WO2020255590A1 - Palm trunk separation method and separation device - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To enable use of whole palm trunks by separating vascular bundles and parenchyma tissues from the palm trunks on a mass scale using a relatively simple structure. [Solution] A thin plate material obtained by thinly slicing an oil palm trunk using a rotary lace 1 is crushed by crushers 4, 5. Crashed fragments are gravitationally classified by a gravitational classifier 7 to collect vascular bundles from a gravitationally classified heavy fraction and collect parenchyma tissues from a gravitationally classified light fraction.

Description

Palm tree trunk sorting method and sorting device

The present invention relates to a palm tree trunk sorting method and a sorting device, and particularly to a palm tree trunk sorting method that enables total mass production of palm tree trunks.

Many palms, especially oil palms, are cultivated in countries near the equator such as Indonesia and Malaysia, and in recent years, the expansion of oil palm plantations and harmony with the natural environment have become a problem. By the way, the life of oil palm is generally about 25 years, and old oil palm is cut down. Although some proposals have been made for the reuse of felled oil palm trunks (for example, Patent Document 2), the vascular bundles and parenchyma that make up the oil palm trunks are continuously separated for total mass production of these. For example, Patent Document 1 is a proposal that enables the use.

In Patent Document 1, the sap is squeezed by squeezing the splinters obtained by cutting or cutting the trunk of oil palm, and the residue after squeezing the sap is supplied to the separation chamber as a solid mixture. To do. Then, the residue is conveyed while being agitated by the paddle of the paddle conveyor provided in the separation chamber to recover the vascular bundle which is a low-fluidity solid in the solid mixture, and the airflow flows in the direction opposite to the transfer direction of the paddle conveyor. The parenchyma, which is a highly fluid solid in the solid mixture, is put on an air stream and recovered. At this time, the separation of the highly fluid solid from the solid mixture is promoted by injecting compressed air toward the solid mixture conveyed by the paddle conveyor.

JP 2013-34983 WO2018 / 216682

However, in the above-mentioned conventional sorting device, the residue after squeezing the sap is targeted for sorting, and the vascular bundle and the parenchyma are not separated directly from the trunk, so that an extra treatment step is required and the paddle is used. There is a problem that a relatively large-scale device for connecting an airflow forming device to a separation chamber having a built-in conveyor is required.

Therefore, the present invention solves such a problem, and is a method for separating palm tree trunks by mass-producing vascular bundles and parenchyma from palm tree trunks with a relatively simple configuration and enabling total use of palm tree trunks. And to provide a sorting device.

In order to achieve the above object, the method for separating palm tree trunks of the first invention is to crush a thin plate material obtained by peeling a palm tree trunk, and gravity classify the crushed pieces to obtain a gravity classified weight. Collect vascular bundles from objects and parenchyma from gravity-classified lightweight objects.

The sorting method of the first invention can be realized with a simple device, mass production is easy, and the palm tree trunk composed of vascular bundles and parenchyma can be totally used. In particular, since the thin plate material obtained by peeling the palm tree trunk is crushed, the gravity classification in the subsequent stage is efficiently performed.

The palm tree trunk sorting device of the second invention is a crusher (4,5) that crushes a separated piece obtained by separating a palm tree trunk into a predetermined size into crushed pieces, and a heavy object from the supplied crushed pieces. And a gravity classifier (7) for classifying lightweight objects, and the vascular bundles of the trunk are collected from the heavy objects classified by the gravity classifier (7) and classified by the gravity classifier (7). The soft tissue of the trunk is recovered from the lightweight material.

The sorting device of the second invention has a simple structure, and since the vascular bundle and the parenchyma are separated from the crushed pieces of the trunk by a gravity classifier, mass production is easy and the palm tree trunk can be used in total. .. Here, the gravity classifier uses wind power, and by adjusting the wind power, it is possible to appropriately classify heavy objects and lightweight objects having desired specifications.

The palm tree trunk sorting device of the third invention is provided with a rotary lace (1) for stripping the palm tree trunk in front of the crusher (4,5).

According to the third invention, since the trunk is stripped and crushed, the gravity classification in the latter stage is efficiently performed.

The palm tree trunk sorting device of the fourth invention comprises the crusher in the first stage crusher (4) for coarse crushing and the secondary crusher (5) in the second stage for fine crushing.

According to the fourth invention, since fine crushing is performed by a secondary crusher, classification by a gravity classifier is efficiently performed.

The palm tree trunk sorting device of the fifth invention is provided with a dryer (2) after the rotary race (1) or after the primary crusher (4).

According to the fifth invention, since the trunk is crushed in a state of being dried to a desired degree, the crushing is efficiently performed and the vascular bundle and the soft cells are better separated at the time of crushing.

The palm tree trunk sorting device of the sixth invention further separates the thin plate material from which the wig has been peeled off in the subsequent stage of the rotary race (1) or the subsequent stage of the dryer (2) provided in the subsequent stage of the rotary race (1). A separator (3) is provided.

According to the sixth invention, since the thin plate material from which the wig has been peeled off is separated, crushing by a crusher in the subsequent stage is efficiently performed.

The palm tree trunk sorting device of the seventh invention is further provided with a sieving machine (8) that separates heavy objects output from the gravity classifying machine (7) and collects vascular bundles.

According to the seventh invention, by providing a sieving machine, a vascular bundle having a desired specification can be recovered.

In the palm tree trunk sorting device of the eighth invention, the sieving machine (8) is relatively short compared to the first sieving machine (85) that collects vascular bundles that are relatively long from the heavy object. It is composed of a second sieving machine (86) that collects vascular bundles.

According to the eighth invention, a relatively long vascular bundle and a relatively short vascular bundle can be separated and collected.

In the palm tree trunk sorting device of the ninth invention, a centrifuge (6) for separating dust from the crushed pieces is provided in front of the gravity classifier (7).

According to the ninth invention, since the dust is removed from the crushed pieces before the weight classification is performed, the burden on the gravity classifier is reduced.

The palm tree trunk sorting device of the tenth invention is provided with a dust collector (10) that collects parenchyma from a lightweight object output from the gravity classifier (7).

According to the tenth invention, the parenchyma can be efficiently recovered by the dust collector.

In the palm tree trunk sorting device of the eleventh invention, the dust collector (10) further collects parenchyma from the dust discharged from the centrifuge (6).

According to the eleventh invention, the parenchyma can be efficiently collected.

In the palm tree trunk sorting device of the twelfth invention, the dust collector (10) further collects parenchyma from fine particles that have passed through the sieving machine (8).

According to the twelfth invention, the parenchyma can be efficiently collected.

The reference numerals in parentheses indicate the correspondence with the specific means described in the embodiments described later for reference.

As described above, the palm tree trunk sorting method and the sorting device of the present invention enable the total use of the palm tree trunk by mass-producing vascular bundles and parenchyma from the palm tree trunk with a relatively simple configuration. is there.

It is an overall schematic side view of the sorting apparatus which shows one Embodiment of this invention. It is an overall schematic sectional view of the sieving machine which shows one Embodiment of this invention.

It should be noted that the embodiments described below are merely examples, and various design improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention.

(Embodiment)
FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of a sorting device that implements the sorting method of the present invention. The sorting devices are the dryer 2, the separator 3, the primary crusher 4, the secondary crusher 5, the centrifuge cyclone 6, the gravity classifier 7, the sieve machine 8, and the blower, which follow from the rotary race 1 in the front stage. It is composed of 9 and a bug filter 10 which is a dust collector at the last stage.

A log-shaped oil palm trunk (hereinafter, simply referred to as a trunk) cut to a certain length is supplied to the rotary race 1, and the trunk has a known structure and is continuously wigged on a thin plate material having a thickness of about 3 to 6 mm or less. Be stripped.

The thin plate material from which the wig has been peeled off is conveyed on the conveyor 11 to the dryer 2, where it is dried until the water content reaches about 6 to 15% by mass. If the water content is high, it will be entangled with the teeth of the next-stage separator 3 and the tooth separation will be poor, which is not preferable. The dried thin plate material is separated by a separator (usually a cutting machine) 3 with an appropriate length so as to have a width that can be supplied to the primary crusher 4 in the subsequent stage. In the present embodiment, the separated pieces are conveyed to the primary crusher 4 on a conveyor (not shown) arranged in the direction orthogonal to the conveyor 11, and are roughly divided into crushed pieces having an average length of about 20 to 200 mm by the primary crusher 4 in the previous stage. After being crushed, the conveyor pipe 41 is sucked and moved by a secondary crusher (crusher in this embodiment) 5 in the subsequent stage. The secondary crusher 5 has a screen opening of about 3 to 10 mm, and by changing this, the average length of the obtained vascular bundle can be set to about 0.1 to 100 mm. If the opening is fine, the load of crushing becomes large, and if it is coarse, the obtained crushed pieces also become coarse, which is not preferable. Normally, the opening is about 5 mm.

The finely crushed crushed pieces are supplied to the cyclone 6 sucked by the blower 9 via the transport pipe 51, and the dust contained in the crushed pieces is separated by the cyclone 6. The separated dust is sent from the top of the cyclone 6 to the bug filter 10 by the blower 9 via the transport pipe 61 provided with the adjusting valve 611.

The crushed pieces from which the dust has been separated are supplied to the gravity classifier 7 located below the rotary valve 62 that is air-sealed provided at the lower end opening of the cyclone 6. The gravity classifier 7 is a so-called zigzag classifier using vertical airflow in the present embodiment, and the top thereof is connected to the blower 9 via a transfer pipe 71 provided with an adjusting valve 711.

An updraft is generated in the zigzag passage of the gravity classifier 7 connected to the blower 9 and sucked, and the crushed particles supplied from the rotary valve 62 in the passage are redistributed by collision or eddy current, and the updraft is generated. The crushed pieces are repeatedly classified according to the particle size and density. The lightweight material in the crushed pieces classified by the gravity classifier 7 contains a high proportion of the parenchyma constituting the oil palm trunk, which is transmitted from the top of the gravity classifier 7 through the transport pipe 71 together with the updraft. It is sucked by the blower 9 and sent to the bug filter 10.

On the other hand, the heavy objects in the crushed pieces classified by the gravity classifier 7 contain a high proportion of vascular bundles constituting the oil palm trunk, and the heavy objects are discharged from below the gravity classifier 7. It is supplied to the next stage sieve machine 8.

An example of the sieving machine 8 is shown in FIG. The sieving machine 8 shown in FIG. 2 is a vibrating sieving machine, and the housing 84 supported on the spring 83 is vibrated by rotating the upper and lower eccentric weights 821 and 822 with a built-in motor 82. In the housing 84, an upper sieving net 85 having a relatively large opening and a lower sieving net 86 having a relatively small opening are provided in the present embodiment, and the upper sieving net 85 is the first sieve machine. The lower sieving net 86 functions as a second sieving machine. By changing the size of the opening of these sieve nets 85 and 86, desired vascular bundles and fine powder described later can be obtained.

Then, a relatively long vascular bundle (in one example, a length of about 30 mm and an aspect ratio of about 600) contained in the heavy object supplied from the gravity classifier 7 cannot pass through the upper sieving net 85 and is captured here. It is collected from the discharge port 841 of the housing 84. On the other hand, the relatively short vascular bundle (in one example, about 1 mm in length and about 3.5 in aspect ratio) contained in the heavy object passes through the upper sieving net 85, but cannot pass through the lower sieving net 86 and is captured here. It is collected from the discharge port 842 of the housing 84.

The fine particles that passed through the lower sieving net 86 contained parenchyma that had been mixed in heavy objects or attached to the vascular bundle. The fine particles reach the lowermost discharge port 843 of the housing 84. Since the discharge port 843 is connected to the blower 9 via a transfer pipe 81 provided with an adjusting valve 811 (FIG. 1), fine particles are sucked from the discharge port 843 to the blower 9 via the transfer pipe 81, and the bug filter 10 Is sent to (Fig. 1).

In the bag filter 10, the parenchyma contained in the dust from the cyclone 6, the lightweight material from the gravity classifier 7, and the fine particles from the sieving machine 8 that arrived on the air stream is collected and collected by the filter cloth. According to the sorting device as described above, it is possible to handle a sufficient amount of trunk processing of about 10 t / h by simply increasing the size of the device.

(Other embodiments)
In the above embodiment, the sorting target is not limited to the oil palm trunk, but can be widely applied to the palm trunk.
In the above embodiment, the oil palm trunk does not necessarily have to be stripped of the wig, and the log-shaped trunk separated (cut or the like) may be supplied to the crusher as it is.
In the above embodiment, the crusher does not necessarily have to be composed of a primary crusher and a secondary crusher. It is not essential to have a dryer. When a dryer is provided, it may be provided between the primary crusher and the secondary crusher instead of immediately after the rotary race.

In the above embodiment, if the thin plate material output from the rotary race can be directly put into the crusher, it is not necessary to provide a separating device (cutting device).
In the above embodiment, if a desired vascular bundle can be obtained by the gravity classifier, it is not necessary to provide a sieve machine, and the sieve machine does not necessarily have to be composed of a first sieve machine and a second sieve machine.

In the above embodiment, it is not always necessary to use a dust collector for collecting the soft tissue, and in the above embodiment, the soft tissue is also collected from the dust separated by the centrifuge and the fine particles that have passed through the sieving machine. However, this is not always necessary. Dust collectors are not limited to bug filters.
In the above embodiment, it is not always necessary to provide a centrifuge for separating dust in front of the gravity classifier.

1 ... Rotary race, 2 ... Dryer, 3 ... Separator (cutting machine), 4 ... Primary crusher, 5 ... Secondary crusher (crusher), 6 ... Cyclone (centrifuge), 7 ... Gravity classifier , 8 ... Centrifuge, 85 ... Upper sieving net (first sieving machine), 86 ... Lower sieving net (second sieving machine), 9 ... Blower, 10 ... Bug filter (dust collector).

Claims (12)

1. The thin plate material obtained by peeling the coconut trunk is crushed, and the crushed pieces are gravity-classified to recover the vascular bundle from the gravity-classified heavy object and the parenchyma from the gravity-classified lightweight object. A method of separating palm tree trunks, which is characterized by this.
2. The gravity classifying machine is equipped with a crusher that crushes a separated piece obtained by separating a palm trunk into a predetermined size to make a crushed piece, and a gravity classifying machine that classifies heavy and light objects from the supplied crushed pieces. A palm tree trunk sorting device, characterized in that the vascular bundle of the trunk is collected from a heavy object classified in 1 and the soft tissue of the trunk is collected from a lightweight object classified by the gravity classifier.
3. The palm tree trunk sorting device according to claim 2, wherein a rotary lace for stripping the palm tree trunk is provided in front of the crusher.
4. The palm tree trunk sorting apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the crusher comprises a primary crusher in the first stage for coarse crushing and a secondary crusher in the second stage for fine crushing.
5. The palm tree trunk sorting apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a dryer is provided after the rotary race or after the primary crusher.
6. The separation of palm tree trunks according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein a separator for separating the thin plate material from which the wig has been peeled off is further provided in the rear stage of the rotary race or in the rear stage of the dryer provided after the rotary race. apparatus.
7. The palm tree trunk sorting device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, further provided with a sieving machine for separating heavy objects output from the gravity classifying machine and collecting vascular bundles.
8. According to claim 7, the sieving machine includes a first sieving machine that collects a relatively long vascular bundle and a second sieving machine that collects a relatively short vascular bundle from the heavy object. The described palm tree trunk sorting device.
9. The palm tree trunk sorting device according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein a centrifuge for separating dust from the crushed pieces is provided in front of the gravity classifier.
10. The palm tree trunk sorting device according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein a dust collector for collecting parenchyma from a lightweight material output from the gravity classifier is provided.
11. The palm tree trunk sorting device according to claim 10, wherein the dust collector further collects parenchyma from dust discharged from the centrifuge.
12. The palm tree trunk sorting device according to claim 10, wherein the dust collector further collects parenchyma from fine particles that have passed through the sieving machine.

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