US20220282890A1

US20220282890A1 - Reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle

Info

Publication number: US20220282890A1
Application number: US17/619,246
Authority: US
Inventors: Huayu Li
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-06-14
Filing date: 2020-06-10
Publication date: 2022-09-08
Also published as: WO2020248588A1; CN115478917A; GB2599867A

Abstract

The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle of the present invitation belongs to the field of thermodynamics, refrigeration and heat pump. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of eight processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly:a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and heating up process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-2 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 6-7 of the M₁kg of condensation, a depressurization process 7-1 of the M₁kg of condensation.

Description

FIELD

The present invention belongs to the flied of thermodynamics, refrigeration and heat pump.

BACKGROUND

Cold demand, heat demand and power demand are common in human life and production. Among them, the conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy is an important way to realize refrigeration and heating. Generally, the temperature of the refrigerated medium changes during the refrigeration process, and the temperature of the heated medium also changes during the heating process. When using mechanical energy for heating, the heated medium often has the dual characteristics of variable temperature and high temperature at the same time, which makes the performance unsatisfactory when only using one single thermodynamic cycle to realize refrigeration or heating. The problems include the unreasonable coefficient of performance, low heating parameters, high pressure ratio and high operating pressure.
From the perspective of basic theory, there have been significant deficiencies for a long time: (1) In the vapor compression refrigeration/heat pump cycles based on the reversed Rankine cycle, the heat releasing process is usually a condensation process (isothermal or near-isothermal), which leads to a large loss of temperature difference between the working medium and the heated medium. Meanwhile, the depressurization process of the condensate has a large loss (or a high utilization cost). When the supercritical working condition is adopted, the compression ratio is high, which makes the manufacturing cost of the compressor high and the safety reduced. (2) In the gas compression refrigeration/heat pump cycles based on the reversed Brayton cycle, the required compression ratio is low, which limits the improvement of heating parameters. Meanwhile, the temperature changes a lot in the low-temperature process, which leads to a large temperature difference loss in the low-temperature process when heating or cooling, and thus the coefficient of performance is not satisfactory.
In the basic theoretical system of thermal science, the establishment, development and application of thermodynamic cycles will play an important role in the leap of energy utilization and actively promote the social progress and the productivity development. Reversed thermodynamic cycles (i.e., refrigeration/heat pump cycles) are the theoretical basis of mechanical-energy-driven refrigeration or heating devices, and they are also the core of the corresponding energy utilization systems. Aiming at the long-standing problems, starting from the principle of simply, actively and efficiently using the mechanical energy for refrigeration or heating, striving to provide the basic theoretical support for the simplicity, initiative and efficiency of refrigeration or heat pump device, the present invention proposes a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle.

THE CONTENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is mainly provided in the present invention, and the specific contents of the present invention are as follows:
1. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eight processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (2) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.
2. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (3) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (6) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (2) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.
3. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of nine processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium. performing a pressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.
4. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.
5. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of ten processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (a) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (2) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.
6. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of thirteen processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (6) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (2) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.
7. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of eleven processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (a) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.
8. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fourteen processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.
9. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of twelve processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (t) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (2) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (6) to (r) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (7) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.
10. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fifteen processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (6) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (t) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (2) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (r) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (9) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.
11. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of thirteen processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (t) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (7) to (r) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (8) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.
12. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of sixteen processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (t) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (r) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (c) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a type 1 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a type 2 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a type 3 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a type 4 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a type 5 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a type 6 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a type 7 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a type 8 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a type 9 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a type 10 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a type 11 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a type 12 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The first thing to note is that, in terms of the process description, it shall not be repeated under unnecessary circumstances, and the obvious process shall not be described. The detailed description of the present invention is as follows:
The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 1 works as follows:
(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
The working medium conducts eight processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and heating up process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-2 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 6-7 of the M₁kg of condensation, a depressurization process 7-1 of the M₁kg of condensation.
(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
{circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Generally, Aiming at the heat released in the process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of the M₁kg of working medium. The relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 2-3.
{circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M₁kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M₁kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 5-2 of the M₂kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process 7-1 of the M₁kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 2 works as follows:
(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes. The working medium conducts eleven processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization and heating up process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization and heating up process 3-6 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-2 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 8-9 of the M₁kg of condensation, a depressurization process 8-1 of the M₁kg of condensation.
(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
{circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, the process 6-7 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 8-9 of the M₁kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 2-3 and the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
{circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M₁kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, the process 3-6 of the X kg of working medium and the process 7-8 of the M₁kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work. The process 7-2 of the M₂kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process 9-1 of the M₁kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 3 works as follows:
(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
The working medium conducts nine processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium, a pressurization and heating up process 2-3 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-3 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 6-7 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7-8 of the M₁kg of condensation, a depressurization process 8-1 of the M₁kg of condensation.
(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
{circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 7-8 of the M₁kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
{circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M₁kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 and the process 6-7 of the M₁kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work. The process 6-3 of the M₂kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process 8-1 of the M₁kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 4 works as follows:
(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
The working medium conducts twelve processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium, a pressurization and heating up process 2-3 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-3 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the M₁kg of condensation, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-c of the M₁kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-1 of the Mt kg of condensation.
(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
{circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 6-7 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium and the process 7-8 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 9-c of the M₁kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 3-4 and the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium in process 4-5.
{circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M₁kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration. The heat demand of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium in process 4-5 comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 and the process 8-9 of the M₁kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium and the process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work. The process 8-3 of the M₂kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process c-1 of the M₁kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 5 works as follows:
(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes. The working medium conducts ten processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and heating up process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-a of the M₂kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process b-2 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 6-7 of the M₁kg of condensation, a depressurization process 7-1 of the M₁kg of condensation.
(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
{circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of the M₁kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands (regeneration) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 2-3 and the M₂kg of working medium in process a-b.
{circle around (3)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M₁kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat demand of the M₂kg of working medium in process a-b comes from regeneration or comes from external heat source.
{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M₁kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work. The process 5-a and the process b-2 of the M₂kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process 7-1 of the M₁kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 6 works as follows:
(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium,
a heat-absorption process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization and heating up process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 3-6 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-a of the M₂kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M₂kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-2 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 8-9 of the M₁kg of condensation, a depressurization process 9-1 of the M₁kg of condensation.
(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
{circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, the process 6-7 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 8-9 of the M₁kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 2-3, the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium in process 3-4 and the M₂kg of working medium in process a-b.
{circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M₁kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat demand of the M₂kg of working medium in process a-b comes from regeneration or comes from external heat source.
{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, the process 3-6 of the X kg of working medium and the process 7-8 of the M₁kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work. The process 7-a and the process b-2 of the M₂kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process 9-1 of the M₁kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 7 works as follows:
(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
The working medium conducts eleven processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium, a pressurization and heating up process 2-3 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-a of the M₂kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M₂kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 6-7 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7-8 of the M₁kg of condensation, a depressurization process 8-1 of the M₁kg of condensation.
(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
{circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 7-8 of the M₁kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, The relatively low-temperature parts is generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the M₂kg of working medium in process a-b and (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
{circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M₁kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M₂kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 and process 6-7 of the M₁kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium are generally completed by the compressor and requires mechanical energy. The process 6-a and the process b-3 of the M₂kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process 8-1 of the M₁kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 8 works as follows:
(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
The working medium conducts fourteen processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium, a pressurization and heating up process 2-3 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working, a pressurization and heating up process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-a of the M₂kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M₂kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-c of the M₁kg of condensation, a depressurization process c-1 of the M₁kg of condensation.
(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
{circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 6-7 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, the process 7-8 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 9-c of the M₁kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 3-4, the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium in process 4-5, the M₂kg of working medium in process a-b.
{circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M₁kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M₂kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 and the process 8-9 of the M₁kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium and the process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work. The process 8-a and process b-3 of the M₂kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process c-1 of the M₁kg of working medium is achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 9 works as follows:
(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
The working medium conducts twelve processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-t of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-2 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 6-r of the (M₁+M) kg of condensation, a pressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process s-t of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process r-7 of the M₁kg of condensation, a depressurization process 7-1 of the M₁kg of condensation.
(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
{circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, the process 6-r of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process r-7 of the M₁kg of condensation, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands (regeneration) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 2-3, the M kg of working medium in process s-t, The low-temperature parts of the process r-7 are generally used to satisfy the overheated demands of working medium in process 1-2.
{circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M₁kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work. The depressurization process 5-t of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium and the process t-2 of the M₂kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process 7-1 of the M₁kg of working medium are achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 10 works as follows:
(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
The working medium conducts fifteen processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M₂kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-t of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-2 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 8-r of the (M₁+M) kg of condensation, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process s-t of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process r-9 of the M₁kg of condensation, a depressurization process 9-1 of the M₁kg of condensation.
(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
{circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, the process 6-7 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, the process 8-r of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process r-9 of the M₁kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 2-3, the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium in process 3-4 and the M kg of working medium in process s-t.
{circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M₁kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 2-3 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, the process 3-6 of the X kg of working medium and the process 7-8 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work. The process 7-t of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium and process t-2 of the M₂kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process 9-1 of the M₁kg of working medium are achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 11 works as follows:
(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium, a pressurization and heating up process 2-3 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the M₂kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-t of the (M₁−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 6-7 of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7-r of the M₂kg of condensation, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization process s-t of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process r-8 of the M₁kg of condensation, a depressurization process 8-1 of the M₁kg of condensation.
(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
{circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 7-r of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 3-4 and the M kg of working medium in process s-t. the heat released in the process r-8 of the M₁kg of working medium are generally used to satisfy the low-temperature heat demand of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
{circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M₁kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 of the M₁kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work. The depressurization process 6-t of the (M₁−M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M₂kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process 8-1 of the M₁kg of working medium are achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 12 works as follows:
(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
The working medium conducts sixteen processes: a heat-absorption vaporization process 1-2 of the M₁kg of working medium, a pressurization and heating up process 2-3 of the M₁kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-t of the (M₁−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M₂kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-r of the (M₁+M) kg of condensation, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization process s-t of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process r-c of the M₁kg of condensation, a depressurization process c-1 of the M₁kg of condensation.
(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
{circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 6-7 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, the process 7-8 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, the process 9-r of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process r-c of the M₁kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium in process 3-4, the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium in process 4-5 and the M kg of working medium in process s-t.
{circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M₁kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or the low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process 4-5 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 of the M₁kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, the process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium and the process 8-9 of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by compressors and require mechanical work. The depressurization process 8-t of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium and process t-3 of the M₂kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process c-1 of the M₁are achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
The technical effects of the present invention: The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle proposed by the present invention has the following effects and advantages:
(1) The present invention establishes a basic theory of the mechanical-energy-driven refrigeration and heating (energy quality difference utilization).
(2) The present invention eliminates or greatly reduces the exothermic load in the phase-change region, and correspondingly increases the exothermic load in the high-temperature region. Therefore, a reasonable coefficient of performance can be achieved.
(3) In the present invention, the ranges of the working medium's parameters are expanded greatly. Therefore, the high-efficiency and high-temperature heating can be achieved.
(4) The present invention provides a theoretical basis for reducing the operating pressure and improving the safety of the device.
(5) The present invention reduces the cycle's compression ratio, and leads to the convenience in selecting and manufacturing the cycle's core devices.
(6) The present invention possesses simple methods, reasonable processes and good applicability. It is a common technology to realize the effective utilization of energy grade differences.
(7) The present invention only uses a single working medium, which is easy to produce and store; The present invention can also reduce the operation cost and improve the flexibility of cycle regulation.
(8) The processes in the present invention are shared and reduced, which provides a theoretical basis for reducing equipment investment.
(9) In the high-temperature region or the variable temperature region, the temperature difference loss in heat transfer can be reduced, and the coefficient of performance can be improved.
(10) The present invention adopts the low-pressure and high-temperature operation mode in the high-temperature region; therefore, the contradiction among the coefficient of performance, the working medium's parameters and the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities, which is common in traditional refrigeration/heat pump devices, can be alleviated or solved.
(11) Under the precondition of achieving a high thermal efficiency, the present invention can operate at a low pressure. The present invention provides theoretical support for improving the safety of the device operation.
(12) The present invention possesses a wide range of applicable working media. The present invention can match energy supply with demand well. It is flexible to match the working medium and the working parameters.
(13) The present invention expands the range of thermodynamic cycles for mechanical-energy-driven refrigeration and heating, and is conducive to better realize the efficient utilization of mechanical energy in the fields of refrigeration, high-temperature heating and variable temperature heating.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eight processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (2) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.

2. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (3) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (6) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (2) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.

3. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of nine processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium. performing a pressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.

4. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.

5. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of ten processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (a) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (2) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.

6. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of thirteen processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (6) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (2) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.

7. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of eleven processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (a) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.

8. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fourteen processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.

9. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of twelve processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (t) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (2) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (6) to (r) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (7) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.

10. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fifteen processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (3) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (3) to (6) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (t) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (2) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (r) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (9) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.

11. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of thirteen processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (t) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (7) to (r) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (8) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.

12. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of sixteen processes which are conducted with M₁kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (t) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (r) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (c) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M₁kg of working medium.