WO2020258409A1 - 一种纤维素液相重整产氢催化剂、制备及应用 - Google Patents
一种纤维素液相重整产氢催化剂、制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020258409A1 WO2020258409A1 PCT/CN2019/096268 CN2019096268W WO2020258409A1 WO 2020258409 A1 WO2020258409 A1 WO 2020258409A1 CN 2019096268 W CN2019096268 W CN 2019096268W WO 2020258409 A1 WO2020258409 A1 WO 2020258409A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/326—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents characterised by the catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of biomass catalytic conversion of clean energy, and in particular provides a cellulose liquid phase reforming hydrogen production catalyst, preparation and application.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cellulose liquid phase reforming hydrogen production catalyst and its preparation method and application.
- the catalyst of the present invention is composed of uniformly dispersed nickel nanoparticles and a magnesium-aluminum composite oxide carrier or an aluminum oxide carrier.
- the catalyst is prepared from the hydrotalcite precursor through topological transformation under H 2 atmosphere.
- the content of Ni metal in the catalyst is 5-50wt%, and the average particle size of nickel nanoparticles is 3-15nm.
- the interface interaction between Ni metal particles and the support is adjustable, and the alkalinity of the support is adjustable.
- the catalyst is prepared by calcining and reducing the hydrotalcite precursor. The advantage lies in the interface interaction between the Ni nanoparticles and the support, and the number and strength of the basic sites of the support can be adjusted. To achieve high-efficiency hydrogen production by liquid phase reforming of cellulose.
- Ni-containing hydrotalcite Layered Double Hydroxides, abbreviated as LDHs
- the interface interaction between the Ni metal particles and the support can be adjusted, and the alkalinity of the support can be adjusted, thereby obtaining a catalyst with different catalytic performance.
- the aforementioned adjustment can be obtained by different preparation methods of the hydrotalcite catalyst precursor.
- the preparation methods of the hydrotalcite catalyst precursor include constant pH value method, nucleation crystal isolation method, urea method preparation, mechanical stirring rapid nucleation method, and the like.
- the pH value during the preparation process of the hydrotalcite precursor is 9-11.
- the width of the colloid mill slit is 100nm-10000nm.
- the rotation speed of the colloid mill is 3000r/min-15000r/min.
- the mixing time of colloid mill is 1min-10min.
- the catalyst is used for liquid phase reforming of cellulose to produce hydrogen, especially for water liquid phase reforming of cellulose to produce hydrogen.
- the above-mentioned catalyst of the present invention is used in the method for liquid-phase reforming of cellulose to produce hydrogen.
- the substrate cellulose and catalyst are added to the aqueous solution.
- the mass ratio of the added amount of the catalyst to the added cellulose is 1:10 to 1:500, and the reaction temperature
- the temperature is 200-280°C
- the reaction pressure is autogenous pressure
- the reaction time is 0.5-8h.
- the significant advantages of the invention are the interface interaction between the Ni nano particles and the carrier, the number and strength of the basic sites of the carrier are adjustable, the hydrogen production effect of liquid-phase reforming cellulose is good, and the hydrogen production yield can be as high as 70%.
- Step A Preparation of catalyst precursor by constant pH value method
- Step B The NiMgAl-LDHs precursor is reduced in H 2 at a certain temperature to obtain a catalyst.
- Step A Preparation of catalyst precursor by constant pH value method
- Step B The NiMgAl-LDHs precursor is reduced in H 2 at a certain temperature to obtain a catalyst.
- Step A Preparation of precursor by nucleation crystallization isolation method
- the obtained slurry is poured into the polytetrafluoroethylene lining of the hydrothermal kettle, sealed and placed in an oven at a certain temperature for crystallization. Disperse the obtained filter cake into a solution containing a certain amount of Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, adjust the pH value of the solution, stir for a certain period of time, and then wash with deionized water until the filtrate is neutral, and put it in the oven overnight dry. Obtain NiMgAl-LDHs.
- Step B The NiMgAl-LDHs precursor is reduced in H 2 at a certain temperature to obtain a catalyst.
- Step A Preparation of catalyst precursor by constant pH value method
- Step B The NiMgAl-LDHs precursor is reduced in H 2 at a certain temperature to obtain a catalyst.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
一种纤维素液相重整产氢催化剂、制备及应用,属于生物质转化技术以及清洁能源及相关化学技术领域。该催化剂由均分散镍纳米颗粒和镁铝复合氧化物组成。催化剂由含镍水滑石原位拓扑转变制得,优点在于通过控制水滑石前体制备方法可调变Ni纳米颗粒与载体之间的界面作用、催化剂碱性位密度、碱强度。将催化剂应用于纤维素液相重整反应,260℃,自生压,反应2h,产氢收率可高达70%。
Description
本发明属于生物质催化转化清洁能源领域,特别是提供了一种纤维素液相重整产氢催化剂、制备及应用。
由于氢气燃烧热值高,是汽油的3倍,并且其燃烧产物只有水,清洁无污染,因此,氢气被誉为二十一世纪能源,是未来能源发展格局中的关键组成部分。此外,氢气作为一种重要的化工原料,已经大规模应用于合成氨和石油炼制以及燃料电池等行业。然而,目前全球约96%的氢气制备来源于传统化石能源,3.9%来源于电解水。随着化石资源的不断消耗与枯竭,发展可再生资源制备氢能的技术逐渐引起关注。生物质作为一种可再生的碳资源,富含氢元素,被誉为理想的产氢来源。然而目前生物质产氢方法如气化,蒸汽重整,超临界水重整等存在着能耗高、条件苛刻等问题。
2002年,美国Dumesic课题组发表报道了一种液相重整生物质平台分子产氢技术(J.A.Dumesic et al.Nature,2002,418,964-967)。该技术实现了在温和液相条件(230℃,1.5-5.0MPa)下较高的产氢效果,同时产物中CO浓度低(<500ppm)。目前,关于液相重整技术主要集中于生物质平台分子多元醇为原料。而直接以生物质纤维素分子的研究还较少。Jones课题组首次报道了液相重整纤维素产氢(C.J.Jones et al.Energy Fuels,2006,20,1744-1752),在外加稀硫酸条件下,225℃,Pt/Al
2O
3催化效果仅为0.96mmol/g纤维素。田志坚教授课题组报道了5wt%Pt/C(Z.Tian et al.Catal.Commun.2010,11,522-526)及CeO
2修饰的Raney Ni(Tian et al.Catal.Lett.2011,141,1851-1858)催化剂催化的液相重整纤维素产氢,260℃,自生压条件下产氢效果分别为20.3mmol/g纤维素(产氢收率为26.5%)和17.8mmol/g纤维素(产氢收率为24.0%)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种纤维素液相重整产氢催化剂及其制备方法、应用。
本发明的催化剂由均分散镍纳米颗粒和镁铝复合氧化物载体组成或铝氧化物载体组成。该催化剂由水滑石前体经H
2氛围下的拓扑转变制备。
催化剂中的Ni金属含量为5-50wt%,镍纳米颗粒平均粒径在3-15nm。Ni金属颗粒与载体界面相互作用可调,载体碱性可调,催化剂由水滑石前体焙烧还原制得,优点在于Ni纳米颗粒与载体之间的界面相互作用,载体碱性位数量及强度可调,从而实现纤维素液相重整高效制氢。
所述催化剂的制备:该催化剂以含Ni的水滑石(Layered Double Hydroxides,简写为LDHs)为前体制得,水滑石层板二价阳离子选择Ni
2+或Ni
2+和Mg
2+、三价阳离子选择Al
3+,其摩尔比为Mg
2+/Al
3+=(0~5):1,然后将水滑石催化剂前体在H
2气氛中还原,还原温度控制在500-900℃,还原保温时间控制在1min-5h,升温速率为2-10℃/min,得到相应的催化剂;
Ni金属颗粒与载体界面相互作用可调,载体碱性可调,进而得到催化性能不同的催化剂上述所述的可调可通过水滑石催化剂前体的不同制备方法得到。
水滑石催化剂前体的制备方法包括恒定pH值法、成核晶化隔离法、尿素法制备、机械搅拌快速成核法制备等。
采用恒定pH值法制备和机械搅拌快速成核法制备时,该水滑石前体制备过程中pH值为9-11。
采用成核晶化隔离法制备时;胶体磨狭缝宽度为100nm-10000nm。胶体磨转速为3000r/min-15000r/min。胶体磨搅拌时间为1min-10min。
所述的催化剂用于液相重整纤维素产氢,尤其用于水液相重整纤维素产氢。
本发明上述催化剂用于液相重整纤维素产氢的方法,在水溶液中加入底物纤维素和催化剂,催化剂加入量与所加纤维素的质量比为1:10~1:500,反应温度为200-280℃,反应压力为自生压,反应时间为0.5-8h。
本发明的显著优点是Ni纳米颗粒与载体之间的界面相互作用,载体碱性位数量及强度可调,液相重整纤维素产氢效果好,产氢收率可高达70%。
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例1
步骤A:恒定pH值法制备催化剂前体;
量取定量的去离子水至四口烧瓶。准确称取定量的Ni(NO
3)
2·6H
2O,Mg(NO
3)
2·6H
2O,Al(NO
3)
3·9H
2O并溶于去离子水中,形成溶液A;准确称取定量的Na
2CO
3,NaOH并溶于去离子水中,形成溶液B,将溶液A、B同时滴入四口共沉淀于四口烧瓶内,保持体系pH恒定不变,升温至一定温度,磁力搅拌晶化。反应结束后用去离子水抽滤洗涤至滤液呈中性,无水乙醇抽滤洗涤1遍,放入烘箱过夜干燥。得到NiMgAl-LDHs。
步骤B:将上述NiMgAl-LDHs前体在H
2中一定温度下还原,即得催化剂。
准确称取定量催化剂、纤维素以及去离子水水至不锈钢反应器中,密闭,充氮气置换反应器中空气,重复10次,后充一定量氮气作为内标气。自室温升温至反应温度,开始计时反应。反应结束时,冷却至室温,反应气体体积用湿式气体流量计测量,采用气相色谱分析。产氢收率为30.2%。
实施例2
步骤A:恒定pH值法制备催化剂前体;
量取定量的去离子水至四口烧瓶。准确称取定量的Ni(NO
3)
2·6H
2O,Mg(NO
3)
2·6H
2O,Al(NO
3)
3·9H
2O并溶于去离子水中,形成溶液A;准确称取定量的Na
2CO
3,NaOH并溶于去离子水中,形成溶液B,将溶液A、B快速加入到高速搅拌的胶体磨中,搅拌一定时间后,将所得浆液倒入水热釜的聚四氟乙烯内衬中,密封后置入一定温度的烘箱中晶化。反应结束后用去离子水抽滤洗涤至滤液呈中性,无水乙醇抽滤洗涤1遍,放入烘箱过夜干燥。得到NiMgAl-LDHs。
步骤B:将上述NiMgAl-LDHs前体在H
2中一定温度下还原,即得催化剂。
准确称取定量催化剂、纤维素以及去离子水水至不锈钢反应器中,密闭,充氮气置换反应器中空气,重复10次,后充一定量氮气作为内标气。自室温升温至反应温度,开始计时反应。反应结束时,冷却至室温,反应气体体积用湿式气体流量计测量,采用气相色谱分析。产氢收率为70%。
实施例3
步骤A:成核晶化隔离法制备前体
量取定量的去离子水至四口烧瓶。准确称取定量的Ni(NO
3)
2·6H
2O,Mg(NO
3)
2·6H
2O,Al(NO
3)
3·9H
2O并溶于去离子水中,形成溶液A;准确称取定量的Na
2CO
3,NaOH并溶于去离子水中,形成溶液B,将溶液 A、B快速加入到高速搅拌的胶体磨中,搅拌一定时间后,将所得浆液倒入水热釜的聚四氟乙烯内衬中,所得浆液倒入水热釜的聚四氟乙烯内衬中,密封后置入一定温度的烘箱中晶化。将所得滤饼分散到含定量的Mg(NO
3)
2·6H
2O的溶液中,调节溶液pH值,搅拌一定时间,再用去离子水抽滤洗涤至滤液呈中性,放入烘箱过夜干燥。得到NiMgAl-LDHs。
步骤B:将上述NiMgAl-LDHs前体在H
2中一定温度下还原,即得催化剂。
准确称取定量催化剂、纤维素以及去离子水水至不锈钢反应器中,密闭,充氮气置换反应器中空气,重复10次,后充一定量氮气作为内标气。自室温升温至反应温度,开始计时反应。反应结束时,冷却至室温,反应气体体积用湿式气体流量计测量,采用气相色谱分析。产氢收率为20.2%。
实施例4
步骤A:恒定pH值法制备催化剂前体;
量取定量的去离子水至四口烧瓶。准确称取定量的Ni(NO
3)
2·6H
2O,Mg(NO
3)
2·6H
2O,Al(NO
3)
3·9H
2O并溶于去离子水中,形成溶液A;准确称取定量的Na
2CO
3,NaOH并溶于去离子水中,形成溶液B,将溶液A、B快速加入到高速搅拌的胶体磨中,将溶液A、B快速加入到装有机械搅拌的高速搅拌的四口烧瓶中,搅拌一定时间后,将所得浆液倒入水热釜的聚四氟乙烯内衬中,密封后置入一定温度的烘箱中晶化。。反应结束后用去离子水抽滤洗涤至滤液呈中性,无水乙醇抽滤洗涤1遍,放入烘箱过夜干燥。得到NiMgAl-LDHs。
步骤B:将上述NiMgAl-LDHs前体在H
2中一定温度下还原,即得催化剂。
准确称取定量催化剂、纤维素以及去离子水水至不锈钢反应器中,密闭,充氮气置换反应器中空气,重复10次,后充一定量氮气作为内标气。自室温升温至反应温度,开始计时反应。反应结束时,冷却至室温,反应气体体积用湿式气体流量计测量,采用气相色谱分析。产氢收率为65%。
Claims (10)
- 一种纤维素液相重整产氢催化剂,其特征在于,催化剂由均分散镍纳米颗粒和镁铝复合氧化物载体组成或铝氧化物载体组成,该催化剂由水滑石前体经H 2氛围下的拓扑转变制备。
- 按照权利要求1所述的一种纤维素液相重整产氢催化剂,其特征在于,催化剂中的Ni金属含量为5-50wt%,镍纳米颗粒平均粒径在3-15nm。
- 按照权利要求1所述的一种纤维素液相重整产氢催化剂,其特征在于,Ni金属颗粒与载体界面相互作用可调,载体碱性可调,催化剂由水滑石前体焙烧还原制得,在于Ni纳米颗粒与载体之间的界面相互作用,载体碱性位数量及强度可调,从而实现纤维素液相重整高效制氢。
- 权利要求1-3任一项所述的催化剂得制备方法,其特征在于,该催化剂以含Ni的水滑石(Layered Double Hydroxides,简写为LDHs)为前体制得,水滑石层板二价阳离子选择Ni 2+或Ni 2+和Mg 2+、三价阳离子选择Al 3+,其摩尔比为Mg 2+/Al 3+=(0~5):1,然后将水滑石催化剂前体在H 2气氛中还原,还原温度控制在500-900℃,还原保温时间控制在1min-5h,升温速率为2-10℃/min,得到相应的催化剂。
- 按照权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,Ni金属颗粒与载体界面相互作用可调,载体碱性可调,进而得到催化性能不同的催化剂,上述所述的可调可通过水滑石催化剂前体的不同制备方法得到。
- 按照权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,水滑石催化剂前体的制备方法包括恒定pH值法、成核晶化隔离法、尿素法制备、机械搅拌快速成核法制备。
- 按照权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,采用恒定pH值法制备和机械搅拌快速成核法制备时,该水滑石前体制备过程中pH值为9-11;采用成核晶化隔离法制备时,胶体磨狭缝宽度为100nm-10000nm,胶体 磨转速为3000r/min-15000r/min,胶体磨搅拌时间为1min-10min。
- 权利要求1-3任一项所述的催化剂的应用,所述的催化剂用于液相重整纤维素产氢。
- 按照权利要求8的应用,用于水液相重整纤维素产氢。
- 按照权利要求8或9的应用,在水溶液中加入底物纤维素和催化剂,催化剂加入量与所加纤维素的质量比为1:10~1:500,反应温度为200-280℃,反应压力为自生压,反应时间为0.5-8h。
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| CN117326523A (zh) * | 2023-09-12 | 2024-01-02 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种氢气的制备方法 |
| CN117800822B (zh) * | 2023-11-20 | 2026-02-13 | 华南理工大学 | 基于水相重整体系催化纤维素制备混氢天然气和环酮化合物的方法 |
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| WO2011142550A2 (ko) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-17 | 에스케이이노베이션주식회사 | 셀룰로우스로부터 수소 제조하는 방법 |
| WO2012121761A1 (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-09-13 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Supported catalyst and use thereof for reforming of steam and hydrocarbons |
| CN104148075A (zh) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-11-19 | 北京化工大学 | 一种温和高效分解纤维素制氢的催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN106867574A (zh) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-06-20 | 北京化工大学 | 一种高效催化山梨醇液相重整为c6碳氢化合物的方法 |
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| WO2011142550A2 (ko) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-17 | 에스케이이노베이션주식회사 | 셀룰로우스로부터 수소 제조하는 방법 |
| WO2012121761A1 (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-09-13 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Supported catalyst and use thereof for reforming of steam and hydrocarbons |
| CN104148075A (zh) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-11-19 | 北京化工大学 | 一种温和高效分解纤维素制氢的催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN106867574A (zh) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-06-20 | 北京化工大学 | 一种高效催化山梨醇液相重整为c6碳氢化合物的方法 |
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