US20220316766A1 - Reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle - Google Patents

Reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle Download PDF

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US20220316766A1
US20220316766A1 US17/618,775 US202017618775A US2022316766A1 US 20220316766 A1 US20220316766 A1 US 20220316766A1 US 202017618775 A US202017618775 A US 202017618775A US 2022316766 A1 US2022316766 A1 US 2022316766A1
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working medium
state
heat
medium
working
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Huayu Li
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/44—Use of steam for feed-water heating and another purpose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
    • F01K25/065—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids with an absorption fluid remaining at least partly in the liquid state, e.g. water for ammonia

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the flied of thermodynamics, refrigeration and heat pump.
  • Cold demand, heat demand and power demand are common in human life and production.
  • the conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy is an important way to realize refrigeration and heating.
  • the temperature of the refrigerated medium changes during the refrigeration process, and the temperature of the heated medium also changes during the heating process.
  • the heated medium often has the dual characteristics of variable temperature and high temperature at the same time, which makes the performance unsatisfactory when only using one single thermodynamic cycle to realize refrigeration or heating.
  • the problems include the unreasonable coefficient of performance, low heating parameters, high pressure ratio and high operating pressure.
  • thermodynamic cycles i.e., refrigeration/heat pump cycles
  • refversed thermodynamic cycles are the theoretical basis of mechanical-energy-driven refrigeration or heating devices, and they are also the core of the corresponding energy utilization systems.
  • the present invention proposes a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is mainly provided in the present invention, and the specific contents of the present invention are as follows:
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of seven processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (1) of the M 1 kg of working medium.
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of eight processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (6) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (1) of the
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of eight processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (4) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (1) of the
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of nine processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M 1 kg of working
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of nine processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (6) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M 1 kg of working
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of ten processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (6) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M 1 +M 2
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of nine processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of ten processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of ten processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of eleven processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (2) of the
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of eleven processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (6) of the
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of twelve processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (6) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M 1 +M 2
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of eleven processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (t) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (5) to (r) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of twelve processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (t) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (6) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of twelve processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (t) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of thirteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (t) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of thirteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (t) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (2) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (6) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing
  • a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fourteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (6) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M 1 +M 2
  • FIG. 1 is a type 1 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a type 2 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a type 3 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a type 4 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a type 5 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a type 6 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a type 7 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a type 8 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a type 9 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a type 10 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a type 11 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a type 12 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a type 13 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a type 14 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a type 15 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a type 16 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a type 17 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a type 18 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 1 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts seven processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4 - 5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 5 - 6 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
  • the heat released in the process 4 - 5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium is used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, or to satisfy the heat demands of both the heated medium and the process 2 - 3 (regeneration).
  • the heat released in the process 5 - 6 of the M 1 kg of working medium is mainly used to satisfy the heat demand of the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, or to satisfy the heat demands of both the heated medium and the process 2 - 3 .
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium is generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
  • the process 5 - 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
  • the process 6 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the working medium conducts eight processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4 - 5 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4 - 6 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 6 - 7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the process 4 - 6 of the M 1 kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 5 - 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
  • the process 7 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the working medium conducts eight processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4 - 5 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5 - 6 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6 - 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 4 - 7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the process 4 - 5 of the M 2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 6 - 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
  • the process 7 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the working medium conducts nine processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3 - 4 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4 - 5 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5 - 6 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6 - 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7 - 8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat demand of the M 2 kg of working medium in process 3 - 4 can be met by the regeneration.
  • the process 3 - 7 of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 4 - 5 of the M 2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 6 - 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
  • the process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the working medium conducts nine processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 4 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4 - 5 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3 - 6 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 6 - 7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7 - 8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat demand of the M 1 kg of working medium in process 3 - 6 can be met by the regeneration.
  • the process 6 - 7 of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 3 - 4 of the M 2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 5 - 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
  • the process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the working medium conducts ten processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4 - 5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5 - 6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 6 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6 - 7 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7 - 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7 - 8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the process 4 - 5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and the process 3 - 6 of the X kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 7 - 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
  • the process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 7 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts nine processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4 - 5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 5 - 6 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
  • the process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium is generally completed by the compressor and requires mechanical energy.
  • the process 5 - a and process b- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
  • the process 6 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 8 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts ten processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4 - 5 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4 - 6 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 6 - 7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
  • the process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the process 4 - 6 of the M 1 kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 5 - a and process b- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
  • the process 7 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the working medium conducts ten processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4 - 5 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5 - 6 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 4 - 7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
  • the process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the process 4 - 5 of the M 2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 6 - a and process b- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
  • the process 7 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the working medium conducts eleven processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3 - 4 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4 - 5 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5 - 6 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7 - 8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 3 - 4 of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
  • the process 3 - 7 of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 4 - 5 of the M 2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 6 - a and process b- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
  • the process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the working medium conducts eleven processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 4 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4 - 5 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3 - 6 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 6 - 7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7 - 8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 3 - 6 of the M 1 kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
  • the process 6 - 7 of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 3 - 4 of the M 2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 5 - a and process b- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
  • the process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 12 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts twelve processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4 - 5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5 - 6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 6 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6 - 7 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
  • the process 4 - 5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and the process 3 - 6 of the X kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 7 - a and process b- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
  • the process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the working medium conducts eleven processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4 - 5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 5 - r of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization process s-t of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process r- 6 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6 - 1 of
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
  • the process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium is generally completed by the compressor and requires mechanical energy.
  • the process 5 - t of the (M 1 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process t- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium are completed by the expander and provides mechanical energy.
  • the process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process 6 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium are completed by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 14 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts twelve processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4 - 5 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4 - 6 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 6 - r of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization process s-t of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process r-
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorption in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
  • the process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the process 4 - 6 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 5 - t of the (M 1 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process t- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium are completed by the expander and provides mechanical energy.
  • the process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process 7 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium are completed by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 15 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts twelve processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4 - 5 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5 - 6 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6 - t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 4 - r of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization process s-t of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process r
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
  • the process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the process 4 - 5 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 6 - t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process t- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium are completed by the expander and provides mechanical energy.
  • the process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process 7 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium are completed by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 16 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts thirteen processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3 - 4 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4 - 5 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5 - 6 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6 - t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 7 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7 - r of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 3 - 4 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
  • the process 3 - 7 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium and the process 4 - 5 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 6 - t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process t- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium are completed by the expander and provides mechanical energy.
  • the process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium are completed by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 17 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts thirteen processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4 - 5 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3 - 6 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 6 - 7 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7 - r of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 3 - 6 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
  • the process 6 - 7 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium and the process 3 - 4 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 5 - t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process t- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium are completed by the expander and provides mechanical energy.
  • the process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium are completed by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 18 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts fourteen processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4 - 5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5 - 6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3 - 6 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6 - 7 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7 - t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7 - r of the (M 1 +M) kg
  • the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1 - 2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 2 - 3 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
  • the heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
  • the process 4 - 5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and the process 3 - 6 of the X kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work.
  • the process 7 - t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process t- 2 of the M 2 kg of working medium are completed by the expander and provides mechanical energy.
  • the process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium are completed by a turbine or a throttle valve.
  • the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
  • the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the technical effects of the present invention The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle proposed by the present invention has the following effects and advantages:
  • the present invention establishes a basic theory of the mechanical-energy-driven refrigeration and heating (energy quality difference utilization).
  • the present invention eliminates or greatly reduces the exothermic load in the phase-change region, and correspondingly increases the exothermic load in the high-temperature region. Therefore, a reasonable coefficient of performance can be achieved.
  • the ranges of the working medium's parameters are expanded greatly. Therefore, the high-efficiency and high-temperature heating can be achieved.
  • the present invention provides a theoretical basis for reducing the operating pressure and improving the safety of the device.
  • the present invention reduces the cycle's compression ratio, and leads to the convenience in selecting and manufacturing the cycle's core devices.
  • the present invention possesses simple methods, reasonable processes and good applicability. It is a common technology to realize the effective utilization of energy grade differences.
  • the present invention only uses a single working medium, which is easy to produce and store;
  • the present invention can also reduce the operation cost and improve the flexibility of cycle regulation.
  • the present invention adopts the low-pressure and high-temperature operation mode in the high-temperature region; therefore, the contradiction among the coefficient of performance, the working medium's parameters and the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities, which is common in traditional refrigeration/heat pump devices, can be alleviated or solved.
  • the present invention can operate at a low pressure.
  • the present invention provides theoretical support for improving the safety of the device operation.
  • the present invention possesses a wide range of applicable working media.
  • the present invention can match energy supply with demand well. It is flexible to match the working medium and the working parameters.
  • the present invention expands the range of thermodynamic cycles for mechanical-energy-driven refrigeration and heating, and is conducive to better realize the efficient utilization of mechanical energy in the fields of refrigeration, high-temperature heating and variable temperature heating.

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
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CN201910557654 2019-06-13
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