CN102092064B - Method and device for separating corn stalk bark and corn pith - Google Patents
Method and device for separating corn stalk bark and corn pith Download PDFInfo
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- CN102092064B CN102092064B CN 201010546561 CN201010546561A CN102092064B CN 102092064 B CN102092064 B CN 102092064B CN 201010546561 CN201010546561 CN 201010546561 CN 201010546561 A CN201010546561 A CN 201010546561A CN 102092064 B CN102092064 B CN 102092064B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for separating corn stalk bark and corn pith, which comprises the steps of: (1) crushing corn stalks, (2) separating crushed stalk barks from other light parts; (3) separating light parts of corns from air flow and dusts. The invention further discloses a device for realizing the method for separating corn stalk bark and corn pith, which comprises a crusher, a high-speed oscillating sieve, a cyclone separator and a centrifugal fan, and all the parts are connected by pipes. The device is mainly used for separating corn stalks without leaves and corn pith, or directly dividing the whole corn stalks into two parts, i.e. stalk barks and a mixture of stalk leaves and corn pith. Because the stalk barks, leaves and pith of the corns are different in components, the separation of all the parts is helpful for high-efficiency utilization, and lays a foundation for commercialized high-efficiency utilization of stalks of corns and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural mechanical field, be specifically related to a kind of corn, jowar straw skin marrow separation method and device thereof of being suitable for.
Background technology
In recent years, the problem of comprehensively, efficiently utilizing of maize straw seems particularly outstanding.Maize straw accounts for 27.39% of China's agricultural crop straw, account for China's agricultural crop straw and can collect 46% of resource, but comprehensive utilization ratio is lower.Particularly maize straw stalk for wood and papermaking aspect research also just begin.The leaf of maize straw and marrow contain abundant nutritional labeling, be suitable for Fertilizer Transformed or fodder utilization, and maize straw skin contain abundant cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, is suitable for energy or stalk for the lignify utilization.Only have maize straw leaf, skin and marrow are separated, could classified use, reach the purpose of efficient utilization.
At present, that is that all right is ripe for the method that corn straw skin ﹠ pith separates and technology, has hindered each component of maize straw and has efficiently utilized.The straw skin marrow seperator of the people such as field Ziyu, Wang Chengshan invention (number of patent application: 88205735.9, patent name: straw skin marrow seperator) separate by winding machine corn straw skin ﹠ piths such as pulverizing, screenings.Main Problems is: inevitable with the little skin of some granularities in marrow by screening, and also inevitable with the larger marrow of some granularities in skin.Therefore, skin marrow separation rate is lower.Wang Defu; Zhao again the corn stalk skin-pulp separator of continuous heavy rain invention (number of patent application: 200920244315.5, patent name: corn stalk skin-pulp separator) maize straw is vertically split half, will split stalk marrow after half with cutter and scrape from straw skin and peel.This is invented, and method is feasible in theory, but due to some particularity on the maize straw physiological structure, attenuates as the physiological bending at place, fringe position, the above stalk of physiological bending and fringe position that lodging produces, and causes maize straw normally to dissect and splits the stripping of scraping that half-sum is carried out marrow.In addition, stalk at results, bundling, some non-physiological bendings and the bending of transporting, producing when depositing all will cause stalk can not normally split the stripping of scraping that half-sum is carried out marrow.This must cause this separator separation rate very low.The single stalk of this device is split and is partly scraped stripping, and separative efficiency is also lower.
Therefore, existing corn straw skin ﹠ pith isolation technics and equipment imperfection also.Classification efficiently utilizes significant to maize straw to study a kind of corn straw skin ﹠ pith separation method of efficient, high separation rate and device.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned problems of the prior art and defective, the purpose of invention is to provide a kind of corn straw skin ﹠ pith separation method, and the method can effectively be separated the straw skin marrow, and is suitable for extensive batch process.
The technical scheme that realizes the foregoing invention purpose is a kind of corn straw skin ﹠ pith separation method, specifically comprises the following steps:
1) corn straw smashing step;
2) skin after corn straw smashing and other lightweight part separating steps;
3) separating step of maize straw lightweight part and air-flow, micronic dust.
Described corn straw smashing step is maize straw to be realized peeling off of skin and other lightweights part under the shearing of the crushing part of pulverizer and effect of impact, and is ground into certain granularity.
skin after described corn straw smashing and other lightweight part separating steps are that the material after pulverizing is entered from the charging aperture in the vibration at high speed separator upper left corner through connecting pipe I under the swabbing action of airflow function that pulverizer self forms and centrifugal blower, and evenly pave along vibration at high speed separator width, form the certain thickness bed of material, material is tossed along direction of vibration under effect of vibration, simultaneously, under the effect of the uniform air flow that sieves from bottom to top, material is in to suspend or half suspended state, at this moment, the light material that in the bed of material, floating velocity is less is fed to gas-flow separation unit through connecting pipe II with the light material outlet of air-flow from vibration at high speed separator middle upper part, and in the bed of material, density is large, the larger straw skin of floating velocity moves downward along compass screen surface under the effect of the gravity horizontal component that effect of vibration and compass screen surface are formed slopely, until discharge from the heavy burder outlet on vibration at high speed separator right side.
Lightweight in described maize straw part and the separating step of air-flow, micronic dust are that the density by light material and air is different or sinking speed is different and are separated, can adopt the method that cyclonic separation or free settling separate to realize.
a further object of the invention is to provide the corn straw skin ﹠ pith separating device of realizing above-mentioned corn straw skin ﹠ pith separation method, comprise pulverizer, the vibration at high speed separator, gas-flow separation unit, wind stopping device, centrifugal blower and motor, it is characterized in that, the discharging opening of described pulverizer is connected with the upper left charging aperture of vibration at high speed separator by connecting pipe I, the light material outlet of vibration at high speed separator top is connected with the charging aperture of gas-flow separation unit by connecting pipe II, the right side of vibration at high speed separator is provided with the heavy burder outlet, the gas-flow separation unit bottom is equipped with wind stopping device, the bottom of wind stopping device is provided with the light material outlet after separation, the air-flow at gas-flow separation unit top is connected with micronic dust with the end of connecting pipe III and is connected, the other end of connecting pipe III is connected with fans entrance.
Described pulverizer is lappet formula pulverizer or intermeshing teeth type crushing machine.
Described vibration at high speed separator is high-speed oscillating sieve or vibrated fluidized bed.
Described gas-flow separation unit is cyclone separator or positive displacement discharger.
Said method separates with the straw skins such as corn after device is mainly used in defoliation and marrow, also can directly the full stalk of the stalks such as corn be separated into two parts: first straw skin; It two is mixtures of stalk leaf and marrow.
Because the structural constituents such as skin, leaf and marrow of the stalks such as corn are different, after being separated, each several part will help efficient utilization.Corn straw skin ﹠ pith separation method of the present invention and device thereof have the following advantages compared with prior art:
1. separation rate is high.Stalk catches a packet when pulverizing, shearing and kneading action, and straw skin and marrow can fully be peeled off, and the material after peeling off is subject to vibrating the effect with air-flow on the vibration at high speed separator, can fully separate.
2. productivity ratio is high.Described method and apparatus can carry out to the maize straw of drying skin marrow in enormous quantities to be separated, and stalk is crooked, fracture, flattening, stalk footpath variation, feedstock direction etc. do not affect separating effect.
3. if raw material is the maize straw after defoliation, the material after separation is straw skin and marrow; If the raw material full stalk that is corn, the material after separation is two kinds: first straw skin; It two is mixtures of stalk leaf and marrow.
4. separator is simple in structure, and straw skin marrow separation costs is low.
Description of drawings
Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of corn straw skin ﹠ pith separating device of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
maize straw is realized peeling off of skin and marrow under the shock of the crushing part of pulverizer and shear action, and be ground into certain particle size and pass compass screen surface, enter from the upper left charging aperture of vibration at high speed separator through connecting pipe I under the swabbing action of airflow function that pulverizer self forms and centrifugal blower, and evenly pave along vibration at high speed separator width, form the certain thickness bed of material, material is tossed along direction of vibration under effect of vibration, simultaneously, under the effect of the uniform air flow that sieves from bottom to top, material is in to suspend or half suspended state, at this moment, light material outlet above the vibration at high speed separator is fed to gas-flow separation unit through connecting pipe II the less light material of floating velocity with air-flow, and density is large, the larger straw skin of floating velocity moves downward along compass screen surface under the effect of the gravity horizontal component that effect of vibration and compass screen surface are formed slopely, until discharge from the heavy burder outlet of lower right side.Lightweight in maize straw part is in gas-flow separation unit, and is different or sinking speed is different and separated by the density of light material and air.Air-flow is directly discharged from centrifugal blower outlet after the air stream outlet of gas-flow separation unit top, and light material sinks in gas-flow separation unit, the light material outlet discharge through the bottom of wind stopping device.
Fig. 1 has provided corn straw skin ﹠ pith separating device the first embodiment of the present invention, comprise lappet formula pulverizer 1, high-speed oscillating sieve 4, cyclone separator 6, wind stopping device 8, centrifugal blower 15, the discharging opening 2 of described lappet formula pulverizer 1 is connected with the upper left charging aperture 9 of high-speed oscillating sieve 4 by connecting pipe I3, the light material outlet 13 of high-speed oscillating sieve 4 tops is connected with the charging aperture 14 of cyclone separator 6 by connecting pipe II5, the lower right side of high-speed oscillating sieve 4 is provided with heavy burder outlet 11, cyclone separator 6 bottoms are equipped with wind stopping device 8, the bottom of wind stopping device 8 is the light material outlets 10 after separating, the air-flow at cyclone separator 6 tops is connected 12 and is connected with the end of connecting pipe III7 with micronic dust, the other end of connecting pipe III7 is equipped with centrifugal blower 15.
Above-mentioned lappet formula pulverizer 1, high-speed oscillating sieve 4 and centrifugal blower 15 are all with motor.Motor on high-speed oscillating sieve is the polarization motor.
The operation principle of corn straw skin ﹠ pith separating device of the present invention:
All with motor independently, three motor all open, and could work for pulverizer in corn straw skin ﹠ pith separating device of the present invention, high-speed oscillating sieve and centrifugal blower.
Maize straw is sent in lappet formula pulverizer 1 through charging aperture, realizes peeling off of skin and marrow under the shock of crushing part and shear action, and is ground into certain particle size and passes compass screen surface.Under the swabbing action of airflow function that lappet formula pulverizer 1 self forms and centrifugal blower 15, the material after pulverizing is fed in high-speed oscillating sieve 4 through connecting pipe I, and evenly paves along high-speed oscillating sieve 4 widths, forms the certain thickness bed of material.On compass screen surface, material is tossed along direction of vibration under effect of vibration, simultaneously, under the effect of the uniform air flow that sieves from bottom to top, material is in suspends or half suspended state.At this moment, the light material that floating velocity is less is taken away through connecting pipe II with air-flow, is fed in cyclone separator 6.And density is large, the heavy material that floating velocity is larger, i.e. and straw skin moves downward along compass screen surface under the effect of the gravity horizontal component that effect of vibration and compass screen surface are formed slopely, until discharge from heavy burder outlet 11.Light material in cyclone separator 6 with flow separation, discharged by light material outlet 10 through wind stopping device 8.The isolated air of cyclone separator 6 and micronic dust are discharged by centrifugal blower 15 outlets through connecting pipe III and centrifugal blower 15.
If it is full stalk that corn straw skin ﹠ pith separating device of the present invention enters the maize straw raw material of this device, the above-described light material mixture that is mainly leaf and marrow; If enter the maize straw raw material of this device and be the cane after cauline leaf separates, above-described light material is marrow.
Corn straw skin ﹠ pith separating device of the present invention not only is confined to above-mentioned a kind of embodiment, and its pulverizer can be intermeshing teeth type crushing machine; The vibration at high speed separator also can replace with vibrated fluidized bed; Gas-flow separation unit also can replace with the positive displacement discharger.
Test example 1
Take the full stalk of double centner maize straw (comprising leaf, skin and marrow), after adopting method of the present invention and device to separate, get straw skin 49.2Kg, get stalk leaf and marrow mixture 50.3Kg, loss 0.5Kg (micronic dust).Straw skin percentage of impurity (percentage that contains leaf and marrow in skin) 2.8%.
Test example 2
Take the maize straw after the double centner defoliation, after adopting method of the present invention and isolated plant to separate, get straw skin 70.3Kg, get stalk marrow 29.4Kg, loss 0.3Kg (micronic dust).Straw skin contains marrow rate (percentage that contains marrow in skin) 1.5%, and in the stalk marrow, skin-containing rate 2.3%.
Claims (5)
1. corn straw skin ﹠ pith separating device, comprise pulverizer, the vibration at high speed separator, gas-flow separation unit, wind stopping device, centrifugal blower, it is characterized in that, the discharging opening (2) of described pulverizer (1) is connected with the upper left charging aperture of vibration at high speed separator (9) by connecting pipe I (3), the light material outlet (13) of vibration at high speed separator top is connected with the charging aperture (14) of gas-flow separation unit by connecting pipe II (5), the right side of vibration at high speed separator is provided with heavy burder outlet (11), the gas-flow separation unit bottom is equipped with wind stopping device (8), the bottom of wind stopping device (8) is provided with the light material outlet (10) after separation, the air-flow at gas-flow separation unit top is connected (12) and is connected with the end of connecting pipe III (7) with micronic dust, the other end of connecting pipe III (7) is connected with centrifugal blower (15) entrance.
2. corn straw skin ﹠ pith separating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pulverizer is beater disintegrating machine or intermeshing teeth type crushing machine.
3. corn straw skin ﹠ pith separating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described vibration at high speed separator is high-speed oscillating sieve or vibrated fluidized bed.
4. corn straw skin ﹠ pith separating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described gas-flow separation unit is cyclone separator or positive displacement discharger.
5. corn straw skin ﹠ pith separating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the corn straw skin ﹠ pith separation comprises the following steps:
1) corn straw smashing step: the corn straw smashing step is maize straw to be realized peeling off of skin and other lightweight part under the shearing of the crushing part of pulverizer and effect of impact, and is ground into certain granularity;
2) skin after corn straw smashing and other lightweight part separating step: the skin after corn straw smashing and other lightweight part separating step are that the material after pulverizing is entered from the charging aperture in the vibration at high speed separator upper left corner through connecting pipe I under the swabbing action of airflow function that pulverizer self forms and centrifugal blower, and evenly pave along vibration at high speed separator width, form the certain thickness bed of material, material is tossed along direction of vibration under effect of vibration, simultaneously, under the effect of the uniform air flow that sieves from bottom to top, material is in to suspend or half suspended state, at this moment, the light material that in the bed of material, floating velocity is less is fed to gas-flow separation unit through connecting pipe II with the light material outlet of air-flow from vibration at high speed separator middle upper part, and in the bed of material, density is large, the larger straw skin of floating velocity moves downward along compass screen surface under the effect of the gravity horizontal component that effect of vibration and compass screen surface are formed slopely, until discharge from the heavy burder outlet on vibration at high speed separator right side,
3) separating step of maize straw lightweight part and air-flow, micronic dust: the lightweight part in maize straw and the separating step of air-flow, micronic dust are that the density by light material and air is different or sinking speed is different and are separated, can adopt the method that cyclonic separation or free settling separate to realize.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201010546561 CN102092064B (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2010-11-12 | Method and device for separating corn stalk bark and corn pith |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201010546561 CN102092064B (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2010-11-12 | Method and device for separating corn stalk bark and corn pith |
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| CN102092064A CN102092064A (en) | 2011-06-15 |
| CN102092064B true CN102092064B (en) | 2013-06-05 |
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| CN103264422A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-08-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | Corn straw leaf, peel and pitch separation method and device thereof |
| CN104689988B (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2016-06-01 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Gravity separator is utilized to remove the method for fungi and endotoxin contamination seed grain thereof in cereal |
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| KR101648381B1 (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2016-08-22 | 주식회사 뉴트리피앤피 | Pretreatment device for removing pith from corn-stalk |
| CN106625924B (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2018-02-27 | 中科双泰（北京）环保科技有限公司 | A kind of straw skin marrow separation method |
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