WO2020248592A1 - 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环 - Google Patents

逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020248592A1
WO2020248592A1 PCT/CN2020/000137 CN2020000137W WO2020248592A1 WO 2020248592 A1 WO2020248592 A1 WO 2020248592A1 CN 2020000137 W CN2020000137 W CN 2020000137W WO 2020248592 A1 WO2020248592 A1 WO 2020248592A1
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working fluid
kilogram
endothermic
processes
exothermic
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PCT/CN2020/000137
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李华玉
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李华玉
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Priority to US17/618,775 priority Critical patent/US20220316766A1/en
Priority to GB2200357.8A priority patent/GB2600047B/en
Publication of WO2020248592A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020248592A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
    • F01K25/065—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids with an absorption fluid remaining at least partly in the liquid state, e.g. water for ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/44—Use of steam for feed-water heating and another purpose

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical fields of thermodynamics, refrigeration and heat pumps.
  • Cold demand, heat demand, and power demand are common in human life and production; among them, the use of mechanical energy to convert heat energy is an important way to achieve cooling and efficient heating. Under normal circumstances, the temperature of the cooling medium changes during cooling, and the temperature of the heated medium often changes during heating. When using mechanical energy to heat, the heated medium often has the dual characteristics of variable temperature and high temperature at the same time, which makes the use of a single The thermal cycle theory realizes the unreasonable performance index for cooling or heating; these problems are-unreasonable performance index, low heating parameters, high compression ratio, and too much working pressure.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle.
  • the specific content of the invention is described as follows:
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the seven processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg working fluid separately or together-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 + M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid boost process 34, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 45, M 2 Kilogram working fluid pressure reduction process 52 , M 1 kg of working fluid exothermic condensation process 56, M 1 kg of working fluid depressurization process 61-a closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluids composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, which are carried out separately or together in eight processes-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 + M 2) kg refrigerant endothermic process 23, (M 1 + M 2 ) kg bootstrapping working medium 34, M 2 kg refrigerant exothermic process 45, M 2 kg working fluid depressurisation 52, M 1 kg ENGINEERING The process of pressure increase 46, the process of exothermic condensation of M 1 kg of working fluid 67, the process of depressurization of M 1 kg of working fluid 71-a closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluids composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, which are carried out separately or together in eight processes-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 + M 2) kg refrigerant endothermic process 23, (M 1 + M 2 ) kg bootstrapping working medium 34, M 2 kg bootstrapping working medium 45, M 2 kg refrigerant exothermic process 56, M 2 kg ENGINEERING Mass depressurization process 62, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic condensation process 47, M 1 kg working fluid depressurization process 71-a closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the nine processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, respectively or jointly-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 + M 2 )Kg working fluid endothermic process 23, M 2 kg working fluid endothermic process 34, M 2 kg working fluid boosting process 45, M 2 kg working fluid heat releasing process 56, M 2 kg working fluid depressurizing process 62 , M 1 kg of working fluid boosting process 37, M 1 kg of working fluid exothermic condensation process 78, M 1 kg of working fluid depressurizing process 81-a closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to nine processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, respectively or jointly-M 1 kg of working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 + M 2) kg endothermic process working medium 23, M 2 kg bootstrapping working medium 34, M 2 kg refrigerant exothermic process 45, M 2 kg working fluid depressurisation 52, M 1 kg refrigerant endothermic process 36 , M 1 kg of working fluid boosting process 67, M 1 kg of working fluid exothermic condensation process 78, M 1 kg of working fluid depressurizing process 81-a closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to ten processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, which are carried out separately or jointly or partially-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 34, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid boosting process 45, (M 1 +M 2 -X) kg working fluid heat release process 56, X kg working fluid pressure increase process 36, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid heat release process 67, M 2 kg working fluid pressure reduction process 72, M 1 Kilogram working fluid exothermic condensation process 78, M 1 kilogram working fluid depressurization process 81-a closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the nine processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, respectively or jointly-M 1 kg of working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 + M 2) kg refrigerant endothermic process 23, (M 1 + M 2 ) kg bootstrapping working medium 34, (M 1 + M 2 ) kg exothermic process working medium 45, M 2 kg refrigerant depressurization 5a , M 2 kg working fluid endothermic process ab, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization process b2, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic condensation process 56, M 1 kg working fluid depressurization process 61-a closed process composed of.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to ten processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, respectively or jointly-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 + M 2) kg refrigerant endothermic process 23, (M 1 + M 2 ) kg bootstrapping working medium 34, M 2 kg refrigerant exothermic process 45, M 2 kg working fluid depressurisation 5a, M 2 kg ENGINEERING Heat absorption process ab, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization process b2, M 1 kg working fluid boosting process 46, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic condensation process 67, M 1 kg working fluid depressurizing process 71-composed The closing process.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to ten processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, respectively or jointly-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 + M 2) kg refrigerant endothermic process 23, (M 1 + M 2 ) kg bootstrapping working medium 34, M 2 kg bootstrapping working medium 45, M 2 kg refrigerant exothermic process 56, M 2 kg ENGINEERING Mass pressure reduction process 6a, M 2 kg working fluid endothermic process ab, M 2 kg working fluid pressure reduction process b2, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic condensation process 47, M 1 kg working fluid pressure reduction process 71-composed The closing process.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to eleven processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, respectively or jointly-M 1 kg of working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, M 2 kilogram working fluid endothermic process 34, M 2 kilogram working fluid boosting process 45, M 2 kilogram working fluid exothermic process 56, M 2 kg working fluid depressurizing process 6a, M 2 kg working fluid endothermic process ab, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization process b2, M 1 kg working fluid boosting process 37, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic condensation process 78, M 1 kg working fluid depressurizing Process 81-the closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to eleven processes composed of M 1 kilogram and M 2 kilograms of working fluid, respectively or jointly-M 1 kilogram of working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, M 2 kilogram working fluid pressure increasing process 34, M 2 kilogram working fluid heat release process 45, M 2 kilogram working fluid pressure reducing process 5a, M 2 kilogram working fluid heat absorption process ab, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization process b2, M 1 kg working fluid endothermic process 36, M 1 kg working fluid boost process 67, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic condensation process 78, M 1 kg working fluid depressurization Process 81-the closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to twelve processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, which are carried out separately or jointly or partially-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, ( M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid heat absorption process 34, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid boosting process 45, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 56, X kilogram working fluid boosting process 36, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid heat releasing process 67, M 2 kg working fluid depressurizing process 7a, M 2 kg working fluid endothermic process ab, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization process b2, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic condensation process 78, M 1 kg working fluid depressurization process 81-a closed process composed of.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the eleven processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg working fluid separately or together-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid boost process 34, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 45, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid Pressure reduction process 5t, M 2 kg working fluid pressure reduction process t2, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid exothermic condensation process 5r, M kg working fluid pressure reduction process rs, M kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic process r6, M 1 kg working fluid depressurization process 61-a closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluid composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, which are carried out separately or jointly in twelve processes-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid boosting process 34, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid exothermic process 45, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid Pressure reduction process 5t, M 2 kg working fluid pressure reduction process t2, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid pressure increase process 46, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid exothermic condensation process 6r, M kg working fluid pressure reduction process Process rs, M kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic process r 7, M 1 kg working fluid depressurization process 71-a closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single steam combined cycle working fluid the working fluid from the means M 1 M 2 kilogram in kilograms and consisting of twelve of the process separately or jointly --M 1 kilogram process 12 is working fluid absorbs heat of vaporization, (M 1 +M 2 )Kg working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 1 +M 2 )Kg working fluid boost process 34, (M 2 -M)Kg working fluid boost process 45, (M 2 -M)Kg working fluid Heat release process 56, (M 2 -M) kg working fluid depressurization process 6t, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization process t2, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid exothermic condensation process 4r, M kg working fluid depressurization Process rs, M kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic process r7, M 1 kg working fluid depressurization process 71-a closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to 13 processes consisting of M 1 kilogram and M 2 kilograms of working fluid, separately or jointly-M 1 kilogram of working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 34, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid boost process 45, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid release Thermal process 56, (M 2 -M) kg working fluid pressure reduction process 6t, M 2 kg working fluid pressure reduction process t2, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid pressure increase process 37, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid Exothermic condensation process 7r, M kg working fluid depressurization process rs, M kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic process r8, M 1 kg working fluid depressurization process 81-composition closure process.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to 13 processes consisting of M 1 kilogram and M 2 kilograms of working fluid, separately or jointly-M 1 kilogram of working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid boost process 34, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid heat release process 45, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid drop Pressure process 5t, M 2 kg working fluid pressure reduction process t2, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid endothermic process 36, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid pressure increase process 67, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid Exothermic condensation process 7r, M kg working fluid depressurization process rs, M kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic process r8, M 1 kg working fluid depressurization process 81-composition closure process.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the working fluids composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, which are carried out separately or jointly or partially in 14 processes-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, ( M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid heat absorption process 34, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid boosting process 45, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid exothermic process 56, X kilogram working fluid boosting process 36, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid heat releasing process 67, (M 2 -M) kg working fluid depressurizing Process 7t, M 2 kg working fluid pressure reduction process t2, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid exothermic condensation process 7r, M kg working fluid pressure reduction process rs, M kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 kg Working fluid heat release process r8, M 1 kg working fluid pressure reduction process 81-a closed process of composition
  • Fig. 1/18 is an example diagram of the first principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2/18 is an example diagram of the second principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 3/18 is an example diagram of the third principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 4/18 is an example diagram of the fourth principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 5/18 is an example diagram of the fifth principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 6/18 is an example diagram of the sixth principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 7/18 is an example diagram of the seventh principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 8/18 is an example diagram of the eighth principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 9/18 is an example diagram of the ninth principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 10/18 is an example diagram of the tenth principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 11/18 is an example diagram of the eleventh principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 12/18 is an example diagram of the twelfth principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 13/18 is an example diagram of the thirteenth principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 14/18 is an example diagram of the 14th principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 15/18 is an example diagram of the 15th principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 16/18 is an example diagram of the 16th principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 17/18 is an example diagram of the 17th principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 18/18 is an example diagram of the eighteenth principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • the working medium is carried out——M 1 kg of working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid pressure increasing process 34, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 45, M 2 kg working fluid pressure reduction expansion process 52, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 56, M 1 kg working fluid condensation Liquid pressure reduction process 61-a total of 7 processes.
  • (M 1 +M 2 ) kilograms of working fluid is used for the heat release of the 45 process for the heated medium, or at the same time for the heated medium and the heat demand of the 23 process (regeneration); M The heat release of 1 kg of working fluid for 56 process is mainly used for (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid to complete the 23 process heat demand, or at the same time for the heated medium and (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid to complete the 23 process Heat demand.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption. It is used to obtain low temperature heat load, or part of it is used to obtain low temperature heat load and part is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all is satisfied by regenerative heating.
  • Working medium M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid pressure increasing process 34, M 2 Kilogram working fluid exothermic and cooling process 45, M 2 kilogram working fluid depressurization and expansion process 52, M 1 kg working fluid boosting and heating process 46, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 67, M 1 kg of working fluid condensate pressure reduction process 71-a total of 8 processes.
  • M 2 kg of working fluid carries out the heat release of 45 process
  • M 1 kilogram of working fluid carries out the heat release of 67 process.
  • the high temperature part is generally used for the heated medium
  • the low temperature part is generally used for (M 1 +M 2 )
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption. It is used to obtain low temperature heat load, or part of it is used to obtain low temperature heat load and part is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all is satisfied by regenerative heating.
  • 3Energy conversion process-(M 1 + M 2 ) kilogram of working fluid for 34 processes and M 1 kilogram of working fluid for 46 processes are generally completed by compressors and require mechanical energy; M 2 kilograms of working fluid for 52 processes are performed by expanders Complete and provide mechanical energy.
  • the pressure reduction process of M 1 kg of working fluid 71 can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the pressure-reducing expansion work is less than the pressure boosting work, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse simplex High-quality steam combined cycle.
  • Working medium M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid pressure increasing process 34, M 2 Pressure increasing process of kilogram working fluid 45, M 2 kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 56, M 2 kilogram working fluid depressurizing expansion process 62, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 47, M 1 kg of working fluid condensate pressure reduction process 71-a total of 8 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption. It is used to obtain low temperature heat load, or part of it is used to obtain low temperature heat load and part is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all is satisfied by regenerative heating.
  • M 1 + M 2 2 energy conversion process - (M 1 + M 2) for 34 kg during working medium M 2 kg and 45 for the working fluid from the compressor to complete the process generally requires mechanical energy; M 2 kg working fluid for the expander 62 by the procedure Complete and provide mechanical energy.
  • the pressure reduction process of M 1 kg of working fluid 71 can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the pressure-reducing expansion work is less than the pressure boosting work, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse simplex High-quality steam combined cycle.
  • Working medium M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, M 2 kg working fluid endothermic heating process 34, M 2 kg working fluid boosting Heating process 45, M 2 kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 56, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 62, M 1 kg working fluid boosting and heating process 37, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate Exothermic cooling process 78, M 1 kg of working fluid condensate pressure reduction process 81-a total of 9 processes.
  • M 2 kg of working fluid carries out the heat release of 56 process
  • M 1 kilogram of working fluid carries out the heat release of 78 process.
  • the high temperature part is generally used for the heated medium
  • the low temperature part is generally used for (M 1 + M 2 )
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • M 1 +M 2 the heat demand of M 2 kg working fluid for 34 process can be satisfied by regenerative heating.
  • 3Energy conversion process-M 1 kg of working fluid for 37 processes and M 2 kg of working fluid for 45 processes are generally completed by compressors and require mechanical energy; M 2 kg of working fluid for 62 processes are completed by expanders and provide mechanical energy.
  • the pressure reduction process 81 of M 1 kg working fluid can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the pressure reduction expansion work is less than the pressure boosting work, and the insufficient part (the net cycle power) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle.
  • Working medium M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, M 2 kg working fluid boosting and heating process 34, M 2 kg working fluid exothermic Cooling process 45, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization and expansion process 52, M 1 kg working fluid endothermic heating process 36, M 1 kg working fluid pressure rising process 67, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate Exothermic cooling process 78, M 1 kg of working fluid condensate pressure reduction process 81-a total of 9 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • low-temperature heat load either part of it is used to obtain low-temperature heat load and part is met by regenerative heat, or all is met by regenerative heat; the heat demand for 36 processes with M 1 kg of working fluid can be met by regenerative heat.
  • Working medium M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 -X) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 34, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid boosting process 45, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 56, X kg working fluid boosting process 36, (M 1 + M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 67, M 2 kilogram working fluid depressurization expansion process 72, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 78, M 1 kg working fluid condensate cooling process Pressure process 81-a total of 10 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source;
  • M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption. It is used to obtain low-temperature heat load, or part of it is used to obtain low-temperature heat load and part is satisfied by regenerative heat;
  • M 1 +M 2 -X kilogram of working fluid undergoes 34 processes to absorb heat, which can be used to obtain low-temperature heat load, or partly It is used to obtain the low temperature heat load and is partly satisfied by the regenerative heating, or fully satisfied by the regenerative heating.
  • the working medium is carried out——M 1 kg of working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid pressure increasing process 34, (M 1 + M 2) kg refrigerant heat cooling process 45, M 2 kg refrigerant expansion process down 5a, M 2 kg warmed refrigerant absorbs heat ab, M 2 kg refrigerant expansion process down b2, M 1 kg ENGINEERING The process of heat release and temperature reduction, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 56, M 1 kg of working fluid condensate pressure reduction process 61-a total of 9 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • low-temperature heat load or part of it is used to obtain low-temperature heat load and part is satisfied by regenerative heat, or all is satisfied by regenerative heat; the heat absorption of M 2 kg working fluid in the ab process can be satisfied by regenerative heat, or External heat source to meet.
  • Working medium M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid pressure increasing process 34, M 2 Kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 45, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 5a, M 2 kg working fluid endothermic heating up ab, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization expansion process b2, M 1 kg working fluid boosting and heating process 46, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 67, M 1 kg working fluid condensate pressure reduction process 71-a total of 10 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • low-temperature heat load or part of it is used to obtain low-temperature heat load and part is satisfied by regenerative heat, or all is satisfied by regenerative heat; the heat absorption of M 2 kg working fluid in the ab process can be satisfied by regenerative heat, or External heat source to meet.
  • 3Energy conversion process-(M 1 + M 2 ) kilogram of working fluid for 34 processes and M 1 kilogram of working fluid for 46 processes are generally completed by compressors, requiring mechanical energy; M 2 kilograms of working fluid for 5a, b2 processes are expanded by The depressurization process 71 of M 1 kg of working fluid can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the depressurization expansion work is less than the boosting work consumption, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse Single working substance steam combined cycle.
  • Working medium M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid pressure increasing process 34, M 2 Pressure increasing process of kilogram working fluid 45, M 2 kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 56, M 2 kilogram working fluid depressurizing expansion process 6a, M 2 kilogram working fluid endothermic heating up ab, M 2 kilogram working fluid depressurizing expansion process b2, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 47, M 1 kg working fluid condensate pressure reduction process 71-a total of 10 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • low-temperature heat load or part of it is used to obtain low-temperature heat load and part is satisfied by regenerative heat, or all is satisfied by regenerative heat; the heat absorption of M 2 kg working fluid in the ab process can be satisfied by regenerative heat, or External heat source to meet.
  • 3Energy conversion process-(M 1 + M 2 ) kilogram of working fluid for 34 processes and M 2 kilograms of working fluid for 45 processes are generally completed by compressors, requiring mechanical energy; M 2 kilograms of working fluid for 6a, b2 processes are expanded by The depressurization process 71 of M 1 kg of working fluid can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the depressurization expansion work is less than the boosting work consumption, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse Single working substance steam combined cycle.
  • Working medium M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, M 2 kg working fluid endothermic heating process 34, M 2 kg working fluid boosting Heating process 45, M 2 kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 56, M 2 kg working fluid depressurizing expansion process 6a, M 2 kg working fluid endothermic heating up ab, M 2 kg working fluid depressurizing expansion process b2, M 1 kg Working fluid pressure increasing process 37, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 78, M 1 kg working fluid condensate pressure reduction process 81-a total of 11 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • M 2 kilograms of working fluid for 34 process heat demand can be satisfied by regenerative heat; M 2 The heat absorption of the kilogram working fluid in the ab process is generally satisfied by the heat recovery or by the external heat source.
  • 3Energy conversion process-M 1 kg working fluid for 37 processes and M 2 kg working fluid for 45 processes are generally completed by compressors and require mechanical energy;
  • M 2 kg working fluid for 6a, b2 processes are completed and provided by expanders Mechanical energy,
  • the pressure reduction process of M 1 kg of working fluid 81 can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve;
  • the pressure-reducing expansion work is less than the pressure boosting work, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single-working-substance steam combination cycle.
  • Working medium M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, M 2 kg working fluid boosting and heating process 34, M 2 kg working fluid exothermic Cooling process 45, M 2 kg working fluid depressurizing expansion process 5a, M 2 kg working fluid endothermic heating up ab, M 2 kg working fluid depressurizing expansion process b2, M 1 kg working fluid endothermic heating process 36, M 1 kg Working fluid pressure increasing process 67, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 78, M 1 kg working fluid condensate pressure reduction process 81-a total of 11 processes.
  • M 2 kg of working fluid carries out the heat release of 45 process
  • M 1 kilogram of working fluid carries out the heat release of 78 process.
  • the high temperature part is generally used for the heated medium
  • the low temperature part is generally used for (M 1 +M 2) 23 kg process for working medium, M 1 kg working fluid and process for 36 working medium M 2 kg ab heat demand process.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • low-temperature heat load or part of it is used to obtain low-temperature heat load and part of it is met by regenerative heat, or all is met by regenerative heat; the heat demand of 36 processes with M 1 kg of working fluid can be met by regenerative heat;
  • M 2 The heat absorption of the kilogram working fluid in the ab process is generally satisfied by the heat recovery or by the external heat source.
  • 3Energy conversion process-M 1 kg working fluid for 67 processes and M 2 kg working fluid for 34 processes are generally completed by compressors and require mechanical energy;
  • M 2 kg working fluid for 5a, b2 processes are completed and provided by expanders Mechanical energy,
  • the pressure reduction process of M 1 kg of working fluid 81 can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve;
  • the pressure-reducing expansion work is less than the pressure boosting work, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single-working-substance steam combination cycle.
  • Working medium M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 -X) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 34, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid boosting process 45, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 56, X kg working fluid boosting process 36, (M 1 + M 2 ) kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 67, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization expansion process 7a, M 2 kg working fluid endothermic heating up ab, M 2 kg working fluid decompression expansion process b2, M 1 kg working fluid release Thermal cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 78, M 1 kg working fluid condensate pressure reduction process 81-a total of 12 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the pressure-reducing expansion work is less than the pressure boosting work, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse Single working substance steam combined cycle.
  • the working medium is carried out——M 1 kg of working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid pressure increasing process 34, (M 1 + M 2) kg refrigerant heat cooling process 45, (M 2 -M) kg refrigerant expansion process down 5t, M 2 kg refrigerant expansion process down t2, (M 1 + M) working medium discharge kg Thermal cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 5r, M kg working fluid pressure reduction process rs, M kg working fluid heat absorption, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 kg working fluid condensate cooling process r6, M 1 Pressure reduction process of kilograms of working fluid condensate 61-a total of 11 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • the heat absorption of the M kg working fluid in the st process is generally satisfied by the regenerative heat.
  • 3Energy conversion process-(M 1 + M 2 ) kilogram of working fluid for 34 process is generally completed by compressors, requiring mechanical energy; (M 2 -M) kilogram of working fluid depressurization and expansion process 5t and M 2 kg of working fluid drop
  • the pressure expansion process t2 is completed by the expander and provides mechanical energy.
  • the M kg working medium is used for the rs process and the M 1 kg working medium is used for the 61 process.
  • the process can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; Part (the net power of the cycle) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single working substance steam combined cycle.
  • the working medium is carried out——M 1 kg of working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid pressure increasing process 34, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 45, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid depressurizing expansion process 5t, M 2 kg working fluid depressurizing expansion process t2, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid boosting Heating process 46, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 6r, M kg working fluid pressure reduction process rs, M kg working fluid endothermic, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 kg of working fluid condensate exothermic cooling process r7, M 1 kg of working fluid condensate pressure reduction process 71-a total of 12 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • the heat absorption of the M kg working fluid in the st process is generally satisfied by the regenerative heat.
  • 3Energy conversion process-(M 1 +M 2 ) kilogram of working fluid for 34 processes and (M 1 +M) kilogram of working fluid for 46 processes are generally completed by compressors, which require mechanical energy; (M 2 -M) kilograms of work
  • the depressurization and expansion process of 5t and M 2 kg of working fluid are completed by the expander and provide mechanical energy.
  • the M kg of working fluid is used for the rs process and the M 1 kg of working fluid is used for the depressurization process 71 by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the work done by step-down expansion is less than the work consumed by step-up, and the insufficient part (net cycle power) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle.
  • the working medium is carried out——M 1 kg of working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid pressure increasing process 34, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid pressure increasing process 45, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 56, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid pressure reduction and expansion process 6t, M 2 kg working fluid pressure reduction Expansion process t2, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 4r, M kg working fluid pressure reduction process rs, M kg working fluid heat absorption, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 kg of working fluid condensate exothermic cooling process r7, M 1 kg of working fluid condensate pressure reduction process 71-a total of 12 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • the heat absorption of the M kg working fluid in the st process is generally satisfied by the regenerative heat.
  • 3Energy conversion process-(M 1 +M 2 ) kilogram of working fluid for 34 processes and (M 2 -M) kilogram of working fluid for 45 processes are generally completed by compressors, which require mechanical energy; (M 2 -M) kilograms of work
  • the pressure-reducing expansion process 6t and the M 2 kg working fluid pressure-reducing expansion process t2 are completed by the expander and provide mechanical energy.
  • the M kg working fluid is used for the rs process and the M 1 kg working fluid is used for the pressure reduction process 71 by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the work done by step-down expansion is less than the work consumed by step-up, and the insufficient part (net cycle power) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle.
  • Working medium is carried out-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 2 -M) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 34, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid pressure increasing process 45, (M 2 -M) kilogram working fluid heat release process 56, (M 2 -M) kilogram working fluid depressurizing expansion process 6t, M 2 kilogram working fluid depressurizing expansion Process t2, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid pressure increasing process 37, (M 1 +M) kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate exothermic cooling process 7r, M kg working fluid pressure reducing process rs, M kg refrigerant absorbs heat, vaporization and superheating process st, M 1 kg refrigerant condensate heat cooling process r8, M 1 kg refrigerant condensate of 13 81-- depressurization process.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source;
  • (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • the heat absorption of the M kg working fluid for the st process is generally satisfied by the heat recovery.
  • 3Energy conversion process-(M 1 +M) kilogram of working fluid for 37 processes and (M 2 -M) kilogram of working fluid for 45 processes are generally completed by compressors, requiring mechanical energy; (M 2 -M) kilograms of working fluid
  • the pressure-reducing expansion process 6t and the M 2 kg working fluid pressure-reducing expansion process t2 are completed by the expander and provide mechanical energy.
  • the M kg working fluid is used for the rs process and the M 1 kg working fluid is used for the pressure reduction process 81 by a turbine or a throttle Completed; the work done by the step-down expansion is less than the work consumed by the step-up, and the insufficient part (the net cycle power) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse single working substance steam combined cycle.
  • Working medium is carried out-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 2 -M) kg working fluid pressure rising process 34, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 45, (M 2 -M) Kilogram working fluid pressure reduction and expansion process 5t, M 2 kg working fluid pressure reduction and expansion process t2, (M 1 +M) Kilogram working fluid endothermic heating Process 36, (M 1 +M) kg of working fluid boosting and heating process 67, (M 1 +M) kg of working fluid exothermic and cooling, liquefaction and condensate exothermic cooling process 7r, M kg of working fluid pressure reduction process rs, M kg refrigerant absorbs heat, vaporization and superheating process st, M 1 kg refrigerant condensate heat cooling process r8, M 1 kg refrigerant condensate of 13 81-- depressurization process.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source;
  • (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • (M 1 +M) kilograms of working fluid for 36 process heat demand can be obtained by regenerative heat Satisfied;
  • the heat absorption of M kg of working fluid in the st process is generally satisfied by heat recovery.
  • 3Energy conversion process-(M 1 +M) kilogram of working fluid for 67 processes and (M 2 -M) kilogram of working fluid for 34 processes are generally completed by compressors, requiring mechanical energy; (M 2 -M) kilograms of working fluid
  • the pressure-reducing expansion process 5t and M 2 kilogram working fluid pressure-reducing expansion process t2 are completed by the expander and provide mechanical energy.
  • the M kilogram working medium performs the rs process and the M 1 kilogram working medium pressure-reducing process 81 can be performed by a turbine or a throttle valve. Completed; the work done by the step-down expansion is less than the work consumed by the step-up, and the insufficient part (the net cycle power) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse single working substance steam combined cycle.
  • Working medium M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 -X) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 34, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid boosting process 45, (M 1 +M 2 -X) Kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 56, X kg working fluid boosting process 36, (M 1 + M 2) kg refrigerant heat cooling process 67, (M 2 -M) kg refrigerant expansion process down 7t, M 2 kg refrigerant expansion process down t2, (M 1 + M) cooling heat refrigerant kg , Liquefaction and condensate exothermic cooling process 7r, M kg working fluid pressure reduction process rs, M kg working fluid endothermic, vaporization and superheating process st, M 1 kg working fluid condensate exothermic cooling process r8, M 1 kg working fluid Condensate pressure reduction process 81-a total of 14 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid is used for 12 processes to obtain low temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low temperature heat source; (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working fluid is used for 23 processes of heat absorption.
  • the pressure expansion process 7t and the M 2 kg working fluid pressure reduction expansion process t2 are completed by the expander and provide mechanical energy.
  • the M kg working fluid for the rs process and the M 1 kg working fluid for the 81 process can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve;
  • the pressure expansion work is less than the pressure boosting work consumption, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse single working substance steam combined cycle.
  • a single working fluid is conducive to production and storage; reduces operating costs and improves the flexibility of cycle adjustment
  • the working fluid has a wide application range, can well adapt to the energy supply demand, and the working fluid and working parameters can be matched flexibly.

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Abstract

逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，属于热力学、制冷与热泵技术领域。逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的七个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程（12），（M 1+M 2）千克工质吸热过程（23），（M 1+M 2）千克工质升压过程（34），（M 1+M 2）千克工质放热过程（45），M 2千克工质降压过程（52），M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程（56），M 1千克工质降压过程（61）——组成的闭合过程。

Description

逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环 技术领域：
本发明属于热力学、制冷与热泵技术领域。
背景技术：
冷需求、热需求和动力需求，为人类生活与生产当中所常见；其中，利用机械能转换为热能是实现制冷和高效供热的重要方式。一般情况下，制冷时冷却介质的温度是变化的，制热时被加热介质的温度往往也是变化的；利用机械能制热时，很多时候被加热介质同时具有变温和高温双重特点，这使得采用单一热力循环理论实现制冷或供热时性能指数不合理；这些存在的问题是——性能指数不合理，供热参数不高，压缩比较高，工作压力太大。
从基础理论看，长久以来存在重大不足：(1)采用逆向朗肯循环为理论基础的蒸汽压缩式制冷或热泵循环，放热主要依靠冷凝过程，导致放热时工质与被加热介质之间温差损失大；同时，冷凝液的降压过程损失较大或利用代价高；采用超临界工况时，压缩比较高，使得压缩机的制造代价大，安全性降低等。(2)采用逆向布雷顿循环为理论基础的气体压缩式制冷或热泵循环，要求压缩比较低，这限制了供热参数的提高；同时，低温过程是变温的，这使得制冷或制热时低温环节往往存在较大的温差损失，性能指数不理想。
在热科学基础理论体系中，热力循环的创建及发展应用将对能源利用的飞跃起到重大作用，将积极推动社会进步和生产力发展；其中，逆向热力循环是机械能制冷或制热利用装置的理论基础，也是相关能源利用系统的核心。针对长久以来存在的问题，从简单、主动和高效地利用机械能进行制冷或制热的原则出发，力求为制冷或热泵装置的简单、主动和高效提供基本理论支撑，本发明提出了逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
发明内容：
本发明主要目的是要提供逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，具体发明内容分项阐述如下：
1.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的七个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程45，M 2千克工质降压过程52，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程56，M 1千克工质降压过程61——组成的闭合过程。
2.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的八个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，M 2千克工质放热过程45，M 2千克工质降压过程52，M 1千克工质升压过程46，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程67，M 1千克工质降压过程71——组成的闭合过程。
3.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的八个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，M 2千克工质升压过程45，M 2千克工质放热过程56，M 2千克工质降压过程62，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程47，M 1千克工质降压过程71——组成的闭合过程。
4.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行 的九个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，M 2千克工质吸热过程34，M 2千克工质升压过程45，M 2千克工质放热过程56，M 2千克工质降压过程62，M 1千克工质升压过程37，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
5.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的九个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，M 2千克工质升压过程34，M 2千克工质放热过程45，M 2千克工质降压过程52，M 1千克工质吸热过程36，M 1千克工质升压过程67，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
6.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同或部分进行的十个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质吸热过程34，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质升压过程45，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质放热过程56，X千克工质升压过程36，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程67，M 2千克工质降压过程72，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
7.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的九个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程45，M 2千克工质降压过程5a，M 2千克工质吸热过程ab，M 2千克工质降压过程b2，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程56，M 1千克工质降压过程61——组成的闭合过程。
8.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，M 2千克工质放热过程45，M 2千克工质降压过程5a，M 2千克工质吸热过程ab，M 2千克工质降压过程b2，M 1千克工质升压过程46，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程67，M 1千克工质降压过程71——组成的闭合过程。
9.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，M 2千克工质升压过程45，M 2千克工质放热过程56，M 2千克工质降压过程6a，M 2千克工质吸热过程ab，M 2千克工质降压过程b2，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程47，M 1千克工质降压过程71——组成的闭合过程。
10.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十一个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，M 2千克工质吸热过程34，M 2千克工质升压过程45，M 2千克工质放热过程56，M 2千克工质降压过程6a，M 2千克工质吸热过程ab，M 2千克工质降压过程b2，M 1千克工质升压过程37，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
11.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十一个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，M 2千克工质升压过程34，M 2千克工质放热过程45，M 2千克工质降压过程5a，M 2千克工质 吸热过程ab，M 2千克工质降压过程b2，M 1千克工质吸热过程36，M 1千克工质升压过程67，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
12.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同或部分进行的十二个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质吸热过程34，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质升压过程45，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质放热过程56，X千克工质升压过程36，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程67，M 2千克工质降压过程7a，M 2千克工质吸热过程ab，M 2千克工质降压过程b2，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
13.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十一个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质降压过程5t，M 2千克工质降压过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质放热冷凝过程5r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热汽化过程st，M 1千克工质放热过程r6，M 1千克工质降压过程61——组成的闭合过程。
14.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十二个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 2-M)千克工质放热过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质降压过程5t，M 2千克工质降压过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质升压过程46，(M 1+M)千克工质放热冷凝过程6r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热汽化过程st，M 1千克工质放热过程 r7，M 1千克工质降压过程71——组成的闭合过程。
15.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十二个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 2-M)千克工质升压过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质放热过程56，(M 2-M)千克工质降压过程6t，M 2千克工质降压过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质放热冷凝过程4r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热汽化过程st，M 1千克工质放热过程r7，M 1千克工质降压过程71——组成的闭合过程。
16.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十三个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 2-M)千克工质吸热过程34，(M 2-M)千克工质升压过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质放热过程56，(M 2-M)千克工质降压过程6t，M 2千克工质降压过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质升压过程37，(M 1+M)千克工质放热冷凝过程7r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热汽化过程st，M 1千克工质放热过程r8，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
17.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十三个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 2-M)千克工质升压过程34，(M 2-M)千克工质放热过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质降压过程5t，M 2千克工质降压过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质吸热过程36，(M 1+M)千克工质升压过程67，(M 1+M)千克工质放热冷凝过程7r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千 克工质吸热汽化过程st，M 1千克工质放热过程r8，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
18.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同或部分进行的十四个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质吸热过程34，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质升压过程45，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质放热过程56，X千克工质升压过程36，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程67，(M 2-M)千克工质降压过程7t，M 2千克工质降压过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质放热冷凝过程7r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热汽化过程st，M 1千克工质放热过程r8，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
附图说明：
图1/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第1种原则性流程示例图。
图2/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第2种原则性流程示例图。
图3/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第3种原则性流程示例图。
图4/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第4种原则性流程示例图。
图5/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第5种原则性流程示例图。
图6/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第6种原则性流程示例图。
图7/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第7种原则性流程示例图。
图8/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第8种原则性流程示例图。
图9/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第9种原则性流程示例图。
图10/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第10种原则性流程示例图。
图11/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第11种原则性流程示例图。
图12/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第12种原则性流程示例图。
图13/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第13种原则性流程示例图。
图14/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第14种原则性流程示例图。
图15/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第15种原则性流程示例图。
图16/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第16种原则性流程示例图。
图17/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第17种原则性流程示例图。
图18/18是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第18种原则性流程示例图。
具体实施方式：
首先要说明的是，在流程的表述上，非必要情况下不重复进行，对显而易见的流程不作表述；下面结合附图和实例详细描述本发明。
图1/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热降温过程45，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程52，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程56，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程61——共7个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——一般地，(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行45过程的放热用于被加热介质，或者同时用于被加热介质和23过程的热需求(回热)；M 1千克工质进行56过程的放热主要用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质完成23过程热需求，或者同时用于被加热介质和(M 1+M 2)千克工质完成23过程热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行52过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质进行61过程可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图2/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，M 2千克工质放热降温过程45，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程52，M 1千克工质升压升温过程46，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程67，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程71——共8个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——一般地，M 2千克工质进行45过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行67过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34过程和M 1千克工质进行46过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行52过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质的降压过程71可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图3/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，M 2千克工质升压升温过程45，M 2千克工质放热降温过程56，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程62，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程47，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程71——共8个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——一般地，M 2千克工质进行56过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行47过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34过程和M 2千克工质进行45过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行62过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质的降压过程71可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图4/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，M 2千克工质吸热升温过程34，M 2千克工质升压升温过程45，M 2千克工质放热降温过程56，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程62，M 1千克工质升压升温过程37，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程78，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程81——共9个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——一般地，M 2千克工质进行56过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行78过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程和M 2千克工质进行34过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；M 2千克工质进行34过程的热需求，可由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——M 1千克工质进行37过程和M 2千克工质进行45过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行62过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质的降压过程81可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图5/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，M 2千克工质升压升温过程34，M 2千克工质放热降温过程45，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程52，M 1千克工质吸热升温过程36，M 1千克工质升压升温过程67，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程78，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程81——共9个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——M 2千克工质进行45过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行78过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程和M 1千克工质进行36过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；M 1千克工质进行 36过程的热需求，可由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——M 1千克工质进行67过程和M 2千克工质进行34过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行52过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质的降压过程81可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图6/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质吸热升温过程34，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质升压升温过程45，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质放热降温过程56，X千克工质升压升温过程36，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热降温过程67，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程72，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程78，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程81——共10个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质进行56过程的放热，(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行67过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行78过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程和(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质进行34过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足；(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质进行34过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质进行45过程和X千克工质进行36过程，一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行72过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质进行81过程可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图7/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热降温过程45，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程5a，M 2千克工质吸热升温ab，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程b2，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程56，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程61——共9个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——一般地，(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行45过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行56过程的放热，高温部分用于被加热介质，低温部分用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程、M 2千克工质进行ab过程的热需求(回热)。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或 低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；M 2千克工质进行ab过程的吸热，可由回热来满足，或者由外部热源来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行5a、b2过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质进行61过程可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图8/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，M 2千克工质放热降温过程45，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程5a，M 2千克工质吸热升温ab，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程b2，M 1千克工质升压升温过程46，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程67，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程71——共10个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——M 2千克工质进行45过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行67过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于M 2千克工质进行ab过程和(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；M 2千克工质进行ab过程的吸热，可由回热来满足，或者由外部热源来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34过程和M 1千克工质进行46过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行5a、b2过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质的降压过程71可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图9/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，M 2千克工质升压升温过程45，M 2千克工质放热降温过程56，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程6a，M 2千克工质吸热升温ab，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程b2，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程47，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程71——共10个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——M 2千克工质进行56过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行47过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于M 2千克工质进行ab过程和(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或 低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；M 2千克工质进行ab过程的吸热，可由回热来满足，或者由外部热源来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34过程和M 2千克工质进行45过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行6a、b2过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质的降压过程71可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图10/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，M 2千克工质吸热升温过程34，M 2千克工质升压升温过程45，M 2千克工质放热降温过程56，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程6a，M 2千克工质吸热升温ab，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程b2，M 1千克工质升压升温过程37，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程78，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程81——共11个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——M 2千克工质进行56过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行78过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程和M 2千克工质进行34、ab两过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；M 2千克工质进行34过程的热需求，可由回热来满足；M 2千克工质进行ab过程的吸热，一般由回热来满足，或者由外部热源来满足。
③能量转换过程——M 1千克工质进行37过程和M 2千克工质进行45过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行6a、b2过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质的降压过程81可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图11/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，M 2千克工质升压升温过程34，M 2千克工质放热降温过程45，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程5a，M 2千克工质吸热升温ab，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程b2，M 1千克工质吸热升温过程36，M 1千克工质升压升温过程67，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程78，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程81——共11个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——M 2千克工质进行45过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行78过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程、M 1千克工质进行36过程和M 2千克工质进行ab过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；M 1千克工质进行36过程的热需求，可由回热来满足；M 2千克工质进行ab过程的吸热，一般由回热来满足，或者由外部热源来满足。
③能量转换过程——M 1千克工质进行67过程和M 2千克工质进行34过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行5a、b2过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质的降压过程81可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图12/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质吸热升温过程34，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质升压升温过程45，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质放热降温过程56，X千克工质升压升温过程36，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热降温过程67，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程7a，M 2千克工质吸热升温ab，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程b2，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程78，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程81——共12个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质进行56过程的放热，(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行67过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行78过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程、(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质进行34过程和M 2千克工质进行ab过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质进行34过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；M 2千克工质进行ab过程的吸热，可由回热来满足，或者由外部热源来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质进行45过程和X千克工质进行36过程，一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行7a、b2过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质进行81过程可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图13/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热降温过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质降压膨胀过程5t，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程5r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热、汽化和过热 过程st，M 1千克工质冷凝液放热降温过程r6，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程61——共11个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行45过程的放热，(M 1+M)千克工质进行5r过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质冷凝液进行r6过程的放热，其高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程和M千克工质进行st过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；M千克工质进行st过程的吸热，一般由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；(M 2-M)千克工质降压膨胀过程5t和M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程t2由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M千克工质进行rs过程和M 1千克工质进行61过程可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图14/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，(M 2-M)千克工质放热降温过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质降压膨胀过程5t，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质升压升温过程46，(M 1+M)千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程6r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热、汽化和过热过程st，M 1千克工质冷凝液放热降温过程r7，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程71——共12个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——(M 2-M)千克工质进行45过程的放热，以及(M 1+M)千克工质进行6r过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程和M千克工质进行st过程的热需求；M 1千克工质冷凝液进行r7过程的放热，一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程低温段的加热。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；M千克工质进行st过程的吸热，一般由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34过程和(M 1+M)千克工质进行46过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；(M 2-M)千克工质降压膨胀过程5t和M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程t2由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M千克工质进行rs过程和M 1千克工质的降压过程71可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图15/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，(M 2-M)千克工质升压升温过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质放热降温过程56，(M 2-M)千克工质降压膨胀过程6t，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程4r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热、汽化和过热过程st，M 1千克工质冷凝液放热降温过程r7，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程71——共12个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——(M 2-M)千克工质进行56过程的放热，(M 1+M)千克工质进行4r过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质冷凝液进行r7过程的放热，其高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程和M千克工质进行st过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；M千克工质进行st过程的吸热，一般由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34过程和(M 2-M)千克工质进行45过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；(M 2-M)千克工质降压膨胀过程6t和M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程t2由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M千克工质进行rs过程和M 1千克工质的降压过程71可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图16/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 2-M)千克工质吸热升温过程34，(M 2-M)千克工质升压升温过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质放热降温过程56，(M 2-M)千克工质降压膨胀过程6t，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质升压升温过程37，(M 1+M)千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程7r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热、汽化和过热过程st，M 1千克工质冷凝液放热降温过程r8，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程81——共13个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——(M 2-M)千克工质进行56过程的放热，(M 1+M)千克工质进行7r过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质冷凝液进行r8过程的放热，其高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程、(M 2-M)千克工质进行34过程和M千克工质进行st过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；(M 2-M)千克 工质进行34过程的热需求，一般由回热来满足；M千克工质进行st过程的吸热，一般由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M)千克工质进行37过程和(M 2-M)千克工质进行45过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；(M 2-M)千克工质降压膨胀过程6t和M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程t2由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M千克工质进行rs过程和M 1千克工质的降压过程81可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图17/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 2-M)千克工质升压升温过程34，(M 2-M)千克工质放热降温过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质降压膨胀过程5t，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质吸热升温过程36，(M 1+M)千克工质升压升温过程67，(M 1+M)千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程7r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热、汽化和过热过程st，M 1千克工质冷凝液放热降温过程r8，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程81——共13个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——(M 2-M)千克工质进行45过程的放热，(M 1+M)千克工质进行7r过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质冷凝液进行r8过程的放热，其高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程、(M 1+M)千克工质进行36过程和M千克工质进行st过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；(M 1+M)千克工质进行36过程的热需求，可由回热来满足；M千克工质进行st过程的吸热，一般由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M)千克工质进行67过程和(M 2-M)千克工质进行34过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；(M 2-M)千克工质降压膨胀过程5t和M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程t2由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M千克工质进行rs过程和M 1千克工质的降压过程81可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图18/18所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质吸热升温过程34，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质升压升温过程45，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质放热降温过程56，X千克工质升压升温过程36，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热降温过程67，(M 2-M)千克工质降压膨胀过程7t，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程7r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热、汽化和过热过程st，M 1千克工质冷凝液放热降温过程r8，M 1千克 工质冷凝液降压过程81——共14个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质进行56过程的放热，(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行67过程的放热，(M 1+M)千克工质进行7r过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质冷凝液进行r8过程的放热，其高温部分一般用于被加热介质，低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程、(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质进行34过程和M千克工质进行st过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质进行34过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；M千克工质进行st过程的吸热，可由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质进行45过程和X千克工质进行36过程，一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；(M 2-M)千克工质降压膨胀过程7t和M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程t2由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M千克工质进行rs过程和M 1千克工质进行81过程可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
本发明技术可以实现的效果——本发明所提出的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，具有如下效果和优势：
(1)创建机械能制冷与制热利用(能差利用)基础理论。
(2)消除或较大幅度减少相变放热过程的热负荷，相对增加高温段放热负荷，实现逆向循环性能指数合理化。
(3)工质参数范围得到大幅度扩展，实现高效高温供热。
(4)为降低工作压力和提高装置安全性提供理论基础。
(5)降低循环压缩比，为核心设备的选取和制造提供方便。
(6)方法简单，流程合理，适用性好，是实现能差有效利用的共性技术。
(7)单一工质，有利于生产和储存；降低运行成本，提高循环调节的灵活性
(8)过程共用，减少过程，为减少设备投资提供理论基础。
(9)在高温区或变温区，有利于降低放热环节的温差传热损失，提高性能指数。
(10)在高温供热区采取低压运行方式，缓解或解决传统制冷与热泵装置中性能指数、循环介质参数与管材耐压耐温性能之间的矛盾。
(11)在实现高性能指数前提下，可选择低压运行，为提高装置运行安全性提供理论支撑。
(12)工质适用范围广，能够很好地适应供能需求，工质与工作参数之间匹配灵活。
(13)扩展了机械能进行冷热高效利用的热力循环范围，有利于更好地实现机械能在制冷、高温供热和变温供热领域的高效利用。

Claims (18)

  1. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的七个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程45，M 2千克工质降压过程52，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程56，M 1千克工质降压过程61——组成的闭合过程。
  2. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的八个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，M 2千克工质放热过程45，M 2千克工质降压过程52，M 1千克工质升压过程46，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程67，M 1千克工质降压过程71——组成的闭合过程。
  3. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的八个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，M 2千克工质升压过程45，M 2千克工质放热过程56，M 2千克工质降压过程62，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程47，M 1千克工质降压过程71——组成的闭合过程。
  4. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的九个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，M 2千克工质吸热过程34，M 2千克工质升压过程45，M 2千克工质放热过程56，M 2千克工质降压过程62，M 1千克工质升压过程37，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
  5. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的九个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，M 2千克工质升压过程34，M 2千克工质放热过程45，M 2千克工质降压过程52，M 1千克工质吸热过程36，M 1千克工质升压过程67，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
  6. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同或部分进行的十个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质吸热过程34，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质升压过程45，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质放热过程56，X千克工质升压过程36，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程67，M 2千克工质降压过程72，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
  7. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的九个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程45，M 2千克工质降压过程5a，M 2千克工质吸热过程ab，M 2千克工质降压过程b2，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程56，M 1千克工质降压过程61——组成的闭合过程。
  8. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，M 2千克工质放热过程45，M 2千克工质降压过程5a，M 2千克工质 吸热过程ab，M 2千克工质降压过程b2，M 1千克工质升压过程46，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程67，M 1千克工质降压过程71——组成的闭合过程。
  9. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，M 2千克工质升压过程45，M 2千克工质放热过程56，M 2千克工质降压过程6a，M 2千克工质吸热过程ab，M 2千克工质降压过程b2，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程47，M 1千克工质降压过程71——组成的闭合过程。
  10. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十一个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，M 2千克工质吸热过程34，M 2千克工质升压过程45，M 2千克工质放热过程56，M 2千克工质降压过程6a，M 2千克工质吸热过程ab，M 2千克工质降压过程b2，M 1千克工质升压过程37，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
  11. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十一个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，M 2千克工质升压过程34，M 2千克工质放热过程45，M 2千克工质降压过程5a，M 2千克工质吸热过程ab，M 2千克工质降压过程b2，M 1千克工质吸热过程36，M 1千克工质升压过程67，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
  12. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同或部分进行的十二个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质吸热过程34，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质升压过程45，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质放热过程56，X千克工质升压过程36，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程67，M 2千克工质降压过程7a，M 2千克工质吸热过程ab，M 2千克工质降压过程b2，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
  13. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十一个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质降压过程5t，M 2千克工质降压过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质放热冷凝过程5r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热汽化过程st，M 1千克工质放热过程r6，M 1千克工质降压过程61——组成的闭合过程。
  14. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十二个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 2-M)千克工质放热过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质降压过程5t，M 2千克工质降压过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质升压过程46，(M 1+M)千克工质放热冷凝过程6r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热汽化过程st，M 1千克工质放热过程r7，M 1千克工质降压过程71——组成的闭合过程。
  15. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十二个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23， (M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 2-M)千克工质升压过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质放热过程56，(M 2-M)千克工质降压过程6t，M 2千克工质降压过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质放热冷凝过程4r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热汽化过程st，M 1千克工质放热过程r7，M 1千克工质降压过程71——组成的闭合过程。
  16. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十三个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 2-M)千克工质吸热过程34，(M 2-M)千克工质升压过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质放热过程56，(M 2-M)千克工质降压过程6t，M 2千克工质降压过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质升压过程37，(M 1+M)千克工质放热冷凝过程7r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热汽化过程st，M 1千克工质放热过程r8，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
  17. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十三个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 2-M)千克工质升压过程34，(M 2-M)千克工质放热过程45，(M 2-M)千克工质降压过程5t，M 2千克工质降压过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质吸热过程36，(M 1+M)千克工质升压过程67，(M 1+M)千克工质放热冷凝过程7r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热汽化过程st，M 1千克工质放热过程r8，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
  18. 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同或部分进行的十四个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质吸热过程34，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质升压过程45，(M 1+M 2-X)千克工质放热过程56，X千克工质升压过程36，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程67，(M 2-M)千克工质降压过程7t，M 2千克工质降压过程t2，(M 1+M)千克工质放热冷凝过程7r，M千克工质降压过程rs，M千克工质吸热汽化过程st，M 1千克工质放热过程r8，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
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