WO2020259172A1 - 电池模组及装置 - Google Patents

电池模组及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020259172A1
WO2020259172A1 PCT/CN2020/092178 CN2020092178W WO2020259172A1 WO 2020259172 A1 WO2020259172 A1 WO 2020259172A1 CN 2020092178 W CN2020092178 W CN 2020092178W WO 2020259172 A1 WO2020259172 A1 WO 2020259172A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermistor
top cover
battery module
pressing member
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/092178
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹根
陈思杭
姚己华
黄小腾
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PL20823714.9T priority Critical patent/PL3799191T3/pl
Priority to EP20823714.9A priority patent/EP3799191B1/en
Priority to US17/130,695 priority patent/US20210111442A1/en
Publication of WO2020259172A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020259172A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0481—Compression means other than compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/284—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/298—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the wiring of battery packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/505—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising a single busbar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/519—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising printed circuit boards [PCB]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery module and device.
  • the normal operating temperature of the battery module is between -30°C and 55°C. If the temperature exceeds the limit temperature, the battery module will limit the discharge power to realize the safety protection of the battery module.
  • the battery module adopts the following method to collect temperature: the temperature on the connecting piece is collected through the thermistor provided on the flexible circuit board, and the temperature of the connecting piece is used as the temperature inside the battery. In actual situations, the temperature on the connection chip is higher, while the temperature inside the battery is lower. If the difference between the two is large, the battery module will limit the power in advance, which will affect the performance of the battery module.
  • the width and thickness of the connecting sheet cannot be large.
  • the temperature of the connecting piece is close to the temperature inside the battery.
  • the temperature of the connecting piece is much higher than the temperature inside the battery.
  • the temperature of the connecting piece will rise sharply, while the temperature inside the battery rises slowly. The temperature difference between the two is huge, which will cause the battery module to advance Limit power, thereby affecting the discharge power of the battery module. Therefore, how to detect the temperature inside the battery is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the industry.
  • This application proposes a battery module and device to optimize the structure of the battery module.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes a battery module, including:
  • the battery includes a top cover; a wire harness board arranged on the outer side of the top of the top cover; a circuit board arranged on the side of the wire harness board away from the battery; a pressing member installed on the wire harness board;
  • the component includes a thermistor, the thermistor is electrically connected to the circuit board; the pressing member presses the thermistor, so that the thermistor is pressed against the top cover.
  • the temperature collection component further includes: a thermally conductive pad disposed between the thermistor and the top cover.
  • the thermistor is electrically connected to the circuit board through a wire, and the thermal pad is pressed to the top cover by the pressing member.
  • the thermistor is fixed to the circuit board to realize electrical connection between the thermistor and the circuit board; the pressing member presses the circuit board, and the circuit board holds the The thermal pad is pressed to the top cover.
  • the pressing member is provided with an installation groove, and the thermistor is arranged in the installation groove.
  • the depth of the installation groove is greater than the thickness of the thermistor, and the thermistor is located inside the installation groove.
  • the mounting groove penetrates the pressing member along the thickness direction of the pressing member.
  • the thermistor is bonded to the inner wall of the installation groove by glue.
  • the wire harness board is provided with a through hole, and the thermal pad is installed in the through hole.
  • the side of the wire harness plate facing the top cover is provided with an elastic structure, and the elastic structure abuts against the top cover.
  • the elastic structure includes:
  • an elastic piece one end of the elastic piece is fixedly connected to the wire harness plate; the other end of the elastic piece protrudes toward the top cover; or,
  • Both ends of the elastic piece are fixedly connected to the wire harness plate, and the middle portion of the elastic piece protrudes toward the top cover; or, the middle portion of the elastic piece is fixedly connected to the wire harness plate, and both ends of the elastic piece face the The top cover protrudes.
  • the wire harness plate includes an abutment portion, the abutment portion is provided with a protrusion, and the battery includes an electrode terminal provided on the top cover;
  • the battery module further includes a connecting piece, the connecting piece is fixedly connected to the electrode terminal; the connecting piece abuts the protrusion.
  • a positioning structure is provided between the pressing member and the wire harness plate, and the positioning structure is configured to position the pressing member.
  • the positioning structure includes: a positioning post provided on the wire harness plate; and a positioning hole provided on the pressing member, the positioning post passes through the positioning hole and is connected to the positioning hole fixed.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a device, including the battery module in the foregoing embodiment, and the battery module is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the thermistor of the temperature collection component is pressed to the top cover of the battery by the pressing member installed on the wiring harness board, and the temperature of the top cover is collected by the thermistor.
  • the temperature of the top cover is more consistent with the temperature inside the battery, and the top cover can reflect the change and height of the internal temperature of the battery in time. If the internal temperature of the battery increases, the temperature of the top cover increases in time; if the internal temperature of the battery decreases, the temperature of the top cover decreases in time. The temperature of the top cover changes in time as the temperature inside the battery changes.
  • the thermistor of the temperature collection component is pressed against the top cover of the battery, and heat is transferred through the top cover to realize temperature collection.
  • the temperature collection component transmits the collected temperature to the circuit board and other components for subsequent analysis, processing and judgment. It can be seen from the above temperature transmission path that the battery module provided by the above technical solution uses the top cover of the battery as the starting point for temperature collection when collecting the internal temperature of the battery. The entire temperature collection and transmission path is short and the temperature response speed is fast.
  • the structure and performance of the battery module also optimize the performance of the vehicle equipment using the battery module and increase the reliability of the vehicle equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a battery of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the installation position of the pressing member of the battery module provided by the embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the battery module provided by the embodiment of the application when the temperature collection component is installed;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the structure of the battery module provided by the embodiment of the application when the temperature collection component is installed;
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the installation position A-A of the temperature collection component of the battery module provided by the embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the wiring harness board, the circuit board and the pressing member of the battery module provided by the embodiment of the application;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of B in Fig. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the side where the elastic structure of the wiring harness plate of the battery module provided by the embodiment of the application is provided;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the side where the elastic structure of the wiring harness plate of the battery module provided by the embodiment of the application is provided;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic front view of the structure after the connecting piece is installed on the wiring harness plate;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of the temperature collection component in the installed state
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional structure of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery module, which includes a battery 1, a wiring harness board 2, a circuit board 3, a pressing member 4 and a temperature collection assembly 5.
  • the battery 1 includes a top cover 11.
  • the wire harness plate 2 is provided outside the top of the top cover 11.
  • the circuit board 3 is arranged on the side of the harness board 2 away from the battery 1.
  • the pressing member 4 is installed on the wiring harness board 2.
  • the temperature collection component 5 includes a thermistor 51, and the thermistor 51 is electrically connected to the circuit board 3.
  • the pressing member 4 presses the thermistor 51 of the temperature collection assembly 5 so that the thermistor 51 and the top cover 11 are pressed tightly.
  • the optional structure of the battery 1 is as follows: the battery 1 includes a casing 10, an electrode assembly (not shown in the figure) disposed inside the casing 10, a top cover 11 disposed on the top of the electrode assembly, and a top cover 11 disposed on the top cover 11.
  • the electrode terminal 12 and the top patch 13 arranged on the top of the top cover 11.
  • the top patch 13 is attached to the top of the top cover 11.
  • the top patch 13 is provided with an explosion-proof hole 14, and an explosion-proof valve 15 is installed in the explosion-proof hole 14.
  • the top patch 13 is also provided with two electrode terminal through holes 131, and each electrode terminal through hole 131 is installed with an electrode terminal 12.
  • the electrode terminal 12 includes a positive electrode terminal 121 and a negative electrode terminal 122, that is, one of the electrode terminal through holes 131 is installed with the positive electrode terminal 121, and the other electrode terminal through hole 131 is installed with the negative electrode terminal 122.
  • the material of the top patch 13 is, for example, an insulating material.
  • the top patch 13 is sheet-shaped, and its size matches the size of the top surface of the top cover 11.
  • the structure and size of the top patch 13 just completely cover the top surface of the top cover 11; or, the size of the top patch 13 is slightly larger than the size of the top surface of the top cover 11, so that the top patch 13 has sufficient size to form a bend Rim, to cover the top cover 11.
  • the top patch 13 functions as an insulation to prevent the top cover 11 from short-circuiting with external circuits.
  • the top patch 13 also functions to protect the top cover 11 and prevent the top cover 11 from being scratched.
  • the battery 1 is divided into a laminated battery and a wound battery.
  • the laminated battery is to cut the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece and the separator into a predetermined size, and then stack the positive pole piece, the separator and the negative pole piece to form a battery.
  • the wound battery is formed by winding the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece and the separator.
  • the top patch 13 is provided with an opening A, so that a part of the area exposed on the top cover 11 is used as a temperature sampling location.
  • the opening A is, for example, opened at any position of the top patch 13, but the temperature of the entire surface of the top cover 11 is not completely consistent.
  • the opening A is provided adjacent to the negative electrode terminal 122, for example.
  • the temperature on the top cover 11 of the battery 1 near the negative electrode terminal 122 is closer to the real temperature inside the battery 1, and the temperature difference between the two under severe working conditions is within an acceptable 5°C.
  • the temperature collection component 5 is installed at the above opening A, so that the temperature collected by the temperature collection component 5 is also less different from the internal temperature of the battery 1.
  • the temperature collected by the temperature collection component 5 more accurately reflects the temperature inside the battery 1 . This also enables the subsequent circuit board 3 to perform analysis and processing based on the temperature data collected by the temperature collection component 5, and the obtained data is more accurate and the control is more precise, which effectively reduces the occurrence of the battery module limiting the discharge power in advance.
  • the circuit board 3 may adopt a flexible printed circuit board (Flexible Printed Circuit Board, FPC for short), or a printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB for short), for example.
  • PCB board has higher rigidity and hardness; FPC board has higher flexibility and lower hardness.
  • the circuit board 3 is, for example, a long strip, and the circuit board 3 is located in the middle area of the wiring harness board 2.
  • the pressing member 4 has multiple implementation modes, such as a flat plate structure and fasteners, such as glue, rivets, bolts, and so on.
  • the pressing member 4 adopts a structure with an inner concave portion, and the inner concave portion is used for installing and positioning the thermistor 51.
  • the inner concave portion is, for example, a groove, a through hole, or other structures. The specific implementation of the pressing member 4 will be described in detail later in conjunction with other combinations.
  • the temperature collection component 5 includes a thermistor 51.
  • the thermistor 51 may be a patch type NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient, negative temperature coefficient) temperature sensor, or a water droplet type NTC temperature sensor.
  • the temperature collection assembly 5 further includes a thermal pad 52.
  • the thermal pad 52 is disposed between the thermistor 51 and the top cover 11.
  • the thermal pad 52 has high thermal conductivity and good compressibility.
  • the use of the thermal pad 52 with the above structure not only improves the heat transfer efficiency, but also can withstand the expansion and deformation of the battery 1 in the battery module during the charging and discharging process and the compression during shock and vibration.
  • the structure and installation position relationship of the thermistor 51 and the thermal pad 52 of the temperature collection assembly 5 are described in detail below.
  • the thermistor 51 uses a water droplet type NTC temperature sensor.
  • the drop-head NTC temperature sensor includes a head and a wire connected to the head.
  • the head is in the shape of a drop, so it can also be called a drop-head or end.
  • the head of the drop-head NTC temperature sensor can directly abut the thermally conductive pad 52, or a film structure that hardly affects temperature transmission is sandwiched between the two. Because the thermal pad 52 is pressed against the top cover 11 of the battery 1 by the pressing member 4.
  • the pressing member 4 directly presses the heat-conducting pad 52; or the pressing member 4 presses other parts to realize the pressing of the heat-conducting pad 52.
  • the thermistor 51 can accurately collect the temperature of the top cover 11 of the battery 1.
  • the thermistor 51 uses a patch type NTC temperature sensor.
  • the patch type NTC temperature sensor includes a head and a wire connected to the head.
  • the head is roughly a rectangular parallelepiped structure, see Figure 4, Figure 5 and Shown in Figure 6.
  • the head of the patch type NTC temperature sensor is in direct contact with the thermal pad 52 or through a film structure that hardly affects temperature transmission.
  • the thermal pad 52 is pressed against the top cover 11 by the pressing member 4.
  • the pressing member 4 directly presses the heat-conducting pad 52; or the pressing member 4 presses other parts to realize the pressing of the heat-conducting pad 52.
  • the thermistor 51 can accurately collect the temperature of the top cover 11.
  • the temperature transmission path is: the temperature of the top cover 11 is transferred to the thermal pad 52, and the temperature of the thermal pad 52 is transferred to the thermistor 51.
  • the thermistor 51 transmits the collected temperature signal to the circuit board 3 for analysis and processing, so as to control the discharge power of the battery module.
  • the thermistor 51 collects the temperature at the top cover 11 of the battery 1.
  • the temperature of the top cover 11 is relatively consistent with the temperature inside the battery 1, and the top cover 11 can reflect the change and height of the internal temperature of the battery 1 in time.
  • the above-mentioned temperature transmission path is short, and the thermistor 51 has a fast response speed for temperature collection.
  • the first connection method of the thermistor 51 is: in some embodiments, the thermistor 51 is electrically connected to the circuit board 3 through a wire (not shown in the figure).
  • the thermal pad 52 is pressed to the top cover 11 by the pressing member 4, so that the thermal pad 52 and the top cover 11 are kept in close contact.
  • the thermistor 51 is in contact with the side of the thermal pad 52 away from the top cover 11, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 12.
  • the length of the wire is related to the installation position of the thermistor 51 and the position where the wire is electrically connected to the circuit board 3. Specifically, the wire is electrically connected to the circuit board 3 in the following manner: a plug is electrically connected to the end of the wire away from the thermistor 51, and the circuit board 3 is fixedly provided with a socket. The plug and the socket are connected to realize the electrical connection between the wire and the circuit board 3.
  • the relative matching relationship of the components is as follows: the thermal pad 52 is placed on the top surface of the top cover 11, and the pressing member 4 fixedly connected to the wiring harness plate 2 presses the thermal pad 52.
  • the pressing member 4 has a structure that limits the thermistor 51, such as a mounting groove 41 described later, see FIG. 12. After the thermistor 51 is installed in the installation slot 41, glue is applied to fix the thermistor 51 to the side wall of the installation slot 41.
  • the thermistor 51 and the thermal pad 52 are in direct contact, for example, the thermistor 51 and the thermal pad 52 are separated by a thin film of the circuit board 3. Because the film thickness is very small, it will hardly affect the temperature transfer process.
  • the temperature collection path of the battery module is as follows: the temperature at the top cover 11 is transferred to the thermal pad 52, then transferred to the thermistor 51, and then transferred to the circuit board 3 through the wire connected to the thermistor 51 to Complete the analysis and processing of temperature data.
  • the above-mentioned temperature collection path is very short, the temperature collection of the thermistor 51 is fast, the temperature transmission is accurate, and the temperature collected by the thermistor 51 can change in time with the change of the internal temperature of the battery 1.
  • the pressing member 4 is provided with a mounting groove 41, and the thermistor 51 is disposed in the mounting groove 41.
  • the installation groove 41 is, for example, through, or the installation groove 41 is a counter groove.
  • the shape of the mounting groove 41 is the same as or different from the shape of the end of the thermistor 51, but the size of the mounting groove 41 needs to meet the requirements for the end of the thermistor 51, so that all the ends of the thermistor 51 can be installed. Inside the slot 41.
  • the shape of the mounting groove 41 is, for example, round, square or other irregular shapes.
  • the thermistor 51 is located inside the mounting groove 41 of the pressing member 4. After the thermal pad 52 is compressed, the reaction force acts on the pressing member 4, so that the thermistor 51 is not stressed, so it effectively prevents the thermistor 51 from being affected by The force causes the function to fail.
  • a limit protection structure is provided inside the installation slot 41, so that after the thermistor 51 is installed inside the installation slot 41, the position is relatively fixed, and during the use of the battery module, the thermistor 51 does not appear loose or shifted. Occurs, so that the temperature collection operation of the thermistor 51 is accurately performed.
  • the thermistor 51 can be positioned in the mounting groove 41 in other ways.
  • the thermistor 51 and the thermal pad 52 are installed in place first, and then glue is dispensed in the installation groove 41 to fix the thermistor 51 and the inner wall of the installation groove 41.
  • glue can increase the reliability of the fixed connection between the thermistor 51 and the inner wall of the mounting slot 41, and realize the waterproof performance of the thermistor 51, and prevent water droplets from damaging the thermistor 51.
  • the thermistor 51 is located inside the installation groove 41, the inner wall of the installation groove 41 restricts the flow area of the glue to prevent glue overflow.
  • the glue can be thermally conductive glue.
  • the mounting groove 41 penetrates the pressing member 4 along the thickness direction H of the pressing member 4, that is, the mounting groove 41 is through, and the through structure can further prevent the pressing member 4.
  • the applied pressure damages the thermistor 51 and ensures that the thermistor 51 can work normally.
  • the depth H1 of the mounting groove 41 is greater than the thickness H2 of the thermistor 51.
  • the mounting groove 41 of the pressing member 4 surrounds the thermistor 51, and the thermistor 51 is completely located inside the mounting groove 41, which ensures that the reaction force acts on the pressing member 4 after the thermal pad 52 is pressed, and the thermistor 51 does not Therefore, the thermistor 51 is prevented from being forced to cause function failure.
  • the pressing member 4 makes the area around the thermistor 51 flat and non-bending, so that the installation surface of the thermistor 51 is flat, and the contact area during installation is large, thereby ensuring reliable installation of the thermistor 51.
  • the installation groove 41 plays a role of avoiding and protecting the thermistor 51, prevents the thermistor 51 from being damaged by the pressure exerted by the pressing member 4, and ensures the temperature collection function of the thermistor 51.
  • the second setting method of the thermistor 51 is: the thermistor 51 is fixed to the circuit board 3 to realize the electrical connection between the thermistor 51 and the circuit board 3.
  • the pressing member 4 presses the circuit board 3, and the circuit board 3 presses the thermal pad 52 to the top cover 11.
  • the difference between the second setting method of the thermistor 51 and the first setting method is that in the second setting method, the thermistor 51 is directly fixed to the circuit board 3, and the thermistor 51 is electrically connected to the circuit board 3.
  • the length of the connected wire is almost negligible.
  • the thermistor 51 and the circuit board 3 are equivalent to forming a whole. Specifically, the thermistor 51 is directly soldered to the pad of the circuit board 3 and is electrically connected to the temperature sampling circuit inside the circuit board 3.
  • the wire harness board 2 is disposed on the outer side of the top cover 11, and the circuit board 3 is disposed on the side of the wire harness board 2 away from the top cover 11. If the thermistor 51 and the thermal pad 52 are arranged on the same side of the circuit board 3, the thermistor 51 and the thermal pad 52 are in direct contact. If the thermistor 51 and the thermal conductive pad 52 are arranged on different sides of the circuit board 3, the insulating film of the circuit board 3 is sandwiched between the thermistor 51 and the thermal conductive pad 52. The thickness of the insulating film is very thin and hardly affects the heat transfer of the top cover 11.
  • the wiring harness board 2 is provided with holes for avoiding (ie through holes 23 described later, see FIG. 12 ), so that the thermal pad 52 can directly contact the top cover 11.
  • the pressing member 4 compresses the thermally conductive pad 52 by pressing the circuit board 3 so that the thermally conductive pad 52 and the top cover 11 are tightly connected, and the thermally conductive pad 52 and the top cover 11 are kept in contact with each other, so that the subsequent thermistor 51 can be accurately realized Temperature collection.
  • the temperature collection path of the battery module is as follows: the temperature at the top cover 11 is transferred to the thermal pad 52, then transferred to the thermistor 51, and then directly transferred to the circuit board 3 to complete the temperature data analysis, deal with.
  • the temperature collection path described above is shorter, the temperature collection of the thermistor 51 is faster, and the temperature transmission is more accurate.
  • the wire harness board 2 can be provided with holes for avoiding, so as to realize the installation and normal operation of the temperature collection components.
  • the following describes the specific avoidance structure of the harness plate 2.
  • the wire harness board 2 is provided with a through hole 23 through which the thermal pad 52 passes.
  • One side of the thermal pad 52 is attached to the pressing member 4 or the circuit board 3, and the other side of the thermal pad 52 is attached to the top cover 11.
  • the wiring harness board 2 is provided with a square hole as a through hole 23.
  • the thermal pad 52 is attached to the pressing member 4 or the surface of the circuit board 3 near the top cover 11 on.
  • the side wall of the square hole of the wire harness board 2 is used as a pre-position when the thermal pad 52 is pasted. The above-mentioned structure prevents the thermal pad 52 from displacing under severe working conditions.
  • the wiring harness plate 2 faces the top
  • An elastic structure 21 is provided on one side of the cover 11, and the elastic structure 21 abuts against the top cover 11 of the battery 1.
  • the elastic structure 21 is provided to make the installation of the temperature collection component 5 more stable, and the stability and long-term reliability of the temperature collection component 5 can be improved. Under various shock or vibration conditions, the pressure between the temperature collection component 5 and the top cover 11 can be increased. reliability.
  • the elastic structure 21 includes an elastic piece 210, one end of the elastic piece 210 is fixedly connected to the wiring harness board 2, specifically, such as plug connection, clamping connection, fastener connection or integral molding.
  • the other end of the elastic piece 210 protrudes toward the outside of the wire harness plate 2.
  • the elastic piece 210 is roughly, for example, a structure in which the other end is bent and raised. After the elastic sheet 210 is installed in place, the wire harness plate 2 is pressed against the top cover 11 of the battery 1 by the force generated by the deformation of the raised end.
  • the elastic piece 210 may also adopt the following structure: two ends of the elastic piece 210 are fixedly connected to the wire harness plate 2, and the middle part of the elastic piece 210 protrudes toward the top cover 11. After the elastic piece 210 is installed in place, the middle portion of the elastic piece 210 is deformed, and the force generated by the deformation of the middle portion of the elastic piece 210 causes the wiring harness plate 2 to be pressed against the top cover 11 of the battery 1.
  • the elastic piece 210 may also adopt the following structure: the middle part of the elastic piece 210 is fixedly connected to the wire harness plate 2, and both ends of the elastic piece 210 protrude toward the top cover 11.
  • the shrapnel 210 is arc-shaped or other curved shapes. After the elastic sheet 210 is installed in place, the two ends of the elastic sheet 210 are deformed, and the force generated by the deformation of the two ends of the elastic sheet 210 causes the wiring harness plate 2 to be pressed against the top cover 11 of the battery 1.
  • the elastic structure 21 is tightly fitted with the top cover 11 to ensure that the wiring harness plate 2 is attached to the top cover 11 of the battery 1 after the connecting piece 7 described later is welded.
  • the harness plate 2 includes an abutting portion 22, and the abutting portion 22 is provided with a protrusion 25.
  • the battery 1 includes an electrode terminal 12 provided on the top cover 11.
  • the battery module further includes a connecting piece 7 which is fixedly connected to the electrode terminal 12. The connecting piece 7 abuts against the protrusion 25.
  • the connecting piece 7 and the electrode terminal 12 of the battery 1 are fixed by welding, the installation space between the two is relatively determined.
  • the protrusion 25 provided on the abutting portion 22 of the harness plate 2 makes the harness plate 2 and the connecting piece 7 The contact is closer, the structure of the entire battery module is more stable and reliable, and the ability of the battery module to resist shock and vibration is enhanced.
  • the protrusions 25 are strip-shaped and are arranged in a row on the abutting portion 22.
  • the shape and size of each protrusion 25 are, for example, completely the same or different.
  • the protrusions 25 provided on the abutting portion 22 are interference fit with the connecting piece 7 to ensure that after the connecting piece 7 and the electrode terminal 12 are welded, the wire harness plate 2 is attached to the top cover 11 of the battery 1.
  • the pressing member 4 is installed on the wiring harness board 2, and the specific connection structure between the two is described in detail below.
  • a positioning structure is provided between the pressing member 4 and the harness plate 2, and the positioning structure is configured to position the pressing member 4.
  • the positioning structure is set to make the installation and positioning between the pressing member 4 and the wiring harness plate 2 more accurate, and the installation position of the thermistor 51 is more accurate, so the accuracy of the temperature collection position of the battery module is also ensured, so that the collected The top cover 11 is accurate.
  • the positioning structure includes a positioning post 24 provided on the wire harness plate 2 and a positioning hole 42 provided on the pressing member 4.
  • the positioning pillar 24 passes through the positioning hole 42 and is fixed to the positioning hole 42.
  • the positioning pillar 24 is fixed in the positioning hole 42 by, for example, hot riveting.
  • the positioning structure may also adopt a snap fit structure, for example, a hook is provided on the wire harness plate 2, and the hook is snap-fitted with the pressing member 4, so that the pressing member 4 and the wire harness plate 2 are reliably fixed.
  • a snap fit structure for example, a hook is provided on the wire harness plate 2, and the hook is snap-fitted with the pressing member 4, so that the pressing member 4 and the wire harness plate 2 are reliably fixed.
  • a clamping hole may also be provided on the pressing member 4, and the hook and the clamping hole can reliably fix the pressing member 4 and the harness plate 2 through a clamping fit.
  • the positioning structure can also adopt a tooth-like matching structure.
  • the positioning structure adopts the above-mentioned implementation method, so that the installation position of the wiring harness plate 2 is more accurate, and the installation operation is more rapid and accurate.
  • the temperature collection assembly 5 is assembled on the semi-finished product of the battery module, the connecting piece 7 is welded to the electrode terminal 12 of the battery 1, and the height difference between the connecting piece 7 and the top cover 11 is limited.
  • the wire harness board 2 has a certain number of protrusions 25 under the connecting piece 7, and the bottom of the wire harness board 2 has an elastic structure 21 protruding downward. The distance between the elastic structure 21 and the protrusion 25 is greater than the distance between the connecting piece 7 and the top cover 11 after welding, so it is ensured that after the connecting piece 7 and the electrode terminal 12 are welded, the connecting piece 7 presses the wiring harness plate 2 into close contact. To the top cover 11 of the battery 1.
  • the gap value between the pressing member 4 and the top cover 11 is limited.
  • make the thermal conductive pad 52 and the top cover 11 of the battery 1 form an interference fit, and the thermal conductive pad 52 is kept in close contact with the top cover 11, thereby realizing the following temperature collection path: top cover 11 ⁇ thermal pad 52 ⁇ thermistor 51 ⁇ Circuit board 3, short temperature collection path, accurate temperature collection and fast response.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a device including the battery module described above, and the battery module is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the device may be a vehicle or an energy storage device.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种电池模组及装置，涉及电池技术领域，用以优化电池模组的结构。电池模组包括电池、线束板、电路板、压紧件以及采温组件。电池包括顶盖。线束板设于顶盖的顶部外侧。电路板设于线束板远离电池的一侧。压紧件安装于线束板。采温组件包括热敏电阻，热敏电阻与电路板电连接。压紧件压紧采温组件的热敏电阻，以使得热敏电阻与顶盖压紧。上述技术方案提供的电池模组，采温组件采集电池顶盖的温度，温度传递路径短，温度传递响应快且温度损失小、测量准确。

Description

电池模组及装置
本申请要求于2019年06月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910574459.5、申请名称为“电池模组”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体涉及一种电池模组及装置。
背景技术
电池模组的正常工作温度在-30℃～55℃之间，如果超过该极限温度，电池模组会限制放电功率以实现电池模组的安全防护。
相关技术中，电池模组采用下述方式采温：通过柔性电路板上设置的热敏电阻采集连接片上的温度，用连接片的温度作为电池内部的温度。实际情况中，连接片上温度较高，而电池内部的温度较低，如果两者差值较大，电池模组会提前限制功率，这会影响电池模组效能的发挥。
目前行业内的整车厂家都朝着轿跑车型方向开发，并且传统改装电动车也要体现电动车加速快的优势和特点，所以急加速工况需求将会越来越普遍，那么对电池模组的功率要求会越来越高。
发明人发现，现有技术中至少存在下述问题：由于电池模组内部空间尺寸的限制，并且考虑到制造及成本的影响，连接片的宽度和厚度不能做到很大。在较低工况下，如1C放电，连接片温度与电池内部的温度接近。但是，如果采用更高的放电倍率，连接片的温度远远高于电池内部的温度。在高功率的工况下，因连接片过流面积的限制，连接片的温度会急剧上升，而电池内部的温度上升则较慢，两者的温度差值巨大，这会导致电池模组提前限制功率，从而影响了电池模组的放电功率。所以，如何探测电池内部的温度是目前业内迫在眉睫需要解决的技术难题。
发明内容
本申请提出一种电池模组及装置，用以优化电池模组的结构。
本申请实施例提出了一种电池模组，包括：
电池，包括顶盖；线束板，设于所述顶盖的顶部外侧；电路板，设于所述线束板远离所述电池的一侧；压紧件，安装于所述线束板；以及采温组件，包括热敏电阻，所述热敏电阻电连接于所述电路板；所述压紧件压紧所述热敏电阻，以使所述热敏电阻与所述顶盖压紧。
在一些实施例中，所述采温组件还包括：导热垫，设置于所述热敏电阻和所述顶盖之间。
在一些实施例中，所述热敏电阻通过导线与所述电路板电连接，所述导热垫被所述压紧件压紧至所述顶盖。
在一些实施例中，所述热敏电阻固定于所述电路板以实现所述热敏电阻与所述电路板电连接；所述压紧件压紧所述电路板，所述电路板把所述导热垫压紧至所述顶盖。
在一些实施例中，所述压紧件设有安装槽，所述热敏电阻设置于所述安装槽中。
在一些实施例中，所述安装槽的深度大于所述热敏电阻的厚度，所述热敏电阻位于所述安装槽内部。
在一些实施例中，所述安装槽沿着所述压紧件厚度方向贯穿所述压紧件。
在一些实施例中，所述热敏电阻通过胶粘接于所述安装槽的内壁。
在一些实施例中，所述线束板设有通孔，所述导热垫安装于所述通孔中。
在一些实施例中，所述线束板朝向所述顶盖的一侧设有弹性结构，所述弹性结构抵接所述顶盖。
在一些实施例中，所述弹性结构包括：
弹片，所述弹片的一端与所述线束板固定连接；所述弹片的另一端朝向所述顶盖凸出；或者，
所述弹片的两端与所述线束板固定连接，所述弹片的中部朝向所述顶盖凸出；或者，所述弹片的中部与所述线束板固定连接，所述弹片的两端 朝向所述顶盖凸出。
在一些实施例中，所述线束板包括抵接部，所述抵接部设有凸起，所述电池包括设置于所述顶盖的电极端子；
所述电池模组还包括连接片，所述连接片固定连接于所述电极端子；所述连接片与所述凸起抵接。
在一些实施例中，所述压紧件与所述线束板之间设有定位结构，所述定位结构被配置为定位所述压紧件。
在一些实施例中，所述定位结构包括：设置于所述线束板的定位柱；以及设置于所述压紧件的定位孔，所述定位柱穿过所述定位孔且与所述定位孔固定。
本申请实施例还提供了一种装置，包括上述实施例中电池模组，所述电池模组用于提供电能。
上述实施例提供的电池模组及装置，采温组件的热敏电阻被安装于线束板的压紧件压紧至电池的顶盖，热敏电阻采集到的是顶盖的温度。顶盖的温度与电池内部的温度比较一致，顶盖能够及时反映电池内部温度的变化和高低。如果电池内部温度升高，则顶盖温度及时升高；如果电池内部温度降低，则顶盖温度及时降低。顶盖的温度随着电池内部的温度变化而及时变化。
上述技术方案提供的电池模组，其采温组件的热敏电阻与电池的顶盖压紧，并通过顶盖进行热量传递、实现温度采集。采温组件将采集到的温度传递至电路板等元器件，以便进行后续分析、处理判断。由上述的温度传递路径可以看出，上述技术方案提供的电池模组，在采集电池内部温度时，以电池的顶盖作为采集温度的起点，整个温度采集、传递路径短，温度响应速度快。这也使得基于采集到的温度进行后续处理时，控制更加精准，所以能有效降低、甚至避免电池模组提前限功率情况的发生，使得电池模组的效能得以有效发挥，有效优化了电池模组的结构和性能，也使得采用该电池模组的车辆设备的性能得以优化，车辆设备的可靠性得以增加。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的电池模组的立体结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的电池模组的电池立体结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的电池模组的压紧件的安装位置局部立体示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的电池模组的采温组件的安装时立体结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的电池模组的采温组件的安装时的主视结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的电池模组的采温组件的安装位置A-A局部剖面示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的电池模组的线束板、电路板和压紧件的连接关系立体示意图；
图8为图7的B局部放大示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的电池模组的线束板设有弹性结构一侧的立体结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的电池模组的线束板设有弹性结构一侧的主视结构示意图；
图11为连接片安装于线束板后的主视结构示意图；
图12为处于安装状态下采温组件处的剖视结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的电池模组的局部剖面结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的电池模组的局部立体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合图1～图14对本申请实施例提供的技术方案进行更为详细的阐述。
参见图1至图14，本申请实施例提供一种电池模组，包括电池1、线束板2、电路板3、压紧件4以及采温组件5。电池1包括顶盖11。线束板2设于顶盖11的顶部外侧。电路板3设于线束板2远离电池1的一侧。压紧件4安装于线束板2上。采温组件5包括热敏电阻51，热敏电阻51与电路板3电连接。压紧件4压紧采温组件5的热敏电阻51，以使得热敏电阻51与顶盖11压紧。
下面详细介绍各部件的可选结构以及相互之间的连接关系。
参见图2，电池1的可选结构如下：电池1包括壳体10、设置于壳体10内部的电极组件(图未示出)，设置于电极组件顶部的顶盖11、设置于顶盖11的电极端子12以及设置于顶盖11顶部的顶贴片13。具体地，顶贴片13粘贴于顶盖11的顶部。顶贴片13开设有防爆孔14，防爆孔14内安装有防爆阀15。顶贴片13还开设有两个电极端子通孔131，每个电极端子通孔131内安装有一个电极端子12。电极端子12包括正电极端子121和负电极端子122，也就是说，其中一个电极端子通孔131内安装有正电极端子121，另一个电极端子通孔131内安装有负电极端子122。
顶贴片13的材质比如为绝缘材质。顶贴片13为片状的，其尺寸与顶盖11的顶面尺寸匹配。比如顶贴片13的结构和尺寸刚好完全覆盖顶盖11的顶面；或者，顶贴片13的尺寸稍大于顶盖11的顶面尺寸，以使得顶贴片13具有足够的尺寸形成弯折边，以包覆住顶盖11。
顶贴片13一方面起到绝缘的作用，防止顶盖11与外部线路出现短接现象。另一方面，顶贴片13也起到保护顶盖11的作用，防止顶盖11被刮损。
根据电极组件制造方式的不同，电池1分为叠片式电池、卷绕式电池。其中，叠片式电池是将正极极片、负极极片以及隔膜裁成规定尺寸的大小，然后将正极极片、隔膜以及负极极片叠合成电池。卷绕式电池是将正极极片、负极极片以及隔膜卷绕成形。
参见图2，为了采集顶盖11的表面温度，顶贴片13开设有开口A，以将露出顶盖11的部分区域作为温度采样部位。
参见图2，开口A比如开设于顶贴片13的任意位置，但是顶盖11的整个表面的温度并不完全一致。考虑到采温组件5安装的便利性以及采温的精准性，开口A比如邻近负电极端子122设置。电池1的顶盖11上靠近负电极端子122处的温度更加接近于电池1内部的真实温度，两者在恶劣工况下的温差在可以接受的5℃以内。将采温组件5安装于上述开口A处，使得采温组件5采集到的温度也与电池1的内部温度相差较少，采温组件5采集到的温度较为精准地反应了电池1内部的温度。这也使得后续电路板3基于采温组件5采集到的温度数据进行分析处理时，得到的数据更加准确，控制更加精准，有效降低了电池模组提前限制放电功率现象的 发生。
参见图3至图6，在一些实施例中，电路板3比如采用柔性电路板(Flexible Printed Circuit Board，简称FPC)，或者采用印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board，简称PCB)。PCB板刚度较高，硬度较大；FPC板挠性较高，硬度较小。
参见图3至图7，电路板3比如为长条状，电路板3位于线束板2的中间区域。
在一些实施例中，压紧件4具有多种实现方式，比如采用平板状板结构和紧固件，紧固件比如为胶、铆钉、螺栓等。或者，压紧件4采用带有内凹部的结构，内凹部用于安装、定位热敏电阻51。内凹部比如为凹槽、通孔或者其他结构，后文将结合其他结合详细介绍压紧件4的具体实现方式。
在一些实施例中，采温组件5包括热敏电阻51。热敏电阻51可以是贴片式NTC(Negative Temperature Coefficient，负温度系数)温度传感器，或水滴头式NTC温度传感器。
参见图12，在一些实施例中，采温组件5还包括导热垫52。导热垫52设置于热敏电阻51和顶盖11之间。
在一些实施例中，导热垫52具备较高的导热系数和良好的压缩性。采用上述结构的导热垫52，既提高了传热效率，又可以承受电池模组中的电池1在充放电过程中的膨胀变形及冲击振动时的挤压。
下面详细介绍采温组件5的热敏电阻51和导热垫52的结构和安装位置关系。
具体地，在一些实施例中，热敏电阻51选用水滴头式NTC温度传感器。水滴头式NTC温度传感器包括头部以及与头部连接的导线，头部呈水滴形，故也可被称为水滴头或者端部。水滴头式NTC温度传感器的头部可以与导热垫52直接抵接，或者两者之间夹设有几乎不影响温度传递的膜结构。由于导热垫52被压紧件4压紧于电池1的顶盖11。压紧件4比如直接压紧导热垫52；或者压紧件4通过压紧其他部件，实现对导热垫52的压紧。采用上述结构使得热敏电阻51能够准确采集到电池1的顶盖11的温度。
在另一些实施例中，热敏电阻51选用贴片式NTC温度传感器，贴片 式NTC温度传感器包括头部以及与头部连接的导线，头部大致为长方体结构，参见图4、图5和图6所示。贴片式NTC温度传感器的头部与导热垫52直接接触或者通过几乎不影响温度传递的膜结构接触。由于导热垫52被压紧件4压紧于顶盖11。压紧件4比如直接压紧导热垫52；或者压紧件4通过压紧其他部件，实现对导热垫52的压紧。采用上述结构，热敏电阻51能够准确采集到顶盖11的温度。
设置导热垫52之后，温度传递路径为：顶盖11的温度传递至导热垫52，导热垫52的温度传递至热敏电阻51。热敏电阻51将采集到的温度信号传递至电路板3，进行分析、处理，以实现对电池模组放电功率的控制。
由上述分析可知，上述技术方案，热敏电阻51采集到的是电池1的顶盖11处的温度。顶盖11的温度与电池1内部的温度比较一致，顶盖11能够及时反映电池1内部温度的变化和高低。并且，上述的温度传递路径短，热敏电阻51温度采集的响应速度快，这也使得基于采集到的温度进行后续处理时，控制更加精准，所以能有效降低、甚至避免电池模组提前限功率情况的发生，使得电池模组的效能得以有效发挥，有效优化了电池模组的结构和性能，也使得采用该电池模组的车辆设备的性能得以优化，车辆设备的可靠性得以增加。
下面介绍热敏电阻51的几种连接方式。
热敏电阻51的第一种连接方式为：在一些实施例中，热敏电阻51通过导线(图未示出)与电路板3电连接。导热垫52被压紧件4压紧至顶盖11，以使得导热垫52与顶盖11保持贴合。热敏电阻51与导热垫52远离顶盖11的一侧接触，参见图9至图12所示。
导线的长短与热敏电阻51的设置位置、以及导线与电路板3电连接的位置相关。具体地，导线与电路板3比如采用下述方式电连接：导线远离热敏电阻51的端部电连接有插头，电路板3固定设置有插座。插头和插座插接，以实现导线与电路板3电连接。
采用上述结构，各部件的相对配合关系如下：导热垫52放置于顶盖11的顶面，与线束板2固定相连的压紧件4压住导热垫52。压紧件4具有限位热敏电阻51的结构，比如为后文描述的安装槽41，参见图12。热敏电阻51在安装槽41内安装到位后，点胶将热敏电阻51与安装槽41的侧壁固定。
在上述结构中，由于热敏电阻51和导热垫52比如直接接触；或者，热敏电阻51和导热垫52之间隔着电路板3的薄膜。由于薄膜厚度很小，几乎不会影响温度传递过程。
上述技术方案，电池模组的采温路径如下：顶盖11处的温度传递至导热垫52，然后传递至热敏电阻51，而后经由与热敏电阻51连接的导线传递至电路板3，以完成对温度数据的分析、处理。上述温度采集路径很短，热敏电阻51的采温快速，温度传递准确，并且热敏电阻51采集到的温度能够随着电池1的内部温度的变化及时变化。
参见图3和图6，压紧件4设有安装槽41，热敏电阻51设置于安装槽41中。
安装槽41比如是贯通的，或者安装槽41为沉槽。安装槽41的形状与热敏电阻51的端部形状比如相同或者不同，但是安装槽41的尺寸需满足热敏电阻51的端部安装的要求，使得热敏电阻51的端部能够全部位于安装槽41内部。安装槽41的形状比如为圆形的、方形的或者其他不规则形状。
热敏电阻51位于压紧件4的安装槽41内部，导热垫52压紧后反作用力作用在压紧件4上，使得热敏电阻51不受力，故有效防止了热敏电阻51因受力导致功能失效。
安装槽41内部比如设置有限位保护结构，以使得热敏电阻51安装到安装槽41内部后，位置相对固定，且在电池模组使用过程中，热敏电阻51不出现松动、移位等现象发生，使得热敏电阻51的温度采集操作准确地进行。
或者，热敏电阻51采用其他方式实现在安装槽41内的定位。先将热敏电阻51、导热垫52等部件安装到位，然后在安装槽41内点胶，以使得热敏电阻51与安装槽41的内壁固定。胶粘可以增加热敏电阻51与安装槽41的内壁固定连接的可靠性，并且实现了热敏电阻51的防水性能，防止水滴损坏热敏电阻51。另外，由于热敏电阻51位于安装槽41内部，安装槽41的内壁限制了胶的流动区域，防止溢胶现象发生。胶可以采用导热胶。
参见图3至图6，在一些实施例中，安装槽41沿着压紧件4的厚度方向H贯穿压紧件4，即安装槽41是贯通的，贯通的结构可进一步防止压紧件4施加的压力损坏热敏电阻51，保证了热敏电阻51能够正常工作。
参见图3至图6，安装槽41的深度H1大于热敏电阻51的厚度H2。压紧件4的安装槽41包围热敏电阻51，热敏电阻51完全位于安装槽41内部，保证了导热垫52被压紧后反作用力作用在压紧件4上，而热敏电阻51不受力，所以防止了热敏电阻51受力导致功能失效。另一方面，压紧件4使得热敏电阻51周围区域平整、不弯曲，使得热敏电阻51的安装表面是平整的，安装时的接触面积大，从而保证了热敏电阻51安装可靠。
上述技术方案，安装槽41对热敏电阻51起到避让和防护作用，防止压紧件4施加的压力导致热敏电阻51损坏，保障了热敏电阻51的温度采集功能。
热敏电阻51的第二种设置方式为：热敏电阻51固定于电路板3以实现热敏电阻51与电路板3电连接。压紧件4压紧电路板3，电路板3把导热垫52压紧至顶盖11。
热敏电阻51的第二种设置方式与第一种设置方式的差异在于，在第二种设置方式中，热敏电阻51直接固定于电路板3，热敏电阻51和电路板3之间电连接的导线长度几乎可以忽略不计。热敏电阻51和电路板3相当于形成了一个整体。具体地，热敏电阻51直接焊接于电路板3的焊盘，且与电路板3内部的温度采样线路电连接。
如上文描述，线束板2设置于顶盖11的顶部外侧，电路板3设置于线束板2远离顶盖11的一侧。如果热敏电阻51与导热垫52设置于电路板3的同一侧，则热敏电阻51与导热垫52直接接触。如果热敏电阻51与导热垫52设置于电路板3的不同侧，则热敏电阻51与导热垫52之间夹设有电路板3的绝缘膜。绝缘膜的厚度很薄，几乎不影响顶盖11的热量传递。
为了使得热敏电阻51能够采集到顶盖11的温度，线束板2设置有用于避让的孔(即后文描述的通孔23，参见图12)，以使得导热垫52能够直接接触顶盖11。压紧件4通过压紧电路板3的方式，压紧导热垫52，以使得导热垫52与顶盖11紧紧，导热垫52和顶盖11保持贴合，以便后续热敏电阻51准确实现温度采集。
采用上述技术方案，电池模组的采温路径如下：顶盖11处的温度传递至导热垫52，然后传递至热敏电阻51，而后直接传递至电路板3，以完成对温度数据的分析、处理。上述采温路径更短，热敏电阻51的采温更加快速，温度传递更加准确。
上文介绍了线束板2可以设置用于避让的孔，以实现温度采集各部件的安装和正常工作。下面介绍线束板2的具体避让结构。
参见图12，在一些实施例中，线束板2设有通孔23，导热垫52穿过通孔23。导热垫52的一侧侧面与压紧件4或电路板3贴合，导热垫52的另一侧侧面与顶盖11贴合。
参见图12，线束板2上开有作为通孔23的方孔，压紧件4与线束板2固定连接后，将导热垫52粘贴到压紧件4或电路板3靠近顶盖11的表面上。线束板2的方孔的侧壁作为粘贴导热垫52时的预定位，上述结构防止了导热垫52在恶劣工况下的位移。
参见图10、图13以及图14，为了使得线束板2与电池1的顶盖11紧密接触，在设备工作、运行过程中两者不出现松动现象，在一些实施例中，线束板2朝向顶盖11的一侧设有弹性结构21，弹性结构21抵接电池1顶盖11。
设置弹性结构21，使得采温组件5的安装更加稳固，采温组件5的稳定性和长期可靠性得以提升，各类冲击或振动工况下可增加采温组件5与顶盖11压紧的可靠性。
参见图12至图14，具体地，弹性结构21包括弹片210，弹片210的一端与线束板2固定连接，具体比如为插接、卡接、紧固件连接或者一体成型等。弹片210的另一端朝向线束板2的外侧凸出。采用此结构，弹片210大致比如为另一端弯曲翘起的结构。弹片210安装到位后，通过翘起端的形变产生的力，使得线束板2与电池1的顶盖11压紧。
弹片210比如还可以采用下述结构：弹片210的两端与线束板2固定连接，弹片210的中部朝向顶盖11凸出。弹片210安装到位后，弹片210的中部产生形变，通过弹片210的中部形变产生的力，使得线束板2与电池1的顶盖11压紧。
弹片210比如还可以采用下述结构：弹片210的中部与线束板2固定连接，弹片210的两端朝向顶盖11凸出。
弹片210是弧形的，或者其他弯曲的形状。弹片210安装到位后，弹片210的两端产生形变，通过弹片210的两端形变产生的力，使得线束板2与电池1的顶盖11压紧。
上述各技术方案，弹性结构21与顶盖11紧配合，保证了后文描述的 连接片7焊接后线束板2贴合至电池1的顶盖11。
参见图12至图14，在一些实施例中，线束板2包括抵接部22，抵接部22设有凸起25。电池1包括设置于顶盖11的电极端子12。电池模组还包括连接片7，连接片7固定连接于电极端子12。连接片7与凸起25抵接。
由于连接片7与电池1的电极端子12是焊接固定的，两者之间的安装空间是相对确定的，线束板2的抵接部22设置的凸起25使得线束板2与连接片7的接触更加紧密，整个电池模组的结构更加稳固可靠，也使得电池模组抵抗冲击、振动的能力得以增强。
参见图14，在一些实施例中，凸起25为条状的，且成排布置于抵接部22。各个凸起25的形状、尺寸比如完全相同，或者有所不同。
上述结构方案，设于抵接部22的各个凸起25均与连接片7过盈配合，保证了连接片7与电极端子12焊接后，线束板2贴合至电池1的顶盖11。
上文介绍了压紧件4安装于线束板2，下面详细介绍两者之间的具体连接结构。
参见图11和图12，在一些实施例中，压紧件4与线束板2之间设有定位结构，定位结构被配置为对压紧件4进行定位。
定位结构有多种实现方式，比如卡扣配合、后文介绍的柱、孔配合等，后文将详加介绍。
设置定位结构，使得压紧件4和线束板2之间的安装定位更加精准，使得热敏电阻51的安装位置更加精准，故也保证了电池模组采温位置的准确性，使得采集到的顶盖11准确。
参见图7和图8，具体地，定位结构包括设置于线束板2的定位柱24和设置于压紧件4的定位孔42。定位柱24穿过定位孔42且与定位孔42固定，定位柱24比如通过热铆的方式固定于定位孔42中。
此外，定位结构也可采用卡扣配合结构，如在线束板2上设置卡钩，卡钩与压紧件4卡接配合，以使得压紧件4与线束板2可靠固定。
或者，在线束板2上设置卡钩的基础上，也可在压紧件4上设置卡孔，卡钩与卡孔通过卡接配合将压紧件4与线束板2可靠固定。当然，定位结构还可以采用齿状配合结构等。
定位结构采用上述实现方式，使得线束板2的安装位置更加精准、安装操作更加快速准确。
上述技术方案，将采温组件5装配至电池模组的半成品上，将连接片7与电池1的电极端子12焊接，连接片7与顶盖11的高度差已限定。线束板2在连接片7下方有一定数量的凸起25，同时线束板2底部有向下凸出的弹性结构21。弹性结构21与凸起25之间的距离大于焊后连接片7与顶盖11之间的距离，故保证了连接片7与电极端子12焊接后，连接片7把线束板2压紧贴合至电池1的顶盖11上。
连接片7将线束板2压紧贴合至顶盖11后，压紧件4与顶盖11的间隙值已限定。预先选用厚度大于压紧件4与顶盖11间隙的导热垫52，在线束板2贴合至顶盖11的同时，依靠热铆将压紧件4固定到线束板2上并压紧导热垫52，使导热垫52与电池1顶盖11形成过盈配合，导热垫52与顶盖11保持紧密贴合，从而实现下述温度采集路径：顶盖11→导热垫52→热敏电阻51→电路板3，采温路径短，采温准确、响应快速。
本申请实施例还提供了一种装置，包括如上描述的电池模组，电池模组用于提供电能。其中，装置可以为车辆或者储能设备。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗指所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、为特定的方位构造和操作，因而不能理解为对本申请保护内容的限制。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池模组，其特征在于，包括：
    电池(1)，包括顶盖(11)；
    线束板(2)，设于所述顶盖(11)的顶部外侧；
    电路板(3)，设于所述线束板(2)远离所述电池(1)的一侧；
    压紧件(4)，安装于所述线束板(2)；以及
    采温组件(5)，包括热敏电阻(51)，所述热敏电阻(51)电连接于所述电路板(3)；所述压紧件(4)压紧所述热敏电阻(51)，以使所述热敏电阻(51)与所述顶盖(11)压紧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述采温组件(5)还包括：
    导热垫(52)，设置于所述热敏电阻(51)和所述顶盖(11)之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述热敏电阻(51)通过导线与所述电路板(3)电连接，所述导热垫(52)被所述压紧件(4)压紧至所述顶盖(11)。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述热敏电阻(51)固定于所述电路板(3)以实现所述热敏电阻(51)与所述电路板(3)电连接；所述压紧件(4)压紧所述电路板(3)，所述电路板(3)把所述导热垫(52)压紧至所述顶盖(11)。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述压紧件(4)设有安装槽(41)，所述热敏电阻(51)设置于所述安装槽(41)中。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述安装槽(41)的深度大于所述热敏电阻(51)的厚度，所述热敏电阻(51)位于所述安装槽(41)内部。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述安装槽(41)沿着所述压紧件(4)厚度方向贯穿所述压紧件(4)。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7任一项所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述热敏电阻(51)通过胶粘接于所述安装槽(41)的内壁。
  9. 根据权利要求2-8任一项所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述线束板(2)设有通孔(23)，所述导热垫(52)安装于所述通孔(23)中。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述线束板(2)朝向所述顶盖(11)的一侧设有弹性结构(21)，所述弹性结构(21)抵接所述顶盖(11)。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述弹性结构(21)包括：
    弹片(210)，所述弹片(210)的一端与所述线束板(2)固定连接；所述弹片(210)的另一端朝向所述顶盖(11)凸出；或者，
    所述弹片(210)的两端与所述线束板(2)固定连接，所述弹片(210)的中部朝向所述顶盖(11)凸出；或者，
    所述弹片(210)的中部与所述线束板(2)固定连接，所述弹片(210)的两端朝向所述顶盖(11)凸出。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池模组，其特征在于，
    所述线束板(2)包括抵接部(22)，所述抵接部(22)设有凸起(25)，所述电池(1)包括设置于所述顶盖(11)的电极端子(12)；
    所述电池模组还包括连接片(7)，所述连接片(7)固定连接于所述电极端子(12)；所述连接片(7)与所述凸起(25)抵接。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述压紧件(4)与所述线束板(2)之间设有定位结构，所述定位结构被配置为定位所述压紧件(4)。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述定位结构包括：
    设置于所述线束板(2)的定位柱(24)；以及
    设置于所述压紧件(4)的定位孔(42)，所述定位柱(24)穿过所述定位孔(42)且与所述定位孔(42)固定。
  15. 一种装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-14任一项所述的电池模组，所述电池模组用于提供电能。
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