在水平面内沿垂直于所述行驶方向的方向移动和/或限制所述电池包沿竖直方向移动。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用在快换支架组件中设置滑道定位机构及双摆定位机构，实现了电池包在电动汽车行驶的方向、滑道销的轴向及竖直方向的固定，本方案减少了电池包的运动，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
较佳地，所述定位机构包括滑道定位机构，所述滑道定位机构用于限制所述电池包在水平面内沿垂直于所述行驶方向的方向移动。
较佳地，所述滑道定位机构包括滑道座，所述滑道座与所述快换支架相连接，用于与所述电池包上的滑道销配合；
所述滑道座的侧面设有开口以及自所述开口延伸的滑道，所述开口用于供所述滑道销进入所述滑道；
所述滑道座的所述滑道内设有第一限位部，所述滑道销设有第二限位部，所述第二限位部用于与所述第一限位部相配合，以限制所述电池包沿所述滑道销的轴向移动；
优选地，所述滑道座设置在所述快换支架的左侧面或者右侧面；
和/或，所述第一限位部为凸起部或者所述第一限位部为凹陷部；
和/或，所述第一限位部为凹陷部，所述第二限位部为凸起部，且所述第二限位部的数量为多个，多个所述凸起部沿所述滑道销的轴向布置，或者多个所述凸起部沿所述滑道销的径向布置。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，滑道定位机构利用第一限位部实现了对滑道销移动方向的限制，使得滑道销不能沿其轴向脱离滑道座，从而实现了使用该滑道销的电池包在轴向的固定。本方案减少了电池包的运动，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，通过将滑道定位机构设置在快换支架的左侧面或者右侧面，实现了对电池包沿滑道销轴向的固定，也避免了在滑道销的轴向两侧同时定位从而导致电池包安装复杂，定位精度要求高的的问题。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将第一限位部设计为凸起部或者凹陷部，有利于滑道座实现限位功能，同时也简化了第一限位部的结构形式，提高了滑道座的使用寿命。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用凸起部与凹陷部相互卡合，提高了滑道销处 于定位状态时的稳固性。同时，在滑道销上设置多个凸起部，使得滑道销更加稳固，不易从滑道座中沿其轴向离开。也避免了单个凸起部失效而引起的定位状态改变的问题，提高了滑道销的安全系数。
较佳地，所述定位机构包括双摆定位机构，所述双摆定位机构用于限制所述电池包沿竖直方向移动；
优选地，所述双摆定位机构对称的设置在所述快换支架的左侧面、右侧面中的一个侧面或两个侧面；
和/或，所述双摆定位机构包括双摆座及双摆销，所述双摆座与所述快换支架相连接，所述双摆销均与所述电池包相连接；
所述双摆座的侧面设有开口以及自所述开口延伸的滑道，所述开口用于供所述双摆销进入所述滑道；
所述双摆座还包括夹紧装置，所述夹紧装置设置在所述滑道内，当所述双摆销处于定位点时，所述夹紧装置沿竖直方向抵接于所述双摆销，以限制所述电池包沿竖直方向移动。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用双摆定位机构实现了电池包在竖直方向移动的限制，简化了快换支架组件的结构形式，减少了电池包的运动，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将双摆定位机构设置在快换支架的一个侧面，实现了对电池包竖直方向移动的限制，将双摆定位机构设置在快换支架的两个侧面，提高了电池包的稳固性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，通过在滑道内设置夹紧装置，使得处于定位点的双摆销被紧紧的夹住，进而使双摆销不能沿竖直方向移动，从而实现了双摆销在竖直方向的固定，也实现了使用双摆座的定位机构、快换支架组件及电动汽车的电池包在竖直方向的定位及固定，本方案减少了电池包的运动，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
较佳地，所述夹紧装置设于所述滑道内的所述双摆销的定位点处，所述夹紧装置包括摆动体及固定轴，所述固定轴与所述双摆座的本体连接，所述摆动体能够绕所述固定轴转动；当所述双摆销处于定位点时，所述摆动体抵接于所述双摆销的外壁；
优选地，所述夹紧装置包括两个夹紧组件，每个所述夹紧组件均包括一个所述摆动体及所述固定轴，两个所述夹紧组件对称设置在所述滑道的两侧；
优选地，当所述双摆销位于定位点时，所述双摆销的中心线与两个所述固定轴的中心线共面；
和/或，所述夹紧装置还包括弹性件，所述弹性件设置在所述双摆座本体与所述摆动体之间，所述弹性件作用于所述摆动体，以使所述摆动体未受力时所述摆动体的抵接面朝向所述双摆销滑入的方向，所述弹性件的一端插入所述摆动体，所述弹性件的另一端抵接于所述双摆座本体。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将加紧装置设置在定位点处，使得双摆销在定位点更加稳固，降低了双摆销在定位点时意外移动的概率。利用摆动体及固定轴简化了夹紧装置的结构，利用摆动体能够绕固定轴转动，使得摆动体更加容易的切换至定位状态，同时也提高了双摆销在定位点的稳固性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用对称设置的夹紧组件，当双摆销在定位点时，两组夹紧组件可以同时夹紧双摆销，提高了双摆销的稳固性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，将双摆销的中心线与两个固定轴的中心线设计为共面，当双摆销处于定位点时，双摆销与两个固定轴的距离最小，从而使得两个摆动体更加紧固的夹紧双摆销，使得双摆销此时的轴向受力最大，双摆销难以离开定位点，提高了双摆销的稳固性。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用弹性件使得摆动摆向双摆销滑入的方向，有利于双摆销顺利的滑入摆动体，进而有利于夹紧装置夹紧双摆销。将弹性件插入摆动体及双摆座的本体，提高了弹性件的稳定性，有利于弹性件更换的对摆动体施加弹力。
一种电动汽车，其包括电池包和如上至少一项所述的快换支架组件。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用快换支架组件，使得该电动汽车的电池包在定位销的轴向得以固定。本方案减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构，利用快换支架组件，使得该电动汽车的电池包在高度方向得以固定。本方案减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
在本方案中，通过采用以上结构利用快换支架组件，使得该电动汽车的电池包在竖直方向及滑道销的轴向得以固定。本方案减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分 析电池包出现故障的原因。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明通过在定位座设置第一限位部，利用第一限位部实现了对定位销移动方向的限制，使的定位销不能沿其轴向脱离定位座，从而实现了使用该定位销的电池包在轴向的固定。本发明减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的定位座的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1的定位座的另一结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例1的定位座的A-A截面的结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例1的定位座包含弹性垫的结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例2的定位销的结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例2的定位销的剖面的结构示意图。
图7为本发明实施例3的定位机构的结构示意图。
图8为本发明实施例3的定位机构的剖面的结构示意图。
图9为本发明实施例4的快换支架组件的结构示意图。
图10为本发明实施例5的电动汽车的电池包组件的结构示意图。
图11为本发明实施例6的定位座的结构示意图。
图12为本发明实施例6的定位座的另一结构示意图。
图13为本发明实施例7的定位机构的结构示意图。
图14为本发明实施例7的定位机构的剖面的结构示意图。
图15为本发明实施例7的定位机构的另一剖面的结构示意图。
图16为本发明实施例7的定位机构的定位销结构示意图。
图17为本发明实施例8的快换支架组件的结构示意图。
图18为本发明实施例9的电动汽车的电池包组件的结构示意图。
图19为本发明实施例10的快换支架组件的结构示意图。
图20为本发明实施例10的快换支架组件中滑道定位机构的结构示意图。
图21为本发明实施例10的快换支架组件中双摆定位机构的结构示意图。
图22为本发明实施例11的电动汽车的电池包组件的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
实施例1-实施例5：定位座1；滑道11；支撑平台111；开口12；凹陷部13；第一限位面131；第二限位面132；弹性垫14；定位销2；销座21；销轴22；轴套23；轴挡24；定位机构3；快换支架组件4；快换支架41；电池包组件5；电池包51。
实施例6-实施例9：定位座10；定位座本体101；滑道11；开口12；夹紧装置13；夹紧组件130；摆动体131；固定轴132；弹性垫14；弹簧15；定位销20；定位机构30；快换支架组件40；快换支架41；电池包组件50；电池包51。
实施例10-实施例11：快换支架组件10；快换支架11；锁止机构20；滑道定位机构30；滑道座31；滑道11；滑道销32；轴套23；双摆定位机构40；双摆座41；；双摆销42；电池包组件60；电池包61。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例1
如图1-图4所示，本实施例为一种定位座1，用于电池包的定位固定，定位座1用于容纳固定电池包的定位销，定位座1的侧面设有开口12以及自开口12延伸的滑道11，开口12用于供定位销进入滑道11；滑道11内设有第一限位部，第一限位部用于限制定位销沿轴向脱离定位座1。
本实施例利用第一限位部实现了对定位销移动方向的限制，使的定位销2不能沿其轴向脱离定位座1，从而实现了使用该定位销的电池包在轴向的固定。本实施例减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
如图2所示，本实施例中的滑道11具有支撑平台111，支撑平台111用于支撑定位销，第一限位部设于支撑平台111上。本实施例利用支撑平台111实现了对定位销的支撑，使得定位销更加稳固。当然，在其他实施例中，支撑平台111也可以设计为其他形式。
在本实施例中，第一限位部设计为凹陷部13，凹陷部13具有第一限位面131及第二限位面132，第一限位面131与第二限位面132的相交处为凹陷部的最低点。本实施例将凹陷部13设计为第一限位面131及第二限位面132，简化了凹陷部13的结构形式，有利于提高凹陷部13的限位功能。本实施例中，第一限位面131及第二限位面132近似为平 面，两者的交汇处利用圆弧过渡。避免了尖角的出现，有利于提高第一限位部的使用周期。在其他实施例中，第一限位面131及第二限位面132也可以设计为其他形式，比如曲面。当然，第一限位部也可以设计为凸起部，与凹陷部13类似。
作为另一种实施方式，第一限位部的截面还可以为弧形、V形或梯形中的一种。本实施例将第一限位部的截面设计为弧形、V形或梯形中的一种，有利于定位座1实现限位功能，同时也简化了第一限位部的结构形式，提高定位座1的使用周期。
如图4所示，定位座1还包括缓冲部，至少一部分缓冲部位于滑道11内，当定位座1处于定位状态时，缓冲部抵接于定位销的壁面。本实施例利用缓冲部吸收定位销转换至定位状态时的动能，有利于降低定位销对定位座1的冲击，降低定位销定位时的噪音，有利于提高定位销处于定位状态时的稳固性。具体的，本实施例中缓冲部为弹性垫14。在本实施例中，通过采用以上结构，利用弹性垫14作为缓冲部，降低了缓冲部的成本，提高了缓冲部的缓存缓冲效果。弹性垫14的材质可以选为硅胶，当然弹性垫14也可以选择其他材料。缓冲部也可以选择其他形式。
实施例2
如图5及图6所示，本实施例为一种定位销2，定位销2与电池包相连接，定位销2用于与如上定位座1相配合，定位销2设有第二限位部，第二限位部用于与第一限位部相配合，以限制电池包沿定位销2的轴向移动。本实施例利用第二限位部与第一限位部相配合，提高了定位销2处于定位状态时的稳固性，使得定位销2在其轴向方向得以固定，从而实现了使用该定位销2的电池包在轴向的固定。本实施例减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
本实施例中，定位销2包括销座21、销轴22、轴套23及轴挡24。第二限位部即为轴套23。轴套23与滑道11还可以设计为过渡配合。利用与滑道11过渡配合的轴套23，使得定位销2相对于定位座1更加稳固，减少了定位销2的意外移动。
图6中，轴套23套设于销轴22。通过将轴套23套设于定位销2的外侧，使轴套23能够更加充分的与定位座1的第一限位部配合，有利于提高定位销2处于定位状态的稳固性。
本实施例中，轴套23能够相对于销轴22转动。通过将轴套23设计为可以转动，降低了定位销2进入滑道11时的阻力，有利于提高定位销2的使用周期。另外，将轴套23与销轴22设计为可拆卸连接，使得轴套23与销轴22能够分别单独设计、制造，也使二者的性能更加符合各自的使用环境，从而有利于提高定位销2的质量。
图6中，定位销2还包括轴挡24，轴挡24设置在定位销2的端面，轴挡24用于阻止第二限位部沿定位销2的轴向移动。通过利用轴挡24阻止第二限位部沿轴向移动，提高了定位销2的安全系数。
在其他实施例中，第二限位部与定位销2还可以设计为整体结构。通过将第二限位部与定位销2设计为整体结构，简化了定位销2的制造工序，降低了定位销2的成本。
本实施例将第二限位部设计为向外凸起的轴套23，在其他实施例中，还可以将第二限位部设计为其他形式，比如向内凹陷或者波浪形等。
为了进一步提高定位销2的安全系数，还可以将第二限位部为其他形式的凸起部，且第二限位部的数量为多个，多个凸起部沿定位销2的轴向布置，或者多个凸起部沿定位销2的径向布置。本实施例利用凸起部与定位座1的凹陷部13相互卡合，提高了定位销2处于定位状态时的稳固性。同时，在定位销2上设置多个凸起部，使得定位销2更加稳固，不能从定位座1中沿其轴向离开。也避免了单个凸起部失效而引起的定位状态改变的问题，提高了定位销2的安全系数。
实施例3
如图7及图8所示，本实施例为一种定位机构3，用于电池包的定位固定，定位机构3包括实施例1中的定位座1及实施例2中的定位销2，定位销2设置在电池包上，定位机构3用于限制电池包沿定位销2的轴向脱离定位座1。本实施例利用定位座1的第一限位部及定位销2第二限位部相互配合，实现了对定位销2移动方向的限制，使的定位销2不能沿其轴向脱离定位座1，从而实现了使用该定位销2的电池包在轴向的固定。本实施例减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
实施例4
如图9所示，本实施例为一种快换支架组件4，用于安装电池包，快换支架组件4包括快换支架41，快换支架组件4还包括定位机构3的定位座1，定位座1设于快换支架41上。定位座1设置在快换支架41的一个侧面。本实施例利用包括定位座1的快换支架组件4，使得位于快换支架组件4内的电池包不能沿定位销2的轴向脱离快换支架41，从而实现了使用该快换支架组件4的电池包在轴向的固定。本实施例减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
实施例5
本实施例为一种电动汽车，图10所示的为电动汽车的电池包组件5。本实施例的电 动汽车其包括电池包组件5和实施例4中的快换支架组件4。
在本实施例中，通过采用以上结构，利用快换支架组件4，使得该电动汽车的电池包51在定位销2的轴向得以固定。本实施例减少了电池包51的运动方向，降低了电池包51运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包51的寿命，减少电池包51受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包51出现故障的原因。
实施例6
如图11及图12所示，本实施例为一种定位座10，用于电池包的定位固定，定位座10包括定位座本体101，定位座本体101的侧面设有开口12以及自开口12延伸的滑道11，开口12用于供电池包的定位销进入滑道11，定位座10还包括夹紧装置13，夹紧装置13设置在滑道11内，当定位销处于定位点时，夹紧装置13沿竖直方向抵接于定位销。本实施例通过在滑道11内设置夹紧装置13，使得处于定位点的定位销被紧紧的夹住，进而使定位销不能沿竖直方向移动，从而实现了定位销在竖直方向的固定，也实现了使用定位座10的定位机构、快换支架组件及电动汽车的电池包在竖直方向的定位及固定，本实施例减少了电池包的运动，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
作为一种实施方式，夹紧装置13设于滑道11内的定位销的定位点处。本实施例将加紧装置设置在定位点处，使得定位销在定位点更加稳固，降低了定位销在定位点时意外移动的概率。
具体地，夹紧装置13包括摆动体131及固定轴132，固定轴132与定位座本体101连接，摆动体131能够绕固定轴132转动；当定位销处于定位点时，摆动体131抵接于定位销的外壁。本实施例利用摆动体131及固定轴132简化了夹紧装置13的结构，利用摆动体131能够绕固定轴132转动，使得摆动体131更加容易的切换至定位状态，同时也提高了定位销在定位点的稳固性。在其他实施例中，夹紧装置13也可以设计为其他形式。
作为一种实施方式，摆动体131还具有弧面，弧面抵接于定位销的外壁。本实施例利用摆动体131的弧面抵接定位销，提高了定位销在定位点的稳固性。在其他实施例中，也可以将摆动体131设计为其他形式。
为了便于定位销滑入摆动体131，当定位销未进入滑道11时，还可以将摆动体131摆向滑道11的入口。本实施例将摆动体131摆向入口，使得定位销更加容易进入摆动体131，同时也提高了定位销在摆动体131内的稳固性。
作为一种实施方式，夹紧装置13还可以包括弹性件，弹性件设置在定位座本体101 与摆动体131之间，弹性件作用于摆动体131，以使摆动体131未受力时摆动体131的抵接面朝向定位销滑入的方向。本实施例利用弹性件使得摆动摆向定位销滑入的方向，有利于定位销顺利的滑入摆动体131，进而有利于夹紧装置13夹紧定位销。
为了提高弹性件的稳定性，还可以将弹性件的一端插入摆动体131，弹性件的另一端抵接于定位座本体101。本实施例将弹性件插入摆动体131及定位座本体101，提高了弹性件的稳定性，有利于弹性件更换的对摆动体131施加弹力。
在本实施例中，将弹性件设计为弹簧15。本实施例利用弹簧15简化了弹性件的设计形式，提高了弹性件的寿命，降低了定位座10的使用成本。在其他实施例中，弹性件也可以设计为其他形式，当然，也可以选择其他安装位置。
作为一种实施方式，夹紧装置13包括两个夹紧组件130，每个夹紧组件130均包括一个摆动体131及固定轴132，两个夹紧组件130对称设置在滑道11的两侧。本实施例利用对称设置的夹紧组件130，当定位销在定位点时，两组夹紧组件130可以同时夹紧定位销，提高了定位座10的稳固性。在其他实施例中，也可以只设置一组夹紧组件130，同样能够解决相应的技术问题。
本实施例中，如图14及图15所示，当定位销位于定位点时，定位销的中心线与两个固定轴132的中心线共面。本实施例将定位销的中心线与两个固定轴132的中心线设计为共面，当定位销处于定位点时，定位销与两个固定轴132的距离最小，从而使得两个摆动体131更加紧固的夹紧定位销，使得定位销的此时的轴向受力最大，定位销难以离开定位点，提高了定位座10的稳固性。当定位销处于定位点时，还可以将定位销与两个摆动体131设计为过渡配合，本实施例能够进一步使两个摆动体131更加紧固的夹紧定位销，使得定位销的此时的轴向受力更大，定位销更加难以离开定位点，更加稳固的被固定在定位点处。
作为一种实施方式，定位座10还包括缓冲部，至少一部分缓冲部位于滑道11内，当定位销处于定位点时，缓冲部抵接定位销的壁面。本实施例利用缓冲部吸收部分定位销转换至定位状态时的动能，有利于降低定位销对定位座10的冲击，降低定位销定位时的噪音，有利于提高定位销处于定位状态时的稳固性。
具体地，本实施例将缓冲部为弹性垫14。本实施例利用弹性垫14作为缓冲部，降低了缓冲部的成本，提高了缓冲部的缓冲效果。在其他实施例中，缓冲部还可以设计为其他形式。
在本实施例中，如图11及12所示，通过在滑道11的两侧设置夹紧组件130的容纳腔，两侧的容纳腔内分别设置一套夹紧组件130。容纳腔为夹紧组件130提供了容纳空间。 同时，在定位座本体101设置固定轴132的安装孔，使得摆动体131能够在容纳腔内绕固定轴132摆动。当摆动体131向左或向右转动到极限点时，摆动体131的外壁与定位座本体101相接触，从而限制摆动体131继续转动，此时，摆动体131的弧面与滑道11的边缘平齐对接，使得到达对接处的定位销能够平稳的进入或离开摆动体131的弧面。一般情况下，也就是定位销未进入摆动体131的弧面时，摆动体131会在弹簧15的作用下转向定位销滑入的方向。此时摆动体131的弧面与滑道11的边缘平齐。
定位销从开口12进入滑道11，并沿滑道11继续深入。当定位销到达滑道11与摆动体131的弧面的对接处时，由于滑道11与弧面平齐对接，因此，定位销能够平稳的进入摆动体131的弧面内。
当定位销沿弧面继续深入，从弧面的边缘逐渐达到弧面的中间时，定位销的轴线与上、下两侧的固定轴132的轴线的距离逐渐变小，定位销对弧面产生压力逐渐变大，该压力促使摆动体131绕固定轴132转动。
当定位销到达弧面的中间位置时，也就是定位销的轴线与上、下两侧的固定轴132的轴线共面时，同时也是定位销的轴线与上、下两侧的固定轴132的轴线的距离最小时，定位销与摆动体131的弧面处于过渡配合状态，定位销对摆动体131的弧面产生的压力最大。此处位置也就是定位销的定位点。定位销在该定位点受到的固定压力也是最大的，从而上、下两个夹紧组件130实现了对定位销的夹紧固定，使得定位销在竖直方向不能移动。另外，由于固定轴132与摆动体131的弧面不产生相对位移，因此，在该定位点，定位销与摆动体131之间不产生摩擦力，从而在定位点时，夹紧组件130也不会因摩擦力而产生热量，有利于提高本发明的稳定性及寿命。此时，弹性垫14也抵接于定位销。
当定位销继续滑动离开弧面的中间位置时，定位销的轴线与上、下两侧的固定轴132的轴线的距离逐渐变大，定位销对弧面产生压力逐渐变小，同时该压力也摆动体131绕固定轴132转动。
当定位销离开弧面后，摆动体131在弹簧15的作用下转向定位销滑入的方向。此时摆动体131的弧面与滑道11的边缘平齐。
实施例7
如图13-图16所示，本实施例为一种定位机构30，定位机构30包括定位销20及如实施例6中的定位座10，定位销20设置在电池包上，定位销20自开口12进入滑道11。本实施例利用夹紧装置13使得定位销20在竖直方向上被固定，从而实现了使用该定位销20的电池包在竖直方向的固定。本实施例减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于 分析电池包出现故障的原因。
作为一种实施方式，定位销20还可以设计为整体结构，整体结构经加工而成，本实施例的定位销20具有结构简单，有很好的强度和刚性。还可以在定位销20的与夹紧装置13的配合的位置进行热处理，以增加耐磨性，本实施例能够进一步提高定位销20的使用寿命，降低定位机构30的使用成本。
本实施例中，定位销20经滑道11的开口12进入定位座本体101。当定位销20未进入夹紧组件130时，摆动体131在弹簧15的作用下，摆动体131摆向定位销20滑入的方向。当定位销20逐渐从滑道11滑入摆动体131的圆弧面时，在定位销20的压力及弹簧15的弹力的共同作用下，摆动体131开始绕固定轴132滚动；当定位销20到达定位点时，也就是当定位销20到达摆动体131的圆弧面的中间时，此时上、下两个的固定轴132的轴线与定位销20的轴线共面，此时定位销20与两个固定轴132的距离最小，因此，两个摆动体131对定位销20的产生的压力最大，也就是定位销20受到上、下两个夹紧组件130的压力最大，从而使得定位销20在竖直方向被固定。作为一种实施方式的，将定位销20与两个摆动体131设计为过渡配合，能够进一步使两个摆动体131更加紧固的夹紧定位销20，也就是使得定位销20的此时的轴向受力更大，从而定位销20更加难以离开定位点，更加稳固的被固定在定位点处。
本实施例在滑道11的末端还设有弹性垫14，弹性垫14一部分设置在滑道11内，另一部分插入定位座本体101。弹性垫14有利于降低定位销20对定位座10的冲击，降低定位销20定位时的噪音，有利于提高定位销20处于定位状态时的稳固性。
实施例8
如图17所示，本实施例为一种快换支架组件40，其用于安装电池包，快换支架组件40包括快换支架41，快换支架组件40还包括如实施例7中的定位机构30，快换支架41与定位座10连接。本实施例利用包括定位座10的快换支架41，使得位于快换支架组件40内的电池包不能沿高度方向脱离快换支架41，从而实现了使用该快换支架组件40的电池包在高度方向的固定。本实施例减少了电池包的运动方向，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
实施例9
如图18所示，本实施例为一种电动汽车，图中所示的为电动汽车的电池包组件50。电动汽车包括电池包组件50和如实施例8中的快换支架组件40。快换支架组件40中包括实施例6中的定位座10，电池包51中包括定位销20及电池包51，定位销设置在电池 包51的侧面。定位销20与定位座10相互配合，使得该电动汽车的电池包51在高度方向得以固定。本实施例减少了电池包51的运动方向，降低了电池包51运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包51的寿命，减少电池包51受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包51出现故障的原因。
实施例10
如图19-图22所示，本实施例为一种快换支架组件10，用于将电池包安装至电动汽车，快换支架组件10包括快换支架11、锁止机构20和定位机构，锁止机构20及定位机构均设置在快换支架11上，锁止机构20用于将电池包锁止在电动汽车上，并限制电池包沿电动汽车的行驶方向移动；定位机构用于限制电池包在水平面内沿垂直于行驶方向的方向移动和/或限制电池包沿竖直方向移动。本实施例利用在快换支架组件10中设置滑道定位机构30及双摆定位机构40，实现了电池包在滑道销32的轴向及竖直方向的固定，本实施例减少了电池包的运动，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包出现故障的原因。
作为一种实施方式，定位机构还可以包括滑道定位机构30，滑道定位机构30用于限制电池包在水平面内沿垂直于行驶方向的方向移动。
具体地，滑道定位机构30同实施例1-5中的定位机构3，滑道座31同实施例1-5中的定位座1，滑道销32同实施例1-5中的定位销2。第一限位部同实施例1-5中的第一限位面131，第二限位部同实施例1-5中的第二限位面132。
滑道座31的滑道11内设有第一限位部，滑道销32设有第二限位部321，第二限位部用于与第一限位部相配合，以限制电池包沿滑道销32的轴向移动。
本实施例通过将滑道定位机构30设置在快换支架11的左侧面或者右侧面，实现了对电池包沿滑道销32轴向的固定，限制了电池包在水平面内沿垂直于行驶方向的方向移动，也避免了在滑道销32的轴向两侧同时定位从而导致电池包安装复杂，定位精度要求高的问题。
为了简化第一限位部的结构形式，第一限位部可以设计为凸起部或者凹陷部。本实施例将第一限位部设计为凸起部或者凹陷部，有利于滑道座31实现限位功能，同时也简化了第一限位部的结构形式，提高了滑道座31的使用寿命。
作为一种实施方式，第二限位部套设于滑道销32，第二限位部相对于滑道销32可转动。本实施例将第二限位部套设于滑道销32的外侧，使第二限位部能够更加充分地与第一限位部配合，能够提高滑道销32处于定位状态的稳固性。同时，将第二限位部设计为可以转动，降低了滑道销32进入滑道时的阻力，有利于提高滑道销32的使用周期。
作为一种实施方式，定位机构还可以包括双摆定位机构40，双摆定位机构40用于限制电池包沿竖直方向移动。本实施例利用双摆定位机构40实现了电池包在竖直方向移动的限制，简化了快换支架组件10的结构形式，减少了电池包的运动，降低了电池包运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包的寿命，减少电池包受损的概率。
具体的，双摆定位机构40同实施例6-9中的定位机构30，双摆座41同实施例6-9中的定位座10，双摆销42同实施例6-9中的定位销20
作为一种实施方式，双摆定位机构40对称的设置在快换支架11的左侧面、右侧面中的一个侧面或两个侧面。本实施例将双摆定位机构40设置在快换支架11的一个侧面，实现了对电池包竖直方向移动的限制，将双摆定位机构40设置在快换支架11的两个侧面，提高了电池包的稳固性。
实施例11
本实施例为一种电动汽车，其包括电池包组件60和如实施例10中的快换支架组件10。图22为本实施例中的电池包组件60。本实施例利用快换支架组件10，使得该电动汽车的电池包61在电动汽车行驶的方向、竖直方向及沿滑道销32的轴向得以固定。本实施例减少了电池包61的运动方向，降低了电池包61运动状态的复杂性，有利于提高电池包61的寿命，减少电池包61受损的概率。同时，也有利于分析电池包61出现故障的原因。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这些仅是举例说明，在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改。因此，本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求书限定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种定位座，用于电池包的定位固定，所述定位座用于容纳固定电池包的定位销，所述定位座的侧面设有开口以及自所述开口延伸的滑道，所述开口用于供所述定位销进入所述滑道；其特征在于，所述滑道内设有第一限位部，所述第一限位部用于限制所述定位销沿轴向脱离所述定位座。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的定位座，其特征在于，所述滑道具有支撑平台，所述支撑平台用于支撑所述定位销，所述第一限位部设于所述支撑平台上。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的定位座，其特征在于，所述第一限位部的截面为弧形、V形或梯形中的一种。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中至少一项所述的定位座，其特征在于，所述第一限位部为凸起部或者所述第一限位部为凹陷部；
    优选地，所述凸起部具有第一限位面及第二限位面，所述第一限位面与所述第二限位面的相交处为所述凸起部的最高点；
    和/或，所述第一限位面与所述第二限位面为平面或曲面。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中至少一项所述的定位座，其特征在于，所述定位座还包括缓冲部，至少一部分所述缓冲部位于所述滑道内，当所述定位座处于定位状态时，所述缓冲部抵接于所述定位销的壁面；
    优选地，所述缓冲部为弹性垫。
  6. 一种定位座，用于电池包的定位固定，所述定位座包括定位座本体，所述定位座本体的侧面设有开口以及自开口延伸的滑道，所述开口用于供电池包的定位销进入所述滑道，其特征在于，所述定位座还包括夹紧装置，所述夹紧装置设置在所述滑道内，当所述定位销处于定位点时，所述夹紧装置沿竖直方向抵接于所述定位销。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的定位座，其特征在于，所述夹紧装置设于所述滑道内的所述定位销的定位点处。
  8. 如权利要求6或7所述的定位座，其特征在于，所述夹紧装置包括摆动体及固定轴，所述固定轴与所述定位座本体连接，所述摆动体能够绕所述固定轴转动；当所述定位销位于定位点时，所述摆动体抵接于所述定位销的外壁；
    优选地，所述摆动体具有弧面，所述弧面抵接于所述定位销的外壁；
    和/或，当所述定位销未进入所述滑道时，所述摆动体摆向所述滑道的入口；
    和/或，所述夹紧装置包括两个夹紧组件，每个所述夹紧组件均包括一个所述摆动体 及所述固定轴，两个所述夹紧组件对称设置在所述滑道的两侧；
    优选地，当所述定位销位于定位点时，所述定位销的中心线与两个所述固定轴的中心线共面；
    优选地，所述夹紧装置还包括弹性件，所述弹性件设置在所述定位座本体与所述摆动体之间，所述弹性件作用于所述摆动体，以使所述摆动体未受力时所述摆动体的抵接面朝向所述定位销滑入的方向；
    优选地，所述弹性件的一端插入所述摆动体，所述弹性件的另一端抵接于所述定位座本体；
    和/或，所述弹性件为弹簧。
  9. 如权利要求6-8中至少一项所述的定位座，其特征在于，所述定位座还包括缓冲部，至少一部分所述缓冲部位于所述滑道内，当所述定位销处于定位点时，所述缓冲部抵接所述定位销的壁面；
    优选地，所述缓冲部为弹性垫。
  10. 一种定位销，所述定位销与电池包相连接，其特征在于，所述定位销用于与权利要求1-5中至少一项所述定位座相配合，所述定位销设有第二限位部，所述第二限位部用于与所述第一限位部相配合，以限制所述电池包沿所述定位销的轴向移动；
  11. 如权利要求10所述的定位销，其特征在于，所述第一限位部为凹陷部，所述第二限位部为凸起部，且所述第二限位部的数量为多个，多个所述凸起部沿所述定位销的轴向布置，或者多个所述凸起部沿所述定位销的径向布置。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的定位销，其特征在于，所述第二限位部与所述定位销为一整体结构；
    或，所述第二限位部与所述定位销为可拆卸连接；
    优选地，所述第二限位部套设于所述定位销；
    优选地，所述第二限位部相对于所述定位销可转动；
    和/或，所述定位销还包括轴挡，所述轴挡设置在所述定位销的端面，所述轴挡用于阻止所述第二限位部沿所述定位销的轴向移动；
    和/或，所述第二限位部为轴套，所述轴套与所述滑道过渡配合。
  13. 一种定位机构，用于电池包的定位固定，其特征在于，所述定位机构包括如权利要求1-5中至少一项所述的定位座及如权利要求10-12中至少一项所述的定位销，所述定位销设置在电池包上，所述定位机构用于限制所述电池包沿所述定位销的轴向脱离所述定位座；
    或者，所述定位机构包括定位销及如权利要求6-9中至少一项所述的定位座，所述定位销设置在电池包上，所述定位销自所述开口进入所述滑道。
  14. 一种快换支架组件，用于安装电池包，所述快换支架组件包括快换支架，其特征在于，所述快换支架组件还包括如权利要求13所述的定位机构，所述定位座设于所述快换支架上。
  15. 一种快换支架组件，用于将电池包安装至电动汽车，所述快换支架组件包括快换支架、锁止机构和定位机构，所述锁止机构及所述定位机构均设置在所述快换支架上，其特征在于，所述锁止机构用于将所述电池包锁止在电动汽车上，并限制所述电池包沿电动汽车的行驶方向移动；所述定位机构用于限制所述电池包在水平面内沿垂直于所述行驶方向的方向移动和/或限制所述电池包沿竖直方向移动。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述定位机构包括滑道定位机构，所述滑道定位机构用于限制所述电池包在水平面内沿垂直于所述行驶方向的方向移动。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述滑道定位机构包括滑道座，所述滑道座与所述快换支架相连接，用于与所述电池包上的滑道销配合；
    所述滑道座的侧面设有开口以及自所述开口延伸的滑道，所述开口用于供所述滑道销进入所述滑道；
    所述滑道座的所述滑道内设有第一限位部，所述滑道销设有第二限位部，所述第二限位部用于与所述第一限位部相配合，以限制所述电池包沿所述滑道销的轴向移动；
    优选地，所述滑道座设置在所述快换支架的左侧面或者右侧面；
    和/或，所述第一限位部为凸起部或者所述第一限位部为凹陷部；
    和/或，所述第一限位部为凹陷部，所述第二限位部为凸起部，且所述第二限位部的数量为多个，多个所述凸起部沿所述滑道销的轴向布置，或者多个所述凸起部沿所述滑道销的径向布置。
  18. 如权利要求15-17中至少一项所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述定位机构包括双摆定位机构，所述双摆定位机构用于限制所述电池包沿竖直方向移动；
    优选地，所述双摆定位机构对称的设置在所述快换支架的左侧面、右侧面中的一个侧面或两个侧面；
    和/或，所述双摆定位机构包括双摆座及双摆销，所述双摆座与所述快换支架相连接，所述双摆销均与所述电池包相连接；
    所述双摆座的侧面设有开口以及自所述开口延伸的滑道，所述开口用于供所述双摆 销进入所述滑道；
    所述双摆座还包括夹紧装置，所述夹紧装置设置在所述滑道内，当所述双摆销处于定位点时，所述夹紧装置沿竖直方向抵接于所述双摆销，以限制所述电池包沿竖直方向移动。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述夹紧装置设于所述滑道内的所述双摆销的定位点处，所述夹紧装置包括摆动体及固定轴，所述固定轴与所述双摆座的本体连接，所述摆动体能够绕所述固定轴转动；当所述双摆销处于定位点时，所述摆动体抵接于所述双摆销的外壁；
    优选地，所述夹紧装置包括两个夹紧组件，每个所述夹紧组件均包括一个所述摆动体及所述固定轴，两个所述夹紧组件对称设置在所述滑道的两侧；
    优选地，当所述双摆销位于定位点时，所述双摆销的中心线与两个所述固定轴的中心线共面；
    和/或，所述夹紧装置还包括弹性件，所述弹性件设置在所述双摆座本体与所述摆动体之间，所述弹性件作用于所述摆动体，以使所述摆动体未受力时所述摆动体的抵接面朝向所述双摆销滑入的方向，所述弹性件的一端插入所述摆动体，所述弹性件的另一端抵接于所述双摆座本体。
  20. 一种电动汽车，其特征在于，其包括电池包和如权利要求14-19中至少一项所述的快换支架组件。
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CN113097632A (zh) * 2021-03-29 2021-07-09 徐州储盈电子科技有限公司 一种便于安装的锂电池
CN113696706A (zh) * 2021-08-27 2021-11-26 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 一种液冷电池包快换机构
CN114188653A (zh) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-15 金茂智慧交通科技(天津)有限公司 一种定位导向锁止装置
CN114188653B (zh) * 2021-11-12 2023-12-05 金茂智慧交通科技(天津)有限公司 一种定位导向锁止装置
CN114932519A (zh) * 2022-06-22 2022-08-23 东风汽车股份有限公司 一种复合型定位销及治具
CN115465075A (zh) * 2022-11-03 2022-12-13 康普斯顿(江苏)技术有限公司 一种商用车侧向可换电电池箱系统

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