WO2020255189A1 - 電源装置および交流電源の異常検出方法 - Google Patents
電源装置および交流電源の異常検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020255189A1 WO2020255189A1 PCT/JP2019/023854 JP2019023854W WO2020255189A1 WO 2020255189 A1 WO2020255189 A1 WO 2020255189A1 JP 2019023854 W JP2019023854 W JP 2019023854W WO 2020255189 A1 WO2020255189 A1 WO 2020255189A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H3/207—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage also responsive to under-voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/18—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using conversion of DC into AC, e.g. with choppers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/30—Measuring the maximum or the minimum value of current or voltage reached in a time interval
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an abnormality detection method for a power supply device and an AC power supply.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an uninterruptible power supply device having a power failure detection control circuit for detecting a voltage drop of an AC input power supply.
- the power failure detection control circuit is configured to detect a voltage drop of the AC input power supply when the effective value of the AC input voltage falls below the power failure detection level (for example, 85%) lower than the rated voltage (100%).
- the inverter device converts the DC power of the storage battery into AC power and supplies it to the load.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device capable of quickly detecting an abnormality of an AC power supply and a method for detecting an abnormality of an AC power supply. ..
- the power supply device includes a switch connected between an AC power supply and a load, and a control device for controlling the on / off of the switch.
- the control device includes an abnormality detection unit and a switch control unit.
- the abnormality detection unit is configured to detect an abnormality in the AC power supply by detecting an instantaneous value of a three-phase AC voltage supplied from the AC power supply when the switch is turned on.
- the switch control unit is configured to turn off the switch when an abnormality in the AC power supply is detected.
- the abnormality detection unit sets the first time based on the instantaneous value of the three-phase AC voltage detected at the first time and the first threshold value set in advance with respect to the peak value of the three-phase AC voltage.
- the abnormality detection unit detects an abnormality in the AC power supply by comparing the estimated second threshold value with the instantaneous value of the three-phase AC voltage detected at the second time.
- a power supply device capable of quickly detecting an abnormality in an AC power supply and a method for detecting an abnormality in an AC power supply.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply device according to an embodiment.
- This power supply supplies three-phase AC power to the load, but for the sake of simplicity in the drawings and description, FIG. 1 shows only the parts related to one phase.
- such a power supply device is also called an instantaneous low compensation device.
- the instantaneous low compensation device 5 includes an AC input terminal T1, an AC output terminal T2, a switch 10, a current detector CT, an inverter (bidirectional converter) 20, a battery 30, and a control device 40.
- the AC input terminal T1 receives a commercial frequency AC voltage VI from the AC power supply 1.
- the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI is detected by the control device 40.
- the control device 40 determines whether or not the AC voltage VI is normally supplied from the AC power supply 1 based on the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI.
- the control device 40 detects an instantaneous voltage drop and an overvoltage of the AC power supply 1 based on the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI by a method described later.
- the instantaneous voltage drop of the AC power supply 1 includes a power failure of the AC power supply 1.
- the AC output terminal T2 is connected to the load 2.
- the load 2 is driven by AC power supplied from the uninterruptible power supply.
- the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VO appearing at the AC output terminal T2 is detected by the control device 40.
- the switch 10 is, for example, a thyristor switch having thyristors 11 and 12 connected in antiparallel between one terminal 10a and the other terminal 10b.
- the switch 10 When the AC voltage VI is normally supplied from the AC power supply 1 (when the AC power supply 1 is sound), the switch 10 is turned on. When the AC voltage VI is not normally supplied from the AC power supply 1 (when the AC power supply 1 momentarily drops or overvoltage occurs), the switch 10 is turned off.
- the switch 10 is controlled by the control device 40. Specifically, the thyristors 11 and 12 are turned on (conducting) in response to a gate signal input from the control device 40. Then, the turned on thyristors 11 and 12 are turned off (cut off) according to the zero crossing of the AC voltage VI in the state where the gate signal is cut off.
- the current detector CT detects the instantaneous value of the alternating current (load current) IO flowing from the other terminal 10b of the switch 10 to the alternating current output terminal T2, and gives a signal indicating the detected value to the control device 40.
- the inverter 20 is connected between the other terminal 10b of the switch 10 and the battery 30, and is controlled by the control device 40.
- the inverter 20 is composed of a semiconductor switching element.
- the semiconductor switching element for example, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) is used. Further, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control can be applied as a control method for the semiconductor switching element.
- the inverter 20 converts the AC power supplied from the AC power supply 1 via the switch 10 into DC power and stores it in the battery 30.
- the control device 40 controls the inverter 20 so that the voltage VB between the terminals of the battery 30 becomes the reference voltage VBr.
- a capacitor may be connected to the inverter 20 instead of the battery 30.
- the battery 30 corresponds to an embodiment of the "power storage device”.
- the inverter 20 converts the DC power of the battery 30 into commercial frequency AC power and supplies it to the load 2.
- the control device 40 controls the inverter 20 so that the AC voltage VO becomes the reference voltage VOr based on the AC voltage VO and the AC current IO.
- the control device 40 stops the operation of the inverter 20.
- the control device 40 can be configured by, for example, a microcomputer.
- the control device 40 has a built-in memory and a CPU (Central Processing Unit) (not shown), and executes a control operation including abnormality detection described later by software processing by the CPU executing a program stored in the memory in advance. can do.
- a part or all of the control operation can be realized by hardware processing using a built-in dedicated electronic circuit or the like instead of software processing.
- the switch 10 When the AC power supply 1 is sound, the switch 10 is turned on, AC power is supplied from the AC power supply 1 to the load 2 via the switch 10, and the load 2 is operated. Further, AC power is supplied from the AC power source 1 to the inverter 20 via the switch 10, and the AC power is converted into DC power and stored in the battery 30.
- the switch 10 is instantly turned off, and the DC power of the battery 30 is converted into AC power by the inverter 20 and supplied to the load 2. Will be done. Therefore, even if an abnormality occurs in the AC power supply 1, the operation of the load 2 can be continued while the DC power is stored in the battery 30.
- abnormality detection method for AC power supply Next, a method of detecting an abnormality in the AC power supply 1 will be described. First, with reference to FIG. 2, an abnormality detection method using a comparative example and its problems will be described. As one aspect of the abnormality detection method according to the comparative example, a method of detecting the overvoltage of the AC power supply 1 will be described.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an abnormality detection method according to a comparative example.
- FIG. 2A shows waveforms of the AC voltage VI (U-phase voltage Vu, V-phase voltage Vv, W-phase voltage Vw) supplied from the AC power supply 1.
- FIG. 2B shows a waveform of a value Vp obtained by full-wave rectifying the AC voltage VI shown in FIG. 2A.
- the waveforms of the U-phase voltage Vu, the V-phase voltage Vv, and the W-phase voltage Vw are deviated by 120 ° from each other.
- the full-wave rectified value Vp shown in FIG. 2B is determined by the magnitude of the peak value of each phase voltage.
- FIG. 2C is an enlarged view of the waveform of the AC voltage VI near the time t1
- FIG. 2D is an enlarged view of the waveform of the full-wave rectified value near the time t1.
- the abnormality detection method according to the comparative example is configured to detect the overvoltage of the AC power supply 1 based on the full-wave rectified value Vp of the AC voltage VI.
- a threshold value VthH for detecting an overvoltage is preset in the full-wave rectified value Vp.
- VthH the full-wave rectified value of the AC voltage VI exceeds this threshold value VthH, it is determined that an overvoltage has occurred in the AC power supply 1.
- the overvoltage is detected because the full-wave rectified value Vp exceeds the threshold value VthH at the time t2 after the time t1.
- the threshold value VthH for overvoltage detection is set to a lower value, the timing at which the full-wave rectified value Vp exceeds the threshold value VthH can be accelerated, so that this time difference can be shortened.
- the threshold value VthH there is a concern that the momentary voltage rise due to noise may be mistakenly determined as an overvoltage.
- an abnormality detection method capable of accelerating the timing of detecting an overvoltage is proposed as compared with the abnormality detection method based on the comparative example. According to this, the time difference from the timing when the AC voltage VI suddenly fluctuates to the timing when the overvoltage is detected can be shortened, and as a result, the timing when the switch 10 is turned off from the timing when the AC voltage VI suddenly fluctuates. The time difference until can be shortened. Therefore, the possibility that an overvoltage is applied to the load 2 can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an abnormality detection method according to the present embodiment. With reference to FIG. 3, a method of detecting an overvoltage of the AC power supply 1 will be described as one aspect of the abnormality detection method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3A shows the waveform of the U-phase voltage Vu of the AC voltage VI detected by the control device 40. Although not shown, the waveforms of the V-phase voltage Vv and the W-phase voltage Vw are deviated by 120 ° from the waveform of the U-phase voltage Vu.
- the U-phase voltage Vu is shown by a thick solid line L1 in FIG. 3 (A).
- the U-phase voltage Vu has a steep fluctuation near time t0.
- Vu0 be the U-phase voltage Vu at the time t0 immediately before the fluctuation
- Vu1 be the U-phase voltage Vu at the time t1 immediately after the fluctuation.
- FIG. 3A further shows three types of waveforms k1 to k3 having different peak values.
- the waveform k1 represents the waveform of the U-phase voltage Vu when the AC power supply 1 is sound.
- the waveform k2 represents the waveform of the U-phase voltage Vu when the peak value is equal to the threshold value VthH.
- the waveform k3 represents the waveform of the U-phase voltage Vu at the time of abnormality of the AC power supply 1 (that is, after the occurrence of voltage fluctuation).
- the U-phase voltage Vu indicated by the thick solid line L1 changes along the waveform k1 before time t0 (before the occurrence of voltage fluctuation), but changes to the waveform k3 after time t1 (after the occurrence of voltage fluctuation). It's changing along.
- FIG. 3B shows the waveform of the peak value Vp of the AC voltage VI.
- the peak value Vp can be calculated, for example, by full-wave rectifying the AC voltage VI. Alternatively, the peak value Vp can be calculated by moving averaging the AC voltage VI.
- the peak value Vp indicates a value V0 smaller than the threshold value VthH at the time t0 immediately before the voltage fluctuation (that is, when the AC power supply 1 is sound) (V0 ⁇ VthH).
- the peak value Vp gradually increases after the time t1 immediately after the voltage fluctuation, and the peak value Vp exceeds the threshold value VthH at the time t2 after the time t1.
- the overvoltage is detected at the time t2 when the peak value Vp exceeds the threshold value VthH.
- the abnormality detection method conceptually assumes the case where the voltage fluctuation occurs immediately after the time t0, and estimates the threshold value Vth1 with respect to the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu at the time t1 immediately after the voltage fluctuation. It is composed of.
- This threshold value Vth1 is located on the waveform k2 of the U-phase voltage Vu when the peak value Vp is equal to the threshold value VthH. That is, when the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu changes temporally on the waveform k1, the threshold value Vth1 of the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu also changes temporally on the waveform k2.
- the abnormality detection method is configured to detect an overvoltage when the instantaneous value Vu1 of the U-phase voltage Vu at time t1 exceeds the threshold value Vth1.
- the instantaneous value Vu1 of the U-phase voltage Vu at time t1 exceeds the threshold value Vuts1 (Vu1> Vuts1). Therefore, the overvoltage is detected at time t1.
- the overvoltage can be detected at an earlier timing than the timing (time t2) when the peak value Vp of the AC voltage VI exceeds the threshold value VthH.
- the threshold value for the instantaneous value at time t1 can be estimated for the V-phase voltage Vv and the W-phase voltage Vw by the above-mentioned method. Then, when at least one of the instantaneous values of the U-phase voltage Vu, the V-phase voltage Vv, and the W-phase voltage Vw at time t1 exceeds the threshold value, the overvoltage can be detected.
- the threshold value Vth1 is a point corresponding to time t1 on the waveform k2 of the U-phase voltage Vu whose peak value Vp is equal to the threshold value VthH.
- This threshold value Vth1 can be estimated by using the phase ⁇ t0 of the U-phase voltage Vu at time t0 and the threshold value VthH of the peak value Vp.
- ⁇ is the angular velocity.
- phase ⁇ t0 of the U-phase voltage Vu at time t0 is the instantaneous value of the V-phase voltage Vv and the instantaneous value of the W-phase voltage Vw at time t0, and the peak value V0 of the AC voltage VI at time t0. It can be calculated by the following method.
- the AC voltage VI U-phase voltage Vu, V-phase voltage Vv, W-phase voltage Vw supplied from the AC power supply 1 is given by the following equations (1) to (3).
- Vu V0 ⁇ sin ( ⁇ t) (1)
- Vv V0 ⁇ sin ( ⁇ t + 120 °) (2)
- Vw V0 ⁇ sin ( ⁇ t + 240 °) (3)
- the relationship between the V-phase voltage Vv and the W-phase voltage Vw is given by the following equation (4).
- Vv-Vw ⁇ 3 x V 0 x cos ( ⁇ t) (4)
- the phase ⁇ t of the U-phase voltage Vu can be expressed by a function of Vv, Vw, V0 as shown in the following equation (5).
- ⁇ t arccos ⁇ (Vv-Vw) / ⁇ 3 ⁇ V0 ⁇ (5)
- the phase ⁇ t0 of the U-phase voltage Vu at time t0 is based on the instantaneous value of the V-phase voltage Vv and the instantaneous value of the W-phase voltage Vw at time t0 and the peak value V0 at time t0. Can be calculated.
- the threshold value Vth1 of the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu at time t1 can be calculated. That is, the threshold value Vth1 at time t1 is given by the following equation (6).
- Vth1 VthH ⁇ sin ⁇ (t0 + dt) ⁇ (6)
- the threshold value Vut1 given by the equation (6) is compared with the instantaneous value Vu1 of the U-phase voltage Vu detected at time t1, and when the instantaneous value Vu1 exceeds the threshold value Vut1, an overvoltage can be detected. ..
- the abnormality detection method is configured to estimate the threshold value Vth1 with respect to the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu at time t1 at time t0.
- FIG. 4 is the same as FIG. 3, and shows a waveform of the U-phase voltage Vu (FIG. 4 (A)) and a waveform of the peak value Vp of the AC voltage VI (FIG. 4 (B)).
- the threshold value Vth1 should be calculated using the instantaneous values of the V-phase voltage Vv and the W-phase voltage Vw and the peak value Vp, that is, which timing should be set at the time t0 immediately before the voltage fluctuation. There is a need to.
- the instantaneous value Vu1 of the U-phase voltage Vu sets the threshold value Vut1 after the voltage fluctuation actually occurs. It is necessary to make the time difference dt between the time t0 and the time t1 longer than the time required to exceed it (corresponding to the dtr in the figure). This is because when the time difference dt is shorter than dtr, the voltage fluctuation has already started at time t0, so the U phase is used by using the instantaneous value and peak value of the V-phase voltage Vv and W-phase voltage Vw during the fluctuation. This is because the phase ⁇ t0 of the voltage Vu is calculated. In this case, since the accurate phase ⁇ t0 cannot be calculated, it becomes difficult to calculate the threshold value Vut1 with high accuracy.
- the overvoltage is detected with a time difference corresponding to 1/6 cycle of the AC voltage VI at the maximum from the timing when the AC voltage VI fluctuates sharply.
- the 1/6 cycle of the AC voltage VI is equivalent to the time required for the full-wave rectified value of the AC voltage VI to change from the minimum value to the maximum value.
- the abnormality detection method aims to detect an overvoltage at a timing earlier than the timing when the full-wave rectified value reaches the threshold value VthH after the occurrence of voltage fluctuation. Therefore, it is assumed that the time dtr required for the instantaneous value Vu1 to exceed the threshold value Vth1 after the voltage fluctuation in the U-phase voltage Vu actually occurs is shorter than 1/6 cycle of the AC voltage VI. In other words, when the actual time dtr is longer than 1/6 cycle of the AC voltage VI, there is no problem even if the overvoltage is detected by the abnormality detection method according to the comparative example.
- the time dt in FIG. 4 may be assumed to be 1/6 cycle of the AC voltage VI at the maximum, and as a result, the time difference dt should be longer than 1/6 cycle of the AC voltage VI. You just have to set it.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an abnormality detection method according to the present embodiment.
- a method of detecting an instantaneous voltage drop of the AC power supply 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 5A shows the waveform of the U-phase voltage Vu of the AC voltage VI detected by the control device 40. Although not shown, the waveforms of the V-phase voltage Vv and the W-phase voltage Vw are deviated by 120 ° from the waveform of the U-phase voltage Vu.
- the U-phase voltage Vu is shown by a thick solid line L2 in FIG. 5 (A).
- the U-phase voltage Vu has a steep fluctuation (decrease) near time t0.
- Vu0 be the U-phase voltage Vu at the time t0 immediately before the fluctuation
- Vu1 be the U-phase voltage Vu at the time t1 immediately after the fluctuation.
- FIG. 5A further shows three types of waveforms k1, k4, and k5 having different peak values.
- the waveform k1 represents the waveform of the U-phase voltage Vu when the AC power supply 1 is sound.
- the waveform k4 represents the waveform of the U-phase voltage Vu when the peak value is equal to the threshold value VthL for voltage drop detection.
- the waveform k5 represents the waveform of the U-phase voltage Vu at the time of abnormality of the AC power supply 1 (that is, after the occurrence of voltage fluctuation).
- the U-phase voltage Vu indicated by the thick solid line L1 changes along the waveform k1 before time t0 (before the occurrence of voltage fluctuation), but changes to the waveform k5 after time t1 (after the occurrence of voltage fluctuation). It's changing along.
- FIG. 5B shows the waveform of the peak value Vp of the AC voltage VI.
- the peak value Vp indicates a value V0 larger than the threshold value VthL at time t0 immediately before the voltage fluctuation (V0> VthL).
- the peak value Vp gradually decreases after the time t1 immediately after the voltage fluctuation, and falls below the threshold value VthL at the time t3 after the time t1.
- the instantaneous voltage drop is detected at the time t3 when the peak value Vp falls below the threshold value VthL.
- the abnormality detection method assumes the case where the voltage fluctuation occurs immediately after the time t0, and estimates the threshold value Vth2 for the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu at the time t1 immediately after the voltage fluctuation. It is composed of.
- This threshold value Vth2 is located on the waveform k4 of the U-phase voltage Vu when the peak value Vp is equal to the threshold value VthL. That is, when the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu changes temporally on the waveform k1, the threshold value Vut2 of the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu also changes temporally on the waveform k4.
- the abnormality detection method is configured to detect an instantaneous voltage drop when the instantaneous value Vu1 of the U-phase voltage Vu at time t1 is below the threshold value Vut2.
- the instantaneous value Vu1 of the U-phase voltage Vu at time t1 is below the threshold value Vut2 (Vu1 ⁇ Vuts2). Therefore, an instantaneous voltage drop is detected at time t1. According to this, it is possible to detect the instantaneous voltage drop at an earlier timing than the timing (time t3) when the peak value Vp of the AC voltage VI falls below the threshold value VthL.
- the threshold value for the instantaneous value at time t1 can be estimated for the V-phase voltage Vv and the W-phase voltage Vw by the above-mentioned method. Then, when at least one of the instantaneous values of the U-phase voltage Vu, the V-phase voltage Vv, and the W-phase voltage Vw at time t1 is below the threshold value, the instantaneous voltage drop can be detected.
- the abnormal voltage method assumes the case where the AC voltage VI has a voltage fluctuation at the current timing, and the threshold Vth1 for the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI at the timing immediately after the voltage fluctuation. It is configured to detect an abnormality in the AC power supply 1 by estimating Vut2 and comparing the estimated thresholds Vth1 and Vut2 with the instantaneous value of the actual AC voltage VI at the timing immediately after the voltage fluctuation. According to this, the abnormality of the AC power supply 1 can be detected at an earlier timing immediately after the voltage fluctuation, as compared with the abnormality detection method based on the comparative example based on the full-wave rectified value of the AC voltage VI.
- Control device configuration The abnormality detection method according to the present embodiment described above can be realized by operating the control device 40 of the instantaneous low compensation device 5 according to a program stored in a storage unit (not shown). Next, the functional configuration of the control device 40 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a functional configuration of the control device 40.
- the control device 40 includes an instantaneous value detection unit 42, a peak value calculation unit 44, a threshold value estimation unit 46, 48, a storage unit 49, an abnormality detection unit 52, a switch control unit 54, and an inverter control unit 56. including.
- the instantaneous value detection unit 42 detects the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI (U-phase voltage Vu, V-phase voltage Vw, W-phase voltage Vw) supplied from the AC power supply 1.
- the peak value calculation unit 44 calculates the peak value Vp of the AC voltage VI by full-wave rectifying (or moving average) the AC voltage VI.
- the threshold value estimation unit 46 calculates the threshold value Vth1 for overvoltage detection.
- the threshold value Vth1 is the threshold value of the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu at time t + dt.
- the threshold value estimation unit 46 includes the instantaneous value of the V-phase voltage Vv and the instantaneous value of the W-phase voltage Vw detected by the instantaneous value detection unit 42, and the peak value Vp calculated by the peak value calculation unit 44. Is substituted into the equation (5) to calculate the phase ⁇ t of the U-phase voltage Vu at the current timing (time t).
- the threshold value estimation unit 46 substitutes the phase ⁇ (t + dt) of the U-phase voltage Vu at the timing (time t + dt) delayed by the time difference dt from the current timing and the threshold value VthH of the peak value Vp into the equation (6). By doing so, the threshold value Vth1 of the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI at the time t + dt is calculated.
- the threshold value estimation unit 46 calculates the threshold values Vvth1 and Vwth1 for overvoltage detection by using the same method.
- the threshold value Vvth1 is the threshold value of the instantaneous value of the V-phase voltage Vv at time t + dt.
- the threshold value Vwth1 is a threshold value of the instantaneous value of the W phase voltage Vw at time t + dt.
- the threshold value estimation unit 48 calculates the threshold value Vth2 for detecting an instantaneous voltage drop.
- the threshold value Vth2 is the threshold value of the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu at time t + dt.
- the threshold value estimation unit 48 includes the instantaneous value of the V-phase voltage Vv and the instantaneous value of the W-phase voltage Vw detected by the instantaneous value detection unit 42, and the peak value Vp calculated by the peak value calculation unit 44. Is substituted into the equation (5) to calculate the phase ⁇ t of the U-phase voltage Vu at the current timing (time t).
- the threshold value estimation unit 48 substitutes the phase ⁇ (t + dt) of the U-phase voltage Vu at the timing (time t + dt) delayed by the time difference dt from the current timing and the threshold value VthL of the peak value Vp into the equation (6). By doing so, the threshold value Vth2 of the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI at the time t + dt is calculated.
- the threshold value estimation unit 48 calculates the threshold values Vvth2 and Vwth2 for detecting an instantaneous voltage drop by using the same method.
- the threshold value Vvth2 is the threshold value of the instantaneous value of the V-phase voltage Vv at time t + dt.
- the threshold value Vwth2 is a threshold value of the instantaneous value of the W phase voltage Vw at time t + dt.
- the threshold value estimation units 46 and 48 store the calculated threshold values Vth1 and Vuts2 in the storage unit 49, respectively.
- the threshold value estimation units 46 and 48 further store the threshold values Vvth1, Vvth2, Vwth1 and Vwth2 in the storage unit 49.
- the abnormality detection unit 52 detects an abnormality in the AC power supply 1 based on the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu detected by the instantaneous value detection unit 42 and the threshold values Vth1 and Vut2 read from the storage unit 49. Specifically, when the abnormality detection unit 52 receives the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu at the time t + dt from the instantaneous value detection unit 42, the abnormality detection unit 52 compares the threshold values Vut1 and Vut2 at the time t + dt. When the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu exceeds the threshold value Vth1, the abnormality detection unit 52 detects the overvoltage of the AC power supply 1. On the other hand, when the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu is lower than the threshold value Vth2, the abnormality detection unit 52 detects the instantaneous voltage drop of the AC power supply 1.
- the abnormality detection unit 52 uses the same method, and based on the instantaneous value of the V-phase voltage Vv detected by the instantaneous value detection unit 42 and the threshold values Vvth1 and Vvth2 read from the storage unit 49, the AC power supply 1 Detect anomalies.
- the abnormality detection unit 52 uses the same method, and based on the instantaneous value of the W phase voltage Vw detected by the instantaneous value detection unit 42 and the threshold values Vwth1 and Vwth2 read from the storage unit 49, the AC power supply 1 Detect anomalies.
- the abnormality detection unit 52 outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the switch control unit 54 and the inverter control unit 56.
- the switch control unit 54 controls the on / off of the switch 10. Specifically, the switch control unit 54 outputs a gate signal to the thyristors 11 and 12 constituting the switch 10. When the switch control unit 54 receives a signal indicating an abnormality detection of the AC power supply 1 from the abnormality detection unit 52, the switch control unit 54 cuts off the gate signal. The thyristors 11 and 12 are turned off in response to a zero crossing of the AC voltage VI in a state where the gate signal is cut off.
- the inverter control unit 56 controls the inverter 20. Specifically, the inverter control unit 56 starts the operation of the inverter 20 when it receives a signal from the abnormality detection unit 52 indicating the abnormality detection of the AC power supply 1. The inverter control unit 56 controls the inverter 20 so that the AC voltage VO becomes the reference voltage VOr based on the AC voltage VO and the AC current IO. The inverter control unit 56 stops the operation of the inverter 20 when the voltage VB between the terminals of the battery 30 drops and reaches the lower limit voltage.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a procedure of control processing executed by the control device 40.
- the control device 40 executes the control process shown in FIG. 7 at a predetermined cycle, the function of the control device 40 shown in FIG. 6 is realized.
- FIG. 7 typically shows a process of detecting an abnormality in the AC power supply 1 using an instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu.
- control device 40 determines whether or not the switch 10 is in the ON state in step S01. If the switch 10 is in the off state (NO in S01), the subsequent processes of steps S02 to S11 are skipped.
- the control device 40 receives the AC voltage VI (U-phase voltage Vu, V-phase voltage Vv,) supplied from the AC power supply 1 to the AC input terminal T1 in step S02. The instantaneous value of W-phase voltage Vw) is detected.
- the control device 40 calculates the peak value Vp of the detected AC voltage VI in step S03.
- the control device 40 calculates the peak value Vp of the AC voltage VI by full-wave rectifying (or moving average) the AC voltage VI.
- step S04 the control device 40 U at the current timing (time t) based on the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI detected in step S02 and the peak value Vp calculated in step S03.
- the phase ⁇ t of the phase voltage Vu is calculated.
- step S05 the control device 40 estimates the thresholds Vth1 and Vut2 of the instantaneous values of the U-phase voltage Vu at the timing (time t + dt) delayed by the time difference dt from the current timing.
- the threshold value Vut1 at the time t + dt is referred to as Vutth1 (t + dt)
- the threshold value Vuts2 at the time t + dt is also referred to as Vuth2 (t + dt).
- the control device 40 stores the threshold values Vth1 (t + dt) and Vuts2 (d + dt) estimated in step S06 in the storage unit 49 (see FIG. 6).
- the control device 40 detects an abnormality in the AC power supply 1 based on the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI at the current timing (time t).
- the control device 40 reads out the threshold values Vut1 and Vut2 of the instantaneous value of the U-phase voltage Vu at the current timing (time t) from the storage unit 49 in step S07.
- the threshold value Vth1 at time t is referred to as Vth1 (t)
- the threshold value Vuts2 at time t is also referred to as Vuts2 (t).
- the threshold values Vth1 (t) and Vuts2 (t) are estimated at a timing (time t ⁇ dt) that is dt time difference from the time t, using the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI at that timing, and are stored in the storage unit 49. It is stored.
- step S08 the control device 40 compares the instantaneous value Vu (t) of the U-phase voltage at the current timing (time t) with the instantaneous value Vut1 (t) of the U-phase voltage Vu at the time t.
- the control device 40 detects the overvoltage of the AC power supply 1 in step S09.
- the control device 40 sets the instantaneous value Vu (t) and the threshold value Vut2 (t) in step S10. To compare. When the instantaneous value Vu (t) is smaller than the threshold value Vth2 (t) (YES in S10), the control device 40 detects the instantaneous voltage drop of the AC power supply 1 in step S11. When the instantaneous value Vu (t) is equal to or higher than the threshold value Vuh2 (t) (NO in S10), the control device 40 determines that the AC power supply 1 is normal, and ends the process.
- step S09 When the overvoltage of the AC power supply 1 is detected in step S09, or when the instantaneous voltage drop of the AC power supply 1 is detected in step S11, the control device 40 proceeds to step S12 and is input to the switch 10. Block the gate signal. As a result, the thyristors 11 and 12 constituting the switch 10 are turned off in response to the zero crossing of the AC voltage VI in the state where the gate signal is cut off.
- the control device 40 operates the inverter 20 in step S13.
- the DC power of the battery 30 is converted into AC power by the inverter 20 and supplied to the load 2.
- the operation of the load 2 can be continued while the DC power is stored in the battery 30.
- the AC power supply abnormality detection method is performed at an earlier timing immediately after the voltage fluctuation than the AC power supply abnormality detection method based on the peak value of the AC power supply. Abnormality can be detected. According to this, by quickly detecting an abnormality in the AC power supply, it is possible to turn off the switch in a short time and switch to power supply by the inverter, so it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the AC voltage supplied to the load. Can be done.
- the power supply device to which the abnormality detection method of the AC power supply 1 according to the present embodiment is applied may include the uninterruptible power supply device 6 shown in FIG. 8 in addition to the instantaneous low compensation device 5 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram showing a configuration of an uninterruptible power supply according to the embodiment.
- the uninterruptible power supply 6 supplies three-phase AC power to the load, but for the sake of simplicity in the drawings and description, only the part related to one phase is shown in FIG.
- the uninterruptible power supply 6 includes an AC input terminal T1 and an AC output terminal T2.
- the AC input terminal T1 receives a commercial frequency AC voltage VI from the AC power supply 1.
- the AC output terminal T2 is connected to the load 2.
- the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VO appearing at the AC output terminal T2 is detected by the control device 40.
- the uninterruptible power supply 6 further includes switches S1 and S2, reactors L3 and L4, capacitors C1 to C3, a converter 50, a bidirectional chopper 60, an inverter 20, a switch 10 and a control device 40.
- the switch S1 and the reactor L3 are connected in series between the AC input terminal T1 and the input node of the converter 50.
- the capacitor C1 is connected to the node N1 between the switch S1 and the reactor L3.
- the switch S1 is turned on when the uninterruptible power supply 6 is used, and is turned off when the uninterruptible power supply 6 is maintained, for example.
- the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI appearing at the node N1 is detected by the control device 40.
- the control device 40 detects the instantaneous voltage drop and the overvoltage of the AC power supply 1 based on the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI by the abnormality detection method described above.
- the capacitor C1 and the reactor L3 form a low-pass filter, pass commercial frequency AC power from the AC power supply 1 to the converter 50, and prevent the switching frequency signal generated by the converter 50 from propagating to the AC power supply 1. To do.
- the converter 50 is controlled by the control device 40, and when the AC power supply 1 is sound, the three-phase AC power is converted into DC power and output to the DC line 55.
- the AC power supply 1 is abnormal (when an instantaneous voltage drop or an overvoltage occurs), the operation of the converter 50 is stopped.
- the capacitor C2 is connected to the DC line 55 and smoothes the voltage of the DC line 55.
- the instantaneous value VDC of the DC voltage appearing on the DC line 55 is detected by the control device 40.
- the DC line 55 is connected to the high voltage side node of the bidirectional chopper 60, and the low voltage side node of the bidirectional chopper 60 is connected to the battery 30.
- the instantaneous value of the voltage VB between terminals of the battery 30 is detected by the control device 40.
- the bidirectional chopper 60 is controlled by the control device 40, and when the AC power supply 1 is sound, the DC power generated by the converter 50 is stored in the battery 30, and when the AC power supply 1 is abnormal, the DC power of the battery 30 is converted to DC. It is supplied to the inverter 20 via the line 55.
- the inverter 20 is controlled by the control device 40 and converts the DC power supplied from the converter 50 or the bidirectional chopper 60 via the DC line 55 into commercial frequency three-phase AC power and outputs the power.
- the inverter 20 converts the DC power supplied from the converter 50 via the DC line 55 into three-phase AC power, and when the AC power supply 1 is abnormal, the battery 30 passes through the bidirectional chopper 60. Converts the DC power supplied to the three-phase AC power.
- the output node of the inverter 20 is connected to one terminal of the reactor L4, and the other terminal of the reactor L4 is connected to the AC output terminal T2 via the switch S2.
- the capacitor C3 is connected to the node N2 between the reactor L4 and the switch S2.
- the reactor L4 and the capacitor C3 form a low-pass filter, pass the commercial frequency AC power generated by the inverter 20 to the AC output terminal T2, and the switching frequency signal generated by the inverter 20 is transmitted to the AC output terminal T2. Prevents propagation.
- the switch S2 is controlled by the control device 40 and is turned on in the "inverter power supply mode" in which the AC power generated by the inverter 20 is supplied to the load 2, and the AC power is supplied from the AC power supply 1 to the load 2 via the switch 10. It is turned off in the "bypass power supply mode".
- the switch 10 has the same configuration as the switch 10 in the instantaneous low compensation device 5 of FIG.
- the switch 10 is controlled by the control device 40 and is turned on in the bypass power supply mode and turned off in the inverter power supply mode.
- the control device 40 is configured to control the on / off of the switch 10 and the power conversion in the converter 50 and the inverter 20 so that the uninterruptible power supply 6 selectively executes the inverter power supply mode and the bypass power supply mode. ..
- the control device 40 detects the instantaneous voltage drop and overvoltage of the AC power supply 1 based on the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI by the above-mentioned abnormality detection method.
- the control device 40 switches the uninterruptible power supply device 6 from the bypass power supply mode to the inverter power supply mode.
- the control device 40 turns off the switch 10 and converts the DC power of the battery 30 into AC power by the inverter 20 and supplies it to the load 2. Therefore, even if an abnormality occurs in the AC power supply 1, the operation of the load 2 can be continued while the DC power is stored in the battery 30.
- the uninterruptible power supply 6 shown in FIG. 8 it is possible to detect an abnormality in the AC power supply at an earlier timing immediately after the voltage fluctuation in the bypass power supply mode. According to this, since the inverter power supply mode can be switched immediately after the voltage fluctuation occurs, it is possible to suppress the fluctuation of the AC voltage supplied to the load.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態による電源装置の構成例を示す回路ブロック図である。この電源装置は、三相交流電力を負荷に供給するものであるが、図面および説明の簡単化のため、図1では一相に関連する部分のみが示されている。また、このような電源装置は、瞬低補償装置とも呼ばれる。
交流電源1の健全時には、スイッチ10がオンされ、交流電源1からスイッチ10を介して負荷2に交流電力が供給され、負荷2が運転される。また、交流電源1からスイッチ10を介してインバータ20に交流電力が供給され、その交流電力が直流電力に変換されてバッテリ30に蓄えられる。
次に、交流電源1の異常を検出する方法について説明する。最初に、図2を用いて、比較例による異常検出方法とその課題について説明する。比較例による異常検出方法の一態様として、交流電源1の過電圧を検出する方法を説明する。
図2は、比較例に係る異常検出方法を説明するための図である。図2(A)には、交流電源1から供給される交流電圧VI(U相電圧Vu、V相電圧Vv、W相電圧Vw)の波形が示される。図2(B)には、図2(A)に示される交流電圧VIを全波整流した値Vpの波形が示される。
図3は、本実施の形態による異常検出方法を説明するための図である。図3を用いて、本実施の形態による異常検出方法の一態様として、交流電源1の過電圧を検出する方法について説明する。
次に、過電圧検出用の閾値Vuth1の推定方法について詳細に説明する。
Vu=V0×sin(ωt) (1)
Vv=V0×sin(ωt+120°) (2)
Vw=V0×sin(ωt+240°) (3)
式(2),(3)によると、V相電圧VvとW相電圧Vwとの関係は次式(4)で与えられる。
Vv-Vw=√3×V0×cos(ωt) (4)
この式(4)を変形することにより、U相電圧Vuの位相ωtは、次式(5)で示すように、Vv,Vw,V0の関数で表すことができる。
ωt=arccos{(Vv-Vw)/√3×V0} (5)
式(5)によると、時刻t0におけるU相電圧Vuの位相ωt0は、時刻t0でのV相電圧Vvの瞬時値およびW相電圧Vwの瞬時値と、時刻t0でのピーク値V0とに基づいて算出することができる。
Vuth1=VthH×sin{ω(t0+dt)} (6)
式(6)で与えられる閾値Vuth1と、時刻t1にて検出されるU相電圧Vuの瞬時値Vu1とを比較し、瞬時値Vu1が閾値Vuth1を超えている場合、過電圧を検出することができる。
上述したように、本実施の形態による異常検出方法は、時刻t0にて、時刻t1におけるU相電圧Vuの瞬時値に対する閾値Vuth1を推定するように構成される。この異常検出方法を用いて交流電圧VIの急峻な変動を検出するためには、電圧変動の直前の時刻t0と電圧変動の直後の時刻t1との時間差dtをどのような大きさとするかが重要となる。
図4は、図3と同じであり、U相電圧Vuの波形(図4(A))と、交流電圧VIのピーク値Vpの波形(図4(B))とを示している。
図5は、本実施の形態による異常検出方法を説明するための図である。図5を用いて、本実施の形態による異常検出方法の別の態様として、交流電源1の瞬時電圧低下を検出する方法について説明する。
上述した本実施の形態による異常検出方法は、瞬低補償装置5の制御装置40が、図示しない記憶部に記憶されているプログラムに従って動作することによって実現することができる。次に、図6を用いて、制御装置40の機能的構成について説明する。
図6を参照して、制御装置40は、瞬時値検出部42、ピーク値演算部44、閾値推定部46,48、記憶部49、異常検出部52、スイッチ制御部54、およびインバータ制御部56を含む。
本実施の形態による交流電源1の異常検出方法が適用される電源装置には、図1に示した瞬低補償装置5以外に、図8に示される無停電電源装置6を含めることができる。
Claims (8)
- 交流電源および負荷の間に接続されるスイッチと、
前記スイッチのオンオフを制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記スイッチのオン時、前記交流電源から供給される三相交流電圧の瞬時値を検出することにより、前記交流電源の異常を検出する異常検出部と、
前記交流電源の異常が検出された場合、前記スイッチをオフさせるスイッチ制御部とを含み、
前記異常検出部は、
第1の時刻にて検出される三相交流電圧の瞬時値と、三相交流電圧のピーク値に対して予め設定された第1の閾値とに基づいて、前記第1の時刻と所定の時間差を有する第2の時刻における三相交流電圧の瞬時値に対する第2の閾値を推定し、
推定された前記第2の閾値と、前記第2の時刻にて検出される三相交流電圧の瞬時値とを比較することにより、前記交流電源の異常を検出する、電源装置。 - 前記第1の閾値は、前記交流電源の過電圧を検出するためのピーク値の閾値を含み、
前記異常検出部は、前記第2の時刻にて検出される三相交流電圧の瞬時値が前記第2の閾値より大きいとき、前記交流電源の過電圧を検出する、請求項1に記載の電源装置。 - 前記第1の閾値は、前記交流電源の瞬時電圧低下を検出するためのピーク値の閾値を含み、
前記異常検出部は、前記第2の時刻にて検出される三相交流電圧の瞬時値が前記第2の閾値より小さいとき、前記交流電源の瞬時電圧低下を検出する、請求項1に記載の電源装置。 - 前記異常検出部は、前記第1の時刻にて検出される第1相および第2相の電圧の瞬時値と、前記第1の時刻における三相交流電圧のピーク値とに基づいて、前記第1の時刻における第3相の電圧の位相を算出し、
前記第1の時刻における前記第3相の電圧の位相に基づいて、前記第2の時刻における前記第3相の電圧の位相を算出し、
前記第2の時刻における前記第3相の電圧の位相と、前記第1の閾値とに基づいて、前記第2の閾値を推定する、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の電源装置。 - 前記スイッチは、逆並列接続される第1および第2のサイリスタを有する、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の電源装置。
- 前記所定の時間差は、前記交流電源から供給される三相交流電圧の1/6周期分よりも長くなるように設定される、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の電源装置。
- 電力貯蔵装置の直流電力を交流電力に変換して前記負荷に供給するように構成されたインバータをさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記交流電源の異常が検出された場合、前記インバータを起動させるインバータ制御部をさらに含む、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の電源装置。 - 交流電源の異常検出方法であって、
前記交流電源から供給される三相交流電圧の瞬時値を検出するステップと、
前記検出するステップにより第1の時刻にて検出される三相交流電圧の瞬時値と、三相交流電圧のピーク値に対して予め設定された第1の閾値と基づいて、前記第1の時刻と所定の時間差を有する第2の時刻における三相交流電圧の瞬時値に対する第2の閾値を推定するステップと、
前記推定するステップにより推定された前記第2の閾値と、前記第2の時刻にて検出される三相交流電圧の瞬時値とを比較することにより、前記交流電源の異常を検出するステップとを備える、交流電源の異常検出方法。
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US20210351583A1 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
JP6816307B1 (ja) | 2021-01-20 |
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CN112840522A (zh) | 2021-05-25 |
KR102620030B1 (ko) | 2023-12-29 |
KR20210055727A (ko) | 2021-05-17 |
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